presentation about ashgabat

• 1 Understand
• 2.1 By plane
• 2.2 By rail
• 3 Get around
• 4.1 Museums
• 4.2 Monuments
• 4.3 Religious sites
• 4.4 Other sites
• 5.1 Theatres
• 5.2 Amusement Centers and Diversions
• 10.1 Internet
• 10.2 Airlines
• 10.3 Emergencies
• 10.4 Embassies and consulates
• 10.5 Medical services
• 10.6 Registration
• 11.1 Nearby
• 11.2.1 By plane
• 11.2.2 By rail
• 11.2.3 By 4WD

Ashgabat ( Turkmen : Aşgabat , also Ashkabat, Ashkhabad, Ashgabad, etc.) is the capital of Turkmenistan , surrounded by Ahal Province . It was designed as to be an impressive capital city, filled with monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble.

Understand [ edit ]

Ashgabat's historical appellation is "The City of Love" but nowadays its modern nickname, "The City of White Marble" will seem vastly more appropriate. Saparmurat Niyazov, the president of Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006, transformed the city from a relatively drab Soviet capital to a city of pure white marble buildings, many containing some rather overbearing symbolism (the Ministry of World Affairs building is a perfect illustration). Short of Pyongyang , Ashgabat is probably the best example of what happens when a city gets redesigned according to the vision of exactly one man, and most visitors will find themselves at first awestruck and then severely confused given the sheer similarity of most of the buildings.

Get in [ edit ]

By plane [ edit ], by rail [ edit ].

Turkmendemiryollari (Turkmenistan Zeleznice) runs trains to Ashgabat from Turkmenbashi and Turkmenabad via Mary .

Trains leave Turkmenbashi every second day at 19:30 and arrive in Ashgabat at 05:20 next morning or daily at 16:05, arriving in Ashgabat at 05:50 next morning. Prices from Ashgabat to Turkmenbashi or Mary vary from 18 to 25 manat in a sleeper train.

Trains leave Turkmenabad at 18:00 and Mary at 00:25 daily and arrive in Ashgabat at 08:20 next morning, Another train leaves Turkmenabad at 21:55 and Mary at 02:50 every second day, arriving in Ashgabat at 09:35 next morning. There is a day train leaving Turkmenabad at 04:20 and Mary at 10:23, arriving in Ashgabat at 18:35.

By car [ edit ]

Distances to Ashgabat: Almaty in Kazakhstan 2120 km, Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan 1870 km, Tashkent in Uzbekistan 1290 km, Samarkand in Uzbekistan 1000 km, Shakrisyabz in Uzbekistan 1100 km, Turkmenabad 590 km, Mary 350 km, Mashhad in Iran 270 km, Dashoguz 650 km.

Get around [ edit ]

"Taxi" , by which everyone means hitchhiking is probably the best way to get around Ashgabat. Simply hold out your arm at a downward angle with two fingers extended, and a car (usually a Lada) will stop. Say where you are going. If they nod, get in, otherwise they will go on and you have to wait for the next car. Expect payment to be about US$2 per person. Hitchhiking is an entirely safe mode of transport in Turkmenistan—everyone uses it.

There are also official taxis which can be easily found in front of the arrivals hall of the airport and close to the railway station. They are safer but more expensive.

Ashgabat has a very extensive and convenient bus system. The main public transport hub is Teke Bazaar . From that place any location within the city or in its environs can be easily reached. In the modern part of the city there are air-conditioned bus stops with detailed maps of routes of every bus line departing from a stop. The cost of a single ride is 0.50 manat. The price should be paid by every passenger to the basket located close to driver's seat while getting off the bus. Alternatively a multi-ride should be presented to the driver.

See [ edit ]

Museums [ edit ].

• 37.881232 58.382318 4 Museum of Turkmen National Values ( inside the Independence Monument ), ☏ +993 12 451954 . Daily 09:00-12:30, 14:00-17:30 . In the first floor, the museum houses displays of silver jewellery for women and horses, and replicas of the golden bull- and wolf-head sculptures from Altyn Depe. US$10, 25,000 manat for photographs .  

Monuments [ edit ]

Religious sites [ edit ]

Other sites [ edit ].

• 38.000052 58.395077 15 Tolkuchka Bazaar ( 8 km north of Ashgabad, past the airport ). Sa Su 08:00-14:00 . One of Central Asia's most colourful bazaars,  

Do [ edit ]

Theatres [ edit ].

• Mollanepes Drama Theatre , Magtymguly sayoli 79 , ☏ +993 12 357463 . W-Sa 19:00 . US$0.25 .  
• Magtymguly Theatre , Shevchenko köcesi , ☏ +993 12 350564 . F-Su 19:00 . Turkmen musical performances  
• Pushkin Russian Theatre , Magtymguly sayoli 142 , ☏ +993 12 3654193 . Sa Su 19:00 . US$0.25 .  

Amusement Centers and Diversions [ edit ]

• 37.8987 58.2993 2 Alem Center . Alem meaning universe, the site boasts another record-setter for the city, as it supposedly holds the world's tallest Ferris wheel in an enclosed space. ( updated May 2022 )
• 37.9212 58.3314 4 Aşgabat Golf klub binasy , ☏ +993 63 93 88 66 . Daily 09:00-22:00 . A golf course that the 2nd president of Turkmenistan summoned Jack Nicklaus to build for his enjoyment in spite of economic hardship in the city. ( updated May 2022 )
• 38.0386 58.0488 5 Asghabat Zoo ( next to the international hippodrome ). Tu-Su 09:00-18:00 . Includes some interesting animals like camels and donkeys suited to life in the Karakum Desert and the Turkomen dog. ( updated May 2022 )

Buy [ edit ]

• 37.8939 58.3698 1 Berkarar , Ataturk St 80 ( opposite Sport Hotel/Olympic Stadium ), ☏ +993 12 46 87 87 . Daily 09:00-22:00 . A very plush and classy mall with ornate escalators; ice rink; 3rd floor mezzanine restaurants with Uzbek, Turkmen, European food; movie theater; and atrium. ( updated May 2022 )
• Tolkuchka Bazaar : 8 km north of Ashgabad, past the airport, Sa Su 08:00 to 14:00, also Th morning at a smaller scale. Buy a telpek (sheepskin) for US$10-15, a khalat (red and yellow striped robe for men) for US$15 or a typical red carpet for US$150-250. Be aware that you also need an export certificate, which you can get at the 'expert commission' behind the Carpet Museum, Görogly köcesi 5.
• 37.9286 58.37134 2 Hemdem Haly ( inside Oguzkent Hotel ), ☏ +993 65 81 13 19 . M-Sa 09:00-20:00, Su 10:00-20:00 . Carpet shop (don't forget to get your export permit at the carpet museum). ( updated May 2022 )
• 37.94163 58.38052 3 State Shopping Center Gulistan ( Russian Bazaar ), 2011 street, Azadi Street 72 ( opposite Grand Turkmen Hotel ), ☏ +993 12 92 07 28 . Daily 08:00-20:00 . Central universal market: fruit, vegetables, handcrafts, clothing.  

Eat [ edit ]

• 37.91358 58.40913 1 Hezzet Restaurant , Oguzhan Street 5/7 , ☏ +993 12 49 80 02 . Daily 10:00-23:00 . Authentic Turkmen food that you can eat seated on the ground in a yurt, or at a table, stuff like shashlik. ( updated May 2022 )
• 37.92807 58.34669 2 AlpEt Steakhouse , Rd of 9th Km ( next to Hotel Ashgabat ), ☏ +993 12 95 19 51 . Daily 08:00-23:00 . Have the steak, or just some coffee. ( updated May 2022 )
• Altyn Jam , Magtymgily sayoli 101 , ☏ +993 12 93-02-22 . European dishes and sweets.  

Drink [ edit ]

• City Pub , Alisher Navoi 54a Köçesi . ( updated May 2022 )

Cope [ edit ]

Internet [ edit ].

Internet cafes are available at some locations around town. Price is 6 TMT per hour.

• Yimpas Shopping Center
• Great Turkman Hotel
• Russian Market
• Sofitel, aka Oguz Kent, Features free WiFi in lobby and bar. (Ssd: Wireless; username: white; password: city)

Airlines [ edit ]

• Aeroflot , Turkmenistan Söwda merkazi, Magtymguly sayoli 73 , ☏ +993 12 398792 .  
• British Airways , Grand Turkmen Hotel, Görogly köcesi 71 , ☏ +993 12 510799 .  
• Lufthansa , http://www.lufthansa.com ( Main concourse, Saparmurat Turkmenbash Airport ), ☏ +993 12 510684 , +993 12 510331 .  
• Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) , Magtymguly sayoli 71 , ☏ +993 12 511838 .  
• Turkish Airlines , Ataturk Str. 82, Office A7-A8 , ☏ +993 12 46 99 01 , +993 12 23 20 59 .  
• Turkmenistan Airlines , Magtymguly sayoli 82 , ☏ +993 12 352643 , +993 12 394271 .  
• Uzbekistan Havo Yullari/Uzbekistan Airways , Main Concourse, Saparmurat Turkmenbashi Airport , ☏ +993 12 378203 .  
• Belavia , st. 2028 (Govshudova) 50/2, 4th Floor , ☏ +993 12 92 64 09 .  

Emergencies [ edit ]

Dial 01 for the fire brigade, 02 for police, 03 for ambulance. Be aware that the operators will speak Turkmen and Russian only.

Embassies and consulates [ edit ]

Medical services [ edit ].

• Central Hospital , Emre köcesi 1, ☏ +993 12 450303 or ☏ +993 12 450331 . Foreigners have to pay for their medical treatment.
• International Medical Center , Berzegi, ☏ +993 12 519006 or ☏ +993 12 519008 .
• Lechebnii Hospital , Shevchenko sayoli, ☏ +993 12 390877 .
• Dr.Arslan Nepesow , Turkembashi köcesi 124, ☏ +993 12 425250 .

Registration [ edit ]

• OVIR (State Service for the Registration of Foreign Citizens) , 2011 köcesi 57, ☏ +993 12 391337 , 09:00-13:00, 14:00-17:00. All persons entering Turkmenistan on a tourist or business visa have to register within three working days. You need three passport photos and your entry card. In most cases the tour operator that invited you will organise this for you. Persons holding transit visa are not required to register.

Go next [ edit ]

Nearby [ edit ].

• Nissa , 15 km west of Ashgabat, settlement dating back to the 2nd cent BC
• Geok Depe , 50 km west of Ashgabat, site of the final battle between troops of Turkmen and tsarist troops in 1881/84, Saparmurat Hags Mosque, erected by President Turkmenbashi
• Bakharden , 100 km West of Ashgabat, near the Kopet Dag mountains, cave with the Köw Ata Lake with hot thermal water, however, smelling of sulphur, a favorite place for excursion for people of Ashgabat at weekends.
• Nokhur , 150 km from Ashgabar in South Western Turkmenistan in the valleys of the Kopet Dag mountains. The people of Nokhur claim to be direct descendants of Macedonian warriors of Alexander the Great's times,
• Anau , 15 km south east of Ashgabat
• Altyn Depe is a settlement of the Eneolithic and Bronze Ages. It has been extensively excavated during the Soviet period. The settlement has specialised potter's quarters, evidence of a differentiation of the living quarters according to the wealth of their inhabitants and a monumental cult complex. During excavations a small golden head of a wolf and a bull were found. According to the Russian archaeologist V.M. Masson, the cult complex was dedicated to the Moon Good as in Mesopotamia. The site was abandoned in the middle of the second millennium BC.

Farther afield [ edit ]

Turkmenistan Airlines offered domestic flights to Dashogus (6 flights per day), Mary (3 flights per day), Turkmenabat (5 flights per day) and Turkmenbashi (3 flights per day), as of 2009.

Turkmendemiryollari (Turkmenistan Zeleznice) ( ☏ +993 12 255545 ) runs trains from Ashgabat to Turkmenbashi and Turkmenabat via Mary .

Train 24 to Turkmenbashi leaves Ashgabat every second day at 20:40 and arrives at Turkmenbashi at 06:55 next morning. Train 606 leaves Ashgabat daily at 20:10, arriving in Turkmenbashi at 09:15 next morning.

Trains to Turkmenabat and Mary leave Ashabat at 07:40 daily, arriving at Mary at 17:00 and at Turkmenabat at 23:00. Train 195 leaves Ashabat daily at 17:20 and arrives at Turkmenabat at 07:35 next morning. Train 21 leaves Ashabat every second day at 22:10, and arrives at Mary at 05:25 and at Turkmenabat at 09:40 next morning.

By 4WD [ edit ]

Ashgabat is probably the best place to hire someone to take you to Darvaza . The trip requires going off-road and is probably best not left to you average Lada.

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With its lavish marble palaces, gleaming gold domes and vast expanses of manicured parkland, Ashgabat (‘the city of love’ in Arabic) has reinvented itself as a showcase city for the newly independent republic and is definitely one of Central Asia's – if not the world's – strangest places. Built almost entirely off the receipts of Turkmenistan’s oil and gas revenues, the city’s transformation continues at break-neck speed, with whole neighbourhoods facing the wrecking ball in the name of progress, and gleaming white marble monoliths springing up overnight like mushrooms.

Attractions

Must-see attractions.

National Museum

Looking like a lost palace in the urban desert, the National Museum occupies a striking position in front of the Kopet Dag. It’s actually a collection of…

Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex

Unveiled in 2014, this vast complex features three memorials honouring those that died in the 1948 earthquake, soldiers who perished in WWII and those…

Independence Square

At the centre of Ashgabat is the enormous Independence Square, on which sits the golden-domed Palace of Turkmenbashi (the place of work of the former…

Arch of Neutrality

Once the centrepiece of Niyazov's Ashgabat, the Arch of Neutrality was erected to celebrate the Turkmen people's unsurprisingly unanimous endorsement of…

Carpet Museum

While there’s a limit to the number of rugs the average visitor can stand, the central exhibit, the world’s largest handwoven rug, really is something to…

Museum of Fine Arts

The Museum of Fine Arts is located in an impressive building with a big rotunda, two tiers and lots of gold. The collection contains some great Soviet…

Independence Park

The Altyn Asyr Shopping Centre is the curious pyramidal shopping centre at the northern end of Independence Park. The Monument to the Independence of…

Statue of Lenin

The statue of Lenin, in a small park off Azadi köçesi, is a charmingly incongruous assembly of a tiny Lenin on an enormous and very Central Asian plinth…

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Ashgabat is a wealthy city packed with marble palaces, shining gold domes, and large expanses of polished streets. Ashgabat means “the city of love” translated from the Arabic language and it was founded in 1881. The city is located 25 km north of the border with Iran, in the Kopet Dag foothills. There are 650,000 people living in the capital of Turkmenistan.

The city has been listed in the Guinness Book of Records several times as a city with the largest number of buildings, finished with white marble, of which there are about 543 in Ashgabat. The world’s tallest flagpole 133 meters, which is now held by Saudi Arabia with a height of 170 meters. The largest Ferris wheel, the largest fountain complex “Oguzkhan and Sons” with a fountain total area of 15 hectares and finally, the biggest architectural monument with the shape of a star: “The Oguzkhan Star” on Turkmen television tower.

Niyazov, the ex-president of Turkmenistan, declared himself Turkmenbashi, or “Father of All Turkmen,” and “President for Life. Niyazov famously had a gold statue of himself erected in the center of Ashgabat which even rotated and more of golden statues across the country. In 2006, Niyazov died of a heart failure. 

His successor, Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, a former Health Minister took over the new position and that rotating monument was moved to the outskirts of the city. Today, Berdymukhamedov has his own gold monument, in the form of a Bronze Horseman similar to the monument that Catherine the Great had built in St Petersburg to honor Peter the Great.

History of Ashgabat

Ashgabat was only formed at the beginning and middle of the 20th century, around a Russian fortress, that was built-in 1881 at the crossroads of the caravan routes. Ashgabat became a wealthy city, mainly due to being the Russian frontier town on the Trans-Caspian railway. But, at 1 am on 6th of October in 1948, the city vanished in less than a minute, destroyed by a powerful earthquake, later measured nine on the Richter scale. More than 110 000 Turkmen died decreasing the population greatly. Although the official figure was 14 000 it was the era of Stalin, when socialist countries didn’t officially suffer disasters. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan took the title of the most authoritarian of all former Soviet states. The country’s post-Soviet leader Saparmurat Niyazov, formed a political system based on strict control and hydrocarbon wealth. Furthermore, he set an ambitious plan to change the appearance of Ashgabat which today looks like something being in between Las Vegas and Pyongyang.  

The popular legend related to the origin of the name of Ashgabat runs roughly as follows: The children of the rulers of Nisa and Anau fell in love. They fled into the mountains, but their god disapproved of their romance and caused all springs and rivers to run dry as they approached them. The lovers were on the point of dying of thirst and the angel of death was sent to them. But the angel was so enraptured by the beauty of the young woman that he forgot all about his task. At this, a spring of clear water suddenly appeared from the ground, the young couple was saved and decided to settle on that spot. Ashgabat was born.

Ashgabat Sights

Central ashgabat.

The main roads of the city are the Turkmenbashi avenue, which stretches from the train station to the new area of Berzengi, and Magtymguly avenue running east to west perpendicular with the Turkmenbashi avenue. Numerous of the city’s landmarks and organizations are on or near these streets. Turkmenbashy Square in the main center of town was allocated the number 2000, the first year of Turkmenistan’s ‘Golden Century’. The numbers of other streets generally fall to the east of this central square, and rise to the west of it, though there seems to be little clear logic in the assignation of numbers to streets. All the streets used to have only numbers as their names, but they have now been mostly returned to alphabetical names.

