to kill a mockingbird movie review essay

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"To Kill a Mockingbird" is a time capsule, preserving hopes and sentiments from a kinder, gentler, more naive America. It was released in December 1962, the last month of the last year of the complacency of the postwar years. The following November, John F. Kennedy would be assassinated. Nothing would ever be the same again -- not after the deaths of Martin Luther King, Robert Kennedy, Malcolm X, Medgar Evers, not after the war in Vietnam, certainly not after September 11, 2001. The most hopeful development during that period for America was the civil rights movement, which dealt a series of legal and moral blows to racism. But "To Kill a Mockingbird," set in Maycomb, Alabama, in 1932, uses the realities of its time only as a backdrop for the portrait of a brave white liberal.

The movie has remained the favorite of many people. It is currently listed as the 29th best film of all time in a poll by the Internet Movie Database. Such polls are of questionable significance, but certainly the movie and the Harper Lee novel on which it is based have legions of admirers. It is being read by many Chicagoans as part of a city-wide initiative in book discussion. It is a beautifully-written book, but it should be used not as a record of how things are, or were, but of how we once liked to think of them.

The novel, which focuses on the coming of age of three young children, especially the tomboy Scout, gains strength from her point of view: It sees the good and evil of the world through the eyes of a six-year-old child. The movie shifts the emphasis to the character of her father, Atticus Finch, but from this new point of view doesn't see as much as an adult in that time and place should see.

Maycomb is evoked by director Robert Mulligan as a "tired old town" of dirt roads, picket fences, climbing vines, front porches held up by pillars of brick, rocking chairs, and Panama hats. Scout (Mary Badham) and her 10-year-old brother Jem (Philip Alford) live with their widowed father Atticus Finch ( Gregory Peck ) and their black housekeeper Calpurnia (Estelle Evans). They make friends with a new neighbor named "Dill" Harris (John Megna), who wears glasses, speaks with an expanded vocabulary, is small for his age, and is said to be inspired by Harper Lee's childhood friend Truman Capote . Atticus goes off every morning to his law office downtown, and the children play through lazy hot days.

Their imagination is much occupied by the Radley house, right down the street, which seems always dark, shaded and closed. Jem tells Dill that Mr. Radley keeps his son Boo chained to a bed in the house, and describes Boo breathlessly: "Judging from his tracks, he's about six and a half feet tall. He eats raw squirrels and all the cats he can catch. There's a long, jagged scar that runs all the way across his face. His teeth are yellow and rotten. His eyes are popped. And he drools most of the time." Of course the first detail reveals Jem has never seen Boo.

Into this peaceful calm drops a thunderbolt. Atticus is asked by the town judge to defend a black man named Tom Robinson ( Brock Peters ), who has been accused of raping a poor white girl named Mayella Violet Ewell (Collin Wilcox). White opinion is of course much against the black man, who is presumed guilty, and Mayelle's father Bob (James Anderson) pays an ominous call on Atticus, indirectly threatening his children. The children are also taunted at school, and get in fights; Atticus explains to them why he is defending a Negro, and warns them against using the word "nigger."

The courtroom scenes are the most celebrated in the movie; they make it perfectly clear that Tom Robinson is innocent, that no rape occurred, that Maybelle came on to Robinson, that he tried to flee, that Bob Ewell beat his own daughter, and she lied about it out of shame for feeling attracted to a black man. Atticus' summation to the jury is one of Gregory Peck's great scenes, but of course the all-white jury finds Tom Robinson guilty anyway. The verdict is greeted by an uncanny quiet: No whoops of triumph from Bob Ewell, no cries of protests by the blacks in the courtroom gallery. The whites file out quickly, but the blacks remain and stand silently in honor of Atticus as he walks out a little later. Scout and her brother sat up with the blacks throughout the trial, and now a minister tells her: "Miss Jean Louise, stand up, your father's passin'."

The problem here, for me, is that the conviction of Tom Robinson is not the point of the scene, which looks right past him to focus on the nobility of Atticus Finch. I also wonder at the general lack of emotion in the courtroom, and the movie only grows more puzzling by what happens next. Atticus is told by the sheriff that while Tom Robinson was being taken for safekeeping to nearby Abbottsville, he broke loose and tried to run away. As Atticus repeats the story: "The deputy called out to him to stop. Tom didn't stop. He shot at him to wound him and missed his aim. Killed him. The deputy says Tom just ran like a crazy man."

That Scout could believe it happened just like this is credible. That Atticus Finch, an adult liberal resident of the Deep South in 1932, has no questions about this version is incredible. In 1962 it is possible that some (white) audiences would believe that Tom Robinson was accidentally killed while trying to escape, but in 2001 such stories are met with a weary cynicism.

The construction of the following scene is highly implausible. Atticus drives out to Tom Robinson's house to break the sad news to his widow, Helen. She is played by Kim Hamilton (who is not credited, and indeed has no speaking lines in a film that finds time for dialog by two superfluous white neighbors of the Finches). On the porch are several male friends and relatives. Bob Ewell, the vile father who beat his girl into lying, lurches out of the shadows and says to one of them, "Boy, go in the house and bring out Atticus Finch." One of the men does so, Ewell spits in Atticus's face, Atticus stares him down and drives away. The black people in this scene are not treated as characters, but as props, and kept entirely in long shot. The close-ups are reserved for the white hero and villain.

It may be that in 1932 the situation was such in Alabama that this white man, who the people on that porch had seen lie to convict Tom Robinson, could walk up to them alone after they had just learned he had been killed, call one of them "boy," and not be touched. If black fear of whites was that deep in those days, then the rest of the movie exists in a dream world.

The upbeat payoff involves Ewell's cowardly attack on Scout and Jem, and the sudden appearance of the mysterious Boo Radley ( Robert Duvall , in his first screen performance), to save them. Ewell is found dead with a knife under his ribs. Boo materializes inside the Finch house, is identified by Scout as her savior, and they're soon sitting side by side on the front porch swing. The sheriff decides that no good would be served by accusing Boo of the death of Ewell. That would be like "killing a mockingbird," and we know from earlier in the film that you can shoot all the bluejays you want, but not mockingbirds -- because all they do is sing to bring music to the garden. Not exactly a description of the silent Boo Radley, but we get the point.

This is a tricky note to end on, because it brings Boo Radley in literally from the wings as a distraction from the facts: An innocent black man was framed for a crime that never took place, he was convicted by a white jury in the face of overwhelming evidence, and he was shot dead in problematic circumstances. Now we are expected to feel good because the events got Boo out of the house. That Boo Radley killed Bob Ewell may be justice, but it is not parity. The sheriff says, "There's a black man dead for no reason, and now the man responsible for it is dead. Let the dead bury the dead this time." But I doubt that either Tom Robinson or Bob Ewell would want to be buried by the other.

"To Kill a Mockingbird" is, as I said, a time capsule. It expresses the liberal pieties of a more innocent time, the early 1960s, and it goes very easy on the realities of small-town Alabama in the 1930s. One of the most dramatic scenes shows a lynch mob facing Atticus, who is all by himself on the jailhouse steps the night before Tom Robinson's trial. The mob is armed and prepared to break in and hang Robinson, but Scout bursts onto the scene, recognizes a poor farmer who has been befriended by her father, and shames him (and all the other men) into leaving. Her speech is a calculated strategic exercise, masked as the innocent words of a child; one shot of her eyes shows she realizes exactly what she's doing. Could a child turn away a lynch mob at that time, in that place? Isn't it nice to think so.

Roger Ebert

Roger Ebert was the film critic of the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, he won the Pulitzer Prize for distinguished criticism.

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To Kill a Mockingbird (2001)

Rated Not rated

129 minutes

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“To Kill a Mockingbird” (1962) by Robert Mulligan Essay (Movie Review)

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The movie “To Kill a Mocking Bird” was filmed from a 1960 Novel of the same name by Harper Lee. This movie is a semi-autobiographical presentation of a small city in Alabama, a widower attorney, and racial unrest setting. This movie presented a timely reflection of the extent of deep racial problems and social injustices existing in the southern part of the US in the early 60s.

