homework root word

homework (n.)

also home-work , 1680s, "work done at home," as opposed to work done in the shop or factory, from home (n.) + work (n.). In sense of "lessons studied at home," it is attested from 1889. To do (one's) homework in figurative sense "be prepared" is from 1934.

Entries linking to homework

Old English ham "dwelling place, house, abode, fixed residence; estate; village; region, country," from Proto-Germanic *haimaz "home" (source also of Old Frisian hem "home, village," Old Norse heimr "residence, world," heima "home," Danish hjem , Middle Dutch heem , German heim "home," Gothic haims "village"), from PIE *(t)koimo- , suffixed form of root *tkei- "to settle, dwell, be home." As an adjective from 1550s. The old Germanic sense of "village" is preserved in place names and in hamlet .

'Home' in the full range and feeling of [Modern English] home is a conception that belongs distinctively to the word home and some of its Gmc. cognates and is not covered by any single word in most of the IE languages. [Buck]

Slang phrase make (oneself) at home "become comfortable in a place one does not live" dates from 1892 ( at home "at one's ease" is from 1510s). To keep the home fires burning is a song title from 1914. To be nothing to write home about "unremarkable" is from 1907. Home movie is from 1919; home computer is from 1967. Home stretch (1841) is from horse racing (see stretch (n.)). Home economics as a school course first attested 1899; the phrase itself by 1879 (as "household management" is the original literal sense of economy , the phrase is etymologically redundant).

Home as the goal in a sport or game is from 1778. Home base in baseball attested by 1856; home plate by 1867. Home team in sports is from 1869; home field "grounds belonging to the local team" is from 1802 (the 1800 citation in OED 2nd ed. print is a date typo, as it refers to baseball in Spokane Falls). Home-field advantage attested from 1955.

Old English weorc , worc "something done, discrete act performed by someone, action (whether voluntary or required), proceeding, business; that which is made or manufactured, products of labor," also "physical labor, toil; skilled trade, craft, or occupation; opportunity of expending labor in some useful or remunerative way;" also "military fortification." This is from Proto-Germanic *werka- "work" (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch werk , Old Norse verk , Middle Dutch warc , Old High German werah , German Werk , Gothic gawaurki ), from PIE *werg-o- , a suffixed form of the root *werg- "to do."

The meaning "physical effort, exertion" is from c. 1200; that of "scholarly labor" or its productions is from c. 1200; the meaning "artistic labor" or its productions is from c. 1200. The sense of "labor as a measurable commodity" is from c. 1300. The meaning "embroidery, stitchery, needlepoint" is from late 14c.

Work of art attested by 1774 as "artistic creation," earlier (1728) "artifice, production of humans (as opposed to nature)." Work ethic recorded from 1959. To be out of work "unemployed" is from 1590s. To make clean work of is from c. 1300; to make short work of is from 1640s.

Proverbial expression many hands make light work is from c. 1300. To have (one's) work cut out for one is from 1610s; to have it prepared and prescribed, hence, to have all one can handle. Work in progress is from 1930 in a general sense, earlier as a specific term in accountancy and parliamentary procedure.

Work is less boring than amusing oneself. [Baudelaire, "Mon Coeur mis a nu," 1862]

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Free Printable Root Words Worksheets for 7th Grade

Root Words: Discover an extensive collection of free printable worksheets for Grade 7 Reading & Writing teachers, focused on enhancing students' understanding of root words and their applications.

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Root Words worksheets for Grade 7 are an essential tool for teachers looking to enhance their students' reading, writing, grammar, language, and vocabulary skills. These worksheets provide a comprehensive and engaging way for students to learn and practice the foundations of the English language. By focusing on root words, students can better understand the meaning and usage of various words, ultimately improving their overall language and vocabulary proficiency. Additionally, these worksheets help students develop their grammar skills, as they learn how to properly use and conjugate words based on their roots. Teachers can utilize these worksheets to create dynamic lesson plans, ensuring that their Grade 7 students are well-equipped to excel in reading and writing tasks.

Quizizz is an excellent platform for teachers to incorporate Root Words worksheets for Grade 7 into their curriculum, as well as other offerings to further enhance their students' learning experience. This interactive platform allows teachers to create engaging quizzes and games based on the content of the worksheets, providing students with a fun and interactive way to practice their language and vocabulary skills. Furthermore, Quizizz offers a wide range of resources, including grammar exercises and reading comprehension activities, which can be seamlessly integrated with the Root Words worksheets. By utilizing Quizizz, teachers can create a comprehensive and engaging learning environment for their Grade 7 students, ensuring that they develop strong reading, writing, grammar, language, and vocabulary skills.

