example of good essay pdf

Essay and dissertation writing skills

Planning your essay

Writing your introduction

Structuring your essay

• Writing essays in science subjects
• Brief video guides to support essay planning and writing
• Writing extended essays and dissertations
• Planning your dissertation writing time

Structuring your dissertation

• Top tips for writing longer pieces of work

Advice on planning and writing essays and dissertations

University essays differ from school essays in that they are less concerned with what you know and more concerned with how you construct an argument to answer the question. This means that the starting point for writing a strong essay is to first unpick the question and to then use this to plan your essay before you start putting pen to paper (or finger to keyboard).

A really good starting point for you are these short, downloadable Tips for Successful Essay Writing and Answering the Question resources. Both resources will help you to plan your essay, as well as giving you guidance on how to distinguish between different sorts of essay questions. 

You may find it helpful to watch this seven-minute video on six tips for essay writing which outlines how to interpret essay questions, as well as giving advice on planning and structuring your writing:

Different disciplines will have different expectations for essay structure and you should always refer to your Faculty or Department student handbook or course Canvas site for more specific guidance.

However, broadly speaking, all essays share the following features:

Essays need an introduction to establish and focus the parameters of the discussion that will follow. You may find it helpful to divide the introduction into areas to demonstrate your breadth and engagement with the essay question. You might define specific terms in the introduction to show your engagement with the essay question; for example, ‘This is a large topic which has been variously discussed by many scientists and commentators. The principle tension is between the views of X and Y who define the main issues as…’ Breadth might be demonstrated by showing the range of viewpoints from which the essay question could be considered; for example, ‘A variety of factors including economic, social and political, influence A and B. This essay will focus on the social and economic aspects, with particular emphasis on…..’

Watch this two-minute video to learn more about how to plan and structure an introduction:

The main body of the essay should elaborate on the issues raised in the introduction and develop an argument(s) that answers the question. It should consist of a number of self-contained paragraphs each of which makes a specific point and provides some form of evidence to support the argument being made. Remember that a clear argument requires that each paragraph explicitly relates back to the essay question or the developing argument.

• Conclusion: An essay should end with a conclusion that reiterates the argument in light of the evidence you have provided; you shouldn’t use the conclusion to introduce new information.
• References: You need to include references to the materials you’ve used to write your essay. These might be in the form of footnotes, in-text citations, or a bibliography at the end. Different systems exist for citing references and different disciplines will use various approaches to citation. Ask your tutor which method(s) you should be using for your essay and also consult your Department or Faculty webpages for specific guidance in your discipline. 

Essay writing in science subjects

If you are writing an essay for a science subject you may need to consider additional areas, such as how to present data or diagrams. This five-minute video gives you some advice on how to approach your reading list, planning which information to include in your answer and how to write for your scientific audience – the video is available here:

A PDF providing further guidance on writing science essays for tutorials is available to download.

Short videos to support your essay writing skills

There are many other resources at Oxford that can help support your essay writing skills and if you are short on time, the Oxford Study Skills Centre has produced a number of short (2-minute) videos covering different aspects of essay writing, including:

• Approaching different types of essay questions  
• Structuring your essay  
• Writing an introduction  
• Making use of evidence in your essay writing  
• Writing your conclusion

Extended essays and dissertations

Longer pieces of writing like extended essays and dissertations may seem like quite a challenge from your regular essay writing. The important point is to start with a plan and to focus on what the question is asking. A PDF providing further guidance on planning Humanities and Social Science dissertations is available to download.

Planning your time effectively

Try not to leave the writing until close to your deadline, instead start as soon as you have some ideas to put down onto paper. Your early drafts may never end up in the final work, but the work of committing your ideas to paper helps to formulate not only your ideas, but the method of structuring your writing to read well and conclude firmly.

