nursing as a profession essay ppt

Nursing as a Profession

Nursing as a Profession Introduction to Nursing Profession (NURS 210) Nursing as a Profession

Learning Outcomes Differentiate among the meanings of Profession, Professionalism and Professionalization. Discuss the criteria of a profession of nursing. Compare between discipline and profession in nursing. Discuss Benner's levels of nursing expertise as a model of socialization in nursing. Describe factors influencing contemporary nursing practice. Explain the functions of national and international nurses' associations.

Professionali-zation Did you read about ! Profession Professionalism Professionali-zation

Profession An occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation.

Generally distinguished from other kinds of occupations by: its requirement of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge pertinent to the role to be performed; An orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an organization; Ongoing research; A code of ethics; Autonomy; and A professional organization.

Professionalism A professional character, spirit, or methods. It is a set of attributes, a way of life that implies responsibility and commitment. Nursing professionalism owes much to the influence of Florence Nightingale.

Professionalization The process of becoming professional, that is, of acquiring characteristics considered to be professional.

Criteria of a Profession What are the different criteria of a profession

Criteria of a Profession Specialized education the trend in education for the professions has shifted toward programs in colleges and universities. The undergraduate nursing curriculum should include liberal arts education in addition to the biologic and social sciences and the nursing discipline. Hospital diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree, master's degree, and doctoral degree

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Body of Knowledge As a profession, nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise. Conceptual frameworks contribute to the knowledge base of nursing and give direction to nursing practice, education, and ongoing research.

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Service Orientation It differentiates nursing from an occupation pursued primarily for profit. Many consider altruism (selfless concern for others) the hallmark of a profession. Nursing is serving others. This service must be guided by certain rules, policies, or codes of ethics. Today, nursing is an important component of the health care delivery system.

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Ongoing Research: In the 1940s, nursing research in early stage of development. In the 1950s, increased funding and professional support, centers for nursing research established, directed at the study of nursing education. In the 1960s, studies related to the nature of the knowledge base underlying nursing practice. Since the 1970s, nursing research focused on practice-related issues.

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Code of Ethics: Nurses are expected to do what is considered right regardless of the personal cost. Nursing has developed its own codes of ethics, to be as means to monitor the professional behavior of its members.

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Autonomy Self-regulating Setting standards for members Independence at work, responsibility, accountability for one's actions

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Professional organization Governance: the establishment and maintenance of social, political, and economic arrangements by which practitioners control their practice, their self-discipline, their working conditions, and their professional affairs.

Criteria of a Profession (Cont.) Professional organization (Cont.) The ANA is a professional organization that advances the nursing profession by: Fostering high standards of nursing practice, Promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, Projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, and Raise awareness on health care issues affecting nurses and the public.

Discipline Vs Profession What is the difference between discipline and profession

Discipline Vs Profession Discipline is specific to academia and a branch of education, a department of learning or field of knowledge. Profession refers to specialized field of practice, which is founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and the accompanying practice abilities.

Socialization to Nursing The process by which people Learn to become members of groups and society and, Learn the social rules defining relationships into which they will enter.

Socialization to Nursing Socialization Involves: learning to behave, feel, and see the world in a manner similar to other persons occupying the same role as oneself. The goal of professional socialization is to instill in individuals the norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors deemed essential for survival of the profession.

Benner's Stages of Nursing Expertise Various models of the socialization process have been developed. Benner’s model (2001) describes five levels of proficiency in nursing. Stage I: Novice Stage II: Advanced beginner Stage III: Competent Stage IV: Proficient Stage V: Expert

Benner's Stages of Nursing Expertise (Cont.) STAGE I: NOVICE No experience (e.g., nursing student). Performance is limited, in- flexible, and governed by context-free rules and regulations rather than experience. STAGE II: ADVANCED BEGINNER Demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. Recognizes the meaningful “aspects” of a real situation. Has experienced enough real situations to make judgments about them. STAGE III: COMPETENT Has 2 or 3 years of experience. Demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Differentiates important factors from less important aspects of care. Coordinates multiple complex care demands.

Benner's Stages of Nursing Expertise (Cont.) STAGE IV: PROFICIENT Has 3 to 5 years of experience. Perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of parts, as in Stage II. Uses maxims as guides for what to consider in a situation. Has holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision making. Focuses on long-term goals. STAGE V: EXPERT Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient; no longer requires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. Demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations. Is motivated to take a certain action because “it felt right.”

Factors Influencing Nursing Practice Requires an understanding of some of the social forces currently influencing nursing profession. These forces usually affect the entire health care system Health Care Reform Information, Telehealth, and Telenursing Quality and Safety in Health Care Legislation Consumer Demands Demography Family Structure The Current Nursing Shortage Science and technology Collective Bargaining

1. Health Care Reform Transformation in health care delivery and financing systems accelerated in 2014. Health care delivery’s focus has shifted from acute care to primary preventive care and treatment of chronic conditions using health care teams and information technology. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health IOM report: Recommendations on how nursing could provide better client care in new systems: Nurses practicing to the fullest extent of their skills and knowledge; Nurses achieving higher levels of education; Nurses being full partners with physicians and other health care professionals; and Improving data collection and an information infrastructure (IOM, 2010).

2. Quality and Safety in Health Care Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) called for redesign of the education IOM six competencies Patient-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Evidence-based practice Quality improvement Safety Informatics

3. Consumer Demands Consumers more aware of others' needs for care (especially, Minority groups, poor) Changing public concepts of health Right of all people, not a privilege for the rich. Consumers now are active participants in making decisions about health and nursing care

All these types of families need specialized nursing services. 4. Family Structure Need for and provision of nursing services in context of new structures Single parents rearing children Young families living far from own parents All these types of families need specialized nursing services.

5. Science and technology Actions of new drug therapies, genetic technology Some nurses required to be highly specialized. As technologies change, nursing education changes, and nurses require increasing education to provide effective, safe nursing practice. Technology adapted into health care aids health care aids as the insulin infusion pump, the voice-controlled wheelchair, magnetic resonance imaging, laser surgery, intravenous fluid control devices, and monitoring systems for ICUs.

6. Information, Telehealth, and Telenursing Internet's influence on health care Telehealth Medical information exchanged via electronic communications to improve patient's health status Telenursing Provide nursing practice at a distance No location boundaries !

7. Legislation Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) Each patient's rights to accept or refuse medical care, use advance directives Wide variation in regulation of nurse practitioner (NPs) practice NPs cannot easily move from country to country without license exam!

8. Demography Study of population Statistics about distribution by age, place of residence, mortality, morbidity Total population in Saudi Arabia increasing Population shifting from rural to urban Many risk factors for death can be prevented (Maternal mortality !).

9. The Current Nursing Shortage Projected to intensify as baby boomers age Shortage will be of peak By 2022 Depends on location, setting New graduates not being interviewed at hospitals for their reputation of high turnover rate!

10. Collective Bargaining ANA participates on behalf of nurses through economic, welfare programs Economic concerns Issues about safe care for clients, and themselves

Nursing Associations Voluntary accreditation Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) American Nurses Association—Political Action Committee Organization to lobby for legislation affecting health care

Nursing Organizations American Nurses Association National professional organization for nursing in the U.S. founded 1896 Official journal American Nurse Today Official newspaper The American Nurse National League for Nursing Formed 1952 Individuals and agencies Continuing education services

Nursing Organizations International Council of Nurses Established 1899 National organizations working together for mission of representing nursing worldwide National Student Nurses Association Formed in 1953 Student must be in state-approved nursing education program to qualify

Nursing Organizations International Honor Society: Sigma Theta Tau Founded 1922 Professional rather than social Potential members hold bachelor's degree minimum, demonstrate achievement in nursing

Saudi Nursing Society Objectives: Develop a scientific thought in the field of nursing and work towards improving it. Achieve a scientific communication between the committee members of Saudi Nursing Society. Provide scientific counsels in the field of nursing. Improve the scientific and professional performance of the Saudi Nursing Society Members. Facilitate the exchange of scientific production and ideas in the field of Saudi Nursing Society interests between the relevant commissions and institutions within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and abroad.

