phd accounting oxford

Accountancy

Accountants play a central role in organisations by providing reliable financial information upon which critical business decisions are made.

They formulate financial plans for organisations in both the public and private sectors and use accounting and business management skills to set up and maintain financial policies. Although many accountants hold a university degree, it's often desirable rather than essential. Even if it is a prerequisite for a role, the degree can usually be in any subject.

Chartered Accountant and Management Accountant are both two of the most popular professional designations in the field of accounting:

• Chartered Accountants would typically work for a Chartered Accountant practice and work with multiple clients and conduct audits, record and report on financial trends and offer business advice.
• Management Accountants  work within one organisation looking to its future financial plans.

Within chartered accountancy, the Big Four (Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC) recruit high numbers of graduates each year. There are also a significant number of other large firms that recruit into training positions as well as small and medium-sized firms providing excellent opportunities for graduates.

Graduates will usually apply to work in a specific office and many firms, including the Big Four, have locations across the UK. There are good reasons to consider applying to the regional offices, for example, if you are interested in a particular industry or sector that is strongly represented in a region, this may well be served from the regional office. Tactically, although the largest offices tend to be in London, these attract the most competition and fill up fastest. This means that if you are looking for an entry level position later in the recruitment cycle, there will be more opportunities in regional offices – including offices close to London such as Cambridge, Crawley, Milton Keynes, Reading or St. Albans.

In management accountancy, large multinational organisations provide the most coveted training positions, with potential employers including the leading firms in water, gas, electricity, pharmaceuticals, retailing, consumer goods manufacturing and transport. There are also opportunities to train as an accountant in the public sector with various schemes, including those run by the Civil Service, local government and the NHS.

Types of Job

Chartered accountants.

The majority of trainee opportunities are in advisory (also called assurance or audit) and tax.

The role of an auditor is to ensure that a company’s statement of its financial position is a real reflection of its financial situation and reported in a ‘true and fair’ way. Auditors apply a critical eye to information and the explanations provided, and this could involve analysing both risk and systems within an organisation, testing financial information and consequently providing the client with advice on how these systems and areas of the business could be improved. Building close working relationships with clients is vital and Chartered Accountants may frequently work at the client's site(s) with people at all levels (including senior managers) within the client organisation.

Many career options open up to you after qualification. Do you continue to work in ‘practice’ and plot a career path to director/partner, or consider a move to financial services, public sector or industry? What size of company should you join? Whatever the options, a chartered accountancy qualification generally leaves you in a very marketable position.

Starting salaries for ICAEW Associate Chartered Accountant (ACA) trainees vary widely, with larger firms tending to offer higher salaries. Pay is also affected by the sector in which you work and office location. Expect starting salaries between £28-£38,000, and salaries can increase during the course of your training. On qualifying, new accountants earn £30-£53,000 (£40-57,000 in corporate tax), rising to £54-79,000 for accountants with two-to-four years’ experience. Directors' pay, including bonus, can be upwards of £110,000. ( Stated salary information for guidance only: see www.ICAEW.com for current information) .

Management accountants

Management accountants tend to work within an individual organisation, with a focus more on the financial future of that organisation. This work is likely to involve:

• forecasting, and preparing financial statements so the business can make financially informed decisions
• auditing internal systems to improve the many processes that impact on major corporate costs
• advising on improving business performance
• providing input on strategic planning
• providing financial advice to various management functions
• engaging with multi-disciplinary projects that require financial planning.

Management accountancy can be a great stepping-stone to strategic, general management within even the largest multinational businesses, and a number of large organisations in the UK have former financial directors managing them. Although post-qualification routes differ, most management accountants will seek to advance within their organisation or sector as their experience grows, with a view to becoming a senior manager, finance director or chief financial officer (CFO). An alternative route is to transfer to financial management consultancy and put your experience to use advising others.

Starting salaries for management accountant trainees also vary widely, with larger firms again offering higher initial salaries. The average starting salary is £29,000, rising to around £35,000 for a part qualified CIMA student. A year after qualifying, the average salary for fully qualified CIMA accountants is £47,500 – rising to an average of over £63,000 plus bonus. Some industries will pay trainees higher, notably in the legal and banking sectors  [Source: 2019 Association of International Certified Professional Accountants Salary Survey ] .

Other options: specialist areas and smaller firms

A number of large and medium-sized firms recruit into specialised fields beyond audit and tax. These opportunities can provide highly attractive career paths and personal development. These specialisms may include:

• Business recovery and insolvency
• Business advisory and corporate finance
• Financial reporting and enterprise risk analysis
• Forensic accounting

Within a larger firm, you might have the option to start within a specialism or to specialise later after qualification, whilst at a smaller firm you may train either as a specialist or gain experience across more than one of these fields.

Big firms with multiple offices do not suit everyone, and there are both opportunities and benefits that can come from training with a medium sized, independent firm. Graduate trainees will study for the same professional qualifications and should expect the same quality of training, which is usually delivered by specialist external training providers. Trainees at smaller firms can also expect a similar level of commitment and support from their employer in provision of study leave and residential learning for some parts of the training. Other benefits that come from working with a smaller firm can include:

• exposure to a wider variety of clients in more industries
• the chance to gain experience across more than one of the fields or practice rather than being expected to to specialise from the start
• you may get more direct experience of working with partners and senior managers in the early part of your career.

Independent medium-sized and smaller firms can also be a good option for graduates who have a particular interest in working in a particular region or city (outside London and the SE). They may also be a good option if you wish to develop a career in specialist field. There are, for example, independent firms that have developed a client portfolio focused around working within the media, TV and film sector, or who have strengths in the publishing sector (including private client work for authors and writers) or the arts, museums and heritage fields.

Entry Points

There are two key aspects to becoming a chartered accountant:

• Completion of a three-year training agreement - with an Authorised Training Employer (ATE) or Authorised Training Offices (ATOS). Graduates usually gain this training by securing a training contract with a ATE or ATOS,
• Successful completion of the qualification (ACCA, ACA or CIMA) - The employer will decide which professional qualification you will study for, depending both on the area of specialism and on how training can be integrated with peaks and troughs in the working year.

When researching roles and qualifications, it can be important to consider carefully the type of study method to which you are best suited before applying to specific roles.

Employer support is typically provided in the form of financial support and time off to attend the courses. The time provided varies, with some employers expecting you to attend either evening or weekend classes in your own time, but most will provide some form of revision time and leave for exams.

Graduates entering finance roles in public sector organisations (e.g. central and local government, or the health services or policing) may study for a professional qualification with the UK-based Chartered Institute of Public Finance Accountants (CIPFA)   This is the only accountancy membership and standard-setting body that is globally dedicated to public financial management. Its services support their members internationally with the goal to ensure public money is raised and spent with the highest degree of openness.

Differences between the courses

• The ACA (From the ICAEW: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales , the Associate Chartered Accountant) is a unitary qualification, with every trainee doing the same subjects all the way through the curriculum.
• By contrast, ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) graduates can specialise early on in study.
• Those looking to undertake training as a management accountant will usually complete the  Chartered Institute of Management Accountancy (CIMA)  qualifications.

Skills and Experience

Skills needed.

Both chartered and management accountancy require the following broad range of competencies and skills:

• A genuine interest in finance – and an interest and ability to work with figures
• Commercial awareness – an interest in business, and an understanding of how current political/legislative/financial issues may impact their field or industry sector
• Communication and interpersonal skills – the ability to communicate complex information clearly and to build relationships with clients at all levels
• The capacity to demonstrate team working
• Leadership and negotiation skills
• Problem-solving and analytic skills
• The stamina and commitment to combine working long hours and study, in the early years
• Presentation skills, report writing and attention to detail.

Whilst at university you may want to take on a role with a club or society that involves financial responsibilities, and which will allow you to develop and demonstrate relevant skills. For example, acting as Treasurer for a sports club, or looking after the finances for an event or fundraiser. See our advice on  Employability Skills  for ideas about how to enhance your skills.

To develop your commercial awareness, read the financial press and review helpful websites such as  eFinancialCareers , and relevant online blogs. The Careers Service’s  Insight into Strategy and Management  programme offers a short and accessible introduction to the language and practice of business management: we run this programme most months, and you can register on  CareerConnect . 

Work experience

It can be very beneficial to get relevant work experience. This gives you gain a better understanding of the work, builds skills and enhances your CV. Perhaps more importantly, it also lets you assess whether you are likely to enjoy the work and culture of the organisation(s). 

It is possible for students to organise their own work experience, for example, in the finance department of a local business or by approaching accountancy firms near where you live to arrange some work-shadowing. Oxford students may also find finance related work experience through our Micro-Internship Programme , which runs every term. 

However, companies make a priority to provide students with planned work experience opportunities at sixth form and throughout their degree programmes.

• First years (and second year students taking a four-year degree) can apply to Easter vacation ‘insight days’ and ‘Spring Weeks’ during Michaelmas term and January
• Summer internships are widely available, particularly for students in their penultimate year of study.
• Although not possible with any Oxford degrees, many degrees will allow students to take a paid 12-month placement 'year in industry'.

Spring Weeks

Many companies run insights days and spring weeks for students who are 2+ years from graduating (i.e. first year undergraduates, and second-year students taking a four-year degree). These are part of the firm’s ‘early talent identification’ programmes, and a successful spring-week will often provide a fast-track option to interviews for a summer internship in the student’s penultimate year, which in turn can lead to a full-time job offer. All students attending spring weeks can expect:

• to learn more about different business streams within the company
• to meet senior staff and recent hires to learn more about their perspective and experiences, and
• to receive some technical skills development and advice on applications and interview practice.

Summer Internships

Even without taking advantage of the spring week route, there are always many positions available for the penultimate year internships. These may run for 6 to 12 weeks, providing a much fuller experience of a firm, its work and culture. A successful summer internship will often lead to a full-time job offer from the firm, with a start date for the autumn after graduation.

Expect to make applications from September to January/February for work experience the following summer. See advice on preparing for better applications in the  Getting a Job  section (below). 

Start your research early to give yourself the best chance of finding the work experience you want, with your preferred organisation and location. 

• Use the ACCA global, ICAEW, ICAS and CIMA websites to research and find target companies
• Use your target firms’ dedicated recruitment pages to drive your research, keep track of vacancies and applications dates and sign-up for email alerts
• Follow firms on social media to hear about events, understand the experiences of their recent graduate hires and understand their culture
• In addition to companies’ own career pages, use the vacancies board on  CareerConnect  and graduate career website to find additional vacancies and information.

Internet-based research provides access to the same information marketing information that all candidates can access. Plan to go beyond this be meeting the firms and talking with their graduate recruits. Use these conversations to learn about what the work is like and why graduates find it interesting and worthwhile. You should also try to understand what makes each firm distinctive, including their work culture so that your application can begin to project how your personality, working style and attitudes are likely to be a good ‘fit’ for that firm.

Expect to meet firms and their representative early in Oxford's Michaelmas term, when companies visit their target UK universities to promote themselves and their graduate opportunities (the annual 'Milkround'). In addition to participating in our career fairs the larger employers will run their own events. Students should plan to:

• Attend the annual Oxford Career Fair, Finance Fair (both in 0th Week Michaelmas term) and Jobs for Mathematicians (in 6th Week): all in person in 2022.
• Stay on top of firms’ national marketing and their on-campus activity at Oxford through their webpages and Oxford’s event calendar on  CareerConnect .

