Please do not go to these three high-density places: closed spaces with poor ventilation, crowded places where many people gather together, and intimate spaces where you would have conversations in close proximity. As for commuting, please work from home or stagger commuting times where possible to reduce contact with other people.
The action taken by all of us will be the most effective remedy in overcoming this disease and ending the coronavirus epidemic quickly. We will do our utmost to improve our healthcare provision system, prevent the spread of infection, and mitigate the impacts on the local economy.
Let us all work together to overcome this difficult situation.”
Please avoid leaving your house as much as possible.
Staying at home can save lives and prevent the spread of infection.
The following is a message from an infectious disease control expert.
“One characteristic of the novel coronavirus is that it is difficult to notice that you are infected. As a result, it is possible that you could feel healthy but pass the virus on to 2–3 people within a week. Those individuals could then each pass the virus on to a further 2–3 people, and those in turn could then pass the virus on to another 2–3 people. Two will become 4, 4 will become 8, 8 will become 16, 16 will become 32, and so on, and the number of infected people will keep doubling. Unless contact between people decreases, it is estimated that about 850,000 people will become seriously ill in Japan and about 420,000 people will die. However, if everybody stops going out and stays at home, and if we are able to reduce our contact with people by 80 %, we will be able to prevent the spread of infection. For example, stop meeting with your friends, stop going shopping, and work from home. If we can reduce the number of people infected, we can reduce the burden on doctors and nurses and prevent hospitals being overwhelmed.” |
The following is a message from an emergency medical care doctor.
“The beds and intensive care units at my hospital have all been filled by patients who have the novel coronavirus, and we can no longer accept new patients. The overwhelming of hospitals and collapse of the healthcare system that happened in Italy and New York is already under way in Japan. Doctors and nurses are being fully mobilized for treatment, but they lack masks and protective clothing. We have cut plastic folders with scissors to make face shields to cover our faces. We use the same mask for 3 days. With the high risk of infection, we are being pushed to the limit. It is not uncommon for infection to occur within the hospital. Even if only one of the doctors or nurses gets infected, many co-workers have to isolate themselves at home and are unable to continue providing treatment. This means that, if any one of you becomes infected and their condition becomes critical, there may be no treatment available. We are staying in the hospitals and continuing to provide treatment. So please, stay at home. If you do your part, we will be able to do ours.” |
The following is a message from a patient who is infected with the novel coronavirus.
“I had a 40-degree fever and a headache that felt like someone was stomping on my head. I could not stop coughing, and the pain felt as though I was inhaling broken glass. I really thought that I was going to die. I have no pre-existing conditions, do not smoke, and was perfectly healthy, but now I cannot breathe without a breathing tube. I have a drip and a catheter stuck into both of my hands. Right now, I feel ten times better than I did when I was at my worst, and I am able to talk about my condition. But my fever refused to go down even after I had taken medication, and I do not know how many days have passed since I was hospitalized. I do not know where I was infected. I do not know the route of infection, whether it was my workplace, somewhere I had visited for work, or when I was out shopping. Afterward, the rest of my family also tested positive. I had passed it to them. You do not know where you can be infected. Do not assume that you will be okay because you are young or healthy. The virus does not pick and choose. Please stop going out. Stay at home.” |
The following is a message from an individual who lives in an area where an outbreak of novel coronavirus has occurred.
“In the beginning, I did not really feel a sense of crisis. Of course I thought ‘Coronavirus is scary; better be careful,’ but nothing more. However, in the area where I live, the number of those infected has increased tenfold from 1500 to 15,000 in just one week. It is a real outbreak. The number of infected people increased all at once and overwhelmed the hospitals. They are lacking beds and ventilators. Some doctors and nurses are infected, and there are not enough hospital staff. Because of the healthcare system collapse, even if you are infected with coronavirus you will be unable to receive a test or treatment. If I or my family are infected and our condition becomes critical, we will likely die. I am scared to go grocery shopping. I always disinfect my purchases with alcohol, but soon my alcohol will run out. If you continue to go out, the number of those infected could jump to the tens of thousands, and the situation in your area will be the same as it is here. Please stop going out. Stay at home.” |
According to the traditional definition, grinding one’s teeth is when somebody makes a sound by strongly grinding the teeth together, usually unconsciously or while asleep. Nowadays, it is often referred to as ‘teeth grinding,’ a term which also covers various actions that we do while awake.
