Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases introduces students to pH levels and how to tell the difference between an acid and a base. Students will learn to define and identify both types of substances and explain how they differ. They will also discover why this type of information is important to know.
In the “Options for Lesson” section of the classroom procedure page, you will find several suggestions to add to your lesson delivery. One option is to use litmus paper to test the pH level of a number of substances, including students’ favorite drinks that they bring to class.
Description
Additional information, what our acids and bases lesson plan includes.
Lesson Objectives and Overview: Acids and Bases explores acidic and basic substances and how to measure their pH levels. Students will learn the traits of both an acid and a base. They will be able to explain how the two substances differ. They will also learn what pH means and how it helps scientists measure the hydrogen levels of many substances. This lesson is for students in 5th grade and 6th grade.
Classroom Procedure
Every lesson plan provides you with a classroom procedure page that outlines a step-by-step guide to follow. You do not have to follow the guide exactly. The guide helps you organize the lesson and details when to hand out worksheets. It also lists information in the yellow box that you might find useful. You will find the lesson objectives, state standards, and number of class sessions the lesson should take to complete in this area. In addition, it describes the supplies you will need as well as what and how you need to prepare beforehand. You will need a number of supplies for this lesson—white construction paper, scissors, glue, and colored pencils. If you can, try to obtain litmus paper and a variety of liquids to test their pH values.
Options for Lesson
The “Options for Lesson” section on the classroom procedure page provides a number of extra suggestions for additional activities or ways to alter different parts of the lesson. One suggestion is to get litmus paper and about 10 to 12 substances for students to test and identify as either acids or bases. Another idea is to assign the practice worksheet before the activity rather than after. Students could also bring their favorite drink to class and test whether it is basic or acidic according to its pH level. Another option is to invite a chemist to the class to discuss more about acids and bases with the students.
Teacher Notes
The teacher notes page includes a paragraph that provides a little more information about the lesson or more ideas. It suggests obtaining litmus paper if possible as doing so will greatly enhance the lesson plan and students’ learning about acids and bases. You can use the blank lines on the page to write down any other ideas or thoughts you have prior to the lesson.
ACIDS AND BASES LESSON PLAN CONTENT PAGES
The Acids and Bases lesson plan contains three pages of content. The first page explains why all drinks and some foods have a specific taste. Some are more sour while others are on the bitter side. Examples of sour foods or liquids include buttermilk, lemon juice, and some candies. Other things taste bitter. The foods and drinks that have a sour taste are acidic, and the ones with a bitter taste are more basic.
The lesson provides lists containing facts about acids and bases along with examples of each. Students will learn that the word acid comes from a Latin word that means sour— acere . Some acids are natural, meaning they exist in nature. People often drink liquids that contain these acids. An acid is a molecule that splits apart in water and releases hydrogen ions.
The stomach contains hydrochloric acid, which it uses to digest food and kill disease-causing germs. Batteries of all kinds also contain a type of acid. That includes the batteries you put in toys or remote controls as well as the ones that go inside a real car. Many drinkable liquids also contain acids, like lemon juice, orange juice, and tomato juice.
Bases, on the other hand, have a bitter taste and a soap-like texture. They just happen to feel soapy when rubbing between the fingers. These substances also occur naturally. A base is a molecule that splits apart in water and releases hydroxide ions, which reduces the number of hydrogen ions.
Examples of bases include soapy water, milk, bleach, and Milk of Magnesia. In the body, the pancreas contains a basic substance that helps with digestion. People use bases in household cleaning products and crop fertilizing.
The Indicators
The first person to define these two types of substances was a chemist named Svante Arrhenius in 1887. It would be impossible to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic by tasting every liquid in nature. It would also be dangerous, after all. Instead, there is a special type of substance scientists use to determine whether a liquid is acidic or basic in nature. This special substance is called an indicator.
There are multiple indicators that help scientists with this task. Indicators change color depending on whether the substance is an acid or a base. Three naturally occurring indicators include litmus, turmeric, and China rose. If someone dips any one of these into a liquid, the liquid will change color, which indicates its base or acid level.
Students will discover that the indicator people most commonly use is litmus. Its natural color is purple. When an acidic solution touches it, it will turn red. On the other hand, it will turn blue if someone dips the litmus into a basic solution. Litmus comes from organisms called lichens, which come from both fungi and algae. In addition, litmus can come in either a paper form or as a solution.
The final page of the lesson discusses pH and how this helps determine the a substance’s acidic or basic level. The lesson shows the pH spectrum that all substances fall on, ranging from 0 to 14. The most acidic substances have a low pH, while the most basic substances have a high pH. This means that while two solutions are acidic, one might be more acidic than the other. For instance, black coffee is acidic, and so is the gastric acid in the digestive system. Black coffee, however, is less acidic than gastric acid and thus has a higher pH level.