If you have missed the autumn recruitment season, all is not lost. There will be work experience opportunities available well into the new year and spring months, although you can expect to have less choice about the locations and roles being offering.

Will I get paid?

Internships and summer jobs are governed in the UK by National Minimum Wage law, which means that if you are carrying out activities that class you as a “worker” by the employer, then you should be paid. Full details of  Employment Rights and Pay for Interns  are published by the government.

If you are undertaking a learning and development opportunity such as a micro-internship, or volunteering for a charity or statutory body, or shadowing or observing, then you may not be eligible for the National Minimum Wage. The organisation may reimburse you for your travel and/or lunch expenses, but they aren’t obliged to do so.

Making an early start

The ICAEW provides current students with an online toolkit to help them develop commercial awareness and which provides advice and opportunities to start preparations. This includes the opportunity to study at your own pace for the ICAEW’s Certificate in Finance, Accounting and Business ( CFAB ). This certificate programme covers the first six modules of the ACA professional qualification: Accounting; Business and Finance; Management Information; Law; Assurance; and Principles of Taxation.

See the  ICAEW’s Improve your Employability  advice pages. 

Getting a Job

Most full-time graduate entry vacancies in the finance sector will open in July or August in a student's penultimate summer, more than a year before anticipated start dates. It is a good idea to undertake your research and apply early because most companies accept applications on a rolling basis, evaluating candidates and going through to make offers as applications are received.

See the advice in the  Skills and Experience  section (above) for details of:

• the opportunities for first-, second- and penultimate-year students to get work experience, from insight days to summer internships
• ideas about preparing to make well-researched applications, meeting firms and recent hires.   

Companies’ own recruitment webpages provide a wealth of information about the firms, the different types of roles they are hiring for and the training available in each stream. You will be expected to have researched the different roles in deciding which position to apply for. To help you with your choices, firms often have short videos of graduate trainees talking about their experiences, and they may also offer questionnaires that can help you find which roles best match your personality and preferences. Use these resources to support your choices and make well targeted applications. Also make good use of the Careers Service’s online job search and application  guidance and consider meeting with a careers adviser to discuss your ideas and questions or to get feedback on any aspect of the recruitment process.

In addition to having offices in multiple global locations, some of the world’s biggest firms also run UK based programmes for students of specific nationalities aimed, for example, at Chinese nationals or Mandarin speakers, or students with ability in Japanese. Check the companies’ own recruitment websites to find current programmes and opportunities.

Smaller firms traditionally recruit a little later – but again, do make applications as early as possible. Often, such organisations advertise vacancies on the websites of the professional bodies – most notably the ICAEW and ACCA and Association of Practising Accountants (APA) – but some do not advertise outside their locality. If you are interested in working in a particular town/city, make speculative enquiries to accountants based there to identify those that offer trainee positions.

Management accountancy roles are generally advertised from September, and some deadlines as early as November. Check out the various graduate directories, such as the  Prospects Directory ,  Times Top 100 Graduate Employers  and  TARGETjobs  for vacancies. Some management accounting opportunities are advertised later in the year, usually for roles in smaller companies.

Each professional accounting association also has its own, regularly updated vacancy bulletin aimed at students considering accountancy, so look for these and register for updates and alerts where you can.

Many firms will ask you to complete an application form rather than submitting a CV and cover letter. The questions asked tend to relate closely to the skills and attributes mentioned earlier, and can be both competency and strengths based. See our guidance on writing  CVs ,  cover letters   and  application forms  as appropriate, and you can review your draft applications with a careers adviser to identify what else you can add to provide that extra level of impact.

Companies will want to understand your motivation for applying to accountancy, your interest in finance and business generally, and why you wish to join their organisation in particular. We have had feedback from firms that a surprisingly large number of Oxford students do not get through the initial screen as they fail to demonstrate their motivation and drive sufficiently their application form. To create the right impression each application needs to be well researched and properly targeted to the individual firm, so make sure that you demonstrate not only an understanding of the role and the qualifications you will take, but also the reasons you are attracted to the individual company itself.

Most companies will also use aptitude tests as part of the selection process. Attend one of our online seminars about preparing for online test or use our separate briefing on  Psychometric Tests  for advice on preparation and practice, and to learn how current students can access free practice tests through the Careers Service.

External Resources

Professional bodies.

• Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
• Institute of Chartered Accountants Scotland
• Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
• Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accounting
• TIAG   – A worldwide alliance of independent accounting firms: look here to identify firms to research if you have a focus on a specific country or region.

Vacancies and occupational information

• Prospects  – a national graduate careers website
• TARGETjobs  – a national graduate careers website
• Gradcracker  a national graduate careers website for STEM subject students
• Inside Careers – Chartered Accountancy online resources and (separately) City and Finance
• Accountancy Age Journal  – This also has an extensive job page
• eFinancialCareers.com  - news, advice and vacancies

Through your membership of the Bodleian Library you are able to access a multitude of journals and newspapers free of charge. For this sector, consider International Accountant, the Financial Times, The Economist and The Actuary.

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion

Recruiters are keen to have a diverse workforce, and many will have policies and processes that are proactive in recruiting students and graduates from diverse backgrounds. An increasing number of recruiters are offering traineeships, internships and insight events that are aimed at specific groups and many are being recognised for their approach to being inclusive employers.

Try the following to discover more about the policies and attitudes of the recruiters that you are interested in:

• Read their equality, diversity and inclusion policy
• Search their website to see if they have any specific staff networks
• Look for external accreditation such as whether they are a  Disability Confident employer , a  Stonewall Diversity Champion  or part of the  Mindful Employer charter promoting mental health at work
• Check to see if they are partnering with organisations such as Rare Recruitment , SEO London , MyPlus Students' Club , EmployAbility or one of the many other organisations that are working for specific communities
• Explore what they do to celebrate diversity on their Facebook and Twitter pages

The UK Equality Act 2010 has a number of protected characteristics to prevent discrimination due to your age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or beliefs, sex or sexual orientation. For further information, visit the Equality and Human Rights Commission’s webpage on the Equality Act and the Government’s webpages on discrimination .

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• PhD Programs

Accounting & Management

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• Program Requirements

Accounting & Management

Curriculum & coursework.

Our programs are full-time degree programs which officially begin in August. Students are expected to complete their program in five years. Typically, the first two years are spent on coursework, at the end of which students take a field exam, and then another three years on dissertation research and writing.

Students in the Accounting and Management program must complete a minimum of 13 semester-long doctoral courses in the areas of business management theory, economic theory, quantitative research methods, academic field seminars, and two MBA elective curriculum courses. In addition to HBS courses, students may take courses at other Harvard Schools and MIT.

Research & Dissertation

Students in accounting and management begin research in their first year typically by working with a faculty member. By their third and fourth years, most students are launched on a solid research and publication stream. In Accounting and Management, the dissertation may take the form of three publishable papers or one longer dissertation.

Recent questions students have explored include: the ways in which managers use retail-level marketing actions to influence the timing of consumer purchases in relation to their firms’ fiscal calendars and financial performance as well as those of their competitors; the role of accounting information in strategic human resource decisions; the evolution, consequences and institutional determinants of unregulated financial reporting practices; the effects of adopting rolling forecasts on forecast quality.

Elliot Tobin

“ I’m constantly inspired to look into new research angles by the brilliant people I run into on campus every day. ”

Current HBS Faculty

• Brian K. Baik
• Dennis Campbell
• Srikant M. Datar
• Aiyesha Dey
• Susanna Gallani
• Gunther Glenk
• Brian J. Hall
• Jonas Heese
• Robert S. Kaplan
• V.G. Narayanan
• Trung Nguyen
• Joseph Pacelli
• Lynn S. Paine
• Krishna G. Palepu
• Ananth Raman
• Edward J. Riedl
• Clayton S. Rose
• Ethan C. Rouen
• Tatiana Sandino
• David S. Scharfstein
• George Serafeim
• Anywhere Sikochi
• Robert Simons
• Eugene F. Soltes
• Suraj Srinivasan
• Adi Sunderam
• Charles C.Y. Wang
• Emily Williams

Current Accounting & Management Students

• Ji Ho Kim
• Yiwei Li
• Trang Nguyen
• Konstantin Pavlenkov
• Ria Sen
• Terrence Shi
• Albert Shin
• Elliot Tobin
• Wenxin Wang
• Siyu Zhang

Current HBS Faculty & Students by Interest

Recent placement, yaxuan chen, 2024, hashim zaman, 2022, wei cai, 2020, matthew shaffer, 2019, botir kobilov, 2024, patrick ferguson, 2021, jihwon park, 2020, wilbur chen, 2022, alexandra scherf, 2021, jody grewal, 2019.

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PhD Accounting

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Entry requirements

Fees and funding.

• What's next?

This PhD programme gives you the opportunity to develop new insight into accounting and accountability processes with a view to influencing policy and practice. It is open to those who have previous experience in academic research in accounting.

You can follow a traditional thesis approach, where you write a dissertation reflecting on contemporary problems facing the world of accounting, or you may decide to produce a 'three paper' thesis. This consists of a number of research articles, framed by an introduction and conclusion. Your supervisors support you to submit these papers to conferences and for publication in international journals, so you can begin to build you international research portfolio well before graduation.

You study at Essex Business School (EBS), world-renowned for research on governance, the impact of auditing and the effect of accounting practices in a globalised world. As one of the few centres of Excellence for Critical Accounting Practices, we explore alternative aspects of accounting through a social science lens. We champion issues such as responsible management, sustainability and global development, business ethics and social responsibility, producing cutting-edge research that aims to make organisations better places to do business.

Essex Business School is the largest department at the University of Essex and is ranked in the top 200 for Accounting and Finance in the QS World University Rankings by Subject (2022). We are home to cutting-edge researchers, such as Emeritus Professor Prem Sikka , who is regularly cited in the national and international media for his work calling businesses who avoid tax to account. We help you to develop new transferable skills, enhance your professional development and build a network of invaluable contacts from across academia and the private, public and third sectors.

Our accounting research centres, Essex Accounting Centre and BAFA Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies , organise seminars throughout the year. These give you access to the latest academic thinking and the opportunity to network with colleagues and visiting scholars from across the world. You also have the opportunity to present your work at our PhD conference each year.

You may decide to study on a full or part-time basis and we also offer an Mphil and a Masters by dissertation in this subject. If you would like to undertake a doctoral degree in accounting, but do not have a Masters degree, you might want to consider our integrated option .

You may also be eligible for a PhD scholarship.

• We are ranked in the Top 175 for Business and Economics in THE World University Rankings by Subject 2024.
• We’re in the top 200 globally for accounting and finance in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024.
• We maintain strong links with professional accounting bodies, such as ACCA, ICAEW and CIMA.

Our expert staff

At Essex Business School, you benefit from world-class supervision and research training conducted by our senior academic staff such as Dr Pawan Adhikari . Pawan is a Senior Lecturer in Accounting. His expertise lies within public sector accounting, and his contemporary research follows two distinct directions: a contribution to accounting theory and promoting impact research in emerging economies. His impact research has highlighted the issues that emerging economies are facing while improving their accounting/accountability practices and is widely used in policymaking. He serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management and in 2019, he was awarded the best postgraduate supervisor at the faculty level.

Our department boasts eight research centres across our two campuses.