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Nursing as a Profession

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Nursing as a Profession Essay

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The appeal of nursing, nursing challenges.

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Nursing as a Profession

Clara barton, dorthea dix, harriet tubman were all instrumental during civil war. hospital nursing ... lillian wald and mary brewster started community ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Nursing history
• Is it important?
• Founder of modern nursing
• Established first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration
• First practicing nurse epidemiologist
• First nurse researcher
• Time of nursing growth--
• Clara Barton, Dorthea Dix, Harriet Tubman were all instrumental during Civil War
• Hospital nursing expanded in late 1800s
• Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster started community health nursing at the Henry Street Settlement in 1893.
• Nursing evolved toward a scientific, research-based defined body of nursing knowledge and practice.
• Affiliation of nursing education with universities
• Expanded and Advanced Practice roles
• Nursing specializations evolved
• Specialty nurse organizations were formed
• Continued evolution is necessary
• Nursings Code of Ethics was revised in 2001 to reflect current ethical issues
• IS nursing a profession?
• Why or why not?
• What are the types of educational preparation?
• Baccalaureate
• Requires an extended education as well as a basic liberal foundation
• Has a theoretical body of knowledge
• Provides a specific service
• Members have autonomy in decision making and practice
• The profession/professional has a code of ethics for practice
• Accreditation ?
• Licensure ?
• Certification ?
• ANA definition of nursing
• Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (ANA, 2003).
• Objective guidelines for nurses to provide care
• Criteria for evaluating care
• Important in legal disputes
• Describe a competent level of nursing care
• Demonstrated through the nursing process
• Outline nursing responsibility for
• Health promotion
• Planning for continuity of care
• Regulates the licensing and practice of nursing in all states
• Each state has its own NPA
• Where do nurses Practice?
• Autonomy and accountability
• Communicator
• Career development
• Generally most autonomous
• Practice in a variety of settings
• What are they?
• Why are they necessary?
• Continued growth and evolution
• Growing variety of employment settings
• Greater use of alternative therapies
• Rise in Chronic Illnesses
• Patients are sicker when they enter the hospital
• Patients are discharged sooner and still have many health care needs
• Involvement in health care reform through political activism

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Choosing Nursing as a Profession

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Qualifications and education, responsibilities and scope of practice, the impact of nursing.

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What is nursing professionalism? a concept analysis

1 Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi People’s Republic of China

2 Linfen Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University (Linfen People’s Hospital), Linfen, 041000 Shanxi People’s Republic of China

3 The Third Peoples Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi People’s Republic of China

Yangjie Chen

4 The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi People’s Republic of China

Qiaohong Wang

Associated data.

Data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Nursing professionalism plays an important role in clinical nursing. However, a clear conceptual understanding of nursing professionalism is lacking.

Walker and Avant’s strategy was used to analyse the concept of nursing professionalism. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, for studies published from 1965 to 2021. Quantitative or qualitative studies published in English that focused on nursing professionalism were included in the study.

The three attributes of nursing professionalism are multidimensional, dynamic, and culture oriented. Based on the analysis, nursing professionalism is defined as providing individuals care based on the principles of professionalism, caring, and altruism.

Conclusions

This study offers a theoretical definition and conceptual model of nursing professionalism that may be applied to develop standardized assessment tools or nursing professionalism training programs.

Introduction

The COVID-19 outbreak has exposed deficiencies in the underinvestment of the global health system, including the shortage in nursing resources and nursing staff, and a similar situation is noted in China ( https://www.icn.ch/news/investing-nursing-and-respecting-nurses-rights-key-themes-international-nurses-day-2022 ). An unbalanced number of nurses and patients, high work pressure, lack of social occupational identity and other reasons have led to job burnout, low job satisfaction, and even the resignation of many nurses. Research has also shown that the lack of nursing professionalism adversely affects patient care and patient outcomes [ 1 ]. Ohman [ 2 ] pointed out that lower levels of professionalism may cause negative outcomes, such as turnover and attrition and lower productivity.

In recent years, researchers have tried to solve the above problems through professionalism.

However, nursing professionalism plays a more important role in clinical nursing. Some studies have shown that professionalism can improve the professional knowledge and skills of nurses and ameliorate reductions in institutional productivity and quality [ 3 ]. Higher levels of professionalism can improve nurses’ autonomy and empowerment, increase their recognition and facilitate organizational citizenship behaviours, establish nursing care standards and even improve quality services [ 4 , 5 ].

Nursing professionalism has been discussed for several decades. Hall (1968) developed the Professionalism Inventory Scale [ 6 ]. Miller et al [ 7 ] (1993) first specified the 9 standards criteria of nursing professionalism (educational background; adherence to the code of ethics; participation in the professional organization; continuing education and competency; communication and publication; autonomy and self-regulation; community service; theory use, development, and evaluation; and research involvement.). Yeun et al. (2005) summarized five themes regarding nurses’ perceptions of nursing professionalism: self-concept of the profession, social awareness, professionalism of nursing, the roles of nursing services, and originality of nursing [ 8 ]. Yoder defined nursing professionalism based on six components: acting in the patients’ interests; showing humanism; practising social responsibility; demonstrating sensitivity to people’s cultures and beliefs; having high standards of competence and knowledge; and demonstrating high ethical standards [ 9 ]. Although some researchers have explored the concept of professionalism. How can professionalism be evaluated in nursing clinical practice? Few studies have shown a clear conceptualization of nurses’ professionalism [ 10 , 11 ]. To nurture nursing professionalism, the concept of professionalism must be clarified.

Given that the meaning of professionalism varies across time, contexts, or cultures, it is difficult to define, quantify or measure professionalism [ 12 , 13 ]. The operational definition of nursing professionalism in studies has shortcomings. Sullivan et al. [ 14 ] found professionalism to be a multidimensional concept, but some papers have addressed only one dimension, such as values [ 15 ] or behaviours [ 16 ]. Moreover, professionalism is considered a complex concept. The links and dynamic processes between these different inner characteristics have not been included in the concept. Thus, a comprehensive definition of nursing professionalism, including its characteristics and the relations between them, is necessary.

Recognizing and understanding the concept of nursing professionalism may be an essential step towards providing quality care for people. It may also provide more information for further developing nursing professionalism for nurses.

Method of concept analysis

Walker and Avant’s method used linguistic philosophy techniques to contribute to the philosophical understanding of a concept [ 17 ]. The W & A method is considered a mark of the positivist paradigm, which views the concept as a stable factor that can be reduced or extracted from its context of application [ 18 ]. This study used Walker and Avant’s method, which assumes that nursing professionalism is a relatively mature and stable concept (numerous studies on nursing professionalism have been published to date). This approach to conceptual analysis, although not perfect, is helpful in clarifying the concept of nursing professionalism.

Using the structured method of Walker and Avant enables conceptual clarity to be obtained based on an inductive identification of the concept’s attributes, antecedents and consequences. The concept analysis helps to clarify meanings and develop operational definitions, considering evidence from a wide range of information resources for further research or clinical practice [ 17 , 19 ]. These features make this method particularly useful for the analysis of the concept of ‘nursing professionalism’. The conceptual attributes as well as antecedents and consequences are based on the research team's analysis of the literature using Walker and Avant’s strategy and are not the product of a priori theoretical categories.