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Prefixes are words that you add to beginning of root words. When prefixes are added they modify the meaning of the root words. Example: the root word "ject" means to throw. You will commonly come across the prefixes in- and re- being add to "ject". They create the words "inject" (to put into) and "reject" (to throw out). In this case the prefix gave the root words direction.

Suffixes are similar to Prefixes in that they modify the meaning of words, but they are added to the end of the root words. Example: the root "bio-" means life. The words "biography" (story of life) and "biology" (study of life) are examples of suffixes modifying the roots.

Exercises for understanding prefixes, suffixes, and roots of words. We use them in a wide range of activities to help you master them.

Prefix Worksheets

Explaining Prefixes Find the meanings of the prefixes. Match the prefix with how it modifies root words.

Adding Mixed Prefixes Add prefixes to roots to make words that make sense. Add the prefix that makes the most sense to the root words. This is a very open activity.

List of English Prefixes A great reference for teachers and students alike. You will find list of commonly used Prefixes of the English Language. Note that many prefixes have several methods for changing the mean of the root words that they are added to.

Adding Long Prefixes These words consist of more letters than other forms. The prefix in this set are up to five letters long. This makes for some very long words to be formed.

Prefixes a-, ad- Worksheet One prefix takes things away, the other add them. We introduce two prefixes that changes the entire mood of each word. Typical to atypical is a big difference.

Prefixes ab-, be- Worksheet A prefix that moves things away and one that moves things through. This one is focused all on one page. These exact prefixes have been used at a wide grade level range on several national assessments.

Adding Prefixes - dis-, non-, and super- These prefixes either lower, level, or heighten things. We work with words that we add one of three prefixes to. The prefix will either heighten or lower the root word.

Prefixes en-, ex- Into or out of something. We add two prefixes that really change the intensity or dynamics of words they modify.

Adding Prefixes - mid-, mis-, re- In the middle, out of, or occurring again. You could also step the skill level up on this one and have them define the words.

Prefixes out-, pro- These can be confusing. Read them out loud. Two prefixes that in most cases modify words in the same way, they usually height the action of the words that are modified.

Prefixes in-, pre-, and re- Before, during, or after. See how the word meanings are skewed by the addition of prefixes. Some of these change drastically as a result of the prefix.

Prefixes semi-, under- These are less than prefixes! Get it? We work with specific prefixes that modify words to mean either half or less than. Somewhat depressing prefixes, wouldn't you say?

Understanding Prefixes Find the meanings of the modifiers. See if you can find the meaning of the prefixes that are presented to you.

Prefixes and Numbers We use bi-, tri-, and quad- in sentences. The worksheet asks you to infer that bi- means two, tri- means three, and quad- means four.

Under- and Sub- Prefixes Below or less than. ou might need to think long and hard with these exercises.

The Prefix Circle Find where the prefix is hidden. We give you a large list of words that each contain a prefix. Now go find all the prefixes and circle them!

Suffix Worksheets

Suffix Change Up This is a really comprehensive worksheet. This worksheet covers a diverse skill set with suffixes. We ask you to spell and tense correctly. The last step is to create your own words.

Derivational Suffixes These types of suffixes modify meanings and parts of speech. Use the derivational suffixes and see how the meanings are changed. Derivational suffixes always change the syntax of the word it modifies.

Inflectional Suffixes These don't change the meaning of the words they modify. Inflectional suffixes are interesting because they don't change the meaning of a word when added to a word. They usually change the tense of the word.

Roots and Suffixes We really like this sheet, so do teachers. Work with the suffixes you are given and spell them correctly. Then it's time to get creative and work towards a quad-word fest, if you will.

The Suffix Match Meet the suffix and how it modifies the meanings of words. Match the suffixes to their meanings. These are very commonly used suffixes.

Match the Suffix Meanings Another matching task for you. You will find these to some of the most commonly used suffixes. Now tells us what they mean and how they modify words.

Suffixes -ful and -less These examples either complete or lessen what they modify. We work with two directly opposite suffixes and ask you to use them in sentences.

Suffixes -able versus -ible These give roots the power to do something. These two suffixes account for the large majority of spelling errors in the English Language.

Circle the Suffix Worksheet Find the suffixes in the words. We want you to find the suffixes within the set of words for us.