Dr Louise Nash and Director of Postgraduate Research at Essex Business School oversees and leads the provision of our graduate research programmes and ensures that we create an environment where our doctoral students can flourish as researchers in a thriving and mutually supportive PhD community.

Louise is a lecturer in Management and Marketing and completed her PhD Management at Essex. She has extensive management and marketing experience which has influenced her research interests – these focus on interpretative, qualitative studies of the lived experience of work, including: the spatial and temporal rhythms of everyday life; the culture, aesthetics and symbolism of organisational life; gender in the workplace and exploring and developing sensory and embodied methods for researching organisations.

You work with two supervisors during your studies. They provide guidance and support to help you achieve your individual research goals, develop your research topic and create a personalised training plan. You meet with your supervisors at least once a month and are usually required to submit work in advance for feedback. Twice a year, you have a supervisory board meeting to discuss your progress and agree your plans for the next six months.

As well as supporting you to complete your thesis, your supervisors can help you to plan your career development. Our academics often co-author publications with doctoral students and can help you to develop the transferable skills needed for the jobs market.

Take a look at our staff pages to find out more about our areas of supervision.

Specialist facilities

PhD Accounting is based at our Colchester Campus , in the UK's first zero carbon business school building. The building reflects our commitment to sustainability and our pledge to promote business ethics in line with the UN Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) .

You benefit from excellent research facilities , such as:

• a dedicated postgraduate study area, offering PC access and a quiet place for conducting research
• Graduate Teaching Assistant (GTA) pods, providing office space for GTAs to meet with students
• a virtual trading floor, complete with industry-standard software
• access to databases such as Bloomberg, Compustat, Passport GMID, Bankscope and Datastream
• e-book finance and business packages to support part-time and distance learning (including Ebrary, NetLibrary, Oxford Scholarship Online, Palgrave Connect and SpringerLink)
• final year students are provided with office space to encourage successful thesis completion innovation booths for group-working, situated in our stunning winter garden
• Bonds café with adjacent sun terrace
• study skills support for postgraduate students, such as help with the University library, research databases, literature reviews and presentation skills

The University library is a short walk from our building and our Colchester Campus has ample IT labs.

Across the road from our building, buses take you to Colchester town centre and the railway station, where you can take trains directly to London. London Stansted airport is just over an hour away, providing connections to mainland Europe.

Your future

Our doctoral graduates hold academic positions in top universities around the world, and organisations in the public and private sectors. Our PhD programmes are designed to foster the business leaders and researchers of the future who use creativity, innovation and ethical awareness to meet the many challenges facing the international business world.

The University's Employability and Careers Centre can provide careers advice, with Essex Business School also providing employability support , such as CV workshops, one-to-one advice and career resources.

“At Essex you are encouraged to think outside the box and do things unconventionally. This gave me a great opportunity to bring together two aspects of critical study that wouldn’t have been possible anywhere else.” Anne Steinhoff - PhD Accounting

UK entry requirements

International & eu entry requirements.

We accept a wide range of qualifications from applicants studying in the EU and other countries. Get in touch with any questions you may have about the qualifications we accept. Remember to tell us about the qualifications you have already completed or are currently taking.

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English language requirements

Course structure.

A research degree doesn't have a taught structure, giving you the chance to investigate your chosen topic in real depth and reach a profound understanding. In communicating that understanding, through a thesis or other means, you have a rare opportunity to generate knowledge. A research degree allows you to develop new high-level skills, enhance your professional development and build new networks. It can open doors to many careers.

We understand that deciding where and what to study is a very important decision for you. We'll make all reasonable efforts to provide you with the courses, services and facilities as described on our website. However, if we need to make material changes, for example due to significant disruption, such as in response to COVID-19, we'll let our applicants and students know as soon as possible.

Components are the blocks of study that make up your course. A component may have a set module which you must study, or a number of modules from which you can choose.

Each component has a status and carries a certain number of credits towards your qualification.

The modules that are available for you to choose for each component will depend on several factors, including which modules you have chosen for other components, which modules you have completed in previous years of your course, and which term the module is taught in.

Modules are the individual units of study for your course. Each module has its own set of learning outcomes and assessment criteria and also carries a certain number of credits.

In most cases you will study one module per component, but in some cases you may need to study more than one module. For example, a 30-credit component may comprise of either one 30-credit module, or two 15-credit modules, depending on the options available.

Modules may be taught at different times of the year and by a different department or school to the one your course is primarily based in. You can find this information from the module code . For example, the module code HR100-4-FY means:

COMPONENT 01: COMPULSORY

Research skills are critical to a postgraduate research degree, regardless of the topic you are exploring. This module will reinforce the research methods and skills developed through your previous study and will address philosophical issues underlying management and business research and explain how to select research strategies and designs. It will offer a comprehensive view of methods of data collection and analysis to support the quality and value of research outcomes.

View Essex Business School - Research on our Module Directory

You begin your studies by meeting with your supervisors and undertaking an intensive induction programme. You attend advanced research methods training and undertake compulsory modules tailored to your individual research needs.

Throughout your PhD, you have regular meetings with your supervisors. You are often asked to write up your ideas or reading notes to help establish good writing practices. By the end of your first year of research, you should have a solid understanding of the key debates in your field and have defined your research questions, outlining your original contribution to knowledge. Our finance students are also expected to have made substantial progress on their first research paper. Those studying via the integrated PhD route (or 1+3) will have completed an additional year to obtain a Masters before beginning their research.

In your second year, you are likely to finalise the design of your own research project and either collect primary data, or access and analyse large scale datasets. You may also make progress on your second research paper. You receive regular feedback on your ideas and findings from your supervisors and are encouraged to develop your own research ideas independently during this year. If you are undertaking fieldwork in another location, your supervisors will still be in touch via email or Skype.

In your final year, you continue to analyse your own research data and further refine your original contribution to knowledge. You will collate your work into a approximately 50-80k words thesis. Our finance students are also expected to make substantial progress on their third research paper.

You may attend a number of conferences in your final year to test out your research findings and thesis on an international stage. Your attendance may be funded by Essex Business School. As well as advising on how to prepare your thesis for examination, your supervisors can advise on future career plans in academia or industry.

Dissertation

Creating a 50-80k word thesis is a significant task. To help you finalise your PhD and produce high quality doctoral research, we have a number of support mechanisms.

You undertake a progress board every six months, where you, your supervisors and an independent chair mark your progress and set objectives for the next period. You are also encouraged to take part in peer group debates and discussions.

Our full-time doctorates are 36 month programmes. At the end of this time, you may be allowed up to 12 months to finish writing up your PhD.

Once you have submitted your thesis, you will be asked to attend a Viva Voce examination with examiners from within and outside of the University. A viva voce examination usually takes place within three months of submission of thesis.

Home/UK fee

£4,786 per year

International fee

£18,750 per year

Fees will increase for each academic year of study.

Masters fees and funding information

Research (e.g. PhD) fees and funding information

What's next

We hold Open Days for all our applicants throughout the year. Our Colchester Campus events are a great way to find out more about studying at Essex, and give you the chance to:

• tour our campus and accommodation
• find out answers to your questions about our courses, graduate employability, student support and more
• talk to our Fees and Funding team about scholarship opportunities
• meet our students and staff

If the dates of our organised events aren’t suitable for you, feel free to get in touch by emailing [email protected] and we’ll arrange an individual campus tour for you.

2024 Open Days (Colchester Campus)

• Saturday 15 June 2024 - June Open Day
• Saturday 21 September 2024 - September Open Day
• Saturday 26 October 2024 - October Open Day

You can apply for this postgraduate course online . Before you apply, please check our information about necessary documents that we'll ask you to provide as part of your application.

We encourage you to make a preliminary enquiry directly to a potential supervisor or the Graduate Administrator within your chosen Department or School. We encourage the consideration of a brief research proposal prior to the submission of a full application.

We aim to respond to applications within four weeks. If we are able to offer you a place, you will be contacted via email.

For information on our deadline to apply for this course, please see our ‘ how to apply ' information.

Visit Colchester Campus

Set within 200 acres of  award-winning  parkland - Wivenhoe Park  and located two miles from the  historic city centre of Colchester – England's oldest recorded development. Our Colchester Campus is also easily reached from London and Stansted Airport in under one hour.

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If you live too far away to come to Essex (or have a busy lifestyle), no problem. Our 360 degree virtual tour allows you to explore the Colchester Campus from the comfort of your home. Check out our accommodation options, facilities and social spaces.

At Essex we pride ourselves on being a welcoming and inclusive student community. We offer a wide range of support to individuals and groups of student members who may have specific requirements, interests or responsibilities.

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The full Procedures, Rules and Regulations of the University governing how it operates are set out in the Charter, Statutes and Ordinances and in the University Regulations, Policy and Procedures.

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The Accounting …

The Accounting PhD pathway

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Master of Research (MRes)

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The Accounting group at Cambridge Judge Business School has vast international experience and diverse research interests, centred around how business managers utilise information to make strategic decisions and how public companies report financial and non-financial information to key stakeholders.

Our faculty are committed to helping prepare and advise our students to complete the programme and take positions at leading research-based universities.

The pathway

To start on the Accounting pathway you must take one of the following 9-month masters programmes:

• Research areas What we expect from you What you can expect from us PhD supervisors
• What we expect from you Research areas What you can expect from us PhD supervisors
• What you can expect from us Research areas What we expect from you PhD supervisors
• PhD supervisors Research areas What we expect from you What you can expect from us

Research areas

Research by the Accounting group focuses on the creation, dissemination, attestation, interpretation, use, and governance of financial and environmental, social, and governance information.

Our key research areas include:

• financial reporting standard setting
• international financial reporting
• strategic management decisions
• performance management
• target setting
• management control
• corporate and university governance
• executive compensation and incentives
• insider trading
• audit and earnings quality
• sell-side analysts
• early stage entity accounting
• accounting for financial institutions
• environmental, social, and governance reporting
• fair value accounting
• disinformation

What we expect from you

We seek students interested in becoming academic researchers in leading universities.

You will need to have a first-class bachelors degree or equivalent. In some cases you will need to have a masters degree from a highly regarded university, and to have performed within the top 5% of your class.

For more details, please see the academic requirements for the:

What you can expect from us

You will be regarded as a junior member of a research-driven and very collaborative group of scholars. Our faculty have published their work in all top journals in accounting (and in some other business-related areas) and are committed to leveraging on their experience and expertise to mentor students and collaborate with them in research projects for publication in top academic outlets.

The size of the programme will be strategically kept small to allow for the level of attention we intend to devote to our students.

PhD supervisors

You will be allocated a principal supervisor within your pathway. A senior academic, often a Professor or Associate Professor, they will guide you through the programme, help you to succeed in the job market and assist you in gaining a faculty position at a leading business school. Your principal supervisor will take an active role in your research programme. During the PhD, they will assemble a group of faculty (your advisory committee), and members of this team will co-author papers with you.

For this pathway, view the research interests of these faculty that may serve as principal supervisor:

Associate Professor in Accounting

Read more about jenny.

Research interests

Jenny Chu researches stock markets and financial information disclosure (earnings quality and capital market reactions to accounting information); sell-side analysts; management incentives and compensation; gender diversity..

View Jenny's profile

Alan Jagolinzer

Professor of financial accounting, read more about alan.

Alan Jagolinzer researches financial reporting; international accounting; corporate governance; executive compensation and incentives; insider trading.

