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Winter Season in Pakistan Essay

Table of Contents

For the knowledge of the students, we are going to write an essay on the Winter Season in Pakistan. Pakistan is a blessed Country. It’s mostly cold in the regions of highlands and hot and humid in the tropical regions. And by the grace of Almighty Allah Pakistan is one of the countries that experience four Seasons Summer, Winter, Autumn, and Spring. The first one is the winter season which lasts from December to March. Then comes the season of beauty which is spring season which lasts from March to May. The hot season called summer lasts between May to September. Summer also comprises a moon-soon season with heavy rainfalls in a few regions of the country. Lastly in October and November, the people of Pakistan experience the Autumn season which bids adieu to all the previous leaves and branches of the trees and prepares themselves for the New ones. Further, the Winter Season in Pakistan and which places are available in Pakistan for enjoyment are here.

Winter Season in Pakistan Essay

If we Talk about the Winter Season in Pakistan, cold Nights, chill breezes, short days, and long nights all are the perks of the winter season. In Pakistan, the winter season starts in December and ends in about March. People in Pakistan never see snow in the winter season. This season is characterized by heavy precipitation yet people enjoy this season. The Winter season is really enjoyed by the people of Pakistan as it brings bundles of joy along it.

The Winter season due to being cold affects the health of people. It causes flu and fever in children as well. So, the people cover themselves with jackets, cardigans, shawls, caps, and some thick stuff to protect themselves from the cold. But meanwhile, some people are maintaining their fashion game. Especially for the youth, they wore branded jackets, sneakers, and Bennie that make them look cool and stylish. That’s why most young people prefer winters over summers so that they can achieve their fashion goals. Enjoying coffee with their friends in the cafeteria of their institutes is one of their favorite leisure time activities in winter. Well, the winter season also brings other delights that could be enjoyed.

Firstly, the cardinal thing that people enjoy is dry fruits. The demand for dry fruits increases in this season. People are likely to purchase walnuts, almonds, dates, figs, cashews, pistachios, and many other varieties of dry fruits. Dry fruits are a vital source of minerals and vitamins and especially in the cold seasons they somehow help to maintain the body temperature of humans. But as the season approaches the price of dry fruits increases. People in Pakistan are mostly living below the poverty line and cannot afford such costly dry fruits so they prefer eating other food.

Fish is one of the selling foods in winter in Pakistan. Fish markets do good business in the winter seasons. It also becomes beneficial for the economy of the country. in Pakistan, fish is sold at affordable prices. But meanwhile, the production of fish increases, and a massive amount of fish is exported to different countries of the world in winter. The people living abroad love to eat the marine goods exported from Pakistan. This helps the country to earn a handsome amount of money from abroad. The income proves to be very effective for the economy of the country. Likewise, Fish has also been proven medically beneficial for human beings. They are rich in fatty acids that boost the immunity of the body, they help in the functioning of the brain, liver, and skin. Coal-roasted fish is especially for diabetic people. Well, fish is eaten by many people with love and proves to be beneficial for their physical fitness and health in the winter season. Meanwhile, read more info about the Winter Season in Pakistan below.

Winter Months in Pakistan

In Pakistan, there are 3 basic months which is considered highly cold. During these months in northern areas the ratio of snow increases. Pakistani people prefer to visit the northern areas like Murree and some others.

As per family gatherings and parties are concerned, they also increase in the winter season. The people arrange B.B.Q parties. They roast their favorite meat on a broiler in the cold atmosphere and enjoy eating it while sitting outdoors in the cold breeze and cold weather. Similarly, People also gather to enjoy bonfires in the winter season. They arrange their meals and invite their friends and family to enjoy dinner along with a bonfire party. Hot Soup is also an addition to their wonderful gatherings. The Season eventually brings joy into the lives of people. Though they face a bit of difficulty in their work due to extreme cold they use different ways to keep themselves warm. This is the info about the Winter Season in Pakistan.

Which month is coldest in Pakistan?