Although many students and tutors will say that the introduction is often written last, it is a good idea to begin to think about what will go into it early on. For example, the first draft of your introduction should set out your argument, the information you have, and your methods, and it should give a structure to the chapters and sections you will write. Your introduction will probably change as time goes on but it will stand as a guide to your entire extended essay or dissertation and it will help you to keep focused.

The structure of  extended essays or dissertations will vary depending on the question and discipline, but may include some or all of the following:

• The background information to - and context for - your research. This often takes the form of a literature review.
• Explanation of the focus of your work.
• Explanation of the value of this work to scholarship on the topic.
• List of the aims and objectives of the work and also the issues which will not be covered because they are outside its scope.

The main body of your extended essay or dissertation will probably include your methodology, the results of research, and your argument(s) based on your findings.

The conclusion is to summarise the value your research has added to the topic, and any further lines of research you would undertake given more time or resources. 

Tips on writing longer pieces of work

Approaching each chapter of a dissertation as a shorter essay can make the task of writing a dissertation seem less overwhelming. Each chapter will have an introduction, a main body where the argument is developed and substantiated with evidence, and a conclusion to tie things together. Unlike in a regular essay, chapter conclusions may also introduce the chapter that will follow, indicating how the chapters are connected to one another and how the argument will develop through your dissertation.

For further guidance, watch this two-minute video on writing longer pieces of work . 

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Teaching Philosophy

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Teaching philosophy is grounded in one’s beliefs, core values , and views on teaching , learning , and action plan for educators . Whether you adhere to a single approach or adapt over time, understanding diverse perspectives on teaching philosophy is invaluable. This article explores various teaching philosophies, offering insights into how different educators approach their practice, and highlighting the importance of reflecting on and articulating one’s own teaching philosophy. By examining these different views, teachers can gain a broader understanding of effective teaching strategies and the underlying principles that guide them.

What is Teaching Philosophy?

A teaching philosophy statement in simple terms is principle-based mainly on how a person views teaching. Teaching philosophy statements are written documents that describe  personal values , professional values, personal beliefs, and personal and professional views. This is regarding both teaching and learning.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Examples

1. student-centered learning.

“I believe that education should be student-centered, focusing on each student’s unique learning style and strengths. My goal is to create a classroom environment where students feel valued and motivated to engage deeply with the material.”

2. Active Learning

“My teaching philosophy is rooted in active learning. I strive to create interactive lessons that encourage students to participate, ask questions, and collaborate with their peers. This approach helps students develop critical thinking skills and retain information more effectively.”

3. Inclusive Education

“I am committed to creating an inclusive classroom where all students feel welcome and supported. I use diverse teaching strategies to accommodate different learning needs and ensure that every student has the opportunity to succeed.”

4. Growth Mindset

“I believe in fostering a growth mindset in my students. I encourage them to view challenges as opportunities for growth and to persist in the face of difficulties. By promoting a positive attitude towards learning, I help students build resilience and confidence.”

5. Real-World Connections

“My teaching philosophy emphasizes the importance of connecting classroom learning to real-world experiences. I incorporate practical examples and hands-on activities to help students see the relevance of what they are learning and apply it to their lives.”

6. Collaborative Learning

“I believe that learning is a social process. I create a collaborative classroom environment where students work together on projects, share ideas, and learn from each other. This approach not only enhances their understanding but also develops their communication and teamwork skills.”

7. Critical Thinking

“My goal as a teacher is to develop my students’ critical thinking skills. I encourage them to question assumptions, analyze information, and consider multiple perspectives. By fostering a critical mindset, I prepare students to become thoughtful and informed citizens.”

8. Reflective Practice

“I believe that reflection is a key component of learning. I regularly ask my students to reflect on their learning experiences, set goals, and identify areas for improvement. This practice helps them take ownership of their education and become self-directed learners.”

9. Technology Integration

“I integrate technology into my teaching to enhance student learning and engagement. I use a variety of digital tools and resources to create interactive lessons, provide immediate feedback, and facilitate collaboration. Technology also allows me to differentiate instruction and meet the diverse needs of my students.”