View Alan's profile

Rafael Rogo

Professor of accounting, read more about rafael.

Rafael Rogo researches financial reporting; information economics; regulatory oversight; sell-side analysts.

View Rafael's profile

PhD advisory team

Dr Sarah Kroechert and Dr Marion Boisseau-Sierra  are available to join a PhD advisory team.

Accounting faculty

Learn more about the faculty that teach on this pathway.

Learn more about the Accounting subject group

Learn more about the application process and deadlines

Explore fees and funding options

Contact the admissions team

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Course type

Qualification, university name, phd degrees in financial management and accounting.

71 degrees at 48 universities in the UK.

Customise your search

Select the start date, qualification, and how you want to study

Related subjects:

• PhD Financial Management and Accounting
• PhD Accounting
• PhD Finance and Accounting
• PhD Financial Analysis
• PhD Financial Management
• PhD Financial Modelling

• Course title (A-Z)
• Course title (Z-A)
• Price: high - low
• Price: low - high

Law, Accounting and Finance PhD

University of gloucestershire.

What is Law, Accounting and Finance As a research degree candidate, you’ll be supported by a supervisory team with expertise in your Read more...

• 4 years Full time degree: £5,100 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £3,400 per year (UK)

Economics, Accounting or Finance PhD

Oxford brookes university.

Economics is a broad discipline that helps us understand historical trends by studying the past, interpret today’s major challenges and Read more...

• 3 years Distance without attendance degree
• 4 years Distance without attendance degree
• 3 years Full time degree: £4,712 per year (UK)
• 4 years Part time degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

PhD Finance and Management

Soas university of london.

Graduate students in the PhD programme of the School of Finance and Management study towards the University of London PhD. To be Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,860 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £2,430 per year (UK)

PhD Finance

University of hull.

The Hull University Business School provides an inspirational environment for researchers in the early stages of their careers. We offer Read more...

• 5 years Part time degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

Finance - PhD

University of kent.

PhD students within the Accounting & Finance Department address academically interesting and practical contemporary issues in Finance and Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,786 per year (UK)
• 5 years Part time degree: £2,393 per year (UK)

Accounting and Finance, MPhil/PhD

The greenwich business school, university of greenwich.

Our higher research degree (MPhil/PhD) allows you to undertake rigorous and critical exploration of a specific area in accounting or Read more...

• 1.5 years Full time degree
• 2.5 years Part time degree

Accounting and Finance PhD

University of liverpool management school, university of liverpool.

Our Accounting and Finance PhD aims to develop world-class researchers, specialised in building theory and producing valuable insight into Read more...

• 2 years Full time degree: £4,712 per year (UK)

PhD in Finance

Bayes business school (formerly cass business school), city, university of london.

About the PhD in Finance programme On the PhD in Finance programme, you have the opportunity to join a thriving and international Read more...

• 4 years Full time degree: £4,880 per year (UK)

PhD Computational Finance

University of essex.

We offer research supervision for our PhD Computational Finance in the following fields agent-based modelling of financial markets; Read more...

• 4 years Full time degree: £4,786 per year (UK)
• 7 years Part time degree: £2,393 per year (UK)

University of Glasgow

Our thriving body of PhD students are currently researching finance, market reactions to accounting, management accounting and control, Read more...

Management PhD, MPhil - Economics, Finance and Accounting

University of leicester.

The School of Business offers supervision for the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) - full-time campus based, part-time campus based Read more...

• 6 years Distance without attendance degree: £3,942 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £2,393 per year (UK)

Finance and Accounting PhD

Newcastle university.

Our Accounting and Finance PhD programme aims to develop rigorous scholars who can advance both academic knowledge and business Read more...

• 36 months Full time degree: £4,712 per year (UK)
• 72 months Part time degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

University of Plymouth

Exploring the major challenges in today’s global financial markets and institutions and corporate ventures, PhD Finance will provide you Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,500 per year (UK)
• 4 years Part time degree: £3,030 per year (UK)

PhD/MPhil Accounting & finance

University of strathclyde.

We provide research training in both accounting and finance which will prepare you for a demanding career as an academic a professional Read more...

Economics and Finance PhD

Brunel university london.

Research profile Our research is broadly focused in our five research groups Economic Development and Institutions, Empirical Finance, Read more...

• 6 years Part time degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

MPhil/PhD (Law / Accounting & Finance)

University of south wales.

A PhD is a doctoral degree based on a significant and original individual research project which culminates in an in-depth thesis (or Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,716 per year (UK)
• 5 years Part time degree: £2,358 per year (UK)

Aberystwyth University

Members of staff are always happy to discuss possible PhD and MPhil research programmes in Accounting with suitably qualified graduates. Read more...

Finance PhDs and MPhils

University of portsmouth.

If you're interesting in taking your existing expertise in Finance into a postgraduate research degree, Portsmouth is the perfect place to Read more...

MPhil/PhD Accounting, Finance and Banking

Manchester metropolitan university.

STRUCTURE This course is research based. You will independently conduct research into your own topic or a topic that we advertise. Your Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,850 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree

PhD/MPhil/MSc Finance (Research)

University of birmingham.

The PhD/MPhil/MSc in Finance comprises a short taught component followed by a longer research phase. Taught modules allow you to broaden, Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,778 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £2,389 per year (UK)

1-20 of 71 courses

Course type:

• Distance learning PhD
• Full time PhD
• Part time PhD

Qualification:

Universities:.

• University of Warwick
• ICMA Centre (University of Reading)
• Cardiff University
• Heriot-Watt University
• University of Buckingham
• University of Sussex
• The University of Edinburgh
• Imperial College Business School
• University of Aberdeen
• University of Reading
• London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London
• University of Lincoln
• Sheffield Hallam University
• University of St Andrews
• Anglia Ruskin University
• University of Oxford
• University of Manchester
• Lancaster University
• Queen's University Belfast
• Swansea University

Related Subjects:

PhD with Integrated Study in Accounting entry requirements

Admission to our doctoral programmes are highly competitive. While academic credentials are important for a successful application we also pay great attention to the fit of students to both the programme and the research interests of our academic faculty.

Apply early. Supervisors can accept students on a first-come, first-served basis, and the programme may close early if it reaches capacity.

Full details of the Academic, English Language, and Application Requirements for your application are detailed below.

Requirements

• English language
• Application

Applicants for the PhD with Integrated Study in Accounting should hold a postgraduate masters degree from an accredited institution in the UK or overseas, showing evidence of above-average academic achievement. This includes:

• a degree classification with a mark of 65% or more overall (University of Edinburgh level, or overseas equivalent).
• normally, a masters dissertation at the distinction level (University of Edinburgh level, or overseas equivalent)
• Applicants with a masters degree without a dissertation component worth a third of degree credits will require a distinction or equivalent.

If you do not have a masters degree you may still be considered if you have a UK undergraduate degree at a First, or international equivalent, with a mark of 70 or more in the dissertation module.

Applicants with significant industry experience (10+ years at a senior level) in the accounting sector, or with relevant professional qualifications, will be given due consideration on a case-by-case basis. However, these applicants must also have a minimum of a Bachelor's degree in accounting or a related discipline.

You must demonstrate English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies, regardless of your nationality or country of residence. You can do this either by providing an approved English certificate, or providing a degree certificate.

English language certificates

We accept the following English language qualifications as evidence when they meet the minimum grades:

• IELTS (International English Language Testing System) including IELTS Online: 7.0 (at least 6.0 in each section)
• Oxford ELLT Global and Digital: 9 overall (at least 7 in each component)
• TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 20 in each component. We do not accept TOEFL MyBest Score to meet our English language requirements.
• C1 Advanced (formerly CAE) and C2 Proficiency (formerly CPE) : total 185 (at least 169 in each module)
• Trinity ISE (Integrated Skills in English) : ISE III with a Pass in all four components
• PTE (Pearson Test of English) : total 70 (at least 59 in each section) (Please note that we have suspended acceptance of PTE Academic Online with immediate effect)

Your English language qualification must be no more than two years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using C1 Advanced and C2 Proficiency, in which case it can be no more than three and a half years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

For evidence of English competency we accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries.

• Approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old at the start of the month in which your programme of study begins.

More on English language requirements

In order to apply for a PhD you need to consider:

1. What is your research proposal?

Your research proposal

2. Who do you intend to work with while undertaking your research?

We strongly recommend you make contact with a potential supervisor before applying. In your application, you must name your preferred supervisor (or up to 3 in order of preference) and the academic research area you wish to work in.

Choosing a supervisor and research area

3. Do you have the supporting documents needed for your application?

Required documents guidelines

Please be aware that only complete applications will be considered. Complete applications must contain all necessary documents, including a proposed supervisor or indicating a research group in the Business School.

Joining from overseas

If you are an international student, you may need to apply for permission to study in the UK. Our Edinburgh Global office provides information on immigration and visa requirements for students.

Immigration information

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DPhil in Information, Communication and the Social Sciences

• Entry requirements
• Funding and Costs

College preference

• How to Apply

About the course

The DPhil (doctoral) course in Information, Communication and the Social Sciences provides an opportunity for highly-qualified students to undertake innovative Internet-related research.

The Oxford Internet Institute's (OII) students work on multidisciplinary research across the social sciences. Many projects fit within the following broad themes:

• digital knowledge and culture
• digital politics and government
• education, wellbeing and digital life
• ethics and philosophy of information
• information geography and inequality
• digital policy and online security
• economics of information and the internet
• online platforms and social networks.

Over this three- to four-year course (six to eight years for the part-time course), students produce an important and original piece of scholarship that will make a significant contribution to the dynamic area of internet research. OII DPhil graduates have the qualities and transferable skills necessary to excel in teaching, research, policymaking or business.

Doctoral students at the OII address research questions from across a spectrum of disciplines. OII DPhil students anchor their research in disciplinary questions (in, for instance, politics or sociology), while also situating their research in broader social science theories and methods.  OII faculty are international leaders in their research fields, and their teaching and supervision reflect their innovative research. The diverse cohorts of doctoral students complement the strength of the course by providing a multidisciplinary peer network for students to engage in ideas, discussion and debate.

The DPhil course at the OII is also available on a part-time basis. The part-time course is spread over six to eight years of study and research. The part-time degree offers the flexibility of part-time study with the same high standards and requirements as the full-time DPhil course. The part-time DPhil also provides an excellent opportunity for professionals in high tech industries to undertake rigorous long-term research that may be relevant to their working life. Please visit the department website for further details on part-time doctoral study  or contact the Graduate Studies Assistant .

As a part-time student you will be required to attend seminars, supervision meetings and other obligations in Oxford for a minimum of 30 days each year. Attendance will be required during term-time a minimum of one day each week. There will be limited flexibility in the dates and pattern of attendance, which will normally be determined by the fixed teaching and seminar schedule during term. Attendance may be required outside of term-time on dates to be determined by mutual agreement with your supervisor. You will have the opportunity to tailor your part-time study in liaison with your supervisor and agree your pattern of attendance.

Supervision

The allocation of graduate supervision for this course is the responsibility of the Oxford Internet Institute and it is not always possible to accommodate the preferences of incoming graduate students to work with a particular member of staff. Please see the full list of faculty members eligible to supervise DPhil students for this course. Under exceptional circumstances a supervisor may be found outside the Oxford Internet Institute. A supervisor may be found outside the list on the course web page, and co-supervision is also possible.