Ashgabat Berzengi District

Berzengi district is the main pride of Ashgabat, an entirely artificial new world of white-marble tower blocks, fountains, parks and general emptiness that ends in the Berzengi Highway where a most of the city’s hotels are located. Berzengi district was one of the main focus areas for the Ashgabat redevelopment project of President Niyazov. Today it is one of its major features of the city, with governmental hotels, built by numerous Turkmen government organizations on the president’s instruction in the mid-1990s. The hotels are all composed of different styles, varying from exotic to mundane. Others are more equipped up for Turkmen wedding parties than for tourists. Although, even if you are not staying here, the hotel strip of Berzengi is worth visiting as one of the more unusual sights of post-independence Ashgabat. 

Independence Park

Taking Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Shayoly street, southwards from the city center, behind the Yimpash shopping center and the Olympic Stadium, you finally reach on your left the largest and most impressive park of Ashgabat, called the Turkmenistan Independence Park. The park was first set in 1993.  Most of the area is covered by plantings of coniferous trees occupying an area of almost 2km long and 1km wide. The park also holds a large number of the most significant monuments of Ashgabat.

Ashgabat Independence Monument

Independence Monument stands on the highest ground in the Independence park, at its southern end. The city’s main attraction  is a 118 m high column crowned with a crescent moon and five stars. This column is set on a semicircular sphere, symbolizing a yurt. Independence Monument is surrounded by a series of statues of the historical leaders, notable Turkmen poets and figures of legends whose lives and works are praised in Ruhnama and the other nation-building works of the Turkmen government. 

Five stars are a representation of the unity of the five largest Turkmen tribes which have been living on the Turkmenistan territory since ancient times. The independence monument has been given the nickname ‘eight legs’, a reference to the eight struts across the domed base, that water flows down from.  There is a viewing platform at the height of 91 m, reached by a lift inside the column, though this is open only to members of official delegations, with prior permission. 

A pathway leads to the Independence Monument from Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Shayoly and it is guarded by four large statues of Turkmen warriors. Then you are greeted by a golden statue of ex-President Niyazov, with a two-man guard of honor. 

The president’s statue stands at the heart of a pentagonal fountain, which also includes five golden five-headed eagles, each in the process of crushing a two-headed snake. Jets of water spout from 35 of the possible 36 mouths in the composition. This statue is a favored place for Turkmen newly-weds to be photographed. 

Ruhnama Book Monument

On the western side of the park is the Ruhnama Park which, according to the English-language inscription on the plaque at the entrance, was ‘completed in February 2003’. The completed park is an honor to President Niyazov’s book and is centered on a huge statue of Ruhma in the shape of a giant-sized replica of the green cover book. The book was  written by Turkmenbashi, the first President of Turkmenistan, himself. During the special occasions, the book opens up to create a double-paged ‘screen’ on which images of the achievements of post-independence Turkmenistan are projected.  The book, considered holy for Turkmens, describes the first President’s biography, country’s history and the basic commandments and moral principles the Turkmenistan people should follow.

Monument of Neutrality

As with any cult of personality, Turkmenistan’s cult of personality  Niyazov, who ruled for over two decades, made Ashgabat a centerpiece of the country. As one of the monuments built by the cult, the arch of neutrality was also built.

Arch of the neutrality is a 75 m high rocket-shaped tower topped with a gold statue of Niyazov, which rotated throughout the day so that his face is always basking in the sun. Built-in 1998, the marble-covered monument honored his adoption of neutrality as his official policy, and cost over $12 million to create.

Constitution Monument

The Constitution monument sparkles in the daylight and glows at night with the colorful lights. The height of the monument, including the spire, reaches up to 185 meters, symbolizing the date of adoption of the Constitution 18th day of the 5th month. Furthermore, this figure has another meaning with 185 UN member states recognizing the neutral status of Turkmenistan. The height of the tetrahedral tower, decorated with Turkmen carpet ornaments on all sides and topped with a spire with a gold crescent and five stars, is 91 meters, which indicates the year of independence of the country. 

The tower rises from a three-stage 27-meter base, shaped like the legendary star of Oguz Khan as well as a 10-meter platform with porticos, cascading fountains and grand staircase on all sides. These parameters 27 and 10 are the date and month of the establishment of the Turkmen state. Two viewing platforms, located at the level of 27 and 118 meters, offer a scenic panorama of the capital and its suburbs. The monument to the Constitution is surrounded by a square with fountains and a forest park zone. 

Once you enter the building you can see screens providing information about the monument to the Constitution in three languages – Turkmen, Russian and English. In the six halls of the museum, there are also touch screens and displays with images in a 3D format that allow visitors to get visual information about the modern Turkmen state, constitutional lawmaking, history and cultural heritage of the Turkmen people. 

The museum also has a traditional exhibition with  original souvenirs made from precious metals and stones, state awards of Turkmenistan and various commemorative coins. Ancient manuscripts, samples of clothing and jewelry, musical instruments, household utensils, as well as some archaeological findings characterizing different periods of history are  placed in the many showcases.

Galkynysh Area

In January of 2011, the list of sites of Ashgabat was complemented with the square of Revival (Galkynysh) at the intersection of two avenues – Turkmenbashi and Galkynysh, with an impressive monument in its center – a triumphal column crowned with the globe and a presidential standard.  A monument to the Constitution, the five-star hotel “Nusai” and Presidential Palace Complex “Oguzkhan” were inaugurated in Ashgabat on one of the main national holidays – Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Makhtumkuli, coinciding with the day of adoption of the Constitution of Turkmenistan. Simultaneously, a complex of buildings of the Main Directorate of Civil Defence and Rescue Work of the Ministry of Defence of were revealed, forming the south-western part of the new square together with the already existing university and other grand buildings.

Presidential Palace Complex "Oguzkhan"

“Oguzkhan” Presidential Palace Complex is a white marble structure an  official residence and principal workplace of the President of Turkmenistan. It has been the site of the presidential headquarters and home of the president of Turkmenistan since the late 1990s. Ex-president Saparmurat Niyazov lived in the palace between 1997 and his death in 2006. Presidential Palace, was built in Ashgabat, in 1994-1997 by French company Bouygues on an order of the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov.  Interior rooms trimmed with marble and fine wood. For the interior decoration of the palace for 55 thousand dollars was ordered 14 handmade carpets with a total area of 218 square. m.  According to various reports, its value amounted to 70 – 80 million dollars. 

The new building was built in May 2011 replacing the smaller Turkmenbashyy Palace located nearby. The Palace is part of a larger complex also containing the Presidential Palace which is on the west side of the complex bordered by the Independence Square. The complex is bordered on the north by Palace Street, former Karl Marx Street and on the south by Renaissance Street.  Keep in mind that taking a picture of thee structure is forbidden. 

Wedding Palace

The Wedding Palace “Bagt Koshgi” (Palace of Happiness) was introduced in Ashgabat for the celebration of the 20th anniversary of Turkmenistan’s independence. The palace was built by a Turkish construction company by the order of the Government of Turkmenistan.  The building, consisting of 11 floors, each side of which is an eight-pointed star by shape, impresses with its uniqueness. At the top of the building there is a cube with a 32-meter sphere inside. This shape symbolizes the planet, where the map of Turkmenistan is also depicted. The Wedding Palace can register 7 to 12 pairs of newlyweds at the same time. It consists of three halls for celebrations, seven banquet halls for weddings, dozens of shops and different services, including wedding dress shops, wedding decoration of cars, rentals of jewelry and national embroideries, photo and beauty salons and finally parking spaces.

Palace of the Knowledge

Palace of the Knowledge is located on the Southern part of Independence Park. It has three large buildings that include a library, concert hall, and the Turkmenbashi Museum. The museum houses all the gifts and awards presented to former President Niyazov by various people around the world including especially lots of gold. 

Ashgabat Museums

National museum of turkmenistan.

National Museum of Turkmenistan is a gorgeous building in the southern suburb of Berzengi and the Western part of Independence Park. The museum lies just against the Kopet Dag Mountains in the south. National Museum was opened in 1998 during the visit of the former Turkish President Demirel. A path leads up to the museum from Archabil Highway taking you past twin sculptures of winged horses and zig-zagging columned arcades, that trace a complex pattern around the central museum building.

The State Museum of the State Cultural Center of Turkmenistan is the first and largest one of the 26 museums established following the independence of Turkmenistan. Five clusters of columns, representing the five Turkmen regions, support the dome. In the center of the space between them is a model of the Turkmen state emblem, on a golden plinth. Between the columns, there are display cases with copies of the texts of some of the key documents in the life of post-independence Turkmenistan, including the 1995 UN General Assembly resolution granting the country its neutrality. The permanent collection of the museum is laid out in eight halls on the ground and first floors. The second floor is used to house temporary exhibitions, usually coinciding with the main national holiday events.

Turkmen Carpet Museum

The Turkmen Carpet Museum sits at 5 Georogly street. The museum presents a large range of carpets from across Turkmenistan in its two floors of galleries, which are located on both sides of the entrance hall. Left side of the ground floor presents the Yomud carpets from western Turkmenistan.

On the first floor there are also many Tekke and Sarik carpets and carpet bags. The displays feature both antique pieces of the 18th and 19th centuries and modern designs, the latter sometimes making a political statement. A carpet from 1968, incorporating designs characteristic of different regions of Turkmenistan, is labeled “The carpet of the brotherhood of all Turkmen tribes”. Nearby is also a carpet representing the family of President Niyazov.

The space between these galleries is occupied by a hall, that has a back wall covered by a huge Tekke carpet, covering an area of 193 m2. This was the work of 40 carpet-makers, who worked during 1941-42 to produce a carpet intended to be used as a curtain at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. It was reported to be too heavy for that purpose and was therefore returned to Turkmenistan. A small carpet at its base lists the names of the carpet-makers who worked on this great project.

This huge carpet is a miniature in comparison with the one hiding in an extension building at the end of the western gallery of the museum. This is a Tekke carpet, covering 301 m2, a prodigious 21,2 m in length and 14 m in width. It was woven in 2001 by 40 carpet-makers of the Baharly state carpet enterprise, who completed the task in time for the tenth anniversary of Turkmenistan’s independence. The carpet is dedicated to the ‘golden age of Saparmurat Turkmenbashy the Great’, and includes President Niyazov’s signature in yellow lettering. There is a certificate proudly attached to the carpet from “Guinness World Records”, supporting the claim that this is indeed the largest hand-woven carpet in the world. The extension building was constructed specifically to house it. 

Turkmenbashi Cableway

Turkmenbashi Cableway provides magnificent views of Ashgabat and the surrounding desert. It starts from the base of the Kopet Dag, south of the National Museum and climbs to a height of 1293 m above sea level on a lower peak of the Kopet Dag. The top terminal has souvenir shops, a restaurant, cafe, picnic spots, several high-powered telescopes for sightseeing and an 80 m high artificial waterfall. It takes 10 minutes to travel the 3,5 km long cableway. 

Ashgabat Bazaars

Gulustan bazaar.

Gulustan Bazaar is also known as the Russian Bazaar among residents is the largest and oldest covered bazaar located in the center of Ashgabat. The bazaar was established in 1972-1982 with the intention of a Russian architect along with other constructions that were involved in the “Ashgabat Reconstruction Program of 1970-1980. Gulustan Bazaar stands in the solid Soviet structure, based around ten pillars, each supporting a section of the roof. Its central area is filled with fruits, vegetables and other groceries. The central area is surrounded by a line of shops, selling more imported goods, alcohol and household stuff. Clothes stalls surround the main market space to the south and east. 

Alemgoshar Bazaar

Alemgoshar Bazaar is a cozy suburban market, sits in the southeastern part of the city, and is more widely known as the “Sto Fantanov” (‘100 Fountains’) Bazaar, after a fountain ensemble which lies close by, in the strip of parkland running beside the adjacent 1934 Kochesi. The 100 fountains themselves, built as part of the commemorations in 1981 to mark the 100th anniversary of the foundation of Ashgabat, are less than exciting. 100 little tiled circles, from the centers of which water presumably once spouted, sitting in a basin. Nearby, 100 plane trees are another result of what seem to have been celebrations by numbers. The bazaar is focused on a fruit and vegetable market, with several rows of clothes stores behind.

Guneshli Bazaar

Guneshli Bazaar means “Sunny Market” which is better known by its Russian name “Optovi” which means wholesale market. It is located on a scruffy plot at the southern edge of town, on the corner of 1945 Kochesi and 1946 Kochesi. There you can get imported packet food, household goods, alcohol and boxes of cigarettes from stalls housed in metal containers. 

Kopetdag Bazaar

Kopetdag bazaar   lies along 1995 Kochesi, east of the Hotel Nissa. It is commonly known as the ‘Old Fair’, or often simply as the Domiki (‘little houses’), since the stalls comprise chalets, in front of which are metal-framed tented spaces in which the wares are presented. Most of the stalls sell imported clothing and footwear, though a couple of places offer Turkmen handicrafts and carpets.

Around Ashgabat

Altyn asyr bazar.

Altyn Asyr Bazaar (official name) is more known with its Russian name “Tolkuchka”. It is officially known as the Number 4 Bazaar and also carries the Turkmen name ‘Jygyldyk’, but it is the Russian name that has stuck. Tolkuchka means, roughly, ‘Little Push’, and it seems a more appropriate name for the bazaar. This is the largest bazaar in Ashgabat and Turkmenistan and one of Turkmenistan’s major sights. Nevertheless, it is only open from around 08.00-14.00 on Thursdays, Saturdays and is particularly populated on Sundays. 

Tolkuchka Bazaar is located in the outskirt of Ashgabat in the residential area of Choganly. Like any other bazaar, it is a colorful, chaotic place, offering wildly contrasting sights. The marked is packed with everything from animals to Korean carrot salads and certainly some Chinese clothing and shoes with names like “DG” written often little bit inaccurately. Whatever you want, it’s sold at Tolkuchka, but primarily from the point of view of tourists, it is popular for the carpets. If you purchase any carpet remember to get an export certificate for it from the carpet museum before taking it out of the country.  Watch out for pickpockets in the bustle of bazar.

Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque

Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque is the greatest mosque in Central Asia that can hold about twenty thousand men and women at the same time. The floor of the mosque is covered in handmade Turkmen praying mats and an enormous eight-sided carpet decorates the very center of the mosque. The mosque consists of two floors: on the first floor, men pray and on the second, women. Furthermore, it has four minarets and a golden dome sits the central upper part of the mosque. The height of each minaret is 91 m, and the dome is 50 m high, covered in gold. 

The mosque is enclosed by extravagant fountains and gardens. There is also a huge underground parking area for around 100 buses and 400 cars. The total area of this complex is 36 ha. The mausoleum of the first President of Turkmenistan, Turkmenbashy, and his family is settled next to the mosque. At the opposite of the entrance to the mausoleum, you can notice the memorial statue in remembrance of the 1948 earthquake in which thousands of people died. In the center of the mausoleum rests the tomb of the late Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy, surrounded by those of his family members who died in World War II and the 1948 earthquake in Ashgabat.

How to Get to Ashgabat

All international flights to Turkmenistan arrive here and Ashgabat is also the point of arrival and departure for each domestic flight, except one route between Dashoguz and Turkmenbashy. From Ashgabat, there are five flights daily to Dashoguz, two to Mary, four to Turkmenabat, and three to Turkmenbashy. There is also a thrice-weekly (Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays) flight to Balkanabat. All internal flights currently use Boeing 717 aircraft. 

Initially known as Saparmurat Turkmenbashy International Airport today is nowadays called just Ashgabat International Airport. It lies at the northwestern edge of the city, some 5 km north of Magtymguly Shayoly. The best (and cheapest) way into the center of Ashgabat from the Airport is to take a shared taxi.

Turkmenistan trains are a rather good, affordable and convenient way to move around the country. Particularly night trains are a good option to save up on accommodation for visitors on a tight budget. Trains however are not always the fastest way to travel inside Turkmenistan. If you are seeking a faster way, airplane, bus, and shared taxi are often better options. 

Two trains a day head westwards towards Turkmenbashy. Three trains head east: to Atamurat, Serhetabat and the long journey to Dashoguz via Turkmenabat. There is also a twice-weekly departure to Serakhs. Ticket prices are inexpensive, though vary considerably depending on the class of the seat. The real cost of rail travel in Turkmenistan is measured in time more than distance: around nine hours to Balkanabat, 13 to Turkmenbashy or Turkmenabat, and 24 to Dashoguz. 

The Ashgabat’s railway station sits at the northern end of Turkmenbashy Shayoly. You can notice the building right away, with a central spire topped by a crescent and five stars. Its domed central hall features a design-heavy on five-pointed Soviet stars and bunches of wheat. You can check train schedules on the official website .

Bus - Minibus - Taxi

Turkmenistan can also be entered by road borders through the neighboring countries. Turkmenistan shares borders with Iran, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan. Once entering a border, you have to pay 14$ entry tax and they can only be paid in US dollars. If you are entering by car, expect the different taxes to be more than about 100$. Make sure to keep an eye on your belongings as there have been reports of robbery in the border control, perhaps by the Turkmen border guards. Remember also to keep in mind what you are carrying to the country since there are regulations for example about the cigarettes, alcohol and certain type of medicines like painkillers and sleeping pills.

Most tourists cross to Turkmenistan via Uzbekistan due to the geographical position.  The most popular border is the Farap border not far from Bukhara .  There are taxis waiting to offer their services on both sides of the border and if you want to save, you can share the car with other travelers. The  Kazakhstan border from the Zhanaozen-Turkmenbashi road is not very popular popular as the road conditions are not the most pleasant ones and taxi services are expensive due to the long distance and somewhat low demand.  The border control point to Iran is located in the town called Seraksh, which is about two hour away from Mary. There is a twin town with the same name on the Iran side of the border. 