10. Culturally Responsive Teaching

“I am dedicated to culturally responsive teaching. I incorporate diverse perspectives into my curriculum and create a classroom environment that respects and values cultural differences. By doing so, I help students develop a deeper understanding of the world and prepare them to thrive in a multicultural society.”

11. Hands-On Learning

“I believe in the power of hands-on learning. I design lessons that involve experiments, projects, and real-life applications to make learning more engaging and meaningful. This approach helps students develop practical skills and a deeper understanding of the subject matter.”

12. Lifelong Learning

“I aim to instill a love of learning in my students. I encourage curiosity, exploration, and a willingness to take risks. By modeling a passion for learning myself, I inspire students to become lifelong learners who continuously seek knowledge and personal growth.”

13. Supportive Environment

“My teaching philosophy centers on creating a supportive and nurturing classroom environment. I build strong relationships with my students, provide emotional support, and create a safe space where they feel comfortable taking risks and expressing themselves.”

14. Interdisciplinary Approach

“I believe in an interdisciplinary approach to teaching. I connect concepts from different subjects to help students see the interconnectedness of knowledge. This approach not only broadens their understanding but also encourages them to think critically and creatively.”

15. Assessment for Learning

“I use assessment as a tool for learning rather than just a measure of performance. I provide regular, formative feedback to help students understand their progress and identify areas for improvement. This approach encourages a growth mindset and helps students take charge of their learning.

Teaching Philosophy Examples for Elementary

Example 1: student-centered learning.

My teaching philosophy centers around the belief that each child is unique and learns in their own way. I strive to create a classroom environment where students feel safe, valued, and empowered to explore their interests and strengths. By incorporating hands-on activities, collaborative projects, and individualized instruction, I aim to foster a love of learning and encourage critical thinking. I believe in the importance of building strong relationships with my students and their families to support their educational journey and help them reach their full potential.

Example 2: Holistic Development

I believe in nurturing the whole child, focusing not only on academic growth but also on social, emotional, and physical development. My classroom is a place where children learn to respect themselves and others, develop resilience, and become responsible citizens. I integrate social-emotional learning into my curriculum and provide opportunities for students to practice empathy, cooperation, and problem-solving skills. By creating a supportive and inclusive classroom community, I aim to help students develop a strong sense of self and a lifelong love of learning.

Example 3: Inquiry-Based Learning

My teaching philosophy is grounded in the principles of inquiry-based learning. I encourage students to ask questions, explore, and engage with the material in a meaningful way. By designing lessons that are open-ended and student-driven, I aim to cultivate curiosity and a deeper understanding of the subject matter. I believe that when students are active participants in their learning, they develop critical thinking skills and a sense of ownership over their education. My goal is to create a classroom where students feel confident to take risks, make mistakes, and learn from them.

Example 4: Inclusive Education

I believe that every child deserves an education that meets their individual needs and respects their unique background and experiences. My teaching philosophy emphasizes the importance of inclusive education, where all students, regardless of their abilities or differences, are welcomed and supported. I use differentiated instruction, assistive technology, and collaborative teaching strategies to ensure that every student can access the curriculum and achieve success. By fostering a culture of acceptance and diversity, I aim to help students develop a positive self-image and an appreciation for the differences in others.

Example 5: Constructivist Approach

I subscribe to a constructivist approach to teaching, where students build their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and reflections. I see my role as a facilitator, guiding students as they construct meaning and make connections between new information and their prior knowledge. My classroom is a dynamic environment where students are encouraged to experiment, discuss, and collaborate. Through project-based learning and real-world applications, I aim to make learning relevant and engaging, helping students to see the value and purpose of their education.