Walker and Avant’s [ 17 ] eight-step method includes the following: 1) selecting a concept; 2) determining the aims or purposes of analysis; 3) identifying all uses of the concept; 4) determining the defining attributes of the concept; 5) constructing a model case; 6) constructing borderline, contrary, invented, and illegitimate cases; 7) identifying antecedents and consequences; and 8) defining empirical references.

Selection criteria

The inclusion criteria were as follows: related to the concept of nursing professionalism; included nurse professionalism, nursing spirit, or nurse spirit; written in the English language; qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods or systematic reviews; published between 1965 and 2021 (when professionalism was first introduced by nursing in 1965); and published in books or dictionaries. We excluded articles published in nonpeer reviewed journals, editorials and letters to the editor.

Data sources

We searched several online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, for articles published from 1965 to 2021. We searched the words that appear in the title, abstract, and keyword section of the studies.

(((((((((Nursing professionalism[Title]) OR (Nursing professionalism[Title/Abstract])) OR (Nurse professionalism[Title])) OR (Nurse professionalism[Title/Abstract])) OR (Nursing spirit[Title])) OR (Nursing spirit[Title/Abstract])) OR (Nurse spirit[Title])) OR (Nurse spirit[Title/Abstract])).

TI Nursing professionalism OR AB Nursing professionalism OR TI Nurse professionalism OR AB Nurse professionalism OR TI Nursing spirit OR AB Nursing spirit OR TI Nurse spirit OR AB Nurse spirit.

TITLE-ABS-KEY (Nursing professionalism) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (Nurse professionalism) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (Nursing spirit) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (Nurse spirit).

Any quantitative or qualitative studies published in English focusing on nursing professionalism were included in the study. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts to determine the selection criteria for electronic retrieval and application. The study was included only when both researchers agreed that the study met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. If the two researchers’ judgements were different, a third person was consulted to resolve the issue. Researchers identified the different usages of the concept and systematically recorded the characteristics of the concept that appeared repeatedly [ 17 ].

We used definitions and examples in the systematic record (Table ​ (Table2) 2 ) to define a cluster of antecedents, attributes and consequences (Figs. ​ (Figs.1 1 and  2 ) frequently associated with the concept [ 20 ].

Flowchart of the study selection process of the concept analysis

The connotations of nursing professionalism

Antecedents, attributes, and consequences of nursing professionalism

We identified 6013 studies on nursing professionalism. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant studies, studies that were not original scientific studies or articles, and studies published in languages other than English, 138 studies were selected for analysis. Tables 1 and ​ and2 2 show some typical literatures used in this study.

The attributes of the nursing professionalism

Uses of the concept

Dictionary definitions of the concept.

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines professionalism as ‘the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a professional person’ [ 48 ], whereas the Cambridge Dictionary [ 49 ] defines professionalism as ‘the combination of all the qualities that are connected with trained and skilled people’. These definitions are generic and difficult to use to clarify the factors involved in nursing professionalism.

Definitions of the concept reported in the literature

Hwang et al. [ 50 ] defined professionalism as commitment to a profession and professional identity level. Health-care workers demonstrate professionalism through attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours, which reflect approaches to the regulations, principles, and standards underlying successful clinical practices [ 33 ]. Nursing professionalism reflects the value orientation, concepts of nursing, work attitude and standards of clinical nurses [ 51 ].

Subconcepts

The Nightingale Spirit, named in honour of the founder of professional nursing, refers to the spirit of altruism, caring, and honesty [ 52 ]. In the past, the Nightingale Spirit advocated that nurses are willing to dedicate themselves, but the term currently encompasses more innovation [ 53 ]. E-professionalism is defined as evidence provided by digital means, attitudes and behaviours reflects the traditional models of professionalism [ 54 ]. Nurses use the internet to communicate about work or daily life, blurring the boundaries between individuals and professions; thus, e-professionalism applies to nurses [ 55 ].

The defining attributes of nursing professionalism

The defining attributes of the concept aim to understand its meaning and differentiate it from other related concepts [ 17 ]. The key defining attributes are as follows.

Nursing professionalism is multidimensional

Nursing professionalism is a three-dimensional concept based on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours that underlie successful clinical practice [ 33 ].

Professionalism can be conceptualized as a ‘systematic body of knowledge’ with complex configurations of work expertise [ 21 ].

Professionalism refers to the attitude that represents levels of recognition and commitment to a particular profession [ 22 ]. Hall [ 6 ] noted that nurses’ attitudes have a high correspondence with the behaviours of the respondent. Measuring professionalism at the cognitive level can be thought of as measuring potential professionalism at the behavioural level. Researchers noted that given the reduced restrictions of environmental constraints, measuring professionalism at the cognitive level may be more precise than measuring it at the behavioural level [ 23 ].

Nursing professionalism is often described as a set of professional behaviours [ 11 ]. Some researchers judge whether nurses exhibit professionalism through their behaviours. Miller [ 24 ] (1988) developed the Wheel of Professionalism in Nursing Model. The model is considered a framework for understanding professional behaviours among nurses. Kramer [ 56 ] (1975) quantified professionalism by assessing the number of professional books purchased, subscriptions to journals, and the number of articles published.

In addition, the perspective of professional identity formation complements the behaviour-based and attitude-based perspectives on professionalism [ 57 ].

The formation and development of professionalism are dynamic processes

Nursing professionalism is an inevitable, complex, varied, and dynamic process [ 58 ].The professionalism concept is considered ever-changing, replacing static or definitive views [ 59 ].

Socialization process

Nursing professionalism is instilled through a process of socialization in formal nursing education [ 25 ]. Nurses’ socialization process begins with formal, entry-level education to acquire knowledge and skills.

Yeun et al. [ 8 ] (2005) discussed the developmental process of nursing professionalism in which the individual’s thoughts and beliefs are formed by socialization factors through perception. These thoughts and beliefs may in turn influence the individual’s professional image or self-concept, thereby influencing nurses’ actions and performance.

Process of interaction

The dynamic of professionalism is also reflected in the process of interaction. Dehghani et al. [ 26 ]noted that nursing professionalism means the appropriate interaction of the individual and the workplace and the maintenance of interpersonal communication.

Culture oriented

One study showed that altruism is an essential element of medical professionalism in Asia or North America but not Europe [ 27 ]. In China, medical professionalism was influenced by its longstanding Confucian traditions [ 28 ]. Therefore, any definitions of professionalism should match its rooted culture and be validated with respect to the culture and context in which it is applied [ 60 ].

The connotation of nursing professionalism

Professional, having a systematic nursing knowledge system.

The nursing process is considered a method for solving problems or dilemmas in a logical and scientific manner [ 11 ]. Freidson [ 29 ] (2001) noted that professionals perform their specialized work only with the required training and experience. Professionals have specific, tacit, almost esoteric knowledge to do their work [ 61 ]. Miller et al. [ 7 ] considered that a formal university education with a scientific background is critical for professionalism in nursing.

Professional certification

Nurses actively seek specialty certification given their personal commitment to the nursing profession [ 30 ]. Specialty certification promotes nursing professionalism. When attaining the highest levels of clinical knowledge, nursing professionalism also indicates personal responsibility and dedication to best practices [ 31 ].

Lifelong learning and participation in continuing education

Due to professional and ethical obligations, nurses should sustain continuous professional growth and development to maintain individual competence. Professional growth in nursing requires lifelong learning. Lifelong learning includes continuing education and self‐study, seeking advanced degrees, etc. [ 62 ].

Continuing education is one of the indicators of professionalism. Professionals keep up with the latest developments in the field and partake in continuing education. Additionally, continuing education is as important as other criteria for increasing professionalism in nursing [ 7 , 32 ]. Ongoing education brings fresh knowledge to health care, consequently leading to more efficient and quality service for people.

