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and Khazriyati Salehuddin, and Norizan A. Razak, (2017) AKADEMIKA, 87 (1). pp. 243-252. ISSN 0126-5008

Official URL: http://ejournal.ukm.my/akademika/issue/view/860

Both foreign and local postgraduate candidates of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia come from diverse backgrounds and experiences. These students face several problems especially in writing the research proposals. Hence, to facilitate the process of writing a proposal, they are required to enrol in Research Methodology, a course that is made compulsory for all postgraduate students. This article presents a report on an action research that investigates the research skills of English as a Second Language postgraduates and their research journey while undergoing the Research Methodology course. Data was collected from their weekly journal entries and the interviews conducted on them. This data is also supported with the feedback by the Research Methodology course instructors during the proposal defense sessions. The findings suggest that although the students seemed enthusiastic when writing their proposals, they were not ready when faced with questions about research problems and approaches. It is found that these students did not read extensively to identify the gaps in their research and this hence, resulted in them facing difficulties to write a clear statement of the problem. This also led to poor formulation of their research questions. The findings will be beneficial for instructors and potential supervisors who aim to be better at teaching and supervising potential postgraduate students.

Item Type:Article
Keywords:Research methodology; Research skills; Research proposals; Supervision; Postgraduates
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ID Code:11229
Deposited By: ms aida -
Deposited On:09 Jan 2018 07:36
Last Modified:13 Jan 2018 11:51

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Title: Species composition and richness of amphibians and reptiles along an elevational gradient of Gunung Raya, Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: 
Supervisor: 
Keywords: Amphibians
Reptilians
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations
Issue Date: 21-Nov-2017
Description: Amphibians and reptilians of insular environment, such as Pulau Langkawi are more susceptible to extinction than those of continent populations. Environmental variability, demographic stochasticity and anthropogenic disturbances, make these smaller insular populations more vulnerable to extinction, especially for highland species. Langkawi Archipelago has had evidence of the longest earth history in Malaysia and was declared as a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2007 due to the sustainable development and management of the natural resources, mainly for ecotourism, as well as to increase local community socio-economic development. Amphibian and reptilian assemblages along an elevational gradient from 200-700 m a.s.l. of Gunung Raya were studied from February 2014 to January 2015 to identify temporal and spatial patterns of amphibian and reptile species richness and abundance. The effects of environmental variables (temperature, humidity) and microhabitats on species richness and abundance were also examined to explain the variations. Molecular analysis was performed on selected species of amphibians and reptiles to obtain more information on the population distribution along the elevation. A total of 10 species of amphibians and 23 species of reptiles were recorded. Linear regression showed a declining trend in observed amphibian species richness with increasing elevation (y=-0.01x+7.25, r2=0.71), but an ascending trend in observed reptilian species richness with increasing elevation (y=0.06x+15.3, r2=0.41). Correlation analysis of the environmental variables showed that the amphibians were positively correlated with rainfall (r=0.55, p<0.05) and humidity (r=0.71, p<0.05), while the reptilians showed a positive correlation with temperature (r=0.62, p<0.05). Effects of spatial variation produced a separation of amphibian and reptilian assemblages. Cluster analysis showed the formation of two amphibian groups, the lower and upper elevation, while the reptilian assemblage was split into four groups, namely rare species, upper elevation, lower elevation and generalist. The altitude (r=-0.78, p<0.05) and soil temperature (r=0.72, p<0.05) showed significant correlations with species richness, whereas vegetation parameters, namely the number of ferns (r=0.752, p<0.05) was positively correlated with the abundance of amphibians. The altitude (r=0.68, p<0.05), soil water content (r=0.76, p< 0.05) and vegetation parameters (palm: r=0.77, p<0.05; liana: r=-0.83, p<0.05) were significantly correlated with reptilian species richness, whereas the effects of altitude (r=0.69, p< 0.05), liana (r=-0.58, p<0.05) and soil parameters (soil temperature: r=-0.71, p<0.05; soil water content: r=0.61, p<0.05; soil watermark: r=0.81, p<0.05) was significantly correlated to the abundance of reptiles. High endemicity and narrow species distribution patterns for many species of amphibians and reptiles here will help conservation efforts through the proposal to nominate Gunung Raya Forest Reserve as Gunung Raya Granite Geoforest Park in the future, as an addition to the existing three geoforest parks.,Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis" is not available
Pages: 196
Publisher: UKM, Bangi
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10. Create templates

Objective: Develop a template for writing a research proposal.