Students should normally expect to meet with their supervisor around three to four times a term.

The sequence of milestones for a DPhil student are as follows:

• Admission as a Probationer Research Student (PRS)
• Transfer to DPhil status (‘Transfer of Status’)
• Confirmation of DPhil status for DPhil students (‘Confirmation of Status’)
• Submission of thesis

All students will be initially admitted to the status of Probationer Research Student (PRS), during which time you will be required to attend and pass core modules from the OII’s training programme as directed by the Graduate Studies Committee. Students who have already completed similar courses in their past academic career can request an exemption from one or more modules by providing sufficient evidence. 

Within a maximum of four terms as a full-time PRS student or eight terms as a part-time PRS student, you will be expected to apply for, and achieve, transfer of status from Probationer Research Student to DPhil status. A successful transfer of status will require the student to show that their proposed thesis and treatment represents a viable topic and that their written work and interview show that they have a good knowledge and understanding of the subject. Students are also required to demonstrate satisfactory completion of the core modules by this point.

Following successful transfer, students will need to apply for and gain confirmation of DPhil status to show that the work continues to be on track. This will need to be completed within nine terms of admission for full-time students and eighteen terms of admission for part- time students.

Both milestones involve an interview with two assessors (other than your supervisor) and therefore provide important experience for the final oral examination.

Full-time students will be expected to submit an original thesis of not more than 100,000 words three or, at most, four years from the date of admission. If you are studying part-time, you be required to submit your thesis after six or, at most, eight years from the date of admission. To be successfully awarded a DPhil In Information, Communication and the Social Sciences you will need to defend your thesis orally (viva voce) in front of two appointed examiners.

Graduate destinations

The Oxford Internet Institute provides you with skills and opportunities in teaching, research, policymaking and business innovation. Employers recognise the value of a degree from the University of Oxford, and the OII's doctoral students regularly go on to secure excellent positions in academia, industry, government, and NGOs.

Alumni who have pursued academic careers have taken up research and teaching positions at the University of Oxford, Cornell University, University of Hong Kong, Imperial College London, Durham University, University of New South Wales, Coventry University, University of Leicester, University of Ottawa, and Michigan State University. OII DPhil alumni also work in wide-range of organizations including The World Bank, Open Technology Fund, Oxfam, Cisco, McKinsey and Google.

The  OII Alumni page  features interviews from both MSc and DPhil alumni about their time at the Department and career paths after Oxford.

Changes to this course and your supervision

The University will seek to deliver this course in accordance with the description set out in this course page. However, there may be situations in which it is desirable or necessary for the University to make changes in course provision, either before or after registration. The safety of students, staff and visitors is paramount and major changes to delivery or services may have to be made in circumstances of a pandemic, epidemic or local health emergency. In addition, in certain circumstances, for example due to visa difficulties or because the health needs of students cannot be met, it may be necessary to make adjustments to course requirements for international study.

Where possible your academic supervisor will not change for the duration of your course. However, it may be necessary to assign a new academic supervisor during the course of study or before registration for reasons which might include illness, sabbatical leave, parental leave or change in employment.

For further information please see our page on changes to courses and the provisions of the student contract regarding changes to courses.

Entry requirements for entry in 2024-25

Proven and potential academic excellence.

The requirements described below are specific to this course and apply only in the year of entry that is shown. You can use our interactive tool to help you  evaluate whether your application is likely to be competitive .

Please be aware that any studentships that are linked to this course may have different or additional requirements and you should read any studentship information carefully before applying. 

Degree-level qualifications

As a minimum, applicants should hold or be predicted to achieve the following UK qualifications or their equivalent:

• a master's degree with a mark of at least 67% ;  and
• a first-class or strong upper second-class undergraduate degree with honours in any subject.

It is expected that applicants will hold a taught master's or other advanced degree, normally in one of the social sciences, including law, but candidates from other disciplines embracing the social study of technology will also be considered.

For applicants with a degree from the USA, the minimum GPA sought is 3.5 out of 4.0.

If your degree is not from the UK or another country specified above, visit our International Qualifications page for guidance on the qualifications and grades that would usually be considered to meet the University’s minimum entry requirements.

GRE General Test scores

No Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or GMAT scores are sought.

Other qualifications, evidence of excellence and relevant experience

• Strong analytical abilities in understanding the social aspects of the internet, World Wide Web and related technologies, as shown by the candidate’s writing sample and/or the reports of referees, is required.
• Part-time applicants will also be expected to show evidence of the ability to commit time to study and, if applicable, an employer's commitment to make time available to study, to complete coursework, and attend course and University events and modules. Where appropriate, evidence should also be provided of permission to use employers’ data in the proposed research project.
• While prior publication is not required, evidence of successful academic publication will be taken into account and may provide the applicant with an advantage.
• It would be expected that graduate applicants would be familiar with the recent published work of their proposed supervisor.

English language proficiency

This course requires proficiency in English at the University's  higher level . If your first language is not English, you may need to provide evidence that you meet this requirement. The minimum scores required to meet the University's higher level are detailed in the table below.

*Previously known as the Cambridge Certificate of Advanced English or Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) † Previously known as the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English or Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE)

Your test must have been taken no more than two years before the start date of your course. Our Application Guide provides  further information about the English language test requirement .

Declaring extenuating circumstances

If your ability to meet the entry requirements has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (eg you were awarded an unclassified/ungraded degree) or any other exceptional personal circumstance (eg other illness or bereavement), please refer to the guidance on extenuating circumstances in the Application Guide for information about how to declare this so that your application can be considered appropriately.

You will need to register three referees who can give an informed view of your academic ability and suitability for the course. The  How to apply  section of this page provides details of the types of reference that are required in support of your application for this course and how these will be assessed.

Supporting documents

You will be required to supply supporting documents with your application. The  How to apply  section of this page provides details of the supporting documents that are required as part of your application for this course and how these will be assessed.

Performance at interview

Interviews are normally held as part of the admissions process.

All applications are reviewed by at least two members of faculty with relevant experience and expertise. Applicants are shortlisted based on the quality of  written application. Those who are shortlisted will normally be interviewed.

Interviews are usually held around three to six weeks after the application deadline. There is usually only one interview held, which lasts 30 to 40 minutes and can be held via video conferencing software. You will be asked questions about your academic background, your research plan, and why you think the Oxford Internet Institute would be the best place to conduct your studies. The interview panel will consist of at least two interviewers which will normally include the potential supervisor.

How your application is assessed

Your application will be assessed purely on your proven and potential academic excellence and other entry requirements described under that heading.

References  and  supporting documents  submitted as part of your application, and your performance at interview (if interviews are held) will be considered as part of the assessment process. Whether or not you have secured funding will not be taken into consideration when your application is assessed.

An overview of the shortlisting and selection process is provided below. Our ' After you apply ' pages provide  more information about how applications are assessed . 

Shortlisting and selection

Students are considered for shortlisting and selected for admission without regard to age, disability, gender reassignment, marital or civil partnership status, pregnancy and maternity, race (including colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins), religion or belief (including lack of belief), sex, sexual orientation, as well as other relevant circumstances including parental or caring responsibilities or social background. However, please note the following:

• socio-economic information may be taken into account in the selection of applicants and award of scholarships for courses that are part of  the University’s pilot selection procedure  and for  scholarships aimed at under-represented groups ;
• country of ordinary residence may be taken into account in the awarding of certain scholarships; and
• protected characteristics may be taken into account during shortlisting for interview or the award of scholarships where the University has approved a positive action case under the Equality Act 2010.

Initiatives to improve access to graduate study

This course is taking part in a continuing pilot programme to improve the selection procedure for graduate applications, in order to ensure that all candidates are evaluated fairly.

For this course, socio-economic data (where it has been provided in the application form) will be used to contextualise applications at the different stages of the selection process.  Further information about how we use your socio-economic data  can be found in our page about initiatives to improve access to graduate study.

Processing your data for shortlisting and selection

Information about  processing special category data for the purposes of positive action  and  using your data to assess your eligibility for funding , can be found in our Postgraduate Applicant Privacy Policy.

Admissions panels and assessors

All recommendations to admit a student involve the judgement of at least two members of the academic staff with relevant experience and expertise, and must also be approved by the Director of Graduate Studies or Admissions Committee (or equivalent within the department).

Admissions panels or committees will always include at least one member of academic staff who has undertaken appropriate training.

Other factors governing whether places can be offered

The following factors will also govern whether candidates can be offered places:

• the ability of the University to provide the appropriate supervision for your studies, as outlined under the 'Supervision' heading in the  About  section of this page;
• the ability of the University to provide appropriate support for your studies (eg through the provision of facilities, resources, teaching and/or research opportunities); and
• minimum and maximum limits to the numbers of students who may be admitted to the University's taught and research programmes.

Offer conditions for successful applications

If you receive an offer of a place at Oxford, your offer will outline any conditions that you need to satisfy and any actions you need to take, together with any associated deadlines. These may include academic conditions, such as achieving a specific final grade in your current degree course. These conditions will usually depend on your individual academic circumstances and may vary between applicants. Our ' After you apply ' pages provide more information about offers and conditions . 

In addition to any academic conditions which are set, you will also be required to meet the following requirements:

Financial Declaration

If you are offered a place, you will be required to complete a  Financial Declaration  in order to meet your financial condition of admission.

Disclosure of criminal convictions

In accordance with the University’s obligations towards students and staff, we will ask you to declare any  relevant, unspent criminal convictions  before you can take up a place at Oxford.

Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS)

Some postgraduate research students in science, engineering and technology subjects will need an Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) certificate prior to applying for a  Student visa (under the Student Route) . For some courses, the requirement to apply for an ATAS certificate may depend on your research area.

The department prides itself on providing a stimulating and supportive environment in which all students can flourish. The OII faculty works at the cutting-edge of their fields, and this innovative research is fully reflected in their course teaching. As a fully multidisciplinary department, the OII offers you the opportunity to study academic, practical and policy-related issues that can only be understood by drawing on contributions from across many different fields.

In addition to the formal requirements of the DPhil thesis, all OII doctoral students have access to regular training in the key professional skills necessary to support their research and future employment. These range from classes on advanced research methods as part of the OII’s option course offerings to professional development training (provided both by the department and the University) such as presentation skills, academic writing and navigating the process of peer review.

You will attend a weekly seminar in which you will present your own work for critique, and critique the work of your peers. The OII also provides opportunities for DPhil students to gain teaching experience through mentored assistantship roles in some of its core MSc courses.

The department's busy calendar of seminars and events brings many of the most important people in internet research, innovation and policy to the OII, allowing students to engage with cutting-edge scholarship and debates around the internet and digital technologies.

OII students also take full advantage of the substantial resources available at the University of Oxford, including world-leading research facilities and libraries, and a buzzing student scene. The departmental library provides students access to a range of resources. Additionally, the  Social Sciences Library provides valuable additional resources of which many students choose to take advantage of.

Oxford Internet Institute

The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) is a dynamic and innovative department for research and teaching relating to the internet, located in a world-leading traditional research university. The multidisciplinary OII offers the opportunity to study academic, practical and policy-related issues that can only be understood by drawing on contributions from many different fields.

The OII is the only major department in a top-ranked international university to offer multidisciplinary courses in the social sciences dedicated to understanding the impact of the internet, data, and information technologies on society. We offer masters and doctoral level education across several degrees focused on social data science or the social science of the internet and technology.

