light pollution essay in english

Light Pollution

People all over the world are living under the nighttime glow of artificial light, and it is causing big problems for humans, wildlife, and the environment. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help.

Conservation, Earth Science, Astronomy

Hong Kong Light Pollution

Boats, buildings, street lights, and even fireworks contribute to the light pollution in Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong. Light pollution can be detrimental to the health of people and animals in the area.

Photograph by Jodi Cobb

Most environmental pollution on Earth comes from humans and their inventions. Take, for example, the automobile or that miraculous human-made material, plastic . Today, automobile emissions are a major source of air pollution contributing to climate change, and plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health hazard to marine animals.

And what about the electric lightbulb, thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time? Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down, keeping us safe and making our homes cozy and bright. However, like carbon dioxide emissions and plastic , too much of a good thing has started to negatively impact the environment. Light pollution , the excessive or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior, and our ability to observe stars and other celestial objects.

That Earthly Sky Glow

Light pollution is a global issue. This became glaringly obvious when the World Atlas of Night Sky Brightness , a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Available online for viewing, the atlas shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only the most remote regions on Earth (Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon) are in total darkness. Some of the most light-polluted countries in the world are Singapore, Qatar, and Kuwait.

Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over urban areas, due to the electric lights of cars, streetlamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset.

People living in cities with high levels of sky glow have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. Astronomers are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view celestial objects.

More than 80 percent of the world’s population, and 99 percent of Americans and Europeans, live under sky glow. It sounds pretty, but sky glow caused by anthropogenic activities is one of the most pervasive forms of light pollution .

Is it Time to Get Up?

Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. Nocturnal light interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm—the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological processes in nearly all living organisms. One of these processes is the production of the hormone melatonin , which is released when it is dark and is inhibited when there is light present. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in sleep deprivation, fatigue, headaches, stress, anxiety, and other health problems. Recent studies also show a connection between reduced melatonin levels and cancer. In fact, new scientific discoveries about the health effects of artificial light have convinced the American Medical Association (AMA) to support efforts to control light pollution and conduct research on the potential risks of exposure to light at night. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. Blue light is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency.

Animals are Lost and Confused, Too

Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration patterns , wake-sleep habits, and habitat formation. Because of light pollution , sea turtles and birds guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. Large numbers of insects, a primary food source for birds and other animals, are drawn to artificial lights and are instantly killed upon contact with light sources. Birds are also affected by this, and many cities have adopted a “Lights Out” program to turn off building lights during bird migration.

A study of blackbirds ( Turdus merula) in Germany found that traffic noise and artificial night lighting causes birds in the city to become active earlier than birds in natural areas—waking and singing as much as five hours sooner than their country cousins. Even animals living under the sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study looked at how marine animals responded to brightly lit panels submerged under water off the coast of Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals, such as the sea squirt and sea bristle, made their homes near the lighted panels. This could mean that the light from oil rigs, passing ships, and harbors is altering marine ecosystems .

Even in places meant to provide protected natural habitats for wildlife, light pollution is making an impact. The National Park Service (NPS) has made maintaining a dark night sky a priority. The NPS Night Skies Team has been monitoring night sky brightness in some one hundred parks, and nearly every park showed at least some light pollution.

You Shouldn’t Need Sunglasses at Night

There are three other kinds of light pollution: glare, clutter, and light trespass. Glare is excessive brightness that can cause visual discomfort (for example, when driving). Clutter is bright, confusing, and excessive groupings of light sources (for example, Times Square in New York City, New York). Light trespass is when light extends into an area where it is not wanted or needed (like a streetlight illuminating a nearby bedroom window). Most outdoor lighting is poorly positioned, sending wasted electricity up into the sky.

Bring Back the Dark Sky

There are several organizations working to reduce light pollution. One of these is the U.S.-based International Dark Sky Association (IDA), formed in 1988 to preserve the natural night sky. IDA educates the public and certifies parks and other places that have worked to reduce their light emissions. In 2017, the IDA approved the first U.S. dark sky reserve. The massive Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve, which clocks in at 3,667 square kilometers (1,416 square miles), joined eleven other dark sky reserves established around the world. As of December of 2018, IDA lists thirteen dark sky reserves on their site.

Stop Wasting Energy: Things We Can All Do

More people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. Many states have adopted legislation to control outdoor lighting, and manufacturers have designed and produced high-efficiency light sources that save energy and reduce light pollution.

Individuals are urged to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed, to make sure outdoor lights are properly shielded and directing light down instead of up into the sky, and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside.

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Essay on Light Pollution

Students are often asked to write an essay on Light Pollution in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Light Pollution

What is light pollution.

Light pollution is the excessive or misdirected artificial light produced by humans. It happens when outdoor lights are left on at night, causing a brightening of the night sky. These lights interfere with natural darkness, and have a harmful effect on our environment.

Types of Light Pollution

There are four main types of light pollution. They are glare, light trespass, over-illumination, and sky glow. Glare is excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort. Light trespass occurs when unwanted or intrusive light enters one’s property. Over-illumination is the excessive use of light. Sky glow is the bright halo over urban areas at night.

Effects on Humans and Wildlife

Light pollution affects both humans and wildlife. For humans, it can cause problems like sleep disorders and stress. For animals, especially nocturnal ones, it can disrupt their feeding and breeding patterns. Birds can become confused during migration and sea turtles can lose their way while trying to reach the sea.

Ways to Reduce Light Pollution

We can reduce light pollution by using outdoor lights only when needed, choosing lower-intensity lights, and using lights that are fully shielded. This means the light is directed downwards, not upwards into the sky. Public awareness and government regulations can also help in reducing light pollution.

In conclusion, light pollution is a serious issue that needs our attention. It not only affects humans and wildlife but also prevents us from seeing the beauty of the night sky. By taking small steps, we can contribute to reducing light pollution.

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Paragraph on Light Pollution

250 Words Essay on Light Pollution

Light pollution is the brightening of the night sky caused by street lights and other man-made sources. It is a type of pollution that is often overlooked. It not only affects our ability to see stars in the sky, but also has negative effects on our environment and our health.

There are four main types of light pollution. Skyglow is the bright halo that can be seen over urban areas at night. Glare is excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort. Light trespass is unwanted or intrusive light. Lastly, clutter is bright, confusing, and excessive groupings of light sources.

Effects on Wildlife

Light pollution can have harmful effects on many creatures including birds, insects, and sea turtles. It can disrupt their feeding and breeding patterns. For example, bright lights can confuse birds that migrate at night and lead them off course.

Effects on Humans

For humans, light pollution can cause problems like sleep disorders and stress. It can also lead to reduced visibility at night and energy waste.

How to Reduce Light Pollution

We can reduce light pollution by using lights only when necessary, choosing light fixtures that shield the light source to minimize glare and light trespass, and using lower intensity lights. By making these simple changes, we can help to reduce light pollution and preserve the beauty of our night sky.

In conclusion, light pollution is a serious issue that needs more attention. By understanding what it is and how it affects us, we can take steps to reduce it and protect our environment.

500 Words Essay on Light Pollution

Light pollution is the excessive or misdirected artificial light produced by human activities. It happens when outdoor lights are left on overnight or point upwards into the sky. This artificial light can be seen in the form of a bright glow over cities and towns, obscuring the stars in the night sky.

Light pollution comes in different forms. Glare is the excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort. Skyglow is the brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas. Light trespass occurs when unwanted or intrusive light enters a place, like a bedroom window from a nearby streetlight. Lastly, clutter is the bright, confusing, and excessive grouping of lights, often found in overly lit urban areas.

Light pollution has a significant impact on wildlife and ecosystems. Many animals, like birds and turtles, rely on natural light patterns for migration, hunting, and reproduction. When artificial light disrupts these patterns, it can confuse animals and put their survival at risk.

Impact on Human Health

Artificial light can also affect human health. It can interfere with our sleep patterns, causing problems like insomnia. The human body needs periods of darkness to produce a hormone called melatonin, which helps regulate sleep. When artificial light interferes with this process, it can lead to health issues.

Effects on Astronomy

Light pollution greatly affects our ability to observe stars and other celestial bodies. The bright glow from cities and towns makes it difficult for astronomers to see the night sky clearly. This makes it harder for them to study space and learn more about our universe.

There are several ways we can reduce light pollution. We can start by using outdoor lights only when necessary. If we need to use them, we should make sure the lights are not too bright and are directed downwards, not upwards into the sky. We can also use light fixtures that shield the light and prevent it from spreading widely. Lastly, we can use timers or motion sensors on outdoor lights to ensure they are only on when needed.

In conclusion, light pollution is a serious problem that affects both wildlife and humans. It not only disrupts natural ecosystems but also interferes with our ability to observe the night sky. By making small changes in our lighting habits, we can help reduce light pollution and protect our environment. It’s important for us to understand this issue and take steps to address it, for the sake of our health, our planet, and our future understanding of the universe.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Light Pollution

Learn about the effects of excess light coming from cities at night.

In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution.

It hampers our view of some of life’s most spectacular sights: stars, planets, and even galaxies. “When I was a little boy, I loved the night sky,” recalls Robert Gent of the International Dark-Sky Association, an organization working to reduce light pollution.

“I remember looking up and the sky was filled with stars, and I asked, ‘How many are there? How far away are they? Can we visit them?’ I became an astronomer because I was amazed by their beauty,” he says. “Now in most big cities kids can’t see the stars like I did.”

Normally, about 2,500 individual stars are visible to the human eye without using any special equipment. But because of light pollution, you actually see just 200 to 300 from today’s suburbs, and fewer than a dozen from a typical city.

Only one in three Americans can see our own galaxy, the dazzling Milky Way, with the naked eye. Those people live far away from the lights of big cities, office buildings, and shopping malls.

Fortunately, there is a solution that is inexpensive and has benefits right away, says Gent. “If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky, and use lower brightness levels, we can save enormous amounts of energy and preserve the beauty of the night skies.”

Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night, making sure enough shine for safety without creating a lot of light pollution.

Light pollution affects more than our view of the heavens. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife.

Migrating birds sometimes fly over cities and become confused by the brightness, flying in circles until they drop from exhaustion. Sea turtles need dark beaches for nesting and won’t approach bright lights. Too much light at night may even affect human health; scientists are still learning more.

For all these reasons, researchers are working on ways to use lights only when and where they are truly needed. “Everyone deserves to look up at the infinite sky and wonder about the unbounded universe,” says Gent.

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Light Pollution

This essay will discuss the issue of light pollution, its causes, and its impact on the environment and human health. It will explore the effects of excessive artificial light on wildlife, ecosystems, and astronomical observations. The piece will suggest ways to reduce light pollution and promote awareness of this often-overlooked environmental concern. Additionally, PapersOwl presents more free essays samples linked to Pollution.

How it works

The living environment can be defined as an assembly of the natural and man-made environment. It includes the surroundings or conditions in which people, animals or plants live and operate. Hence the “living environment” is created when various activities are combined and how the people, animals and plants react to it even when changes occur. Tiwari P., Nair R., Ankinapalli P., Rao J., Hingorani P., Gulati M. Living Environment. In India’s Reluctant Urbanization. London. Palgrave Macmillan,2015. As aforementioned light pollution has various consequences which include washing out of starlight in the night sky, interference of astronomical research, disruption of the ecosystem, adverse health effects and energy waste.

The impact of light pollution on astronomical research is referred to as sky-glow. Sky-glow refers to the glow effect that can be seen over populated areas. It is the combination of reflected and unshielded light escaping into the sky. The impacts include: washing out of starlight in the night sky which makes it difficult to see the stars, reduces contrast between galaxies and stars and in densely populated areas sky brightness is a hundred times brighter than natural. Additionally, light trespass can also have an impact on astronomical research because when artificial light enters telescopes it also reduces the contrast between the galaxies and stars. According to Damian Bruni, light pollution has seriously affected the visibility of Orion Nebula. Bruni, Damian. City Light Pollution: Its Effect on Astronomy, International Amateur-Professional Photoelectric Photometry Communication, No.53, p.1, 1993. Orion Nebula is a diffuse nebula in the Milky Way, it is one of the brightest nebulae and it visible to the naked eye. But with all the light pollution it is decreasing its visibility.

The impact of light pollution on the disruption of the ecosystem includes two forms, glare and light trespass. Glare is when excessive light causes difficulty seeing and light trespass occurs when unwanted light enters one’s property. The impacts include: a serious threat to nocturnal wildlife, negative impact on plant and animal physiology and confusion of animal navigation. According to research scientist Christopher Kyba, for nocturnal animals, the introduction of artificial light probably represents the most drastic change human beings have made to their environment. For example, this disruption is seen in the behavior of new hatched sea turtles. Normally these animals emerge from the ocean and make their way to the ocean. In the absence of artificial light, the hatchlings use the moon’s light to guide them but with light pollution located near these beaches it distracts the baby turtles, confuses them and causes them to wander. Not only reptiles are affected by light pollution this disruption is also seen with insects. As many insects are drawn to light, artificial light can create a fatal attraction which then causes a decline in the insect population. This negatively impacts the species that rely on insects for food and pollination. Ultimately affecting food webs in various ways.

Light Pollution has adverse health effects for the living environment it includes two forms: glare and light trespass. These impacts include: stress, effect on mood and anxiety, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and the risk of cancer. Human have a hormone called melatonin, this hormone helps us sleep and creates a natural rhythm for sleep. Light pollution can affect human because there is a physiology process that occurs during the day and a certain one that takes place at night and they often work against each other when humans are affected by light pollution. According to an article written by Amina Khan, that is why working against our biological day-night clocks can result in many issues.

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Light pollution: A review of the scientific literature

Light pollution is the consequence of elevated lighting emitted by human-made artefacts to the lower atmosphere. Recently, there have been major advances in the assessment and mitigation of light pollution impacts on humans and the natural ecosystems. Severe negative impacts of light pollution have been highlighted while very few mitigation measures have been implemented. People (scientists, policymakers or stakeholders) interested in light pollution may not have a holistic perspective of the problem, and also there is a need for incorporating social and natural dimensions. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to review the literature on light pollution using ISI Web of Science by paying attention to the (i) type of publication, year and journal; (ii) impacts on specific elements; (iii) location and (iv) methods used. Our results indicated that the elevated number of papers come from a diverse range of disciplines, methods, places and scales. It is clear that light pollution is getting enough attention from the scientific community but decisions on the implementation of mitigation measures are left with the stakeholders, ordinary inhabitants, policymakers and politicians. Nevertheless, light pollution is having impacts on the health of humans and the natural ecosystem as perceived by experts and inhabitants having divergent perspectives. Thus, light pollution is multifaceted but difficult to be faced, mitigated and not holistically understood. This review paper groups the total impacts of light pollution on the Earth presents some contradictory results, summarises mitigation measures, and provides specific future research directions.

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Essay: Light pollution

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In this project we are going to discuss the subject ‘light pollution’. We will discuss the following topics:

What is light pollution
Causes light pollution
Effects of light pollution on individual organisms
Types of light pollution
Effect on astronomy
What will happen if all dark places would be gone

"Empire State Building Night". Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empire_State_Building_Night.jpg#/media/File:Empire_State_Building_Night.jpg

Globe at night – what is light pollution? http://www.globeatnight.org/light-pollution.php
Gizmag – http://www.gizmag.com/led-streetlamp/27246/
Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollution
Light pollution and the law – http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies/law.html
Light pollution – International Dark Sky Association – http://darksky.org/light-pollution/

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Light pollution is a risk factor for various illnesses: ‘We’re facing a global threat’

Exposure to exterior nighttime illumination affects our biological clock and sleep quality, and a recent study links it to an elevated chance of having a stroke.

In the mammoth illustrated book Stardust , in which Swedish author Hannah Arnesen reflects on the impact of being a human being on planet Earth, there are a few pages that collect fragments from the responses of a group of teenage students to the question, “What do you miss in life due to climate change?” Among the responses, there are two that point to the same problem. “Darkness,” one says. “ Being able to see that sky . Where I live, there is light pollution,” goes another.