A pH scale, then, measures how basic or acidic a solution is. It stands for potential of hydrogen, meaning that it measures how many hydrogen ions are in a specific solution. The more hydrogen ions, the more acidic a solution. The more hydroxide ions, the more basic a solution. Liquids that have a pH between 0 and 7 are acidic, and those with 0 are the strongest acids. Bases have pH scores between 7 and 14, with the score of 14 indicating the strongest base. A score of 7 indicates that a solution is neutral, meaning that there is a balance between both the hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Pure water is a neutral substance with a pH of 7.
Acids with a low pH and bases with a high pH are highly dangerous and very reactive. In fact, they could corrode or burn a person’s skin. But people can use the two types to neutralize each other. When a person’s stomach has excess acid, for example, they could drink milk or use a medicine called Milk of Magnesia to neutralize the acid and make their stomach feel better. Students will be interested to learn that toothpaste actually does something similar! Food particles decay in the mouth and increase the acidity levels, leading to tooth decay. Toothpaste helps neutralize the acid and thus prevent tooth decay.
ACIDS AND BASES LESSON PLAN WORKSHEETS
The Acids and Bases lesson plan includes three worksheets: an activity worksheet, a practice worksheet, and a homework assignment. Each worksheet will help reinforce students’ comprehension of the concepts and material they learned throughout the lesson. You can refer to the guide on the classroom procedure page which outlines when to hand out the worksheets.
ACIDIC TO BASIC ACTIVITY WORKSHEET
For the activity, students will cut out 12 pictures of different substances. Using what they learned during the lesson, they will have to order them from most acidic to most basic. They will glue the images onto a piece of construction paper that shows the pH scale.
ACIDS AND BASES PRACTICE WORKSHEET
There are two parts of the practice worksheet. The first part requires students to match statements to the correct term. There are 15 statements and terms to match up. The second section requires them to compare two liquids to each other. There are 10 pairs of liquids to compare in this section.
WHAT DID YOU LEARN HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
Students must answer 20 questions that relate to the information they learned throughout the lesson. If you want to allow students to use the content pages for reference, you may do so. You may, however, wish to test their memory of the lesson material instead.
Worksheet Answer Keys
The final pages of the lesson document are answer keys for the worksheets. The activity answer key displays where each liquid should go and orders them from most acidic to most basic. (In the bases section, you will follow from left to right and top to bottom.) The answers on the practice and homework worksheets are in red. For the most part, students’ responses should match exactly. However, a few questions on the homework assignment may include some variation due to the nature of the question. If you choose to administer the lesson pages to your students via PDF, you will need to save a new file that omits these pages. Otherwise, you can simply print out the applicable pages and keep these as reference for yourself when grading assignments.
| subject | Science |
|---|---|
| grade-level | 5th Grade, 6th Grade |
| State Educational Standards | NGSS.MS-PS1-2, NGSS.PS1A, NGSS.PS1B Lessons are aligned to meet the education objectives and goals of most states. For more information on your state objectives, contact your local Board of Education or Department of Education in your state. |
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Course info.
- Prof. Donald Sadoway
Departments
- Materials Science and Engineering
As Taught In
- Chemical Engineering
Learning Resource Types
Introduction to solid state chemistry, 26. acids & bases.
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Session Overview
| Aqueous Solutions | |
| Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis models of acids and bases, acid strength, pH | |
| acid, base, alkali, acid-base reaction, proton, electron, donor, acceptor, neutralization, dissociation, ionization, conjugate acid-base pairs, protonation, deprotonation, amphiprotic | |
| ammonia (NH ), ammonium (NH ), hydronium (H O ), hydroxyl (OH ), acetic acid (CH COOH), sulfur dioxide (SO ) | |
| pickling, wine, coal-fired power plant, acid rain, sulfur dioxide scrubber |
Prerequisites
Before starting this session, you should be familiar with:
- the Molecules and Bonding module ( Session 7 through Session 12 )
- Solutions ( Session 25 )
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you should be able to:
- Compare the acid-base models of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis, and know the salient features of each.
- Write the general acid-base reaction.
- Explain the chemical basis of acid strength and the pH measurement.
- Describe the behaviors of conjugate acid-base pairs.
- Explain how dissociation affects ionic compounds.
