phd job titles

Career Paths for PhD Graduates

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Biomedical scientists can use their knowledge of biomedical research in a wide variety of ways.

What can I be with a PhD?

Biomedical scientists may use their knowledge of biomedical research to:

• Direct a research lab and decide which scientific questions to investigate
• Be part of a team of scientists working together to solve problems of health and disease
• Manage and coordinate large scientific projects (across institutions and/or across the world)
• Teach others about biomedical science including how to do research and how to think about and understand scientific information
• Inform policy makers about scientific matters that impact health and science
• Communicate (by writing and speaking) and disseminate the latest information about scientific and medical discoveries
• Translate discoveries and inventions from the most fundamental level to every day usage

Where do biomedical scientists work?

Academic institutions (research and administration)

• Large research universities
• Small liberal arts colleges
• Medical centers and medical schools
• Dental, veterinary and optometry schools
• Research institutes
• Community colleges
• High schools

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies

Government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels, including:

• NIH - National Institutes of Health
• FDA - Food and Drug Administration
• CDCP - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• NSF - National Science Foundation
• EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
• NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• USDA - Department of Agriculture
• VA - Veterans' Administration
• DOD - Department of Defense
• US Congress
• Executive Branch of the Federal Government
• State and county health departments

Mass communication organizations and businesses

• Newspapers and magazines
• Internet-based communications
• Broadcast media (television, radio, movies)
• Scientific journals and textbooks

Law firms (patent and intellectual property law)

Consulting firms

• Judicial system - scientific evidence in trials
• Financial - advising regarding investments in biotechnology, drug and medical device development
• Educational

Philanthropic and non-profit organizations

• NAS/IOM - National Academies of Science/Institute of Medicine
• Scientific societies and associations
• Private foundations

General information about careers in biomedical science

ScienceCareers.org  - Find a job in science - searchable by location including international, field, keyword, etc.

PhD Jobs  - Includes jobs from across the United States including Biological Science, Business, Education, Engineering, Health & Medicine, Information Science, Law, Science

ScienceCareers.org "Mastering Your Ph.D.: Preparing for Your Post-Ph.D. Career" - Survival and success in the doctoral years and beyond

National Postdoctoral Association  - Providing a national voice and seeking positive change for postdoctoral scholars

Choosing a Postdoctoral Position  - Advice on finding the best postdoc for you

PhDs.org: Science, Math, and Engineering Career Resources  - Information for scientists and would-be scientists at all levels, from high school students through Nobel laureates.

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Helpful tools for those applying to medical PhD programs.

Upcoming short presentations will describe features of PhD training, alumni careers, and detailed logistics of the application process.

Learn about PhD Programs from program leaders.

Graduate schools in the biomedical sciences will generally provide a comprehensive funding package to their students.

PhD Programs by School

List of Postdoctoral Programs by School

Postbaccalaureate programs begin after an undergraduate degree and are designed to support the transition to professional school.

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493 PhD positions

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• PhD positions in Belgium (186)
• PhD positions in Netherlands (72)
• PhD positions in Sweden (49)
• PhD positions in Switzerland (33)
• PhD positions in Norway (31)
• PhD positions in Germany (28)
• PhD positions in Luxembourg (28)
• PhD positions in France (22)
• PhD positions in Finland (16)
• PhD positions in Austria (13)

Main fields

• PhD positions in Engineering (243)
• PhD positions in Computer Science (147)
• PhD positions in Physics (131)
• PhD positions in Biology (113)
• PhD positions in Chemistry (102)
• PhD positions in Medicine (73)
• PhD positions in Mathematics (71)
• PhD positions in Business and Economics (53)
• PhD positions in Psychology (33)
• PhD positions in Social Science (33)

Search results (493)

PhD Position on AUTOMATED HIGH FREQUENCY DESIGN OF MAGNETICS - POWER ELECTRONICS

KU Leuven, located in Belgium, is among the top European universities, ranked as the top university in the Reuters ranking of Europe's most innovative universities. KU Leuven is a research-intensiv...

Doctoral student in Political Science

Sapere Aude—dare to be wise—is our motto. Our students and employees develop knowledge and expertise that enrich both people and the world around them. Our academic environment is characterised by ...

Doctoral student in Political Science (psychological defense and disinfo.)

PhD Candidate for Computational Approaches for Studying Animal Behavior, Personality, and Emotions

About our Campus: Rehovot Campus (Rehovot) and Mt. Scopus Campus (Jerusalem). The position will be based across two campuses: The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment on The Hebrew University’s beautiful Rehovot Campus. Reh...

PhD in Advanced hybridization of metaheuristics and constraint programming techniques for the integration of energy constraints in assembly line balancing problems

Location : Laboratory of Informatics, Modelling and Optimization of the Systems (LIMOS UMR CNRS 6158) – Campus des Cézeaux – 1 rue de la Cherbade, 63178 AubièreSupervision : Laurent Deroussi (LIMOS, co-supervisor) Nathalie Grangeon (LIMOS, co-supe...

PhD position in Computer Science for Circular Construction

PhD position in Computer Science for Circular ConstructionThe Chair of Circular Engineering for Architecture (CEA) is seeking a highly motivated and qualified PhD candidate in the field of digital ...