That was no coincidence. According to numbers from the report The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness , published by Science magazine in 2016, more than 80% of the global population and nearly 100% of the U.S. and Europe live underneath skies that are contaminated by light . This has led to the disappearance of the Milky Way for six out of every 10 Europeans. On 88% of European land surface, residents experience nights with light pollution.

“Light pollution is a growing environmental problem. Every year, the illuminated portion of the Earth’s surface and the intensity of artificial light in the night sky grows by 2.2%. We are facing a worldwide threat that is growing very rapidly,” reflects Alicia Pelegrina, researcher at the Astrophysics Institute of Andalusia (IAA). In 2021, the Spanish National Research Council, through the IAA’s Sky Quality Office, participated in a study that showed that light pollution had increased by about 50% over the last 25 years.

Pelegrina, author of an essay entitled La contaminación lumínica (Light pollution), believes that the threat is not seen as such by those it impacts, and that we continue to associate artificial nighttime light with progress, wealth, security, beauty, entertainment, and wellness. “But let’s not fool ourselves, even if light pollution is not something you can touch, nor does it smell or make noise, it is contamination in the strictest sense of the word and constitutes a threat, and not just for astronomical observatories or for the balance of ecosystems. Although our understanding of the effects of light pollution on our health is still developing, it seems clear that our health is also at risk,” says the expert.

One new entry into the still-nascent body of research on the effects of light pollution on our health is a study that was recently published in Stroke , an American Heart Association journal, which for the first time links elevated exposure to artificial, bright and exterior nocturnal light (such as fluorescent, incandescent and LED lights) with a higher risk of having a stroke. For the study, authors reviewed data from more than 28,000 adults in the Chinese city of Ningbo, evaluating their exposure to nocturnal residential exterior light through satellite images that mapped light pollution. They found that people with higher levels of exposure to exterior light at night had a 43% higher risk of developing cerebrovascular illness as compared to those who had lower levels of exposure.

“Though it has several limitations, this study is innovative, shedding light on new risk factors of stroke and reinforcing existing evidence regarding air contaminants when it comes to the probability of having a stroke,” says Elena López-Cancio, secretary of the cerebrovascular diseases study group of the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN).

The specialist points out that there have been previous studies linking exposure to nocturnal exterior light with the risk of developing diabetes and hypertension — in addition to potential deleterious effects on our Circadian rhythms and nocturnal rest — and warns that “these are all known risk factors for stroke.” Other recent studies have linked light pollution to a significantly higher risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, and thyroid cancers.

Biological clock and sleep most affected

The presence of artificial light at night has, according to Pelegrina, two direct and immediate consequences in our body: the alteration of our biological clock and the suppression of the synthesis of melatonin, the sleep hormone. Its relationship to both seems clear. If our biological clock is fundamentally synchronized through the alternation between natural light and darkness over a 24-hour period, when a person is exposed to powerful artificial light at night, it will inevitably alter that functioning.

“When this synchronization does not occur, our Circadian rhythms are altered and our body enters into chaos,” says Pelegrina. That chaos, known as chronodisruption, has been linked in various epidemiological studies to a rise in both metabolic changes and cardiovascular illnesses as well as the risk of cognitive impairment, affective disorders, and accelerated aging.

Chronodisruption, adds María Ángeles Bonmatí, a researcher at Spain’s Center for Biomedical Research on Network Fragility and Health Aging (CIBERFES) and member of the work group on chronobiology at the Spanish Sleep Society (SES), also affects the synthesis of melatonin. “A very powerful light will indicate to our brain that it is still daytime, and that it’s not time to sleep yet. And since everything is related in physiology, sleeping less than our body needs brings with it alterations to our health that can lead to serious illnesses,” explains the scientist, who is the author of the Spanish language book Que nada te quite el sueño (Let nothing keep you awake).

But melatonin, adds Pelegrina, fulfills many other functions beyond facilitating sleep. “It’s an important antioxidant agent, prevents the growth of carcinogenic cells, and reduces the risk of the appearance of tumors,” says the expert, who points out that the hormone’s antioxidant powers are fundamental when it comes to stopping free radicals that cause damage to macromolecules like fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. As such, melatonin can alter key cellular processes such as membrane functioning, enzyme production, cellular respiration, etc., which can in turn impact the development of diseases such as arteriosclerosis — one of the triggering factors in strokes — premature aging, arterial hypertension, and senile dementia, among other conditions.

“Melatonin is only secreted at night, because it requires darkness. Due to the hormone’s important functions in our bodies, it is possible to say that artificial light is a very dangerous contaminating agent for our health,” argues Pelegrina.

Correcting urban over-illumination

Despite important advances in the reduction of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, like tobacco addiction, obesity and type 2 diabetes , “it’s important to consider environmental factors like light and air pollution in our strategies to reduce global rates of cardiovascular illness, particularly in the world’s most densely populated and contaminated areas,” Jian-Bing Wanger, researcher from China’s University of Zhejiang, recently told the American Heart Association.

Bonmatí shares this opinion. Though she acknowledges that it is not currently possible to categorically conclude that urban light pollution is a relevant — or the most relevant —factor when it comes to insufficient sleep, she says “there are plenty of reasons” to reduce the levels of urban light pollution. “Nowadays, cities are over-illuminated, not just by street lights but also, increasingly, by the installation of luminous advertising displays and other light sources that are unnecessary from the point of view of urban livability,” says the researcher, who supports public lighting plans based on real lighting needs and to “make the population aware of the possible harmful effects of over-illumination.”

Pelegrina agrees with this last point, underlining that she thinks that the first step towards reducing light pollution — and its impact on our health — should be making the public aware of its existence. “Light pollution is produced from misuse of artificial light, so solutions will have to come from looking at our ways of utilizing it,” says the expert, who recommends better and more sustainable lighting, avoiding direct light emission towards the sky, and limiting the hours that public spaces are lit. Lastly, she recommends using lamps with spectral ranges that are visible to the human eye, and avoiding white lights, since “those are the most dangerous to our light and for ecosystems, and are most dispersed into the atmosphere, hiding stars and causing problems for astronomic activity.”

More information

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Essay On Light Pollution

1. INTRODUCTION Pollution is the primer to contaminants into the natural environment that causes antagonistic change (Merriam Webster, 2010). Pollution can take the frame of chemical substances or energy like sound, warmth or light. Contaminants and components of contamination, can be either external substances(energies) or happening containments. The intended or unintended introduction as a result of human actions, of substances or warmth in to the water arrive which may be harmful to human well-being or the quality of sea ecosystem or terrestrial ecosystem specifically depending on ocean ecosystem, which result in harm to fabric property or which harm or meddle with amenities and other legitimate workers of the environment (The European …show more content…

Light pollution is the outcome of ineffective and unnecessary non-natural outside lighting (Chepesiuk, 2009). It is the alteration or degradation of natural light in the environment by the introduction of artificial lights. According to Hollan (2008), the change of light levels in the open-air environment, due to manmade sources of lights, indoor light is such modification of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of lights, that effects human well-being. Light pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in correspondence to the additional sound, carbon dioxide , etc. It’s the addition by people, directly or indirectly, of non-natural light into the environment. Such additions or introductions lead to adverse consequences (Marin & Orlando, 2009). 2.4.2 Sources- • Street lights • Commercial lighting • Yard lights • Road lights • Outdoor decorative lights • Light from Urban areas • Modernization & Industrialization • Sky glow, glare, trespass and over-illumination (Chepesiuk,

Rhetorical Analysis Of Paul Bogard's Misunderstood

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Paul Bogard's Let There Be Dark

At a time when "Let There Be Dark" was in vogue, Paul Bogard tries to get the audience to see how light can pollute the world. He uses diction as well as syntax to get his purpose by tying to persuade the audience to make changes or alternatives with their usage of lighting. Paul Bogard starts off with words that are captivating and that leave the audience thinking. When Bogard uses diction like "too much artificial...wrecking habit...blanket of light..." it makes the audience re-think the way they saw our planet. Also, when he instills the impact that light can have on us both positively and negatively on our bodies, it gets the people to see other perspectives.

Our Vanishing Night Analysis

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Rhetorical Analysis Of Let There Be Dark

By mentioning that life threatening disease may happen because of too much light and not enough darkness, this makes the reader think about their life and want to make a change. If somebody said “you’re eating too bad, if you want to live start eating healthier” you’re obviously going to want to eat healthier and make a change. That’s exactly the method Paul Bogard is using. He is using a scaring tactic by mentioning life threatening diseases that are caused by the lack of darkness he is trying to get you to make a change and agree with his argument. By saying “Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep” in paragraph three he makes the reader scared and aware of the dangers of using too much light.

Rhetorical Analysis Of Loss Of Darkness By Bogard

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Donnie Darko Lighting

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Examples Of Gothic Elements In The Fall Of The House Of Usher

“ The Fall of the House of Usher “ by Edgar Allan Poe is a short story about a man named Roderick Usher who initiates some events such as evoking his friend The Narrator as a protagonist to the dreadful mansion. The images such as the house and gothic ambience are used to reinforce the idea of giving the mystery to the reader. Edgar Allan Poe uses gothic elements to show how they affect the atmosphere and the characters. In the beginning , the gothic atmosphere of the house is indicated with terrifying images such as “ dull, dark and soundless ” that the feeling of horror vaccinated into reader by the thoughts of the narrator.

An Analysis Of James Elkins's 'How To Look At Nothing'

The author talks about what happens when there is not visible light in your environment when he says, “In the end, when there is nothing left to see, the eye and the brain invent lights.” This quote shows us that the brain and eyes cannot stand to not look at anything. In completely dark circumstances, our brains can create entoptic auroras that can seem real. Entoptic auroras are a phenomena that is produced when our brain creates colorful patterns and designs that we can see. I personally have seen these displays.

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Air Pollution California Essay

1. Introduction Air pollutin is a public health concern and it has been since the discovery of fire. Incidents and episodes of air pollution have been recorded throughout the history. Air pollution is divided into two, it is the indoor air pollution and the outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution is produced in households or at offices by pollutants such as tobacco smoke, household products or pesticides.

Marine Pollution Essay

Pollution is the introduction or release of substances or energy that decrease the quality of the marine environment. Many pollutants are toxic of harmful to marine life (Castro and Huber, 2010). South Africa is known around the world for being one of the most diverse marine environment in the world, with 83% of the known fish families residing in South Africa (Van der Elst, 2007). There are also many marine species that are endemic to South Africa, which means they are only found in South Africa. Almost 30% of the South African population lives on the coastline (Taljaard et al. 2006), which has led to the urbanization of the coastlines and which then led to the industrialization of these areas.

More about Essay On Light Pollution

Essay on Pollution in English

Pollution is a pressing issue affecting our planet. It involves the introduction of harmful substances into the environment, causing adverse effects on living organisms and the Earth’s ecosystems. In this essay, we will delve into the different types of pollution and their impacts.

Air Pollution

Air pollution is a major concern worldwide. It occurs when harmful gases and particles are released into the atmosphere. Factories, vehicles, and the burning of fossil fuels contribute to this problem. According to experts, air pollution leads to respiratory diseases and climate change.

Water Pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. It results from the disposal of industrial waste and chemicals. This pollution harms aquatic life and makes water unsafe for drinking and recreation.

Soil Pollution

Soil pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate the soil. Pesticides and industrial waste are common culprits. Soil pollution affects plant growth, reduces crop yields, and can lead to health problems when crops absorb contaminants.

Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is the excessive, disturbing noise caused by human activities, such as traffic, construction, and loud music. It can have adverse effects on our mental and physical health, including stress and hearing damage.

Light Pollution

Light pollution is the excessive or misdirected artificial light produced by streetlights, buildings, and other sources at night. It disrupts ecosystems, affects wildlife behavior, and can cause sleep disturbances in humans.

Effects on Wildlife

Pollution has a profound impact on wildlife. It contaminates their habitats, affects their health, and can lead to species extinction. Many aquatic animals suffer due to polluted waters, while air pollution harms birds and other airborne creatures.

The Role of Humans

Human activities, such as overconsumption and improper waste disposal, contribute to pollution. It is our responsibility to reduce pollution by adopting eco-friendly practices, recycling, and supporting clean energy sources.

Conclusion of Essay on Pollution

In conclusion, pollution is a global crisis that threatens our environment, health, and future generations. Air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution all demand our attention and action. To combat pollution, we must raise awareness, enforce environmental regulations, and promote sustainable practices. It is our duty to protect our planet and leave it a cleaner, healthier place for generations to come. Addressing pollution in English, as well as in every other language, is essential for a sustainable future.

Also Check: 500+ Words Essay on Should Plastic be Banned

Self-Assessment Essay

Post author By Susan Lin (She/her)
Post date May 16, 2024
No Comments on Self-Assessment Essay

Dear Susan,

It’s been a long and productive semester. In your English class, you managed to complete 6 major writing assignments (7 after this one). In these 7 assignments, you were able to meet all 8 of the course learning outcomes:

acknowledge your and others’ range of linguistic differences as resources, and draw on those resources to develop rhetorical sensibility
enhance strategies for reading, drafting, revising, editing, and self-assessment
negotiate your own writing goals and audience expectations regarding conventions of genre, medium, and rhetorical situation
develop and engage in the collaborative and social aspects of writing processes
engage in genre analysis and multimodal composing to explore effective writing across disciplinary contexts and beyond to include public audiences
formulate and articulate a stance through and in your writing
practice using various library resources, online databases, and the Internet to locate sources appropriate to your writing projects
strengthen your source use practices (including evaluating, integrating, quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, synthesizing, analyzing, and citing sources)

The first assignment was the letter of introduction. In this assignment, you introduced yourself, talked a little about my goals for the future, defined what sustainability meant to me, and why I have an interest in my major, biology. With this assignment, I was able to negotiate my own writing goals and audience expectations regarding conventions of genre, medium, and rhetorical situation. I decided to write in a narrative for the paper and I outlined my goals of the course.

The second assignment was the public service announcement project. This project was more collaborative and I got to work with three other classmates. The topic we chose was light pollution on birds. In this assignment, I was able to accomplish multiple of the course learning outcomes. One of the goals I achieved are developing and engaging in the collaborative and social aspects of writing processes because I was able to work together with multiple people and we each contributed our own thoughts to make one assignment. We all had to work together with our unique thoughts and split the work to make our video. Additionally, this project had you acknowledge your and others’ range of linguistic differences as resources, and draw on those resources to develop rhetorical sensibility. The final project had to be on a time limit so we had to decide the best ways to condense our words, but still have enough on the slides for it to be efficient. It was hard to put a little amount on the slides, but still get our message through. A third goal that was reached was to enhance strategies for reading, drafting, revising, editing, and self-assessment. This project required a lot of revision. One of these was presenting to the whole class and getting feedback from a real audience. There were many drafts of this project and at the end, we reflected on what we thought went well on the project. The self-reflection of this project was our third major writing assignment. We went through many assignments to lead to the final project to help us brainstorm our topic and gather research and find an organization supporting our topic. Another goal was using the internet to source and locate readings for this project. The last goal that was reached in this PSA project was engaging in genre analysis and multimodal composing to explore effective writing across disciplinary contexts and beyond to include public audiences. It was easy to write an essay about our topic, but finding ways to make it reach the public audience (CCNY students) was a little harder.

Our next assignment was the literature review to get us ready for the research paper. This was my first literature review and it was kind of hard. I struggled a lot, especially with looking for my sources. Since my topic was so specific, it was hard to find research supporting exactly what I needed. I actually changed my topic to the one I stuck to (the effects of creatine on human bodies). The first goal I reached in this assignment was formulating and articulating a stance through and in my writing. I had to explain why the topic I chose was important and a bigger issue than it may seem. I had to be persuasive in why further research was needed for my topic. I was also able to practice using various library resources, online databases, and mainly the city college online library. All the sources I had used were from the CCNY database making them more reliable.