Whether you are sleeping or awake, the non-functional biting habit of grinding one’s teeth dynamically or statically, or clenching one’s teeth, can also be referred to as bruxism (sleep bruxism if it occurs at night). Bruxism can be categorized into the movements of: sliding the upper and lower teeth together like mortar and pestle (grinding); firmly and statically engaging the upper and lower teeth (clenching); and dynamically bringing the upper and lower teeth together with a tap (tapping).
Bruxism is difficult to diagnose, as it often has no noticeable symptoms. Stress and dentition are thought to be causes of bruxism, but it is currently unclear and future research is anticipated.
Splint therapy, which involves the use of a mouthpiece as an artificial plastic covering on one’s teeth, and cognitive behavioral therapy are being researched as treatments for bruxism.
(Cronbach’s α 0.863) |
(1) Would you like to cancel or postpone plans such as “meeting people,” “eating out,” and “attending events” because of the new coronavirus infection? |
(2) Would you like to reduce the time you spend shopping in stores outside your home because of the new coronavirus infection? |
(3) Would you like to avoid crowded spaces because of the new coronavirus infection? |
(Cronbach’s α 0.480) |
(1) How serious do you think your health will be if you are infected with the new coronavirus? |
(2) How serious do you think the social situation will be if the new coronavirus spreads? |
(Cronbach’s α 0.875) |
(1) How likely are you to be infected with the new coronavirus? |
(2) How likely are you to be infected with the new coronavirus when compared with someone of the same sex and age as you? |
(Cronbach’s α 0.921) |
(1) Do you think that you can save your life from the new coronavirus infection and prevent the spread of infection …by canceling or postponing your appointments such as “meeting people,” “eating out,” and “attending events”? |
(2) …by reducing the time you spend shopping at stores outside your home? |
(3) …by avoiding crowded spaces? |
(Cronbach’s α 0.853) |
(1) Do you think that you can cancel or postpone your appointments such as “meeting people,” “eating out,” and “attending events” because of the new coronavirus infection? |
(2) Do you think you can reduce the time you spend shopping in stores outside your home because of the new coronavirus infection? |
(3) Do you think you can avoid the crowded spaces because of the new coronavirus infection? |
All questions above were on a scale of 1–6, ranging from “extremely unlikely” to “unlikely,” “a little unlikely,” “a little likely,” “likely,” and “extremely likely.”
Greater Good Science Center • Magazine • In Action • In Education
In many places around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic means perpetually living under the gun. When we walk out of our doors, we can’t let our guard down. Even grocery shopping can feel fraught with danger. Moreover, many people fear for their jobs and futures. This has also been a period of intense political conflict in the United States and of fires up and down the West Coast. Seeing threats everywhere triggers stress and anxiety.
At the same time, the pandemic has profoundly limited the scope of many lives. It’s cut many of us off from variety. It means our home-cooking, day after day, instead of restaurants or potlucks. It means being alone in our apartments—or seeing the same people every day, in the same house, and not meeting new ones in other places. There might be a lot of good in our homes, but at a certain point, through sheer repetition, we might stop seeing how others enhance our daily lives. Humans already tend to take the good things for granted—a psychological phenomenon called “ hedonic adaptation ”—and the groundhog-day nature of lockdown only exacerbates that tendency.
Threatening or just mundane, pandemic conditions do not make fertile ground for thankfulness. But gratitude is one of the tools we can use in both of these circumstances. When we give thanks for everyday things, we make them visible again. When we’re able to do that, numerous studies suggest , we give our happiness a little boost and train our brains to see the good , even amid so much bad .
Gratitude is a tool that many people are using right now on Thnx4.org , the Greater Good Science Center’s online journal. There, people can sign up for a gratitude challenge that prompts them to document and share “thanks” on a regular basis. They can also record times when they were thanked by someone else, and how that made them feel. We survey participants about their well-being before they start the Challenge, and again after it’s complete, in order to understand the impact of Thnx4.