Vacancy for two PhD researchers in Predictive and Prescriptive Process Modelling

You will work at the LIRIS research group of the Faculty of Economics and Business at KU Leuven. One position is hosted at KU Leuven, with an exchange period at University of Melbourne. The second ...

Doctoral student in Computer Science with a specialisation in software quality

Phd in health monitoring of aircraft structures and systems.

Applications are invited for a PhD fellowship. This PhD is situated in a joint project between the Departments of Mechanical and Materials Engineering of the KU Leuven - Campus Ghent, to fully cove...

PhD in Sustainable Asset Management

Job descriptionThe challengeOur society relies heavily on technical systems to provide essential products and services such as energy, transportation, food, and products. These systems (called asse...

PhD Student - Department of Biotechnology

Last application date Jul 13, 2024 00:00Department LA25 - Department of BiotechnologyContract Limited durationDegree A Master degree in microbiology, biotechnology, bioscience engineering or equivalent, completed before the start date of the posit...

PhD Position in Medicinal Chemistry (Organic chemist with a passion for molecular modelling)

The Verwilst Lab is part of the Medicinal Chemistry group, located in the prestigious Rega Institute for Medical Research, and is part of the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Scienc...

Doctoral candidates in Statistics and Probability

The University | About us...The MATHCODA Doctoral Training Unit is a doctoral program covering a coherent set of themes around the ideation and study of novel mathematical tools for dealing with hi...

Doctoral (PhD) Student Positions in Control for Advanced Manufacturing

Doctoral (PhD) Student Positions in Control for Advanced ManufacturingWith our cutting-edge research, ETH Zürich's around 12’000 employees make essential contributions to the well-being of society ...

PhD position on "On-Chip Separation of Proteins for Single-Cell Proteome Profiling"

PhD position on "On-Chip Separation of Proteins for Single-Cell Proteome Profiling"The laboratory of Single-Molecule and Single-Cell Biophysics (BMC)is a research group in the Department of Informa...

PhD position Platform Cooperatives for the Inclusion of Disabled Workers

Job descriptionThis fully-funded, 4-year PhD research position is part of the project "Don't Forget the Forgotten! Towards a Platform-Based Approach for Sustainable Employment of Workers with a Dis...

Doctoral researcher (PhD) in Cyber Policy

The Department of Law of the Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance of the University of Luxembourg is looking for a PhD candidate to conduct research in cyber policy.Your Role...The doctoral resear...

PhD PEACE-A study: Stress reduction in emerging adults with autism

The Adapted Physical Activity (APA) and Psychomotor Rehabilitation (PMT) research group aims to study human functioning taking a holistic approach, integrating body and mind. The focus of the PMT u...

PhD candidate in Energy & Environment Engineering

The University | About us...The University of Luxembourg is an international research university with a distinctly multilingual and interdisciplinary character. The University was founded in 2003 a...

PhD Student on ID03 in the Structure of Materials group

The European Synchrotron, the ESRF, is an international research centre based in Grenoble, France.Through its innovative engineering, pioneering scientific vision and a strong commitment from its 700 staff members, the ESRF is recognised as one of...

Assistant department Animal sciences and aquatic ecology (27295)

    →   Apply until 23/07/2024 (DD/MM/YYYY) 23:59 (Brussels time)    →   Faculty of Bioscience Engineering    →   Department BW22 -Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology    →   AAP temporary appointment - 100%    →   Number of openings: 1    →   Refe...

Quality control within Injection Moulding exploiting data and physical models (APRIORI DC5)

The KU Leuven Mecha(tro)nic System Dynamics division (LMSD) and the Campus Diepenbeek Polymer Processing & Engineering (PPE) groups are searching for a Doctoral Candidate to join its team to work i...

PhD project on safe cycling in Parkinson's disease

We are the Parkinson Rehabilitation Research Lab within the Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy) at KU Leuven university, under the supervision of Prof. Moran Gilat. We aim to improve rehabil...

PhD in Energy Efficient AI/ML for Wireless Communications

About the SnTSnT is a leading international research and innovation centre in secure, reliable and trustworthy ICT systems and services. We play an instrumental role in Luxembourg by fueling innova...

Design and production of highly performant vibro-acoustic parts through overmold

The KU Leuven Mecha(tro)nic System Dynamics (LMSD) and the Campus Diepenbeek Polymer Processing & Engineering (PPE) groups are searching for a research engineer to join its team to work on highly p...

PhD position: Chemical recycling of polyolefin waste streams

KU Leuven is a renowned institution for research and education with international appeal ranked among the top universities worldwide. As a research-intensive and international university, KU Leuven...

PhD Position in Process Systems Engineering

The position will be embedded in the Department’s Chemical and Biochemical Reactor Engineering and Safety research group at KU Leuven's Faculty of Engineering Technology (Campus De Nayer, Sint-Kate...

Full-time FSR doctoral position in the Project "Embodied grammar learning in high-immersive virtual reality"

We are seeking a full-time doctoral student funded by the FSR (Fonds Spécial de Recherche) to contribute to a project aimed at developing an empirically based framework for embodied grammar learning within VR-based environments. This project integ...

Assistant department Food Technology, Safety and Health (27297)

    →   Apply until 30/07/2024 (DD/MM/YYYY) 23:59 (Brussels time)    →   Faculty of Bioscience Engineering    →   Department BW23 - Food Technology, Safety and Health    →   AAP temporary appointment - 100%    →   Number of openings: 1    →   Refe...