My research proposal was about my plan for what I wanted to do about the use of creatine on our bodies. There were a lot of sources to be used and to make the paper more unique and more for me, I had to practice the last course goal, to strengthen your source use practices. I had to paraphrase and cite evidence from my sources all throughout my paper. I also used hyperlinks and definitions to help my paper reach audiences that are not in the science major and to those who may not understand the vocabulary I was using.

Lastly, I’m am proud of all the work I’ve have done throughout this semester. Every paper and the countless hours spent was worth it. I am proud of all my workpieces and am sad that this semester will be my final English course at City College, but I know this will not be my last paper. I hope to use all the skills I’ve learned in this course, even things I’ve learned about myself, in my future endeavors. I would also like to thank my Professor, Professor Carpenter, for her hard work to help all of us achieve all these learning outcomes. On to the next!

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Pollution Essay in English for Students

Essay on Pollution for Students

Being aware of pollution is quite mandatory for all the students these days. In order to become a responsible citizen of the world for future generations, every child should know how human activities are leaving an impact on the environment and nature. This topic is quite crucial. And, school children should learn how to write an interesting essay on ‘Pollution’ effortlessly. Take a glance below.

A Few Things to Keep in Mind:

Never ever hurry to write the essay.

Think properly and jot down your thoughts before proceeding.

Divide your write-up into a few segments such as - introduction, main body - you can make a few points as per the topic and a conclusion.

Try writing short paragraphs. Short and crisp sentences are also a great way to avoid silly mistakes.

Adding factual data wherever required is important such as year, date etc.

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Essay on Pollution

Introduction.

Pollution has become a very common yet serious issue in today’s world. It has been there in different forms since a long time even before human evolution such as volcanic eruptions, wildfire which lead to various photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. The current concern is that it is rising day by day due to various resources of pollutants. And, one of the main pollutants are humans and man-made machines. It is right to say that pollution is damaging the mother earth severely and we, humans, should play our part to prevent it from happening.

What is Pollution?

Pollution sepsis is the presence of contaminants in the natural environment that causes harm and damage and therefore leads to adverse changes.

Kinds of Pollution

There are mainly three kinds of pollution - 1) Air Pollution, 2) Water Pollution, and 3) Soil Pollution.

Air Pollution

Air Pollution occurs due to the presence of harmful gases and substances in the air. It is due to vehicle emission, dust and dirt, poisonous gasses from the factories etc. To reduce air pollution, we should use carpooling or public transport rather than using our private mode of transportation whose harmful gas emission only adds to the problem, we should also actively avoid burning trash or other materials etc.

Water Pollution

Water Pollution happens when toxic substances get mixed in various water bodies such as lakes, oceans, rivers etc. Here toxic substances refer to the Chemical fertilizer, Industrial waste, Sewage and wastewater, Mining activities, Marine dumping etc.

Soil Pollution

Soil pollution depicts the contamination of soil due to the presence of toxic substances due to Excessive use of fertilisers and pesticides, deforestation, industrial waste etc . To maintain the soil’s fertility, the government must limit the usage of fertilizers and plant more trees.

There are a few other pollutants causing pollution apart from the aforementioned ones, such as Radioactive pollution. This is one of the rarer types of pollution. It occurs due to the presence of radioactive substances such as the presence of nuclear waste in air, solids, liquids or any other place.

Effects of Pollution on Human Health

Pollution is increasingly having a major effect on the health of human lives. People are gettin g affected by different types of deadly diseases due to the various pollution in air, water and soil. Here are the different diseases humans face due to different pollution.

Due to Air Pollution

Air is an essential part of human life. Humans cannot live without breathing air. But, air pollution causes major damage to human lives. Here are some of the major diseases caused due to air pollution.

Lung cancer

Major coronary heart disease

Respiratory problems

Due to Water Pollution

Water is another source of life. Any living being cannot survive without drinking water. But the continuous degradation and pollution of major water bodies are also causing deadly diseases to humans and animals. It is also affecting marine life. Since water is consumed all the time, it’s pollution is causing a lot of deadly diseases. Some of the major diseases caused by water pollution are as follows:

Hepatitis A

Diarrhoea

Due to Soil Pollution

Soil is an important part of our lives. The land on which we are walking or travelling is made with soil. Due to all the chemicals mixed with the soil and degradation due to the same, it is inevitable that many harmful chemicals come in contact with our body and cause many skin diseases or in forms of food crops that are planted on such polluted soil. Direct contact can cause a lot of problems for us humans. Some of the major diseases caused due to soil pollution are as follows:

Different types of cancer

Damage of the nervous system due to contact with lead present in the soil.

liver and kidney failure

What are the Different Methods to Reduce Pollution?

The degrading quality of all the important elements like air, water and soil is affecting the lives of many children, adults as well as animals. We need to keep our environment safe and use effective methods to reduce pollution.

Methods to reduce Air Pollution

Some of the effective methods to reduce air pollution are as follows:

Regulation of air through chimneys: The industries should disintegrate the harmful gas from the air prior to its release from the chimneys. They should check and avoid using harmful gases, which are the major causes of air pollution.

Use of public transport or cycle: If you are travelling to distant places, it is recommended to take public transport. Or if you are going to any shops or buying any garment, it is always better to use your cycle. Public transport can take you to different places along with other people; this will help reduce air pollution. If you can cycle, it will reduce air pollution and another added benefit is that it will keep your health in check.

Reduction of fires and smokes: In the dry season, many people burn plastic, papers, dry leaves, which creates a big fire and smoke that creates a harmful layer of fog suspended in the atmosphere. It is better if you stop burning plastic to reduce smoke.

Methods to Reduce Water Pollution

Some of the effective methods to reduce water pollution are as follows:

Avoid disposing of plastic and waste materials: To keep the water free from any pollution, the first thing is to avoid disposing of any sort of plastics or food waste water material in water. The waste materials get dissolved in the water and harm the aquatic life along with those who drink the water.

Reduce use of chemicals: you should avoid purchasing harmful chemical products that can get mixed with the water and pollute it. The biggest examples are pesticides and insecticides, which causes a major effect on marine life.

Reduce use of detergents: Detergents have many strong chemicals which can cause the leather to water and wash your clothes. If these detergents get mixed with water, they can pollute the soil.

Methods to Reduce Soil Pollution

Some of the methods to reduce soil pollution are as follows:

Avoid disposing of harmful chemicals: The industries should avoid disposing of harmful chemicals in the soil. It can change the structure and components of the soil making it an unusable surface of land for vegetation.

Eat food in biodegradable containers: As you dispose of the food containers in dustbins, it is good to use biodegradable food containers despite using plastic containers, which are harmful to the soil.

Plant more trees: The structure of the soil can be improved by planting more trees. Trees help to hold the soil together and improve the soil quality. Hence we should plant more trees.

How to Reduce Pollution Gradually?

Upon learning about the harmful effects of pollution, it is everyone’s responsibility to take some steps towards prevention. We should be aware of all the possible preventive measures to help reduce every kind of pollution such as to curb air pollution, we should avoid bursting crackers during any festival or using public transport or carpool to reduce air pollution or cutting down the usage of loud loudspeaker, and public honking would help in noise pollution. We should always be aware of this situation and take measures accordingly. It’s us who should be cautious in the beginning and make everyone else surrounding us conscious as well. We should take eco-friendly steps like planting more trees, reducing the usage of plastic, using more sustainable products in the household etc. while talking about the pollution of the entire world, you should always remember that every small step will lead to a bigger impact one day.

In a nutshell, every kind of pollution leaves a huge negative impact on our environment, human lives, animals etc. We, as responsible citizens, must take steps towards a better tomorrow. We must join hands to take various initiatives and fight against this problem. A lot of innocent lives are put in danger due to pollution every day. If we don’t do anything from now on or take a stand to make the earth pollution-free, then the doomsday will be upon us very soon.

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Essay on Pollution for Students and Children

500+ words essay on pollution.

Pollution is a term which even kids are aware of these days. It has become so common that almost everyone acknowledges the fact that pollution is rising continuously. The term ‘pollution’ means the manifestation of any unsolicited foreign substance in something. When we talk about pollution on earth, we refer to the contamination that is happening of the natural resources by various pollutants . All this is mainly caused by human activities which harm the environment in ways more than one. Therefore, an urgent need has arisen to tackle this issue straightaway. That is to say, pollution is damaging our earth severely and we need to realize its effects and prevent this damage. In this essay on pollution, we will see what are the effects of pollution and how to reduce it.

Effects of Pollution

Pollution affects the quality of life more than one can imagine. It works in mysterious ways, sometimes which cannot be seen by the naked eye. However, it is very much present in the environment. For instance, you might not be able to see the natural gases present in the air, but they are still there. Similarly, the pollutants which are messing up the air and increasing the levels of carbon dioxide is very dangerous for humans. Increased level of carbon dioxide will lead to global warming .

Further, the water is polluted in the name of industrial development, religious practices and more will cause a shortage of drinking water. Without water, human life is not possible. Moreover, the way waste is dumped on the land eventually ends up in the soil and turns toxic. If land pollution keeps on happening at this rate, we won’t have fertile soil to grow our crops on. Therefore, serious measures must be taken to reduce pollution to the core.

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Types of Pollution

Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil Pollution

How to Reduce Pollution?

After learning the harmful effects of pollution, one must get on the task of preventing or reducing pollution as soon as possible. To reduce air pollution, people should take public transport or carpool to reduce vehicular smoke. While it may be hard, avoiding firecrackers at festivals and celebrations can also cut down on air and noise pollution. Above all, we must adopt the habit of recycling. All the used plastic ends up in the oceans and land, which pollutes them.

So, remember to not dispose of them off after use, rather reuse them as long as you can. We must also encourage everyone to plant more trees which will absorb the harmful gases and make the air cleaner. When talking on a bigger level, the government must limit the usage of fertilizers to maintain the soil’s fertility. In addition, industries must be banned from dumping their waste into oceans and rivers, causing water pollution.

To sum it up, all types of pollution is hazardous and comes with grave consequences. Everyone must take a step towards change ranging from individuals to the industries. As tackling this problem calls for a joint effort, so we must join hands now. Moreover, the innocent lives of animals are being lost because of such human activities. So, all of us must take a stand and become a voice for the unheard in order to make this earth pollution-free.

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FAQs on Pollution

Q.1 What are the effects of pollution?

A.1 Pollution essentially affects the quality of human life. It degrades almost everything from the water we drink to the air we breathe. It damages the natural resources needed for a healthy life.

Q.2 How can one reduce pollution?

A.2 We must take individual steps to reduce pollution. People should decompose their waster mindfully, they should plant more trees. Further, one must always recycle what they can and make the earth greener.

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Light Pollution Essay In English