Digital connections are now embedded in almost every aspect of our daily lives, and research on individual and collective behaviour online is crucial to understanding our social, economic and political world. As a fully multi-disciplinary department, we offer our students the opportunity to study academic, practical and policy-related issues and pursue cutting-edge research into the societal implications of the internet and digital technologies.

Our academic faculty and graduate students are drawn from many different disciplines: we believe this combined approach is essential to tackle society’s big questions. Together, we aim to positively shape the development of our digital world for the public good.

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The University expects to be able to offer over 1,000 full or partial graduate scholarships across the collegiate University in 2024-25. You will be automatically considered for the majority of Oxford scholarships , if you fulfil the eligibility criteria and submit your graduate application by the relevant December or January deadline. Most scholarships are awarded on the basis of academic merit and/or potential. 

For further details about searching for funding as a graduate student visit our dedicated Funding pages, which contain information about how to apply for Oxford scholarships requiring an additional application, details of external funding, loan schemes and other funding sources.

Please ensure that you visit individual college websites for details of any college-specific funding opportunities using the links provided on our college pages or below:

Please note that not all the colleges listed above may accept students on this course. For details of those which do, please refer to the College preference section of this page.

Further information about funding opportunities for this course can be found on the institute's website.

Annual fees for entry in 2024-25

Full-time study.

Further details about fee status eligibility can be found on the fee status webpage.

Part-time study

Information about course fees.

Course fees are payable each year, for the duration of your fee liability (your fee liability is the length of time for which you are required to pay course fees). For courses lasting longer than one year, please be aware that fees will usually increase annually. For details, please see our guidance on changes to fees and charges .

Course fees cover your teaching as well as other academic services and facilities provided to support your studies. Unless specified in the additional information section below, course fees do not cover your accommodation, residential costs or other living costs. They also don’t cover any additional costs and charges that are outlined in the additional information below.

Continuation charges

Following the period of fee liability , you may also be required to pay a University continuation charge and a college continuation charge. The University and college continuation charges are shown on the Continuation charges page.

Where can I find further information about fees?

The Fees and Funding  section of this website provides further information about course fees , including information about fee status and eligibility  and your length of fee liability .

Additional information

There are no compulsory elements of this course that entail additional costs beyond fees (or, after fee liability ends, continuation charges) and living costs. However, please note that, depending on your choice of research topic and the research required to complete it, you may incur additional expenses, such as travel expenses, research expenses, and field trips. You will need to meet these additional costs, although you may be able to apply for small grants from your department and/or college to help you cover some of these expenses.

Please note that you are required to attend in Oxford for a minimum of 30 days each year, and you may incur additional travel and accommodation expenses for this. Also, depending on your choice of research topic and the research required to complete it, you may incur further additional expenses, such as travel expenses, research expenses, and field trips. You will need to meet these additional costs, although you may be able to apply for small grants from your department and/or college to help you cover some of these expenses.

Whilst many graduate students do undertake employment to support their studies, please remember that students on the full-time arrangement of the OII's DPhil course are subject to limits on the number of hours that may be worked each week. Part-time student are not subject to these limitations.

Within these limitations, many of the OII's existing full-time DPhil students have been employed on a short or long-term basis as Research Assistants on grant-funded projects gaining valuable research experience. The OII also offers Teaching Assistant positions on the MSc degree for DPhil students who can display the appropriate skills. In addition, there are employment opportunities within the University (such as teaching, translation, and research assistance) as well as within the OII.

For full information on employment whilst on course, please see the University's  paid work guidelines for Oxford graduate students .

Living costs

In addition to your course fees, you will need to ensure that you have adequate funds to support your living costs for the duration of your course.

For the 2024-25 academic year, the range of likely living costs for full-time study is between c. £1,345 and £1,955 for each month spent in Oxford. Full information, including a breakdown of likely living costs in Oxford for items such as food, accommodation and study costs, is available on our living costs page. The current economic climate and high national rate of inflation make it very hard to estimate potential changes to the cost of living over the next few years. When planning your finances for any future years of study in Oxford beyond 2024-25, it is suggested that you allow for potential increases in living expenses of around 5% each year – although this rate may vary depending on the national economic situation. UK inflationary increases will be kept under review and this page updated.

If you are studying part-time your living costs may vary depending on your personal circumstances but you must still ensure that you will have sufficient funding to meet these costs for the duration of your course.

Students enrolled on this course will belong to both a department/faculty and a college. Please note that ‘college’ and ‘colleges’ refers to all 43 of the University’s colleges, including those designated as societies and permanent private halls (PPHs). 

If you apply for a place on this course you will have the option to express a preference for one of the colleges listed below, or you can ask us to find a college for you. Before deciding, we suggest that you read our brief  introduction to the college system at Oxford  and our  advice about expressing a college preference . For some courses, the department may have provided some additional advice below to help you decide.

The following colleges accept students for full-time study on this course:

• Balliol College
• Blackfriars
• Campion Hall
• Christ Church
• Exeter College
• Green Templeton College
• Hertford College
• Keble College
• Kellogg College
• Linacre College
• Mansfield College
• Pembroke College
• Reuben College
• St Antony's College
• St Catherine's College
• St Cross College
• St Edmund Hall
• Trinity College
• Wadham College
• Wolfson College
• Wycliffe Hall

The following colleges accept students for part-time study on this course:

Before you apply

Our  guide to getting started  provides general advice on how to prepare for and start your application. You can use our interactive tool to help you  evaluate whether your application is likely to be competitive .

If it's important for you to have your application considered under a particular deadline – eg under a December or January deadline in order to be considered for Oxford scholarships – we recommend that you aim to complete and submit your application at least two weeks in advance . Check the deadlines on this page and the  information about deadlines and when to apply  in our Application Guide.

Application fee waivers

An application fee of £75 is payable per course application. Application fee waivers are available for the following applicants who meet the eligibility criteria:

• applicants from low-income countries;
• refugees and displaced persons; 
• UK applicants from low-income backgrounds; and 
• applicants who applied for our Graduate Access Programmes in the past two years and met the eligibility criteria.

You are encouraged to  check whether you're eligible for an application fee waiver  before you apply.

Readmission for current Oxford graduate taught students

If you're currently studying for an Oxford graduate taught course and apply to this course with no break in your studies, you may be eligible to apply to this course as a readmission applicant. The application fee will be waived for an eligible application of this type. Check whether you're eligible to apply for readmission .

Do I need to contact anyone before I apply?

You are recommended to contact a potential supervisor (or supervisors) in the first instance to get feedback on the fit of your proposed research with the expertise of the supervisor before you apply. The full list of faculty members eligible to supervise DPhil students for this course, including their research interests and contact details, can be found on the departmental website. Please note that the Oxford Internet Institute will only admit students where appropriate supervision is available.

Completing your application

You should refer to the information below when completing the application form, paying attention to the specific requirements for the supporting documents .

For this course, the application form will include questions that collect information that would usually be included in a CV/résumé. You should not upload a separate document. If a separate CV/résumé is uploaded, it will be removed from your application .

If any document does not meet the specification, including the stipulated word count, your application may be considered incomplete and not assessed by the academic department. Expand each section to show further details.

Proposed field and title of research project

Under the 'Field and title of research project' please enter your proposed field or area of research if this is known. If the department has advertised a specific research project that you would like to be considered for, please enter the project title here instead.

You should not use this field to type out a full research proposal. You will be able to upload your research supporting materials separately if they are required (as described below).

Proposed supervisor

If known, under 'Proposed supervisor name' enter the name of the academic(s) who you would like to supervise your research. Otherwise, leave this field blank.

Referees: Three overall, academic and/or professional

Whilst you must register three referees, the department may start the assessment of your application if two of the three references are submitted by the course deadline and your application is otherwise complete. Please note that you may still be required to ensure your third referee supplies a reference for consideration.

Professional references are acceptable, particularly if you have been out of education for some time, though these should focus particularly on your intellectual abilities rather than more narrowly on job performance.

Your references will support intellectual ability, academic achievement, aptitude and potential for research investigation.

Official transcript(s)

Your transcripts should give detailed information of the individual grades received in your university-level qualifications to date. You should only upload official documents issued by your institution and any transcript not in English should be accompanied by a certified translation.

More information about the transcript requirement is available in the Application Guide.

Personal statement and research proposal: Statement of up to a maximum of 500 words and proposal of up to a maximum of 2,500 words

Your statement of purpose/personal statement and research proposal should be submitted as a single, combined document with clear subheadings. Please ensure that the word counts for each section are clearly visible in the document.

Personal statement

You should submit a convincing personal statement (statement of purpose) explaining your reasons for applying to the course and highlighting your relevant academic and professional experience. It should be written in English and should be a maximum of 500 words.

If possible, please ensure that the word count is clearly displayed on the document.

Research proposal 

You should also submit a research proposal that should focus on your proposed research topic, rather than your personal achievements, interests and aspirations. Your proposal should include:

• an indicative bibliography;
• an indicative title;
• a short introduction/synopsis;
• a discussion of the most relevant scholarly literature; and
• a research question or hypothesis.

The issue or question should emerge from your review of the literature. Please also provide a rationale for the importance of this research topic.

Your research proposal should also indicate your proposed methodological approach. This will depend on the kind of research you envisage. If empirical research is planned, then please discuss the likely data or evidence to be collected. At this stage these ideas are exploratory, and likely to develop and change once you are accepted.

Your research proposal should be written in English and should be a maximum of 2,500 words. You do not need to include the indicative bibliography in your word count. 

Your research proposal will be assessed for your potential to carry out doctoral research, the quality and coherence of the proposal and the originality of the project.

It will be normal for your ideas to subsequently change in some ways as you develop your project. You should nevertheless make the best effort you can to demonstrate the extent of your research question, sources and method at this moment.

Written work: One essay of a maximum of 2,000 words

An academic essay or other writing sample from your most recent qualification, written in English, is required. An extract of the requisite length from longer work is also permissible.

The word count does not need to include any bibliography or brief footnotes.

If you have not previously written on areas closely related to the proposed research topic, you may provide written work on any topic that best demonstrates your academic abilities.

This will be assessed for evidence that demonstrates your aptitude and potential for research investigation.

Start or continue your application

You can start or return to an application using the relevant link below. As you complete the form, please  refer to the requirements above  and  consult our Application Guide for advice . You'll find the answers to most common queries in our FAQs.

Application Guide   Apply - Full time Apply - Part time

ADMISSION STATUS

Closed to applications for entry in 2024-25

Register to be notified via email when the next application cycle opens (for entry in 2025-26)

12:00 midday UK time on:

Friday 5 January 2024 Latest deadline for most Oxford scholarships Final application deadline for entry in 2024-25

*Three-year average (applications for entry in 2021-22 to 2023-24)

Further information and enquiries

This course is offered by the Oxford Internet Institute

• Course page on the institute's website
• Funding information from the institute
• Academic and research staff
• Research at the institute
• Department open days
• Social Sciences Division
• Residence requirements for full-time courses
• Postgraduate applicant privacy policy

Course-related enquiries

Advice about contacting the department can be found in the How to apply section of this page

✉ [email protected] ☎ +44 (0)1865 287210

Application-process enquiries

See the application guide

Visa eligibility for part-time study

We are unable to sponsor student visas for part-time study on this course. Part-time students may be able to attend on a visitor visa for short blocks of time only (and leave after each visit) and will need to remain based outside the UK.