Root Word Worksheets

Root Words Activity We really like this one. You will too! This is a great worksheet set. It is neat to see how if you understand the meaning of the prefix and root word, it's easy to figure out the meaning of the completed word.

Adding To Root Words We work on spelling. Students determine how to spell new words properly after introducing suffixes to them.

Suffix Additions to Root Words Spelling once again. We work more with spelling words properly after a root word and a suffix meet.

Find The Root Words For some of these, you would think that they don't have roots. Ditch the suffixes and find the root words in every sentence we present you with.

Searching For Root Words Go on a root safari! Remove all the suffixes and find just to root words for each instance.

Joining Words Put roots and suffixes together and then tell what you made. These can take some time. Join the word root and the suffix and then define the combined word.

Make a Word This one guides it really well. We form new words and spelling by adding roots and suffixes.

The Root Word Slide Find roots and then create a bunch of words with roots. First find the root word. Then you will be given a root and we want you to run off and make as many new words as you can by adding prefixes and suffixes.

Underline and Build Off of the Roots These are a bit higher level roots. We ask you to quickly locate root words. Then we want you to go all Ninja on root words and form as many new words as you can think of.

What are Prefixes, Suffixes, and Root Words?

Teachers are often looking for a way to enhance their students' vocabulary. There are various effective ways to achieve this goal, and an efficient one is teaching affixes.

In English grammar, a word attached to a base word to modify its meaning is known as affixes. There are numerous words with affixes attached, but we are often (un)aware of them.

What Are Prefixes?

Prefixes are letters that, when added to the beginning of a word, change a word's meaning. For example, the word "agree" means to have the same opinion on something. However, adding the letters 'dis' before the word 'agree' becomes 'disagree.' Disagree means to have a different opinion on something, the exact opposite of the word agree. Hence, the 'dis' is a prefix here. Some prefixes examples are:

Remember this…

1. Some prefixes have the same meaning but are not interchangeable. Some of these prefixes include "non," "un," "il." Adding them before a word would make the word's meaning opposite. However, you can't use "non-" in place of "un-." Non-happy is not a word; the correct word is unhappy.

2. Adding a prefix must not alter the spelling of the base word. Even if it results in repetition of letters. For example: un-attached to 'natural' becomes 'unnatural'.

3. Some words might look like a prefix is attached to them, but that's not so. For example, reach is a word on its own. You cannot break up the word into "re-" and "-ach" as these words alone do not hold any meaning.

What Are Suffixes?

Suffixes are letters that, when added to the end of a word, change a word's meaning.

For example, the word "agree" is a verb that means to have the same opinion on something. However, if we add the letters 'ment' after the word 'agree,' it becomes 'agreement.' Agreement is a noun that means the act of agreement. Hence, the '-ment' here is a suffix. Here are some examples of suffixes:

Remember this...

1. Some suffixes might also hold the same meaning but are not interchangeable. For example, the suffix "-er" and "-or" both are added to show the person who does the work. One example is the word 'worker.' However, the word 'workor' is wrong.

2. Adding a suffix at the end of a word sometimes alters the base word's spelling. For example, when "-al" is added to the word "globe," you drop the "e," becoming 'global' instead of "globeal."

3. Some words might also look like a suffix is attached to them when that's not the case. For example, proceed is a word on its own. It cannot be broken up into "proce-" and "-ed" as these words alone do not hold any meaning.

What Is a Root Word?

A root word is the base word to which affixes (prefixes and suffixes) are attached to alter the word's original meaning.

For example, 'agree' is the root word for words like 'disagree' where a prefix is attached and 'agreement' where a suffix is attached. Both the prefix and the suffix attached to the word alter its original meaning.

Common Latin and Greek Root Words in English

Numerous words that we use with ease today in our daily life have been derived from Latin and Greek. Such root words cannot stand alone themselves. These words only make sense with an affix attached.

The Importance of Root Words

When inferring a word's meaning, root words can be of great help. Just by knowing what a root word means, students can identify the alteration made to that word by attaching affixes. They can then guess the meaning of the altered word and attempt comprehension questions easily.

Common Examples

Here are some commonly used prefixes and suffixes with meanings and examples. Notice how some root words' spellings change while others remain the same.

Root Words With Both Prefixes and Suffixes Examples

Some root words can have both prefixes and suffixes attached to them at the same time, modifying their meaning severely. Some examples are as below:

Importance of all Teaching This

Students' are often more eager to learn a concept when it is practical for them. Affixes in English grammar are one of such relatable concepts.

