presentation on human health

Introduction to

Health and Wellness

Learning Targets

As a result of today’s class, you should know:

• The 6 Dimensions of Wellness and how they are interrelated
• How to explain how the decisions you make affect where you fall on th e Health Continuum

Wellness: The New Health Goal

• Health is the combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being.
• Is subject to constant change (i.e. you get sick, an athletic injury, etc.)
• Falls along a continuum (from premature death to high levels of health)
• Wellness refers to an overall state of well- being, total health
• Health differs based on factors beyond your control, such as genes, age, environm ent, media, and family history
• Wellness is determined by the decisions you make about the way you live
• These two words can be used interchangeably and will be throughout this course
• Wellness = an overall state of well-being, total health
• Dimensions of wellness
• Physical wellness
• Avoiding bad habits, making good decisions
• Emotional wellness
• Trust, self-esteem, self-control
• Intellectual wellness
• Openness to new ideas, thinking critically, creativity
• Spiritual wellness
• Set guiding beliefs, principles
• Interpersonal and social wellness
• Healthy relationships, communication
• Environmental, or planetary, wellness
• Tobacco smoke, UV rays

Wellness Continuum

Health/Wellness Continuum

• Your health is always changing
• The Health continuum identifies your level of health at a given moment in time
• The dimensions of wellness all impact your overall health
• The dimensions are not exclusive; when one is affected, most often, others are too.
• Every decision you make affects where you fall on the health continuum
• Man vs. Wild Clip
• Think about the dimensions of wellness present in this clip. Which dimensions are present and how do they affect Bear Grylls in this clip? Consider the context of the situation and the interrelatedness of the dimensions of wellness.

New Opportunities, �New Responsibilities

• Infectious diseases, caused by invading microorganisms, were the leading causes of death a century ago
• Chronic diseases, caused by a variety of lifestyle and other factors, are the leading causes of death today

Public Health Achievements

Leading Causes of Death Overall

• Heart disease
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis)
• Unintentional injuries (accidents)

Leading Causes of Death by Age

• Ages 1 0-19
• 1) Accidents
• 3) Homicide
• 5) Congenital Defects
• 1) Heart Disease
• 3) Diseases
• Define health.
• What are 3 factors that impact your health?
• What is the most important factor that impacts your health?
• What are the 6 dimensions of wellness?
• E xplain the Health Continuum.
• Is the average lifespan of a human increasing or decreasing? Why?
• As a result of this class, students should be able to:
• Identify the 8 behaviors that contribute to wellness
• Define risk behavior and be able to identify examples
• Set short and long-term goals that aim at improving health
• Identify reliable sources of information

Actual Causes of Death in the United States

• Smoking 435,000 deaths per year
• Diet and inactivity** 112,000
• Alcohol 85,000
• Microbial agents 75,000
• Toxic agents 55,000
• Motor vehicles 43,000
• Firearms 29,000
• Sexual behavior 20,000
• Illicit drug use 17,000

**Caclulation of the number of deaths due to poor diet and inactivity (obesity) is an area of ongoing controversy and research.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Frequently Asked Questions About Calculating Obesity-Related Risk (http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r050614.htm; retrieved June 28, 2005). Mokdad, A. H., et al. 2004. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(10): 1238–1245.

Behaviors That Contribute to Wellness

Partaking in these 8 behaviors will make you a healthier person:

• Be physically active
• Choose a healthy diet
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Manage stress effectively
• Avoid tobacco and drug use and limit alcohol consumption
• Protect yourself from disease and injury
• Get 8-10 hours of sleep a night
• Abstain from sexual activity before marriage

Lifestyle and Wellness

• More time watching TV = increased risk of obesity and diabetes
• Cigarette smoking = increased risk of lung cancer
• Low intake of fruits and vegetables = increased risk of heart disease
• Few healthy behaviors = increased risk of heart disease

Benefits of Physical Activity

The Role of Other Factors in Wellness

• Heredity – inherent genetic traits
• Risk for certain diseases
• Environment – the sum of your surroundings
• Physical, Social (Peers), Cultural
• Health care
• Better health care, better treatment
• Avoid bad habits

National Wellness Goals

• U.S. government’s national Healthy People initiative sets goals on 10-year agendas
• Major goals of Healthy People 20 2 0 :
• Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
• Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
• Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
• Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

Making Choices

• Risk behaviors – actions that can potentially threaten your health or the health of others

The CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey gathers information from youth across the country on behaviors they are involved in. Take a look at the most recent YRBS in 2011.