January is one of the coldest months of the year.

Are there 4 seasons in Pakistan?

Yes, four seasons in Pakistan.

Moin akhtar

I am committed to helping Pakistani students craft successful career paths by merging their individual passions with market trends. As a career counselor, we'll explore both well-established fields and modern industries to find the best fit for you. With personalized counseling and strategic planning, we aim to transform your educational journey into a thriving professional future.

I want to need essay on the joys of winter please help me for 7th class

we’ll write here soon, keep tuned…

I read in class 4 in Dar e arqam school system lahore. This is very informative for every student.

Excellent keep it up

Very nice excellent

very informative stuff thanks

Gud Keep it Up.

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Four Seasons in Pakistan

Four Seasons in Pakistan

Every season has its specialty in accordance with food, culture, festivals, travel, etc. There are four seasons in Pakistan. Namely, summer, winter, spring, and autumn.

If we look at the universe created by Allah, we will see an Everything is different. These differences are their identity. Take the weather, the weather is never the same in most parts of the world. Climate change also affects human nature, mood, and habits.

People living in Pakistan are lucky in that Allah Almighty has given them all kinds of weather like summer, cold, autumn, and spring. These four seasons are available in most parts of Pakistan.

Maybe You Like – NORTHERN MOUNTAIN RANGES OF PAKISTAN

Geographically Pakistan

Table of Contents

Pakistan is geographically divided into marine, desert, mountainous, and plain areas. Each region is affected by the severity of the current seasons.

Areas like Karachi, Thatta, and Badin are hot and humid. Plain areas include Lower Sindh, Upper Sindh, and most of Punjab. The climate here is dry and erratic.

The desert areas include most of Balochistan as well as Thar and Thal of Punjab. The atmosphere here is hot and poisonous.

The mountainous areas include Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Kashmir. These areas are cold all year round. In winter, it gets very cold and very snowy. Due to this life is paralyzed.

Winter Season in Pakistan

The winter season in Pakistan lasts from October to the end of February in mountainous areas. Lives in the sea and plains from December to February.

In winter, some waterfowl migrate from desert areas to warmer areas, usually riverine and lake areas. As the sun sets, the humidity in the air increases.

Wood and coal stoves, gas, and electric heaters are used to keep the atmosphere warm.

All kinds of warm and woolen clothes are often used to protect against cold. Consumption of high-calorie foods increases.

In addition to peanuts, almonds, pistachios, walnuts, chickpeas, barley, etc., various confectionery and hot drinks such as tea, coffee, soup, etc., are becoming more and more popular.

In areas where it snows, people from all over the country and foreign tourists visit these areas and enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature. People use blankets, quilts, and woolen sheets at night to avoid the cold.

December 22 is the shortest day of the year and the longest night of the year. From December onwards, the days increase and the nights decrease. This process continues until June 21.

Thus June 22 is the longest day of the year and the shortest night of the year. From June 23nthe night begins to increase and the day begins to decrease.

Spring Season in Pakistan

The spring season lasts from mid-February to mid-April. This is the best and happiest season. In this season, greenery spreads everywhere and colorful flowers bloom.

New leaves grow on the trees. The fragrant scent of flowers and leaves breathes new life into all living things. Facial rejuvenation increases.

Government and semi-government agencies organize spring celebrations and flower shows.

Seasons in Pakistan

Summer Season in Pakistan

May and June are the hottest months of summer. In most parts of Pakistan, business life comes to a standstill due to extreme heat. The streets and markets are deserted.

The reduction in power transmission in Pakistan due to load shedding and technical malfunctions affects industrial production and business and reduces the average income of the common man.

Weak people suffer from diseases and deaths due to strong sun and wind poisoning. To reduce the heat, people increase the consumption of cold drinks and people do not go out of the house unnecessarily.

Rainy Season in Pakistan

Although July and August are also hot months, the monsoon rains usually begin during these months. That is why we remember them as the rainy season.