PhD Accounting

Undertake original and supervised research in PhD Accounting, with both part-time and full-time study options available.

Course overview

• Doctor of Philosophy
• From £8,267 per year *
• From £4,133 per year *
• From £14,467 per year *
• From £7,233 per year *
• School of Business

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13 July 2024

Upcoming events

Why not meet us at our next online or in-person event?

About the Course

The PhD in Accounting programme offers a supportive environment to undertake original research and equips students with the theoretical and technical skills needed to produce quality research.

The degree is awarded by the University in recognition of the successful completion of a course of supervised research, the results of which show evidence of originality and independent critical judgement and constitute an addition to knowledge.

This programme is available in either full-time or part-time mode (3 years full-time and 6 years part-time). Students are registered initially for the degree of PhD (Doctor of Philosophy), although their status is probationary until the first Annual Review has taken place, normally between 12 and 18 months from first registration.

Entry Requirements

Candidates must hold a Bachelors degree with Honours (to UK standard) of   First or Upper Second (2:1) Class .

Applicants are also expected to hold a relevant Masters degree in finance, accounting or a cognate subject area. Normally we require performance at a distinction level, including any dissertation component or equivalent carried out. Professional qualifications other than a Bachelors Degree and/or relevant and appropriate experience may be taken into account for entry to a PhD programme. Professional qualifications are examined on their merits and may strengthen the case for entry.

English Language Requirement

• IELTS: 7.0 (with a minimum of 6.5 in each component)
• TOEFL: 100 internet-based or 623 paper-based (with a minimum of 22 in each component – internet based).
• Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE): 66 (with a minimum of 58 in each component)

Selection process

All applicants are interviewed by prospective supervisors or appropriate academic members of staff. This also provides an opportunity for the applicant to discuss their project proposal. For applicants in the UK, they are invited to attend the interview in person and for international applicant, it may not be possible for you to visit in person, so the admissions tutor may arrange for the interview be conducted by Microsoft Teams, email or phone.

Research Proposals

Applications should be accompanied by a 3000- word research proposal outlining a brief introduction of the specific area of study, referring to the current state of knowledge (i.e. what research has been done to date) and any recent debates on the subject, research philosophy and desirable methodology to be applied along with the completion plan.

Teaching & Assessment

Quality supervision.

The aim of the Research Programme is to help students develop the following: a) a systematic and in-depth understanding in the subject area of choice of research by the student; b) the critical skills necessary to analyse and evaluate complex legal problems and related issues; c) To give students the opportunity to undertake a substantial independent research project at Level 7 of writing; d) research skills necessary to demonstrate familiarity with and understanding of the subject, its principal sources and authorities; e) To develop research skills necessary to display critical discrimination and a sense of proportion in evaluating evidence and the opinions of other authors in the subject.

High calibre staff

Most of our academic staff teach for three terms out of four, with the remaining term used for research . Because of this, we have no difficulty in attracting high calibre, highly respected lecturers, many of whom also have a background in business or industry and can offer networking opportunities for students.

Supervisory methods

Candidates spend a considerable part of their studies undertaking supervised research, at the end of which they submit a thesis embodying the results of that research. This thesis must demonstrate familiarity with, and an understanding of the subject, its principal sources and authorities. It should display critical discrimination and a sense of proportion in evaluating evidence and the judgements of others. The subject should be dealt with in a competent and scholarly manner. In addition to this:

• All postgraduate research students are required to take the Research Methods Course.
• All postgraduate research students must attend supervisory meetings
• All postgraduate research students must attend any other training required to assist with the completion of the PhD.

After Your Course

Graduate employment.

Our graduates have gone on to further study at most of the world’s leading universities, including Harvard, London, Oxford and Cambridge and secured jobs in senior positions around the world. Among our alumni we have a graduate who became the head of his country’s civil service and one who became a leading Formula One motor-racing driver. Another secured a position as the Minister of Sabah and one female law graduate became the first British lawyer to become a French Advocate.

Fees & Scholarships

The fees for this course are:

Postgraduate loan scheme

A system of postgraduate loans for Masters’ degrees in the UK is supported by the UK Government. The loan will provide up to £11,222 for taught and research Masters’ courses in all subject areas. The loans can be used for tuition fees, living expenses or both.

Scholarships

Details of scholarships can be found on our Bursaries and Scholarships page . You should make an application to study at the University and receive an offer letter confirming our acceptance of your application before applying for a scholarship.

You may also find it useful to visit our External Funding page .

How To Apply

Apply directly

You can apply directly using our online application form – all you need to do is click the ‘apply’ button at the bottom of this page.

A PhD is a higher level research degree, and you would normally be expected to have a Masters degree or relevant professional experience before starting a doctorate. Doing research for a doctorate is a unique and personal experience. You are becoming an expert in your chosen field and making a contribution to that field by creating new knowledge. It can often be challenging, so you need to manage the process and look after yourself as well. 

Scroll down for our recommended strategies and resources. 

Application process

Research proposal.

When applying for a PhD, you need to demonstrate a clear understanding of what you want to research and how you are going to research it in order to show it is feasible. Look at this clear guide on what to include in a research proposal.

Writing a research proposal (Vitae)

The relationship with your supervisor is crucial so it is important to find someone who you can work with and who can give you the guidance you need. See this useful guide for what to consider when choosing your PhD supervisor.

Choosing your supervisor (Prospects)

PhD process

From planning to viva.

The PhD process may not always be explicitly explained so it is good to ask questions, seek advice, and build a support network of colleagues and peers. The training sessions and events hosted by Brookes' Graduate College are a good place to start, covering key skills such as working with your supervisor, research ethics, publishing and networking, and the final viva. 

Graduate college research student training (Oxford Brookes University)

Advice and experiences

Everyone’s PhD journey is unique. However, hearing other people’s stories and how they managed the process is very valuable. Below are a selection of good blogs on all aspects of doing a PhD. Use the blog search boxes to find posts on topics that relate to you.

The Thesis Whisperer blog

One Hundred Thousand Words blog

Patter blog

Doing a doctorate and professional development

The beginning, middle, and end phases of a doctorate all have their own rhythm and challenges. The Vitae website has good guidance for each stage of a PhD and for developing a professional identity and transferable skills.

Doctoral development (Vitae)

Part-time doctorate

Managing a large research project over an extended period of time while also fulfilling work and family commitments means finding ways to stay connected with your research and protect valuable thinking time. See these good tips for how to manage a part-time research degree.

Tips for part-time doctorate (Vitae)

Objective perspective

Sometimes you need to step away and talk to someone who isn’t involved in the process. Here at the Centre for Academic Development, we offer one-to-one sessions especially for PhD students. You may also find advice on our other pages useful, for example:

Literature review resources (Centre for Academic Development)

Poster presentation resources (Centre for Academic Development)

Connecting with others

Doing a PhD can be isolating, especially if you are doing a lot of writing on your own. It is a good idea to seek out other people who are also writing up their thesis as you may be able to support each other. See Brookes' Writing Hub for events and writing groups: 

The Writing Hub (Oxford Brookes University)

Further resources

For more information on all aspects of undertaking a PhD, see this helpful book list created by Brookes Library:   

Writing tips and study skills for researchers (Oxford Brookes University Library)

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MSc Financial Economics

Start date:

• 23 September 2024

Time commitment:

Programme overview

Propel your career with the necessary knowledge of finance and economics required by the financial sector.

Intellectually tough and highly practical, the distinctive nature of the programme will give you outstanding international training in the tools sought by financial institutions and companies, in a variety of different industries.

Saïd Business School finance faculty, together with the Department of Economics deliver the 9-month programme combining rigorous academic training with tailored real-world applications, designed in consultation with leading financial recruiters.

Experience the Oxford MSc in Financial Economics

Current class profile

Our students are a diverse group of high-achieving individuals looking to launch their career in finance or consulting.

International students

Nationalities

Average age

Supervision and assessment

Supervision.

You are expected to meet your supervisor on a regular basis to discuss academic progress. There is not set frequency for meetings with your supervisor but recommend regular meetings to take full advantage of the opportunities available to you.

The allocation of a supervisor is the responsibility of the School. It is not always possible to accommodate a preference to work with a particular member of staff. Under exceptional circumstances a supervisor may be found outside Saïd Business School.

Assessment includes examinations, assignments and individual projects. Core courses are offered in asset pricing, economics, corporate finance, financial econometrics and finance and ethics. You can select a total of five electives to tailor your learning experience and expand your knowledge in areas important for your career. You can choose to substitute one elective with an individual project addressing a question of academic interest or practical significance.

Changes to this course and your supervision

We seek to deliver this course as described on this page. However, there may be situations when it is desirable or necessary to make changes either before or after registration. The safety of students, staff and visitors is paramount and major changes to delivery or services may have to be made in circumstances of a pandemic, epidemic or local health emergency. In certain circumstances, for example due to visa difficulties or because the health needs of students cannot be met, it may be necessary to make adjustments to course requirements for international study.

Where possible your academic supervisor will not change for the duration of your course. However, it may be necessary to assign a new supervisor during the course of study or before registration for reasons which might include illness, sabbatical leave, parental leave or change in employment.

For further information please see our page on changes to courses and the provisions of the student contract regarding changes to courses.

I chose the MSc Financial Economics because I wanted to stretch myself academically, but also acquire the skills that the industry demands. Lochlan Halloway MSc Financial Economics class of 2021-22

Oxford Saïd Finance Lab

Understand key concepts, processes, instruments and models required to be successful in financial services.

This co-curricular programme is led by seasoned practitioners with many years of transaction and market experience. At its core are a series of models that are used to evaluate and appraise situations from the real world. You will leave with a toolkit to tackle financial problems ranging from valuations to leveraged buyouts, to M&A transactions and more.

Drive your career development

Achieve your potential with the support of the Career Development Centre. They will work with you on your professional development and future career planning.

The combination of the programme curriculum and the co-curricular programmes such as Oxford Saïd Finance Lab and Asset Management masterclass, provide a rich and highly practical learning experience reflecting the aspirations of students and employers' needs.

The Careers team were incredibly helpful! You can just drop in and get your CV reviewed, or schedule the best mock case interview where you’ll be confident for your next job interview. Tim Scherer Investment Banking Department - Goldman Sachs

Employers who recruited graduates in 2023

• Bank of America
• Bank of England
• Citibank (APAC) Limited
• Deutsche Bank
• Goldman Sachs
• Morgan Stanley
• Bain & Company
• Boston Consulting Group
• EY-Parthenon
• McKinsey & Company
• Roland Berger
• Strategy&

Upon admission, you will also become a member of an Oxford college. Your college is both an academic and social community that will enrich your time at Oxford. It offers everything from formal dinners and balls to sports and lecture series. 

The Oxford college system enables you to interact with students and faculty from other disciplines. Some colleges provide accommodation for students.   

Application process

Applications for 2024 have now closed. Applications for 2025 will open in August 2024.

We operate a staged admissions process. You can only submit one application per year. The deadlines below were for 2024 entry:

• Stage 1 - Friday 27 October 2023
• Stage 2 - Friday 5 January 2024
• Stage 3 - Wednesday 6 March 2024

Deadlines fall at 11.59pm UK time. Please note, only offer holders in stage 1 and stage 2 are eligible for University and college scholarships. The application round deadlines for 2025 entry will be confirmed in due course but are likely to be around the same dates as this year's deadlines.