International bus station of Ashgabat is located at very northern end of the city not far from the Altyn Ashyr bazar.

Ashgabat Public Transportation

The most popular mode of travel around the city are the white buses.  Yet there no maps or lists of routes much available, so you’ll need to ask locals which bus to take wherever you want to go. Like in almost every other city in the former Soviet Union, you can just hold out your arm on the street and a car will soon stop and give you a lift to wherever you need to go and prices can be negotiated. Ashgabat has no metro or tram system. Taxis are of course always an option.

Sights and destinations near Ahsgabat

All turkmenistan destinations & sights.

Page updated 6.3.2021

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Sanjana Varghese

Inside Ashgabat, Turkmenistan's absurd city of world records

Ashgabat, the capital of the central Asian nation of Turkmenistan, is notable for three architectural accomplishments. First, it holds the world record for the highest concentration of white marble-clad buildings – in 2013 (the last year for which official records are available), there were 543 in an area of 4.5m square metres. Second, the city has the highest number of fountain pools in a public space – the Ashgabat Fountain, which sits on the road from the airport to the city, includes 27 synchronised and fully-programmable fountains in an area of about 15ha. And third, there is the world’s largest indoor Ferris wheel – a 47.6m affair, at the Alem entertainment centre in the south of the city, that cost £57m to build.

The unique look of Ashgabat is partly due to president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow’s obsession with breaking records. Another factor is the legacy of post-Soviet leader Saparmurat Niyazov. During his 15-year reign, from 1990 to 2006, after independence from the Soviet Union, Niyazov reshaped the country in his own image: he rechristened months and weekdays to reference his life (April was named after his mother, Gurbansoltan); had golden statues made in his likeness; and covered any vestige of what had happened before his presidency under tonnes of marble.

“The Turkmen government has been on a reconstruction and beautification campaign since the 1990s,” says Rachel Denber, deputy director for Europe and Central Asia at Human Rights Watch. “They’ve demolished large swathes of the city to build monuments and high-rise buildings.” Families have been pushed to the outskirts, often into tiny apartments. Water supply is insecure. Turkmenistan is more than 70 per cent desert, and around 90 per cent of its water comes from a single source: the Amu Darya river. After extravagant fountains started springing up in Ashgabat’s public squares, the water was diverted to supply them, leaving households painfully underserved.

Turkmenistan is also home to the world’s largest reserve of natural gas, but amid fluctuations in global energy prices, Berdimuhamedow has been trying to rebrand the country as a tourist destination. This effort accelerated in 2010, when Ashgabat was picked to host the Asian Indoor Games of 2017. The government commissioned grandiose new monuments, renovated the city’s main stadium and built a village for the athletes. But with most of its citizens confined to the outskirts and tourist visas hard to obtain, Ashgabat’s buildings see very little footfall. A bird-shaped international airport, relaunched in 2016 after a £1.7bn makeover, was intended to handle 1,600 passengers per hour; it currently operates at 10 per cent of that. “It’s a foreboding landscape,” Denber says.

This article was originally published by WIRED UK

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Morgan Meaker

Paresh Dave

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Jeremy White

41 Facts About ASHGABAT

Written by Bobine Argo

Modified & Updated: 23 May 2024

Reviewed by Sherman Smith

Ashgabat, the vibrant capital city of Turkmenistan, is a hidden gem waiting to be discovered. With its rich history, stunning architecture, and unique culture, there is no shortage of fascinating facts to learn about this captivating city. From the gleaming white marble buildings that dot the landscape to the futuristic skyline that showcases the country’s modernity, Ashgabat is a city that seamlessly blends the old with the new.

In this article, we will uncover 41 facts about Ashgabat that will leave you in awe of its beauty and cultural heritage. Whether you are planning a visit to this remarkable city or are simply curious about its wonders, join us as we delve into the intriguing world of Ashgabat and uncover the secrets that make it a truly exceptional destination.

Key Takeaways:

• Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, is a city of stunning white marble buildings, rich cultural heritage, and warm hospitality, making it a hidden gem for adventurous travelers to explore.
• From the world’s largest handmade carpet to the tallest flagpole, Ashgabat offers a unique blend of modernity and tradition, vibrant festivals, and a safe, welcoming environment for visitors to enjoy.

Ashgabat is the capital city of Turkmenistan.

Ashgabat, with its vibrant culture and stunning architecture, is the political, economic, and cultural center of Turkmenistan .

The name Ashgabat means “city of love” in Turkmen.

The name Ashgabat reflects the warm hospitality and affectionate nature of its residents.

Ashgabat is known for its beautiful white marble buildings.

The city boasts an impressive skyline adorned with gleaming white marble structures, giving it a unique and luxurious appearance.

It holds the Guinness World Record for having the highest density of white marble buildings.

Ashgabat’s dedication to white marble architecture has earned it a well-deserved place in the Guinness World Records.

Ashgabat is one of the least visited capital cities in the world.

Despite its grandeur, Ashgabat remains relatively undiscovered by tourists, making it a hidden gem waiting to be explored.

The city has a population of approximately one million people.

Although not heavily populated, Ashgabat is a bustling city that offers a unique mix of modern amenities and traditional charm.

Ashgabat is located in the southwestern part of Turkmenistan.

Situated in a picturesque valley surrounded by mountains, Ashgabat enjoys breathtaking natural beauty.

The city experiences a hot desert climate.

Ashgabat is known for its scorching summers and mild winters, with extremely low levels of rainfall throughout the year.

Ashgabat is home to many impressive museums and cultural institutions.

From the National Museum of Turkmenistan to the Turkmen Carpet Museum, the city offers a rich cultural experience for visitors.

The Turkmenistan Tower in Ashgabat is one of the tallest structures in Central Asia.

This towering structure, standing at an impressive height, offers panoramic views of the city and its surroundings.

Ashgabat is known for its extravagant celebrations and festivals.

From colorful national holidays to cultural festivals, the city is always alive with vibrant energy and joyful festivities throughout the year.

The city hosted the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in 2017.

Ashgabat welcomed athletes and spectators from across the continent for this prestigious multi-sport event.

Ashgabat has an extensive public transportation system.

Visitors can easily navigate the city using buses, trams, and taxis, making it convenient to explore Ashgabat’s attractions.

The Wedding Palace in Ashgabat is an iconic landmark.

With its unique design resembling a wedding cake, the Wedding Palace is a popular site for wedding ceremonies and celebrations.

Ashgabat is home to the impressive Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center.

This architectural masterpiece offers a blend of entertainment, education, and cultural experiences under one roof.

The city is known for its numerous golden statues and monuments.

From statues of national heroes to grand architectural landmarks, Ashgabat’s golden structures add to its opulent aesthetic.

Ashgabat is known for its love of horses.

Horse racing, equestrian sports, and equestrian-themed events are an integral part of the city’s cultural heritage.

The National Museum of Turkmenistan houses a vast collection of historical artifacts.

Visitors can explore the rich history and cultural heritage of Turkmenistan through the museum’s impressive exhibits.

Ashgabat is home to the world’s largest handmade carpet.

The magnificent carpet, known as the “ Turkmen Carpet”, holds the Guinness World Record for its colossal size and intricate design.

The city has a thriving traditional bazaar called Tolkuchka Market.

Here, visitors can immerse themselves in the bustling atmosphere and find a wide variety of goods, from traditional crafts to local produce.

Ashgabat has a strong focus on preserving its cultural heritage.

The city government actively promotes traditional arts, crafts, and music to ensure the rich heritage of Turkmen culture continues to thrive.

The Independence Monument is a significant landmark in Ashgabat.

This grand monument commemorates Turkmenistan’s independence from the Soviet Union and symbolizes the country’s sovereignty .

Ashgabat is well-connected by air.

The city is served by Ashgabat International Airport, which offers both domestic and international flights.

The Neutrality Arch is a prominent symbol of the country’s neutrality.

This iconic arch stands tall as a testament to Turkmenistan’s commitment to peace and non-alignment.

Ashgabat is home to the largest indoor Ferris wheel in the world.

Visitors can enjoy breathtaking views of the cityscape from the top of this impressive Ferris wheel .

The city’s economy is primarily fueled by natural gas reserves.

Turkmenistan’s vast natural gas reserves play a crucial role in driving the economy of Ashgabat and the entire country.

Ashgabat has a diverse culinary scene.

Visitors can indulge in a variety of delicious local dishes, influenced by Turkmen, Russian, and Persian cuisines.

The city is home to Ashgabat Zoo, housing a wide range of animal species.

Animal lovers can visit this zoo to see a fascinating array of wildlife from around the world.

Ashgabat is famous for its beautiful parks and green spaces.

Residents and visitors can enjoy leisurely walks, picnics, and outdoor activities in the city’s well-maintained parks.

The Turkmen Flagpole in Ashgabat is one of the tallest flagpoles in the world.

Standing proudly, this enormous flagpole proudly displays the national flag of Turkmenistan.

The city is home to the largest mosque in Central Asia, the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque.

This grand mosque is an architectural marvel and a significant religious landmark in Ashgabat.

Ashgabat is a city of contrasts.

The city seamlessly blends new-age architecture with traditional elements, creating a captivating visual experience.

The city underwent extensive urban renewal in the early 2000s.

Ashgabat’s transformation involved demolishing older buildings and constructing new, modern structures, resulting in a contemporary urban landscape.

The Ruhyyet Palace is a prominent cultural and concert venue in Ashgabat.

It hosts a wide range of events, including musical performances, art exhibitions, and cultural festivals.

Ashgabat has a vibrant nightlife scene.

The city boasts numerous clubs, bars, and entertainment venues where locals and tourists can enjoy music, dancing, and socializing.

Ashgabat is a safe city for visitors.

The city has a low crime rate, making it a welcoming and secure destination for travelers.

Ashgabat is a clean and well-maintained city.

The authorities prioritize cleanliness and maintenance, ensuring the city continues to shine with its pristine appearance.

The city has a rich sporting culture.

Ashgabat has hosted numerous international sporting events, showcasing the city’s commitment to sports and athletics.

Ashgabat has a unique blend of modern and traditional transportation.

While the city has a well-developed road system, it also offers horse-drawn carriages known as “dilapans” as a charming mode of transport.

Ashgabat is surrounded by breathtaking natural landscapes.

The city is a gateway to the stunning Karakum Desert and other picturesque destinations, perfect for outdoor enthusiasts.

Ashgabat is a city of warmth and hospitality.

The locals, known for their friendly and welcoming nature, ensure that visitors feel at home and leave with unforgettable memories of their time in Ashgabat.

In conclusion, Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan, is a fascinating destination that offers a blend of rich history, awe-inspiring architecture, and vibrant culture. With its unique white marble buildings and meticulously landscaped parks, Ashgabat showcases the grandeur and ambition of the Turkmen people.From the Ashgabat Arch of Neutrality to the impressive Independence Monument, the city is dotted with iconic landmarks that pay tribute to Turkmenistan’s heritage. Moreover, Ashgabat is known for its world-class museums, such as the Turkmen Carpet Museum and the National Museum of Turkmenistan.Aside from its architectural marvels, Ashgabat boasts a lively bazaar culture, where visitors can explore local markets and indulge in authentic Turkmen cuisine. With its warm hospitality and welcoming locals, Ashgabat offers a truly immersive experience for travelers seeking to uncover the hidden gems of Central Asia.So, whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply looking to immerse yourself in a vibrant culture, Ashgabat is sure to captivate your senses and leave you with memories that will last a lifetime.

Q: What is the best time to visit Ashgabat?

A: The best time to visit Ashgabat is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is pleasant and the temperatures are mild.

Q: Are there any entry requirements for visiting Ashgabat?

A: Yes, visitors to Ashgabat and Turkmenistan usually require a visa. It is recommended to check the visa requirements and apply for the visa well in advance of your planned trip.

Q: Is it safe to travel to Ashgabat?

A: Ashgabat is considered to be a safe city for travelers. However, it is always advisable to take necessary precautions and remain aware of your surroundings.

Q: What are some must-visit attractions in Ashgabat?

A: Some of the must-visit attractions in Ashgabat include the Ashgabat Arch of Neutrality, the Turkmen Carpet Museum, the National Museum of Turkmenistan, and the Lenin Monument .

Q: What is the local currency in Ashgabat?

A: The local currency in Ashgabat is the Turkmenistan Manat (TMT). It is recommended to exchange currency at authorized exchange offices or banks.

Q: What is the official language spoken in Ashgabat?

A: The official language spoken in Ashgabat is Turkmen. However, Russian is also commonly spoken, especially in urban areas and tourist-oriented establishments.

Ashgabat's fascinating facts merely scratch the surface of this region's allure. Uncover more captivating insights about Central Asia , from its vast landscapes to diverse cultures. Dive into the mysteries of the Caspian Sea , the world's largest inland body of water, and be amazed by its unique ecosystem. For those curious about Turkmenistan, a wealth of intriguing facts awaits , shedding light on this lesser-known nation's history, traditions, and modern developments. Embark on a journey of discovery as you explore these compelling topics, each offering a window into the rich tapestry of this extraordinary part of the world.

Shopping and Cuisine

The people of Ashgabat are hospitable and always friendly. The traditions of receiving guests are still preserved. The most common dishes of this country are “pillow” and “manty”. Restaurants of national Turkmen cuisine offer not one but several types of pilaw, including fish pilaw “balikly yanahly-ash”. Deliciously cooked white fish caught in the Caspian Sea is very popular among the guests of the city. All restaurants cook hearty meat soups –“shurpa”, bean soup with noodles. When visiting the white-marble Ashkhabad, the capital of Turkmenistan, one should try “pishme” doughnuts made of yeast dough and fried in oil, and “heigenek” omelet made in the Turkmen style. One can also try delicious lamb dishes and meat cooked on open fire. Besides that, there are many places with Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Iranian cuisine in Ashgabat.

For inexpensive souvenirs and expensive works of applied art, Ashgabat is worth visiting the “Gundogar” bazaar bustling with life on Saturdays and Sundays. The Gundogar Bazaar is not far from the airport, a 20-minute cab ride away. This is the place to find the most popular Turkmen products, including clothes and shoes in the regional style and beautiful handmade carpets. In the bazaar, you can buy many inexpensive and beautiful souvenirs. Here you can find anything you want – from sheepskin and skullcap to colorful robes and intricate carpet. One of the largest and most modern in the city’s shopping center is a shopping and entertainment center “Berkarar”. It is chic in design and boasts three floors of stores featuring some of the best-known regional and global brands. Here you can choose clothes and shoes for every taste, visit jewelry stores and cosmetic stores. Another popular place for shopping is shopping center “Gulistan”. It is located in the center of Ashgabat. Here one can buy fresh fruits and vegetables, inexpensive shoes and clothes as well as various souvenirs. Gulistan complex is covered with white marble and there are many eateries inside. Besides “Gulistan”, there are also several oriental bazaars in Ashgabat – “Parahat”, “Altyn Asyr”, “Teki”, “Lelazar”, “Ak-Yol”, “Jennet”, “Dashoguz” and others.

In the capital of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat has a developed system of public transport, where it is represented by buses and taxies. The one-way fare is quite low – about $0.15. For faster and more comfortable moving around the city, you can take a taxi. Residents of Ashgabat often take a taxi, because taxi service here is very cheap. The cost of a taxi will be approximately $2-3. To move around the regions of the country, the local population mainly uses the railway service, which connects Ashgabat with other large cities and regions.

When you land in Turkmenistan, the first thing you are greeted with is an airport in the form of a falcon bird. Built in 2016 Turkmenistan International Airport is located in Ashgabat and is the largest airport in Central Asia, covering an area of almost 1.2 thousand hectares. The airport can serve 17 million passengers a year. The international airport is built in the form of a falcon bird –“Lachin”, which spreads its wings and fascinates tourists from all over the world.

Ashgabat – the heart of Turkmenistan. Nowadays Ashgabat is a beautiful snow-white city, where European spirit and eastern authentic color complement each other perfectly. The beauty of this city can be described endlessly. White marble city of Ashkhabad is the treasure trove of culture and history of this Central Asian country. It is a tourist gem, which is really worth visiting.

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About the Creative City:

Situated in a picturesque valley at the foothills of Kopetdag, the Creative City of Ashgabat is the meeting point of two ancient civilizations, Anau and Nisa. Its unique location has profoundly influenced the city’s design, offering a harmonious blend of modern technologies and architectural traditions. Ashgabat is a city centred around design and is renowned for its innovative projects in the field of design, where both the public and private sectors, as well as professional designers, play an active role. Today, the design industry in Ashgabat encompasses approximately 190 enterprises, employing over 8,000 skilled individuals. 

In 2022, Ashgabat showcased its commitment to urban design by hosting the Ashgabat Design Forum and the “Design Without Borders” exhibition, gathering leading local, national, and international designers. Additionally, since 2017 the “Master-follower” project implemented by the Academy of Arts, has strengthened ties between graduates and students by hosting various competitions where design combines traditional and contemporary trends. This project forms a creative union of professionals and young, aspiring designers, as well as connecting the municipality with the community through the field of design.

Added Value: 

As a Creative City of Design, Ashgabat   is dedicated:

To provide training opportunities for aspiring designers, opening up new job prospects in the field of design; 

To foster creative projects and programmes aimed at enhancing the social well-being of marginalized groups;

To strengthen interaction and collaboration with other creative fields covered by the Network, promoting the exchange of ideas and practices; and

To promote regional and international collaboration in the development and implementation of creative projects, recognizing design as an important element of sustainable urban development.  