Evidence-based practice

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a hallmark of professionalism [ 33 ]. Dollaghan [ 63 ] (2004) reported that we identify and use the highest quality scientific evidence as an integral part of our efforts to provide the best patient care; EBP is a knowledge base that responds to specific clinical issues in a clear, intelligent, and serious manner while considering clinical practice in the context of the highest-quality scientific evidence available.

Innovation in nursing helps to improve patient care quality and improve nurses’ job performance [ 64 ]. Shen et al. [ 34 ] noted that innovative education plays an important role in the professional quality of undergraduate nursing students.

Striving for excellence

Striving for excellence is a requirement and attribute of nursing professionalism. There is a growing need in nursing practice to possess knowledge and skills in quality improvement science, translational research, and implementation science [ 35 ]. Clinical nurses have the same responsibilities as nursing scientists.

Caring is considered the core attribute of nursing professionalism

The practice of caring is central to nursing [ 65 ]. Caring is defined as the moral ideal of nursing [ 36 ]. Therefore, caring is an important core attribute of nursing professionalism.

Creating a caring-healing environment

Nurses devoted to creating a caring-healing environment embody professionalism. Caring means nurses should create a healing environment at all levels by providing a supportive, protective environment as well as a corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment for patients. People’s basic needs include a clean environment, comfort measures, safety concerns, and feeling safe or protected [ 65 ].

Displaying kindness/concern/empathy for others

A nurse is defined as someone caring for the ill within the hospital setting [ 66 ]. Caring means showing or having compassion, concern and empathy for others [ 37 ]. Caring behaviours are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses [ 38 ]. Displaying kindness and concern for others is shown by love, compassion, support and involvement [ 39 ].

Using all methods of knowing support and involvement

‘Human problems reside in ambiguity, paradox, and impermanence’. Therefore, suffering, healing, miraculous cures, and synchronicity are all part of knowing support and involvement.

Researchers suggest that nursing comprises Caritas Nursing, Energy Nursing, Transpersonal Nursing, Holistic Nursing, or Contemplative Nursing…… It goes beyond ordinary nursing. Nursing should have higher standards with excellence for caring, healing, and peace in the world. Therefore, caring means using all methods of knowing support and involvement [ 65 ].

Embracing the unknowns and miracles in life and practising loving

Nursing is a special profession. Nurses confront special circumstances daily and witness people’s struggles with life and death. Everyone has his or her own specific story about his or her experiences and predicaments. Each person seeks his or her own meanings to find inner peace and balance in the midst of fear, doubts, despair, and unknowns. Therefore, the care of nurses is not to blindly sacrifice their own needs but to be a real nurse, embracing the unknowns and miracles in life and caring for patients [ 65 ].

The central tenet of professionalism is to put the needs and best interest of others over self-interests. Altruism is an engagement in caring acts towards others without expecting something in return [ 67 ].

Patients first

To be altruistic means to put others’ needs before your own. Altruism is the selfless concern for others and doing things with the other person’s well-being in mind [ 40 ].

During pandemics, nurses were considered to have a high sense of duty and dedication to patient care [ 41 ]. Front-line nurses perceive high work engagement, especially in self-dedication [ 42 ]. Grøthe et al. [ 43 ] showed that cancer patients in a palliative unit appreciate nurses who have the most dedication and expertise characteristics.

• Public service

Due to a strong sense of civic and social responsibility, nurses participate in public service. Nurses volunteer as participants in summer camps, schools, or health-care teams. Nurses are also committed to responding to large-scale crises, such as the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, as well as national and international relief efforts, such as tsunamis and Hurricane Katrina [ 44 ].

• Disaster and infectious disease rescue

Individuals involved in providing disaster relief face many challenges, experience fatigue and personal suffering, and encounter numerous personal stories of life and death [ 45 ]. Nurses have played a significant role in the fight against infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [ 68 ]. Nurses are closest with patients. Nurses provide intensive care, regularly assessing and monitoring airways, tubes, medications, and physical therapy. Nurses are also devoted to reducing complications. Nurses assist with daily living activities when patients are unable to care for themselves [ 46 ].

• Community service

In addition, emphasizing professionalism means respecting values and commitment to community service delivery [ 69 ].

According to Walker and Avant [ 17 ], cases help further clarify concepts.

Model cases (a real case example)

Model cases help demonstrate all the defining attributes of a concept and helps to better articulate its meaning [ 17 ].

MS A is a 63-year-old nursing director. She worked in clinical nursing and management for 42 years. As she progressed from a new nurse to a nursing expert, she gradually poured her enthusiasm (Multidimensional: Attitudes) into nursing work (Dynamic). She believes that the core of nursing professionalism in China is dedication and responsibility (Culture oriented). In 2020, COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, China. She led a team to Wuhan to provide support (Multidimensional: Behaviours), reflecting the spirit of altruism (Altruism). She actively promoted exchanges and cooperation among disciplines and the development of academic conferences. She guided students to pay attention to practical innovation and develop evidence-based innovations (Professional). Although she is retired, she still imparts knowledge and experience to students everywhere (Multidimensional: Behaviours). She stated that the development of nursing professionalism is very difficult and requires nursing education and role models. (Multidimensional: Knowledge). The role of a nurse is like that of a mother, bringing care to the people (Caring).

Borderline cases (a real case example)

Borderline cases provide the examples that contain the most defining attributes of the concept [ 17 ].

B is a novice nurse. When working in the infection ward, she was so worried about being infected. She was reluctant to care for patients and wanted to escape from the ward environment. Fortunately, her nurse manager fully understood her situation and helped her adapt to work and reduce her anxiety. B observed that her nurse manager had been helping patients solve problems and giving them comfort and hope. This prompted her to think about what nursing truly means. In 2020, she volunteered to help COVID-19 patients (Altruism).

Related cases (a real case example)

Related cases are related to the concept but do not contain all its defining attributes [ 17 ].

C is a novice nurse. After graduating from nursing school, he became a nurse in the emergency department. He saw many patients who died or recovered, which made him realize the importance of caring (Caring). He said that emergency nurses need strong professionalism (Multidimensional: Attitudes). He participated in social service activities (Multidimensional: Behaviours), for example, promoting knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Altruism) in the community. After working for five years, he returned to school for a master’s degree to help the head nurse conduct nursing research or evidence-based practice (Professional). In his Asian cultural milieu, his is embarrassed about his identity as a male nurse (Culture oriented), but he believes he can do well.

Contrary cases (a fictional case example)

A contrary case does not include any defined attributes of the concept [ 17 ].

D is a nurse in paediatrics. She disliked nursing when she was a nursing student and even did enjoy communicating with patients (poor dynamics). She was exhausted after work and felt her life was out of balance. One of the values of the hospital where she worked was dedication, which confused her (Poor culture orientation). She considers it unrealistic to require professionalism (Poor nursing professionalism knowledge) and thinks that taking care of new-borns is particularly troublesome (Poor nursing professionalism attitudes), so she is always careless in her work (Multidimensional: poor attitude). D’s child felt ill last week, so she secretly reduced a patient’s medicine (Poor nursing professionalism behaviours) and took the remaining medicine home for her child (lack of altruism). She stopped doing so after her colleagues sensed something strange. One day, a baby kept crying; D reported it to the doctor and did not make further observations (Poor professional). When the shift nurse took over, she observed abnormal limb activity on one side of the child. The child’s family asked the nurse to bear legal responsibility. D said it was no big deal; she no longer wanted to be a nurse (Poor dynamic, professionalism not established).

Antecedents

Antecedents are events that occur before the intended concept [ 17 ].