The innocence and world of play of young people is clearly presented in the movie by the actions of the two young characters by the names of Scout and her elder brother Jem and the way they perceive their widower’s father Attorney Atticus (Harper 12).

The movie featured Gregory Peck acting under the name Atticus Finch acting as a lawyer in the racially divided town of Alabama in the 1930s.Finch chooses to act in defense of a young black man accused of raping a white woman. The story is given from the view of a six year old scout child stirring in the movie as Atticus child. The story is then narrated to the audience by an adult scout.

This presents a form of distinctiveness in the narrative part of the movie (Dirks 2). This is useful because it allows the first person narration forming the plot of the movie to contain adult language and insights at the same time upholding the innocent outlook of a child.

Incorporating an adult perspective in the is essential in adding a measure of hindsight to the movie and consequently leaving room for the audience to analyze events in the movie from a deeper angle. The setting of the movie in a black and white picture mode has also helped in distinguishing.

This is because most of us are used to colored movies and so a black and white movie shows an aspect of uniqueness and creativity on the part of the producer (Dirks 2).

The movie has also exhibited a high level in the successful connection of themes in its plot. For instance, the theme of racial discrimination and violence are well incorporated and connected where Scout and Jem are evicted from their father’s house after deciding to defend Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman. The innocent children are later attacked on a dark night by a prejudiced adult.

This depicts a high sense of interconnectivity in the plot and the overall development of the movie since the author successfully links these events in order to present different themes in the movie (Harper 112).

Characters such as Atticus and Calpurnia are used by the author in presenting the aspect of sympathy towards those who might be less privileged in the society. To further present this theme in the movie, the author uses such scenes as the scene where scout welcomes a less privileged member of his class home for supper and belittles his table manners in order to be at the same par with his classmate.

She defends her move by standing to her stand that she is bound to treat all guests with respect regardless of their social status. Atticus’ view of people’s perceptions towards other people is presented in a sharp contrast to that of other characters such as Alexandria who refers to poor people as “trash”. This further depicts a high level of character development in this movie.

Prejudice and tolerance serves as one of the major themes in the movie. The author of this movie tries to examine the issue of racism and its consequences. This is presented in the major themes of prejudice verses tolerance. The author tries to elaborate on how people feel about and respond to differences about other people.

The author of the movie has also succeeded in developing the flow of the movie through the use of very strong willed characters such as Miss Maudie Atkinson. Miss Atkinson is presented in the movie as a strong and supportive character that always stands her ground against such as Jem and Scout.

To further highlight the strength of this female character, the author uses such concepts as “it is a sin to kill a mocking bird because all that they do is singing for the masses”. This statement is also useful in developing the plot of the movie.

The author of the movie has also used a commendable combination of characters. Majority of the characters in this movie demonstrate a high level of distinct traits. This is very useful in making the movie more enjoyable because such type of characters develops an aspect of closeness to the minds of the audiences.

The audience always feels inclined to the strong characters in the movie thus deriving more satisfaction from the movie. For instance, a mere look at Scout portrays the daring and outspoken traits in her (Dirks 3).

The theme of violence and its effects have also been critically presented in the movie. This theme is developed through such scenes as the scene where Scout gets into a brawl with a classmate as well as in the scene where Jem is attacked and his arm broken in the movie.

The author consequently uses the theme of violence to convey a message about the effects and threats of violent acts. This is well presented in the movie in the form of disturbing scenes and nighttime shadows.

Works Cited

Dirks, TIM. Film site Movie review “To kill a mocking Bird (1962). Retrieved from: https://www.filmsite.org/toki.html

Harper, Lee. To Kill a Mocking Bird . New York: PT Mizan Publika, 2008. Print.

Harpers, Lee. To kill a mocking bird: Plot overview. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2019, May 16). "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) by Robert Mulligan. https://ivypanda.com/essays/movie-review-of-movie-to-kill-a-mocking-bird-movie-review/

""To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) by Robert Mulligan." IvyPanda , 16 May 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/movie-review-of-movie-to-kill-a-mocking-bird-movie-review/.

IvyPanda . (2019) '"To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) by Robert Mulligan'. 16 May.

IvyPanda . 2019. ""To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) by Robert Mulligan." May 16, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/movie-review-of-movie-to-kill-a-mocking-bird-movie-review/.

1. IvyPanda . ""To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) by Robert Mulligan." May 16, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/movie-review-of-movie-to-kill-a-mocking-bird-movie-review/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . ""To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) by Robert Mulligan." May 16, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/movie-review-of-movie-to-kill-a-mocking-bird-movie-review/.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Movie Analysis Essay

The film, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Robert Mulligan, released on December 25, 1962. The movie was about a black man, Tom Robinson, who gets convicted of false rape. Atticus Finch is called upon to be the lawyer of the case. This movie was popular when it came out, and years after, because it helped start a new equality movement between whites and blacks in America. The movie, To Kill a Mockingbird, has two main characters, Scout and Jem. They live in Alabama with their father, Atticus Finch. The beginning of the movie explains the rumors of a man called Boo Radley, the kid’s neighbor.

He has not been seen in years and is said to be a very bad person. Jem and Scout begin to realize what is happening in their town when their father is assigned to defend a black man in a trial. The man, Tom Robinson, was falsely accused of raping a woman. Jem and Scout are later taunted at school and wherever they go. One night, Atticus stood outside the jail to keep Tom safe. Jem and Scout came to see where their father was and an angry mob of people came to try and kill Tom. The kids saw this and it was Scout who noticed the people in the mob. She started talking to them to see why they were doing it.

When she told Mr. Cunningham to say hi to his son, the mob decided they should leave. Later in the movie, the trial takes place. The woman who said she was raped lies about a lot of things that Tom didn’t do. Tom was able to answer all questions and did not show anything that he had raped her. The final factor came when the woman was hit on the right side of her face. Tom cannot use his left hand to hit and the woman’s father was left handed. It seemed he was not going to jail. When Tom said,”I felt sorry for her” when asked why he helped her, everyone was ot happy that a black man was sorry for a white person.

They decided Tom was guilty and sent to jail. He later tried to run away and was shot and killed. This movie was very popular to most people and got many great reviews for the actors and the standards of the book. In a Cinemablend review, the movie is said to “lives up to the standards set by the book. “(1) The critics also liked the performance of Gregory Peck, who played Atticus Finch. “Gregory Peck’s performance as lawyer Atticus Finch is just as beautiful, natural, and nuanced as the movie itself,” said Amber Burnham (1) from Filmmonthley. om. In a 1962 film review by The Hollywood Reporter, the writer, James Powers, explains how the movie is, “a Southern exposure of the tragedy these unresolved problems visit on all involved. ” (1) This shows how this movie influenced some to begin the fight for equality and that is why it was so popular among lots of Americans.

The film also received many awards and made lots of money. According to IMDb, this film won best writing, screenplay based on material from another medium and was nominated for best picture and best director from the Academy Awards. 1) It also won best original score from the Golden Globes. (1) Gregory Peck won best actor in a leading role from the Academy Awards and best actor in drama from the Golden Globes. (1) These awards show many people liked this movie and it was so successful because it won major awards that only the best movies win. The film also made $13 million in a year according to IMDb. The budget of the movie was two million. (1) This shows many people watched the movie and liked it because it made lots of money in the box office and won major awards for the movie and the actors in it.

This movie was popular to many people in America because it was right around the time when many new revolutions began to start. In the article, “50,000 March on Montgomery,” Simeon Booker, the author, talks about how Martin Luther King Jr. lead lots of people in a march all the way to Montgomery. They tried to do this two weeks ago and the police showed up and did whatever they could to get the marchers to turn back. Now, the group of over 50,000 will do it again (53). This proves this movie was successful because it was in the middle of a huge change for America because Martin Luther King Jr. mpacted many people in their lives because of what he did. He sparked major changes in America right around when this movie was released. Another example of why this movie was successful in the time period is in the article, “The Revolution in the Civil Rights Movement: What’s Happening Now,” the author, Nils R. Douglas, explains how he thinks that all the talk about the changes fading away are “nonsense. ” (443). He says, “What is really happening in the civil rights movement is quite new. A new revolution, a quiet revolution, is taking place. (443).