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1. Light Pollution Essay In English 1. Step To get started, you must first create an account on site HelpWriting.net. The registration process is quick and simple, taking just a few moments. During this process, you will need to provide a password and a valid email address. 2. Step In order to create a "Write My Paper For Me" request, simply complete the 10-minute order form. Provide the necessary instructions, preferred sources, and deadline. If you want the writer to imitate your writing style, attach a sample of your previous work. 3. Step When seeking assignment writing help fromHelpWriting.net, our platform utilizes a bidding system. Review bids from our writers for your request, choose one of them based on qualifications, order history, and feedback, then place a deposit to start the assignment writing. 4. Step After receiving your paper, take a few moments to ensure it meets your expectations. If you're pleased with the result, authorize payment for the writer. Don't forget that we provide free revisions for our writing services. 5. Step When you opt to write an assignment online with us, you can request multiple revisions to ensure your satisfaction. We stand by our promise to provide original, high-quality content - if plagiarized, we offer a full refund. Choose us confidently, knowing that your needs will be fully met. Light Pollution Essay In English Light Pollution Essay In English
2. Who Controls The Past In George Orwell s 1984 In the 20th century novel, 1984 by George Orwell, Winston Smith is a pariah who dwells under a dystopian society which rules over its own people s emotions, past, uniqueness, and beliefs. The Party forbids affection for any other party member resulting in the obliteration of family or marriage. Throughout the novel, Winston tussles with the infrequent memories of his childhood repeatedly feeling penitence for his prior actions. Winston contemplates how the past must have been even to the point where he asks an older man. However, the key line of the novel, Who controls the past, ran the Party slogan, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past (Orwell 34), exemplifies the power that the Party implements in the minds of its people, and demonstrates the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... After having a frustrating conversation with an elderly man, Winston says, And when memory failed and written records were falsified when that happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested (Orwell 93). He understands how the Party intentionally deteriorates the minds of its people about time before the Revolution. Since the people do not remember life prior to the Revolution, then the Party s failures of pushing people to live in poverty and obliviousness is being mistaken by the people as success from their past. The Party uses the Ministry of Truth to rewrite and falsify records and books to depict that the Party is having success. The appearance of progression by the Party preserves the people from questioning their current positions. This concept illustrates the key line by showing that the control of the past by the Party ensures its fulfillment in the future, and demonstrating the psychological control by the Party throughout the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
3. Cultural Diversity Is An Undesirable Consequence Of... Loss of cultural diversity is an undesirable consequence of international interaction Introduction Loss of cultural diversity is an undesirable consequence of international interaction this statement can be explored by looking at a cultural element, more specifically the cultural element of Hollywood/commercial film. Culture refers to the behaviours, beliefs, attitudes and traditions shared by a group of people and that are passed on from one generation to the next. The integration of the world in today s society has resulted in the diffusion of culture through areas of transnational corporations, immigration, communications and transport. Diffusion is the spreading of something more widely, international interactions refer to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The cultural element of Hollywood/ commercial films has advanced through the technology and overall the changing values of today s society. Since the creation of the first Hollywood film studio in 1911 (Dangcil 2007). American films have started to impact viewing habits of audiences all over the world. Glocalisation refers to the adaption of a product or service specific to each locality or culture in which it is sold. Holly wood and commercial films have been glocalised around the world by integrating themes from places into the film as well as hiring actors from all around the world rather than just the United States. Evidence from the past 20 years shows that Hollywood is expanding its embrace to include actors from Hong Kong, scripts written from South Korea and production facilities in China and New Zealand. 50% of its revenue is now coming from abroad and expect to increase. Striving toward the billion plus viewers in China and India however Hollywood studios are operating in ways that include and reflect the diversity of the audiences of the world. Figure 1 shows the total released length on the U.S, British and French film markets from 1893 to 1992, although this data is from very early on in history it represents the way that countries began influencing other countries on film making and eventually each country reached a plateau of the average ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
4. Managing Negative Emotions After An Employee Layoff Dismissal Meeting: Managing Negative Emotions after an Employee Layoff For manager across the world laying off employees is the best way to lower cost when the economy or business declines. Laying off employee is a difficult decision and many times within companies or organization they will try other methods of cutting cost before deciding to lay off employee(s). It is very important for employers to be prepared when initiating a layoff. The factors that lead up to the decision of laying off the particular employee(s) must be addressed and explained thoroughly. Manager can be more efficient with tackling the purpose of the layoff if their explanation is supported with all the concrete facts along with performance reviews and documented coaching opportunities with the employee(s) in question. For example, if an organization has to layoff an employee(s) due performance issues, then the performance issues in the past should be documented. These documents will support and provide solid justifications as to why the decision is the best action for the business. However, sometimes employee(s) that are being laid off really could care less of what the best resolution to lower cost for the company is, because they are now unemployed. To some employee(s) being laid off might come as a surprise and unexpected. Once layoff is initiated the news can spread around the business like a wildfire and provide many negative emotions throughout the organization. Managing Negative Emotions ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
5. Environmental Analysis Of Hwy 19 ( Walmart ) On the above date and time, I was conducting an area, check of, 8701 Us Hwy 19 (Walmart) in my marked patrol vehicle when I smelled a strong odor consistent with marijuana coming from the West side of the grocery entrance. Upon approach to the West side of the business, I observed three white males squatting on the curb next to a green Jeep utility consuming alcohol from a dark color bottled labeled Bud Light. As I exited my patrol vehicle and proceeded toward the three subjects, the odor of marijuana became stronger. While present with the subjects Walmart Manager Kathleen Ritz arrived on scene and advised that she would like to have the subjects trespassed. Ritz further advised that all of the subjects had been drinking alcohol in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This information was confirmed in the Drivers and Vehicle Identification Database, (D.A.V.I.D.), and identified her as, Carly Scott. Scott advised she didn t know what was going on and had nothing to do with Jared or the other two unidentified subjects. Scott advised the vehicle was her fathers and that he was not in town at the moment. Contact was made with the subjected detained in the back of Officer Cox s patrol vehicle. The male subject identified himself as Jared s brother, Joshua Depew. Joshua s identity was confirmed using D.A.V.I.D. Joshua stated that if any marijuana was left anywhere it was his. Joshua further stated that this incident was his fault and that he needed a ride for alcohol, so his brother, (Jared) enlisted his girlfriend, (Scott), to drive to Walmart for him. Joshua kept stating that everything was his and to take him to jail, not Scott or Jared. When asked about the other unidentified male, Joshua was only able to provide a first name of, Joshua. Contact was then made with the male subject named Joshua in the back of Officer Hartmann s patrol vehicle. The subject advised that his name was Joshua Bene, and provided hid date of birth. This information was confirmed in D.A.V.I.D. and identified him as Joshua Bene. Bene advised that he was just along for the ride and alcohol. A search of the vehicle yielded negative ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
6. Snow White And The Huntsman Film Techniques The film Snow White and the Huntsman depicts the journey between the two main characters Snow White and Ravenna the evil Queen. Snow White, who is played by Kristen Stewart for majority of the film, has been locked in her slain father s castle for years. The character is imprisoned by her father s evil second wife played by Charlize Theron, whose now queen. The Queen also lives in fear of losing of her young appearance and uses the blood of virgins to restore it. She tests the success of this with the well known mirror on the wall. When the magic mirror reveals that Snow White is the source of her immortality, the queen seeks to kill Snow White. In Snow White and the Huntsman many patterns are used like the camera shots of the film, lighting and color. The pattern of camera shots is seen throughout the movie using close ups shots and wide range shots. For example, when Snow White fled from the castle and is chased by the Queen s horsemen into the Dark Forest, there are close up shots of medieval like armor enforcing the idea that the film is not in modern day and the action of the film will be done with weapons like swords and axes. Close up shots of Snow White and Ravenna dictates who is in power and who is not. The shots show Snow White wearing peasant s clothing, whereas the Queen wears jewelry, expensive clothes and a crown. Wide range shots are shown in film with vast plains, castles and battles giving a sense of realism to the setting. Lighting is another pattern ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
7. The War Of The American Civil War Essay The American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debated the cause of The American Civil Warfor over a hundred and fifty years. This is a very complicated question as history can be a matter of opinion sometimes. When looking at history, one of the most important tools you can have is written words from past men and women of the time. It is chiefly through books that we enjoy intercource with superior minds. In the best books, great men talk to us, give us their most precious thoughts, and pour their souls into ours. God be thanked for books. They are the voices of the distant and the dead, and make us their heirs of the spiritual life of past ages. William Ellery Channing an American preacher 1780 1842. Writings from the time will reveal the true history of the time. The writings of John C. Calhoun, Alexander Stephens, and Henry Clay, are three opinions that highlight the causes of the Civil War. One of the most important things to do when looking to the past is to look at works of literature from the influential people of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
8. Deuteronomy Controversy As we all know, Moses was perhaps one of the most influential characters in the Bible. With this being said, Deuteronomy has become an interesting book to study in the Bible. During this particular book, Moses is delivering the final speeches to the Israelites before they enter the Promised Land. However, there has been a lot of controversy with the placement of Deuteronomy. If we take a look at the book Numbers, the Israelitesare poised to enter the Promised Land. In the beginning of Joshua, they follow through with this action. Also, there are many scholars believe that the speeches of Moseswere written at a later time and then put back into his mouth. We can understand all of these questions through the documentary hypothesis and the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The constitutional model is slightly different than the documentary hypothesis. By definition, the constitutional model is the idea that the bible was once sacred document that has been modified and changed over time. However, while this serves as legitimate source for how the Bible came to be, it also contains fallacies. If we look at the book of Deuteronomy as an entirety, the amount of authors it took to write debunks the idea of how it was one sacred document. Yes, the Bible has been edited many times over the course of history, but it was never a single sacred document. The Bible took years to complete and even after the writings were finished, there were many editors that came together to put all the writings in their necessary places. With this being said, there are too many inconsistencies within the constitutional model. Deuteronomy serves as a perfectly due to its placement. While the speeches of Moses may be sacred, the placement of Deuteronomy demonstrates that the constitutional method is not entirely correct. Moses was not the only author of this book and his speeches could have easily been included in the book of Joshua or Numbers. Overall, the constitutional method does make a valid case, but I believe it does not serve as a convincing source to understand the many questions of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
9. The Importance Of Memory And Short Term Memory Memory to be process by which we encode, store and retrieve information. Each of the three parts of this definition, encoding, storage, and retrieval represents a different process. You can think od these processes as being analogous to a computer s emotion (encoding), hard drive (storage), and software that accesses the information for display on the screen. A momentary flash of lightning the sound of the twig snapping and the sting of a pinprick all represent stimulation of exceedingly brief duration but the may nonetheless provide important information that can require a response. Such stimuli are initially and fleetingly stored I sensory memory the first repository of the information the world present to us. Sensory memory can store information for only a very short time if information does not pass into short term memory it is lost for good. The information that is stored briefly in sensory memory consists of representations of raw sensory stimuli it is not meaningful to us. If we are too make sense of it and possibly retain it the information must be transferred to the stage of memory. Short term memory is the memory store in which information first has meaning although the maximum length of retention there is relatively short... (Hamilton Martin, 2007; prime jolicoeur 2010). Short Term Memory has incomplete representational capabilities: the specific amount of information that can be held in short term memory has been identified as seven items or chunks of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
10. A Historical Context That Changed Perspectives A.Historical context that changed perspectives. Before 1970 s, many criminological theories focused on the offender and motivations that leads to criminal acts. Cohen and Felson (1979) proposed a different aspect where they shifted the focus from offender and motivations to the criminal act itself and opportunities behind it (Andrews, 2004). One important aspect is that lifestyle theory by Hindelang back in 1978 and the routine activities theory by Cohen and Felson (1979) are merely the same. Routine activities could be seen as an expansion of lifestyle theory or as many authors do, as different versions of the same perspective. That shift of focus had two different explanations of crime along with it. First are historical explanations, which describe crimes through past events, and the second are situational explanations, which describe crimes incidents through circumstances. This approach utilized to describe group differences when it comes to victimization and trends in crime rates. From sociologists point of view, routine activities theory classifies normal activities and illegal ones and explains some odd associations between beneficial social change and increasing crime rate. It is important to know that routine activities theory is against the typical assumption that crime start from bad things (Osgood, Wilson, O Malley, Bachman, Johnston, 1996). B.Stages of theory development overtime. As previously discussed, Cohen and Felson (1979) proposed routine activities ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
11. World Study Guide Essay VU21481 Student Name: Yating Chang Student ID: GEC000007P Task1 1.Tahiti 2. a)The sea was dangerous. b)The winds did not always blow in the right direction for the sea travel. c)It was such a long way it was difficult to bring enough food and water. 3. a)Many people in Europe thought that in the Southern Hemisphere. b)It must be a great big country but no one really knew much about it. c)People loved the idea of sea adventures and new discoveries. d)England was very interested in setting up a naval base and supply post in the Southern Hemisphere. 4.Captain James Cook made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean. 5. 1)A Seaman 2)An astronomer 3)A mathematician 4)A cartographer 5)A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 3.Led irons were shackles placed around a prisoner s ankles joined by a chain to restrict movement. Prisoners who attempted to escape were flogged and locked in solitary confinement on a diet of bread and water. A prisoner being flogged was secured to the flogging triangle, their legs were tied to the base of the flogging post and their hands to the top. Their back was stripped bare and a protective leather kidney belt buckled around their waist to protect their vital organs. 4.Convicts and prison guards both are from Britain to Australia. Although their identity is not the same, but they are all go out of Britain people. If the convicts did not listen to prison guards, they have had punished, prison guards used this way to control prisoners. Prison guards had watch the prisoners of punctual work, lazy or sick. Have crimes of people one day, prison guards will be appearance. 5.Food: The daily ration for a convict in Fremantle equated to roughly: пЃ¶Half a litre of tea and a third of a kilogram of bread for breakfast. пЃ¶Half a kilogram of meat and half a kilogram of potatoes plus a bowl of gruel or oatmeal soup for dinner. пЃ¶Half a litre of tea and a quarter of a kilogram of bread for supper. Clothes: In 1862 the convict uniform consisted of: пЃ¶A leather belt пЃ¶Two pairs of boots
12. пЃ¶Four pairs of socks пЃ¶Four handkerchiefs пЃ¶Four cotton shirts and two flannel shirts. In winter, they received one fustian jacket and one duck jacket, a woollen vest and a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
13. How Companies Are Managing The Foreign Exchange Risk... 1.Executive Summary This paper discusses how companies are managing the foreign exchange risk through the use currency options. For instance, some companies who didn t not take risk management seriously had resulted in inefficient use of capital, increased liabilities, and reputation risk. Moreover, a lack of certainty can cause confusion as to what a company s acceptance of risk is, such as a level of acceptance. Without risk management, a company can become overconfident in its methods, which could lead to a financial crisis. The failure to objectively take risks leads to bad results like a company taking inappropriate risks not in the best long term interests of the firm. Furthermore, poor risk management in finance could amount to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In order to minimise the effect of the potential losses due to foreign currency exchange rate, it essential to understand the use of financial instrument. Foreign exchange risk consists of three main types of exposures. First, transaction exposure is when a firm has a contractual obligation under which it supposed to receive or pay a certain amount in a currency that is different than its home currency. Transaction exposure has an effect of the firm s income statement because the accounts payables or receivables can be affected by currency exchange rates. Second foreign exchange exposure is the translation which impacts the balance sheet of the firm. It occurs when consolidating financial statements of foreign units into a company s home currency. The third type of foreign exchange exposure is the economic which influences a firm s cash flows when exchange rates change. This type of exposure can impact assets, liabilities, or any type of anticipated foreign currency cash exchange. The starting point of any foreign exchange risk management plan is to identify the exchange exposure faced. In controlling the foreign exchange risk, currency options have attained acceptance as very helpful tools due to their exclusive nature. They are very critical and convey a much wider range of hedging alternatives. Call options provide the right to the buyer to purchase the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
14. Mecca Research Paper Ten articles about Mecca the holy city Mecca also known as Makkah in Arabic language is the holiest in the world city for Muslims. Mecca is birth place of prophet of Islam Mohamed [peace of Allah be up on him]. Mecca is the west side of Saudi Arabia in the Sirah Mountains. City is. Kaaba is located in mecca all devoted Muslims pray toward the Kaaba five times a day. Every year millions visit Mecca fro pilgrimage known as Hajj. A Muslim who is able to make trip financially and physically must make it ones in life time. City is going through a lot of changes. Mosque there the Kaaba is getting enlarged, so billions can pray in one time. While coming to city there is a big sign says only Muslim are allowed to enter the city. Nears air port ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Visitors were the source or revenue for the city. Making the journey wasn t easy for everyone only physically capable, and can afford financially use to make the trip. These days air and sea travel make the journey easer, and affordable for many. Last year 3 million from very country visited Mecca for hajj. Because the journey become for common for a lot of people the city is changing to accommodate the visitors. The grand Mosque is getting expanded, so millions can pray at same time. City infrastructure is expanding also a lot of hotels apartment blocks, and shopping malls are built to service the visitors. Sanitation is getting better for visitors, and residences. Transportation is also changing subways are getting built to carry visit from point A to point B. Most common history of Mecca begins in 2,000 BC when God ordered Abraham and his son Ishmael to build the Kaaba is Mecca. Kaaba is where Muslims face five times a day while praying. Mohamed [peace of Allah be up on him] was born in Mecca 570, and live there until he was thought out of it by his tribe in 622. Mohamed didn t like the idea of leaving Mecca his birth place, and city he loved so much. Mohamed come back to Mecca in 630, and took control of the city destroying all the idols around the Kaaba. He took the city back to its original image. Mohamed designated Mecca to be holy city were pilgrims come, and worship on one God the way Abraham and Ishmael attended to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
15. The US Patriot Act Introduction Americans have always held the rights and liberties close to their hearts. Ever since we became an independent nation. After the tragic events that happened on September 11th, 2001, Citizens of America began to ponder if some of their rights and liberties should be sacrificed to prevent such an attack in the future. National unity took over the country and Americans bonded and held each other up. They stood up in the face of terrorism and the Presidents approval rating soared through the roof (from 54% to nearly a whooping 86% which is the highest level it has ever been). Sadly, the American public rallied behind the Government and provided support for an Act that will come to violate their freedoms that they cherish so much. Congress drafted the US Patriot Act in only 45 days (which leads some to believe that it was already pre made and was just a combination of a wish list that the FBI had and was waiting for the right time to implement). Still filled with a sense of national pride and deeply scarred by the terrorist attacks which occurred on September 11th, 2001, americans accepted the Act to blatantly avoid being labeled unpatriotic in the eyes of their peers and government. Still, in the face of being labeled unpatriotic , many thousands of open minded individuals who saw what this Act could in the future openly question the Government though their cries where heard by mute ears. When the House sent the US Patriot Act to the Senate for approval in 2001, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
16. Master Harold and the boys Master Harold and the boys Inclusion in the Curriculum Essay In his masterpiece Master Harold and the boys, Athol Fugard has journeyed deep into sensitive issues including racism and growing up, without sacrificing the high technical standard that often distinguishes great theatre. The poignant and enlightening journey that is Fugard s piece undoubtedly deserves inclusion in any English curriculum, with the work s characterization, themes, conflicts and motifs all earning this distinction. With only three characters sharing dialogue and one of these playing a minor role, detailed characterization is a highlight of Master Harold and the boys. The major protagonist, Hally, is a white seventeen year old intended to be an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Thematically, Master Harold and the boys covers two sensitive and important issues, which are key to any education program. The first theme, which must be examined, is that of white superiority and racial segregation, instigated by the Apartheid system. Fugard, through the course of the play, makes it clear in subtle references that the white race is considered to be superior to the black in South African society. One such subtle reference is made when Hally says: Don t try to be clever, Sam. It doesn t suit you. (35). As the climax develops, Fugard begins to display this in more blatant dialogue, with lines such as He s a white man and that s good enough for you (53), reflecting the prejudice and segregation that plagued society at that time. A further example of Fugard s references to this issue of white supremacy is depicted when Sam attempts to convey to Hally the simple beauty of ballroom dancing, yet Hally dismisses it as mentally retarded (39) and the culture of a primitive black society (43). It is not until he puts aside this fa ade provided by white ideology that he can grasp the true worth of Sam s comments. The second major theme in the work is that of growing up, and doing this with the traps of society. Hally is a boy at the crossroads of childhood and manhood, and the opinions and ideals he learns at this point will likely shape the rest of his life. The society of white supremacy ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
17. Artificial Intelligence Of Medicine ( Aim ) 3.1 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Artificial intelligence in Medicine (AIM) [вЂЋ18,вЂЋ19] frameworks are expected to help healthcare laborers in the typical course of their obligations, supporting assignments that depend on the control of data and information. An AI framework could keep running inside an electronic therapeutic record system, and alarm a clinician when it identifies a contraindication to an arranged treatment. It could likewise alarm the clinician when it distinguishes situations in clinical information that recommend recognizable changes in a patient s state. Beside, processes that require inferring upon medicinal information, AI frameworks likewise have an altogether different part to play during the time spent in scientific examination. Specifically, AI frameworks have the ability to learn; hence they prompt the disclosure of new Phenotypes and create medicinal knowledge. For instance, AI framework can be utilized to investigate a lot of data, searching for complex relationships inside it that propose sudden correlations. Similarly, with a sufficient model of existing medicinal information, an AI framework can be utilized to show how another arrangement of empirical observations contrast with the current hypotheses. Knowledge based systems are the most widespread kind of AIM framework in classical clinical use. They contain medicinal knowledge, around a particularly characterized errand, and can prevail upon information from individual patients to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
18. Saint Ignatius Of Loyola Personal Writings The book, Saint Ignatius of Loyola Personal Writings, was translated by Joseph A. Munitiz and Philip Endean and first published in 1996. This book contains many aspects of St. Ignatius life, from his reminiscences to his spiritual exercises. Inigo Lopez de Loyola was born in 1491 in Spain, the youngest of 13 children. Inigo became a soldier at the age of 18 and began to refer to himself at Ignatius. Ignatius becomes a man obsessed with his image and a life of luxury until his conversion into a devout catholic. Saint Ignatius of LoyolaPersonal Writings tells the story of St. Ignatius early life obsessed with his image, and his transformation into his ultimate obsession with living a life dedicated to Christ, that I believe may have interfered with his growing relationship with God. St. Ignatius lived his life in vain. He was too concerned with his outward appearance, and his reputation among others. In battle, his legs were badly injured. Even through the excruciating pain, he made an effort to show no outer sign of discomfort. When his legs had healed, one leg was left with an unsightly misconfiguration from the healing of the bones. He underwent another, even more, painful surgery to fix his outer appearance. During his long recovery, St. Ignatius read about the life of Christ and the saints. As he learned more about the holy lives of the saints, St. Ignatius was converted and was determined to live a life the way Christ and the saints did. After St. Ignatius was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