When we analyzed data from the past six months, a couple of patterns stood out. We found that journaling your gratitude during the pandemic on Thnx4 is beneficial—after a challenge, people tend to be more resilient, more satisfied with life, and less lonely. However, these same effects were greater in the period before the lockdown began.
In other words, people aren’t doing as well as they were before the pandemic—but even at that lower baseline, giving thanks still helps. The data also suggest that the people using Thnx4 have been on an emotional rollercoaster: They were sadder, but felt more affection and less anger than they did before the pandemic. We also saw a significant increase in people hearing gratitude from others, which we take to be a very good sign—it suggests that we’re taking care of each other. In reviewing public gratitudes during the pandemic period, we discovered a vivid progression from shock to acceptance—and a growing appreciation for the good things we get from other beings, including our pets, and from nature and society. A journey through expressions of gratitude during the pandemic reveals how we’re helping each other through it. And so, here, we thought we’d share examples of gratitude during COVID-19, grouped by major categories.
Thnx4 also allows users to share times when they were thanked by someone.
Emiliana R. Simon-Thomas, Ph.D. , is the science director of the Greater Good Science Center, where she directs the GGSC’s research fellowship program and serves as a co-instructor of its Science of Happiness and Science of Happiness at Work online courses.
Uc berkeley.
Jeremy Adam Smith edits the GGSC’s online magazine, Greater Good . He is also the author or coeditor of five books, including The Daddy Shift , Are We Born Racist? , and (most recently) The Gratitude Project: How the Science of Thankfulness Can Rewire Our Brains for Resilience, Optimism, and the Greater Good . Before joining the GGSC, Jeremy was a John S. Knight Journalism Fellow at Stanford University.
May 5, 2020.
UN Assistant Secretary-General and Director of the Bureau of External Relations and Advocacy, UNDP
Co-Founder, Heart17
The novel coronavirus pandemic can be the moment the world pushes back against fear and isolationism, and turns instead towards hope, solidarity and a shared sense of global community.
These are fearful times, to be sure. Some 3.55 million people have been infected by COVID-19 and nearly a quarter of a million have perished. Billions of people are on lockdown or in self isolation.
Yet this pandemic and the fear, dread, and anxiety that it has induced has not occurred in isolation. For years, we have existed under the constant and pervasive feeling that things are getting worse, that we are failing each other and that we are failing our planet. This isn’t helped by a daily news cycle that reads like an ever-escalating drumbeat of anxiety. Climate change, war and conflict, isolationism and trade wars; our world, at times, feels dark and lonely, and this despite the many, many positive news stories that exist but that rarely get attention.
Global togetherness
No one doubts that COVID-19 is one of the most dire threats the world has ever faced. And yet, amidst the confusion and anxiety, there are ever stronger signs of hope and solidarity, a sense of, and desire for, togetherness.
It is this spirit of global togetherness that gives us hope. In this time of crisis, we are all neighbours in the world, and success will only be achieved when all people, in all countries, are protected.
Thankfully, this shared sense of responsibility has seen a world come together in ways that we have not seen for some time, and the examples are everywhere.
In the U.K., an army of volunteers has come forth to support their neighbors. As stated in the New York Times , “When the government appealed recently for 250,000 people to help the National Health Service, more than 750,000 signed up. It was forced to temporarily stop taking applicants so it could process the flood.”
In Somalia, where health infrastructure and traditional media have suffered under decades of strife, local storytellers are being equipped with the skills and tools to reach remote communities and educate them on best practices against COVID-19. The initiative is a collaboration between UNDP Somalia ’s Accelerator Lab and experts from Australia’s Queensland University and Digital Storytellers .
And, as pointed out by Jayathma Wickramanayake, the UN Youth Envoy, young people from Syria to Peru to South Sudan are helping to tackle misinformation, raise community awareness and support the elderly.
Such examples are spreading like wildfire as people seek out a light at the end of the tunnel and work to show, to each other, that we all stand together. We see this in the towns and cities around the globe where citizens are painting hearts on windows, where crowds cheer for healthcare workers, and where everyday people perform songs on social media to help lift spirits.