This article was released in early 1967. This shows that To Kill a Mockingbird came out right in the middle of a new revolution towards equality and so that made it so popular to many people. The article even explained how this was the beginning to a separate revolution in America. That means this movie got lots of people to watch it because many people wanted the next revolution to begin. One scene in the film that showed Mulligan thought the new revolution is beginning is at the lynch mob scene.

The scene begins with Jem, Scout, and Dill trying to find Atticus. They go to the jail, they see a group around Atticus and Tom Robinson. The men are trying to get to Tom and Atticus to kill them. Scout runs up and notices Mr. Cunningham and asks him to say hi to his son for her. When she says this, there is a close up of his face and he lowers his head. The camera then goes back to Scout and she is shown from a low angle to show she seems to have more power. When the camera shows Mr. Cunningham again, he is shot from a high angle.

Throughout the scene you can see more and more of the mob members drop their heads and look around. This shows that this could be the start of a new revolution because they seem to be rethinking their beliefs on the subject. In the end of the scene, Mr. Cunningham decides to get everyone and go home. This also shows Scout as a leader of the new revolution because of what she did. She also saved Tom’s life. The next scene that shows there being a new revolution is at the end of the trial when most of the white folks are gone, Atticus is packing his things and about to leave.

The camera pans to a group of black folks, and a few white, who are standing above and thanking Atticus for what he has gone through to help Tom. This shows the beginning of a new revolution because those people have witnessed what is going on and how severe it is because Tom was found guilty with all the evidence that proves he was not the man who raped Mayella. In conclusion, Robert Mulligan’s movie, To Kill a Mockingbird, helped start a new revolution for equal rights in America. Many people saw the film and it showed what was going on and how severe things in the United States had gotten.

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To kill a mockingbird, common sense media reviewers.

Masterpiece with crucial lessons about prejudice.

A Lot or a Little?

What you will—and won't—find in this movie.

Promotes tolerance and empathy and speaks out agai

Atticus Finch is one of fiction's (and cinema's) m

Atticus advocates for Scout to be comfortable with

Scout gets into schoolyard brawls with classmates.

See "Violence."

The "N" word is used by the villain. It's also use

Cigarette smoking. The antagonist often appears dr

Parents need to know that To Kill a Mockingbird is the award-winning 1962 film adaptation of the classic Harper Lee novel. Its powerful evocation of racism and bigotry in 1930s Alabama remains relevant today, as do the themes of empathy, compassion, and justice sought by Atticus Finch (Gregory Peck). The "N"…

Positive Messages

Promotes tolerance and empathy and speaks out against prejudice and racism. Conveys a deep, moving message about the dangers of fear and White supremacy. Other themes include compassion, integrity, and staying true to your beliefs.

Positive Role Models

Atticus Finch is one of fiction's (and cinema's) most admirable characters. His actions and intentions are always for the good; his true sense of right and wrong is clearly evident, and he never backs down from what he believes in. He's a talented lawyer and a great father to Scout and Jem, both challenging them and supporting them. They're upright kids with a strong internal compass. It should be noted, however, that he falls into the "White savior" archetype.

Diverse Representations

Atticus advocates for Scout to be comfortable with her ways of self-expression, such as wearing boys' clothing. Calpurnia, the Black domestic worker, is complex and provides the children with valuable lessons. Tom is a Black man who faces a wrongful accusation of rape. Atticus, the only lawyer willing to defend Tom in court, fits the archetype of "White savior."

Did we miss something on diversity? Suggest an update.

Violence & Scariness

Scout gets into schoolyard brawls with classmates. Jem is attacked, mostly off-screen, and his arm is broken by someone stalking him and Scout. The threat of violence is portrayed through menacing looks and nighttime shadows. A man is falsely accused of rape. In a courtroom, rape and attack are discussed in detail. A rabid dog is shot and killed. An angry mob shows up at the jailhouse seeking to take justice in their hands. Scout questions her brother about their deceased mother.

Did you know you can flag iffy content? Adjust limits for Violence & Scariness in your kid's entertainment guide.

Sex, Romance & Nudity

Did you know you can flag iffy content? Adjust limits for Sex, Romance & Nudity in your kid's entertainment guide.

The "N" word is used by the villain. It's also used by a young girl when she tells her father, a lawyer defending a Black man, that kids at school say that her father is defending a ["N" word]; her father tells her never to use that word. Outdated words "Negro" and "colored" also are used.

Did you know you can flag iffy content? Adjust limits for Language in your kid's entertainment guide.

Drinking, Drugs & Smoking

Cigarette smoking. The antagonist often appears drunk.

Did you know you can flag iffy content? Adjust limits for Drinking, Drugs & Smoking in your kid's entertainment guide.

Parents Need to Know

Parents need to know that To Kill a Mockingbird is the award-winning 1962 film adaptation of the classic Harper Lee novel . Its powerful evocation of racism and bigotry in 1930s Alabama remains relevant today, as do the themes of empathy, compassion, and justice sought by Atticus Finch ( Gregory Peck ). The "N" word is used as a weapon by the lead villain, and when young Scout Finch (Mary Badham) uses the word because kids at her school are using it, her father explains why she should never use it. In the movie's powerful courtroom scenes, the rape of an impoverished young White woman is discussed in detail, and over the course of the trial, abuse (and possibly incest) is implied at the hands of her father. The film should inspire family discussion of not only racism and injustice, but also how values such as empathy and compassion can be used to educate against bigotry and profound ignorance. To stay in the loop on more movies like this, you can sign up for weekly Family Movie Night emails .

Where to Watch

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Community Reviews

• Parents say (14)
• Kids say (36)

Based on 14 parent reviews

Classic is thought-provoking but mature. 14+

What's the story.

Based on Harper Lee's classic novel , TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD is set in a small, fictitious Alabama town in the 1930s. It follows the story of the Finch family: 6-year-old Scout (Mary Badham); her older brother, Jem (Philip Alford); and their widowed lawyer father, Atticus Finch ( Gregory Peck ). Parallel story lines follow Atticus' difficult decision to defend a Black man who's been accused of raping a White woman, and the two young Finches' fascination with their mysterious -- and rumored-to-be-dangerous -- recluse neighbor, Boo Radley ( Robert Duvall) . Atticus and his children face disapproval and potential violence from those who believe the accused is guilty, with or without a trial. Scout and Jem also discover that someone is leaving strange but beautiful little gifts for them in a tree near their home.

Is It Any Good?

This film offers crucial lessons about prejudice and the fears that motivate it and is a portrait of how racism was discussed in the years leading up to the civil rights movement. Kids will appreciate how To Kill a Mockingbird talks to them but not down at them and reaches for the heart without gimmicks or trite characters. Peck's Oscar-winning performance anchors the film, which is finely crafted, with a perfectly balanced script by Horton Foote. A paragon of decency who stands for tolerance and nonviolence at all costs, Atticus also is a loving, nurturing father who treats everyone around him, including his children, with respect.

Screenwriter Foote includes more than lynch mobs and courtroom fireworks; he also offers lower-key, intimate moments, such as when young Scout questions her older brother about their deceased mother. Or, on a lighter note, when Scout fidgets during her first day of school; she can't get comfortable in her new dress. Despite the ugly truths the film portrays, a gentle goodness pervades it, even during the darkest moments.

Talk to Your Kids About ...

Families can talk about the challenges of adapting a classic novel like To Kill a Mockingbird . How do you think filmmakers decide what to keep and what to skip or change?

How can misinformation affect the lives of others, including our neighbors?

How has the media's depiction of racism and people of varying races changed over the years? How has it not?

In what ways does To Kill a Mockingbird perpetuate the "White savior" myth?

How do the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird demonstrate compassion , empathy , and integrity ? Why are these important character strengths ?