1. They are widely used in writing as well as speaking. Many of the commonly used words have either a prefix, a suffix, or a combination of both in it, as discussed above.

2. They can increase your students' word bank. Several prefixes and suffixes can attach to a single root word, tweaking its meaning every time. Now your students will have various words to include in their writing.

3. Learning this can improve your students' comprehension skills. Students might often struggle with unknown words in their reading comprehension. When students know what a root word is, they can quickly identify the attached affixes and comprehend a word's meaning.

4. Knowing this also assists students in understanding a word's context. This knowledge can come in handy in comprehension but also in writing. Students will better understand which word is more appropriate in which context.

Prefixes and suffixes are used ubiquitously. Your students might also be using them in routine, but its identification can help them out in written and verbal English.

They might get all of this jargon mixed up. However, daily reading practice while actively identifying basic examples can help them improve their comprehension. With time, they will learn that prefixes are attached to a root word's beginning, whereas suffixes are attached at the end of a root word.

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Help with Root Words: How to Identify Root Words

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When you understand how to locate root words and determine their meanings, you'll be able to figure out the definition of new, unfamiliar words. Read on to find out more about root words and how they can help you decode.

Identifying Root Words

What are root words.

A root word, also known as a base word, is a real and complete word. They can be used alone in sentences and have their own definitions. However, they can also be made into new words by adding on affixes. Affixes are word parts added to the front or end of root words to create brand new words. Affixes are also known as prefixes and suffixes, which will be described later.

Word Families

One way to recognize root words is to become familiar with word families. Word families refer to a group of words that share the same letter patterns. They can be used to not only identify certain words, but pronounce them correctly as well. Knowing word families can help you have an easier time identifying root words and increase your reading vocabulary. There are many different word families, but ten of the most common have been provided below.

• -ack - back, rack, sack, pack, lack
• -ake - rake, bake, sake, shake, make
• -eat - meat, beat, seat, cheat, heat
• -ice - nice, rice, spice, mice, slice
• -ight - night, right, fight, sight, flight
• -ock - clock, knock, flock, sock, rock
• -ore - core, sore, pore, shore, more
• old - cold, bold, sold, fold, told
• uck - luck, buck, stuck, pluck, duck
• unk - sunk, chunk, hunk, dunk, plunk

Prefixes are placed at the beginning of root words to create new words. The prefixes have their own definitions that are combined to the definitions of the root words they are connected to. When this connection is made, the meaning of the root word is changed. Therefore, learning prefixes and their meanings will help you identify the root words and determine the meanings of new words you encounter. Some common prefixes and their definitions are provided below with examples of how they connect to root words.

• dis - not or opposite of
• pre - before

Suffixes are placed at the end of root words to create new words. Like prefixes, they have their own definitions that connect to the definitions of root words. When they are connected to root words, they change or enhance the root word's meaning. Some common suffixes and their definitions are provided below with examples of how they connect to root words.

• er - one who
• or - one who
• less - without
• able - can or can be

Break the Word Apart

Once you know the information above, to decode a word, you simply have to search those individual parts in the new word. After finding the parts, break the word down and isolate the root word from the affix. With the parts separated, you'll determine their individual meanings, and then combine the meanings to get the definition for the new word. In the example below, the new word is unreachable .

1. Break the word into the individual parts: un reach able. This word has both a prefix and a suffix.

2. Determine the individual meaning of each part.

3. Combine the meanings. If this word was just reachable, we would know that it would mean able to be reached. However since the prefix un- has been added to it, we know that unreachable means not able to be reached.

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Root Words Worksheets

Root words provide the foundation upon which the meaning of a word forms. A prefix or suffix can often be added to these roots to form a new meaning for the word. Root words are unique from affixes in that they can fully stand on their own and they do not need the help of a word part to make sense and have a distinct meaning. These worksheets will help students better understand the meaning of various roots and their use towards language.

Understanding and focusing time on root words and affixes will definitely heighten your ability to read and comprehend as well communicate with others.

Advanced Roots - These are commonly found user in higher level vocabulary terms, but they do make their way into many elementary appropriate terms as well.

Identifying Roots and Inflectional Forms - We look at how tense and context play into naming an expression of terms.

Learning Academic Terms and Phrases - We will explore a technique that can quickly help you understand new vocabulary when first presented with it.

Patterns of Word Changes - This section can really help your decoding skills. You will feel much more comfortable as you come across new vocabulary terms.

Prefix and Suffixes - This is a huge collection of worksheets that is particularly related to this section.