- Solve specific acid-base reaction problems.
| Book Chapters | Topics |
|---|---|
| 4.6, “Acid-Base Reactions.” | Definitions of acids and bases; polyprotic acids; strengths of acids and bases; hydronium ion; neutralization reactions; pH scale |
| 8.7, “Lewis Acids and Bases.” | Lewis acids and bases |
| 16.1, “The Autoionization of Water.” | Acid-base properties of water; ion-product constant; relationship among pH, pOH, and pK |
| 16.2, “A Qualitative Description of Acid-Base Equilibria.” | Conjugate acid-base pairs; equilibrium constants K , K , pK and pK ; strong acids and bases; leveling effect; polyprotic acids and bases; solutions of salts |
| 16.3, “Molecular Structure and Acid-Base Strength.” | Bond strengths; conjugate bases; inductive effects |
| 16.4, “Quantitative Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria.” | K and K ; percent ionization from K and K ; K from K and K |
Lecture Video
- Download video
- Download transcript
Lecture Slides (PDF - 2.2MB)
Lecture Summary
This lecture introduces the chemical models and behaviors of acids and bases. Starting from the historical origins (“acid” derives from the Latin acidus , meaning “sour”), Prof. Sadoway discusses the evolving acid-base models of Lavoisier (1776), Arrhenius (1887), Brønsted and Lowry (1923), and Lewis (1923-1938).
The lecture proceeds to cover:
- The general acid-base reaction
- Conjugate acid-base pairs
- The dissociation process of ionic compounds
- Solving acid-base reaction problems
Problems (PDF)
Solutions (PDF)
Textbook Problems
| [saylor] Sections | Conceptual | Numerical |
|---|---|---|
| 4.6, “Acid-Base Reactions.” | 1, 2 | none |
| 16.2, “A Qualitative Description of Acid-Base Equilibria.” | 2 | 2 |
| 16.3, “Molecular Structure and Acid-Base Strength.” | 3 | none |
| 16.4, “Quantitative Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria.” | none | 8, 15 |
| 16.5, “Acid-Base Titrations.” | none | 1 |
| 16.6, “Buffers.” | none | 3 |
For Further Study
Supplemental readings.
Djerassi, C., and R. Hoffmann. Oxygen: A Play in Two Acts . New York, NY: Wiley-VCH, 2001. ISBN: 9783527304134. See also the study guide and other publisher resources .
Brandis, Kerry. Acid-Base Physiology . See Chapter 1 of this online tutorial/textbook, which applies acid-base chemistry to physiology.
Antoine Lavoisier
Svante Arrhenius — 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted
Martin Lowry
Gilbert N. Lewis
Other OCW and OER Content
| Content | Provider | Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIT OpenCourseWare | Undergraduate (first-year) | For an alternative treatment of many topics in this session (e.g. acid-base models, pH, equilibrium, acid strength, reaction problems), see:
| |
| Connexions | Undergraduate, general chemistry | Includes notes and sample exercises |
You are leaving MIT OpenCourseWare
- Chemistry Worksheets
- Class 7 Chemistry Worksheets
- Class 7 Chemistry Worksheet on Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts Set 1
Chemistry Worksheets Class 7 on Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts with Answers - Set 1
Substances that we use daily can be classified as acids, bases, and neutral substances. For example, lemon juice is acidic, and baking soda solution is basic and common salt is neutral. Lemon juice is acidic since lemon contains citric acid. Similarly, baking soda contains sodium bicarbonate which acts as a base. Sodium chloride is a salt formed by the neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base.
Download Class 7 Chemistry Worksheet on Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts Set 1 PDF
Download PDF
CBSE Class 7 Chemistry Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts Worksheet – Set 1
Q1. What is the common name of sodium bicarbonate?
(a) Antacid
(b) Baking soda
(c) Common salt
(d) Washing soda
Q2. Baking soda turns ______.
(a) Blue litmus red
(b) Red litmus blue
(c) Phenolphthalein colourless
(d) None of the above
Q3. A substance that turns red litmus blue is a/an ______.
(c) Neutral
Q4. A base ______.
(a) Has a bitter taste
(b) Turns blue litmus red
(c) Has a sour taste
(d) Does not affect turmeric
Q5. Salt is formed when ______.
(a) Acid reacts with water
(b) Base reacts with water
(c) Base reacts with acid
(d) All of the above
Q6. Sodium hydroxide is a ______.
Q7. _______ and _______ are used as indicators.
Q8. Grapes contain _______ acid, while apple has _______ acid.
Q9. State true or false.
Excessive use of fertilisers in the soil makes the soil basic.
Q10. State true or false.
Phenolphthalein and methyl orange are examples of indicators.
Q11. Why are antacids used to cure acidity?
Q12. Name any two antacids.
Q13. Why do we use calamine solution on ant bites?
Q14. Why is factory waste neutralised before disposing of?
Q15. What is the chemical name of milk of magnesia?
Q16. What is an indicator?
Q17. What is a universal indicator?
Q18. What is a pH scale?
Q19. Differentiate between acid and base.
Q20. What is a neutralisation reaction? Explain it with the help of an example.