• What are the 8 behaviors of healthy people.
• Discuss how technology plays a role in your health.
• What is a risk behavior? Give 2 examples.
• Define the acronym SMART
• Explain the key components of assertive communication skills.
• As a result of today’s class, you should be able to:
• Create short and long term goals to make changes to your health
• Evaluate the validity of electronic sources

7 Health Skills

• Accessing information
• Analyzing influences
• Goal setting
• Decision making
• Interpersonal communication
• Self management

Accessing Information

• Reliable sources include :
• Parents, teachers, trusted adults
• Library resources such as encyclopedias and nonfiction books
• RELIABLE websites such as government sites or university sites (.gov, .edu)
• .com websites are NOT considered reliable sources
• Articles by health experts

Evaluating Sources of Health Information: Internet Resources

• What is the source of the information?
• Who is the author or sponsor of the site?
• How often is the site updated?
• What is the purpose of the page? Does the site promote particular products or procedures? Are there obvious reasons for bias?
• What do other sources say about the topic?
• Does the site conform to any set of guidelines or criteria for quality and accuracy?

Evaluating Sources of �Health Information

• Go to the original source
• Watch for misleading language
• Distinguish between individual research reports and public health advice
• Remember that anecdotes are not facts
• Be skeptical and use your common sense

Analyzing Influences

• Internal pressures
• Feelings, beliefs
• External pressures
• People, environment

Goal Setting

• Start with short-term goals which are reached in a short period of time and are very specific
• Create short-term goals with a long-term goal in mind – one that is a big change over a long period of time. Long-term goals are the final, desired outcome
• Short-term goals are steps leading to the long-term goal

See Assignment ‘Source Evaluation’

• http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/creatine.html
• http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/creatine-000297.htm

1. Describe 3 aspects of effective listening skills.

2. What are 3 ways you can demonstrate refusal skills in a situation that you are not comfortable with?

3. What are ‘I-messages?’

4. Describe 3 aspects of healthy relationships.

You are interviewing for a part-time job working with patients at the local hospital.

• How will you dress?
• What type of legwork will you do before the interview?
• What skills and behaviors would be necessary to be successful at the job?
• How will you continue to improve at your job once you have earned the position?
• You have been asked to do research on the internet to find reliable information about tobacco use among teens. Websites with which endings would be considered reliable sources?
• You are dealing with a classmate who is clearly disagrees with your choice for next president of the US. What are 2 things you could say to your classmate using assertive communication skills?
• You have come across a website on nutrition and are wondering if the information on the site is reliable. What are 3 questions you can ask to help determine the sites reliability?
• There is a flu epidemic at Saline High School. What are 3 things you can do to prevent the further spread of disease?
• How much sleep is required for teens to function best throughout the day?
• What are 3 things you can do to help better manage your time?
• What are 3 different things that impact your health on a daily basis?

• _PDF Printed Notes
• _PPT Slides
• _PPT Slides in PDF format
• _Intext Questions & Answers
• _Exercise and Answers
• _MCQs and Answers
• _Online Test Series
• _Activity Solutions
• _PDF Printed notes
• _Capsule Notes
• _Class 10 PPT
• _Class 11 PPT
• _Class 12 PPT
• _Exam Capsule PPT
• Online Tests
• _Chemistry Notes
• _Animal Facts
• _Body Facts
• _Comparison between
• _What and Why

Human Health and Diseases - PowerPoint presentation for class 12/Plus 2/CBSE

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The Environment and Human Health

An introduction to environmental health science, a field of study that investigates how the environment and environmental disasters influence human health and diseases.

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Grant Number: R25ES010698-07S1

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The Environment and Human Health

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Presentation on theme: "The Environment and Human Health"— Presentation transcript:

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

How to Use This Presentation

Section 1 Pollution and Human Health

Environmental Health What is the relationship between the health of the planet and our own health?

Paracelsus “The dose makes the poison ”. MSDS Environmental Hazards and Human Health Chapter 17.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 13e CHAPTER 14: Environmental Hazards and Human Health.

Environmental Effects on Health Pollution causes illnesses directly and indirectly. Pollution may cause illness by poisoning us directly, as in the cases.

HUMAN HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

Pollution and Human Health

APES Get out Ecological Footprint Assignment. Chapter 17 Environmental Hazards & Human Health.