19. Resistance Of Change And Change Management Resistance to Change NASA had a firm hierarchy and this brought about a lot of resistance to change from people. NASA could have gotten more of the people involved in the changes. I find that by getting people involved and having some key people or champions to support the change, there is less resistance. People want to feel involved and a part of decisions, especially if it impacts them directly. When it comes to successful change management, get people involved earlier, which will contribute to greater buy in and acceptance. Keep in mind that this should not be the sole solution for employee resistance; successful change management is about understanding the true nature of the resistance. Often times change management can be so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Change implementation entails identifying the structure as is, present problems, current process and its resources as well as how resources are coupled to the system. Deep thought process needs to be undertaken to see the impact of replacing systems, process, and resources with another one. Furthermore, before that an analysis needs to be performed identifying the possible alternative and how that will address the issue and improve the overall mechanism (Creasey, 2014). However, these analyses were not performed in this NASA episode. The recommendation was just laid over. As mentioned in the case study, there was a lot of pressure on the contractors and staff by keeping current schedules instead of revising and reducing some of the pressure. This statement clearly states that the primary issue of (as is issue) unrealistic flight schedules were retained, resulting in less focus on quality and heavy pressure on employees to perform. The managers still were the same and added outsourcing process, which became disastrous as they were not monitored and controlled enough. Did the change actually happen? The answer is a typical no. There was one more disaster, now Columbia shuttle. The Primary reason behind that is again unrealistic schedule planning, leading to low focus on quality and high pressure. Management did not encourage people to communicate about ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
20. Elizabeth I Has Been Hugely Overrated Essay How far do you agree that Elizabeth I has been hugely overrated? Elizabeth I is one of the most portrayed monarchs in television, theatre and films, and polls have named her the best known and most admired English monarch . However, academic opinions fluctuate greatly1. The state of England the moment Elizabeth ascended to the throne was far from ideal, she had to face the consequences of her half brother and half sister s reigns and arguably did so. She reigned for 45 years, in times plagued by risk of invasion, inflation, rebellions, economic depression and religious discord among other difficulties. Her death was lamented by some and met with relieve by others. Owing to her illegitimate status and being the third in line to succeed the throne, it was highly unlikely that Elizabeth would ever become Queen of England.3 Nevertheless, she succeeded her sister Mary in 1558. Upon taking the reins, she found herself amidst a myriad of problems; from war with France to tension between religious factions. It is said that Elizabeth was well aware of the complicated situation she was faced with, described wryly by a contemporary observer: The Queen poor; the realm exhausted; the nobility poor and decayed; want of good captains and soldiers; the people out of order; justice not executed; justices of peace... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Her father, wishing for a male heir to the throne and so far unable to produce one, had her mother executed under the false charges of adultery and high treason and had his marriage with her annulled, thus turning the 2 year old Elizabeth into an illegitimate child. For most people, however, she had always been an illegitimate child, since her mother was Henry s second wife and his divorce had been a controversial subject which had enormous consequences upon religious history in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
21. Similarities Between Watergate And Watergate On January 20, President Donald J Trump was at his inauguration looking at his crowd of followers. While he has been accused of many things, he still has the same face he always had during his campaign only this time as president. He won the battle against Hillary and will accomplish everything he promised. While many just hate him, some may have noticed some similarities between him and another controversial president. Two similarities between Watergate and Russia investigation are that both denied all accusations from the press and focused on attacking the opposite party instead of the real important issues. One major difference between Watergate and Russia investigation is that in Watergate the press helped find out what was going on while in Russia investigation the press is considered fake news by the president and many gullible people. In Watergate and the Russia investigation, government officials and the president denied all accusations. Press secretary for Nixon said that the break in was a third rate burglary (The Watergate Story np). President Trump criticized people who accused him of winning unfairly in the election on his greatest weapon: Twitter. Both Donald Trump and Richard Nixon attacked the Democratic Party. People who worked for Nixon broke into Democratic Headquarters and Trump directly attacked Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in every debate. Finally, Watergate was solved with the help of the press. In 2017, the press is being attacked and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
22. Larkspur Middle School Research Paper Do you remember the pep rallies from sixth grade? Remember how we sixth graders could not wait until seventh grade to sit on the bleachers instead of the gym floor? Back in 2013, Larkspur Middle School got rid of pep rallies since it was a safety hazard to have too many people in the gym at the same time. Instead, they replaced pep rallies with spirit parades, so teams parade around the school for about fifteen minutes and basically back up the whole school day. I think the best way to bring school spirit back at Larkspur is to get rid of spirit parades, bring pep rallies back, and hold them outside. First of all, spirit parades take too long and the hallway gets crowded quickly. When all the classes were lined up along the lockers, it always got hot so fast. We had to stand up for about fifteen minutes while being squished together. For example, it took a while for it to start, and it only lasted for about five minutes. Spirit parades effected teachers, too. These parades cut into valuable class time. Plus, teachers had to wait for their students who were in the parade to come back. Spirit parades were probably worst for elective teachers and eight grade students and teachers. First elective classes like academic support,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The main reason why Larkspur had to get rid of pep rallies was because the gym was too packed. There were not enough seats in the gym, so sixth graders had to sit on the floor, while seventh and eighth graders had to sit on the bleachers. The crowdedness of the gym really had an effect on the departure of leaving the gym. All the classes had to leave one by one through the maze of all the students. This led to the fire department safety rule of only having a certain number or people in one place at one time since it is a fire hazard. If a fire were to occur in the gym, then there would only be about seven exits. These exits would not be easy to access since the pep rallies were only on one side of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
23. Why Is Protective Gear Important Protective gear are available everywhere for a reason. Although protecting teeth during a sport or an activity may seem insignificant, it is important that students do what their parents and coaches ask them to put on as a type of protection. Not only would it protect them while they play, but it would make the game safe for everyone else. Mouthpieces are a type of protection that are found in activities such as hockey, football, wrestling and boxing. The soft plastic device is designed so that it fits the mouthof the player and that it doesn t cause harm in the gums, cheeks, tongue or even jaw. For example when two players collide with one another, the mouthpiece limits the damage when the forces of the teeth come in contact with ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
24. David Hume s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Essay David Hume s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion provide conflicting arguments about the nature of the universe, what humans can know about it, and how their knowledge can affect their religious beliefs. The most compelling situation relates to philosophical skepticism and religion; the empiricist character, Cleanthes, strongly defends his position that skepticismis beneficial to religious belief. Under fire from an agnostic skeptic and a rationalist, the empiricist view on skepticism and religion is strongest in it s defense. This debate is a fundamental part of the study of philosophy: readers must choose their basic understanding of the universe and it s creator, upon which all other assumptions about the universe will be made.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... When they are young, they will be taught about the supremacy of religion and the fallibility of philosophy and science. Demea s theology resembles the god of the gaps perspective, where any failings of science and philosophy is more reason to believe that God exists within the things we cannot explain. He hopes that as his students learn of this, they will believe that the paramount objective of their education is to learn the nature of God, who is most important and constant being in the universe. To summarize, Demea believes that humans will never fully understand the universe; thus, the failure of science to provide explanations is the greatest proof of God and greatest justification for faith. Philo heckles the ideas of Demea while imposing his own ideas. As an empiricist and a skeptic, he calls to let us become thoroughly sensible of the weakness, blindness, and narrow limits of human reason. (131) Philo believes that because humans have been historically ignorant about science and the universe, that humanity ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
25. Women Objectification By Jennifer Aniston The issue of women objectification in media has gained a new meaning when Jennifer Aniston wrote her essay which was provoked by the news about her possible pregnancy. She appealed the mass media claiming that they should stop writing about women body and appearance. In this sense, the objectification mean sexual objectification . By itself, the objectification does not only apply to women, and it is not just about appearance. For example, the employee is also an object, as he/she seeks to sell his/her work, and employers choose which workers are more profitable to rent. Basically, the word objectification is used only in relation to advertisingthat is not quite right. This phenomenon is quite extensive, and if try to enumerate all... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Of course, it is often accompanied by low self esteem (and problems provoked by that), eating disorders, not always successful plastic surgery and a lot of wasted effort, money, and time. Even it is called self objectification, it is clear that some subjectivity remains in man always. It turns out, that in the man with self objectification there simultaneously aligned the self awareness as the subject, and the acceptance of the role of the object. It happens like this: a person realizes that he /she has a function (for example, cooking, or emotional support); understands that there are people who need it; and does it for them to get an approval or to receive some bonuses without any internal motivation. The actions with the internal and external motivation may not be different outwardly, but in fact this is a huge difference between self objectification and action for yourself. For example, there are two girls sunbathing topless on the beach. One of them doing it knowing that her appear is attractive to others and she will get their approval, when the second do that because she wants an even tan or something ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
26. Career Path of a Surgeon Introduction The career path as a surgeon is a physician who specialises in a specific treatment of injury, disease, or deformity through operations. Surgeon s correct physical deformities, repair bone and tissue after certain impairment, or perform defensive surgeries on patients with a major disease or disorder. The changing nature of surgeons has changed in expeditious manner during the past 20 30 years and yet is still planning to change dramatically over the future. The job demands of a surgeon keep increasing due to having such a large population, as the population grows the demands of surgeons will only increase as the population increases. There are 32 different major types of surgeons some of them include: Brain Surgeon, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The surgery industry is a male dominated and a lot of employers believe women can t handle the job due to high stress level in comparison to what males can. Women are trying to fight this ridiculous sexist and make it an equal opportunity for both genders. However, it will happen in duration of time. The results show that in 2006 males had 67.8 of fulltime jobs, whereas women had a small amount of 11.3% Figure 1.2. | Job growth is expected to expand throughout the future years especially in 2014 due to the health care is extended to expand at a rapid rate. Referring to figure 1.2. Below the statistics show the historical employment rates in a hundred thousand figures. Figure 1.3. The graph shows that in 2000 the employment rate for surgeons was at 23,000 and in 2009 increased rapidly to 64,000. Whereas, in 2011 the rate dropped back down to 56,000. The employment rates are always a surprise but due to population and more health care needed the rates are guaranteed to increase. The role of OHS amp;W in the workplace Occupation Health Safety and Welfare stands for (OHS amp;W.) OHS amp;W helps protect the safety and welfare of employees in their workplace. OHS amp;W in the medical industry includes * Including and providing information, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
27. Separation Anxiety Disorders There are several treatment options for separation anxiety disorder in children. The golden standard treatment of separation anxiety and other anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy, also known as CBT (Ehrenreich, Santucci, Weiner, 2008). There are a couple of goals for this approach that involve both the child and parent (James, James, Cowdrey, Soler, Choke, 2015). These researchers state that one of the goals is for the child to be able to recognize their own anxious feelings and their physiological responses when they experience anxiety. Another goal is for the child to have an ability to identify and control their thoughts during experiences that are anxiety provoking for them. Therapists want children with separation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Also, referrals can be made by the therapist for different mental health services, since individuals who end their CBT treatment often worry that they ll have the same symptoms. These services will be helpful for children and adolescents with separation anxiety disorder, since there are high risks of suicide within this population (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). There are different procedures for CBT that can help children with separation anxiety disorder. A procedure within this therapeutic approach that is proven to work for children and adolescents with separation and other anxiety disorders is systematic desensitization, which is an intervention that decreases anxiety and fears within an individual (Friedberg McClure, 2015). The process usually entails experiencing something that is anxiety provoking to a client and pairing it with a calming technique such as relaxation. For this intervention to be successful, hierarchies of anxiety for the client must be established so that they are being met and all aspects of anxiety must be understood by the therapist. A cognitive treatment in CBT is imagery, which is a form of relaxation that is used for decreasing stress and providing relief to the individual (Cully Teten, 2008). This intervention focused on the individual to gain back physical, emotional, and cognitive control of their thoughts, and is really affective for forms of anxiety. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
28. Gender and Ethnicity in Medicine Gender Ethnicity in Medicine Question No. 1 As per the available literature, the possible disciplines showing are epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, research outcomes and clinical research. In these categories of management research, endocardinology, cardiology and neurology are the main areas where sex / gender differences are most visible. In order to make one aware of the gender differences that exist in major areas of medicine, it is necessary to make one s self aware of the research that is currently taking place and stay up to date. Since there are various studies to establish which areas of medicine have been subjected to gender differences, therefore, going through research papers that would entail the necessary statistical adjustments would make the medical practitioner aware of the areas where these differences have been actually exercised. As per research conducted by Prigione et al. in 2010, various areas of medicine and the respective research statistics have proved the discrepancies in the various areas of medicine concerning gender differences. Making one s self aware of these trends would help the medical practitioner aware of the recent models. Question No.2 In developed and developing parts of the world, chronic diseases have been having morbid effects on the health of general population. Especially as far as, cardiovascular diseases are concerned, major risks have arise due to excessive tobacco intake, unhealthy diet, lack of physical ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
29. The Influence Of The Crusades Christians and Muslims fought in a series of wars for nearly 200 years to gain control of the Holy Land, Jerusalem. Christians wanted the Holy Land because that was where Jesus, who they believe was the Savior of the world and the Son of God once lived. The Muslims also wanted the Holy Land because that was where they believe that Muhammad, the founder of the religion of Islammet with previous prophets and led them in prayer. Jerusalemis known as the land of many prophets and is perhaps the only city in the world that is considered historically and spiritually significant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. Under these circumstances, most people argue that the Crusadeswere caused primarily of religious devotion. Whereas, others argue ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
30. Risk and Child CCYD 11U CD children and young people s workforce Daniella Ovens Contribute to young people s health and safety MU2.4 An identification of the lines of responsibility and reporting for health and safety in the work place. 1.2 At my nursery these are the lines of responsibility. All staff is responsible for health and safety in nursery settings. Manager or deputy manager have the most responsibility and room leaders are responsible for the health and safety in their rooms any accident must be reported to your room leader immediately any broken toys must be removed at the discussion of the manager or room leader. Rooms, outdoor areas must be checked at the start of the day and end of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Any visitor that is on the premises should always have a member of staff with them and to have signed a visitors book and to have a visitors badge on show at all times during their visit and if they haven t they should to be challenged Emergency incidents In any emergency incident that occurs in the nursery setting manager, deputy manager, and room leader must be alerted in the first instance call emergency services try and keep the other child calm and all depending on what the emergency is egg a child falling off a climbing frame I would calm the child down alert senior member off staff make sure the child can hear me let them they are going to be fine and administrate any medical attention e.g. a cold compress and if in the instance the injury that is obtained is a serious injury call 999 try and keep all other children in a space where it is safe for them to be and to keep them calm reassure them the injured child is fine and all will be ok alert parents as soon as possible. . This is my nursery policy for a missing child on site In the event of a child going missing in our care in the nursery setting these actions will be implemented immediately firstly we will check the register to see if the child has been collected if the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
31. Jonathan SwiftвЂ™s Essay A Modest Proposal, and Voltaireв Ђ™s... There are two vastly differing works of literature that employ similar elements of satire, whether the story is long or short, essay or novella. In these two works, the authors bring light to ongoing social, political, and philosophical issues of their time and age. The two works I am referring to are Jonathan Swifts satirical essay, A Modest Proposal, and Voltaire s novella, Candide, or Optimism. In both A Modest Proposal and Candide, there is a portrayal of irony, cold logic and reasoning rather than emotion, and misguided philosophy. Exploring the issues within these texts can implement a better understanding of not only the literature itself, but also the historical context and the issues of the time. By delving even deeper into... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This can also be seen when Pangloss churns out philosophical discourse rather than obtaining the oil and wine Candide was begging for after the shipwreck and the earthquake. Alas! said he to Pangloss, get me a little wine and oil; I am dying. This concussion of the earth is no new thing, answered Pangloss. The city of Lima, in America, experienced the same convulsions last year; the same cause, the same effects; there is certainly a train of sulphur under ground from Lima to Lisbon. Nothing more probable, said Candide; but for the love of God a little oil and wine. How, probable? replied the philosopher. I maintain that the point is capable of being demonstrated. Candide fainted away, and Pangloss fetched him some water from a neighbouring fountain. On the other hand, the speaker in A Modest Proposal has immaculate knowledge of his country s financial situation, overpopulation, and famine. He demonstrates this knowledge through careful calculations of how to handle the proposal that he is making. However, there is no use of emotion or empathy in making these calculations computations; there is no thought of the moral implications of this proposal and the fact that this can be considered mass genocide based on social class. Rather, the speaker uses objectivity and cold calculations to demonstrate his principle. Both texts demonstrate, as well, a misguided philosophy of sorts as seen through the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
32. My Philosophy And Rationale In The Classroom Philosophy and Rationale The assertiveness is a clear affirmation that both teachers and students are to be treated with respect (Purkey, 2004, p. 100). My philosophy within the classroom, is creating and maintaining a sense of respect; a classroom where a mutual respect between myself and the students is seen among all who enter the classroom environment. However, with this sense of mutual respect, students should understand that if misbehavior does occur, all students will have a voice, but I have the ultimate decision of choosing the route we take to ensure that this misbehavior does not occur again. I also want students to be self aware; understanding that they are in control of their own lives and that I respect them enough to let them make their own rational decisions. Another key component in my philosophy of the classroom, is getting to know the students on a personal level. I want to know about their families, the sports they play, the foods they like to eat, the friends they have, and/or the church they attend. Based on personal experience, when a teacher takes the time to know you outside of the classroom, a great bond is built. When the bond is built, a sense of trust in created between the teacher and student. I want my students to trust me, respect me, but know that I believe in them to make decisions that are beneficial for themselves; through this, I will respect my students, listen to them, and support them in the decisions they make. If we set ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
33. Never On A Sunday, By Companies Like Mccoy s Building... Never on a Sunday is a case study that discusses the philosophy carried out by companies like McCoy s Building Supply and Chick Fil A. Both of these organizations are perfect examples of Organizational or Corporate culture defined as a system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that develop within an organization that guides the behavior of its members (Schermerhom, Osborn, Uhl bien, Hunt, 2012, p. 348). At McCoy s for example Managers are asked to concentrate on service related issues Managers focus more on the items in store and customer service and the majority of their administrative workload is handled through headquarters (Schermerhom, Osborn, Uhl bien, Hunt, 2012, p. 353). Working as a manager myself that really sounds like a great method of management. There are many times where my boss and the rest of the management team where I work struggles. Keeping up with all the administrative duties and the store at the same time can be really trying and is a never ending workload. This makes neither one of them get the attention they require and more often than not we find ourselves trying to do just enough administrative work and just enough floor work to get through the day. Additionally, the management teams meet regularly to discuss products and other important aspects that impact the stores. Sometimes in my line of work we wish that we had the opportunity to meet and discuss new ideas and products that could improve our stores. In reading the Never on Sunday ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
34. Supervisor Skills Essays Six Skills to Successful Supervision Supervisors are an important part of any organization. They are charged with ensuring the will of management is carried out by the workers. A supervisor must communicate with that team. He or she must orient and train the employees. Their employees must be made to work as a well functioning, productive team. Employees must have the performance evaluated. Any conflicts that arise must be resolves and the working relationship must always be improved. Communication Well performing teams can not be built without good communication. A good supervisor must possess the ability to relay clearly their own thoughts, listen to the ideas of others and ensure the will of management is executed. Excellent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This is done by restating the key points of the speaker. Restating will show the speaker that he or she is being listened to which will improve the rapport and further enhance communication. The speaker will also have the opportunity to clear up any misunderstood points. Paraphrasing will also aid in remembering the conversation for later. Determining Effective Orientation and Training Methods The first day of work can be intimidating for anyone; even for those who have been in the workforce for many years. Nervousness, while not unusual, can be detrimental to the goals of a company. Taking the time to ensure all new employees are acquainted with their coworkers and surrounding can reduce insecurity and boost moral. A thorough training program will also help to eliminate mistakes, ensure procedures are followed and increase employee confidence. Orientation should be held on the first day. Employees should be given an opportunity to introduce themselves and learn about the others that are being going to be in orientation with them. This will help them relax and feel more comfortable asking questions. This is a good time to take care of paper work. Payroll and tax forms should be filled completed as well as any other necessary documents. This is also a good time to discuss the company and its plans. The employee should also be introduced to the hierarchy of the company. This will allow them to see where ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
35. Command Center Journey 1.Two young boys are officially assumed to be dead by the Coast Guard, and we ve suspended our search. My pulse slowed, my breathing stabilized and my pace slowly quickened. The music in my headphones is ambient; words interrupt my concentration and I need to be able to focus and reflect. There are cars on the bridge backed up for a half mile, filled with people, but I don t see their faces. Blurring aqua marines and concrete colors fill my vision, but I am not seeing any of it. As the music and the pounding of my footfalls fall into synchronization, what I see is faces. Not the faces of the two boys, however, the faces I see are the faces of my people in the Command Center. We did everything we could, but sometimes, despite the best... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Success is not a mountain peak, nor is it the finish line. Success is persevering in the journey. That s important to remember in a Command Center, because everyday a dozen missions are planned, many cases worked, a multitude of details attended to and a legion of challenges to be sorted. In this journey is no finishing, there is no summit. Achieving success in a Command Center is a marathon without end, a 24 hour a day race against failure, and success is possible only through the unified belief of those undertaking the effort that their actions matter, that what they are doing is personally and professionally meaningful. Overtime, the constant flow of cases can erode morale like a river carving a canyon. Chasms can appear in the confidence and motivation of the watchstanders, which is a recipe for failure. This is where the third and final pillar of my leadership philosophy comes into play: Vigilant Inspiration. To combat the grinding down of the most important element in the Command Center, the will of the watchstander, requires vigilance and constant recognition to maintain the motivation of my people. Enthusiasm is a delicate flower that flourishes in a harsh environment only with care and vigilance, encouragement, praise, and the belief that we have each others success as our priority. To this end, I must be vigilant to praise whenever it s merited, to document positive performance, and to connect on a personal level with my people to find out what makes them tick. Only through knowing my people, am I able to perceive when they are struggling with a deficit of motivation, burnout, or ennui. Only through showing them that I care about them personally am I able to earn their trust. Only through having their trust am I able to earn their respect. Only through having their respect am I able to make praise meaningfully. This is Vigilant ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