Download the PDF to access answers to the Chemistry Worksheet for Class 7 Chemistry Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts Set 1 Download PDF
- Acids, Bases, and Salts
- General Properties of Acids and Bases
- Acids and Bases Questions
Recommended Videos Acids, Bases and Salt Class 7 Science – Introduction (Definition & Use)
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Certain pairs of molecules are related through their acid and base properties. These pairs are described as a conjugate acid-base pair. They differ by a single proton. A base has one less proton than its conjugate acid. An acid has one more proton than its conjugate base. Acid# Base# H 2CO 3& HCO 3− & HCO 3 − & CO 3 2& H 3O +& H 2O& H 2S ...
The dissociation of potassium hydroxide, KOH. The ionization of formic acid, HCOOH without including water as a reactant. The ionization of formic acid, HCOOH, showing the formation of the hydronium ion. 5. For each of the following bases, write the formula for its conjugate acid; for each acid write the formula of the conjugate base.
d BasesI. Identifying acid/base theories. For each molecule or ion in the table, identify whether it can act as an acid or a base and put a checkmark un. e. xCH3COOHacidxHN. acidxII. Conjugate Acids and Bases. In each reaction, identify the ac. , base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base. Then, write which acid/b.
definition and is referred to as a conjugate acid. S. every acid has its conjugate base and vice versa. Also, the stronger is an aci. HSO4 -Acid Base Conjugate Conjugate acid baseLewis concept of acids and bases: Acids are electron p. ir acceptors while bases are electron pair donors. Thus, electron deficient species like BF3 are Lewis acids ...
Buffers. A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Buffers contain similar concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Added acid is neutralized by the conjugate base present in the buffer solution. Added base is neutralized by the weak acid present in the buffer solution.
Chemistry Worksheets Class 10 on Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts with Answers - Set 1. Acids are substances that taste sour and are corrosive in nature. It turns blue litmus paper to red. These substances are chemically acidic in nature.E.g.:-orange juice, curd, vinegar, hydrochloric acid etc. Bases are substances that, in an aqueous solution ...
Assignment 15 - Acids and Bases; Acid-Base Reactions 1. Complete the sentences below to define acids and bases within the given theories. ... Name three properties of acids. 3. Name three properties of bases. 4. Write the chemical formulas for the following acids. a. acetic acid b. sulfuric acid c. hydrochloric acid
A base is a molecule that splits apart in water and releases hydroxide ions, which reduces the number of hydrogen ions. Examples of bases include soapy water, milk, bleach, and Milk of Magnesia. In the body, the pancreas contains a basic substance that helps with digestion. People use bases in household cleaning products and crop fertilizing.
Chapter 8 Acids, Bases, and pH • MHR 379 The Arrhenius theory explains acid-base reactions as a combination of H+ (aq) and OH− (aq). It provides insight into the heat of neutralization for the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base. (Strong acids and bases dissociate completely into ions in solution.) For example, consider
The most commonly used natural indicator is litmus. It is extracted from lichens (Fig. 4.1a). It has a mauve (purple) colour in distilled acidic when turns. a of paper. and. Fig. 4.1 (a) Lichens, and (b) Red and blue litmus paper. Activity 4.1. Mix some water with lemon juice in a plastic cup/tumbler/test tube.
A titration is an analytical procedure used to determine the accurate concentration of a sample by reacting it with a standard solution. One type of titration uses a neutralization reaction, in which an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water: In equation 1, the acid is HCl (hydrochloric acid) and the base is NaOH (sodium hydroxide).
buffer. is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable. This is important for processes and/or reactions which. require specific and stable pH ranges.
Acids and Bases Assignment Questions 9-10 refer to the following scenario of an acid-base titration. An unknown strong acid was measured out to 50.0 mL and was placed in a beaker. This unknown analyte was titrated with a 0.100 M NaOH solution. The data for the titration curve of mL of titrant vs pH was collected and
Define neutralization reaction with an example. List its 3 applications. Question 13. You are provided with four test tubes containing sugar solution, baking soda solution, tamarind solution, salt solution. Write down an activity to find the nature (acidic/basic/neutral) of each solution. Also Read. Notes. Acid base And Salt Class 7 Notes.
Resources. Lecture Slides (PDF - 2.2MB) Lecture Summary. This lecture introduces the chemical models and behaviors of acids and bases. Starting from the historical origins ("acid" derives from the Latin acidus, meaning "sour"), Prof. Sadoway discusses the evolving acid-base models of Lavoisier (1776), Arrhenius (1887), Brønsted and Lowry (1923), and Lewis (1923-1938).
Chemistry Worksheets Class 7 on Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts with Answers - Set 1. Substances that we use daily can be classified as acids, bases, and neutral substances. For example, lemon juice is acidic, and baking soda solution is basic and common salt is neutral. Lemon juice is acidic since lemon contains citric acid.