Kira Talent

Upon submitting your complete application, you will receive a secure link to complete a Kira Talent  video assessment. You will have one week after your chosen application deadline to complete your Kira Talent video assessment and to upload any outstanding application materials. The deadlines for 2024 entry were as follows:

• Stage 1 - Friday 3 November 2023
• Stage 2 - Friday 12 January 2024
• Stage 3 - Wednesday 13 March 2024

Deadlines fall at 11.59pm UK time. The application deadlines for 2025 entry will be confirmed in due course but are likely to be around the same dates as this year's deadlines.

For 2024 entry, decisions will be released to all applicants by the following dates:

• Stage 1 - Friday 8 December 2023
• Stage 2 - Wednesday 28 February 2024
• Stage 3 - Wednesday 17 April 2024

There are 84 available places on the MSc Financial Economics programme. The average number of applications for entry between 2021 and 2023 was 1,073. 

Fees and funding

The fee for 2024-25 is £55,630 for both home and overseas students, which includes lifelong Oxford Union membership.

If your application is successful, you will be asked to pay a deposit against your course fees at the application stage as a condition of your offer. The deposit is £8,350 and must be paid 30 days from the date on initial offer letter.

Tuition fees must be paid in full by the programme start date in September. How to pay your fees.

Course fees

Course fees are payable each year, for the duration of your fee liability (your fee liability is the length of time for which you are required to pay course fees). 

Course fees cover teaching as well as other academic services and facilities provided to support your studies. Unless specified in the additional information section below, course fees do not cover your accommodation, residential costs or other living costs. They also don’t cover any additional costs and charges that are outlined in the additional information below.

Additional cost information

There are no compulsory elements of this course that entail additional costs beyond fees and living costs. However, you may choose a project-based elective topic. Depending on your choice of topic and the research required to complete it, you may incur additional expenses, such as travel expenses, research expenses and field trips. You will need to meet these additional costs, although you may be able to apply for small grants from your department and/or college to help you cover some of these expenses. This course may also run optional pre-course workshops in and outside the UK. Teaching and networking costs will be covered for such workshops, but you would be responsible for your own travel and accommodation costs if you opt to join these workshops. This course requires that you are primarily taught in Oxford; you will need to incur travel and accommodation costs to attend the course if you do not live in the Oxford area.

Cost of living

You will also need to ensure you have adequate funds to support your living costs for the duration of your course. Please view the University's  living expenses page for information about likely living costs for 2024-25.

Further information about fees

The Fees and Funding section of this website provides further information about course fees , including information about fee status and eligibility  and your length of fee liability .

Oxford Saïd’s Masters in Financial Economics in world’s top ten

• If you have a query about admissions, fees or funding, please contact us.
• [email protected]

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

Attend an open day

Discover more about postgraduate research

PhD Accounting and Finance / Overview

Year of entry: 2024

• View full page
• Bachelor's (Honours) degree at 2:1 or above (or overseas equivalent); and
• Master's degree in a relevant cognate subject - with an overall average of 70% or above (or overseas equivalent)
• Professional qualifications other than a Bachelors Degree and/or relevant and appropriate experience may be taken into account for entry to a PhD programme.

Full entry requirements

Apply online

Please ensure you include all required supporting documents at the time of submission, as incomplete applications may not be considered.

Application Deadlines

The current deadline for consideration in internal funding competitions is 15 March 2024.

If you are applying for or have secured external funding (for example, from an employer or government) or are self-funding, you must submit your application before the below deadline to be considered. You will not be able to apply after this date has passed.

• For September 2024 entry: 30 June 2024

Programme options

Programme overview.

• Develop leading research in Accounting and Finance.
• Join one of the world's most innovative and ambitious doctoral research schools.
• Ranked 3rd in the UK for research power in 'Business and Management Studies' (REF2021).

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To find out what studying on a postgraduate research programme at Manchester is like, visit our Open days and study fairs page and explore our virtual open week or future on-campus and international events.

We will be conducting our Humanities PGR virtual open week in October 2024. Find out about future events and postgraduate research sessions by signing up to our email alerts.

For entry in the academic year beginning September 2024, the tuition fees are as follows:

• PhD (full-time) UK students (per annum): £4,786 International, including EU, students (per annum): £21,000
• PhD (part-time) UK students (per annum): £2,393 International, including EU, students (per annum): £10,500

Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page.

Scholarships/sponsorships

To apply University of Manchester funding, you must indicate in your application the competitions for which you wish to be considered. The current deadline for most internal competitions, including Alliance Manchester Business School studentships is 15 March 2024.

All external funding competitions have a specified deadline for submitting your funding application and a separate (earlier) deadline for submitting the online programme application form, both of which will be stated in the funding competition details below.

For more information about funding, visit our funding page to browse for scholarships, studentships and awards you may be eligible for.

• ESRC North West Social Science Doctoral Training Partnership (NWSSDTP) PhD Studentships - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• China Scholarship Council - The University of Manchester (CSC-UoM) Joint Scholarship Programme - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Alliance Manchester Business School PhD Studentships 2024 Entry - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• President's Doctoral Scholar (PDS) Awards - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship (EPSRC DTP)
• Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (High Income Countries)
• Humanities Doctoral Academy Humanitarian Scholarship 2024 Entry
• Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (Least Developed Countries and Fragile States)
• RADMA Doctoral Studies Funding 2024 Entry - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• PhD Scholarship for Research into Productivity

Contact details

Programmes in related subject areas.

Use the links below to view lists of programmes in related subject areas.

• Accounting and Finance

Regulated by the Office for Students

The University of Manchester is regulated by the Office for Students (OfS). The OfS aims to help students succeed in Higher Education by ensuring they receive excellent information and guidance, get high quality education that prepares them for the future and by protecting their interests. More information can be found at the OfS website .

You can find regulations and policies relating to student life at The University of Manchester, including our Degree Regulations and Complaints Procedure, on our regulations website .

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IU Indianapolis IU Indianapolis IU Indianapolis

• My area of study is in accounting
• My area of study is not in accounting
• Discover downtown Indianapolis
• MS in Accounting
• Graduate Certificate in Accounting
• Graduate Certificate in Internal Audit
• MS in Taxation
• Graduate Certificate in Taxation

How to Apply

• Cost and Funding
• International Students

Kelley School of Business

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• Graduate Accounting

Apply to earn a graduate certificate, an MS in Accounting or an MS in Taxation.

To apply for our Graduate Certificate in Accounting, Taxation or Internal Auditing Programs, complete only the "Graduate school application" and "Official transcripts" portion of the application process below. To apply for the MS in Accounting or MS in Taxation Programs, complete all parts of the application process.

Graduate school application

Complete and submit the  online application  for the Indiana University Graduate School.

All students must submit an application to the graduate school. You are  not  required to complete all sections of the application; however, the following sections  must  be completed:

• Personal information
• Education history
• Test scores
• Educational objectives (Please note: Kelley School of Business is listed alphabetically under Kelley rather than business.)
• Work experience

International students will be directed to continue the application process by completing several sections for international students only.

A nonrefundable application fee of $70 must be paid when you submit your application. You may pay the fee with a Visa, Mastercard or American Express credit card.

If you are an international student and have questions regarding your status at IUPUI, contact the International Affairs Office at 317-274-7000.

Admission testing

The GMAT and GRE are now optional.  Successful applicants will have a minimum 3.2 GPA. Applicants with a GPA between 3.1 and 2.8 may be admitted with additional requirements (including the GMAT) and with permission of the program chair.

Update and send your résumé

Update and send your résumé to [email protected] .

Proof of English proficiency (international students only)

We accept the  TOEFL  (minimum IBT score: 79), the  IELTS  (minimum score: 6.5) or Level 112 through  ELS.

Official transcripts

Mail your official transcripts to:

Kelley School of Business Indianapolis Graduate Accounting Programs 801 W. Michigan Street, BS3024 Indianapolis, IN 46202-5151

If you are an international student, you will also need to mail your diploma, both in your native language and in translation.

Letters of recommendation

Two letters of recommendation are required. You will provide your name, address, phone number and email on the Graduate school application. A link to the electronic recommendation form will be emailed to your references.

Personal statement

Questions about the application process, application deadlines.

Applications should be submitted at least one week before the first day of classes begins in the fall semester, spring semester, first summer session and second summer session. You can find the start dates for each semester on the long-term calendar on the Student Central website. Earlier applications are encouraged to secure your position. International students should submit applications at least one month before the start of classes for each semester.

Kelley's MSA Program is streamlined. I walked in, and they said, 'Here's your plan; here's how we are going to get you where you want to go, and here's how quickly you'll do it.' Hearing this, I knew Kelley was the place for me. Nan Schulze, MSA’10 | Senior Accountant at La Rosa & Co., LLC

Read Nan’s Story

Each class I've taken in the Kelley MST Program has molded me into a more strategic man. It's sharpened both my analytical and listening skills, which has helped me in my professional and personal relationships. Christopher Patterson, MST'16, MSA'17 | Lead Accountant for the U.S. Navy in Washington, D.C.

Read Christopher's Story

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Article Contents

Risk of heart failure in inflammatory bowel disease: a swedish population-based study.

• Article contents
• Figures & tables
• Supplementary Data

Jiangwei Sun, Jialu Yao, Ola Olén, Jonas Halfvarson, David Bergman, Fahim Ebrahimi, Annika Rosengren, Johan Sundström, Jonas F Ludvigsson, Risk of heart failure in inflammatory bowel disease: a Swedish population-based study, European Heart Journal , 2024;, ehae338, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae338

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Dysregulation of inflammatory and immune responses has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). But even if inflammation is a prerequisite for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about HF risk in IBD.

In this Swedish nationwide cohort, patients with biopsy-confirmed IBD were identified between 1969 and 2017 [n = 81,749, Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 24,303), ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 45,709), and IBD-unclassified (IBD-U, n = 11,737)]. Each patient was matched with up to five general population reference individuals (n = 382,190) and IBD-free full siblings (n = 95,239) and followed until 31 December 2019. Flexible parametric survival models estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and standardized cumulative incidence for HF, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

There were 5,582 incident HF identified in IBD patients (incidence rate [IR]: 50.3/10,000 person-years) and 20,343 in reference individuals (IR: 37.9) during a median follow-up of 12.4 years. IBD patients had a higher risk of HF than reference individuals (aHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.23). This increased risk remained significant ≥20 years after IBD diagnosis, leading to one extra HF case per 130 IBD patients until then. The increased risk was also observed across IBD subtypes: CD (IR: 46.9 vs. 34.4; aHR 1.28 [1.20 to 1.36]), UC (IR: 50.1 vs. 39.7; aHR 1.14 [1.09 to 1.19]), and IBD-U (IR: 60.9 vs. 39.0; aHR 1.28 [1.16 to 1.42]). Sibling-controlled analyses showed slightly attenuated association (IBD: aHR 1.10 [1.03 to 1.19]).

Patients with IBD had a moderately higher risk of developing HF for ≥20 years after IBD diagnosis than the general population.

• heart failure
• inflammatory bowel disease

Supplementary data

Email alerts, companion article.

• Human Immunology of Heart Failure: Deconstructing Inflammatory Risk

Related articles in PubMed

Citing articles via, looking for your next opportunity, affiliations.

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