PhD Position in Photogrammetry and Computer Vision

Jobs by field.

• Electrical Engineering 191
• Machine Learning 154
• Programming Languages 147
• Artificial Intelligence 139
• Molecular Biology 131
• Electronics 125
• Mechanical Engineering 124
• Materials Engineering 119
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Jobs by type

• Postdoc 314
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• Engineer 82
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• Tenure Track 31

Jobs by country

• Belgium 341
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• Switzerland 107
• Luxembourg 66

Jobs by employer

• KU Leuven 133
• Mohammed VI Polytechnic Unive... 126
• Ghent University 77
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• ETH Zürich 52
• KTH Royal Institute of Techno... 50
• Karolinska Institutet 37
• Silicon Austria Labs (SAL) 33
• University of Antwerp 30

BRET Career Development ASPIRE Program

Possible careers for phds in biomedical sciences.

Posted by Kim Petrie on Friday, December 11, 2020 in Path to Career Resources .

Sometimes it’s just nice to have a list of possibilities. Here’s a terrific list of career paths for PhDs in the biomedical sciences, compiled by Lauren Easterling at Indiana University School of Medicine. It’s nicely arranged by broad theme. See something you’re not familiar with? Check out our Beyond the Lab video and podcast series to see if we have recorded an episode with an alumnus who has pursued that career.

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Beyond the Lab: Data Science

10 PhD in Psychology Jobs

Created by careersinpsychology

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Careers in psychology can last for decades, so you definitely want to pick the right path before you get started.

Psychology is a huge field, and jobs after a PhD in psychology cover a huge spectrum of interests, specialties, and industries.

You’re probably already well aware that those kind of qualifications don’t come cheap. According to 2020 data from NCES, the six or seven years you will spend in grad school getting that PhD or PsyD will run you anywhere from $73,000 to over $155,000 depending on the university.

Before you fork over that kind of cash, you probably want to know what jobs you can get with a PhD in psychology.

PhD in psychology careers are both lucrative and fulfilling. But they require specialization and focus, so you need to think about what area you want to concentrate in before you begin your PhD in psychology program.

These 10 doctorate in psychology jobs are some of the options on the table after you graduate.

1. Clinical Psychologist

Doctorate in psychology jobs don’t get any more iconic than work as a clinical psychologist. You want the office with a couch and people laying on it telling you about their childhood? This is the PhD in psychology career you pick to get it.

Clinical psychologists work directly with individuals and groups who need professional psychoanalysis to help them through mental health issues. Private practice isn’t the only option in this role, though. Plenty of clinical psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, and larger rehabilitation or long-term care facilities. You have a wide range of subspecialties you can choose from, ranging from addiction issues to couples counseling. Or you can remain a generalist, and enjoy the variety of challenges that walk in the door needing your assistance.

2. Research Psychologist

If you aren’t as much of a people-person, but are fascinated by behaviors and thought processes, then becoming a research psychologist may be the right pick for you. Research psychologists don’t engage in one-to-one therapy work, but instead investigate the causes and cures of mental illness in general. That can involve devising and executing psychological experiments, or mining huge databases of behavioral data to uncover trends.

3. Industrial/Organizational Psychologist

I/O psychologists make their mark in the psychology of work. Businesses and other organizations need to understand how group psychology effects productivity, happiness, and cohesion in the workplace. There is a science to workplace dynamics. A doctorate in psychology gives you the toolset to understand how groups interact under the hierarchy and pressure of a factory floor, a hospital ward, or a trading desk. Public and private companies can pay out big bucks for the right kind of advice to make their organizations more efficient and effective.

An online PhD degree can make it easy for you to build up the practical experience you need in this specialty even while you are still studying.

4. Forensic Psychologist

With shows like Criminal Minds and the popular CSI series making a splash in popular culture, a lot of people are pursuing a PhD in psychology with the idea of becoming a forensic psychologist. If you want to understand exactly how twisted and dark the human brain can become, a doctorate is definitely in your future.

But forensic psychologists aren’t usually chasing shadowy figures into dark allies and deducing where serial killers work and play. Forensic psychology is really a specialty that has to do with the psychology of law and legal process. That goes far beyond criminal justice, extending to jury evaluation in civil trials, public policy analysis, and even reviewing laws before they are passed to assess the impact on individuals and society.

5. Educational Psychologist

The human brain is in many ways a learning machine. How we process, absorb, and interpret the world around us is a constant consideration for all psychologists. But educational psychologists specialize in understanding how we acquire, process, and interpret knowledge.

Many educational psychologists work in schools, offering counseling to children, but it’s a broader role than that. Psychologists in this job may evaluate textbooks and curricula to make sure they are optimized for delivering information, or evaluate standardized tests to be sure they are accurately measuring knowledge. Educational policy and legislative development lean heavily on research pioneered by these doctorate in psychology jobs.

6. Developmental Psychologist

Developmental psychology is also concerned with how the brain learns and grows, but it’s a field with bigger fish to fry than just educational matters. It’s the study of mental processes across the lifespan, as the brain and sensory systems grow, mature, and eventually began to deteriorate. Developmental psychologists study and diagnose developmental mental health disorders, playing an important role in pediatric healthcare. But they are also active in researching some of the biggest issues at the other end of the lifespan, looking for ways to cure or treat Alzheimer's and other age-related psychological issues.