36. Fitzgerald s Use of Language in The Great Gatsby Essay In the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses tone, diction, syntax and imagery to voice Nick s perception of the world around him. In this passage his use of language is used repetitively to convey Jordan Baker, Daisy and Tom Buchanan s lives. On the outside it may look like they all are living a perfect and ideal life, however Fitzgerald s illuminating use of language highlights how far from perfect their lives truly are. When he first walks in Nick judges Tom and Daisy s lives based on the appearance of the house, perfect and romanticized, yet he soon learns that this first impression is an overstatement. Nick s use of diction such as fragilely bound (12) and French windows (12) connote that their lives may look perfect on the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... (12) shows Tom?s authority and the how gender roles affected everyone back in the 1920?s. Tom?s overpowering demeanor hides his actual self, he has a strong aura around him which suggests his authority on everyone around him, making him a kill joy. В¬ A very important motif in this passage is the color white. Nick states white in two different meanings, at the beginning of the passage ?white? is used to reflect elegance and purity but as Nick spends more time the ?white? in the house he learns that the color symbolizes the stereotypical faГ§ade that every character is hiding behind, a dull, vacuous, and bland guise. Fitzgerald uses white to express the many personalities, such as those of Daisy and Jordan. Interestingly, the white appearance would imply purity and innocence, which are, unfortunately, words that can not be remotely associated with either one. They can?t be associated with Daisy and Jordan because they both are the exact opposite of purity and innocence. Daisy is purely corrupted by money and society, her ?absurd, charming little laugh? (13) connotes her fakeness. Nick views Jordan as an arrogant and proud woman, he sees her as someone who?s trying to exude her independence, however she seems insubstantial. When describing Daisy, Nick uses the word ?bright? (13 14) repetitively to suggest her flashy personality, like Tom she too has an aura around her that make people, especially men, drawn towards her almost like a siren. With ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
37. Diagnosis Of Agoraphobia And Panic Disorder Currently, I believe Barbie separately meets all criteria for both diagnosis of Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder. According to the DSM 5 this specific comorbidity is not unlikely and the following criteria for both diagnosis will be discussed as followed. The specific diagnostic criteria for Agoraphobia included sections A I. Criteria A states that the individual must exhibit marked fear or anxietyfor two or more situations and Barbie currently meets number one and three; which describes the anxiety she experiences with the thought of the use of public transportation such as a subways or bus and being in enclosed places such as the movies. Criteria B is met because it is evident in the narrative that Barbie fears these situation because... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Criteria F states that the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for six months or more. Barbie currently has a history of anxiety dating back three years. Criteria G states that the fear, anxiety, or avoidance has to cause clinical significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. According to the narrative, Barbie describes how she is beginning to experience difficulty focusing on her job and her WHODAS scores (which will be later discussed) significantly support this specific criteria. Criteria H does not pertain to Barbie due to her not having a history with another medical condition. The last criteria for Agoraphobia is finally met because Barbie s symptoms is not better explained using another mental disorder. As stated above, the client currently meets a separate criteria for an additional diagnosis of Panic Disorder and the following criteria A D is discussed. Criteria A describes how the individual must first exhibit unexpected panic attacks that reaches peak within a few minutes and during which time the client must experience four or more symptoms. Barbie currently has a history of more than five unexpected episodes that peak and last less than ten minutes. Also, during those times Barbie ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
38. Chlamydia Trachomatis Research Paper Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of sexually transmitted disease in humans and is a widespread public health concern because of their high prevalence. Worldwide, an estimated 90 million sexually transmitted C. trachomatis infections occur each year ( Global Prevalence and Incidence of Selected Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Estimates; World Health Organization, Geneva, 2001). Among Chlamydia infected women rates of 60 70% of the patients are not aware of their infection as in most cases infection remains asymptomatic [2,3], highlighting the public health impact of this disease. Thus, detection of infected patients relies mostly on screening. However, despite the major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... trachomatis is classified into two biovars: the trachoma biovar which includes ocular and urogenital strains (A K) and the LGV biovar (L1 L3) [21]. Trachoma strains are characterized by localized infection, while serovars A C cause infection of the epithelial surface of the conjunctiva, serovars D K are responsible for infections in the urogenital tract, especially in the endocervix [22]. Chlamydiae have a unique biphasic developmental cycle, which alternates between two distinct morphological forms, the elementary bodies (EB) and the reticulate bodies (RB) (Moulder, 1991). When infection occurs the EBs, which are metabolically inert, attached to and stimulate uptake by the host cell. Upon entry, the internalized EBs remain within a membrane bound, host derived parasitophorous vacuole, termed an inclusion, where they differentiate into larger, reticulate bodies that are non infectious but metabolically active form, called RBs [24 26]. The RBs undergo proliferation by binary fission and inclusion growth, and after 8 to 12 rounds of multiplication, the RBs convert back into EBs. At 30 84 hours post infection (PI), depending on the infecting species the infectious EBs progeny are released from the host cell, which is going through lysis, to attach the neighboring cells and initiate another cycle. However, under stressful growth conditions caused by immunological response, antibiotic treatment or nutrients starvation [27 33], the developmental cycle is disturbed and the EBs convert to enlarged, aberrant, non infectious bodies (AB), until the stress factor is removed [25]. This in vitro state that was defined by viable but non cultivable Chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, non dividing, aberrant RB which is generally reversible to yield infectious EB is called chlamydial persistence [26,27]. Although a lot of data exist about chlamydia persistence in vitro and in murine models, not much is known about persistence in vivo and requires further ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
39. Impact Of The French And Indian War On The British Government IV.The Impact on the British The impact of the French and Indian War on the British government was a positive move toward the dominance of Europe after the defeat of the French in terms of the colonization of North America. During this time, the British had incurred a massive military debt, which had to be paid over the long term. To ensure that the British government did not take full responsibility for the debt, the British colonists were expected to pay back the debt burden through extremely high taxes. This policy was a major impact on the British because it defined a new era of colonial exploitation that was to be used against the colonists. During this time, the British government harbored resentment over the uncooperative attitude of some colonists that supported the French and refused to pay taxes to relieve the war debt: From Britain s perspective, the colonists were ungrateful louts. They showed their ingratitude for British intervention by selling the French forces ammunition and other provisions for their battles against the British. After the war, the colonists showed their ingratitude by refusing to pay any taxes levied by a frustrated British Parliament to recoup the costs of expanding the empire (Makin and Ornstein 54). In this manner, the British government had to repay massive war debts, but through exploitative and resentful policies that forced the colonist to pay extremely high taxes in the colonial economy. England had won the French and Indian war, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
40. Deborah Westman And Her Work At The Bank Of Montreal This case study involves Deborah Westman and her work at the Bank of Montreal (BMO) as a junior employee. Deborah has aspirations of progressing within the bank to higher levels of leadership, but is concerned about possible barriers due to her gender that have prevented other women from advancing. The bank is actively seeking to provide better opportunities for women to attain key leadershippositions through the use of a task force and new policies. Deborahis uncertain if she can take advantage of the increased awareness of women in the bank, and if the barriers to higher leadership will actually be removed. Possible strategies will be recommended for Deborah in order to assist in her career. Taking Advantage of Awareness Part of Deborah s fear is that she may be wrong in attempting to take advantage of the increased attention of barriers that are preventing women from advancing to higher levels within the BMO. However, this seems like the perfect time to try and advance her career at the bank, especially considering the numerous barriers that have been identified within the bank. There are five reasons given for why employees of the BMO believe women are not promoted more regularly. The reasons are representative of the culture at the bank and include women s age, a lack of education, the idea that women are not as committed and lack the necessary skills, and that over time women will naturally enter into higher leadership positions (Rowe Guerrero, 2016). In addition ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
41. The Physics Of The Atomic Theory In chemistry, it has been stated that atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter that contain protons, neutrons, electrons, and can join to form molecules. (Gagnon) Atoms are really tiny and are considered the source of nuclear energy in all kinds of matter. The atomic theory became a very important piece in chemistry because it explained the atomic structure and how it worked. Important scientists that helped contribute to this theory were people like John Dalton and J.J. Thompson which helped establish a foundation to the theory, as well as create experiments that helped provide evidence of their findings. John Dalton was an important scientist that established the atomic theory. His theory was as follows: 1.All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are invisible and indestructible. 2. All atoms of given elements are identical in mass and properties. 3. Compounds are formed by a combination of 2 or more different kinds of atoms. 4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. 5. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. (Leon) Dalton brought up this information while using his gas experiments and it helped him determine the properties of atoms. Although Democritus had somewhat already had a theory on matter, Dalton explored and expanded the theory into what it is today. Dalton was inspired and borrowed the term atomos or atoms from Democritus to label his particles. (Leon) Dalton also created the first chart of atomic weights and introduced his belief that atoms ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
42. Capoeira Class Essay When I went to the Capoeira class, I was not really sure what to expect. I saw the dancing from videos, and I knew for a fact that I could not pull off any of the gymnastic moves most professional Capoeira dancers can do easily. When we first started, I was surprised by the beginning basics of it. The easy side steps were, well, easy until you stayed in that crouched position for long, then you started to feel it. The next day, my back really felt that constant back movement. Anyways, the beginning moves of defense and kicks were easy enough for someone who has been kicking in her dance classes for years. Overall the experience was extremely fun and interesting to learn. The few moves they taught us were simple enough to learn, thankfully. Going into this class, I was overwhelmed with concern about having to play someone else,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Seeing how the men persisted through and taught themselves fighting skills through dancing to be protected against the government in Brazil is really amazing. I find it really interesting that it is still considered a dance, even though it seems to be more martial arts. I am used to dance in the U.S. being as modern, ballet, jazz, hip hop, and all those more classical styles. Also, I feel as like most men in the U.S. also see dance this way, and as more of a girly sport (typical gender roles), so I feel like men would be put off you said Capoeira is a dance. I feel like that label of dance automatically makes people who have no idea what Capoeira is imagine it as something feminine. I want dance to be respected and seen for both genders like in Brazil. I want men to be encouraged to dance, and I feel like Capoeira would be one of the best examples of manly dancing that guys would be interested in because it is a fighting style. Capoeira is a good bridge for the gender roles gap that dance experiences in the U.S., and it should be more widely known across ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
43. Addiction For Cell Phone Addiction Cell phone Addiction is a devastating and pervasive issue in the whole world. 90% of U.S citizens own a cell phone. (psychguides) Cell phones are majorly improving causing people to enjoy them more which results in them using the cell phone to much. 67% people admitted to checking their phone even when it didn t vibrate or ring. (Psychguides) This is called phantom vibration syndrome. 9 out of 10 people have phantom phone syndrome. (WebMD) I have it and you most likely do too. Some symptoms of cell phone addiction are 1. A need to use the cell phone more and more often in order to achieve the same desired effect. 2. Not being able to use the cell phone less often. 3. Preoccupation with smartphone use. 4. Uses cell phone when they are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It is not something to blow off and take lightly. It can really take a toll on a young teenager. Since you are most likely hunched over when you are using a cellular device it is putting lots of strain on your back which can cause lots of problems to it and can leave some permanent damage. According to 2015 statistics, 45% of young people aged 16 to 24 now suffer from back pain as their spinal disks are put under pressure. That s a 60% rise from 2014. A 2014 study, published in Surgical Technology International, found that texting can add up to 50 pounds of pressure on a person s spine, depending on the angle at which the person is texting. (Leonard) Smartphones can also cause occipital neuralgia a neurological condition where the nerves that run from the top of the spinal cord up through the scalp become compressed or inflamed. This causes the person to experience headaches or migraines. There are no known treatments other than numbing injections, yoga and not using your cell phone as much as you normally do, Most people describe it as a metal bar driving into their skull. Smartphones don t just cause physical things like that, but they also cause emotional problems. Some people develop anxiety or depression because they expect updates or invitations and interaction with their friends. When they don t get messages from them they get worried which leads to anxiety and depression. People can also get stress from cellphones because they expect ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
44. Essay Boeing and Lockheed Martin Analysis of Operating Leases | Boeing v. Lockheed Martin| Analysis of Operating Leases amp; Pension Plans| | | 10/6/2011| Boeing Co amp; Lockheed Martin Corp Analysis Our financial reporting analysis consists of Lockheed, the largest defense company in the world and Boeing, the largest commercial aircraft producer. Both companies rely heavily on government funding, contracts, and regulation. Future growth for the two companies relies on sales of Lockheed and Boeing s aircrafts such as the Fighter Jet F 35 and the Dreamliner 787. Although these companies have many similarities, their core business varies. Furthermore, to properly compare these two companies, financial analysts have to make adjustments to their quarterly and yearly filings. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Second, the discount rate the firm chooses to use to compute the benefit obligation, and finally the firms projected expected rate of return on the pension plan. Capital Lease Analysis According to Boeing s most recent 10 K, the company states property, plant and equipment (PP amp;E) at $8,931 million which excludes all operating leases (Exhibit 1). However, after making our adjustments we found an increase to PP amp;E of $1,509 million or 16.90 percent with the addition of operating leases stated in company s footnotes of their 2010 annual report. Boeing s long term debt also increased by 13.15 percent which demonstrates to investors that the company is significantly more risky after the conversion of operating leases. These adjustments would also increase the company s expenses in earlier years for any plant or equipment leased as capital leases are depreciated over time, therefore creating a decrease in net income in earlier years. Boeing s financial risk ratios were also impacted by converting all operating leases into capital leases. The Debt to Total Capital Ratio increased from 68.36 percent to 69.04 percent and the Debt to Equity Ratio increased from 16.38 to 16.90 (Exhibit 1). It is imperative for the company s corporate finance division to closely manage their long term debt by minimizing the capital lease values on the balance sheet as Boeing s debt covenants could be broken should these ratios increase above ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
45. The Human Dimension Of The Army The Human Dimension is a concept that the Army has been looking into over the past years as the dynamics have changed. Soldiers and DOD Civilians make up today s fighting force. As such, it is important to look at the whole person. The purpose of the whole person concept is to notice how our cognitive, physical, social and spiritual attributes not only effect the Army, but how it will shape the future of our fighting forces. Cognitive The way each individual learns is imperative to understand as not everyone learns using the same methods or at the same rate as their counterpart. It is readily believed that the most common way of retaining information is by repetition. However, just as there are different ways to approach basic math, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As it has been observed that it is a human need, not just a desire, that we have spiritual base. Even as civilizations have been discovered one thing that was consistent was that they had a type of religion or spiritual faith. Although not every Soldier or DOD Civilian embrace a religious faction, everyone has a belief in the intangible or unexplainable. In a study students who had strong religious correlations also had higher positive feelings, lower levels of depression, and were better equipped at handling stress (Borchard, n.d.). Knowing how spirituality effects Soldiers and DOD Civilians will be important to the Army as they progress into the future; for it too is an ever changing solution to approaching stress in an Operational ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
46. The Use of Humor in Richard Iii by Shakespeare The Use of Humor in Richard III There is no doubt that Shakespeare was the author of great pieces of literature during an interesting time period. Given the circumstances, he was indeed mastering his craft during a very tumultuous juncture in British history. When one reads Richard III, they don t necessarily have to know a great deal about the War of Roses to understand that there is some serious strife going on. However, if the reader takes some time to understand this fascinating string of events, the story of Richard and his fall becomes much more interesting. In all of his brilliance, Shakespeare manages to toy with the idea of humor in this very morose play. As a matter of fact, he does this in many, if not all of his tragedies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, the dialogue picks up again, and the bitterness continues. After she exits, they all talk to each other, pretty much asking, what the heck was that all about? The next scene also has some prime examples of humor in this play. Here, two murderers are sent to kill Clarence. The text is so rich in indirectly describing the demeanor of these two, and the reader undoubtedly chuckles when reading the dialogue between the two of them. Primarily, the reader sees this in lines 110 115: I ll go back to the duke of Gloucester and tell him so. / Please, just wait a minute. I m hoping my holy mood will pass. / It usually only lasts about twenty seconds. / How are you feeling now? / Actually, I m still feeling some pangs of conscience. / Even in modern times, the idea of a conscience coming and going instead of being unwavering is funny. Even funnier is the thief being aware of this, and saying, hang on, it ll pass , as if his holy conscience were a case of bad gas or something like that. Further on, the two murderers talk about conscience, and how nobody would listen to it even if it flew out of a wallet. Of course, no Shakespeare play would be complete without the use of puns. Shakespeare uses this type of humor as a witty way to keep the dialogue fresh and flowing. The reader gets a taste of these funny little bits as early as the first act and first scene, when Brakenbury starts, With this, my lord, myself have naught to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
47. Twelfth Night Foils People have shiny and dull sides just like people in the comedic play Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare and in Missing Fathers: Twelfth Night, The Reformation Of Mourning. by Suzanne Penuel and Melville s The Lightning Rod Man As Foil by Linda Pergolizzi Gallagher. This writing shows great information of foil characters especially in Twelfth Nightwhere Viola and Olivia identify foil characters. One of them will materialize as the successful foil character. Twelfth Night describes about two royal sibling crashing in the country that they identify at war with. They get separated and happen to disguise themselves, meanwhile there a love circle exists and a bunch of similar and different people, they happen to locate Viola and Olivia that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... All through books, plays, and all literature foil characters endure in writing. In the article by Suzanne Penuel, Missing Fathers: Twelfth Night And The Reformation Of Mourning she says many things about Twelfth Night, but a solid part of her article is about foil characters and how Viola and Olivia foil with each other. She states foil of, Such a Sebastian (my emphasis) implies that father and son were alike in more than name, and Viola s likeness to her brother is therefore likeness to her father. This twinning, then, is a reminder of the paternal, as is even her evasively self duplicating confession of love to Orsino (Penuel 6). This quote describes Viola and her foil with Olivia and how her father died, and the resemblance to each other. This article remains full of proof of foil characters. More data of foil characters are here, Olivia s dead brother is hard to distinguish from her father... More important, the brother has duplicated the father, first as protector and then as decedent. Likewise, although Viola s disguise makes her a mirror image of her brother, her brother is at least nominally a mirror of their father (Penuel 6). Penuel has deep credibility to Twelfth Night in her tremendous article full of beyond useful information that drowns people in credibility to Viola and Olivia foiling. Penuel continues to discuss and prove foil characters. She announces, And paradoxically, he must double the dying adding his own deathto Viola s in order to do so. The suicidal duplication renders death less powerful. As significant as the duplication, and linked to it, is the imagined leap back in history (Penuel 4). She voices a great scare tactic in this passage that moves the thought of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
48. High Renaissance Painting In Florence And Environs,... High Renaissance Painting in Florence and environs, 1490 1550 Learning about the art history in general during the Renaissance period makes anyone s interpretation towards art change to the better. You become aware, of the color harmonization s, and reason behind each detail drawn in a portrait or made in a sculpture. Symmetry, geometry and color coordination were revolutionized in portraits and paintings by famous artist like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael which is momentous. These three individuals played an enormous role during the Renaissance with their artistic work. The west building, known as the edifice had a roman traditional classical style, but built with modern technology, thus to catch the visitors attention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Most of the portraits were rectangular or square shaped. As a visitor, you would assume that the paintings and each of the portrait frames are together taken to be displayed, but that was not the case. The frames are from the gallery itself, which surprised many people on why and how this occurred. It would have been more remarkable if the frames were from Florence as well. The frames were not meant to overpower the portraits, but to enhance them. It was strange how all the frames of the portraits were gold. Is because the Renaissance was considered as a golden age, so the frame could enhance each portrait as so? Gallery room 20 was based on Raphael s painting, and that is why there was one small writing on the wall that had a small description of Raphael and the High Renaissance. Room arrangements at the gallery was very confusing. The fact that each room has one or two doorways that leads you to another room in a circular motion was very misleading. If the setup was more like rooms next to each other, it could have been more organized for the visitor. That is probably one recommendation for a change. Maybe if the arrangement was not designed for the rooms to be placed in circular gesture, it would have been more comfortable for the visitor to focus on what he/she are viewing, rather than focusing on how which way gets me out. The numbers of the rooms were not chronologically ordered, so that was deceptive as well for the visitors. The fact ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
49. Differences in Telecommunication Terms Essay This paper will attempt to define and contrast the following terms: a. Synchronous and asynchronous b. Analog and digital c. XON and XOFF d. Simplex and duplex e. Serial and parallel transmission f. Baseband and broadband g. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point to Point Protocol (PPP) h. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) i. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) It will also contain a brief description and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Control characters are used when sending data to a printer, monitor, modem, or other device. XOFF (usually referenced by CTRL+S) is used by the transmitting side at the end of the data pulsed to say that the transmission batch is complete. XON (usually referenced by CTRL+Q) is used to start the transmission, and is found at the beginning of the data pulse. (ComputerHope, 2004) Simplex and duplex A simplex data transmission is only sent one way and without control characters or error signals. An example of a simplex transmission would be the alarm codes that are sent to officials at a burglar alarm company. A half duplex transmission can send a signal and then receive a signal, but cannot send and receive at the same time. An example would be a CB radio that can send a message, and then listen for the response. A duplex data transmission is capable of sending and receiving data at the same time. A telephone line is an example of a full duplex transmission system. (Eserver, 2004) Serial and parallel transmission Serial transmission is the consecutive transmission of the signal. The characters are transmitted in a sequence over a single line, rather than simultaneously over two or more lines, as in parallel transmission. Parallel transmission are packets of data sent at the same time, usually over more than one transmission line. This results in faster transmission of data. Many times, this data is sent sporadically, and start and stop ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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How 5 N.Y.C. Neighborhoods Are Struggling With Climate Change