Autumn Season in Pakistan

September and October are the autumn months in Pakistan. This is also called bile root (Exfoliation) season in which the leaves of the trees turn yellow and start drying and wilting.

The branches of trees and plants become dull. The vegetation dries up and is destroyed. The wind blows off.

Allah Almighty that He has given us all kinds of seasons due to which our country is rich with all kinds of fruits and crops.

Summer juicy, sweet, and delicious fruits, vegetables, and grains. and other crops like wheat, rice, millet, millet, maize, pulses, and cotton.

All of which not only meet our necessities of life but also result in heavy exports. Foreign exchange is also earned.

So, this is called a lovely country with a mix of four seasons in Pakistan.

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essay on winter season in pakistan

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Seasons in pakistan.

essay on winter season in pakistan

Even tropical type of climate prevails in Pakistan it still differs a lot at the same period. Weather also is very far to be the same for the whole territory of the country: it is always cold snowy winter in highlands, there is a monsoon-tropical climate in plains but on the North, in mountainous area it’s more humid and cold.

Summer period is the best time to visit Cashmere area. Indian monsoon have no influence on this territory so it is always soft and warm weather here. Days are comfortable for travelling and nights are still warm enough. But from July to September, the rainy season begins, more than 200 mm (7.8 ") rain falls.

Spring in Pakistan

essay on winter season in pakistan

Warm and soft spring usually comes with the first days of March, but in mountainous area it comes later - in May. Never the less soft spring lasts not long at all and cedes its own time to summer hot period too fast. Duration of light full days increase so it’s warmer and warmer day by day. Generally in March it’s nearly +20 °C (68 °F), in the middle of April temperature already is nearly +30 °C (86 °F) Heavy lack of precipitation is observed during whole this period.

Climate of the Spring Months

essay on winter season in pakistan

( Islamabad )

Summer in Pakistan

essay on winter season in pakistan

It is the warmest and also the longest season, which approaches the plains areas usually with the beginning of May and stays here generally until middle of July. Temperature stays very high all this period, it is hot enough even at nights. At coastal areas usually it is nearly +29 °C (85 °F), in dessert regions they it is even higher +35 °C (95 °F).

Indian monsoon, which usually comes from the south with the beginning of July or sometimes August and passes through nearly the whole country, reduces temperatures level. So now summer gets softer every day. Sea winds bring high humidity and stuffiness.

And finally in the end of June with the first rains summer gives up and soft warms days are there for enjoying. These rains, as a rule, are short-lived, very strong, are often accompanied by thunderstorms. From mid-summer to early autumn in Pakistan, the season of torrential rains.

Climate of the Summer Months

essay on winter season in pakistan

Autumn in Pakistan

essay on winter season in pakistan

Fall comes in early October on the plains, to the mountainous areas even sooner – in the beginning of September. There is no other type of weather, but only cold winter one in the highlands. Fall is very soft and nice period and is the best time to see country all around. Temperature increases day by day and in October it’s usually about +27 °C (81 °F), in November +20 °C (68 °F). 

Climate of the Autumn Months

essay on winter season in pakistan

Winter in Pakistan

essay on winter season in pakistan

Winter with snow never approaches plains. It is never too cold here. Although there is no snow and heavy cold winds it is quite cool here. Heavy but short-time rains are common occurrence for Pakistani winter. Never the less, dessert areas are exception, temperature never increase to low even at night time.

Climate of the Winter Months

essay on winter season in pakistan

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Weather and Seasons in Pakistan

Pakistan is one of those countries which have pleasant weather and seasons all year around neither they become. Here I have discussed all about the information about four weather and seasons in Pakistan. Hot and intense that it becomes unbearable neither it become freezing chilled has that it become breathless for the people to survive so we can denote the weather of Pakistan as the human friendly as throughout the year the weather in Pakistan is very much pleasant and satisfying. Pakistan falls on one of the ideal location on the globe with the most desirable longitude and latitude. There are four seasons in Pakistan which are being observed in Pakistan in one calendar year. The first season is the winter which starts from the November and ends till the February the weather in this season becomes very cold but not freezing. In the Northern areas the temperature falls till negative degree but still it become acceptable for the people living in the northern areas because they are used to of bearing such cold weather.