Leaning into hope
Without ignoring the realities we face, it is clear that the world is reaching for a positive message. These words were echoed by UN Secretary-General António Guterres to world leaders, as he emphasized the need for solidarity and global cooperation .
His call has resonated. Long sought-after partnerships with private sector companies are suddenly coming to fruition as everyone steps up to pitch in. UNDP has recently partnered with Variety on a global ad campaign. And UNDP’s new partnership with Heart17, a global initiative using creativity and innovation to accelerate the SDGs and light a spark of hope among the young generation, has brought together major players within fashion and popular culture, such as H&M Group and Spotify, to share their media space for messages around health and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Certainly there will be many lessons learned once COVID-19 has passed, and UNDP’s Accelerator Labs has assessed some of the post-COVID-19 trends they see emerging. A key takeaway is this: COVID-19 has been a sort of reset across societies, across sectors. From telecommuting for work or school, to supply chain management, to support for health systems, and small and medium enterprises, to mental health support across borders or simply across the street, COVID-19 has forced us to look at how we work as a species on this planet.
Amidst the pain that we continue to endure, we should find comfort in the stories of hope and solidarity, and continue to see the value in the positive, encouraging lessons that are emerging for our post-COVID world.
Billions of dollars can be freed up to protect vulnerable populations from economic hardship and advance the SDGs
COVID-19 has laid bare the weaknesses of our health systems and the shortcomings of our development approaches.
Successful partnership marks first anniversary.
The coronavirus pandemic has upended almost every aspect of life as we know it.
About the author, department of global communications.
The United Nations Department of Global Communications (DGC) promotes global awareness and understanding of the work of the United Nations.
23 June 2020 – The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the interconnected nature of our world – and that no one is safe until everyone is safe. Only by acting in solidarity can communities save lives and overcome the devastating socio-economic impacts of the virus. In partnership with the United Nations, people around the world are showing acts of humanity, inspiring hope for a better future.
Rauf Salem, a volunteer, instructs children on the right way to wash their hands, in Sana'a, Yemen. Simple measures, such as maintaining physical distance, washing hands frequently and wearing a mask are imperative if the fight against COVID-19 is to be won. Photo: UNICEF/UNI341697
Venezuelan refugee Juan Batista Ramos, 69, plays guitar in front of a mural he painted at the Tancredo Neves temporary shelter in Boa Vista, Brazil to help lift COVID-19 quarantine blues. “Now, everywhere you look you will see a landscape to remind us that there is beauty in the world,” he says. Ramos is among the many artists around the world using the power of culture to inspire hope and solidarity during the pandemic. Photo: UNHCR/Allana Ferreira
Wendy Schellemans, an education assistant at the Royal Woluwe Institute in Brussels, models a transparent face mask designed to help the hard of hearing. The United Nations and partners are working to ensure that responses to COVID-19 leave no one behind. Photo courtesy of Royal Woluwe Institute
Maryna, a community worker at the Arts Centre for Children and Youth in Chasiv Yar village, Ukraine, makes face masks on a sewing machine donated by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and civil society partner, Proliska. She is among the many people around the world who are voluntarily addressing the shortage of masks on the market. Photo: UNHCR/Artem Hetman
A mother helps her daughter Ange, 8, take classes on television at home in Man, Côte d'Ivoire. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, caregivers and educators have responded in stride and have been instrumental in finding ways to keep children learning. In Côte d'Ivoire, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) partnered with the Ministry of Education on a ‘school at home’ initiative, which includes taping lessons to be aired on national TV and radio. Ange says: “I like to study at home. My mum is a teacher and helps me a lot. Of course, I miss my friends, but I can sleep a bit longer in the morning. Later I want to become a lawyer or judge." Photo: UNICEF/UNI320749
People in Nigeria’s Lagos State simulate sneezing into their elbows during a coronavirus prevention campaign. Many African countries do not have strong health care systems. “Global solidarity with Africa is an imperative – now and for recovering better,” said United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres. “Ending the pandemic in Africa is essential for ending it across the world.” Photo: UNICEF Nigeria/2020/Ojo