New data projects are linking social issues with global warming. Here’s what that means for these New York communities.

By Hilary Howard

Photographs by Jade Doskow

Some of the effects of climate change on New York City neighborhoods are clear: extreme heat. Persistent flooding.

But as city leaders explore which neighborhoods are most vulnerable to a warming world, they are also focusing on less obvious factors like poverty, chronic health conditions and language barriers that can deepen the impact of climate change.

Several new data-gathering efforts are helping shed light on how socioeconomic issues can add to a community’s overall risk as droughts, floods and wildfires become more extreme and sea levels rise.

The findings indicate that in the city, the neighborhoods most unprepared for climate change have a lot in common: They are poor; have congestion and histories of redlining or industrial pollution; and for many of their residents, English is a second language.

Two men stand in a green area with housing developments behind them.

“You find these same situations in all these locales: very little tree covering, heavily exposed pollutants and projects and industry that’s been zoned to be placed there,” said Mychal Johnson, a founding member of the nonprofit South Bronx Unite , which helped develop the U.S. Climate Vulnerability Index , an expansive mapping project that compiled public data from across the country.

And in April, the New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate & Environmental Justice published a similar project and interactive map .

Using these tools and other similar indexes, here are some of the most vulnerable regions in the city.

‘A very vicious cycle’

Congestion in the south bronx.

The Cross-Bronx Expressway cuts off the South Bronx from the rest of the borough, with cars and trucks — over 187,000 daily — spewing pollution.

The construction of the thoroughfare in the middle of the last century displaced 60,000 residents and helped condemn much of the area around it to poverty, as well as elevated rates of asthma.

Disproportionate levels of health consistent with high levels of poverty make climate change harder on residents of the South Bronx, said Earle Chambers, an epidemiologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

Extreme heat, a major issue in the South Bronx , is especially tough on those with chronic illnesses. And New Yorkers with asthma were in danger last summer when wildfires in Canada turned the skies red over New York. Those with financial hardships were further challenged, visiting emergency rooms — a guaranteed way to seek treatment regardless of income or insurance — in record numbers.