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Ashgabat • Turkmenistan • 225 m

Ashgabat is the capital city of Turkmenistan, a country located in Central Asia. Here are some interesting facts about Ashgabat:

City of White Marble: Ashgabat is often referred to as the "City of White Marble" due to its striking architecture featuring numerous buildings covered in white marble. The use of marble is a deliberate aesthetic choice by the government to create a visually impressive and cohesive urban landscape.

Guinness World Record Holder: Ashgabat holds the Guinness World Record for having the most buildings with white marble cladding in the world. The city's grandiose architecture and extravagant constructions, such as the Ministry of Health and the Presidential Palace, contribute to this record.

Monumental Statues: Ashgabat is home to numerous monumental statues that depict national heroes and symbols of Turkmen culture. One of the most prominent statues is the Monument of Neutrality, which features a towering golden statue of former President Saparmurat Niyazov rotating on top.

Natural Gas Abundance: Turkmenistan is known for its vast natural gas reserves, and Ashgabat is a significant beneficiary of this natural resource. The city is illuminated at night by the flames of the Darvaza Gas Crater, also known as the "Gates of Hell," which is located in the Karakum Desert not far from Ashgabat.

World-Class Architecture: Ashgabat boasts impressive modern architecture, showcasing a blend of traditional Turkmen motifs and contemporary design elements. The city's skyline features high-rise buildings, golden domes, and unique structures like the Independence Monument and the Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center.

The Arch of Neutrality: The Arch of Neutrality was a prominent landmark in Ashgabat, symbolizing Turkmenistan's policy of neutrality. It stood until 2018 when it was dismantled and replaced by a new tower, the "Ashgabat TV and Radio Center," which offers panoramic views of the city.

Akhal-Teke Horses: Ashgabat is known for its association with the Akhal-Teke horses, a breed renowned for its beauty, speed, and endurance. These horses have been an integral part of Turkmen culture for centuries, and you can witness their elegance at the Hippodrome in Ashgabat.

Carpet Museum: Ashgabat is home to the Turkmen Carpet Museum, which showcases a vast collection of exquisite handmade carpets. Turkmen carpets are renowned worldwide for their intricate designs, vibrant colors, and craftsmanship, and the museum provides a fascinating insight into this traditional art form.

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History of Ashgabat: Time of big changes

On the threshold of the 140th anniversary of the capital of Turkmenistan, it is worth to look back and recollect from what Ashgabat began, what forestalled its appearance and what stages of history left traces in its current image. This city, which is loved by all generation of Ashgabat citizens, has its unique image these days as well being under dynamic development, it has the same uniqueness like it had in the past. The architectural historian Ruslan Muradov continue speaking about this. The first part of the story is under this  link .

First and further, Civil War in Russia have paralyzed Ashgabat almost for ten years. Its population has been significantly reduced and the construction has not be carried out at all. Social and political turmoil in life of the city has started in 19117 after abolishment of the Russian Empire during February Revolution and collapse of all government institutes followed after the Revolution. Mass public disorders have started in the conditions of severe economic crisis and growing social tension. Revolutionary forces have been acting together with representatives of the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky, national movement of Turkmen people for their independence has started.

On November 22, 1917, small group of Bolsheviks has managed to take over the power in Ashgabat but their policy has caused the strike of Russian workers and Turkmens of Askhabad County, which started on June 17, 1918. Despite the attempts of the Bolsheviks to impose a military siege in the city, they were replaced after cruel street fights on the streets by the Provisional Government of the Caspian Region supported by Great Britain, which has already started the intervention on August. However, the success of the Red Army on the main fronts of the Civil War, which covered entire former empire, has made the British to withdraw their troops in April 1919 and the city, which was still held by the White Government, was surrendered without combat to advancing divisions of the Red Army.

New authorities have immediately renamed the city to Poltoratsky, in honor of one local Bolsheviks Pavel Poltoratsky, who was killed in summer of 1918 in Merv. Very soon, the name of the city was shorten to Poltoratsk. The city remained as administrative center of the Caspian Region, which renamed to Turkmen Region in 1921.

Isolated from the center of Russia under conditions of so-called military communism, Poltoratsk was in big demand of essential supplies. Foreign trades were broken, all attempts to restore the activity of local industrial facilities ended up only in construction of glass factory. The city has started to be restored from devastation only in 1922. The trade has been restoring slowly, cooperation has started to be developed. Central part of former Askhabad has lost its aristocratic luxury, facades of public buildings have been changed by red banners with various slogans and names of Soviet organizations.

New stage of development of city has started only after new Turkmen Republic, which has been founded in the result of disengagement of Central Asia, have been included to the Soviet Union and Pltoratsk have been announced its capital in 1925.

Having received new status, the city has started to come out of the freeze, which was caused by the consequences of recent war. All remained private facilities except living have been nationalized, their reconstruction has been started all around the city. The main buildings in the central part of the city have been occupied by the government and educational facilities. Churches and mosques have been closed and used for other needs. The industry has been restored, the population has started to come. The composition of the population was changing as former transit hub, through which active trade with Persia has been carried out, has turned into more closed socialistic city oriented to industrialization.

In 1927, it was decided to return old names of Poltoratsk and other settlements, which were renamed, “taking into consideration, - as relative Resolution said, - that renaming was not popular among local population and people continue calling the above-mentioned places by old names”. Thus, Ashgabat has received back its original name. By this time, it was already quite a developed city. In 1930, the streets have been paved with asphalt. Earlier, the buses have replaced horse-drawn transport. The trees have grown restoring and extending previous green pool. Water provision has been improved. For this purpose, water lines have been laid to the city from Bagir’s water sources and Gyami Qanat, Ashgabat Creek has be run through pipeline.

Industrial facilities, which determined economic profile of Ashgabat and its orientation to light, food, construction and metal-processing industry, have been opened during 1927 – 1937. Personal living construction was encouraged, in which result, the territory of the city has been increased almost two times for 10 years. Despite that Ashgabat has experienced strong earthquake in 1927, which did not caused victims and destructions of big number of buildings, the construction was carried out without taking into account seismic activity until 1934. However, even those measures, which were taken after approval of special project and construction standards, was not sufficient enough as it was found out later. On this background, the complex of textile factory, which was built in 1925 – 1929 under the leadership of outstanding Russian scientist in the sphere of civil engineering, Professor Vsevolod Keldysh, is worth to be highlighted. The method of calculation of super strong ferro concrete structures developed by him was applied in this project and successfully withstood serious ordeal – the earthquake in 1948.

In the 30s, the constructivism has been replaced with simplified classics. Nowadays, remarkable constructions of Ashgabat bear the whole number of symbols, which have to reflect the features of new life and relation with traditions in its image. The Lenin’s Monument (Author Alexander Karelin, 1924 – 1927), which was covered with polychrome majolica tiles, which imitate the patterns of Turkmen carpet, in the public garden on the place of former Gymnasium Square was one of the first and brightest facilities of this kind. Following ascetic buildings of new lifestyle and cultural palaces, more monumental and presentable administrative buildings, House of Councils Hotel, pedagogic institute, new railway stations, Music College have appeared. All-union contest for the best project of the State Theatre, which was announced in 1934, in which biggest Soviet architects of those times Academics Alexey Tschusev, Ivan Fomin, Vladimir Tschuko as well as their younger colleagues, was one of important events in architectural history of Ashgabat.

During the Great Patriotic War, Ashgabat was deep behind the enemy lines but thousands of city’s residents went to the front. Armory and food for support of the army during the Battle of Caucasus went by the railway through Turkmen capital from Siberia and Central Asia. In addition, number of facilities in Ashgabat has changed their profile to produce military supplies. In addition, number of facilities and institutions have been evacuated to the city from the war zone (in particular, Moscow State University, Kiev Film Studio), around 8,000 refugees have come to Ashgabat and have been accommodated in houses of Ashgabat’s residents.

There were many outstanding people who came to Ashgabat by fortune, who influenced cultural life of the city and played significant role in education of younger generation of national art and cultural personnel. Future academic and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Andrey Sakharov has started his studies in thermonuclear physics in this place. Russian writer Yuri Olesha has been working efficiently with Ashgabat’s Pushkin Theatre, Ukrainian movie director Mark Donskoy has produced his famous movie “Raduga” (Rainbow), which was awarded with Oskar Award by American Movie Academy in nomination of the Best Foreign Movie of the Year. Academic, neurosurgeon and Sanskrit scholar Boris Smirnov, who stayed to live in Ashgabat, has been translating philosophic texts of ancient Indian epic of Mahabharata to Russian language. This is only the most famous names.

The raise of construction activity has been observed in Ashgabat, which looked ather prosperous comparing with the cities destroyed by the war in European part of the country, in the first years after the war. Construction of new industrial buildings, education facilities, hospitals and other socially oriented objects was planned. Government living construction was expanding. However, sudden natural disaster has interrupted this work causing irreversible damage to the city.

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Things to do in Ashgabat – Turkmenistan’s Strange Capital

22 Minute Read

In this article, I will recount my trip to Turkmenistan ‘s strange capital and detail some of the best things to do in Ashgabat.

Ashgabat is the capital city of Turkmenistan in Central Asia . The city, which is home to just over one million people, was raised to the ground by an earthquake in 1948 and has since been rebuilt. What is strange about the city is that much of it is made of white marble shipped in from Italy.

Table of Contents

Quick Overview of the best things to do in Ashgabat

• Independence Park – a pleasant park with monuments and statues of historic Turkmen figures.
• Giant Ruhnama – a large, kitsch sculpture of President Niyazov’s green book that even opens and closes!
• Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque – the largest mosque in Turkmenistan and also the final resting place of President Niyazov.
• National Museum – from bronze age relics to modern propaganda.
• Halk Hakydasy Memorial – a park commemorating the earthquake that levelled the city in 1948.
• Turkmenbashi Cableway – a cablecar that goes up to the Kopet Dag Mountains for stunning views of the city

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat is a very strange city in a very strange country. Turkmenistan has a repressive, authoritarian government and it ranks third from last in the press freedom index (North Korea being the last).

Satellite dishes have been banned and there is practically no internet in the country to try and stop the people from having access to free and independent news. Under former president Saparmurat Niyazov (or Turkmenbashi, leader of the Turkmen as he renamed himself) things were even worse…

Some of the things he banned include lip-syncing, dogs (because of ‘their unpleasant odour’), beards and long hair on men, pool, smoking (after he had to give up on health grounds, so did the entire country), opera, ballet, circuses and gold teeth.

Geographically the country sits in Central Asia on the old Silk Road. Iran lies a few kilometres to the South. Uzbekistan to the north, and Afghanistan to the East. The Caspian Sea and its vast oil and natural gas deposits lie to the West. The endless Karakum Desert covers almost 90% of the country.

Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan is sandwiched between the Karakum Desert to the north and the Kopet Dag mountains separating it from Iran 20km to the south. This temple to marble has to be seen to be believed.

Empty, spotless streets, vast Soviet-style apartment blocks and golden monuments to Turkmenbashi abound. There is even a giant mechanized version of his book, the Ruhnama, situated in the city that opens at certain times of the day.

The architecture is very modern due to an earthquake in 1948 that all but wiped it from the map and the city glistens in white under a scorching desert sun.

Arriving in Turkmenbashi Port

And so it was that I found myself in this strange country one hot April evening. I had arrived with a friend on the Bagtyyar, a cargo vessel that crosses the Caspian Sea from Baku in Azerbaijan to Turkmenbashi, a small port town named after the former president.

After a long and grueling time getting through customs and border security, we were eventually driven to our hotel in the Tourist Zone; a vast and empty expanse of grand hotels, but very few tourists (I think we were the only ones).

Our hotel, the Seyrana, was palatial. White marble, huge ceilings, crystal chandeliers and a huge twin room with flatscreen TV (no foreign channels), balcony overlooking the Caspian, and the odd bug (the listening type, not the crawling ones).

The bathroom was as impressive as one would expect, but as soon as I ran the taps I was horrified at the bright orange water gushing forth. The next morning I awoke to expletive-laden shouts coming from the bathroom as my friend was blasted with orange water in the shower, which needless to say I found highly amusing.

After a few hours’ sleep, we went down to breakfast in the large dining hall. A buffet counter lined one of the walls, but was empty of food. An elderly waitress came and asked if we were ready to eat and went off to prepare our breakfast.

The meal was sumptuous. Eggs, cheese, bread and cucumber, all washed down with piping hot coffee, but it was unnerving being the only two people in such a grand hotel. It had the vague air of Fawlty Towers about it, but with a menacing undercurrent.

Turkmenbashi to Ashgabat

Once we finished breakfast, we were picked up by our driver and began the six-hour journey to the country’s capital, Ashgabat. We first stopped at the bazaar to change money as the driver would get a better rate on the black market than in the banks.

As soon as we left the coast with the sun casting its glare across the calm waters, the land changed into an arid desert. Camels ambled by the roadside and nothing but sand and scrub could be seen for miles in any direction.

We had a guide with us who gave us a commentary on all the places we passed and we listened with interest as he pointed out the area where his tribe came from.

As we got nearer to the capital, the Kopet Dag Mountains started to rise up to the South and these form the natural land barrier between Turkmenistan and Iran. I was idly taking pictures out the window of a strange wire fence running along one of the ridges and then clicked that it was the actual border and quickly pulled my camera in.

Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque, Ashgabat

Before going to our hotel we stopped in Gypjak, a suburb of Ashgabat, to have a look at the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque. A massive monolith of marble and gold trim with minarets stretching to the heavens, splendid in the afternoon sun.

This mosque has caused a lot of controversy as built into the walls are scriptures from not only the Koran but the Ruhnama too, Niyazov’s little green book. This especially angered the Saudi’s who see it as sacrilege that the Ruhnama is placed with equal weight as the Koran.

Our guide informed us that the capacity is for 20,000 people. It was truly staggering. Inside carpets lined the floor and the central dome towered above us. A handful of worshipers were praying at the front, bent down in prostration and subservience to their imaginary friend in the sky.

The city of Ashgabat

It was a short ride to our hotel on the top of a hill overlooking the city and mountains. The Bagt Koshgi Hotel is a strange edifice indeed. A huge globe is trapped within a three-dimensional eight-pointed star and underneath is the hotel, another monstrosity of marble.

Turkmenistan is the number one importer of European marble in the world, and you can certainly see why – the city is made of nothing else. All the old soviet tower blocks are being or have been pulled down and replaced with ornate temples to the new order of things.

Inside the hotel, female workers dressed in traditional clothing busied themselves behind the reception desk and a man in a suit was sitting casually observing us from a nearby sofa. The women looked stylish in their brightly coloured dress, with piercing brown eyes and long dark hair.

We left our passports with reception and noted another man in a suit loitering in the lobby, looking on in interest. We had seen the same in the hotel in Turkmenbashi and wondered quietly if they were secret policemen keeping tabs on the strange-looking foreigners.

The room was as grand as the Seyrana if a little smaller, though at least the water in the bathroom was not orange this time.

We decided against hitting the town as we were tired from all the travelling over the last few days and opted instead to share a bottle of vodka in the room to toast reaching Turkmenistan, arguably the most important destination on our trip.

A Tour of Ashgabat

The next day we rose early and tucked into another good breakfast of eggs, ham, bread and coffee. We were due to hit the road at 3 pm for our journey across the desert to Darvaza and the Door to Hell.

But before that we needed to register our presence in the country and drop our passports off at the tourist agency in downtown Ashgabat. This would be combined with a brief sightseeing tour of the city.

We were picked up at 10 am and taken to the National Museum. We decided against paying the ten dollar entrance fee and had a wander around the grounds. Next, we went to the Owadan Tourism office to hand in our passports and then continued our drive through the city.

There were scarcely any cars on the road or people about. No mothers with pushchairs, or people taking a stroll on this sunny morning. No workers save for policeman and street cleaners with their strange bright blue robes; faces obscured by a headdress to shield against the strong sun.

We certainly didn’t see any other tourists about, not even at the main sites which was truly bizarre. I’ve never seen such an empty city, let alone a capital. What was also strange was the lack of shops. All you could see was white marble buildings and no other obvious signs of habitation.

Independence Park

We drove on to Independence Park, 2km of monuments and dictator kitsch in the centre of Ashgabat. Again, empty save for the cleaners and soldiers guarding the place.

We had to be very careful about where we could take photos. All the usual places a tourist would want to photograph are strictly off-limits and Turkmenistan is not the sort of place where you want to break the rules.

We would constantly check with our driver if it was okay to photograph this or that. As long as we avoided soldiers, the police and all government buildings we were told we would be okay. The problem is the city mostly consists of government buildings, soldiers and police.

The park was pleasant enough. Spotlessly clean and a few trees and shrubs were dotted around the gold and marble monuments and ornamental fountains. Statues of proud Turkmen stood defiantly clutching weapons, the gold glinting strongly in the sunlight.

We made our way to the other side of the park and were greeted by a giant statue of the Ruhnama, Niyazov’s lengthy tome to the nation that is required reading in all schools. A mixture of folk poems, moral guidance and autobiography, it was first released in 2001 and reissued again in 2004.

Halk Hakydasy Memorial Park, Ashgabat

We then moved on to the memorial park dedicated to the victims of the 1948 earthquake that raised the city to the ground. The park was very similar to those found in ex-soviet cities, with square-jawed soldiers peering out from large walls in the soviet-realist style.

An enormous bullock stood atop a monolith with a golden baby clutching a globe, and an eternal flame burned, flanked by two rigid soldiers. I asked one of them if it was okay to take photographs and he tersely nodded in agreement.