Prompt Example: 

Include sections such as Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Expected Results, and References. 

Provide guidance on what each section should contain. 

Ensure the template is clear and easy to follow. 

Audience: Graduate students preparing research proposals. 

Expected Outcome: A clear and comprehensive research proposal template. 

Example User Query: 

Create a template for writing a research proposal? The template should include an Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Expected Results, and References. Provide guidance on what each section should contain. Ensure the template is clear and easy to follow. 

ELM’s Response: 

Certainly! Below is a detailed template for writing a research proposal. Each section includes guidance on the content that should be included. 

Title of the Research Proposal 

Brief Overview: Provide a concise summary of the research problem, objectives, methods, and expected outcomes. Keep it between 150-250 words. 

1. Introduction 

Background Information: Introduce the broader context of your research. Explain why the topic is significant and worth investigating. 

Research Problem: Clearly state the specific problem or question your research aims to address. 

Objectives of the Study: Outline the main goals of your research. What do you aim to discover or achieve? 

Research Questions or Hypotheses: List the primary questions your research will answer. If applicable, state your hypotheses. 

Significance of the Study: Explain the potential impact of your research. Why is it important to address this problem or question? 

2. Literature Review 

Current State of Research: Summarise the existing literature related to your research topic. Highlight key findings and gaps in the current knowledge. 

Theoretical Framework: Discuss the theories or models that will guide your research. How do they relate to your research problem? 

Critical Analysis: Provide a critical analysis of the existing research. Identify any controversies, inconsistencies or unanswered questions. 

Justification for the Study: Explain how your research will fill the gaps or address the limitations in the existing literature. 

3. Methodology 

Research Design: Describe the overall approach you will take (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods). 

Participants/Sample: Detail the characteristics of the study population or sample. How will participants be selected? 

Data Collection Methods: Outline the specific methods you will use to collect data (e.g., surveys, interviews, experiments). Justify your choices. 

Data Analysis Methods: Explain how you will analyse the collected data. Include any software or statistical tools you will use. 

Ethical Considerations: Address any ethical issues related to your research. How will you obtain informed consent? How will you protect participants' confidentiality? 

4. Expected Results 

Hypothesised Outcomes: Describe the anticipated findings of your research. What do you expect the data to reveal? 

Implications: Discuss the potential implications of your expected results. How might they contribute to the field? What practical applications could they have? 

Limitations: Acknowledge any potential limitations of your study. How might these limitations affect the interpretation of your results? 

5. References

Citations: List all the sources you have cited in your proposal. Use a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) as required by your institution or field.  

Note:  Use clear and concise language throughout your proposal. Each section should be logically structured and easy to follow. Tailor the template as needed to suit the specific guidelines provided by your institution or funding body. 

These examples are designed to provide clear instructions, define the intended audience, and outline the expected outcomes, ensuring they are effectively tailored to a university community. 

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Music student using a laptop

Create your own research proposal

A research proposal is a short document that summarises the research you want to undertake. If you cannot find a suitable advertised project, this is a route to create your own.

When creating a research proposal, you’ll need to consider the question or issue you want to address with your project. Think about the background of the subject and how your research will be an original contribution to the field. You’ll also need to think about the methods you'll use to conduct this research. Your proposal helps us assess your suitability for a research degree and decide if we can offer you the right supervision.

Preparation

You may want to make contact with 1 or more potential supervisors to discuss project ideas. They may also be able to help with funding your degree .

You can search our academics to find a supervisor whose research interests align to yours. When you find a match, contact them to discuss your proposals. Allow time for responses and to consider their feedback.

Learn how to make a supervisor enquiry

Writing your research proposal

You should keep it clear, objective and realistic. Include:

  • an outline of your research interests
  • your initial thoughts about your topic
  • clear objectives of what you aim to achieve or the question you want to address
  • references to previous work
  • why the research is relevant and original
  • your proposed method and general approach
  • why you believe the research should be funded
  • how your skills will help to conduct the research
  • any training you may need to undertake the project

How to structure your proposal

Your research proposal should include:

  • a working title for your project
  • up to 1,500 words (excluding a bibliography)

It’s best to write with short paragraphs and sentences. You can use images and diagrams if it’s appropriate.

Example structure:

  • introduction statement (200 words)
  • your background reading and the area you want to contribute to (400 words)
  • your research question or issue to investigate (200 words)
  • data sources, research methods and critical approaches to use (500 words)
  • conclusion on how your project will contribute to the field (200 words)
  • bibliography

Submit your proposal

Your potential supervisor will inform you of when to start the application process and how to include the details of your agreed project.  