From the late February the spring season starts which brings pleasant weather in Pakistan which becomes suitable for cultivation, and that is when greenery and flowers poke out there heads. The weather becomes less cold and more pleasing to the people who make the people move out of their houses to the nearby parks and hill stations.

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In the late March and April the Autumn season is being observed in Pakistan when trees tarts to shed their leaves and dry winds starts to blew all over the land. This is the initiative taken which gives the news of the summers which are to be followed. The temperature significantly rises to the early 30’s with hot and dry wind prevailing all over the land.

From May Weather in Pakistan the summers starts to enter in the geographical area of Pakistan and it becomes intense as we move in to the mid of the year. The temperature starts to rise and gets to the mid 40’s degrees. Although it becomes very much intense and scorching but still it is not that much intense and hard for survival.

In the August the monsoon hits the borders of Pakistan and brings cold wind and heavy rainfall from the Bay of Bengal and from India. This breaks the shatters of hot and humidity and brings heavy rainfall to the Pakistan which ultimately makes the temperature to fall and decline to the mid of 20’s and becomes more pleasant weather in Pakistan as we move further ahead the year and at last this merges itself with the winters in the early November. As the monsoon lays the foundation and prepares the stage for the winters to launch their show.

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Essay on Winter Season in English for Class 3 4 5 6 7

Pakistan is the richest country of the world which is blessed with the abundant natural resources. Presence of all type of seasons is also the another blessings from Allah. Pakistani people enjoy all the seasons with natural gifts such as they enjoy different kinds of fruits and vegetables and the people in the northern areas of Pakistan are also gifted with the snowfall. In Pakistan winter season starts from the November and ended up at March. During this season the temperature gradually increases over the land and the temperature becomes very low and the temperature in the northern areas of Pakistan sometimes leads at negatives temperature. During this season the wind began to prevail from north to south which is known as winter monsoon. This season is also the dry as the wind from the land blows towards the sea.

            During the winter season the New Year starts and the current year ends. Days in winter season are shorter than the summers and the nights are longer. Moreover, every season has a huge impact on our lives. The drinks we drink the food we eat and the activities we do each and everything vary from season to season. During the winter season people wear thick clothes to protect against the cold and to maintain the body temperature. The trend of winter clothing is gradually evolved each year.

winter

            Winters become a good time for many delicious fruits such as oranges and guava and people also enjoy the winter vegetables which are specifically available during the winter season. From years Pakistani people are enjoying dry fruits during this beautiful weather each dry fruits has numerous health benefits. Dry fruits are very helpful in increasing the eye-sight and also very helpful in increasing the brain power. Winters and coffee is the perfect blend. During this season coffee is much needed to its entire lover to all over the world.

            In winter season plants and tress stop growing. Some plants died while most of the plants bury inside the heavy snow, most of the tress lose their leaves. During this season animals and plants respond in various ways. When the winter season starts birds migrate towards the hot regions of the world while some most of the animals go into the hibernation to protect themselves from the cold. So this season is characterized by freezing cold temperature and by snow falling.

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Multi-step ahead ozone level forecasting using a component-based technique: A case study in Lima, Peru