By now the sun was high in the sky and I could feel my skin start to burn. It must have been 35c and we decided to escape the sun and head back to the hotel, which we could see perched on the hilltop across a small valley. It was now lunchtime and we needed to pack and be ready by 3pm for our desert adventure at Darvaza.

Read more about Turkmenistan

Useful Information

By far the best way to see Turkmenistan is through an independent tour, which I would never normally recommend.

It takes out a lot of the hassle but still leaves you with a lot of the freedom associated with independent travel. Young Pioneer Tours offer a great selection of packages for ‘people who don’t really don’t like tours’. Check out their Turkmenistan page here for more information.

Citizens of almost every country require a valid visa to enter Turkmenistan. Apply in your home country as applying on the road is not recommended.

If you apply for a tourist visa you must first obtain a Letter of Invitation (LOI) which can only be applied for by state-aligned tourist agencies. We used Owadan Tourism but other companies include Young Pioneer Tours and Indy Guide .

To make a stronger case for your visa approval, it is worth providing information on the route you are travelling. If you are exploring the region and can provide details of onward travel it will help your case. If you are simply visiting Turkmenistan on its own as a tourist destination the chances of obtaining a visa are slim.

Combine your trip with other places on the Silk Road. Once the LOI has been approved (takes around two weeks) getting your visa is just a formality.

Take the LOI to your Turkmenistan embassy along with the completed application form (download here), passport and fee (we paid around 60 pounds in London). Our VISAs took 10 working days, but there is also an express three-day service for double the price.

Entry Tax: An entry tax of $14 per person is payable upon entering Turkmenistan.

Getting to Turkmenistan

Air: Flights to Saparmurat Turkmenbashi Airport depart from a limited number of European airports including Frankfurt, Istanbul, London and Moscow. The airport has links to other central Asian cities such as Almaty in Kazakhstan and Urumqi in China.

Land: There are border crossings with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. You will need to take a taxi, bus or marshrutka to the border. From there you can walk across.

We left Turkmenistan at the Dagosuz border crossing close to Urgench. Dagosuz railway station has links to Bukhara, Khiva, Samarkand , and Tashkent).

Sea: There is a crossing from Baku in Azerbaijan to Turkmenbashi in the west of Turkmenistan. There are no passenger ferries but it is possible to take one of the cargo vessels plying this route.

Think carefully before opting for this as delays are frequent. This could mean that your visa expires before you even get to Turkmenistan. We had two extra days built into our tour to cover such delays. However, it’s not been unheard of that a vessel could be waiting to dock for up to six days.

In the end our boat was only delayed by half a day and we were more or less on schedule. Our ticket for a seat in the passenger lounge cost $50 (cabin $90). There are no services on board so make sure you stock up with enough food and water to last the duration and possible delays.  Aside from the uncertainties, this is by far the most rewarding way to arrive in (or leave) Turkmenistan.

About the author: Steve Rohan is a writer from Essex, England. He has traveled to over 60 countries, lived in Armenia, China and Hong Kong, and is now living the digital nomad life on the road.

Steve prefers “slow travel” and has covered much of the world by train, bus and boat. He has been interviewed multiple times by the BBC and recently featured in the documentary Scariest Places in the World . See the About page for more info.

Where I am now: Yerevan, Armenia 🇦🇲

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Discovering Ashgabat: A Local's Guide

Discovering ashgabat: a local's guide.

Welcome to Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan! Nestled in the Karakum Desert and surrounded by the Kopet Dag mountains, Ashgabat is a city of rich history, vibrant culture, and stunning architecture. As a local, I am thrilled to be your guide and show you the best of what this magnificent city has to offer. So, let's embark on a journey to discover Ashgabat!

1. Explore the City Center

Begin your exploration of Ashgabat at the city center, where you will find a mix of modern skyscrapers and traditional buildings. Take a leisurely stroll along the wide boulevards, lined with lush green parks and beautifully landscaped gardens. Admire the intricate tile work that adorns many of the buildings, showcasing the country's rich cultural heritage.

Must-See Attractions:

• Independence Monument
• Ruhyyet Palace
• Arch of Neutrality
• Tolkuchka Bazaar

2. Immerse Yourself in History

Ashgabat is a city with a deep-rooted history, and there are plenty of sights to explore if you're a history enthusiast. Start your historical journey at the National Museum of Turkmenistan, where you can learn about the country's ancient civilizations, nomadic tribes, and the Great Silk Road. Don't miss the nearby Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a UNESCO World Heritage site that dates back to the 3rd century BC.

Must-Visit Historical Sites:

• National Museum of Turkmenistan
• Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
• Gypjak Mosque
• Lenin Statue

3. Marvel at the Architecture

Ashgabat is known for its stunning architecture, with buildings that range from contemporary masterpieces to grand government structures. The city holds several Guinness World Records for the highest density of white marble buildings and the largest architectural star. Don't forget to visit Turkmenistan's largest mosque, the Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque, which is adorned with exquisite tile work and intricate carvings.

Architectural Wonders:

• Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque
• Oguzhan Palace
• Earthquake Memorial
• Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex

4. Taste the Local Cuisine

No visit to Ashgabat is complete without indulging in the local cuisine. Sample traditional Turkmen dishes at one of the city's many restaurants, where you'll find a wide variety of flavorful kebabs, pilaf, and aromatic soups. Don't forget to try chal (a fermented camel's milk beverage) and samsa (savory pastries filled with meat or vegetables) for a true taste of Turkmenistan.

Must-Try Delicacies:

• Keşkek (Wheat and Meat Porridge)
• Palaw (Rice Pilaf)
• Balyk Sizmesi (Fish in Pastry)
• Garaşsyzlygy (Independence) Salad

5. Experience Ashgabat's Nightlife

Ashgabat comes alive at night, with a vibrant nightlife scene that caters to all tastes. From rooftop bars offering panoramic views of the city to lively nightclubs playing a mix of international and local music, you'll find plenty of options to keep you entertained after the sun sets. Join the locals in celebrating traditional music and dance at one of Ashgabat's cultural centers for an immersive cultural experience.

Popular Nightlife Venues:

• Altyn Asyr Shopping and Entertainment Center
• Berkarar Puppet Theatre
• Yyldyz Hotel Nightclub
• Khazar Entertainment Center

Ashgabat is a city that mesmerizes with its architectural wonders, fascinates with its rich history, and captivates with its warm hospitality. So, pack your bags and get ready to uncover the secrets of this remarkable city. You won't be disappointed!

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Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan Travel Guide

By Koryo Tours

A guide to Turkmenistan's Ashghabat; all you need to know about visiting Ashghabat in Turkmenistan!

Our introduction to Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. We have compiled this Ashgabat Guide together from our experience to provide you with all the info you need when visiting Ashgabat. Where to stay in Ashgabat? How to visit Asghabata? Where are the best places to eat in Ashgabat? And much more! 

Feel free to skip to the relevant chapter below to answer all your questions on Ashgabat. 

Introduction Ashgabat History Ashgabat City Places to See in Ashgabat Where to Eat in Ashgabat

Updated March 2024. 

Introduction

Pre 1991, Ashgabat was often spelt Ashkhabad in English. This is a transliteration of the Russian form.

From 1919 until 1927, the city was named Poltoratsk after the local revolutionary, Pavel Gerasimovich Poltoratskiy. 

The name Ashgabat means "city of love" or "city of devotion" in modern Persian. Although for many it can be best described as Pyongyang meets Las Vegas . 

At face value, this may be true. However, there is much more than meets the eye.

As with many of the central Asian capitals, Ashgabat is still a relatively young city. 

Ashgabat History

The following explores the recent history of Ashgabat until the present day. 

It was founded in 1881 as a fortified settlement. Its foundations were built upon the ancient city of Konjikala.

Konjikala grew from a small wine-producing village in the 2 nd century into a Silk Road hub. Later,  Ashgabat was levelled by an earthquake continuing after its rebuild until the Mongol hordes tore through the region in the 13 th century. 

It limped on as a small village until the Russian advance in the 19 th century. 

Once ceded to the Russian empire, the Russians began to develop the area and Ashgabat once again grew.

It emerged as a city with European-style buildings, shops and hotels. 

The fortunes were again to change influenced by events many miles away. 

During the Russian Revolution of 1917, a mixture of forces fighting against the Bolsheviks briefly captured Ashgabat. This made it part of the state of Transcaspia along with greater Turkmenistan.

This wasn’t to last.

Eventually in 1919, after much fighting, Turkmenistan finally became part of the Soviet Union. 

In 1927, the name Ashgabat was restored and the city experienced its largest period of growth. Large-scale industrialization moved in and the Turkmen resources of oil and gas were mined. 

All the while, it experienced tight political controls, and the country remained closed not only to the outside world but the populace of the Soviet Union. 

The growth was not to last. The country experienced another history-defining event in the form of a 7.3 magnitude earthquake. 

The story has been told many times. 

At 1:12 in the morning on 6 October 1948, in the small village of Gara-Gaudan just 25 kilometres from the capital, a huge earthquake shook the land. 

As many of the city residents were asleep, the death toll was huge. The earthquake killed around 110–176,000. Approximately ⅔ of the population of Ashgabat.

Furthermore, it has been estimated that 90% of the city's buildings were destroyed.

As Soviet censorship was so strict, most in the outside world did not know how serious this disaster was. To help recovery, large numbers of Soviet soldiers were ploughed into the area remaining and reconstruction followed. 

In much of Ashgabat, the typical grey soviet architecture replaced the typical brick buildings of the area. 

1991: The Golden Era

As the Soviet Union collapsed, Turkmenistan gained its independence in October 1991.

Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov, the former Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR, took the mantel of power cementing his position as the leader of the country. During the Turkmenistani presidential elections of 1992, he was the only candidate.

A year into his presidency, Niyazov declared himself Turkmenbashi; the leader of all Turkmen.

This led to the golden period as money from the country's resources was pumped back into the country's construction. This led to the mobilisation of Ashgabat as many of the old Soviet apartment blocks were torn down and over time replaced by modern slick marbled structures. 

Many of the Soviet apartment blocks that remained were eventually covered in pseudo-marble.  

As if this was not enough, monuments and statues began to fill the parks, avenues and available land. 

These grandiose structures extolled the achievements of the new leader, covering moments from his life, writings and god-like status. 

Since the death of Niyazov, the construction has continued under the leadership of the country’s current leader Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. New stadiums, palace-like shopping malls, and even the falcon-shaped airport have all been constructed in recent years. 

Ashgabat City

A majority will either arrive in Ashgabat via the airport or by road. There are train connections but the train tends to be slow and not as reliable as the other links.

When entering Ashgabat, you’re first met by the vast expanse of the desert. This shouldn’t come as a big surprise, as over 70% of the country is covered by the Kara-Kum desert. 

As Ashgabat approaches and comes into view, the cloud-like Kopet-Dag mountain range rises from behind.

This helps to enhance the crisp white lines of the city buildings. 

Ashgabat is home to around 1 million people. However, Ashgabat is large with only the mountains to the south curbing its growth. 

Since the earthquake of 1948, building practices have also been adapted to allow for a future quake. When a building is constructed, the height of the building must be kept clear around it. 

This practice means not only a sprawling city but wide open spaces, large avenues and streets. 

To add to this, it is marbled. So heavily marbled that in 2013 it made it into the Guinness Book of Records as the world's highest concentration of white marble buildings within a city.

With its mix of architecture strong white lines oversized palaces and government buildings, it’s like arriving at a set for a science fiction movie.

Getting Around

Ashgabat is a great city for walking.

However, be prepared as Ashgabat is far-reaching and walks can be long. 

If you are out and about and decide you’ve had enough and want to return to base, you can always hire a local driver who will transport you on your way for a small fee. 

Places to See in Ashgabat

The following is a list of highlights of Ashghabat.

Oguzkhan Presidential Palace

This is the official presidential headquarters. A place so big it’s almost beyond belief. 

The gates themselves are impressive as there so big a man can squeeze between the bars.

Unfortunately, photos are not allowed in this area. So a walk past the entrance needs to be committed to memory which isn’t difficult with its grand architecture and stunning domed roofs. 

Ruhyýet Palace

This is a place for official state events, forums, meetings, inaugurations etc. It is only rivalled by the Oguzkhan. Another grand building that can only be viewed at a distance. Nevertheless, it’s well worth the walk just to get an idea of the scale. 

Wedding Palace

As the name suggests, it is the location where locals go to register their wedding and is normally incorporated as part of a larger celebration.

Located just outside Ashgabat, it’s another grand building but well worth the journey. 

Turkmen Museum of Fine Arts

This museum can be a little difficult to find but worth the visit.

There are around 6,000 works in its collection filling a palatial-style building. It is a fascinating visit. 

Don’t visit expecting famous pieces, however, but the museum does house works by Turkmen, Russian and foreign artists.  

Another bonus is the views out to the presidential palace which looks stunning from the second floor.  

Turkmen Carpet Museum

This is known by many Turkmens as the leading authority on the nation’s carpets. 

If you’re interested or need to know anything about carpets this is the place to go. 

Opened in 1994, it has the largest collection of Turkmen carpets including a rich collection ranging from medieval times through to the 20th century.

Another reason for visiting is to catch another of Turkmenistan’s entrance into the Guinness World Records. It’s the largest hand-woven carpet in the world a carpet woven to celebrate 10 years of Turkmen independence from the Soviet Union. 

Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center

If you’re searching for more record-holding entrants, then this is a stop you should make.

A little bizarre but worth the visit. The Entertainment Centre entry in the Guinness World Records is the world's tallest Ferris wheel in an enclosed space. If you want to see some locals here, visit in the evening or at weekends. 

Berkarar Shopping Mall

For Shopping, people-watching or Western comfort food this is a great stop. Especially during the toasty summer months. 

Visit the Kamil supermarket on the basement floor for all your needs. 

The top floor has a modern entertainment system with arcade games and even a small indoor roller coaster. 

Also on the top floor, you can find a real mix of restaurants from Burger joints to local eats.

Tekke Bazaar

Walk through this real local slice of life. A true local market very popular amongst local people for shopping. 

On weekends, there are also local booksellers in the park opposite selling a selection of second-hand books.

If you’re lucky you may be able to pick up a copy of the Ruhnama . The book written by Saparmurat Niyazov the president of Turkmenistan. 

Niyazov famously said, "A person that reads Ruhnama three times becomes smart, and after it, he will go straight to heaven".

Russian Bazaar

Located in the very centre of town, this covered bazaar is where you can go to buy almost everything you may need in daily life. Fruit & nuts, cables & chargers, sweets, kimchi, baked goods, souvenirs, and so on. 

Nearby is also the Alty Asyr Shopping Centre which is a good place to buy cotton goods (tracksuits, towels, bedsheets, etc all made from local cotton, and all very cheap).

Not so much of a hit with the locals these days, so do not be surprised if there are few other shoppers.

Ashgabat Train station

Originally built in 1888, the first railway station was destroyed in the earthquake of 1948 along with much of Ashgabat. 

A new station was built shortly after in 1950. Although this was remodelled in 2009 taking on its now grand form crowned by the eight-pointed star (Rub El Hizb).

Tolkuchka Bazaar

The nation’s largest and most famous market. It is outside Ashgabat and home to various sections selling household goods, clothes, the famous Turkmen carpets , camels & other animals, and much more! 

Since its relocation and rebuild it’s so vast it no longer has that crowded feel, although a visit here is still very much worthwhile to see the variety of its wares and the sheer scale. 

Where to Eat in Ashgabat

Local BBQ, European and Russian. 

One of my favourite laid-back picks for Ashgabat, prices are good and it’s centrally located. 

This is a great outdoor option, although it can be busy on weekends. The menu is in English and Turkmen making choosing a lot easier. Great for BBQ as food is cooked on-site and easily washed down with the local ZIP beer. 

If travelling in a larger group, do expect a delay in service. 

There are vegetarian options although vegans may have a tougher time.

Ammar Café

European and Asian. 

Prices are a little higher than similar options, but a great pick for vegetarians, vegans and carnivores alike. 

It’s a little further from the city centre, but well worth the journey.

Predominantly indoor eating with some outdoor seating. 

The restaurant may be small but it has a light airy feel with good customer service. 

It’s also a good stop for those needing a coffee fix during the day.

Uzum Café

French, European and Turkish.

A newer choice on the list, and another choice for vegetarians, vegans, and meat-eaters. 

It’s located in the older area of the city making for an enjoyable walk predominantly indoors with a few tables outside. 

The menu has a nice selection although on busier days some choices may be limited. 

There is no alcohol served here but visit for the meticulously presented food. 

Altyn Shafran

Central Asian and European

This is located next to the Uzum Café, another mixed menu especially great for drinks and food.

A little bizarre in its decor part sports bar, part library with a real ecliptic feel, the staff are friendly and service is relatively quick, offering everything from salads to local bites. 

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• Destinations

Wild Junket

Is Ashgabat the World’s Strangest City?

Last Updated on March 29, 2023

Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, was one of the highlights of my Silk Road trip . Here’s a look at why  this bizarre city is worth a visit!

When it comes to peculiar sights, Turkmenistan is off the charts. First it’s the Darvaza gas craters , burning gas craters that resemble the gates to hell, that tops my list of the strangest sights I’ve seen.

And as if it weren’t bizarre enough, Ashgabat brings it to a whole new level. After a month of  traveling Central Asia overland , we emerged from the desert to suddenly find this spanking new and clean city. It doesn’t seem to fit anywhere in the region.

Table of Contents

Ashgabat: Las Vegas Meets Pyongyang

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The capital city of Turkmenistan is over-the-top and outlandish, with white marble buildings flanking wide and empty boulevards, psychedelic government edifices looming over perfectly manicured gardens.