Example 6: Growth Mindset

My teaching philosophy is inspired by the concept of a growth mindset, the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work. I strive to instill this mindset in my students by creating a positive and encouraging classroom atmosphere. I celebrate effort, perseverance, and improvement, and I help students understand that mistakes are an essential part of the learning process. By setting high expectations and providing the support needed to meet them, I aim to help students develop resilience, confidence, and a lifelong love of learning.

Example 1: Holistic Development

Philosophy Statement: I believe that education should foster the holistic development of students, addressing their intellectual, emotional, social, and ethical growth. My teaching aims to create a supportive and nurturing environment where students can develop critical thinking skills, emotional intelligence, and a strong sense of ethics.

Implementation:

• Integrated Curriculum: I design my curriculum to include elements that promote not just academic learning but also personal growth, such as ethical discussions, emotional regulation strategies, and social skills development.
• Mentorship: I view my role as a mentor who guides students not just academically but also in their personal development, offering advice and support on a range of issues.
• Community Engagement: I incorporate service-learning projects that encourage students to engage with and contribute to their communities, fostering a sense of social responsibility and ethical awareness.

Example 2: Culturally Responsive Teaching

Philosophy Statement: I believe that culturally responsive teaching is essential in today’s diverse educational landscape. My goal is to create an inclusive learning environment that respects and values the diverse cultural backgrounds of my students, integrating their experiences and perspectives into the learning process.

• Diverse Content: I include diverse voices and perspectives in my curriculum, ensuring that students see themselves reflected in the course material and learn about cultures different from their own.
• Inclusive Pedagogy: I use teaching methods that are inclusive and adaptable to different cultural contexts, such as storytelling, collaborative learning, and culturally relevant examples.
• Student Voice: I encourage students to share their cultural experiences and perspectives in class discussions and assignments, fostering a richer and more inclusive learning environment.

Example 3: Research-Driven Instruction

Philosophy Statement: I believe that integrating research into the teaching process enhances learning by encouraging students to engage deeply with the subject matter and develop critical thinking skills. My approach emphasizes the importance of research and evidence-based learning.

• Research Projects: I design assignments that require students to conduct their own research, analyze data, and present their findings. This helps them develop essential skills in inquiry and analysis.
• Evidence-Based Teaching: I base my teaching strategies on current educational research, continuously updating my methods to incorporate the latest findings in pedagogy.
• Research Mentorship: I mentor students in their research projects, providing guidance and support throughout the research process, from formulating questions to presenting results.

Example 4: Lifelong Learning and Adaptability

Philosophy Statement: I believe that education should prepare students for lifelong learning and adaptability in an ever-changing world. My teaching philosophy focuses on equipping students with the skills and mindset needed to continuously learn, adapt, and thrive in their personal and professional lives.

• Skill Development: I emphasize the development of transferable skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and effective communication that students can apply in various contexts.
• Adaptability: I incorporate flexible and adaptive learning activities that encourage students to embrace change and uncertainty, preparing them for the dynamic nature of the modern world.
• Continuous Improvement: I model a commitment to lifelong learning by continuously seeking professional development opportunities and staying current with advancements in my field.

Example 5: Reflective Practice

Philosophy Statement: I believe that reflective practice is key to effective learning and teaching. By encouraging students to reflect on their experiences and learning processes, I help them develop self-awareness and a deeper understanding of the material.

• Reflective Assignments: I include assignments that require students to reflect on their learning experiences, such as reflective journals, self-assessments, and reflective essays.
• Feedback Loops: I provide regular, constructive feedback and encourage students to reflect on this feedback and use it to improve their performance.
• Metacognitive Strategies: I teach metacognitive strategies that help students become more aware of their learning processes and develop skills to monitor and regulate their own learning.

Example 6: Problem-Based Learning

Philosophy Statement: I believe that problem-based learning (PBL) is an effective way to engage students and develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By presenting students with real-world problems, I encourage them to apply their knowledge and skills in meaningful ways.