  • Flor Quispe 1 , 
  • Eddy Salcedo 1 , 
  • Hasnain Iftikhar 2 , 
  • Aimel Zafar 3,4 , 
  • Murad Khan 5 , 
  • Josué E. Turpo-Chaparro 6 , 
  • Paulo Canas Rodrigues 7 , 
  • Javier Linkolk López-Gonzales 6 ,  , 
  • 1. E.P. Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
  • 2. Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 3. Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
  • 4. Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar - Pakistan
  • 5. Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
  • 6. Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima 15468, Peru
  • 7. Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil
  • Received: 28 November 2023 Revised: 02 April 2024 Accepted: 09 May 2024 Published: 31 May 2024
  • Full Text(HTML)
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The rise in global ozone levels over the last few decades has harmed human health. This problem exists in several cities throughout South America due to dangerous levels of particulate matter in the air, particularly during the winter season, making it a public health issue. Lima, Peru, is one of the ten cities in South America with the worst levels of air pollution. Thus, efficient and precise modeling and forecasting are critical for ozone concentrations in Lima. The focus is on developing precise forecasting models to anticipate ozone concentrations, providing timely information for adequate public health protection and environmental management. This work used hourly O$ _{3} $ data in metropolitan areas for multi-step-ahead (one-, two-, three-, and seven-day-ahead) O$ _{3} $ forecasts. A multiple linear regression model was used to represent the deterministic portion, and four-time series models, autoregressive, nonparametric autoregressive, autoregressive moving average, and nonlinear neural network autoregressive, were used to describe the stochastic component. The various horizon out-of-sample forecast results for the considered data suggest that the proposed component-based forecasting technique gives a highly consistent, accurate, and efficient gain. This may be expanded to other districts of Lima, different regions of Peru, and even the global level to assess the efficacy of the proposed component-based modeling and forecasting approach. Finally, no analysis has been undertaken using a component-based estimation to forecast ozone concentrations in Lima in a multi-step-ahead manner.

  • multi-step ahead ozone forecasting ,
  • global health ,
  • multiple linear regression model ,
  • time series models ,
  • component-based forecasting technique

Citation: Flor Quispe, Eddy Salcedo, Hasnain Iftikhar, Aimel Zafar, Murad Khan, Josué E. Turpo-Chaparro, Paulo Canas Rodrigues, Javier Linkolk López-Gonzales. Multi-step ahead ozone level forecasting using a component-based technique: A case study in Lima, Peru[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2024, 11(3): 401-425. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2024020

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  • Flor Quispe
  • Eddy Salcedo
  • Hasnain Iftikhar
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  • Figure 1. Map with the metropolitan area of Lima, Peru, together with the location of the four pollutant and weather monitoring stations that belong to SENAMHI: Ate, CDM, SB, and STA
  • Figure 2. Correlation plot showing the O$ _{3} $ for all stations. It displays the best forecasting models for the O$ _{3} $, which are NPAR (located in the top-left), AR (top-right), ARMA (bottom-left), and NPAR (bottom-right)
  • Figure 3. This graph displays the actual and forecasted data points for O$ _{3} $ over 504 hours at four different stations: Ate Station (a), CDM Station (b), SB Station (c), and STA Station (d). The best model was used for each station

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A Matter of Survival as South Asia’s Heat Wave Reaches 127 Degrees

Pakistan and India are sweltering. For laborers, not working because of the extreme temperatures can mean not eating.

People holding containers for water gather in front of an old hand-cranked machine.

By Zia ur-Rehman

Reporting from Jacobabad, Pakistan

As South Asia bakes under a blistering heat wave, life-or-death decisions arrive with the midday sun.

Abideen Khan and his 10-year-old son need every penny of the $3.50 a day they can make molding mud into bricks at a kiln under the open sky in Jacobabad, a city in southern Pakistan. But as temperatures have soared as high as 126 degrees Fahrenheit, or 52 degrees Celsius, in recent days, they have been forced to stop by 1 p.m., cutting their earnings in half.

“This isn’t heat,” said Mr. Khan, sweat dripping down his face and soaking through his worn clothes. “It’s a punishment, maybe from God.”

It is yet another brutal summer in the age of climate change, in a part of the world that is among the most vulnerable to its dire effects. And there is more suffering to come: The extreme heat that Pakistan and neighboring India have been experiencing will continue for days or weeks, forecasters say. Already, it has exacted a deadly toll.

In the northern Indian state of Bihar, officials said that at least 14 people had died from the heat. Reports from other states in India’s north indicate that the count could be considerably higher. In both India and Pakistan, hospitals have reported large numbers of heatstroke cases.