Henri Abued Manzano, a tour guide at the United Nations Information Service (UNIS) in Vienna, speaks from his apartment. COVID-19 upended the way people work, but they can be creative while in quarantine. “We quickly decided that if visitors can’t come to us, we will have to come to them,” says Johanna Kleinert, Chief of the UNIS Visitors Service in Vienna. Photo courtesy of Kevin Kühn
Hundreds of millions of babies are expected to be born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fionn, son of Chloe O'Doherty and her husband Patrick, is among them. The couple says: “It's all over. We did it. Brought life into the world at a time when everything is so uncertain. The relief and love are palpable. Nothing else matters.” Photo: UNICEF/UNI321984/Bopape
Sudanese refugee Halima, in Tripoli, Libya, says food assistance is making her life better. COVID-19 is exacerbating the existing hunger crisis. Globally, 6 million more people could be pushed into extreme poverty unless the international community acts now. United Nations aid agencies are appealing for more funding to reach vulnerable populations. Photo: UNHCR
The United Nations Air Service, run by the World Food Programme (WFP), distributes protective gear donated by the Jack Ma Foundation and Alibaba Group, in Somalia. The United Nations is using its supply chain capacity to rapidly move badly needed personal protective equipment, such as medical masks, gloves, gowns and face-shields to the frontline of the battle against COVID-19. Photo: WFP/Jama Hassan
“You see, we're not doing this work to make ourselves feel better. That sort of conventional notion of what a do-gooder is. We're doing this work because we are totally convinced that it's not necessary in today's wealthy world for so many people to be experiencing discomfort, for so many people to be experiencing hardship, for so many people to have their lives and their livelihoods imperiled.”
Dr. David Nabarro has dedicated his life to global health. After a long career that’s taken him from the horrors of war torn Iraq, to the devastating aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami, he is still spurred to action by the tremendous inequalities in global access to medical care.
“The thing that keeps me awake most at night is the rampant inequities in our world…We see an awful lot of needless suffering.”
Ballet Manguinhos, named for its favela in Rio de Janeiro, returns to the stage after a long absence during the COVID-19 pandemic. It counts 250 children and teenagers from the favela as its performers. The ballet group provides social support in a community where poverty, hunger and teen pregnancy are constant issues.
The pandemic has put many people to the test, and journalists are no exception. Coronavirus has waged war not only against people's lives and well-being but has also spawned countless hoaxes and scientific falsehoods.
Explore all metrics
The global outbreak of COVID-19 has not only triggered a public health crisis but also catalyzed a significant shift in the landscape of information dissemination, with citizen journalism emerging as a pivotal force in narrating the pandemic’s multifaceted impact. This study delves into the emotional constructions within citizen journalism, particularly focusing on the narratives shared on the Global Voices platform. Employing Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis framework, we meticulously examine the linguistic strategies, including headline usage, vocabulary, and stylistic elements, that underpin the portrayal of negative emotions during the pandemic. Our analysis reveals how citizen journalists navigate the delicate balance between conveying critical information and the emotional resonance of their narratives, shaping public perception and reaction amidst widespread anxiety, panic, and anger. The emphasis on negative emotions, as delineated through our corpus of reports from January 2020 to July 2022, underscores the significant role of citizen journalism in influencing societal discourse and emotional response during times of crisis. By providing insights into the interplay between language, emotion, and societal dynamics, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the power dynamics and ideological underpinnings inherent in the citizen journalism landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study not only highlights the critical role of citizen journalism in filling the information gap left by traditional media but also underscores the challenges posed by the rapid dissemination of emotionally charged narratives, paving the way for future research on responsible reporting and the emotional well-being of the audience during health crises.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Niwen Liu, Megat Al Imran Yasin, Syed Agil Alsagoff & Chwee Fang Ng
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Liu, N., Al Imran Yasin, M., Alsagoff, S.A. et al. Amplifying Voices in the Pandemic: A Critical Analysis of Citizen Journalism’s Emotional Narrative During COVID-19. J Knowl Econ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02149-8
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