More about how to apply

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IMAGES

  1. Contoh Format Proposal LPJ UKM

    ukm research proposal format

  2. Proposal Ukm (2) .

    ukm research proposal format

  3. Proposal Pembentukan Ukm Circ

    ukm research proposal format

  4. 😀 Phd proposal format ukm. Guidelines for PhD Research Proposal. 2019-03-04

    ukm research proposal format

  5. Proposal Pengajuan UKM.

    ukm research proposal format

  6. 9 Free Research Proposal Templates (with Examples)

    ukm research proposal format

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COMMENTS

  1. PDF Research Proposal

    8. Animal study/ observational study (retrospective, prospective), case-control or clinical trial Type of sampling mentioned: simple random, 9. convenient, systematic, stratified. 10. The study sites is/are clearly stated The inclusion and exclusion criteria are stated &.

  2. PDF Guidelines for Submission of A Research Proposal to The Research ...

    TO THE RESEARCH AND ETHICS COMMITTEE UKM INSTRUCTIONS Format for softcopy 1 Fill in : a. Research Application Form b. Screening Form c. Non-disclosure Agreement d. "Senarai Semak Penerimaan Proposal Penyelidikan" form pdf MS Word pdf (hardcopy only) 2 Submit one (1) hardcopy and one (1) softcopy of the forms ABOVE along with : a. Research ...

  3. Templat Gaya UKM

    Templat dan e-buku ini adalah sebagai rujukan dan panduan bagi memudahkan pelajar dalam penulisan tesis mengikut format penulisan Gaya UKM. Pelajar tidak dibenarkan memuatnaik atau menerbitkan semula sebarang maklumat dalam e-book dan templat ini pada mana-mana media elektronik, cetak, atau pun jenis sebarang jenis audio atau video.

  4. PDF PROPOSAL DEFENSE MECHANISM FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

    WRITING AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PROPOSAL DR. FARIZA KHALID FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UKM [email protected] website: farizakhalid.com research support fk /2016 1 research support fk /2016 2 ... 'Let's take the example of Safe Driving Habits in Sri Lanka. This is because, some drivers consume liquor before driving, they don't ...

  5. PDF Garis Panduan Usulan Penyelidikan / Proposal Defense Guidelines

    jectives are the means by which. ou intend to achieve the aims. These must be clear and. oncise. Relate with the research issues and. esea. ch questions. Use SMART cri. eria to state your objectives.3.4. Skop Kajia. / Research ScopeApakah tumpuan an. a, s. t data dan sebagainya./ What is your focu.

  6. PDF Guidelines for Proposal Defend

    State your independent and dependent variables. 3.3 Research Aim and Objectives. The aim is the overall driving force of the research and the objectives are the means by which you intend to achieve the aims. These must be clear and concise. Relate with the research issues and research questions. Use SMART criteria to state your objectives.

  7. PDF Project Proposal Presentation Guidelines (T 4172)

    Presentation Guidelines T_4172. Project Proposal Presentation Guidelines (T_4172)This guide is to help students prepar. for their project proposal presentations T_4172.The presentation for the T_4172 project p. oposal will start on Week 14 (July 3 - 10, 2023).The proposal presentation will be conducted face-to-face, and the duration of the ...

  8. PDF Guide on Using GayaUKM

    requirements. ukm therefore feels that a LATEX class and guidelines for authoring theses is necessary to promote general document authoring using LATEX. The sample ˙les thesis-english.tex and tesis-bahasa.tex are made available as the main guides in the package. It is recommended that authors develop their own arrangement when writing

  9. Application for Admission : Graduate Studies Programme

    Two (2) copies of your research proposal for programme by thesis only (1,000 - 1,500 words for Masters, 1,500 - 2,000 words for PhD). Two (2) photocopies of your passport (for international applicants only) ... made payable to Bendahari UKM or bank-in the payments to BCB UKM No. 1218-0005004-05-8 ...

  10. Engaging postgraduate students in preparing research proposals

    Both foreign and local postgraduate candidates of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia come from diverse backgrounds and experiences. These students face several problems especially in writing the research proposals. Hence, to facilitate the process of writing a proposal, they are required to enrol in Research Methodology, a course that is made compulsory for all postgraduate students.