Macro antecedents

Jin [ 28 ] suggested that the conceptualization of professionalism is influenced by culture. Employees defined organizational culture underlies an organization’s values and beliefs [ 70 ]. Nursing professionalism may be supported by a variety of cultures, so a firm understanding of and personal congruence with each particular culture is essential [ 71 ].

Religious beliefs

Religiosity is another contributing factor in the cultivation of altruism [ 72 ]. Taylor noted that nurses’ job motivation and views of the patient and nursing services are affected by their religious beliefs [ 73 ].

Micro antecedents

Snizek [ 74 ] (1972) reported that devotion to work is a professional value originating from a sense of calling to the field. Liaw et al. [ 75 ] (2016) found that nursing students who had caring and compassionate qualities as the most common personal characteristics strongly believed that they were called to nursing.

Individuals who pursue excellence in the workplace may be described as motivated and devoted to their work. Attree [ 76 ] (2005) noted that nurses’ perceived lack of autonomy over their practice could impact quality of care.

Personal characteristics

Nursing professionalism is influenced by various factors, such as educational background, personal interests, professional satisfaction, and professional values [ 77 , 78 , 79 ]. In each country, nurses with higher educational levels may have a higher level of professionalism [ 22 ]. Professionalism is thus a trait related to personal character and upbringing [ 80 ]. Researchers [ 81 ] have demonstrated that professionalism is positively associated with female gender, striving for professional goals, and acceptability. One study found that people’s values tend to shift to emphasize altruism over personal gain as they age [ 79 ]. Nursing professionalism is closely associated with personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) [ 82 ].

Consequences of nursing professionalism

Consequences are events or incidents that are the result of the occurrence of a concept [ 17 ].

Consequences for patients 

Professionalism is one of the decisive factors that critically influences patient satisfaction [ 50 ]. Professionalism can also improve practising nurse career development and the quality of service [ 81 ].

Consequences for nurses

Studies have shown that professionalism and a sense of belonging with colleagues and managers affect the satisfaction [ 83 ] and retention rate of nursing students in academic institutions [ 84 ]. Izumi et al. [ 85 ] (2006) found that good nurses felt pride and happiness in caring for patients closely related to their professionalism.

Empirical references

As the last step to concept analysis, empirical references can further clarify the concept and facilitate its measurement [ 17 ].

Hall’s professionalism inventory scale

Hall’s Professionalism Inventory Scale [ 6 ] identified five attitudinal attributes of professionalism: (a) use of professional organizations as major referents, (b) belief in public service, (c) self-regulation, (d) a sense of calling to the field, and (e) autonomy. Nursing researchers used Hall’s Professionalism Inventory Scale to measure professionalism in nursing [ 22 , 47 ]. Snizek [ 74 ] (1972) modified the professionalism scale to more closely match the clinical context of nursing and better reflect the professionalism of nursing staff.

Kramer’s index of professionalism

Kramer (1974) [ 86 ] constructed an index of professionalism that includes indicators of behaviours, such as the number of professional books published, subscriptions to professional journals, hours spent on professional reading, continuing education, participation in professional organizations, number of professional publications, speeches given, committee activity, and participation in research.

The behavioural inventory for professionalism in nursing (BIPN)

The Behavioural Inventory for Professionalism in Nursing [ 7 ] (BIPN) identifies professional behaviours and values among nurses. The nine categories in the BIPN are (1) educational background; (2) adherence to the code of ethics; (3) participation in the professional organization; (4) continuing education and competency; (5) communication and publication; (6) autonomy and self-regulation; (7) community service; (8) theory use, development, and evaluation; and (9) research involvement.

Definition of the concept

Based on the present analysis, we define nursing professionalism as follows: ‘Nursing professionalism is a multidimensional concept manifested by the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours that underlie successful clinical practice. Nursing professionalism is dynamicized through a process of socialization in formal nursing education. This feature is also reflected in the process of interaction. Therefore, nursing professionalism should match its rooted culture.

The connotations of nursing professionalism include professional, caring, and altruism. These connotations are detailed as follows:

• Possesses a systematic nursing knowledge system; professional certification
• Exhibits lifelong learning and participation
• Participates in evidence-based practice
• Demonstrates innovation
• Strives for excellence
• Creates a caring-healing environment
• Displays kindness/concern/empathy for others
• Uses various methods of knowing support and involvement
• Embraces the unknowns and miracles in life and practices loving
• Patient-first

A conceptual model of nursing professionalism is shown in Fig.  2 .

Defining the connotation of nursing professionalism

Nursing professionalism has been defined as professional, caring, and altruistic.

Professional values are characteristic of nursing professionalism. Nursing work requires rich knowledge and scientific evidence-based work to improve the quality of nursing services for patients. Nurses need lifelong learning, qualification certification, and participation in academic and practical activities.

Caring is regarded as the core of professionalism. This study suggests creating a caring-healing environment, displaying kindness/concern/empathy for others, employing all methods of knowing support and involvement, embracing the unknowns and miracles in life and practising loving to care for people to obtain high professionalism. This study notes that nursing professionalism emphasizes care for the individual patient and that the nurse does everything possible to create a caring and healing environment for patients. In different health systems worldwide, nurses have incorporated caring about nursing professionalism into everything they do. This characteristic is consistent with Nightingale's view that “Nurses need to be sensitive. A nurse must use her brain, heart and hands to create healing environments to care for the patient’s body, mind and spirit” [ 87 , 88 ].

Nursing has an altruistic nature, and people interested in helping patients are attracted to this profession [ 89 ]. However, some studies have shown that altruistic care is equated with self-sacrifice, self-denial, and unidirectional and unconditional care [ 90 ]. Care for a nurse’s own needs is equally important, but nurses should be able to put aside their own needs when required to focus on the needs of others [ 91 ]. Nurses should view self-care and altruism as dialectical. Self-realization and providing care for others are not conflicting concepts [ 92 ].

Defining the attributes of nursing professionalism

In this study, we defined nursing professionalism as multidimensional, dynamic, and culture oriented.

Nursing professionalism is a multidimensional concept that includes knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour. Previous studies have defined professionalism as the degree of commitment by individuals to the values and behavioural characteristics of a specific career identity [ 6 , 7 ]. However, current research on nursing professionalism is mostly single dimensional. The Behavioural Inventory for Professionalism in Nursing (BIPN) is based on Miller’s model and is used to measure professional behaviours among nurses [ 7 ]. Hall’s Professionalism Inventory Scale [ 6 ] identified five attitudinal attributes of professionalism. This study highlights that it is also necessary to focus on the knowledge dimension of professionalism. Nursing students and nurses should first understand the nursing professionalism that is necessary to become a nurse, which may be the first step in developing professionalism. Nursing students and nurses need to know the values that are necessary to practice the nursing and not have vague impressions. Some studies have shown that nursing students or nurses learn values and norms in informal trainings [ 93 ]. Therefore, this study suggests that the development of assessment tools for the knowledge dimension of professionalism is also necessary. Multidimensional evaluation tools are not available for nursing professionalism. Thus, clarifying the multidimensional nature of nursing professionalism will contribute to the development of multidimensional evaluation tools.

Moreover, understanding the dynamics of professionalism is helpful for cultivating nursing professionalism in stages and steps. Inquiries into medical professionalism should be integrated into the culture of social media interaction [ 94 ]. Nursing educators and managers should dynamically cultivate nursing professionalism in their interactions.

Differences in the connotation of nursing professionalism are noted in different cultures. This study suggests that the cultivation and evaluation of nursing professionalism need to consider the cultural attributes of different regions and countries.

Future research directions

• Exploring the antecedents of nursing professionalism can help schools or hospitals cultivate nursing professionalism and develop courses and specific measures.