Over the last decade, the country has prospered tremendously from their vast natural gas and oil resources. The government has since poured their wealth into reforming their capital city.

Lonely Planet describes Ashgabat as a cross between Las Vegas and Pyongyang — it’s easy to see how accurate this description is once you’re here.

With the glitzy marble facades and bright neon lights, Ashgabat resembles Las Vegas especially by night. Like Las Vegas, it’s a bright and flashy city that stands in the middle of the desert.

On the other hand, the artificially clean look, starkly empty streets and the Stalinist-like regime that governs the country reminds me of North Korea . Coming to Ashgabat is like stepping into the future and yet knowing fully well that you’re stuck in the past. Its people are still living in a controlled regime imposed by the government.

Today, modern Ashgabat is jokingly called the “city of the dead”, because it is almost impossible to see people in the new districts of white marble. The city holds the Guinness Book of Records title for most white marble on Earth.

It holds several records, in fact: the world’s largest enclosed observation wheel, the largest fountain, the largest mural of a star. The new airport has the world’s largest image of a Turkmen carpet, adorning the main passenger terminal.

Turkmenistan is number 7 on the list of the least visited countries in the world , receiving only 7,000 visitors per year. Many travelers choose to skip Turkmenistan due to the strict visa rules.

You can only get a tourist visa if you join a guided tour and that means added cost and limited freedom. You can get a transit visa — but that’ll only give you three to five days in the country (more details in the visa section below).

I would definitely recommend a visit, especially if you are a curious traveler keen on places that are unconventional and under-the-radar. Turkmenistan was definitely one of the highlights of my two-month journey on the Silk Road. Ashgabat was the icing on the cake.

While I’m not usually much of a city person, Ashgabat intrigued me tremendously, the way places like Pyongyang piqued my curiosity. We only spent a total of five days in Turkmenistan but the little bit that we saw was enough to make me want to return some day and dig deeper.

A major earthquake in 1948 wiped out the entire city of Ashgabat, killing almost 110,000 people even though Stalin refused to admit that and reported only 14,000 deaths. Ashgabat was then rebuilt in the Soviet style.

In 1991, Turkmenistan finally gained independence when the Soviet Union collapsed. Its leader Turkmenbashi (an eccentric dictator of sorts who named himself the ‘leader of the Turkmen’) immediately carried out major construction plans to welcome in “the golden era of Turkmenistan”.

The result is a brand new city with a jumble of lavish golden-domed palaces, Bellagio fountains, neon-lit monuments and Stalinist ministries of state.

Turkmenbashi ruled the country under an obscure dictatorship – he banned men from wearing long hair or beards, outlawed opera, banished dogs from the city and renamed months of the year after his family members.

Photography of official buildings like the presidential palace is forbidden. Foreign media criticised him as one of the world’s most totalitarian and repressive dictators.

How to Get to Ashgabat

The main airport in Turkmenistan is the Oguz Han International Airport. The national airline is Turkmenistan Airlines which operator flights from Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Almaty, Tashkent, Delhi, Istanbul and Moscow.

Ashgabat is definitely not cheap to get to. Flights to Ashgabat from London and other parts of Europe tend to cost around US$700-900 return.  But you can get better deals if you fly via Almaty or Dubai and have longer layovers.

To fly from New York to Ashgabat will set you back around US$1100 return. You can find good deals by flying to Almaty first.

Check for Flights to Ashgabat

If you’re planning an extended trip in Central Asia , you’ll most probably travel to Turkmenistan overland. Turkmenistan shares borders with Iran, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan. On entering Turkmenistan by land border, you have to pay $12 entry tax, to be paid in dollars only.  

Uzbekistan  – There are a few border crossings from Uzbekistan. The Farap-Alat is the most popular one, connecting Bukhara with Turkmenabat. Shared taxis are available on both sides of the border. A taxi to Bukhara from the border will cost around 25$ for the whole car (you can share this with others). 

Kazakhstan  – It is possible to cross overland from  Western Kazakhstan  along the Zhanaozen-Turkmenbashi road but conditions are bad. There is no public transport available, and taxis can be expensive: 6000 tenge to Zhanaozen, $45 to Turkmenbashi. 

Iran – The most popular border is the Sarakhs – Saraghs crossing. It takes three hours to get from Mashad to Sarakhs in Iran and roughly two hours from Saraghs to Mary in Turkmenistan.

Afghanistan  – The only border that is opened to tourists is the Imam Nazar – Aaqina crossing. The road is a dirt track that will require a 4WD and good preparation. There is no settlement on either side of the border, so you will likely continue straight to Atamyrat (previously Kerki) or Andkhoy.

It is actually possibly to cross the Caspian Sea and travel from Baku, Azerbaijan to Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan by ferry. The coastline views of Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan are beautiful, and definitely worth seeing if you’re a fan of boat trips.

It’s a fast ferry which can cover the route in 8 to 10 hours, but you should still budget 1-2 days as loading on and off can take ages. Ferry is tourist class, and there are bars, buffet and shops (though sometimes they’re closed for no reason).

Beds are great, good ship bathrooms with hot water showers. They even have lounges and large flat screen TVs with hundreds of useless channels, so bring some USB movies for the Turkish drivers.

Visa regulations make it quite difficult to enter Turkmenistan ( Central Asian visas are notoriously hard to get). There are two types of visas:

Tourist visa  – Getting a Turkmenistan tourist visa is not possible without booking a tour . Once you sign up for a guided tour, the operator will handle everything.  I traveled to Ashgabat as part of   an overland trip with Oasis Overland . Over a period of two months, we traveled along the Silk Road on an overland truck, camping in deserts and gardens.

Transit visa  –  Getting a transit visa might require a long wait, but you do NOT need to book a tour . A transit visa allows for a visit of up to 5 days (Embassy workers in a bad mood might only give you 3 days). I’ve heard that some  embassies have started asking for a LOI (Letter of Invitation) for the transit visa.  Note that it is a  transit  visa: this means you need to go from one country to another through Turkmenistan.

To apply for the transit visa, you’ll need to go to your nearest Turkmen embassy. The cost is around 73$ (155$ for Russians). Processing times differ from embassy to embassy. Expect anything from 1 to 6 weeks.  Read here for more details.

We only had five days in Turkmenistan, three of which were spent in Ashgabat and two were at the Darvaza gas crater (another super interesting sight!). The city is rather spread out, but there are tons of bizarre and interesting sights to see, so I definitely think it’s worth spending at least three days there. I would definitely recommend spending more time for those who are able to. 

Note that transit visas only allow you to stay in Turkmenistan for 3-5 days, and tourist visas are only valid for the whole duration of your trip (booked with a tour operator). 

Ashgabat has next-to-no budget options, very few mid-range options and tons of high end hotels. But the high-end hotels are surprisingly affordable, so it’s worthwhile looking around at the upscale hotels even if you’re on a budget.

Yyldyz Hotel  (Pictured below) –  A new hotel in a hill overlooking Ashgabat, with a sail design that resembles the Burj Al Arab in Dubai. The over-the-top hotel has three restaurants specializing in Chinese and Italian food, three bars, spa facilities and a massive pool. The hotel is an attraction in its own right and the iconic landmark can be seen from everywhere in Ashgabat. Read reviews here.

Oguzkent Hotel   –  No longer a Sofitel but still one of the best hotels in Ashgabat. Location is right next to the Presidential Palace, so close to all the city’s main sights. The continental restaurant on the top floor has nice views (it’s possible to snap photos of many buildings not allowed on the ground) while the Turkish restaurant has quality food at reasonable prices. Read reviews here.

Hotel Nissa   –   Apparently owned by family of Turkmenbashi, this is an old-school four-star hotel with more traditional flair than the first two hotels mentioned. It’s about a 10 minute walk from the war memorial and book shop. Read reviews here.

What to See in Ashgabat

Ashgabat was entered into the Guinness Book of World Records in 2013 for having the highest concentration of white marble buildings in the world. In a city of just 22sqkm, there are 543 buildings covered with 4.5 million cubic metres of imported Italian white marble. Some of them are government buildings and photography is not allowed. 

One of the most prominent landmarks in Ashgabat is the Alem Entertainment Center , named the world’s largest covered Ferris wheel by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2012.

It cost the government more than 315 million Turkmen manat to build. It’s all lit up in technicolors at night. But like many other attractions in Ashgabat, the ferris wheel doesn’t seem to work.

The Ashgabat National Museum of History is a historical museum featuring over 500,000 exhibits of paintings, artifacts, historical documents, jewelry, religious idols, fossils, geological items, and many more.

This is the perfect place to visit if you want a glimpse of the history of Turkmenistan. The building itself features an impressive interior. There is also a small collection of carpets on display. Be warned, photography is prohibited unless you pay a comparatively steep camera ticket.

In 1995, the government of Turkmenistan declared permanent neutrality and its foreign policy was recognised by the United Nations General Assembly. To commemorate this, the president erected the Monument to Neutrality.

The design is unique, but the real attraction is taking a ride to the top floor of the monument to get a 360-degree view of the city.

A ticket to take the elevator presently costs 3 manat (about 80 cents US at the official exchange rate). This definitely is the best view in the city. You can easily see how the city was built in a desert.

Another oddly eccentric building in Ashgabat is the Wedding Palace . The lower floors of the white and gold structure are star-shaped and stacked in a staggered fashion so that their points do not overlap.

Atop the initial floors is an oversized disco ball, enclosed by a frame of eight-sided Turkmen stars.  Inside, the building acts as both the office where newlyweds can legally register their union, as well as a venue in which to hold the ceremony.

There are 11 floors in the complex, all devoted to getting people hitched. This is a great spot to go to see couples dressed in beautiful local costumes.

The Turkmen Carpet Museum is a fantastic carpet museum that displays a collection of beautiful hand-woven carpets. In fact, it’s another record-breaking museum, with the most number of carpets than anywhere in the world.

The best exhibit in the museum is the largest hand-woven carpet in the world featuring all the tribes of Turkmenistan.

The Palace of Knowledge is three large buildings found south of Independence Park. The palace is a combination of an extensive library, concert hall, and Turkmenbashi Museum.

The museum houses the many awards and gifts presented to President Niyazov by various people, organizations, and countries around the world. You’ll find a collection of beautiful displays and extravagant gold exhibits.

Central Asia’s biggest mosque was built by Saparmurat Niyazov, the thoroughly peculiar first president of Turkmenistan.

The walls of Türkmenbaşy Ruhy are inscribed, controversially, with scriptures from not only the Quran but also the Ruhnama, Niyazov’s own spiritual guide to life. It has outraged many Muslims that the  Ruhnama  is placed as the Koran’s equal.

The mosque continues to be used a mausoleum for the president. It is located just off the M37 highway in the village of Gypjak—Saparmurat Niyazov’s hometown—which lies about 7 miles northwest of Ashgabat city center. The mausoleum is guarded by soldiers and is rarely open to the public.

Like everywhere in Central Asia, bazaars are an important part of the Turkmen culture. One of the largest and oldest bazaars in Turkmenistan is Ashgabat’s Russian bazaar , called Gulistan.

Found in the centre of the city, Gulistan is an excellent place to interact with locals and get a taste of Turkmen food. Rows upon rows of spices are stacked sky high, with fresh-from-the-oven naan bread piled in heaps and small eateries serving up steamy laghman noodles.

There is more than food too – everything from electronics to clothing and souvenirs can be purchased here. I bought a few fluffy Turkmen hats here home, best buy ever!

This mosque honors Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. It is a prominent landmark in Ashgabat with its four minarets and central dome and has a lavish interior decoration with fine stained glass windows.

The mosque was inaugurated in 1998 and this white marbled building is reminiscent of the Blue Mosque of Istanbul. The craftmanship and artistry are spectacular. This is a living mosque, still used by people to pray. 

I hope you’ve found this Ashgabat guide useful. Let me know if you have any questions on Ashgabat below. I’ll try to answer them for you!

Nellie Huang

Nellie Huang is the founder of WildJunket. Originally from Singapore, Nellie has traveled to over 150 countries across 7 continents. She is a book author and Lonely Planet guidebook writer. As an adventure travel blogger, she has a special interest in unusual destinations and deep experiences. Follow her travels on her Facebook and Instagram .

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The Comments

Chanel | Cultural Xplorer

I’m curious to know what you loved about Turkmenistan? What kinds of things did you do while you were there? Did you feel like you were restricted in any way?

I liked how bizarre it was. It truly like North Korea, in the sense that streets were empty, buildings seemed too extravagant and the restriction was overwhelming. We also went to the Darvaza crater and camped around there. Other then that, we spent most of our time in Ashgabat where we visited most of the weird buildings, did a hike up a hill and went shopping in its bazaars. Only in the bazaars did things feel a bit normal, like the rest of Central Asia. That said, we didn’t feel restricted in any way. We could walk anywhere we wanted and we were free to roam.

Jose antonio Gonzalez

Hello last few month I start to be almost obsessed with that country and of course Uzbequistan. I want to visit both.

How to organise the trip?

Jose Antonio

hi Jose, you’ll need to go through a tour operator if you want to go to Turkmenistan (otherwise you can get a transit visa but you’ll only stay in the country for 3 days I believe). I traveled with Oasis Overland on a two-month overlanding trip in the Stans and they hired a local company in Turkmenistan. Sorry I don’t have their contact! Uzbekistan is very easy to explore on your own and it’s a gorgeous country especially for those who love architecture! I definitely recommend spending more time in Khiva and Bukhara than Samarkand and Tashkent, but all four cities/towns are worth visiting.

Hi Jose1! I am from Turkmenistan. Now I am here in California. Hope you have done your plan to visit Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. If not contact me and I can give advises!

graham clift

I went through Turkemenistan en route to Khazakstan on a bicycle a few years ago via Iran where I picked up a 5 day visa from the embassy in Tehran. It was pretty straightforward and I’d highly recommend a visit to the country.

Ursula (myVideoMedia)

Thanks for this great article. We have been to Tajikistan last year and were already surprised by the architecture in Dushanbe, but looking at your photos this is incredible. Perhaps one day we will make it there.

Khalid Parvez

Hi Everybody. I lived in Ashgabat in 2012 for a year. Turkmenistan is a very good country. The present president, Gorbanguly Mohammadov is a great leader and Turkmenistan has developed much more than it was in the era of Niazove.

Ashgabad is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

vitor vassoler

hi, I will travel to Europe but i have to stop in ashgabat for an hour and then go to London, I wonder if i need a transit visa for that or I dont need to worry about it since its not the purpose of my trip to stay there

Hello! What is the photography situation like in Ashgabat? Someone told me that taking photos at the airport or near the presidential palace is now allowed. How about everywhere else, like inside the bazaars and in the Ashgabat in general? Were people on the streets fine with you taking pictures of them (as they are Muslims I assume)?

Also did you need VPN to get on sites like Google and Facebook while using internet in Ashgabat?

Hello! What is the photography situation like in Ashgabat? I read that taking pictures at the airport or near the presidential palace is not allowed. How about everywhere else, like inside the bazaars and in Ashgabat in general? Were people in the streets fine with you taking pictures of them (as they Muslims)?

Also did you need VPN to get on websites like Google or Facebook in Ashgabat?

hi Manson, thanks for your comment! Photography isn’t restricted there – I had a local guide with us and she didn’t mention that photography was not allowed at all. We took photos of all the government buildings (except the presidential palace), bazaars and streets, and there was no problem. I don’t know about the airport as we traveled to Turkmenistan overland. People on the streets had no problem letting us take photos, as long as we asked politely. The Turkmen national wear is gorgeous and people are really proud of it. As for VPN, I did use one for social media. Hope this is useful!

Having visited Turkmenistan myself in September 2017, I enjoyed this piece very much. I will add, however, that the Ferris wheel does work: I did a loop in it with two other journalists…

Spent in Ashgabat 3 months working during the Asian Games in 2017. The experience was so great. Local people were so good to us. True, streets are empty but didn’t have any problem. Totally safe place. If you get into local people it can be a really good fun. Rent a bike to visit the city or visit some places near Ashgabat, many places to visit! We were lucky had some trips on sundays. Very interesting country with good memories difficult to explain and more difficult to understand! Feel very lucky to go there for work! Very unique experience. Wow Darvaza!!?

Diana Morais

Hello! Just read about Ashgabat for the first time, and I’m truly amazed. I’m from Portugal, and I’ve already seen that is quite expensive to travel Turkmenistan. However, this city is now on my travel list !! And I’d like to ask you some things: – How’s the weather over there? – People speak English or mostly Russian (or other language)? – Paying for the tour is much more expensive than not paying for it? Can you tell the difference (aproximately)? – The Gates to Hell are very far from Ashgabat? Is there any tourism service that lead tourists there?

Thank you very much for your attention. And thank you for sharing with us your experience !

Im Sona from Turkmenistan. Working in travel company. from april to ocrober peak season for traveling, other monthes quite cold can get -10 we speak turkmen (native) and russian languages 50/50 I would say that it is easier to travel if you have a tour already, you dont have to arrange anything, and noone will cheat you with prices because guide always will help gates to hell are 3 and half hour from Ashagabt ista like 300 km.

What a great article! We’re currently dreaming of going to Turkmenistan again – we’ve been there before and we love, love love it! Here’s to hoping for a better 2021 with loads of travel plans and new experiences!

– Cecilie // RejsRejsRejs

Thanks Cecilie for dropping by! Good to hear you love Turkmenistan too. It’s such an intriguing country.