Using Greek and Latin Affixes and Roots - We look at how the ancient civilizations helped shape the English language even today.

Using Roots To Define Words - This is tremendously helpful when you are preparing for the college aptitude test.

Using Roots to Determine the Meaning of Text - This is a more advanced version of the previous topic of worksheets.

Vocabulary We Use in a Conversation - We use quite common terms that apply to most parts of the world that speak English.

Word Etymology - We learn how they have been formed and changed throughout history.

What are Root Words?

The words that help in the formation of new words are known as root words. As a tree grows from its roots, in the English language, words are also made up of the roots. In the English language, many terms have borrowed a part or whole of another unit of sound from another language.

While the root provides the foundation for most words, they can not hold up all by itself. They require the use of a prefix or suffix which are collectively know as affixes. A prefix is a series of syllables that is found at the start of a word. A suffix is the same thing but found at the end of words. When an affix is removed or added to a word it can often change the meaning or part of speech it exhibits in a sentence.

This borrowed part usually makes the root of a word. Since the Latin and Greek languages played a vital role in the formation of the English language, most of the words used today either have Greek or Latin roots. These Greek and Latin roots contributed to the formation of various English terms are discussed in detail below:

The Most Important Greek and Latin Roots

Greek and Latin languages have played a vital role in the formation of the English language. Most of the English words we use today have either came down to us from Latin or Greek language.

Derived From Greek

The Greek language has contributed a lot in the formation of the English language. This is why Greek Root Words are found in the English language in large amounts. There are roughly thousands of Greek root words and therefore, it is impossible to list them all. Some commonly used Greek root words are, aqua for water, bio for life, cylind for roll, geo for earth, exo for outer, dem for people, tele for far, chrono for time, tele for far, hyd for water, graph for write, anti for against, ast for star, auto for self, chrome for color, dyna for powerful, anthropo for man, dys for bad, hetero for different, homo for same, path for feel, photo for light, logy for study, etc.

Derived From Latin

Latin words also have helped in the formation of the English language to a great extent. Most Latin root words are used in serving as the basis for the formation of many new words. Most important Latin root words used in the English language are circ for round, audi for hearing, jur for law, omni for all, vac for empty, vis or vid for see, sens for feel, scrib for writing, pac for peace, mis for send, log for thought, voc for word, ab for move, manu for by hand, port for carry, quit for silent, terr for earth, tim for fear, act for do, agr for farming, bene for good, dict for saying, circum for around, mater for mother, multi for many, pater for father, rupt for break, sent for feel, voc for voice, etc.

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Root Words: Worksheet

Subject: Phonics and spelling

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

17 October 2019

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A resource with a worksheet on Root Words originally designed for work with a dyslexic pupil, but also handy for literacy lessons. It defines root words and contains writing and matching activities for the students. Fairly straightforward and the explanations are on the sheet.

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Simple Ways to Teach Greek and Latin Root Words

The vast majority of the English language is derived from Greek and Latin root words. Some estimate that up to 75% of our language comes from the Greek and Latin language. That statistic alone is a compelling reason to incorporate more practice with Greek and Latin root words into your literacy block!

If you need some fresh ideas on how to work Greek and Latin root words into your school year, I have four simple ideas that will help you bring more focus to this very important vocabulary concept.

Greek and Latin Root Word Teaching Ideas

1. Start a Root of the Week vocabulary routine.

Introducing a root word of the week is a great way to create an entire routine around this important skill. One way you could do this is to simply select a single root to focus on each week. Like spec/spect, hydra, phon, auto, etc. Throughout the week you can do a different activity each day that will help student familiarize themselves with the meaning of the root.

Here’s a list of things you could have students do during the week to help study the root of the week:

• Look up the origin of the word.
• Make a word list with other words with the same root.
• Create a symbol to help then remember the word.
• Find words that have that root and break them into their word parts.
• Read focused sentences/paragraphs with the root.
• Write sentences with words from the word list.

If you like the idea of using a root word of the week routine in your classroom, be sure to check out this resource .

2. Use Anchor Charts to introduce new root words.

We all know the power of anchor charts! They serve as a great visual reminder for students. Which is why I love introducing root words using anchor charts. Whether you create a large-scale anchor chart to post on your classroom walls or give your students mini anchor charts to glue in their journals, they can be a great tool to help introduce and teach new root words.