The macro antecedents of nursing professionalism include culture and religion, and the micro antecedents include calling, autonomy, and personal characteristics. Some researchers have explored methods to cultivate nursing professionalism; for example, role modelling, feedback, group discussions, case-based discussions, reflection, holding ethical rounds, and reports potentially represent more effective methods [ 95 ]. Some researchers have tried to enhance professionalism through social media [ 96 ]. One of the findings this study is that nursing professionalism is complex and its cultivation difficult. Studies have shown that didactic lectures are ineffective for teaching professionalism [ 97 ]. The development of true nursing professionalism requires national advocacy and the immersion of a good professional environment that incorporates professionalism into daily nursing practice. Role modelling is considered an effective method for developing professionalism in nursing [ 98 ]. Therefore, this study suggest that studies should be actively conducted to deeply discuss the causes and processes affecting professionalism and to cultivate and intervene at macro and micro levels as well as the key time periods and populations that form professionalism to truly shape the formation of professionalism. Moreover, an environment for building professionalism [ 99 ] is very important. Williams [ 100 ] (2015) considered that the development of professionalism should begin as early as the first semester of an undergraduate nursing course. One of the themes of nursing students’ professional identity development is ‘doing-learning-knowing-speaking’. Students should develop professionalism in all these areas of nursing practice.

• The relationship between nursing professionalism and health outcomes or nurses’ human resources needs to be further studied.

Our research suggests that the ultimate goal of nursing professionalism is to serve patients with professional knowledge and special professional quality. The public has become increasingly aware of certain possibilities, limitations, and consequences of professionalism. COVID-19 significantly increased the discussion of professionalism and patient outcomes.

Improving professionalism has a positive impact on job satisfaction, professional quality of life, and the willingness to continue in the profession [ 101 , 102 , 103 ]. Therefore, it is important to improve support for nurses, create a good environment for professionalism, and establish a training system for professionalism, thus paving the way to enhance training in professionalism and create opportunities for nurses.

Implications for nursing management

In April 2020, the World Health Organization (2020) issued the First State of the World’s Nursing 2020 [ 104 ]. The report highlighted that nursing professionals are the largest occupational group in the health sector, numbering 27.9 million worldwide. Nurses spend more time with patients than any other health care professionals [ 105 ].

Worldwide, nursing professionalism is considered important and associated with expectations. This study clarifies the concept of nursing professionalism and contributes to a framework for developing a theoretical model as well as instruments to measure the concept. A conceptual model of nursing professionalism may increase nurse managers’ insight into nurses’ behaviours and values, creating a good working environment.

Nurse managers should integrate nursing professionalism into their philosophy, mission, and objectives and provide necessary resources, tools, and projects to develop professionalism among nurses. Nurses should cultivate professionalism to provide good nursing services to patients. Further research should explore the relationship between nursing professionalism and patient health outcomes and formulate effective training programs for professionalism.

Limitations

This conceptual analysis has some limitations. First, research on nursing professionalism published in English may be conducted in different countries and cultures. However, it is also necessary to obtain a more comprehensive and mature concept of the study of different national languages. Second, the lack of research on the combination of all elements of professionalism may lead to overestimation of the impact of these subelements on professionalism. Third, the concept analysis focused on the research process and the researchers’ perspectives, possibly reflecting a lack of other professional understandings of nursing professionalism in medical groups. In addition, the concept analysis included a risk of selection bias, extraction bias, and analysis bias because the study selection process, data extraction, and analysis were all conducted by two researchers. Despite these risk, the studies were all described accurately and systematically.

Nursing professionalism is one of the important foundations of clinical nursing. It is multidimensional, dynamic, and culture oriented. Based on the analysis, nursing professionalism has been defined as providing people care based on principles of professionalism, caring, and altruism. The definition, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and reference analysis of the experience of nursing professionalism determined in this study provide a theoretical basis for future research. This information can be used to evaluate nursing professionalism, develop assessment tools, or generate theory-based training courses and interventions.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Hui Yang for the great efforts made in designing the research. We would like to thank linbo Li for providing valuable suggestions for this study.

Author’s contributions

Hl C and HY made substantial contributions to conception and design. HL C, YJ S, YM W, YF D Collectioned and analysis the data. Hl C was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. XY H, YJ C, QH W revised it critically for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Postgraduate Education Innovation Program of Shanxi Province in China (No. 2020BY067).

Availability of data and materials

Declarations.

Our study was approved by the ethical committee of The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Shanxi, China,(approval no. 2020K061).

Not applicable.

There is no conflict of interest in this study.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Contributor Information

Huili Cao, Email: moc.qq@2855838711 .

Yejun Song, Email: moc.qq@9109580601 .

Yanming Wu, Email: moc.621@6927myw .

Yifei Du, Email: moc.qq@3283291401 .

Xingyue He, Email: moc.361@320eHeuygnix .

Yangjie Chen, Email: moc.qq@8011856511 .

Qiaohong Wang, Email: [email protected] .

Hui Yang, Email: moc.361@0202iuhyq .

Nursing as a Profession and Career Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Introduction

Nursing concepts, concepts relating to art and science of nursing from the stories, reference list.

Nursing is a career that requires so much professionalism. This is because one must gain public trust. Nurses must therefore offer their services with much regard for human dignity and must protect the privacy of their patients. Nurses should therefore assume responsibility and accountability for their actions towards the patients.

Nurses should also apply the best attitude, skills and knowledge during their practice. It is by showing competence that embers of the public will have trust in them and they will see professionalism in them (Blais & Hayes, 2006). This essay looks at some examples of professional nursing behaviors from their narratives in the book “Meditations on hope: Nurses stories about motivation and inspiration” by Sergi, P. (2009).

Sergi, P. (2009). Meditations on hope: Nurses stories about motivation and inspiration

This book contains several narratives by nurses illustrating how they struggle to maintain their spirits high and be optimistic so that they can able to help those that they care for. They try to give hope to their patients even those with the least chances of surviving.

Professionalism

The main aspect of professionalism that is observed in nurses is the way they communicate with the patients and how they act towards them. Professional acts include how they deliver sad messages to the patients especially those concerning the death of loved ones. This is an area that requires the nurse to apply a lot of knowledge and skills to ensure that he or she does not evoke hostile emotions on the affected person.

Professionalism is seen in the first chapter in the book, “Breaking bad news,” where the narrator talks about how they approach patients who have discouraging laboratory tests such as those indicating a sexually transmitted disease in a pregnant woman, or a patient with cancer, or telling a parent that his child has died. When breaking such news, the narrator explains that the first thing they have to do is to eliminate the difference between the nurse and the patient. They do this by hugging the patient or holding their hands.

The narrator says that when a child is admitted, she calls the parents to inform them that the child has been admitted to ICU then waits for a few seconds to hear the impact of her voice. The narrator also says that she consoles women who have lost their children by telling them that she was with the child when he or she died so the child did not die alone (Sergi, 2009).

The narrator further says that, after staying in healthcare for a number of years, she has learned that they can only give the patients what they would like for themselves. In this case, the nurse is very caring to the patient. She is trying to put herself in the shoes of the affected person. This is an act of professionalism in nursing care.

Showing care to patients is very important in nursing. Sometimes nurses are faced with situations where sometimes the victim is to blame but they are required not to show this. Giving attention is the most caring act that patients may treasure. It is important for nurses to give attention even in matters that are difficult to help (Potter, Perry, Ross-Kerr &Wood, 2009).

The other chapter is Julia or the burden of bearing Witness. In this chapter, the narrator talks of Julia, a lady who had believed that she owned the house they used to live in with her mother but later the mother denies her ownership. The narrator, therefore, acts as a witness between Julia and her mother.