In the South Bronx, where 94 percent of residents are Black or Hispanic, the percentage of residents living below the poverty level is about twice the city average, as is the percentage of adults 25 and over who did not graduate from high school, according to a census analysis of neighborhoods in the South Bronx region, including Grand Concourse, Melrose, Mott Haven, Point Morris and Hunts Point, by Social Explorer , a demographic data firm.

Adult asthma rates in the South Bronx are significantly higher than the city average — 6 percent compared with 3.8 percent citywide — and over a third of residents are obese and considered to be at risk for diabetes and heart disease.

Living near a congested highway can produce a domino effect of challenges, said Arif Ullah, the executive director of South Bronx Unite.

“If a child has asthma, there are more absences from school, which means a risk of not graduating, which could affect job prospects,” Mr. Ullah said. “It’s just a very vicious cycle.”

Ritchie Torres, the Democratic congressman who represents the area, along with Senator Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York, secured $2 million for the city and state to study covering parts of the expressway with parks and other amenities.

Such a project would help “right the historical wrong” of the expressway being built in the South Bronx to begin with, Dr. Chambers said.

‘Trees as a high-leverage solution’

The lack of forest cover in red hook, brooklyn.

Red Hook, an isolated, low-lying waterfront neighborhood, still affected by an industrial history and by emissions from a nearby cruise ship terminal , also has a shortage of trees.

In 2012, hundreds of trees were felled or damaged by Hurricane Sandy, which flooded the area and knocked out the power and water at the Red Hook Houses, New York City’s second-largest public housing complex. In order to make repairs there , officials cut down about an additional 400 trees.

Trees serve as a buffer for storm water, filter the air, provide oxygen and store carbon dioxide. In addition to shading people, they also shade buildings, which helps reduce energy consumption.

But trees struggle to thrive in Red Hook. The water table is high, meaning the ground is often saturated, and most of the soil is red clay, which can be dense, making it difficult for trees to take root.

(NYC Parks, which is behind a citywide tree-planting and maintenance effort , has planted 565 trees in the neighborhood since 2015, and intends to plant 40 more this spring.)

Some residents have taken it upon themselves to nurture the street trees. Red Hook Conservancy , a nonprofit, organizes groups to clean out tree beds and nourish them with mulch or compost.

Students are doing their part, too. Six graders at nearby Harbor Middle School undertook a project to design and build guards to protect tree beds.

Lynn Shon, a teacher at the school, led the project. “Students looked at data and discovered that flooding, sea level rise and extreme heat were problems disproportionately impacting Red Hook, along with the urban heat island effect ” (when cities tend to be warmer than rural areas), she said. “They were able to identify trees as a high-leverage solution.”

A food desert, surrounded by water

Edgemere, queens, lacks fresh produce (but has plenty of flooding)..

Shantae Johnson moved to Edgemere five years ago because of the cheap rent, she said. Ms. Johnson, a single mother, was on a tight budget, which revolved around feeding her seven children.

She soon realized there were no grocery stores in the flood-prone neighborhood. In Edgemere, a beach community, a simple chore like food shopping is already a major operation. But as flooding becomes more commonplace, navigating the waterlogged areas makes the task even more onerous.

“We have the double whammy effect,” said Sonia Moise, president of the area’s civic association , referring to flooding from two directions: the Atlantic Ocean to the south and Jamaica Bay to the north.

Every week, Ms. Johnson would lug her shopping cart onto the subway and travel from the Rockaway Peninsula in southern Queens to Union Square in Manhattan (over an hourlong trip) to do her grocery shopping.

“It took a toll on me,” she said.

But two years ago, Ms. Johnson caught a break. She stumbled upon a community garden during a walk. Soon, she had her own patch of land and was growing spinach and basil. She harvested so much squash last summer that she filled her freezer and gave away the rest.

The garden changed her life, Ms. Johnson said. “I get friendship, community, food and an oasis,” she said.

The Garden by the Bay is a precious resource in amenity-poor Edgemere, where the closest grocery store is over a mile away, Ms. Moise said.

The food desert here is just one problem, said Jackie Rogers, the president of the 15,000-square-foot garden, which has five community plots and 23 for individual use. “We check all the boxes when it comes to deserts,” she said. “Food, transportation, education, recreation, lack of infrastructure.”

On the food front, there is some good news: This fall, a 20,000 square-foot grocery store is scheduled to open. It will be part of a mixed-use affordable housing complex with over 2,000 apartments.

Ms. Rogers would like to see more amenities and infrastructure upgrades — like more raised streets — first. “I’m sounding the alarm,” she said. “We need resiliency here.”

A need for English classes and information

In throgs neck, the bronx, big demands on a little library.

During extreme weather, staying informed is key to staying safe. But for New Yorkers who do not speak English or lack internet services, doing so can be a challenge.

Public libraries can help. And in the event of a storm or flood, many libraries go into disaster relief mode, becoming communications hubs and distribution centers for clothing, food and medicine.

“Librarians are always collaborating to connect people to resources, that’s what we do,” said Emily Drabinski, president of the American Library Association.

But in Throgs Neck, an isolated community with little public transit, there is just one library for tens of thousands of people. The Throgs Neck Library, housed in a squat one-story building in the poorest part of the neighborhood just off the Cross Bronx Expressway, offers limited services.

Yet the need is there, said Leida Velazquez, the branch manager. Over the past year, she has seen an increase in patrons using the computers, as well as requests for assistance in applying for identification cards, jobs and food stamps benefits. “I’ll print applications for them,” she said.

With the recent influx of migrants, there is also a strong demand for English classes at the branch. But the building is too small to offer them, Ms. Velazquez said, so she often refers people to the Bronx Library Center. Getting there requires two buses and takes over an hour.

The demand for library services and support in this area of Throgs Neck underscores its need. According to Social Explorer, nearly a third of residents in the census tract closest to the library are below poverty level. And about one out of four residents has no other computing device besides a smartphone. Nearly half of people 5 and older speak a language other than English at home.

Across the city, budget cuts have caused many branches to make do with skeletal staffs and outdated HVAC systems, which could hamper their ability to function as cooling centers , said Lauren Comito, the executive director of Urban Librarians Unite. And more cuts could be on the way .

“If we want libraries to prepare for climate disaster, we will need more funding and to train staff,” she said.

‘Volatile and Dangerous’

A legacy of toxins in east williamsburg and greenpoint, brooklyn.

In the late 19th century, more than 50 oil refineries sat on the banks of Newtown Creek, a 3.8 mile waterway between Brooklyn and Queens. Now, the Brooklyn side of the creek is home to one of the largest oil spills in American history, and of two of the city’s four Superfund Sites (areas so toxic they qualify for government intervention).

But for Willis Elkins, the executive director of Newtown Creek Alliance , an environmental nonprofit, the most urgent threat to the area is a 117-acre storage facility.

There, two large tanks store liquefied natural gas, which can be converted to fuel for heating during cold-weather emergencies. “Liquefied gas is incredibly volatile and dangerous to store and transport,” Mr. Elkins said.

“The liquid gas is not even 1,000 yards from where we live,” said Elisha W. Fye, the vice president of the resident council of Cooper Park Houses, a public housing complex that sits next to the site.

Area residents have concerns about groundwater flooding people’s homes with toxins. Remnants of coal tar , a substance that was used when the site was an oil refinery, still bubble up at low tide, said Mr. Elkins, who added that other chemicals have also been detected around the site, which sits in a flood zone.

Mr. Fye, 70, has been part of several successful community efforts to block upgrades to the site, which is owned by National Grid, a company that provides gas to 1.9 million customers in New York City and on Long Island.

Several activists and energy experts want the site to shut down. But National Grid maintains that the site provides energy reliability in the event of extreme weather, and that the Greenpoint facility “meets or exceeds all safety regulations,” Karen Young, a spokeswoman for the company, said.

National Grid is investing millions in a new fire suppression system for the site; its old one was flooded and destroyed during Hurricane Sandy. And it is seeking millions more in proposed rate hikes for other upgrades.

If approved, residents in Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island could see their monthly heating bills increase by more than $65 by 2026, and local gas infrastructure would remain in place well into the 2080s, which is against the state’s climate goals, said Kim Fraczek, the director of the Sane Energy Project , a group that has helped shut down several of National Grid’s expansion efforts.

Ms. Young said that most of the revenue from increased rates would cover federal and state safety mandates .

But Ms. Fraczek would like to see a more specific accounting, she said. “It’s an economic issue, it’s an environmental justice issue.”

Hilary Howard is a Times reporter covering how the New York City region is adapting to climate change and other environmental challenges. More about Hilary Howard

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News and Analysis

The Great Salt Lake, a predictor of the risks of climate change, had a recent increase in its levels , but still remains below healthy levels. Experts worry that conservation efforts will be reduced as a result.

As the world’s coral reefs suffer a fourth global bleaching event, heat stress in the Caribbean is accumulating even earlier than it did in 2023, the previous record year for the region, according to data by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Florida’s state government will no longer be required to consider climate change when crafting energy policy under legislation signed by Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican.

A Cosmic Perspective: Alarmed by the climate crisis and its impact on their work, a growing number of astronomers are using their expertise to fight back.

Struggling N.Y.C. Neighborhoods: New data projects are linking social issues with global warming. Here’s what that means for five communities in New York .

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Light Pollution
Most environmental pollution on Earth comes from humans and their inventions. Take, for example, the automobile or that miraculous human-made material, plastic.Today, automobile emissions are a major source of air . pollution contributing to climate change, and plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health hazard to marine animals.. And what about the electric lightbulb, thought to be ...
Light pollution
The quantity of light pollution from a given area depends on the number and brightness of light sources on the ground, the fraction of light that escapes above the horizontal, the reflectivity of surfaces near the light sources (e.g., roads, pavements, walls, windows), and the prevailing atmospheric conditions. Empirical formulas allow the calculation of skyglow as a function of population and ...
Light pollution
Light pollution is the presence of any unwanted, inappropriate, or excessive artificial lighting. In a descriptive sense, the term light pollution refers to the effects of any poorly implemented lighting sources, during the day or night. Light pollution can be understood not only as a phenomenon resulting from a specific source or kind of pollution, but also as a contributor to the wider ...
How to reduce light pollution: This is what is being done
Light pollution is caused by artificial light sources such as street lamps, houses, and skyscrapers. Efforts are being made globally to reduce light pollution, including education campaigns and the use of smart lighting controls and shielded lamps. Humans are naturally afraid of the dark. We sometimes imagine monsters under the bed and walk ...
Essay on Light Pollution
500 Words Essay on Light Pollution What is Light Pollution? Light pollution is the excessive or misdirected artificial light produced by human activities. It happens when outdoor lights are left on overnight or point upwards into the sky. This artificial light can be seen in the form of a bright glow over cities and towns, obscuring the stars ...
Light Pollution
Light pollution affects more than our view of the heavens. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife. Migrating birds sometimes fly over cities and become confused by the brightness, flying in circles until they drop from exhaustion. Sea turtles need dark beaches for nesting and won't approach bright lights. Too much light ...
Light Pollution
This essay will discuss the issue of light pollution, its causes, and its impact on the environment and human health. It will explore the effects of excessive artificial light on wildlife, ecosystems, and astronomical observations. ... Additionally, PapersOwl presents more free essays samples linked to Pollution. Category: Pollution. Type ...
Light pollution: A review of the scientific literature
Light pollution is the consequence of elevated lighting emitted by human-made artefacts to the lower atmosphere. Recently, there have been major advances in the assessment and mitigation of light pollution impacts on humans and the natural ecosystems. Severe negative impacts of light pollution have been highlighted while very few mitigation ...
Light pollution
Light pollution is a type of pollution. It is defined as "any adverse (or bad) effect as a result of man-made lights.". Usually, this means too much light. Several species, including plants and humans, are badly affected by light pollution. Most people have never heard of light pollution, and those who have usually don't care, or do ...
Light pollution
Types of light pollution. Urban Sky-glow: Sky glow exists in large cities. It is the 'glow' which you can see over many cities and towns in the evening. Urban Sky Glow is the brightening of the night sky. It is caused when artificial light escapes from misdirected and badly designed light sources into the atmosphere.
Light Pollution: Types, Causes & Effects and Effective Solutions
4. Motion Sensors. Motion sensors are an amazing way to lower light pollution. In this case, the light is turned on only when the motion sensor is triggered and hence it can help save a lot of energy. Moreover, since the light only turns on in very few occasions, light pollution is reduced significantly. 5.
Light Pollution: A Case Study in Framing an Environmental Problem
In other words, we need to frame the problem in a new way. Light pollution has emerged as the widely accepted term for the negative or adverse effects of artificial nighttime illumination (Hölker et al., Citation 2010).A central assumption of this paper is that the concept of light pollution—due to its increasing usage within professional, academic, and popular discourse—will ...
Light pollution is a risk factor for various illnesses: 'We're facing a
Pelegrina, author of an essay entitled La contaminación lumínica (Light pollution), believes that the threat is not seen as such by those it impacts, and that we continue to associate artificial nighttime light with progress, wealth, security, beauty, entertainment, and wellness. "But let's not fool ourselves, even if light pollution is ...
Light Pollution Speech for Students in English
10 Line Speech on Light Pollution. This form of speech is helpful for students in grades 1-3 as it is short and simple. Light pollution is the over luminous lit areas that reflects unwanted and unused energy creating disruption. The disruption causes harm to humans, animals and nature. It does more harm to nature as it disrupts the natural way ...
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Source 2: Sources of Light Pollution by Renee Bauer Light pollution happens when artificial lights make it hard to see the night sky. Most light pollution is caused by outdoor lights, such as street lamps. Many outdoor lights shine upward or sideways. This light escapes upward. It scatters and brightens the night sky.
Essay On Light Pollution
Essay On Light Pollution. 1529 Words7 Pages. 1. INTRODUCTION. Pollution is the primer to contaminants into the natural environment that causes antagonistic change (Merriam Webster, 2010). Pollution can take the frame of chemical substances or energy like sound, warmth or light. Contaminants and components of contamination, can be either ...
Essay on Pollution in English
Conclusion of Essay on Pollution. In conclusion, pollution is a global crisis that threatens our environment, health, and future generations. Air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution all demand our attention and action. To combat pollution, we must raise awareness, enforce environmental regulations, and promote sustainable practices.
Self-Assessment Essay
The topic we chose was light pollution on birds. In this assignment, I was able to accomplish multiple of the course learning outcomes. One of the goals I achieved are developing and engaging in the collaborative and social aspects of writing processes because I was able to work together with multiple people and we each contributed our own ...
Environmental Pollution Essay for Students in English
Essay on Environmental Pollution. The environment is the surrounding of an organism. The environment in which an organism lives is made up of various components like air, water, land, etc. These components are found in fixed proportions to create a harmonious balance in the environment for the organism to live in.
Pollution Essay in English for Students
Kinds of Pollution. There are mainly three kinds of pollution - 1) Air Pollution, 2) Water Pollution, and 3) Soil Pollution. Air Pollution occurs due to the presence of harmful gases and substances in the air. It is due to vehicle emission, dust and dirt, poisonous gasses from the factories etc.
Essay on Pollution in 500 Words
Effects of Pollution. Pollution affects the quality of life more than one can imagine. It works in mysterious ways, sometimes which cannot be seen by the naked eye. However, it is very much present in the environment. For instance, you might not be able to see the natural gases present in the air, but they are still there.
Light Pollution Essay In English
Light Pollution Essay In English Light Pollution Essay In English 2. Who Controls The Past In George Orwell s 1984 In the 20th century novel, 1984 by George Orwell, Winston Smith is a pariah who dwells under a dystopian society which rules over its own people s emotions, past, uniqueness, and beliefs. The Party forbids affection for any other ...
How 5 N.Y.C. Neighborhoods Are Struggling With Climate Change
The findings indicate that in the city, the neighborhoods most unprepared for climate change have a lot in common: They are poor; have congestion and histories of redlining or industrial pollution ...

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