7. Social Psychologist

If you’ve ever wondered why a meme goes viral, the social psychology might be the PhD in psychology career for you.

Social psychologists take on some of the most fascinating challenges in the field: they specialize in how individuals both influence and are affected in their thinking by interacting with others. Group think is a thing, and how it happens is the province of the social psychologist. They examine how cultures come from shared thought patterns, and how those patterns both fulfill and constrain the thoughts of people within them.

Understanding social interactions and psychological effects is important for big companies, governments, and healthcare organizations. Social psychology researchers also have plenty of impact on marketing and sales campaigns, right down to picking out the colors for product logos.

8. Health Psychologist

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, health psychology has developed into one of the most fascinating branches of the field. The world has turned into a showcase of reactions to the coronavirus, from panic to outright denial, providing data that will feed future health psychology PhD dissertations for decades.

But it’s also a moment in which more people than ever need the kind of help and advice that health psychologists can offer. From counseling patients on ventilators and in isolation to advising public health agencies on the best campaigns to increase vaccine acceptance rates, health psychologists have had their shining moment thrust upon them. With new recognition of the importance of professional PhD counseling in healthcare, that moment isn’t likely to fade anytime soon.

9. Sports Psychologist

Becoming a sports psychologist is a dream job for any sports fan. Since there are a lot of sports fans in the United States, that makes it a particularly tough field to get into. But the rewards are massive.

Sports psychologists can and do work with pro athletes in any kind of competitive event, including big names who play for major teams. They might work for the teams themselves, advising on team building and coaching processes. In other cases, they work with individual athletes to maximize performance or help with injury recovery.

But sports psychologists play important roles in rehab and assisting amateur athletes, too. Not everyone needs to work for an NBA team to get satisfaction and deliver real results in this field.

10. Neuropsychologist

We saved the toughest job for last. Neuropsychologists explore the boundaries between the mental and the physical. They study the physiological processes underlying thoughts, perceptions, and feelings for a better understanding of how people think. That gives them an edge in determining when problems are purely psychological, or have a basis in physical injury or disease.

The reverse is also true, and neuropsychologists play an important role in research by helping the field of brain science interpret findings of imaging and experiments by translating them into effects on mental processes. New understanding of traumatic brain injury and diseases like Alzheimer's come out of neuropsychology research. It’s one of the most rewarding PhD in psychology jobs you will find.

Research Careers

• Psychologists
• Social Workers

Finding a Program

• Associate's Programs
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• Program Directory

Explore Degree Paths

• Choosing a School / Degree
• Master's Degrees
• Doctorate Degrees

Work Experience

• Psychology Internships

What PhDs do for work (I asked, hundreds answered)

Have you ever wondered what PhDs do if they don’t work as professors?

Back in December I asked my PhD Twitter followers about their job titles. Here’s the tweet:

Hey PhDs! Did you start a new job this year? What's the job title (and what's your PhD in)? Let's make a big thread. — Jennifer Polk, PhD (she, her) (@FromPhDtoLife) December 13, 2021

I got hundreds of responses , from PhDs (and ABDs) across all fields, in many different countries. And yeah, a few folks work as adjuncts, postdocs, lecturers, and professors of various kinds. That’s expected. But most are working as scientists, researchers, writers and editors, project and program managers, engineers, analysts, and more. There are plenty of senior, principal, lead, director, and other fancy job titles in the mix, too.

(I call myself a PhD career coach and educator, as well as an entrepreneur and business owner. So that’s my PhD job title situation.) There’s a  ton  of variety. And it’s great! 🎨 Check out the responses  on Twitter  for inspiration for your own job search. Feel free to share your good news or identify PhDs you want to network with in the new year. (A couple folks already said they’d be happy to speak with PhDs interested in learning more about their careers. Take advantage!) If you’re struggling to get a meaningful career going, I hope you’ll remind yourself that we’re  still  in a global pandemic (😭), the academic job market is terrible (let’s be honest), and the labour market looks  nothing  like what it did for our parents when they were our age (so their advice is probably crap, sorry!). Plus, did your PhD program teach you  how  to get a great career going for yourself in this day and age? I hope so; for most of you, I expect it did not. 😬 So please be kind to yourself, take a breath if you need it, seek out the right strategy (check out my advice on that 😉), and then go forward at your own pace.

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What is your correct title while working on a PhD?

After finishing a PhD, your title is either Dr or PhD. What is the correct title while still working on it? Is it MSc?

This question asks almost the same question, but doesn't specifically ask for titles.

• 3 " What's my professional title while working full time on my PhD? " doesn't specifically ask for titles ? –  Nobody Commented Jun 26, 2023 at 12:17
• 1 If you got an MSc, then your highest earned degree is MSc. If you didn't, then it isn't. –  Adam Přenosil Commented Jun 26, 2023 at 12:19

5 Answers 5

You don't really have a title, per se, other than whatever other social titles already apply to you: Mr., Ms. ...

You can add MSc following your name if you have earned that, but it isn't really a title.

But you are a student .