The narrator looks for ways of helping Julia who is bitter in her room, she is crying, and pounding her fists in her thighs. The narrator, who is a psychiatrist nurse, realizes that what Julia needs is a witness to give her attention and to help her get through that moment and move to the next. The psychiatrist nurse, therefore, gets a chance to listen to the private issues of some patients.

This is a case where the nurse can’t help but show his attention to the two parties is a sign of care. The nurse is the only person with whom patients can share such issues since the nurse is the only person who is the cause of their problems. However, the narrator says that the great challenge that faces them is taking in such serious and private stories but there is no way to let them out. They, therefore, become a burden to the nurse.

The nurse, therefore, requires an ability to take another person’s pain and suffering and to let it back out again. In this case, the nurse is required to practice maintaining confidentiality on the private issues of the patient. Maintaining confidentiality is a professional requirement in nursing (Chitty, 2005).

Teamwork is required among the nurses and also the entire hospital staff. This is because every member has a role to play in ensuring that the patient gets well. Teamwork is also very important for patients in critical conditions who require excellent therapeutic care. In this case, teamwork must also be extended to the patient’s family since they may also have a role to play.

This is seen in the story of “When the Patient Becomes the Teacher: A Lesson in Hope”. In this story, the nurse is faced by a patient whose chances of surviving seemed to be very low. Jim had undergone so many surgeries that had resulted to loss of almost half of his body mass. He got admitted to the ICU and at the first time, the nurse met with his father whom he had to give hopes that Jim will survive. However, he survived in the ICU and his condition started improving every day.

By time he recovered, he had undergone around 20 operations that left him with only the left arm, and could not move his body due to an operation on his hip bone. Jim was taught on how to dominantly use his left arm, and also how to roll himself. Will all that happening in his life, he achieved all the expectations and surpassed all the obstacles.

He did all this with utmost human dignity and turned out to be an example to the team that was working on him. He had courage over his condition and did not require self pity. He challenged the nurses that he required more than just sympathy. The narrator however helped him out of rehabilitation to a handicapped camp where he could attend a college. The narrator was advocating for the best care for Jim (Sergi, 2009).

The nurse did not have much role to play in this patient’s operations but he teamed up with other physicians, ICU attendants, the patients and his parents to give maximum help. In further helping the patient, the nurse also teamed up with the attendants of a handicapped school to ensure that Jim continues to develop himself during his life after hospital.

The art of nursing involves the creativity seen in nurses when dealing with some circumstances. On the other hand, the science is the application of knowledge and skills pertaining to nursing. In the narratives above, the nurses are able to go beyond their knowledge in helping the patients. In the first narrative, the nurse is able to convince the parent that her child did not die alone. This is going beyond the knowledge and skills of nursing in helping the parent handle the situation. Nurses are being faced by many situations that do not require professionalism alone. They require personal intervention since the patients are casting all their burdens to them (Potter, Perry, Ross-Kerr &Wood, 2009).

The nurses are also portraying skills and knowledge when attending to the patients. In breaking the bad news, the nurses are supposed to break the gap between them and the patients. They are supposed to be caring and do to the patients as they would like to be done to themselves.

The narratives in the book are an indication of the experiences that nurses go through in their profession. However, in all those circumstances they have tried to maintain professionalism. Patients usually have trust in the nurses and often tell them their private matters. Nurses are therefore supposed to maintain confidence with the patients by maintaining confidentiality of such information.

Sergi, P. (2009). Meditations on hope: Nurses stories about motivation and inspiration. New York, USA: Kaplan Publishers.

Potter, P. ,Perry, A.,Ross-Kerr,J. &Wood, M. (2009). Canadian fundamentals of nursing, 4th ed. Toronto: Harcourt Canada, Limited.

Blais, K. & Hayes, J. (2006). Professional nursing practice: concepts and perspectives. New Jersey Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Chitty, K. (2005). Professional nursing: concepts & challenges. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences.

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Essay On Nursing Profession

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How to Become a Nurse Practitioner: Steps & Tips

"The role of a nurse practitioner is more than just a job—it's a calling," says Jon Fanning, CEO of the AANP. "With nearly 100 million people in areas lacking primary care, NPs are expanding access to healthcare across the nation. They inspire a new generation to serve and build healthier communities."

Nurse practitioners combine clinical expertise in diagnosing and treating health conditions with a focus on disease prevention and health management. They bring a comprehensive and personal touch to healthcare, providing high-quality, cost-effective, patient-centered care. With over 385,000 NPs addressing the primary care shortage in America, they are crucial to our healthcare system.

If you're considering this rewarding career, read on to learn the essential steps to becoming a nurse practitioner, the job outlook, and answers to common questions.

What is a Nurse Practitioner?

A nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced nurse with education and training that exceeds the level of a registered nurse (RN). In some states, NPs can practice independently like doctors, while in others, they must work under a doctor's supervision.

NPs focus on the overall health and well-being of their patients. They emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, and health education. By helping patients make better health and lifestyle choices, NPs can also help reduce healthcare costs.

To ensure they provide the best care, nurse practitioners must get national certification, go through regular peer reviews, and evaluate their clinical outcomes. They adhere to strict ethical standards and continually pursue professional development to keep their skills up-to-date.

In addition to providing direct care, NPs lead and participate in health forums, conduct research, and apply their findings in practice.

NPs offer a wide range of services both independently and in collaboration with other healthcare professionals, including:

• Ordering, performing, and interpreting diagnostic tests like lab work and X-rays
• Diagnosing and treating acute and chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, infections, and injuries
• Prescribing medications and treatments
• Managing patients' overall care
• Counseling patients
• Educating patients on disease prevention and healthy lifestyle choices

Feeling Bogged Down by Nursing Studies?

Our skilled professionals are ready to guide you through your coursework and propel you towards your nursing career!

RN vs NP: What is the Difference

Both registered nurses (RNs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) play vital roles in patient care. Since all NPs start as RNs, there's often some overlap in their careers. However, their daily responsibilities differ significantly.

Nurse Practitioner Education

According to our custom nursing essay writing , to become a NP, you must complete advanced education beyond your registered nurse training. This involves earning either a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). Both degrees include courses and clinical training that prepare nurses to work in primary care, acute care, and long-term healthcare settings.

• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN): All states require NPs to hold an MSN. This program typically takes 18 months to three years to complete, depending on your previous education and whether you study full-time or part-time. For example, a nurse with a bachelor's degree in nursing can usually finish an MSN program in about two years with full-time study.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP): By 2025, many entry-level NP positions may require a DNP. This degree focuses more on clinical practice than the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), which is geared towards research and academia. DNP programs can take one to two years for those who already have an MSN or three to four years for those starting with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).

Nurse Practitioner Specialties

After completing their core coursework, students focus on courses for nurse practitioner specialties and clinical hours specific to their chosen field. This specialized training prepares them for licensure in various areas, including:

• Acute Care.
• Adult Health.
• Family Health.
• Gerontology Health.
• Neonatal Health.
• Pediatric/Child Health.
• Psychiatric/Mental Health.
• Women's Health.

NPs can also pursue sub-specialties in areas such as:

• Allergy and Immunology.
• Cardiovascular.
• Dermatology.
• Endocrinology.
• Gastroenterology.
• Hematology and Oncology.
• Occupational Health.
• Orthopedics.
• Pulmonology and Respiratory.
• Sports Medicine.

6 Steps to Becoming a Nurse Practitioner

Here's a list of steps to help you understand how to become a nurse practitioner. By following these steps, you can become a licensed nurse practitioner ready to provide advanced nursing care in various healthcare settings.

Earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

To become a nurse practitioner, the first step is earning a BSN. A traditional BSN takes four years and includes general education, nursing coursework, and clinical training. If you already have an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and an RN license, you can enroll in an RN-to-BSN program to earn your BSN faster. Those with non-nursing bachelor's degrees can join accelerated BSN programs.

BSN programs include general education classes (usually in the first year), nursing classes, and clinical experience. To graduate, you typically need 120-130 credit hours. Admissions requirements vary but generally include:

• A high school GPA of 2.75 or higher or a nursing diploma/associate degree
• Biology, chemistry, anatomy, and physiology classes
• A CV or resume
• A personal essay
• An RN license (if applicable)
• Volunteer experience
• An application fee

While you look for accredited BSN programs to ensure high standards in faculty qualifications, course content, and overall quality, check out our list of full ride nursing scholarships .

Obtain a Registered Nurse (RN) License

After completing your bachelor's degree, the next steps to becoming a nurse practitioner include passing the NCLEX exam. This national test can be taken in any state and determines your readiness to practice as a registered nurse. The exam adapts to your performance, consisting of 75-145 questions that assess your clinical knowledge in areas like safe care practices, health promotion, psychosocial integrity, and physiological integrity.

However, earning your license involves more than passing the NCLEX. The board of nursing in your chosen state evaluates additional qualifications under the Nurse Practice Act (NPA). These may include demonstrating good moral character, physical and mental health, English proficiency, and a clean criminal record, among others.

Gain Clinical Experience

Knowing how to become nurse practitioner includes gaining clinical experience. This means working in hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare settings to apply what you've learned and develop your skills in real-life situations. It's where you'll learn how to care for patients directly, collaborate with healthcare teams, and handle different medical challenges.

In these roles, you'll rotate through various departments, like surgery, maternity, and pediatrics, to gain broad experience. This hands-on training not only prepares you to provide quality patient care but also sets the stage for advancing in your nursing career. Whether you aim to specialize in a particular area or pursue further education, clinical experience is the foundation upon which you build your expertise as a nurse.

Earn a Graduate Degree in Nursing

Getting a master's in nursing (MSN) is a way for registered nurses (RNs) to advance their careers and deepen their expertise. With an MSN, nurses can pursue roles like nurse educator, clinical nurse leader (CLN), health policy expert (HPE), or nurse administrator.

Moreover, an MSN prepares RNs to become advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), specializing as nurse practitioners (NP), clinical nurse specialists (CNS), certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA), or certified nurse-midwives (CNM).

To apply for an MSN program, you typically need letters of recommendation, a résumé, a statement of purpose, and transcripts. Each program may have additional requirements outlined on its website.

Consider these schools for your MSN:

• Simmons University offers an MSN with options in Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) or Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), completing in as few as 24 months with full-time and part-time tracks available.
• Georgetown University provides an MSN that can be completed in 23 months, offering specializations in Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AG-ACNP), Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Nurse-Midwife/Women's Health Nurse Practitioner (NM/WHNP), or Women's Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP), emphasizing hands-on clinical experience.
• St. John Fisher University offers part-time and accelerated MSN tracks with options including Primary Care Family Nurse Practitioner (PCFNP), Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AGACNP), and Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (AGPCNP).

Obtain NP Certification

Getting a nurse practitioner certification is the next essential step for practicing in the field. Certification requirements vary by state but generally include holding an advanced nursing degree and passing a national board certification exam in your specialty area, such as Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Psychiatric-Mental Health, Pediatrics, or Women's Health.

Certification exams are rigorous and administered by accredited organizations. They assess both general advanced practice nursing skills and specialized knowledge relevant to specific patient populations. Candidates can only register for exams in the areas where they completed their advanced degrees, ensuring alignment between education and certification.

Get Licensed as a Nurse Practitioner

Once certified, the next step is obtaining nurse practitioner license to practice in their state. Licensing requirements vary but typically include submitting proof of national certification, completing an application, and paying any associated fees. Some states may also require background checks or documentation of supervised clinical practice hours.

After meeting these requirements, NPs may receive their state license, enabling them to independently assess patients, diagnose conditions, and prescribe medications within their scope of practice. This licensure process ensures that NPs meet state-specific standards for patient care and professional conduct, allowing them to provide comprehensive healthcare services to their communities.

On your path to becoming a specialist in the field, understanding nursing care plans is important. So, check out our dedicated article to learn why they are essential.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Nurse Practitioner?

Becoming a nurse practitioner (NP) typically takes 8-11 years, including undergraduate and graduate education, plus clinical experience. Here is a more detailed look at how long are nursing programs .

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): 3-4 years
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN): 2-3 years
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP): Starting in 2025, a DNP will be required, taking an additional 3-4 years.

Accelerated Pathways:

• RN-to-BSN and RN-to-MSN Programs: These bridge programs can shorten the timeline by allowing registered nurses to earn their BSN and MSN more quickly.

Specializations and Part-Time Study:

• Specializations and part-time study can extend the timeline.
• Full-time students can complete a DNP in 3-4 years, but many students work while studying part-time, which can take 6-7 years to complete.

Nurse Practitioner Job Search Tips

After earning your license, consider these tips for securing good jobs for nursing students .

• Customize Your Resume: Tailor your resume for each job listing. Many employers use specific keywords in their job descriptions and expect candidates to use these keywords. Including relevant skills, credentials, and characteristics from each job description can make your application stand out.
• Practice Interview Questions: Prepare by practicing answers to common nurse practitioner interview questions. This can boost your confidence and help you articulate your qualifications clearly. Practice in front of a mirror to assess your posture and eye contact.
• Join Professional Organizations: Become a member of professional organizations such as the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). These organizations offer job boards, networking events, and resources that can aid in your job search.
• Use Online Job Boards: Websites like Indeed, LinkedIn, and specialized healthcare job boards can help you find job openings suited to your qualifications and preferences.
• Attend Job Fairs and Career Events: Participate in job fairs and career events focused on healthcare. These events provide opportunities to meet potential employers, learn about job openings, and make a positive impression in person.

Final Words

Becoming an NP starts with a solid base in nursing education and clinical practice. From earning a BSN to gaining specialized certification and state licensure, each step equips nurses to provide advanced patient care. As you progress, never worry thinking ‘ who can write paper for me ’—we're here to support you every step of the way!

Remember, through dedication and ongoing learning, as a nurse practitioner, you'll play a vital role in healthcare, advocating for patient wellness and contributing to the evolving landscape of nursing practice. Whether in primary care, specialty clinics, or hospital settings, you will uphold the highest standards of professional excellence, making a meaningful impact in the lives you touch!

Overanalyzing Your Nursing Career Due to the Heavy Studyload?

Stop! Our top-notch experts are here to support you with all your coursework needs to get you into the field!

What Degree Do You Need to Be a Nurse Practitioner?

How much does a nurse practitioner make, how to become a nurse practitioner.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

• American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2019). What’s a nurse practitioner? American Association of Nurse Practitioners. https://www.aanp.org/about/all-about-nps/whats-a-nurse-practitioner
• Will The DNP Make It Over The Top As The New Standard For Advanced Practice Nursing By 2025? | DNP . (n.d.). https://www.doctorofnursingpracticednp.org/2020/01/will-the-dnp-make-it-over-the-top-as-the-new-standard-for-advanced-practice-nursing-by-2025/
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Degrees . (2022, January). Nursing License Map. https://nursinglicensemap.com/nursing-degrees/bachelor-of-science-in-nursing/
• Nursing licensure by state . (2019, October 30). Nursing License Map. https://nursinglicensemap.com/states/
• ‌ How Much Does A Nurse Practitioner Make? A Breakdown Of NP Salaries – Forbes Advisor . (n.d.). Www.forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/healthcare/nurse-practitioner-salary /