Movie Details

• In theaters : December 25, 1962
• On DVD or streaming : January 2, 2001
• Cast : Gregory Peck , Mary Badham , Robert Duvall
• Director : Robert Mulligan
• Studio : Universal Pictures
• Genre : Classic
• Topics : Book Characters , Brothers and Sisters , Friendship , Great Boy Role Models
• Character Strengths : Compassion , Empathy , Integrity
• Run time : 131 minutes
• MPAA rating : NR
• Last updated : May 23, 2024

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Research shows a connection between kids' healthy self-esteem and positive portrayals in media. That's why we've added a new "Diverse Representations" section to our reviews that will be rolling out on an ongoing basis. You can help us help kids by suggesting a diversity update.

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To Kill A Mockingbird Film Review

A Faithful Recreation Of One Of Literary’s Finest

Faithfully adapted from the book of the same name, To Kill A Mockingbird is a well written, masterfully crafted film that takes a long, hard look at the justice system and in particular, racism gripping Alabama in America during the early 1930s. Buoyed by an impressive performance by Gregory Peck as the middle-aged lawyer fighting for justice, To Kill A Mockingbird is a timeless movie that, while not quite as gripping as the book its based on, does a great job adapting the book into an easily accessible, thought provocative film.

Unlike the book which focuses predominantly on 6 year old Scout and her perception of the world as seen through her narrative voice, the film takes a much more passive viewpoint, focusing on both Scout ( Mary Badham ) and her brother Jem ( Phillip Alford ) as well as her father Atticus Finch. Scout and Jem’s storyline predominantly revolves around their reclusive neighbour “Boo” Radley ( Robert Duvall ) whom they fantasise about and imagine what he looks like which plays right into the hands of Atticus Finch’s story. This plot line is far more hard hitting, with the bulk of it revolving around Atticus’ struggle to defend an innocent black man, Tom Robinson ( Brock Peters ), from a false rape accusation.

Most of the story plays out in a straight forward, formulaic fashion with the children, especially Scout, continuously puzzled by the events that transpire in their father’s case while Atticus grapples with the inequality and unjustified hatred in society. It’s here that To Kill A Mockingbird bursts into life with Tom Robinson’s court case sure to leave you incredulous and angry throughout. Gregory Peck’s cool, calm demeanour and the way it slowly breaks down into frustrated exasperation late on is a thing of beauty and played out to perfection.

A wonderfully sombre score accompanies the film too and really helps set the mood and tone for large stretches of the run time. With the film originally released in the 60s, some of the set design and static camera work inevitably feels a little dated but to be honest these points are negligible considering how important some of the core themes and ideas are here. Racism, inequality and flaws in the justice system all rear their ugly head throughout making this a flick that easily transcends time, highlighting the unbridled racism evident in 1930s America.

It was always going to be a difficult job adapting one of the best books ever written and although the film does pales in comparison to the book, To Kill A Mockingbird is still an important film in the history of cinema, highlighting numerous flaws in the justice system as well as societal attitudes of the time. Gregory Peck is excellent as Atticus Finch too and his performance helps drive the narrative forward toward the bittersweet, reflective ending. Whether another film will ever manage to achieve what Mockingbird does here is anyone’s guess but it’s fair to say this will forever go down as one of the most culturally important films in the history of cinema.  

• Verdict - 9/10 9/10

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Essays on To Kill a Mockingbird

To kill a mockingbird essay topic examples.

You can analyze its themes in argumentative essays, compare and contrast characters or themes, describe the book's settings, persuade readers about certain points, or narrate personal experiences related to the novel's themes. These essay ideas allow you to dive into the world of "To Kill a Mockingbird" from various angles, making it easier to understand and engage with the story.

Argumentative Essays

Argumentative essays require you to analyze and present arguments related to the novel. Here are some topic examples:

• 1. Analyze the portrayal of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird and its relevance in today's society.
• 2. Argue whether Atticus Finch is an ideal role model for modern fathers.

Example Introduction Paragraph for an Argumentative Essay: Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird shines a spotlight on the persistent issue of racial injustice in the American South. This essay delves into the novel's portrayal of this injustice and its enduring relevance in the contemporary world, examining the lessons it offers for addressing social inequality.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for an Argumentative Essay: In conclusion, the analysis of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird underscores the novel's power to inspire meaningful conversations about equity and justice. As we grapple with these issues today, we are reminded of the importance of empathy and compassion in fostering positive change.

Compare and Contrast Essays

Compare and contrast essays enable you to examine similarities and differences within the novel or between it and other literary works. Consider these topics:

• 1. Compare and contrast the characters of Scout and Jem Finch, exploring their individual growth and experiences.
• 2. Analyze the similarities and differences between the themes of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird and The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Compare and Contrast Essay: Siblings often share profound bonds, yet their experiences can be remarkably distinct. This essay embarks on a journey to compare and contrast Scout and Jem Finch, the young siblings in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird , exploring the unique paths they navigate and the growth they experience throughout the novel.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Compare and Contrast Essay: In conclusion, the comparison and contrast of Scout and Jem Finch offer insights into the complexity of individual growth and sibling dynamics in To Kill a Mockingbird . As we consider their journeys, we are reminded of the transformative power of empathy and understanding in family relationships.

Descriptive Essays

Descriptive essays allow you to vividly depict settings, characters, or events within the novel. Here are some topic ideas:

• 1. Describe the atmospheric details of Maycomb, the fictional town in To Kill a Mockingbird , and its impact on the story.
• 2. Paint a detailed portrait of Boo Radley, focusing on his mysterious nature and significance in the narrative.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Descriptive Essay: Maycomb, the setting of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird , is not just a backdrop but a character in its own right. This essay embarks on a descriptive journey to capture the atmospheric details of Maycomb, immersing the reader in the town's unique ambiance and its profound influence on the story.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Descriptive Essay: In conclusion, the descriptive portrayal of Maycomb in To Kill a Mockingbird not only sets the stage but also evokes a sense of nostalgia and reflection. Through this exploration, we are reminded of the power of place in shaping our narratives and perceptions.

Persuasive Essays

Persuasive essays involve arguing a point of view related to the novel. Consider these persuasive topics:

• 1. Persuade your readers that Atticus Finch's defense of Tom Robinson is an act of moral courage.
• 2. Argue for or against the idea that To Kill a Mockingbird should be a mandatory part of high school curricula.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Persuasive Essay: Atticus Finch's unwavering defense of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird resonates as a symbol of moral courage. This persuasive essay asserts that Atticus's actions embody the essence of moral heroism, inviting readers to reflect on the qualities that define true bravery.

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Persuasive Essay: In conclusion, the persuasive argument regarding Atticus Finch's moral courage underscores the enduring significance of his character in To Kill a Mockingbird . As we contemplate his actions, we are compelled to consider the qualities that inspire us to stand up for justice and equality.

Narrative Essays

Narrative essays offer you the opportunity to tell a story or share personal experiences related to the themes of the novel. Explore these narrative essay topics:

• 1. Narrate a personal experience where you encountered prejudice and discrimination similar to the themes in To Kill a Mockingbird .
• 2. Imagine yourself as a character in Maycomb and recount your interactions with the Finch family and Boo Radley.

Example Introduction Paragraph for a Narrative Essay: Prejudice and discrimination are unfortunately common experiences in our world. This narrative essay delves into a personal encounter with these themes, drawing parallels to the themes explored in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird .

Example Conclusion Paragraph for a Narrative Essay: In conclusion, the narrative of my personal encounter with prejudice and discrimination underscores the enduring relevance of the themes in To Kill a Mockingbird . As we reflect on the challenges of our own lives, we are encouraged to confront injustice and champion the values of empathy and equality.

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The Crucial Role of Symbols in to Kill a Mockingbird

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The Prejudice of Race, Gender and Social Class in The Novel "To Kill a Mockingbird"

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To Kill a Mockingbird: is Mayella Powerful

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July 11, 1960, Harper Lee

Novel; Thriller, Southern Gothic, Domestic Fiction, Legal Story, Bildungsroman

Atticus Finch, Scout Finch, Jem Finch, Dill Harris, Calpurnia, Aunt Alexandria, John Finch, Arthur Radley

It is partially based on Lee Harper's childhood, which is why the story is told by the child protagonist.