Once you pass certain milestones, you might be called something like a degree candidate but that isn't a title. Titles (other than hereditary titles) require earning some achievement that you haven't yet earned.

Some people might want to use "Master" after earning a MSc, but that is also often used for, say, five year old boys. Probably not what you are after.

• 2 It's pretty clear that the OP is using the word "title" to mean Bc., MSc., Ph.D. and similar abbreviations attached to one's name. Your answer explains to the OP that the word "title" doesn't mean what they think it means, but it doesn't tell them what they actually want to know. –  Adam Přenosil Commented Jun 26, 2023 at 12:33
• 4 OP's profile indicates they are in Netherlands, where they would typically be considered an employee, not a student . –  Anyon Commented Jun 26, 2023 at 13:02
• And then there is of course also the issue that "Master" has some definite racial and historical connotations. –  Wolfgang Bangerth Commented Jun 26, 2023 at 17:40

To add to the (very good) previous answers, I think it is also important to mention that the way PhD students are considered is also country dependent.

In the US, people working towards a PhD degree are mostly considered as students. They are often referred to as "PhD candidates" or "grad students" (depending on their level of advancement). The curriculum is longer (and can be started without a prior Master degree, which is usually not the case in European countries), and requires to take several classes and exams. The stipend is usually not fantastic, while the graduation ceremony is quite a big deal. Briefly, working towards a PhD in the US can be compared to getting any other academic diploma.

In Europe, people working towards a PhD degree are mostly considered as professional researchers. For instance, in France, it is common to refer to a PhD student as "scientist" or "researcher" (even though they are students registered at a higher education institution). It is not always required to take classes - and if it is, the requirement is often to simply validate a few credits once for all. The graduation process is pretty casual, if existent at all. If I were to summarize my PhD in Switzerland: I have been working in a lab doing science for some time, and at the end they gave me a piece of paper saying that I was now legally allowed to add the letters "PhD" in front of my name on my mailbox and my driving license.

I am less knowledgeable about this process in other continents. And these are only general trends, as sharp country-specific differences may exist.

The UK seems closer to the US than to "Europe" in these matters.

Here your title normally goes in front of your name, and does not change based on receipt of a masters degree, whether or not you subsequently start a PhD. You can start using the title Dr after completing a PhD, but many people don't use it, or only use it in a relevant professional context. You technically can put letters after your name following the award of any degree (including bachelors) and various other degree-like achievements, but this is never actually done in everyday life. A case where it would be done is if someone in medical, legal or related professions had a name-plate outside their place of work of the form "Jane Smith BVSc MRCVS" to demonstrate their qualifications.

Historically, however, there was a potential change in title. If Mr Paul Jones was awarded a masters degree, he could then be styled "Paul Jones, Esq.". Note that by "historically" I mean over 100 years ago, so at the time only men were allowed to get degrees. The title Esq. (for Esquire) is not really used any more and most people aren't aware that it signifies anything in particular, except that the user is somewhat pretentious. Maybe the best known recent usage is Bill S. Preston, Esq. , who does not have a masters degree.

In Poland, they use X, Ph.D. or MSc X while being a student, and Dr. X when they obtain their degree.

However, this is not consistent throughout all universities in Poland.

I write X, Ph.D. Candidate and I think this is the proper way to describe my situation.

Within the Humanities in the United States, it's common to say "doctoral student" when enrolled in a PhD program, but if one has not yet advanced to candidacy. After passing qualifying exams, submitting an approved dissertation proposal, and/or whatever paperwork is required by one's university to be ABD ("All But Degree"), then one can say that they are a "doctoral candidate."

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11 Careers for I-O Ph.D. Grads

Top careers in i/o psychology.

Industrial organizational psychology programs are available to undergraduate and graduate students.  Perhaps you took an introductory course in I O psychology while earning your bachelor’s degree.  Advanced education and training are essential for career advancement.  A master’s degree may be sufficient for many roles in I O psychology, but a doctorate degree can improve job prospects and income potential.  Organizational psychology degrees are offered by many top universities. 

I O psychology has been around since the 1920’s.  The first person to earn a PhD in industrial/organizational psychology was Bruce V. Moore.  He went on to make significant contributions to the field.  Dr. Moore created a strong I O psychology program at Penn State.

Featured Schools

Related resource:  Top 25 Campus-Based Industrial-Organizational Psychology Master’s Degree Programs

But as with so many careers, the more education you have, the more variety you are likely to have in terms of:

• places of employment
• compensation

Getting your Ph.D. in I O psychology certainly opens up your career prospects on all three of these measures.

What can you do with a PhD in psychology ? If you’ve taken the time to get a doctoral degree in industrial organizational psychology, then you know that there are a wealth of career options for you. Doctoral programs in I O psychology prepare graduates to work in areas like:

• business and marketing
• market research
• human resources
• organizational development
• government agencies

What Does an Industrial Organizational Psychologist Do?

While the specific duties of your job will depend on your job title and place of employment, there are some basic responsibilities you can expect to have in any organizational psychology related career.