Environmental Hazards and Human Health By Brittney Jones

Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health

1 Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology Hong Kong residents concerned about SARS Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.

Chapter 17 Human Health and Environmental Risks. What is Risk? Risk: possibility of suffering harm from a hazard.

What risks do these pollutants pose to us? To determine this we need to understand the following.

Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Brainstorm all the possible pollutants that might affect human health

Biological Hazards Epidemiology – the study of factors affecting the health and illness of a population Dose Response Curve – not caused by living organisms.

Biological Hazards. The Environment’s Role in Disease 1. Human health problems are caused by organisms that carry disease. 2. Infectious diseases are.

Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) combines premature deaths and loss of healthy life resulting from illness or disability. (1.4 billion a year) 90%

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Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

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What is the Health Topics A-Z Index? The Health Topics A-Z Index is a navigational and informational tool that makes the CDC.gov website easier to use. It helps you quickly find and retrieve specific information. Synonyms, acronyms, and cross-references provide multiple ways for you to access the topics and features on CDC.gov. The index includes common and scientific terms to meet the needs of consumers as well as health professionals.

What items are included? The Health Topics A-Z Index lists topics with relevance to a broad cross-section of CDC.gov’s audiences. The items are representative of popular topics, frequent inquiries, or have critical importance to CDC’s public health mission. The index will continue to evolve as additional topics are added.

Human Health and Nutrition

Jul 22, 2014

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Human Health and Nutrition. Nutrients. Nutrients- a chemical substance found in foods and used in the human body. Essential nutrients- must obtain from food, body cannot make them. Essential amino acids (9) Essential fatty acids Minerals Most vitamins W ater. Protein Deficiency.

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• essential amino acids
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Presentation Transcript

Nutrients • Nutrients- a chemical substance found in foods and used in the human body. • Essential nutrients- must obtain from food, body cannot make them. • Essential amino acids (9) • Essential fatty acids • Minerals • Most vitamins • Water

Protein Deficiency • Leads to insufficient production of blood plasma proteins • Retention of fluids in small intestine

Kwashiorkor • Results from malnutrition • Not enough protein • Mother has second child and feeds him first, older child is left with not enough milk. • Cure: Eat more protein!

Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Do not have the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine • Buildup will affect brain development • Follow a special diet low in protein and phenylalanine

Fatty Acids • Carboxyl at one end • Methyl at the other end • Chain of hydrocarbons in between

Fatty Acids • Saturated- the carbons are saturated with hydrogens (no double bonds) • Monounsaturated- One double bond (one kink) • Polyunsaturated- at least 2 double bonds (twists)

Hydrogenation • Hydrogenated- double bonds are eliminated by adding hydrogen • Straightens out the chain • Cis fatty acids- Naturally curved • Trans fatty acids- hydrogenated straightened ones • Omega-3 (cis)- the first double bond is found on the 3rd carbon counting backwards from the carboxyl (omega) end.

Good or Bad? • Straight fats are bad- they will be more likely to stick to the walls of the arteries • Curved fats are good- they will be more likely to be swept up by the blood • Saturated/trans contribute to plaque buildup. • Heart=heart attack • Brain=stroke

Vitamins and Minerals • Minerals- • Inorganic • Do not contain carbon • Not synthesized by living organisms • Vitamins • Organic • Always contain carbon • Synthesized in plants and animals

Vitamins and Minerals • Minerals- Na+, Ca++, Fe++ (Single elements in ion form) • Vitamins- A (C20H30O) C (C6H8O6) (compounds) • Both needed in very small quantities, both prevent deficiency diseases.

Vitamin C (30-60mg) • Too little= scurvy • Retention of fluid • Loss of teeth • Bleeding into joints • Anemia • Lethargy • Too much= rebound malnutrition • Body gets used to getting rid of extra and keeps that level high no matter how much you take in. • Comment: Used animal studies and human studies (conscientious objectors in WWII) to determine accurate level

Vitamin D • Too little= rickets • Bones don’t form properly • How to get vitamin D • Sun (15 minutes, twice a week) • Foods rich in D • Fish, eggs, liver, milk is fortified with it • Vitamin supplements

Artificial supplements • Iodine- people that eat enough seafood are fine. (There wasn’t enough in certain places) • Insufficient iodine • leads to goiters • Swelling of the thyroid gland • Babies can get cretinism: stunted growth and mental problems. • Our solution?