The loss of innocence, prejudice, racial challenges, honor, childhood, friendship, loss of innocence. The most powerful aspect is the very meaning behind "to kill a mockingbird", which means to destroy the innocence. It is made clear by Scout when he asks to "remember [that] it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". The flowers also symbolize patience and understanding, which are reflected by the white camellia flower.

To Kill a Mockingbird is not an easy book to read, yet it quickly became a symbol for the Civil Rights Movement all over the world. It teaches us about being brave, about injustice that must not be ignored, inequality around us, poverty, racism, corruption, anger control, innocence, oppression, hatred, and judging others. Reading this book reminds us of hope, patience, being equal to each other, and fighting for being brave and true.

The story starts when Tom Robinson, an African American male is accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, the local lawyer called Atticus agrees to defend Tom even though he receives threats from the community. Even when things are quickly getting dangerous, Atticus refuses to leave his client. His young son Scout unwittingly helps to settle down the challenge.

The book has almost been called "Atticus" instead of the famous title that we know so well. Harper Lee was writing only one manuscript page per day even though she worked for about 12 hours a day. The character of Atticus Finch has been inspired by Lee's father who also worked as the lawyer and defended African American clients. The book has helped to create a cottage industry in the author's hometown, which has started with a museum. Lee Harper decided to choose her middle name instead of "Nelle", which she was afraid could be mispronounced. To Kill a Mockingbird became one of the most beloved books in the American literary history. The character of Dill has been based on author's childhood friend Truman Capote who has also used her personality's character in his "Other Voices, Other Rooms" novel that has been published in 1948.

"The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience." "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." "Mockingbirds don't do one thing except make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corn cribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." "It's never an insult to be called what somebody thinks is a bad name. It just shows you how poor that person is, it doesn't hurt you." "I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what."

The main factor in To Kill a Mockingbird is teaching one's children and reminding each other about the dangers of prejudice and judging others. Providing an example of defending a black male in the American South shows that one must always keep the faith and seek the truth regardless of the conditions.

It is one of the most influential civil rights movement works in English literature and a symbolism of social challenge, culture, courage, defense of truth, and justice. It is also an essay topic where a person learns about prejudice and understanding that one has to be in another person's shoes to see and understand what it is like. Choosing this book as an essay topic, middle school, high school, and college students learn about justice, honor, and courage.

1. Macaluso, M. (2017). Teaching To kill a mockingbird today: Coming to terms with race, racism, and America's novel. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 61(3), 279-287. (https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaal.678) 2. Tanış, A., & Cengizhan, L. (2010). Analyzing the novel “to kill a Mockingbird” in literature class. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4387-4391. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187704281000738X) 3. Al-Mamoory, S., & Witwit, M. A. (2021). Critical Discourse Analysis of Opression in''To Kill a Mockingbird''. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 9(02), 11-24. (http://journals.researchub.org/index.php/jsshr/article/view/1243) 4. Stiltner, M. A. (2002). Don't put your shoes on the bed: A moral analysis of “To Kill a Mockingbird”. East Tennessee State University.(https://www.proquest.com/openview/fa19ac9b0047942ce79bc14a55116582/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y) 5. Khokhar, M. I., & Mashori, G. M. (2018). Marxist Analysis of to Kill A Mockingbird According To Peter Barry. Journal of Grassroot, 52(2). (https://www.prdb.pk/article/marxist-analysis-of-to-kill-a-mockingbird-according-to-peter-2526) 6. Shackelford, D. (1996). The Female Voice in" To Kill a Mockingbird": Narrative Strategies in Film and Novel. The Mississippi Quarterly, 50(1), 101-113. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26475781) 7. Sastrawijaya, M. D. (2021). The Character and Moral Values in “to Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee. INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching, 3(1), 81-87. (https://journal.lppmunindra.ac.id/index.php/inference/article/view/6070) 8. Winarni, B., Nugroho, A., & Fatimah, S. (2013). Affection And Prejudice In To Kill A Mockingbird Novel By Harper Lee (1960): A Psychoanalytic Approach (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). (http://eprints.ums.ac.id/26577/)

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To Kill a Mockingbird

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Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

To Kill a Mockingbird: Introduction

To kill a mockingbird: plot summary, to kill a mockingbird: detailed summary & analysis, to kill a mockingbird: themes, to kill a mockingbird: quotes, to kill a mockingbird: characters, to kill a mockingbird: symbols, to kill a mockingbird: literary devices, to kill a mockingbird: theme wheel, brief biography of harper lee.

Historical Context of To Kill a Mockingbird

Other books related to to kill a mockingbird.

• Full Title: To Kill a Mockingbird
• When Written: 1950-1960
• Where Written: New York City and Monroeville, Alabama
• When Published: 1960
• Literary Period: Modernism
• Genre: Bildungsroman; Social Novel
• Setting: The fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama during the Great Depression
• Climax: The trial of Tom Robinson; or when Bob Ewell attacks Scout and Jem
• Antagonist: Bob Ewell; more broadly, racism and mob mentality
• Point of View: First Person

Extra Credit for To Kill a Mockingbird

“Dill” Capote. The character of Dill is based on Harper Lee’s real-life childhood friend, Truman Capote, who went on to become a national literary star in his own right. He wrote the bestselling true crime book In Cold Blood .

Atticus in Real Life. Harper Lee became close friends with Gregory Peck, the actor who played Atticus in the Academy Award-winning film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird . She remained close with his family after Peck died, and Peck’s grandson is even named Harper after her.

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To Kill a Mockingbird: Book vs. Movie, Similarities and Differences

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"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. 'Til you climb inside of his skin. Walk around in it." Atticus Finch to his daughter

Atticus Finch's advice to his young daughter Jean Louise "Scout" Finch is among the wisest ever put down in a novel or put forth on the big screen. So simple yet so necessary.

Published in 1960, the late Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird is the story of Scout Finch and her musings about growing up in 1930s Alabama while her lawyer father, Atticus, defends a black man who's accused of raping a white woman.

In both book and movie form, To Kill a Mockingbird is a story that's as powerful today as it was back in the 1960s. The tale of the Finch family and their town's delicate social structure is both sad and triumphant, brutal and kind, full of humility and hard lessons.

But the book and movie aren't the same. Here are the similarities and differences in To Kill a Mockingbird's book and movie.

Book vs. Movie: Similarities

The 1963 film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird starring Gregory Peck is vastly similar to the book, even if some of the book's more expansive story elements are lost in the adaptation.

The movie is, on the whole, a fantastic representation—if somewhat diluted—of Harper Lee's original story, and the script follows the book through all of its major plot points.

Boo Radley's actions at the end of the book are same as in the film, and the skewed morality of the Sheriff when he deals with the situation is perfectly in line with the book's final conundrum.

The movie's depiction of the characters are also modeled closely on the book. Scout is a fiery young girl with a penchant for solving problems with her fists. Jem is a curious young man who strongly follows the rule of his father.

And the most important of them all, Atticus is the small town's public defender who ignores the town's racially-charged hatred and defends Tom Robinson, knowing that he's innocent of his crimes.

Book vs. Movie: Differences

The film version of To Kill a Mockingbird deviates from the book in several instances. Most notably, the entire storyline of the wider Finch family isn't present in the movie at all.

In the pages of the novel, Atticus Finch's sister Alexandra comes to live with the family and helps raise Jem and Scout. The book's Atticus also has a brother named John in whom he confides on occasion.

There are whole passages set in Finch's Landing—their family home—that further explore Atticus' disdain for racial prejudice and his moral standpoint against the residents of Maycomb.

On top of the omitted family, several neighborhood characters from the book are notably missing in the movie. These characters were reasonably cut due to runtime constraints.