On a primary level, all I O psychologists apply their knowledge and understanding of psychology to the workplace.  You will lean on your years of education and experience in psychology to:

• improve employer-employee relations
• design an intake assessment for new employees
• increase productivity among employees

This application of psychology to the workplace setting can take many different forms. You might:

• Train new hires
• Improve the organizational structure of a business
• Oversee hiring practices
• Consult with human resources
• Conduct psychological research
• Improve the workplace environment
• Research consumer behavior
• Assess employee job performance
• Assist with company transitions, like mergers and takeovers

Again, some of these tasks are more common than others, and depending on your specific place of work, you may or may not be involved in all of them.

What Can I Do With a PhD in Psychology? 

Let’s explore some of the most popular career paths for I O psychology graduates.  Below we explain some popular industrial organizational psychology job titles .  

Individual Assessment and Psychometrics Specialist

In some companies, industrial organizational psychologists are tasked primarily with conducting assessments. Though the type of assessments will vary from position to position, the role of a psychometrist is to evaluate employees.  They want to place them in a job that best fits their skills.

For example, if you work for a manufacturing company, one of the assessments you give to prospective employees might be a hand-eye coordination test. This test could be highly informative as to whether or not a potential employee has the basic physical skills to keep up with a fast-paced assembly line.

As another example, you might be in charge of evaluating current employees. You might use interest inventories to see if there is a different job that fits their interests better. Likewise, you might conduct employee evaluations to see what their attitudes are like regarding management and the work environment.

Yet another aspect of this type of organizational psychology job is to develop bespoke assessments for your employer. You might create an employee screening test that looks for desirable skills that would benefit the company’s bottom-line.

Not only would you develop the measure but you might also be in charge of:

• analyzing test items
• calculating norms
• conducting statistical analyses
• writing assessment instructions

Engineering Psychologist

Unlike industrial organizational psychologist jobs like human resources that focus on the human side of the workplace, engineering psychologists focus on the physical aspects of the work environment.  They study how people interact with technology.

As an engineering psychologist, you might be asked to evaluate the safety of the workplace and identify potential areas where employee safety might be at risk. After this evaluation, you would make recommendations regarding how to reorganize the workplace to make it a safer environment for employees.

As another example, you might be hired by a company to analyze how consumers interact with a new product. You might oversee various trials in which volunteers use a product and report on their user experience. Your job would be to:

• collect that data
• interpret it
• use it to make recommendations on how the product can be improved for a better consumer experience

Research Psychologist

A number of industrial-organizational psychologist jobs are in research.  I O psychology professionals conduct research in a number of different settings including:

• colleges and universities
• nonprofit organizations
• governmental agencies (including the military
• and large business enterprises or corporations

For example, you might develop a longitudinal study that examines the relationship between paid leave and job satisfaction at a private company. This kind of research would seek to answer the question, “Does more paid leave result in higher job satisfaction?” In conducting this kind of research, you could help business leaders determine the right amount of paid leave to offer employees that enhance their satisfaction with the job, but that doesn’t negatively impact production or the company’s bottom line.

Think of industrial psychology jobs in research as looking at the big picture. You might study individual workers’ behaviors. You might examine small groups within a business or organization. Or you might evaluate the entire ecosystem of an organization. But at the end of the day, the research you do is intended to identify problems in the workplace and mitigate those problems through research-based methods.

College Professor

Some of these individuals teach. Others do research as referenced a moment ago more broadly. Still other people who earn a doctorate degree in this I O psychology focus on both teaching and writing.

Typically, career opportunities in academics come only after working in the “real world” in I O psychology. This is to say that college professors usually have experience in the field, and can draw on that experience to further their capabilities as a professor, researcher, or both.

In fact, the vast majority of psychology professors at colleges and universities have held positions outside of academics first. So, as a hopeful college professor, you will need to gain some on-the-job experience in I O psychology first, and then begin your career in academia later on. This doesn’t mean you need to work for 30 years in the field, but certainly having 5-10 years of job experience in I O psychology will help.

Behavior Analyst

Industrial organizational psychologists can use their knowledge and training in human behavior to become a behavior analyst.

As a behavior analyst, you might be asked to analyze the behavior of a company’s employees as they work on the floor of a manufacturing plant. Your goal would be to examine how environmental factors in the workplace affect employee behavior and on-the-job performance.

Furthermore, you might be tasked with considering how to change the workday to improve productivity. For example, if a company has noticed a downturn in employee productivity, you might be asked to explore what the cause of that lack of productivity might be. 

As you dive into the problem, you might find that a recent change in the work schedule is the culprit, and make recommendations to create a new schedule that better adheres to the times of greatest employee productivity.

As a behavior analyst, you aren’t just looking to identify problem behaviors and correct them. Instead, you want to be able to:

• describe a person’s behavior
• develop an understanding of it
• identify the circumstances in which certain behaviors occur
• devise ways to change behaviors for the benefit of the person (and the company, too, of course)

Human Resources

A significant cohort of women and men who earn a doctorate in industrial and organizational psychology work in the field of human resources. They do so in a number of different ways. 

For example, these professionals might work in human resources departments of larger business and governmental agencies. They may work as human resources specialists or as a human resources manager.  In this capacity, you might expect to have responsibilities that include:

• Interviewing and hiring new employees
• Developing effective training programs
• Training employees
• Improving workplace productivity
• Mediating workplace conflicts
• Assessing and evaluating employees
• Creating professional development opportunities

In some cases, you might be asked to represent individual workers in the company. For example, if an employee is facing termination, you might be asked to advocate on their behalf.