I was there for one night (on a tour) in 1970 when there was almost nothing there. The temperature that day was 117 degrees in the shade. The hotel had air-conditioning, but there wasn’t enough power to turn it on. [At least there was enough for the elevators. And, in typical communist efficiency, the heated towel racks were ON.] There was a large municipal swimming pool, but not enough water to fill it. The amusement park, close to the hotel, was fun.

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ASHKHABAD (Russian; Persian ʿEšqābād), since 1924 the capital of the Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan. It lies 40 km north of the Iranian frontier and is a station on the Central Asian Railway from Krasnovodsk (on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea) to Tashkent, built in the years 1885-99. Formerly it was called ʿAsḵābād and Askabad, from 1921 to 1927 it bore the name Poltoratsk. Ashkhabad lies between 214 and 240 m above sea level. At the time of the Russian conquest in 1881 it was a village ( aul ) of about 500 tents. As the hub of the Russian district of “Transcaspia” Ashkhabad grew rapidly and by 1897 had a population of 19,428, mostly merchants and civil servants. By 1926 the population had increased to 51,593; in 1939 the figure was 127,000, in 1965 219,000 and in January 1970 253,000. In 1965 thirty per cent of the inhabitants were Turkomans, forty-three percent were Russians and fourteen percent were Armenians. The proportion of Persians and Tajiks has always been very small.

Ashkhabad quickly achieved economic and cultural importance, as it lay at the intersection of several caravan routes. Up to 1948, however, it could not boast any notable civic monuments. The city was repeatedly struck by earthquakes (in 1893, 1895, and 1929), with a particularly severe tremor on 9 October 1948 which virtually reduced it to rubble. In 1905-06 there was some rioting there in connection with the Russo-Japanese War. In December 1917 the city fell into Bolshevik hands; it was retaken in June 1918 with the aid of British troops but was occupied once more by the Red Army when the British withdrew in July 1919. The reconstruction program after 1948 attempted to combine traditional and modern elements. The cultural institutions, some of which had already existed before 1917, were built up once again. From 1949 the city housed a branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences which became an independent academy in 1951; it specializes in desert and earthquake research. The Turkoman Gor’kiĭ University was founded in 1950, and there are four other institutes of higher education (including a polytechnic and colleges of agriculture and medicine). Ashkhabad has three museums containing an important collection of items relating to the indigenous Turkoman culture; a theatre and a concert hall; an academic library with some Persian manuscripts and thirty-eight civic libraries; a zoo, “cultural institutes” (e.g., for railway men or workers in the oil industry), and many administrative buildings. It also has an airport. In 1962 the Qara Qum canal was extended as far as Ashkhabad.

Local industries include steel works, engineering, vehicle assembly, oil refining, the manufacture of building materials and textiles (especially silk), and food production. The district of Ashkhabad encompasses the northern flank of Kopet-Dag, the Taǰen oasis and the central area of the Qara Qum desert with its deposits of zinc, lead, sulphur, barites, and possibly oil.

To the west of the city lie the ruins of Nasā ( Nisa ), the Parthian capital, to the east Anau, center of an important ancient culture discovered in 1904. Here too stands a charming mosque with an inscription by the architect Abu’l-Qāsem Bābor, who died in 864/1456-57.

Bibliography :

A. Babaev and Z. G. Freĭkin, Ashkhabad , Ashkhabad, 1957.

Z. G. Freĭkin, Turkmenskaya SSR (The Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan), Moscow, 1957.

Turkmenistan , Moscow, 1969 (in the series “Sovetskiĭ Soyuz”).

B. Spuler in EI 2 I, pp. 700f.

Great Soviet Encyclopaedia 3 (in Russian) II, p. 474 (with map and illustrations; also Plates 37 and 38); Eng. tr., New York and London, II, 1973, pp. 400-01.

Search terms :

(B. Spuler)

Originally Published: December 15, 1987

Last Updated: August 16, 2011

This article is available in print. Vol. II, Fasc. 7, p. 750

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13 Awesome Facts about Ashgabat

Like to know a little more about the capital cities of the world? Take a look at these fun facts about Ashgabat!

1. Where is Ashgabat?

Ashgabat is the capital city of Turkmenistan .

2. Here’s how to say it.

Wondering how to say the name of this wonderful city? It’s pronounced Aash-gah-bat.

3. Size matters!

The total land area of Ashgabat is 170 square miles (440 square kilometers)…that’s roughly three times the size of Sunderland, UK .

4. It’s densely populated.

Ashgabat’s population was 1,032,000 in 2012…that’s almost four times the population of Sunderland, and gives it a population density of around 6,071 residents per square mile.

5. High above the water!

Ashgabat is located 719 ft above sea level.

6. Dry yet cool!

Turkmen living in Ashgabat enjoy an arid climate with cool, short winters followed by hot, dry summers, large temperature variations and an average annual temperature of 17.1°C.

7. Keeping that compass handy…

Looking to fly yourself to Ashgabat? You’ll need the coordinates of 37.5700° N, 58.2259° E.

8. There’s a door to Hell down here…

Make sure you visit ‘The Door to Hell’ if you’re in Ashgabat; it’s an underground natural gas crater which was ignited by soviet drilling in 1971 and still continues to burn!

9. Ashgabat was once destroyed.

The city of Ashgabat was unfortunately destroyed in 1948 by an earthquakes measuring 9 on the Richter scale. Luckily, the city has been rebuilt and is a beautiful and thriving place to visit.

10. What do people speak in Ashgabat?

The official language of Ashgabat is Turkmen.

11. Better change up the pennies!

Turkmenistan Manat is the official currency here.

12. Its name is pretty romantic!

The name Ashgabat is said to translate to ‘the city of love’ in Arabic – how wonderful!

13. It’s a niche tourist resort!

Turkmenistan welcomed 8,000 tourists into the country in 2007, many of whom visited Ashgabat for its beautiful modern architecture, incredible statues and excellent nightlife.

FAQs About Ashgabat

Does anyone live in ashgabat.

Yes, people are living in Ashgabat! In fact, the population in the city is growing quickly, with over a million people living there currently!

Why is Ashgabat considered to be a ghost town?

Ashgabat is known as being ‘the city of the dead’ simply because there aren’t many people around! Turkmenistan is one of the least touristic countries in the world, with very few people visiting yearly. So, the city looks empty! However, there are people about; you just have to look for them!

Is it worth visiting Ashgabat?

Ashgabat is definitely worth visiting! It has a unique landscape primarily made of marble and has exquisite things to visit, such as the famous Door to Hell! As unappealing as it may sound, it should definitely be on your bucket list!

Further reading

https://factcity.com/tag/ashgabat https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ashgabat https://www.britannica.com/place/Ashgabat

Do you know any interesting facts about Ashgabat? Share them in the comments below!

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Hotels in Aşgabat

Listed below are  the major hotels in Ashgabat. The rating system is unofficial.

Hotel Internationa Centre   

Restaurants in A ş gabat

Italian cuisine. Wide selection of pasta, meat, chicken and seafood dishes. Cozy dinning room atmosphere. Visa accepted with a service fee. Moderately priced.  Location: Berzengi Road 

Four Points Ak Altyn Plaza Hotel Coffee Shop 

American and Turkish dishes. Good selection of sandwiches and light fare. On the weekdays there is also a buffet of Turkish salads, meats and desserts. Visa accepted with a service fee. Moderately priced.  Location: Ak Altyn Plaza Hotel, 141 Makhtumkuli Avenue 

Four Points Ak Altyn Plaza Hotel Restaurant 

Indian cuisine. Selection of steak, pasta and chicken. Pleasant environment.  On the weekends, chamber and jazz groups perform. Visa accepted with a service fee. Moderately expensive.  Location: Ak Altyn Plaza Hotel, 141 Makhtumkuli Avenue 

Altyn Turkmenistan

American and Middle Eastern dishes.  Selection of kebabs, steaks, chicken and omelets in a pleasant setting. Azeri, Turkish and Western music with dance perfomers. Visa card accepted.  Moderately priced.  Location: Hotel Turkmenistan, 19 Neutral Turkmenistan Street 

Ankara 

Turkish dishes. Typical Turkish kebabs and salads in rustic surroundings. No credit cards or dollars accepted, only manats. Inexpensive.  Location: Gagarin Street (road to the airport) 

Sheraton  Grand Turkmen Restaurant 

Turkish cuisine. Large buffet of Turkish main dishes and salads. Entertainment on the weekends. Separate bar and casino. No credit cards accepted. Moderately expensive.  Location: Emperyal Grand Turkmen Hotel, 7 Gerogly Street 

Exclusive 

Iranian and European cuisine.  Large menu of lamb, chicken and fish dishes.  Pleasant environment. A dancing group and a band perform at nights.  Moderately expensive.  No credit cards accepted.  Location: former Teremok Cafe at the Eternal Fire square 

Florida Restaurant 

Turkish and European cuisine. Large menu of chicken, lamb, fish and beef dishes in pleasant surroundings. Also a separate casino. No credit cards accepted. Moderately expensive.  Location: Florida Restaurant, 2nd floor, 4 Gerogly Street 

Florida Pub 

American and English food such as hamburgers, sandwiches and fish'n chips. Also a popular bar and gathering spot for Western visitors and residents, both at mealtimes and for "happy hours." No credit cards accepted. Moderately priced.  Location: 4 Gerogly Street (downstairs from the Florida Restaurant) 

Nissa 

Italian cuisine. Wide selection of pasta, meat and seafood dishes, as well as good pizza. European style dining room overlooking the swimming pool. Visa card accepted. Moderately priced.  Location: Nissa Hotel, Turkmenbashi and Atabaev Streets 

Mizan 

Turkish and European cuisine.  Large menu of beef, lamb and chicken dishes. Pleasant environment. No credit cards accepted. Moderately priced.  Location: Mizan Business Center, Berzengi 

Pizza Haus 

Turkmen private pizzeria with Turkish and Italian cuisine.  Large menu of beef, lamb and chicken dishes. Pleasant environment.  No credit cards accepted. Moderately priced.  Location: 72-A Makhtumkuli Street (opposite the Central Departmentstore) 

Nissa-Truva Turkish cuisine. 

Menu includes daily special, hamburgers, pizza, and in-house bakery. Good lunch salad bar, evening entertainment. No credit cards accepted. Moderately priced.  Location: Gorgoly and Shota Rustaveli Streets 

Parfia 

Iranian and Russian cuisine.  Iranian pilaf and Russian borsch are the daily menu specials. Cozy environment and good location in downtown.  Moderately priced.  Location: Central Library at the Neutrality Arch square 

The State Tourism Corporation of Turkmenistan "Turkmensiyakhat" 17, Pushkin Street, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 744000 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (99312) 35-4777; Fax: (99312) 39-6740; 39-7537

The State Tourism Corporation of Turkmenistan "Turkmensiyakhat" was founded in July 1994 (according to the Decree of President Saparmurat Turkmenbashi). "Turkmensiyakhat", functioning as the Ministry of Tourism, takes purposeful measures to set rights of tourism business, keeping in mind the problems of statistics and market analysis, publicity and information.

The national tourist industry consists of 50 tourist enterprises, firms and companies, a branch network of hotels and other accommodations, a great part of which answers modern requirements and other various services connected with tourism. Moreover, the State Tourism Corporation and its departments and hotels guarantees full employment for 755 employees.

The State Corporation "Turkmensiyakhat" defined the next six helpful directions to be priorities in its activity:

Developing and reinforcing tourist equipment in Turkmenistan  Quality of developing tourism (clarification of tourist formalities, liberalization of exchanges, protection of tourist's health and security, completion of legal system)  Training and re-training personnel  Planning, protecting environment and historical-archaeological memorials  Statistic and market analysis, advertising and informing  Developing cooperation, communication and documentation  The most important directions of the Corporation's activity in Government Program realization is protection and propaganda of historical and cultural heritage of Turkmenistan and its abroad tourist potential. 

Turkmenistan is one of more unspoiled, more beautiful and more fascinating places you ever visited and "Turkmensiyakhat" do its best to realize tourism potential of Turkmenistan.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEAR FRIENDS!

Since May 1993 the tourist company "AMADO LTD" offers the services for individual tourists and tourist groups both within Turkmenistan and abroad. Our company is ready to supply your customers with any travel services they may require in Turkmenistan and we can offer you itineraries and services for excursions along "The Great Silk Road" from Shanghai to Istanbul in cooperation with leading tourist companies of the Commonwealth of the Independent States. Since 1998 our company is official representative of Uzbekistan Airways. 

The Tourist Company "Amado Ltd" has a honor to propose unforgettable journeys which give a unique possibility of acquaintance with Oriental coloring of our country to be involved in cradle of ancient culture of Turkmenistan. We specialize in itineraries for culture, environmental, historical, archeological, and leisure tours.

The following outlines the types of services which your customers may need and which our company will provide:

Visa support (to enter Turkmenistan you need to obtain visa at the Embassy of Turkmenistan in your country if it is available, in International airport of Ashgabat on arrival or in the border point. Visa is given on the basis of our letter of invitation authorized by Ministry of foreign affairs. The procedure of authorization takes 10 days. To process letter of invitation we need your passport data and terms of your stay in Turkmenistan  Transportation, airport pickups, farewell on border  Hotel accommodation & meals  Excursion services  Guide interpreter services  Insurance  Flight-ticketing and booking  Services to foreign delegations, representatives of foreign firms, companies and local employers  Promotion and organizing of advertisement, exhibitions and presentations for the firms and companies according to their requirements  For any further information do not hesitate to contact:

Mr. Dovletmurad Amanov, President of the tourist company "AMADO Ltd"  Mr. Goryunov Dmitry, Incoming Department Manager  Discover Turkmenistan with us!

Tourism and travel company “Elkhan - Syiakhat”, one of the leading tourist enterprises of the country has a two year experience on an international tourism. We have obtained modern working style, created a stuff of reliable specialists.

Experienced and qualified employees are able to serve customers and to take care of organizing their rest inside the country and abroad. We are carrying out a lot of work to extend relations with local and foreign partners. 

Our aim is to reach the proper Turkmenistan tour where both the destination and the services are equally unique. With a keen eye on quality, we combine a variety of itineraries with a wide choice of tours all flavored by and enriched with the best lodging, guiding and transportation facilities set to make your tour to Turkmenistan a special experience.

We are successfully cooperating with various foreign tourist companies in Germany, Thailand, India, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan.

“Elkhan - Syiakhat” keeps on opening new tours for local customers: in the mid - 1999 the enterprise rendered assistance to start Ashgabat - Urumqui flight.

We are always pleased to see every customer. Our well - trained stuff and active attitude towards the tourism industry help us to gain the trust of our clients. We are opening new spheres of business all over the world with other agencies who are interested in assisting people to discover a new independent and neutral country of Turkmenistan. “Elkhan - Syiakhat” is a reliable partner and always guarantees high standard service.

We are pleased to provide our customers with the following services: 

“Great Silk Road” tours (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Iran)  Inbound tours  Group & individual reception  Visa support  Air-tickets reservation  Hotels  Translation and interpretation services  Transport services  Guide services  Juridical services  Arrangement of presentations & exhibitions  Business  Any consultation  For Turkmenistan citizens we are ready to propose fascinating and unforgettable trips to American, European, South and South - Asian countries.

”Elkhan - Syiakhat” private enterprise is open for new ideas and proposals from the companies interested in cooperation!

Your are welcome to share with us our aspiration for perfection.

"SAADA" is the private tourism company under the leadership of Kaka Myatiev. "SAADA" was founded in 1996.

During the 3 years our stuff were work hard to develop tourism and now it is a big company which can welcome foreign tourists with the wide range of services:

visa support  accommodation facilities  transport  ticket reservations  juridical services  excursions  to historical and nature sights of Turkmenistan. "SAADA" is still opening the new tours for local and foreign tourists: in the beginning of June started the new route to Nohur. "SAADA" always pleased and ready to have strong ties around the world and closely cooperate with the partners in the field of tourism.

If You are interested in "SAADA", please do not hesitate to contact us.

We are very glad to invite you to the world of travels Tourist company "ALHO" Ltd offers you interesting itineraries of Turkmenistan Many marvelous things are awaiting the guests of this sunny country where there are a plenty of flourishing oases - ancient and modern ones as well, also splendid sight of nature which are attractive at any season, nature reserves, beautiful buildings, the comfortable hotels with rich set of traditional entertainments and happening places.

"ALHO" Ltd offers you interesting and exotic itineraries of Turkmenistan.

Our experienced guide will help you during your travel and tell you a lot of fantastic legends and real facts about rich historical and cultural legacy of ancient people, you will see "Nokhur - Country of Legends", also we can suggest you a walk on the horses and spent a pleasure time on the coast of Caspian Sea.

"ALHO" will give the modern system of service for foreign tourists:

visa support  hotel reservation  transfer & services  city tours & excursions  rent a car 

We happy to realize any of your dreams!

"Ovadan - Tourism" travel company has been working in tourist business since 1996. At present time it is one of the leading companies - tour operators of Turkmenistan. "Ovadan - Tourism" gives the whole range of professional travel services, receipts foreign tourists in Turkmenistan, sends off local tourists abroad and develops national tourism. "Ovadan - Tourism" travel company offers unforgettable tours through the territory of Turkmenistan - a country situated on the Great Silk Road.

Today "Ovadan - Tourism" renders the whole spectrum of tourist service:

Individual and group tourists departure to foreign countries  Foreign tourists reception and service at the territory of Turkmenistan  Business - tour organization  Visas to Turkmenistan and adroad  Hotels reservation  Air tickets reservation for the flights through Ashgabat airports  Travelling through the territory of our country tourists will get acquainted with unique history and culture of ancient and modern Turkmenistan.