Although the movie does narrow down the scope of the town of Maycomb and its residents, it successfully maintains the moral heart of the book. Atticus' role in the movie is more prominent than in the book, as it's his storyline that makes Scout's childhood so profound.

Book vs. Movie: Verdict

Rendering a verdict on which medium delivers the better rendition of the story is difficult. In the end, they're both triumphant.

Scout's tale of her father, her childhood, and her family is more deeply explored in the book, and Harper Lee brings across her childlike point-of-view so well (who based much of the novel on her own upbringing).

We do lose a lot of worldbuilding in the movie adaptation, but that's not necessarily a bad thing. The movie aims to tell a very specific story from a book of many stories. The movie was never meant to be a 100-percent retelling; it was purpose-built for the big screen.

So while the main story of To Kill a Mockingbird and the events that transpire are much the same, the movie shifts its focus more onto Atticus and the trial and less on Scout.

For many, Gregory Peck's performance as Atticus Finch is strong enough to have the movie stand on its own—you won't even need to read the novel. And should you decide to read it after, you'll undoubtedly see Gregory Peck as Atticus in your head.

The character of Atticus Finch has been such an influential figure in American literature, becoming a beacon of all things good and decent within the law profession. Gregory Peck portrays him with such dignity and moral fortitude that the American Film Institute even recognized Peck's Finch as the greatest hero in cinema history.

If for nothing else, that might be the one reason that pushes the film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird a smidge over the book, securing its victory as superior.

Once you watch the movie, separating Atticus Finch from Gregory Peck is an impossible feat. Pair that with the movie's clear focus on the most important aspects of the story? It becomes clear that the film does everything it needs to succinctly tell its story.

Everything You Need to Know About Analysing ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ for English | Summary, Context, Themes & Characters

One of the classics of American literature, ‘ To Kill a Mockingbird’ has been assigned to you for your English class and you need to conduct an essay analysis. Whether you’re looking for a summary of the themes in To Kill a Mockingbird or a quick refresher of the key characters or context, we’ve got you! 

You’ll also be able to download a copy of our analysed textual examples, as well as a sample paragraph so you can ace your tasks.

Let’s take a look together! 

To Kill a Mockingbird Summary Key Characters in To Kill a Mockingbird Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird Context Themes Explored in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird

Summary of To Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel that centres around the Finch family and is told through the perspective of Jean (nicknamed Scout), within the town of Maycomb, Alabama. Atticus, Jean’s father, is a prominent lawyer and the family lives relatively comfortably despite the impacts of the Great Depression. 

Image sourced from Wikimedia Commons

Scout, her brother Jem and their friend Dill spend the summer together where Dill eventually becomes fascinated by the Radley’s house where Boo Radley, a mysterious and ghostly figure that is the topic of much speculation and stories for the children of Maycomb .

Scout and Jem find gifts in the knothole of a tree on the Radley property, but Nathan Radley chases the children off the property and eventually seals up the knothole. When a fire breaks out, Jem tells Atticus that Boo is caused it. 

Access the To Kill a Mockingbird Downloadable Sample Paragraph and Examples of Analysis

The climax of the novel arrives when Atticus agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a Black man who has been accused of raping a white woman. As a result, Scout and Jem get bullied by other children in their conservative, racist town.

At a pivotal moment, Mrs Dubose, the neighbour of the Finch family, harasses the children and Jem lashes out by destroying her garden.

As punishment, Atticus tells Jem to read to Mrs Dubose every day, explaining to the children that she is addicted to morphine and trying to overcome her addiction. Thus, despite the children’s initial indignation, Atticus teaches them an important lesson in empathy and perspective. 

When Tom Robinson’s trial begins, he is held in the local courthouse where a group of people gather planning to lynch him. Atticus confronts the group the night before the trial, where Jem and Scout sneak out of the house to join him.

Recognising one of the men, Scout gently asks him how his son is doing, unknowingly shaming him and causing the group the disperse. 

At the trial, the siblings choose to sit with the town’s Black citizens as Atticus presents clear evidence that Mayella and Bob Ewell are lying about the rape.

Atticus demonstrates that the injuries on Mayella’s face are wounds from Bob when he found her with Tom. However, despite the convincing evidence indicating Tom’s innocence, the all-white jury convicts him. 

Tom is killed later on when he tries to escape prison. Additionally, despite his success at the trial, Bob Ewell feels that he has been made a fool and takes revenge.

First, he harasses Tom’s widow before finally attacking Jem and Scout as they walk home from a party. However, the children are saved by Boo Radley who fatally stabs Ewell during the struggle.

Boo carries an injured Jem home and Atticus insists that Ewell tripped over a tree root and fell on his knife to protect Boo.  The novel ends with Scout walking Boo home and reflecting on the events of the novel and the complexities of humanity. 

Key Characters in To Kill a Mockingbird

Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch is the main character and we first met her when she is 6 years old, although it is narrated by an older Scout who is reflecting and looking back on her life. Through her, we learn about the town, her family and what it was like to live in the early 1930s during the Great Depression and the racial tensions that existed during that time.  

Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a single father in To Kill a Mockingbird who is appointed as the defence lawyer for a Black man who is accused of raping a White woman. Throughout the novel, Atticus teaches the children about empathy and how to view situations from different people’s perspectives instead of judging them harshly. 

Jem Finch Jem Finch is Scout’s older brother who looks up to their father a lot. As an older brother, Jem accompanies Scout for a lot of her adventures and it is evident that the two are close. Being older, we watch Jem mature and often understand issues that Scout still does not. 

Tom Robinson Tom Robinson is the Black man who Atticus defends during the rape trial. During the trial, there is compelling evidence that Tom is innocent and that the Ewells falsely accused him of rape. Despite this, Tom Robinson is found guilty due to the jury’s racial prejudice. 

Boo Radley Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley is the Finch’s mysterious neighbour which the children in the town often speculate and make up scary stories about him. While he was a teenager, Boo was part of a gang of boys who caused trouble in Maycomb by drinking and gambling. As a result of this, he was locked in his home for many years and not allowed out. However, he has a soft spot for the children, leaving them gifts in the knothole of a tree and saving Jem when he is attacked by Bob Ewell. 

Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird

Mockingbird In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” the symbolic significance of the mockingbird resonates deeply. It represents innocence and goodness . Atticus Finch’s advice to his children, Scout and Jem, to never harm a mockingbird metaphorically extends beyond the bird itself. The innocent characters like Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are likened to mockingbirds, as they bring no harm but are subjected to cruelty and injustice due to societal prejudices .

The Radley Place The ominous Radley house and its reclusive occupants, particularly Boo Radley, symbolise the fear of the unknown . The town’s gossip and myths surrounding the Radleys serve as a reflection of the community’s prejudiced attitudes. Boo Radley, initially feared and misunderstood, eventually becomes a symbol of compassion and kindness, challenging the town’s preconceived notions.

These symbols intricately weave into the narrative, adding layers of depth to the novel’s themes of innocence, prejudice, empathy, and the complexities of morality and human behavior.

To Kill a Mockingbird is set in Alabama during the 1930s, allowing Harper Lee to explore the impact of racism and the Great Depression on people. While slavery had been abolished in 1890, most White Americans continued to hold racial prejudices against them.

Segregation laws meant that Black people were separated from White people. This is reflected in Maycomb where they live in a separate part of town and even sit in a separate area during Tom Robinson’s trial. 

Image sourced from Britannica

Additionally, Lee demonstrates the racism in America during this time through the town’s response to Atticus agreeing to defend Tom and his subsequent trial. From the children being harassed, the attempted lynching of Tom and finally being found guilty by the jury despite overwhelming proof of his innocence, the novel demonstrates how racism affected Black people in all aspects of their lives during this time. 

While the novel was set in the 1930s, Lee wrote it during the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement was happening . The legal system continued to be discriminatory towards Black people, thus many of the racial themes that Lee explores in the novel would easily be recognisable to the public when the book was published.

The continued relevance of To Kill a Mockingbird during the 21st century can still be seen in the Black Lives Matter movement in America and ongoing racial injustices. 