You might have a more specialized role.  Some I O psychology professionals work as training and development specialists or in ergonomics.  They might work in management consulting to provide outside perspectives and strategies to improve the organization.

Ultimately, the goal of a human resources position is to ensure that the overall culture within the business or organization is one of teamwork and respect for all employees.

Staffing and Recruiting Manager

A related career path to human resources is to become a staffing and recruiting manager.

As the job title indicates, this position focuses solely on recruiting new talent and helping fill vacant positions within a company. You would oversee all hiring processes. You would likely also be responsible for developing employee training programs.

Being able to identify a person’s potential requires you to lean heavily on your knowledge of psychology. You’ll need to utilize skills related to:

• interviewing
• predicting behavior
• analyzing behavior as well

What’s more, understanding what motivates people is hugely important. This position often requires you to direct efforts to retain employees. Leveraging your understanding of what employees find motivating can help you keep the best employees around for the long-term.

Executive Coach

Even the organizational leaders of Fortune 500 companies don’t have all the answers when it comes to the ideal direction for their company. That’s where executive coaches come in.

As an executive coach, you will consult with senior leadership executives to develop organizational and managerial skills that will help the company move forward in a positive direction.

In some cases, you might work directly with a single company executive. In others, you might be responsible for coaching the entire executive staff. Additionally, some executive coaches work with mid-management and lower-tier employees, usually in the capacity of encouraging ownership of the company vision and getting buy-in for company-wide changes.

Regardless of who you’re working with, your job as a coach involves a heavy dose of:

• assessing people
• developing professional development plans for them
• creating strategies for achieving goals
• effectively improving their job performance

Organizational Culture Specialist

Another area in which a person with a doctorate in industrial organizational psychology works is as an organizational culture specialist.

Industrial and organizational psychology jobs in this field involves researching and analyzing different aspects of the organization including:

• understandings

This research has the objective of translating these intangibles into a shared, cohesive sense of organization among employees of a business, members of an organization, and so forth.

For example, you might help develop an organizational mission statement that rallies employees behind a common cause. As another example, you might make recommendations about a corporate structure such that a culture of inclusivity is fostered between employers and employees, and within the different departments within a business as well.

Organizational Effectiveness Consultant

Another possible career for a Ph.D. graduate in industrial organizational psychology is an organizational effectiveness consultant.

A consultant in this capacity usually works hand-in-hand with executives and upper management to establish a clear set of goals for the organization. You might:

• define management processes
• help establish long-term goals for the company
• assist company leadership in developing a roadmap for achieving the company’s goals

In some cases, companies might have their own in-house organizational effectiveness consultant. More commonly, though, you would be an independent consultant that’s brought in to get the company headed in the right direction. PhD psychology jobs may also be available through consulting firms. You would then repeat the process with another client, and then another, and so on.

Public Relations

As a public relations specialist, your focus is on understanding what customers want, reaching target markets, and helping companies foster and maintain a positive public image.

This position isn’t just about branding and building consumer trust, though. Public relations is also about:

• identifying consumer needs
• evaluating public opinions
• helping craft marketing messages that resonate with consumers

Of course, another dimension of public relations is helping mitigate negative press. Understanding how to create a narrative – and control that narrative – is paramount in order to focus the public’s attention on what you want them to hear.

Which Career Path is Right for You?

As noted in the introduction, a doctoral degree in this field opens up many different career paths for you.  The most difficult part is likely deciding which of these paths best aligns with your interests and skill set.  Jobs for PhD in psychology graduates are available throughout the country.  If you’ve completed your bachelor’s degree or master’s degree and are ready to take your career to the next level, a PhD might be the right choice for you!

Fortunately, this is a rapidly growing field with a lot of potential for job growth. Though there aren’t many industrial organizational psychologists in the United States ( only about 610 , according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics), demand for I O psychology services is expected to grow in the coming years.

This field of psychology also pays quite well. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a mean annual wage of nearly $113,000.  I O psychology graduates like yourself will likely have high demand and high wages awaiting you upon graduation.

Sean Jackson

B.A. Social Studies Education | University of Wyoming

M.S. Counseling | University of Wyoming

B.S. Information Technology | University of Massachusetts

Related Resources:

• What Can I Expect from an Industrial-Organizational Psychology Ph.D. Program?
• What are the Most Important Elements of an Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Job?
• Top 15 Industrial/Organizational Certificate Programs
• What Are Psychomotor Skills?

Graduate Job Titles

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What will be the job title for PhD student

I am doing full time PhD and receive scholarship from university. I want to add that as a work experience. What job title will be appreciate for making resume for industry job?

• software-industry

• 6 PhD goes under education. Unless I am missing something. –  user10399 Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 13:17
• 5 PhD Candidate is pretty standard. –  AffableAmbler Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 13:18
• In Germany, where PhD students are often actual employees, you'd list this as "Scientific Employee" or maybe "Junior Researcher". –  user29390 Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 13:46
• PhDs, although they fall within 'Academia', are not 'School'... They are often paid positions (be that paid by a company/ industry body, or funded through grants). Their main purpose is not to educate the individual (although this undoubtedly is a large incentive for the individual- they WILL learn through doing one), but to contribute new/ previously unresearched material/ information to a particular field/ topic. –  Noble-Surfer Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 13:50
• 1 Not sure why this is down voted. Most resources that give advice for going from academia to industry explicitly state that you should list the work done as a PhD as work experience and the PhD (the title/diploma) in your education section. Personally, I would simply use "PhD Student" and add bullet points to describe the position. –  kantadou Commented Apr 8, 2020 at 9:06

5 Answers 5

Put PhD Candidate. Contrary to what others suggest here IMHO it is not lying to put it under work experience (where I am from it is considered a job and you get the normal job benefits).