Artificial supplements • Iodized salt! • 1924- 40% of people around Great Lakes had goiters • Now- practically nonexistent

Fiber (fibre in IB) • Cellulose material in plants • Helps human digestion by providing bulk • Can reduce risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease • Help manage body mass • Eat 5-8 servings of fruit and vegetables a day

Energy in diets Carbohydrates= 1760 kJ/100g Protein= 1720 kJ/100g Lipids= 4000 kJ/100g Comments: Main energy storing bonds are between carbons and hydrogens Lipids have more C-H bonds than the others.

Different energy for different ethnicities Rice= China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Thailand Wheat= Russia, Australia, Canada, Iran Cassava (yuca)= Caribbean Maize (Corn)= Mexico Fish and Meat= Coastal areas, Islands, Inuit populations, USA

Everything in Moderation Excess Carbs= Excess sugars will be stored as glycogen or fat

Everything in Moderation • Excess Fat= will be stored but since it contains so much more energy, more will be stored sooner than carbs

Everything in Moderation • Excess protein= (>50g) Can’t store excess, liver and kidneys eliminate it= overworking your kidneys and liver • In the process, kidneys use calcium, they will steal from bones to get enough.

Appetite control • A combination of feedback loops from nervous system, digestive system, and endocrine system. • Hypothalamus: appetite control center. • Stomach fills with food and expands, stimulating a nerve that signals the hypothalamus to stop eating.

Appetite control • Leptin: a hormone secreted by fat cells that tells the brain that you have enough energy stored. • Advertising and compulsive eating can override this.

Body Mass Index BMI= (mass in kg)/ (height in m)2 Should be in high teens to mid 20s. Underweight= below 18.5 Normal weight=18.5-24.9 Overweight= 25.0-29.9 Obese= 30.0 and above

BMI problem • Does not say how mass is distributed • Muscles • Heavy bones

Why are so many people obese? Change in type and quantities of food Change in amount of physical activity Availability of food has increased Need for physical activity has decreased

What can you do? • Eat more fruits and vegetable and less overall • Take the stairs instead of the lift • Increase physical activity

Anorexia nervosa • Intense fear of gaining weight • Refuse food • Regurgitate food • Exercise excessively

Consequences of Anorexia • Endocrine system malfunctions • No menstrual cycle • Loss of head hair • Dehydration • Fainting • Anemia • Low blood pressure • Kidney failure • Increased infection and illness • Osteoporosis • Psychiatric issues • Cannot get pregnant • Higher chance of miscarriage • Starve to death • 6-20% of cases

Treatment • Need a Healthy self image (influenced by): • Cultural pressures • Traumatic experiences • Physiological causes from genetics or brain chemistry

Breast milk vs. formula Breast milk • Enzymes amylase and lipase • White blood cells • Antibodies • Hormones • More Lactose for more energy • More cholesterol

Against Breast feeding Breast milk vs. formula For Breast feeding • Milk is species specific • High % of whey and low casein proteins (easier digestion) • Proteins induce sleep • Nutrients are more easily absorbed • No allergies • Bonding • Helps mother lose baby weight • Better immune system • Less expensive • Can be painful to mother • Pathogens can be spread (HIV and other viruses) • Not accepted by some cultures in public • Hard to maintain a career • Father feels left out 

Type II diabetes • Body develops an insensitivity to insulin over many years • Obese • Genetic factors • Native Australians • Native Americans • Maoris • Leads to high blood pressure, eye damage, kidney malfunctions, nerve disease, stroke, and heart attack.

Type II diabetes • AKA: Adult onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes • Symptoms- • More thirsty than normal • Urinating more often • Feeling tired • More infections

No Vegetarianism? (From IB) Yes • Killing sentient beings is wrong • Raising animals for slaughter is wrong • Livestock production is wasteful and misuses valuable resources • Cruel treatment of livestock • Fishing pollutes oceans and disrupts ecosystems • Cows, sheep, pigs, chickens would not exist • Thousands of jobs would be lost • Meat and fish can be grown in free-range style • Certain nutrients are not available in vegetarian diet

Food Miles How far the food has traveled to get to the market Farmers sell their food to supermarket distributors to process and ship, sometimes back to where it started The further the distance, the more fossil fuels used

Food miles Have access to a wide variety and can support international farmers (coffee, etc.) What you can do: Make informed decisions Shop at farmer’s market, benefits local farmers immediately Best Choice, Always Save brands are packaged in local areas

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