empirical evidence part of speech

• DOI: 10.1075/BCT.25
• Corpus ID: 61527326

Parts of speech : empirical and theoretical advances

• U. Ansaldo , J. Don , R. Pfau
• Published 15 September 2010
• Linguistics

5 Citations

Control and syntagmatization: vocabulary requirements in information retrieval thesauri and natural language lexicons, grammar efficiency of parts-of-speech systems, grammar efficiency in the development of flexible parts-of-speech systems, reduplication and the structure of nouns in xining chinese, introduction: lexical flexibility in oceanic languages, related papers.

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8. Parts of speech

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• > English Corpus Linguistics
• > The Empirical Study of Language

Book contents

• English Corpus Linguistics
• Copyright page
• Acknowledgments
• 1 The Empirical Study of Language
• 2 Planning the Construction of a Corpus
• 3 Building and Annotating a Corpus
• 4 Analyzing a Corpus
• Concluding Remarks
• Discussion Topics
• Appendix: Corpora
• Bibliography

1 - The Empirical Study of Language

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2023

This chapter focuses on the empirical basis of corpus linguistics, describing how linguistic corpora have played an important role in providing corpus linguists with linguistic evidence to support particular analyses of language. It opens with a discussion of how to define a corpus, and then traces the history of corpus linguistics, noting that as early as the fifteenth century, concordances were created based on the Bible. Later developments included the creation of the Quirk Corpus (print samples of spoken and written English) in 1955 at the Survey of English Usage in University College London, followed (in the 1960s) by the Brown Corpus (edited written American English). There are now online corpora, such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Tools for creating and analyzing corpora have also improved considerably: tagging corpora with part-of-speech information can be done with high levels of accuracy. The chapter closes with a description of the many different areas (e.g. lexicology and sociolinguistics) that have benefited from the use of linguistic corpora as well as a sample linguistic analysis demonstrating that corpus-based methodology and the theory of construction grammar can provide evidence that appositives in English are a type of construction.

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• The Empirical Study of Language
• Charles F. Meyer , University of Massachusetts, Boston
• Book: English Corpus Linguistics
• Online publication: 15 June 2023
• Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107298026.002

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That actually explain what's on your next test, empirical evidence, from class:, speech and debate.

Empirical evidence refers to information that is acquired through observation or experimentation, serving as a basis for knowledge that can be tested and verified. This type of evidence is crucial in forming arguments and evaluating claims, as it relies on real-world data rather than speculation or opinion. The use of empirical evidence strengthens arguments by providing concrete support, making it an essential aspect of analytical reasoning and critical evaluation.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

• Empirical evidence is often gathered through methods such as experiments, surveys, or observational studies, ensuring that findings are based on measurable and observable phenomena.
• In policy debates, empirical evidence helps address stock issues by providing factual support to claims about the need for change and the potential effectiveness of proposed solutions.
• The reliability of empirical evidence can vary depending on the methodology used, so understanding the strength of the research design is important for evaluation.
• Critical thinking skills are enhanced by the ability to interpret and analyze empirical evidence, which allows debaters to construct well-supported arguments.
• In argument analysis, distinguishing between empirical evidence and other types of evidence (like anecdotes or assumptions) is key to assessing the strength and validity of an argument.

Review Questions

• Empirical evidence enhances the quality of arguments by providing solid, testable data that can validate claims. When debaters use empirical evidence, they shift the conversation from subjective opinions to objective facts that can be scrutinized. This not only strengthens their position but also increases credibility among audiences and judges who value research-based conclusions.
• Empirical evidence can be utilized to tackle stock issues by demonstrating the existence of a problem through factual data, showing the effectiveness of a proposed solution with relevant studies, and highlighting potential impacts based on historical or current examples. By relying on empirical findings, debaters can build a compelling case for policy change and respond effectively to opposing arguments.
• Distinguishing between empirical evidence and anecdotal evidence is crucial in argument analysis because it affects the perceived strength and reliability of claims. Empirical evidence, grounded in systematic research and observable data, provides a solid foundation for arguments. In contrast, anecdotal evidence relies on personal stories or isolated incidents, which may not accurately represent broader trends or realities. Recognizing this difference allows debaters to critically assess the validity of arguments presented and effectively counter unsupported claims with stronger empirical support.

Related terms

Anecdotal Evidence : Information based on personal accounts or isolated examples rather than systematic research or statistical analysis.

Quantitative Research : Research that focuses on quantifying data and typically involves statistical analysis to draw conclusions.

Qualitative Research : Research that explores complex phenomena through non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations, to understand concepts and experiences.

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Parts of Speech

Empirical and theoretical advances.

These articles were originally published in Studies in Language 32:3 (2008).

• Parts-of-Speech: Particulars, universals and theoretical constructs Umberto Ansaldo, Jan Don and  Roland Pfau |  pp. 1–4
• Word classes in sign languages: Criteria and classifications Waldemar Schwager and  Ulrike Zeshan |  pp. 5–41
• Roots, stems and word classes Christian Lehmann |  pp. 43–64
• Precategoriality and syntax-based parts of speech : The case of Late Archaic Chinese Walter Bisang |  pp. 65–86
• Covert word classes: Seeking your own syntax in Tukang Besi Mark Donohue |  pp. 87–106
• Pragmatic factors in the development of a switch-adjective language: A case study of the Miyako-Hirara dialect of Ryukyuan Yulia Koloskova and  Toshio Ohori |  pp. 107–133
• The acquisition of syntactic categories in Jakarta Indonesian David Gil |  pp. 135–167
• Possible phonological cues in categorial acquisition: Evidence from adult categorization Jan Don and  Marian Erkelens |  pp. 169–181
• Lexical semantic constraints on noun roots and noun borrowability Lynn Nichols |  pp. 183–200
• Degree words, intensification, and word class distinctions in romance languages Ventura Salazar-García |  pp. 201–226
• On flexible and rigid nouns Jan Rijkhoff |  pp. 227–252
• Parts of speech and dependent clauses in Functional Discourse Grammar Kees Hengeveld and  Eva van Lier |  pp. 253–285
• Languag index |  pp. 287–288
• Subject index |  pp. 289–291

Cited by three other publications

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Linguistics

Main bic subject, main bisac subject.