It might depend on the rest of your resume and the exact job you are applying for whether it is better to put it under education or work experience. I have gone both ways in the past (on separate occasions ofcourse)

• ^ This is definitely the correct answer - Other suggested titles are misleading. I would argue it's education, but depending on the nature of the PhD and the job you're applying for - OP's approach may be appropriate. –  Richard Roberts Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 13:51
• 1 Aadnan -- "OP" means "original poster". "PhD Candidate" is never the correct work experience title. One can be a "research assistant" or "teaching assistant" while working on a PhD, but "PhD Candidate" doesn't indicate the work which was performed. –  Julie in Austin Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 14:48
• 2 @JulieinAustin It might be good to make it PhD Candidate in ... but in the end I think a PhD is at least equivalent to a traineeship (a long traineeship). And many people would put that under work experience as well –  user180146 Commented Sep 18, 2019 at 18:40
• 1 @user180146 - "training" is still education. If there is work involved, the correct job title (and contrary to what you wrote, the OP asked for a "job title") would be the working role. If someone interns as an electronic lab technician while earning a BSEE, the correct job title is "Electronic Lab Technician" not "BSEE Candidate" or "Intern". A PhD Candidate in some field performing lab research is a "Research Assistant" and the tasks performed are the work.The connection between the PhD and the lab research work is obvious from the dates. –  Julie in Austin Commented Sep 21, 2019 at 6:41
• 1 @JulieinAustin "PhD Candidate" may well be the correct job title to put, just like you might put "Electrical Apprentice" for the time you spent doing an apprenticeship for your Certificate IV to become an Electrician. –  nick012000 Commented Dec 29, 2021 at 9:46

When I was doing my PhD we were known as Post Graduate Researchers - which is indeed what we were doing. In my country (UK) PhD candidates occupy a funny grey area between 'student' and 'real job'. Sometimes it can be advantageous to refer to yourself as a student (e.g. you don't pay council tax) and other times it is better to refer to yourself as a researcher (e.g. to a letting agent who refuses to let to students).

Your job title needs to reflect the actual work performed. Being a PhD Candidate may be hard work, but your education belongs under the "Education" section of your resume.

Typically a PhD candidate is performing actual research of some form within their chosen field. If you are a research assistant, you use that and you describe the nature of the work you performed, your responsibilities, achievements, and so forth within the normal format for "work experience".

Your status as a PhD candidate goes under education, along with any other graduate or undergraduate degrees you've earned. You may also want to list where you are in the PhD process.

Both previous answers are valid, but to add more perspective:

What are your tasks under your PhD program?

As far as you only:

• Attend classes, and perform course assignments
• Write papers
• Conduct research for your thesis
• Prepare/review/defend/publish your thesis

This is just academic experience in my book and should go under "education".

If by happenstance of your program you are also expected to:

• Advise students.
• Conduct experiments designed by other people with a minimally formal process.
• Prepare requests for proposals and analyze received technical proposals from companies.
• Perform any work that is not listed above, and is not tied to your thesis, but is tied to your stipend.
• Review industry-relevant requirements related to the products of the team's research.

Then those can be work experiences, and should be minimally described in a CV if you want to justify calling your PhD time "work experience".

To be clear, academic and work experiences are both highly valuable, and I'm not claiming one is better than the other, but they are different and any sane person should recognize them as such.

When a PhD is just NOT work experience

I've known PhD students that did not do anything worth calling "work experience", and once they got into industry jobs, they were effectively at their "first job", feeling and acting as such. I've also seen PhD candidates who had lots of experiences that were professionally relevant, those are fairly rare where I live though.

Also, an advisor might manage your work just like your future boss would, but I've seen many who had a "laissez-faire" or "hands-off" attitude towards their students, thus giving an amount of freedom and autonomy that one would hardly be granted when starting an entry-level job. Having work experience also means dealing with a boss or clients.

Though, in my country, people often believe that having a PhD is a disadvantage in one's CV. As many companies have no use for the research experience and expect the candidate to be entitled, inexperienced, and under-deliver. I don't agree with this view, but the fact that many "PhD Candidates" are looking for jobs and leaving their thesis incomplete (thus not achieving the title) surely does not help fight the stereotype.

When a PhD is valuable

On a different note, many engineers I've known are basically unable to perform research-related tasks, such as properly reviewing scientific literature, replicating a paper, and creating new methods and tools to solve a problem. They usually rely on experience/tips/consultants to replace the need for any of those. And many workplaces are fine with their employees having such limitations.

To do a real PhD means to be paid to lead a scientific research project, from the first year. It's a full time job, and goes under work experience. Many universities leave PhD students in a grey area where they are not students but they are not staff either, to make sure PhD students can't make any claim regarding pensions, etc.

When I am hiring somebody with a PhD, I expect the CV to show the research work conducted under the work experience section.

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