Here are a few things that I think are helpful to include on your greek and latin root word anchor charts:

• The root word(s) – you can make an anchor chart for just one word or several at a time.
• The definnition of the word.
• A visual cue or picture reminder to help students remember the meaning of the root.
• Words that contain that root that are broken down by word part, but then also explain the meaning of each part. (If you see the sample anchor charts in the picture, you’ll see what I mean).

Anchor charts can be a really great way to go in depth when studying Greek and Latin root words.

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Greek & Latin Root Word Reference Sheets

This root word reference sheet will help your students remember common Greek & Latin Root Words. The reference sheet includes the definition and examples of 40 common root words as well as picture cues! It also includes customizable spaces for students to add their own root words.

3. Give students a root word reference sheet to use during independent practice.

The ultimate goal of teaching Greek and Latin root words is to help students have confindence in their ability to understand them when they area reading. Even if you haven’t taught your students ALL of the root words, giving them a reference sheet can be really helpful.

Once students get the basic idea that word parts (like greek and latin roots) have meaning, and if they know the meaning of those word parts, they can use them to figure out and understand new words. Students can use a reference sheet during independent practice to help them when it comes to using context clues to figre out the meaning of new or unfamiliar words that might contain a Greek and Latin root.

If you haven’t already, be sure to grab the free root word reference sheet. I know it will be helpful for your students!

4. Create a Greek and Latin Word Wall in your classroom for students to reference.

Creating a word wall display in your classroom with common greek and latin roots can be a great way to keep these roots top of mind. Even if students have their own individual sheets, seeing a word wall with the root, the meaning, sample words, and a picture clue can be another helpful tool to hlep students remember all the roots.

If you’ve never used a word wall in your upper elementary classroom, you can get some ideas for how to use them in THIS blog post.

AND if you make your word wall cards right (see picture above) you can also end up with an interactive word wall or interactive sort that students can do independently to help them build their understanding of greek and latin root words.

Check out these interactive word wall cards and sorts if you want some that are all prepped and ready for you to use.

5. Play games to review Greek and Latin root words you’ve already taught.

Any new skill that you are trying to reinforce is always more fun when it’s turned into a game! Creating a bingo game about greek and latin root words is a great way to get students thinking more critically about the meaning of the roots they have learned, but have fun doing it!

Playing games can be a really fun way to spiral review as well. If you end up doing a root word of the week routine, your students might have forgotten the Greek and Latin root words they learned in the fall – or at least they might be a little bit fuzzy.

Using these teaching ideas, your students will deepen their understanding of Greek and Latin roots. This is an area that has a positive growth affect on all other areas of students’ reading and writing!

Put it into practice…

Ok, hopefully these ideas are all simple enough that you feel like you can get started with some of them this week. If you are new to teaching Greek and Latin Roots to your students, then I would suggest checking out the Root Word of the Week routine in my TPT store . It is a super simple (teacher-and-student-friendly) routine to get started with and it has a huge impact on your students understanding of root words.

Go check out that resource and then put it in your lesson plans for next week!

And before you go, be sure to grab the free Greek and Latin Root Word Reference Sheet below. Once you get started with the root word of the week routine, you can share that reference sheet with your students for them to refer to when reading independently.

Happy Teaching!

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What it means.

Moxie can refer to courage and determination (aka nerve ), energy and pep (aka verve ), or know-how (as, say, reflected in one’s oeuvre ).

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“When your journalistic beat consists of providing helpful tips on how to win games, people naturally assume that you are an expert at playing them. That’s not always true, but I like to think that I make up for it with moxie and a reasonably consistent positive attitude.” — Deb Amlen, The New York Times , 29 Jan. 2024

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If the idea of a carbonated bevvy flavored with gentian root makes you thirsty to wet your whistle , then you’ve got some moxie, friend! Lowercase moxie —which today is a synonym of both nerve and verve —originated as uppercase Moxie , as in Moxie Nerve Food, a patent medicine and tonic invented by Dr. Augustin Thompson and sold in New England in the 1870s. Within a decade, when it was clear his drink wasn’t really medicinal, he carbonated Moxie and marketed it as a kind of 19th-century energy drink with a “delicious blend of the bitter and the sweet.” The soft drink and its advertising slogans (among them Make Mine Moxie! ) eventually caught on around the country. The beverage was even a favorite of Charlotte’s Web author E. B. White , who wrote, “Moxie contains gentian root, which is the path to the good life.” The semantic jump from “a drink that gives you energy” to “energy” itself is as natural as a good advertising campaign. By 1930, moxie had acquired its earliest modern sense referring to vim and pep.

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