Welcome to independent neutral Turkmenistan !

DEAR GUESTS, We invite you to homeland, Turkmenistan. If you are interested in the history and culture of our country, we are at your service with all kinds of travel services you may require in along "The Silk Road".

Our company is well known in Turkmenistan as one of the leaders in international tourism. Our reliable partners in neighbouring countries can organize joint programs along "The Silk Road" from Istanbul in Turkey through Iran, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrghizia to the Chinese border. 

Our guides are professional travel agents experienced in giving the best international customer service. Our agents speak excellent English and Russian. If necessary we can engage a guide who speaks French, Italian, or German to guarantee a truly memorable trip. They offer in - depth knowledge of all sites of interest. We are up - to - date with information to ensure a safe, interesting and comfortable journey.

"LATIF" offers the following services: 

Visa support  Room reservations  Transportation (a/c cars, mini - vans and coaches). Transfers to the airport / hotel / airport  Dining in the best local restaurants  Excursions with English - German - and French - speaking guides  Booking and purchasing of tickets for all international and local flights 

We have the pleasure to introduce ourselves as one of well - known tour operators in Turkmenistan.

Tourist Co. "TourStroyService" has been operating in the field of foreigners services since 1995.

We are keeping close relationships with partners in neighbouring Countries and, therefore, we are able to provide full set of tourist Services (incl. visas, transfers, accommodations, etc) with high standards on itineraries along Great Silk Road involving Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, Iran.

Another primary branches of our activities are different types for active kinds of tourism - rock - climbing, tracings, desert crossing, etc.

To develop such routes we have well - arranged campings in most picturesque gorge of Kopetdag Mountains - Sekizyab canyon. Fans of active relaxation can enjoy the beauties of unusual natural sites and clear mountain air. Simultaneously they would be able to check their own skills in adventure exercises like rock - climbing, horse riding, overnight in Karakum desert.

Also, we have camping place on the bank of Geok - tepe artificial Lake where for your kind attention fishing and some water enjoyments would be offered. Including excursions to impressionable natural amazing - underground lake Kov-ata.

We are working in cooperation with local sporting club. So, we can provide experienced staff (almost all of them with rescuers skill) to secure safe and interesting excursions just on sites. Let us know your special interest and we will develop the route in accordance with your wishes.

For any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us by fax (993) 12 47-45-71 or address 20, Azadi Str., Ashgabat, 744000, Turkmenistan. (number of governmental license is 0000307).

We are looking forward to hear you soon.

"DN TOURS" (Touroperator License N 0000208) specializing in inbound tourism as a main part of its activity during many years & offers a wide range of tours for foriegn travelers around Turkmenistan & Central Asia region. 

For you we organize:

Visa Support  Group as well as individual tours  Sightseeing & Business tours  Historical, Archeological & Religious tours  VIP tours  The organization of seminars, congress & business meeting organizations  Transport service: coach, minivan, car  Tour guide services  Exclusive arrangements for business travelers  "DN TOURS" is a regular participant in major international travel exhibitions & fairs abroad as TITF '97, '98 (Tashkent). Vakantie'98, '99 (Utrecht), ITB'98, '99 (Berlin), WTM'98 (London).

Places of interest in Ashgabat, Mary, Dashoguz & other cities of Turkmenistan invariably attract foreign travelers. Our company is working hard to open new horizons of travel & offer new tour programs for its customers.

To resolve the problem of transportation for its clients, "DN TOURS" has its own deluxe coaches, minivans & sedan cars with A/C.

Although, Turkmenistan is not widely known by foreign travelers, "DN TOURS" guarantees for tourists of all over the world that in Turkmenistan safety, prestige & a hospitable atmosphere awaits them.

Feel the difference with us

AIRLINES IN ASHGABAT

Airport Information Desk: (New airport) Tel: (993-12) 51-00-16, 51-00-24

International Ticket Office: (Old airport) Tel: (993-12) 35-48-57

TURKISH AIRLINES  TURK HOVA YOLLARI  71 Makhtumkuly Street  Tel: (993-12) 51-16-66, 51-22-19, 51-06-66  Fax:(993-12) 51-22-18 

Iran Air  71 Makhtumkuly Street  Tel: (993-12) 51-06-41, 51-06-42  Fax: (993-12) 510641 

UZBEKISTAN airways  International Airport named after Saparmurat Turkmenbashy  Tel: (993-12)51-06-92,  51-11-76,  51-04-12,  39-73-68  Fax:(993-12)51-06-92,  51-11-76

TRAVEL AGENCIES IN ASHGABAT

Paradise Travel Agency  34 Gerogly Street, Suite 14  Tel: (993-12) 39-05-41, 35-62-37  Fax: (993-12) 39-05-41 

Amado Tourist Firm  67 Azadi Street, "Daykhan" hotel  Tel: (993-12) 51-11-76, 51-04-12  Fax: (993-12) 51-11-76 

Ayan Tourist Firm  Tel: (993-12) 35-29-14,  35-07-97 

Durdyniyaz Tourist Firm  48 Magtymguly Avenue  Fax:9993-12) 51-16-60  Tel: (993-12) 47-92-17 

Turkmensiyahat State Corporation  30 Khudaiberdyeva Street  Tel: (993-12) 39-77-71  Fax: (993-12) 39-67-40  Fax: (993-12) 39-67-40 

Latif Travel Agency  36a Khudaiberdyev Street  Tel: (993-12) 41-50-77, 41-50-87 

Museums in A ş gabat 

Turkmen History Museum 

This excellent small museum houses archeological finds from sites around Turkmenistan. The collection of items from Nisa, a Partian site very near Ashgabat, is particularly interesting. Do not miss the display of ivory ritons. The model of Nisa is very helpful to anyone who intends to visit the site. Director: Agabai Atagarryev; Address: 1 Shevchenko Street; Hours: Daily 10:00am to 6:00pm, closed Monday; Entry Fees: 10,000 manats (US$2) Tel: 993-12-35-45-54; 35-51-38

Museum of Fine Arts

This museum houses an eclectic mixture of fine arts and crafts. Most surprising are the Renaissance paintings and sculptures. More interesting to visitors are the rooms filled with carpets and jewelry of the various Turkmen tribes. Director: Bekmurad Djumayevich Kayumov; Address: 84 Mahktumguli Prospect; Hours: Daily 10:00am to 5:30pm, closed Tuesdays; Entry Fee: 5,000 manats (US$1) Union of Artists. Exhibits of paintings and sculptures by contemporary Turkmen artists. The gallery shop has works for sale. Address: 33 Zhitnikova Street; Hours: Daily 10:00 to 6:00pm 

Carpet Factory

About 200 people are employed here to produce what are known as "Bukhara" carpets. The visitor is invited to watch and take pictures of the staff knotting the carpets. Some carpets are sold here. Carpets purchased from the factory have one advantage over those sold at other sources: you do not have to obtain an export permit for them. The receipt is all you need for airport customs. Location: 23 Liebknecht Street; Hours: 10:00am to 6:00pm, closed from 1:00 to 2:00 pm for lunch. 

Carpet Museum

This museum has a large, impressive collection of antique carpets and also the largest Turkmen carpet in the world. Groups may reserve in advance for a tour (10 or more people) and reduced entry fees. Please note there are charges for picture taking and video taping. Next door is the museum shop. Carpets purchased here will also receive a license and permit (which you will be charged for) for airport customs. Director: Tuvakbibi Kurbanovna Durdyeva; Location: 5 Gorogly Street; Hours: Daily 10:00 am to 6:00pm, closed for lunch between 1:00 and 2:00pm, closed Sundays; Entry Fees: 25,000 manats (US$5). 

Historical Site of NISA

This site includes the remians of the Parthian fortress of Nisa (second century B.C. through the second century A.D.) In ancient times, this fortress included the treasury of the king of the Arshakid Dynasty. Director: Kurban Ballyev; Located in the Akhal velayat, settlement of Bagyr (30 mintes by car from Ashgabat); Hours: 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, closed Tuesdays; Entry Fee: 5000 manats.

Historical Site "Geok-Depe Fortress"

Geok-Depe is a fortress from the nineteenth century where a particularily bloody battle (1881) was fought between the Turkmen and the Russians who were attempting to take over Turkmenistan. In 1995, a mosque was built to commemorate the battle of Geok-Depe. Director: Orazmurad Khanov; Located in the Akhal velayat, town of Geok-depe (40 minutes by car from Ashgabat); Tel: 99-3132-23-24; Hours: Daily 10:00am to 5:00pm. 

Historical site "Abiverd"

This site is near the ancient oasis of Sarakh. Here, the visator can see ruins of the mausoleum of Abu-Said Mayhene, an oriental philosopher(1049). Director: Akhmed Khalmuradov.

Historical site "Sarakhs"

The mausoleum of the religios leader Abdul-Fazla (1024) is located here. This mausoleum is one of the most complete architectual works of art still standing in Turkmenistan. Director: Annamurad Amanberdyev; Located in the Akhal velayat, village of Sarakhs (4.5 hours by car from Ashgabat; Tel: 993-134-2-14-44. 

Mary Historical site and ethnographical museum

This museum has just opened an exhibit of archeological finds from sites excavated in the Mary oasis, including material from the Bronze Age, sites of Gonur adn Togoluk and the cities of ancient Merv. The building in which the museum is housed is itself worth a visit, as are the museum's other exhibits. Director: Maya Assadulina; Eglish speaking guide: Evgeniya Golubeva; Located in the city of Mary at 1 Komsomolskaya Street (5 hours by car from Ashgabat); Tel: (37022) 3-27-22; Hours: Daily 10:00am to 5:00pm 

Mary Historical site "Ancient Merv"

Merv, a stop on the ancient Silk Road to the Far East, is the largest ancient site that has been discovered in Turkmenistan. The mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar, located there, is Merv's most famous structure. It was built during the tenth through the twelfth centuries, A.D. Located about 1 hour by car from the city of Mary; Director: Redjep Djepbarov; Tel: (37064) 2-22-17; an English speaking guide is available at the Mary Historical Museum. 

Charjou Historical and Ethnographical Museum

This museum possesses an interesting collection of artifacts from the Lebab velayat, which also included cities on the Silk Road. Located in the city of Charjou (7 hours by car from Ashgabat) on 35 Shaidjanov Street; Director: Maya Akmamedova; Hours: Daily 10:00am to 5:00pm, closed Mondays; Tel: (993-422) 4-80-79.

Historical site "Kerki"

The mausoleum of Astan-Baba is a unique structure located at this site, northwest from the town of Kerki. It has been rebuilt many times during the centuries. Located 3 hours by car from Charjou; Director: Kurban Djumageldyev; Tel: (993-444) 22-98. 

Ethnographical Museum Turkmenbashi

Although the history of the city begins in 1717 when the Russians marched on Khiva, the museum has interesting artifacts from the Seljuk empire when Genghis Khan invaded from the steppes through TransCaspia (The region east of the Caspian). Located at 2 Magtymova Street, Turkmenistanbashi (about a 7 hour drive by car from Ashgabat); Director: Akgul Kalpakova; Tel: (993-222) 7-62-13; Hours: Daily 10:00am to 5:00 pm, closed Mondays. 

Historical Site "Dekhistan"

Dekhistan is considered the most important oasis in southwest Turkmenistan. On this site the city of Misrian reached its peak when it belonged to the Shahs of Khoresm (end of the 15th century). Only a few ruins remain. Located in the Kizilatrek region, village of Madau (about 7 hours by car from Ashgabat); Director: Durdy Kurbanov; Tel: (432-42-1-34). 

Historical Site "Keneurgench"

In the Middle Ages, a powerful, state controlled Shah of Khorsem was located here. This city was destroyed by the army of the Emir of Samarkand Teimour (1388). The Tyrabek-Khanum Palace is one of the architectural monuments here. Located at 79 Moskovskaya Street, city of Keneurgench in the Dashhouz velayat (8 hours by car from Ashgabat); Direcotr: Yagshimurad Ashiorv; Tel: (360-47) 2-10-08

From another reference:

National museum of Turkmenistan 

Address/Location: 30 Novofiryuzinskoye Shosse (highway). National Museum of Turkmenistan is located south of Ashgabat in Berzengi.  Working days: Everyday, except Tuesday and every first Monday of the month.  Working hours: 10 a.m. –5:00 p.m.  Entrance fees: $10 for foreigners, 5000 Turkmen manats for locals and diplomats (diplomats have to show their diplomatic cards)  Guide services : English speaking guide is available at the museum. Cost: $ 10 per person for foreigners and 1000 manats for local people and diplomats. 

There are 8 permanently functioning exhibition halls in four different areas: history of Turkmenistan and Turkmen nation, history of Turkmen carpets, nature, and ethnography. Historical exposition covers the period from primeval times to modern days. Visitors to the museum can purchase Turkmen crafts and souvenirs in the shop located in the museum. 

Carpet Museum 

5 Gorogly Street, Ashgabat (next to the Grand Turkmen Hotel)  Tel: (993-12) 39-88-87 or 39-88-79  Open: Monday - Saturday; 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.  Closed: Sundays  Entry fee: 25,000 Manats  Director: Tuvakbibi Kurbanovna Durdyeva 

This museum has a large impessive collection of antiques and world- renowned Turkmen carpets, as well as the largest hand-knotted Turkmen carpet in the world. It also has a carpet shop where visitors can buy new handmade carpets. See exports for information about taking rugs out of Turkmenistan. 

Historical Site "NISSA" 

The ruins of Old Nissa are situated near the Bagir Village, about 15 km west of Ashgabat. Old Nissa was the capital of the Parthian Empire, one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Nissa is mentioned in the Zend – Avesta – sacred book of Zoroastrianism. Old Nissa is located on the territory that constitutes the core of the Parthian Empire. It was the land where the Parthian kings started their conquests and turned small Parthia into a huge empire of the ancient world that stretched from the Indus to the Euphrates.  Open: Wednesday - Monday; 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.  Closed: Tuesdays  Entry Fee: 5,000 Manats 

Historical site "Geok-Depe Fortress" 

khal Velayat, town of Geok-Depe  (40 minutes outside of Ashgabat by car)  Tel: (993-12) 23-24  Open: Daily; 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.  Director: Orazmurad Khanov   Geok-depe is a fortress from the nineteenth century where a bloody battle (1881) was fought between the Turkmen and the Russians who were attempting to take over Turkmenistan. In 1995, a mosque was built to commemorate the battle of Geok-Depe. 

Historical site "Abiverd" 

Akhal Velayat, village of Kaakhka  (An hour and half by car from Ashgabat)  Director: Akhmed Khalmuradov  This site is near the ancient oasis of Sarakhs. Here, the visitor can see ruins of the mausoleum of Abu-Said Meyhene, an oriental philosopher (1049 A.D.) 

Historical site "Sarakhs" 

Akhal Velayat, village of Sarakhs  (Four and a half hours by car from Ashgabat)  Tel: (993-134) 2-12-44  Director: Annamurad Amanberdyev The mausoleum of the religious leader Abul-Fazla (1024 A.D.) is located here. This mausoleum is one of the most complete architectural works of art still standing in Turkmenistan. 

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UNDP proposes long-term adaptation activities for the most vulnerable sectors of the economy of Turkmenistan and delivers the roundtable to validate them with key stakeholders

May 17, 2024

Ashgabat, 15 May 2024:  Within the framework of the project “Developing a National Adaptation Planning Process in Turkmenistan” implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) with the financial support of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in cooperation with the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Turkmenistan, the roundtable for presentation of the draft Adaptation Component for the next round of NDC of Turkmenistan was organized with participation of representatives of key national ministries, academia and civil society.

As defined by the UNDP international consultant Mr. Ivan Filiutsich, the main goal of the roundtable was “to present the updated adaptation component of the key national document defining the climate policy of Turkmenistan – the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of Turkmenistan – and to discuss strategic issues related to climate change adaptation in the country.” The roundtable participants got an idea of the priority directions of scientific and technical policy on combating the negative effects of climate change. They were also introduced to a wide range of data sources on climate technologies, as well as the costs and benefits of their application.

As a party to the Paris Agreement, Turkmenistan consistently implements long-term measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as adapting the country's economic and social sectors to the long-term effects of climate change. Preparation of the NDC and its submission to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is one of the obligations that Turkmenistan implements successfully. The updated adaptation component of the NDC consolidates the major results of various scientific studies and modeling results of the long-term effects of climate change in Turkmenistan. The current level of climate vulnerability of Turkmenistan was compared with other states using the advanced ND-GAIN methodology, which made it possible to objectively identify the main priorities of long-term climate policy in the country. An assessment of the potential costs and benefits of Turkmenistan from the implementation of adaptation measures in priority sectors for the period up to 2100 was carried out. Using the data of geographic information systems, the project experts studied in detail the geographically determined climatic vulnerabilities of velayats of Turkmenistan to accurately determine priority adaptation measures for each velayat.

As a result of all studies and assessments conducted by the project experts, over 100 adaptation activities were proposed and ranged based on the period and costs of implementation. In order to attract financial resources from international partners and donors to Turkmenistan for the further implementation of such activities, the project carried out a detailed analysis of the list of potential external sources of financing for climate projects in the country. 45 potential foreign sources of financing for climate projects, such as donor organizations, have been identified, which may be interested in cooperation with Turkmenistan in the implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures. The participants of the roundtable also exchanged views on the prospects for developing a Climate Financing Concept in Turkmenistan, which will be aimed at creating favorable conditions in the country for the implementation of a wide range of investment projects involving special mechanisms for the provision of resources.

During the event, special attention was paid to the close relationship of the project results with the future systematic work of Turkmenistan within the framework of the Enhanced Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement.

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