Image sourced from Minnesota Historical Society

Themes Explored in To Kill a Mockingbird

As you read through To Kill a Mockingbird, you will encounter themes such as:

• Empathy and courage
• Loss of innocence 

The Complexities of Humanity

To Kill a Mockingbird explores the complexities of humanity and how both good and evil can exist at the same time within people. Told through the perspective of Scout between the ages of 6-9, readers are offered an opportunity to watch Scout mature while also learning alongside her. 

Social Prejudice

Themes of social prejudice are also strong within the novel, featuring various social outcasts from Mrs Dubose who is a morphine addict, Boo Radley and the Black citizens of Maycomb.

Through these characters, Lee is able to explore the different prejudices society often holds and encourages us to be empathetic to people we may think of as unpleasant or weird due to their differences or behaviours. Instead, we are encouraged to see a different point of view and “climb into his skin and walk around in it”. 

The Enduring Relevance of the Text

While To Kill a Mockingbird was set in the 1930s and written in the 1960s, many of the themes continue to remain relevant more than 50 years later. It is likely that your English classes will ask you to consider why we continue to study this book and what it teaches us about social prejudices.

While segregation may be a thing of the past, themes like racism’s impact on the justice system can still be seen in movements like Black Lives Matter. Additionally, while the book deals with racism specifically, social prejudices like how we interact with people from different backgrounds, those with a disability or LGBTQ+ people can also be examined through this book. 

Events to Keep in Mind

While Tom Robinson’s case is the climax of the novel, there are various characters and events that you should keep a lookout for as well!

From the children going to the Black church, their interactions with Mrs Dubose and Boo Radley — there are various events where the children build empathy and challenge their own opinions of other citizens in the town , providing an opportunity for the readers to learn alongside them too. 

How to Analyse To Kill a Mockingbird in 3 Steps

Usually, when students try to write their essay for To Kill a Mockingbird, or any other text, they’ll try to work on their thesis first when responding to an essay question — however, we recommend starting with your analysis!

Doing this will allow you to expand your knowledge of the text before thoroughly answering anything about it. Once you’ve analysed your text, then you can draw ideas from it and properly build your thesis.

We’re going to walk you through writing up an essay analysis for To Kill a Mockingbird in three simple steps!

Step 1: Choose your example

When picking an example ensure that you are able to identify a technique in the text.

Here, we have chosen to look at Atticus’s statement to the Court and jury at Tom Robinson’s trial:

“We know all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe – some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they’re born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cakes than others… But there is one way in this country in which all men have been created equal… That institution, gentlemen, is a court.”

This is quite a long quote from To Kill a Mockingbird, so remember when you’re actually writing up your analysis for your essay, you don’t actually need to include the complete quote — just excerpts.

We’ve got a list of 50 quotes that you should check out from To Kill a Mockingbird!

Step 2: Identify your technique(s)

Ensure that the technique you choose for your quote supports your analysis or helps you to build your argument.  

To enhance your response, you want to discuss techniques that have a lot more depth — you should keep an eye out for any literary techniques such as metaphors, similes and motifs!

For the above quote, there is repetition, cumulative listing, inclusive language and allusion. 

Step 3: Write the analysis

When writing the analysis, focus on the effect of the technique and how it supports your argument. In this case, we are going to analyse how the quote addresses the theme of racial prejudices. 

The opening of “we know all men are not created equal” subverts the American declaration of independence , as Atticus utilises cumulative listing to demonstrate all the ways in which men and women are not equal.

However, he also reminds the jury during this trial that the law is a “way in this country in which all men have been created equal”, alluding to the American Declaration of Independence and the core values of the nation . Analysis for this quote may look like: 

Atticus, aware that the jury is likely to find Tom Robinson guilty despite strong evidence of his innocence due to the racial prejudices the White jury is likely to hold tries to challenge this t hrough the inclusive language of in “we know all men are not created equal”, Atticus presents the jury and the defence as being on the same side. Furthermore, the allusion to the core American values when he states “in this country there is one way all men have been created equal”, creates an appeal to both the jury’s sense of justice and core American values. 

Need to write a Feature Article on ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’? Look no further than this incredible in-depth guide to help you ace your writing!

Need some help analysing other texts?

Check out other texts we’ve created guides for below:

• All the Light We Cannot See
• Lord of the Flies
• The Meursault Investigation
• In Cold Blood
• Pride and Prejudice
• Jasper Jones
• Romeo and Juliet

Read also: how to write a feature article for English ! 

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Tiffany Fong is currently completing a double degree in Media and Communications with Law at Macquarie University. She currently contributes to the university zine, Grapeshot where she enjoys writing feature articles, commentary on current affairs or whatever weird interest that has taken over her mind during that month. During her spare time, Tiffany enjoys reading, writing, taking care of her plants or cuddling with her two dogs. 

• Topics: ✏️ English , ✍️ Learn

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To Kill a Mockingbird Movie Review

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“To Kill A Mockingbird” Movie Review Based on the book by Harper Lee, the black and white film “To Kill A Mockingbird” was a very entertaining spectacle. “To Kill A Mockingbird”, written through Scout’s perspective, is essentially about Scout (Jean-Louise), Jem and their father Atticus Finch living in the racially divided Alabama town of Maycomb in the 1930s. Atticus agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a young ‘black’ man, who is accused of raping a white woman. Throughout the book, Scout and Jem acquire a friend, Dill, and the three grow up together finding out valuable life lessons and qualities one should possess.

The three children learn the importance of empathy and equality through Atticus’ defining quote “You never really understand a person until you consider things from their point of view . . . until you climb into their skin and walk around in it. ” The movie was very enjoyable. I found that the characters of Mayella and Bob Ewell were very well portrayed. The Ewell’s attitude and social status in Maycomb was clearly shown in film. Scout’s character was played remarkably; I had imagined her almost exactly how she was shown in the movie.

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Her personality and character was very well displayed. I found that the Finch family as a whole was enacted very appropriately. The theme of inequality and prejudice was portrayed very well in the court scene where Atticus, defending Tom Robinson, told the court room and the jury to “review without passion the evidence [of Tom Robinson’s innocence] that you have heard”, unfortunately, Tom was still found guilty. However, I found many aspects of the book were not included in the movie. Major events that strengthened and emphasized character relationships were left out.

These events included Miss Maudie’s house burning down, where Boo Radley made a connection with Jem and Scout by putting a blanket on the shivering children whilst they watched the fire consume their neighbour’s house. The movie also left out the significant scene in which Atticus shot the mad dog dead with one bullet. This was very important as it showed Jem and Scout a side to their father that they had never seen. Some other things that the movie failed to include were the parts where Jem and Scout went to read to Mrs Dubose, the family gathering for Christmas at Finch’s Landing nd, for me, most importantly the inclusion of Aunt Alexandra’s stay in Maycomb. Aunt Alexandra showed the themes of femininity and conformity (mainly directed at Scout) which greatly changed the tone of the novel. I believe that the themes of prejudice, racism, and segregation that were strongly emphasized in the book should have been more evident in the movie. Although the movie was very pleasant and entertaining, it failed to include most of the major events which hindered the quality of the film. Overall, the movie “To Kill A Mockingbird” was inferior, as the classic novel was much more descriptive than the film. By Marisa Clegg

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What is To Kill a Mockingbird about?

What inspired harper lee to write to kill a mockingbird , how did people respond to to kill a mockingbird , why is to kill a mockingbird a significant text, is there a sequel to to kill a mockingbird .

To Kill a Mockingbird

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• National Endowment for the Arts - To Kill a Mockingbird
• Encyclopedia of Alabama - To Kill A Mockingbird
• Internet Archive - "To Kill a Mockingbird"
• Academia - To Kill a Mockingbird: Race, Class and Innocence in the Contemporary Society INTRODUCTION
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To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression (1929–39). The story centres on Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an unusually intelligent girl who ages from six to nine years old during the novel. She and her brother, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), are raised by their widowed father, Atticus Finch. Atticus is a well-known and respected lawyer. He teaches his children to be empathetic and just, always leading by example.

When Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black residents, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a young white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him despite threats from the community. Although Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was attacked by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted. He is later killed while trying to escape custody. The children, meanwhile, play out their own miniaturized drama. Scout and Jem become especially interested in the town recluse, Arthur (“Boo”) Radley, who interacts with them by leaving them small gifts in a tree. On Halloween, when Bob Ewell tries to attack Scout and Jem, Boo intervenes and saves them. Boo ultimately kills Ewell. The sheriff, however, decides to tell the community that Ewell’s death was an accident.

It is widely believed that Harper Lee based the character of Atticus Finch on her father, Amasa Coleman Lee, a compassionate and dedicated lawyer. The plot of To Kill a Mockingbird was reportedly inspired in part by his unsuccessful defense of two African American men—a father and a son—accused of murdering a white storekeeper. The fictional character of Charles Baker (“Dill”) Harris also has a real-life counterpart. Dill is based on the author Truman Capote , Lee’s childhood friend and next-door neighbour in Monroeville, Alabama. (After the spectacular success of To Kill a Mockingbird , some speculated that Capote was the actual author of Lee’s work. This rumour was not put to rest until 2006.) There is some anecdotal evidence that the town recluse, Arthur (“Boo”) Radley, was based on Lee and Capote’s childhood neighbour, Son Boulware. According to Capote, Boo “was a real man, and he lived just down the road from us.…Everything [Lee] wrote about it is absolutely true.”

Harper Lee began writing To Kill a Mockingbird in the mid-1950s. It was published in 1960, just before the peak of the American civil rights movement . Initial critical responses to the novel were mixed. Many critics praised Lee for her sensitive treatment of a child’s awakening to racism and prejudice. Others, however, criticized the novel’s tendency to sermonize. Some reviewers argued that the narrative voice was unconvincing. The novel was nonetheless enormously popular with contemporary audiences. To Kill a Mockingbird flourished in the racially charged environment of the United States in the early 1960s. In its first year it sold about 500,000 copies. A year after the publication of the novel, Lee was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for fiction.

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is one of the best-known and most widely read books in the United States. Since its publication in 1960, the novel has been translated into some 40 languages and has sold more than 40 million copies worldwide. A staple on American high- school reading lists, the novel has inspired numerous stage and film adaptations, the most notable of which was the 1962 film starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. Lee’s novel continues to resonate with audiences today; in 2018 a stage adaptation of the novel debuted to rave reviews on Broadway.

In 2015 Harper Lee published a second novel titled Go Set a Watchman . Although it was technically written before To Kill a Mockingbird , the novel is essentially a sequel. Go Set a Watchman is set 20 years after the events of To Kill a Mockingbird . In the novel, Jean Louise (”Scout”) Finch—now a grown woman living in New York City—returns to her childhood home in Alabama to visit her aging father, who has embraced racist views. Despite the controversy surrounding its publication (some believe the novel is actually an early draft of To Kill a Mockingbird ), the novel reportedly sold 1.1 million copies in its first week.

To Kill a Mockingbird , novel by American author Harper Lee , published in 1960. Enormously popular, it was translated into some 40 languages, sold more than 40 million copies worldwide , and is one of the most-assigned novels in American schools. In 1961 it won a Pulitzer Prize . The novel was praised for its sensitive treatment of a child’s awakening to racism and prejudice in the American South .

To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression . The protagonist is Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an intelligent though unconventional girl who ages from six to nine years old during the course of the novel. She is raised with her brother, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), by their widowed father, Atticus Finch . He is a prominent lawyer who encourages his children to be empathetic and just. He notably tells them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird ,” alluding to the fact that the birds are innocent and harmless.

When Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black residents, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him despite threats from the community . At one point he faces a mob intent on lynching his client but refuses to abandon him. Scout unwittingly diffuses the situation. Although Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was attacked by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted, and he is later killed while trying to escape custody. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds,” paralleling Atticus’s saying about the mockingbird.

The children, meanwhile, play out their own miniaturized drama of prejudice and superstition as they become interested in Arthur (“Boo”) Radley , a reclusive neighbour who is a local legend . They have their own ideas about him and cannot resist the allure of trespassing on the Radley property. Their speculations thrive on the dehumanization perpetuated by their elders. Atticus, however, reprimands them and tries to encourage a more sensitive attitude. Boo makes his presence felt indirectly through a series of benevolent acts, finally intervening when Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout. Boo kills Ewell, but Heck Tate, the sheriff, believes it is better to say that Ewell’s death occurred when he fell on his own knife, sparing the shy Boo from unwanted attention. Scout agrees, noting that to do otherwise would be “sort of like shootin’ a mockingbird.”

Analyzing the Career Stats of Jameis Winston: a Comprehensive Review

This essay about Jameis Winston’s NFL career highlights his talent, challenges, and growth. From his promising start at Florida State to his ups and downs with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and his resurgence with the New Orleans Saints, Winston’s path is marked by statistical achievements and personal evolution. It examines his strengths, struggles with turnovers, and his commitment to improvement both on and off the field, portraying his determination to succeed in professional sports.

How it works

Jameis Winston’s NFL odyssey is a captivating tale of talent, trials, and triumphs, defined by statistical achievements and personal evolution. From his standout collegiate career at Florida State University to his journey through the professional ranks, Winston’s path has been a narrative rich in both promise and perseverance.

Drafted as the top overall pick by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2015, Winston entered the league with sky-high expectations. His rookie season showcased flashes of brilliance, including over 4,000 passing yards and 22 touchdowns, yet it also unveiled a susceptibility to interceptions—a theme that would shadow him through the early stages of his NFL tenure.

Despite these challenges, Winston’s grit and dedication were evident, earning him respect within the locker room and from fans alike.

In subsequent seasons, Winston grappled with injuries and off-field issues that tested his resolve and interrupted his development. Nevertheless, he continued to demonstrate glimpses of greatness, setting franchise records and exhibiting a knack for performing under pressure. His resilience emerged as a hallmark of his career, as he navigated setbacks with a steadfast commitment to improvement.

The conclusion of his tenure with the Buccaneers in 2019 marked a turning point for Winston, as he sought a fresh start with the New Orleans Saints. Under the mentorship of future Hall of Fame quarterback Drew Brees and the guidance of head coach Sean Payton, Winston embraced a new role, patiently waiting for an opportunity to showcase his growth and maturity. That opportunity arrived in 2021 when he seized the starting quarterback position and delivered a memorable performance, throwing five touchdowns in a single game—a testament to his development and readiness.

A closer examination of Winston’s career statistics underscores his strengths as a quarterback with a strong arm and a knack for making impactful plays downfield. His completion percentage and passing yards reflect his ability to move the ball effectively, while his touchdown-to-interception ratio underscores the dual nature of his talent and the challenges he has faced. Turnovers have been a recurring theme throughout his career, yet Winston’s determination to learn and evolve continues to shape his trajectory.

Beyond the numbers, Winston’s influence extends beyond the gridiron into the community, where he has leveraged his platform to support charitable causes and inspire youth through education and mentorship initiatives. His commitment to making a positive impact off the field highlights his character and leadership qualities, earning him admiration beyond his athletic achievements.

Looking ahead, Winston’s future in the NFL remains an intriguing storyline, with ongoing discussions about his potential as a long-term starter and his ability to lead a team to postseason success. As he continues to refine his skills and adapt to new challenges, Winston’s journey serves as a testament to the unpredictable nature of professional sports and the resilience required to succeed at the highest level.

In conclusion, Jameis Winston’s NFL career is a compelling narrative of growth, determination, and the pursuit of excellence amidst adversity. From his collegiate accolades to the trials and triumphs of his professional journey, Winston’s story encapsulates the complexities and rewards of pursuing greatness in one of the world’s most demanding sports. As he continues to forge his path forward, one thing remains certain—Winston’s unwavering passion for the game and his commitment to continuous improvement will undoubtedly leave an indelible mark on the NFL and inspire future generations of athletes.

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