Ten of those who have died in Bihar were poll workers preparing for the voting to be held in the state on Saturday, the final day of India’s national election. To mitigate the heat, glucose and electrolytes are being distributed to polling officers, tents are being erected to provide shade and earthenware pots will provide cool water. In the state of Uttar Pradesh, at least six election security workers have died.

New Delhi, where temperatures have approached 122 this week, nearly 20 degrees above normal, recorded its first official heat-related death of the year on Wednesday.

In Jacobabad, long regarded as one of the hottest places on earth, the temperature reached 126 degrees on Sunday, with highs of 124 each of the following three days. About 75 miles away, the Pakistani town of Mohenjo Daro, notable for its Indus Valley civilization sites from 2500 B.C., reached 127 degrees on Sunday, just shy of a record set in 2010.

The blazing temperatures compound the challenges for Pakistan, a country of 241 million people that is already grappling with economic and political turmoil.

For the more than one million people who live in the Jacobabad district, life is dominated by constant efforts to find ways to cope with the heat. Blackouts lasting 12 to 20 hours a day are common, and some villages lack electricity altogether. The absence of necessities like readily available water and proper housing exacerbates the suffering.

Most residents cannot afford air-conditioning or alternatives, like Chinese-made solar power batteries and chargeable fans. A solar panel to run two fans and a lightbulb costs about a month’s wages for laborers in Jacobabad.

The water crisis is so severe that donkeys can be seen on the streets carrying tanks, from which residents buy enough water to fill five small plastic jerrycans for $1. Soaring demand has pushed up the price of ice, making this essential commodity even harder to find.

Many of the poor have no choice but to work outside. Rice, the lifeblood of Pakistan’s agriculture, demands backbreaking labor in the fields from May to July, the hottest months.

For Sahiba, a 25-year-old farmworker who uses one name, each day starts before dawn. She cooks for her family, then walks for miles with other women to reach the fields, where they toil until afternoon under the relentless sun. Nine months pregnant with her 10th child, she carries a double burden.

“If we take a day or half-day break, there’s no daily wage, which means my children go hungry that night,” Ms. Sahiba said.

Each summer, 25 to 30 percent of the district’s population becomes temporary climate refugees, according to community activists. Some seek refuge in Quetta, a city 185 miles north, where the heat is more bearable. Others go to the port city of Karachi, 310 miles south, which has had its own deadly heat waves but offers some relief with its less frequent blackouts.

“Those who can afford it may rent houses in cooler cities, but most residents are simply too poor. They struggle to survive under makeshift tents erected in the open sky,” said Jan Odhano, head of the Community Development Foundation, a Jacobabad-based organization that helps the poor cope with the heat.

Jansher Khoso, a 38-year-old garment worker, knows this struggle all too well.

In 2018, his mother went to the hospital with heatstroke as temperatures spiked in Jacobabad. Now, every April, he sends his family to Quetta, where they remain until the autumn, while he works in Karachi. But this comes at a steep price.

“I work for 16 hours in Karachi to afford the expense of this temporary migration,” Mr. Khoso said, “because I don’t want any of my family members to die in the cruel heat of Jacobabad.”

Jacobabad’s suffering has not been limited to high temperatures. In 2022, monsoon rains and devastating floods — linked to erratic weather patterns associated with climate change — submerged the district and about a third of Pakistan overall, killing at least 1,700 people.

The heat is nothing new in the city, which was named after John Jacob, a British brigadier general who experienced its harsh climate firsthand in the 19th century.

Leading a small force to quell rebel tribes and bandits, General Jacob lost a lieutenant and seven soldiers to the heat on the first day of a 10-mile march. His diary described the wind as “a blast from the furnace” even at night.

To cope with the hostile climate, General Jacob introduced an irrigation system and built three canals to supply fresh river water to residents. Today, the canals are dry and full of garbage.

Suhasini Raj contributed reporting from New Delhi.

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