  11. PDF The UKM Thesis Writing Guideline According to GAYA UKM

    The UKM Thesis Writing Style Guidelines or Gaya UKM are based on the original UKM Thesis Writing Style which was first formulated by committees in 1988 (see Appendix U1) and in 2005 (see Appendix U2). This set of guidelines has been in use since then and has been refined to update the content.

  12. Template for preparing manuscript

    Use a First paragraph to create a three four heading. Run text on after a full stop. Including tables and figures in manuscript. [Use Times New Roman font size 7 for - TABLE 1, FIGURE 1. Use Times New Roman font size 9 for labels - Simple example of a table] TABLE 1. Simple Example of a Table. Heading.

  13. Engaging Postgraduate Students in Preparing Research Proposals

    Kebangsaan Malaysia diwajibkan mengikuti kursus Metodologi Penyelidikan. Makalah ini membentangkan laporan mengenai kemahiran pelajar pascasiswazah program Bahasa Inggeris sebagai Bahasa Kedua dan perjal. nan penyelidikan mereka semasa mengikuti kursus Metodologi Penyelidikan. Data dikumpu.

  14. UKM Learning and Research Repository: Species composition and richness

    Amphibians and reptilians of insular environment, such as Pulau Langkawi are more susceptible to extinction than those of continent populations. Environmental variability, demographic stochasticity and anthropogenic disturbances, make these smaller insular populations more vulnerable to extinction, especially for highland species. Langkawi Archipelago has had evidence of the longest earth ...

  15. (PDF) Thesis Template-UKM style

    To overcome the flow of fault current of the DG, this study proposes RPR to monitor the power flow to the DG. Collectively the study focuses on the protection of radial DS by using RPR and UFCL. The analysis and the modeling were conducted on the 15KV DN of the radial feeder in Debre Markos DN.

  16. Format Proposal Ukm3

    Format Proposal Ukm3 - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document provides an overview of higher education in Malaysia and discusses recent reform efforts. It notes that higher education has expanded rapidly since the establishment of the first university in Malaysia in 1949.

  17. PDF th Module A : (Monday) Developing a Research Proposal

    Developing a Research Proposal 17th August 2020 (Monday) Time Program 8.45 am -9.00 am Registration 9.00 am -10.00 am Developing & Submitting a Project Proposal Dr. Elena Aisha Azizan ... 9.00 am -9.45 am Sample Size Calculation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azmi MohdTamil 9.45 am -10.30 am Exploratory Data Analysis Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azmi MohdTamil

  18. PDF CONTENT

    Example: Hotel Management System 3. Database Example: School Integration System Database 4. Cloud Computing (Cloud Computing) Example: School Management System Using AWS Project development must meet criteria based on the type of project as follows: 1. Develop projects by following a specific Software Development Process - for example,

  19. PDF Succession Planning Effectiveness: a Case Study of Ukm

    UKM. Further, the survey research using systematic sampling aimed to examine the relationship and influence of career development, knowledge management practices, and leadership styles (autocratic and democratic) on the ... 3.7.1.4 Selection of Sample 3.7.2 Data Collection Techniques 64 64 64 64 65 66 66 3.8 Ethical Procedures 67 3.9 Pilot Study 67

  20. Validation request

    Thesis Templates and Guidelines are available in the folllowing versions based on the softwares used. You may choose which ever one which you are most comfortable with depending on your level of expertise in using the respective softwares. The choices of softwares includes : 1) Word. 2) Mendeley.

  21. 10. Create templates

    Objective: Develop a template for writing a research proposal. Prompt Example: Include sections such as Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Expected Results, and References. Provide guidance on what each section should contain. Ensure the template is clear and easy to follow. Audience: Graduate students preparing research proposals.

  22. PDF Panduan Penulisan Tesis GAYA UKM

    siswazah UKM dalam penulisan tesis/disertasi/projek mereka, tetapi juga amat berguna kepada pelajar di peringkat ijazah pertama serta seluruh ahli akademik dalam ... BAB II FORMAT 2.1 Jidar 7 2.1.1 Ukuran 7 2.2 Penomboran Halaman 8 2.2.1 Nombor halaman 8 2.2.2 Jenis nombor rumi 8 2.2.3 Jenis nombor Arab/Jawi 8. vi • Panduan Penulisan Tesis ...

  23. Research Proposal

    A research proposal is a project outline of around 3000 words that you write as part of the process of applying to study for an MPhil or PhD research degree. Skip to main content ... Example structure: introduction statement (200 words) your background reading and the area you want to contribute to (400 words)