• Real-World Problems: I design course activities and assignments around real-world problems that are relevant to the course content, encouraging students to apply what they have learned in practical contexts.
• Collaborative Learning: I use group work and collaborative projects as a key component of PBL, helping students learn to work effectively with others and leverage diverse perspectives.
• Facilitative Teaching: I take on the role of a facilitator, guiding students through the problem-solving process and providing support and resources as needed, rather than simply delivering information.

Teaching Philosophy Examples for Higher Education

Teaching philosophy examples for high school, example 1: growth mindset and resilience.

Teaching Philosophy:

I believe that fostering a growth mindset is crucial for students’ academic and personal development. In my classroom, I emphasize the value of effort, perseverance, and learning from mistakes. I create a supportive environment where students are encouraged to take risks and view challenges as opportunities to grow. By modeling resilience and a positive attitude towards learning, I help students build the confidence and grit necessary to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.

Example 2: Real-World Connections

Education should connect students to the real world, making learning relevant and meaningful. I design my lessons to bridge the gap between classroom concepts and real-life applications. Through project-based learning, community involvement, and interdisciplinary approaches, I aim to show students the practical significance of their studies. This approach not only enhances engagement but also helps students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are essential for their future careers and everyday lives.

Example 3: Collaborative Learning

Collaboration is a key component of effective learning. I believe that students learn best when they work together, share ideas, and support each other’s growth. In my classroom, I encourage group activities, peer tutoring, and cooperative projects. By fostering a collaborative learning environment, I help students develop communication, teamwork, and leadership skills. This not only enhances their academic performance but also prepares them for success in a collaborative world.

Example 4: Individualized Instruction

Every student is unique, with their own strengths, interests, and learning needs. My teaching philosophy revolves around individualized instruction, where I tailor my teaching strategies to meet the diverse needs of my students. By using formative assessments, differentiated instruction, and personalized feedback, I ensure that each student receives the support and challenge they need to thrive. My goal is to help every student reach their full potential and develop a lifelong love of learning.

Example 5: Integrating Arts and Creativity

Creativity and the arts play a vital role in education, enhancing students’ cognitive abilities and emotional well-being. I integrate arts and creative activities into my teaching to make learning more engaging and enjoyable. Whether through visual arts, music, drama, or creative writing, I encourage students to express themselves and explore their creativity. This approach not only enriches their learning experience but also helps them develop critical thinking, empathy, and a deeper appreciation for the world around them.

Teaching Philosophy Essay

Fostering a Growth Mindset

Central to my teaching philosophy is the concept of a growth mindset, as advocated by psychologist Carol Dweck. I believe that intelligence and abilities are not fixed traits but can be developed through dedication and hard work. This perspective is essential in encouraging students to embrace challenges, persist in the face of setbacks, and view effort as a pathway to mastery. To nurture a growth mindset, I emphasize the importance of effort, strategy, and progress over innate ability. I provide constructive feedback that focuses on specific strategies and behaviors, rather than labeling students’ abilities, and celebrate improvements and perseverance alongside achievements.

Creating an Inclusive and Supportive Classroom Environment

An inclusive and supportive classroom environment is vital for student engagement and success. I am committed to creating a space where all students feel valued, respected, and empowered to express their ideas and perspectives. This involves recognizing and addressing diverse learning needs, backgrounds, and experiences. I employ differentiated instruction strategies to cater to varied learning styles and provide multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression. By fostering a culture of mutual respect and collaboration, I encourage students to learn from one another and develop a sense of community and belonging.

Integrating Real-World Applications

Connecting classroom learning to real-world applications is crucial in making education relevant and meaningful. I strive to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical experience by incorporating real-life examples, case studies, and problem-solving activities into my lessons. This approach not only enhances students’ understanding and retention of concepts but also equips them with critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for their future endeavors. By demonstrating the practical implications of academic content, I aim to inspire students to see the value and relevance of their education beyond the classroom.

Reflective Practice and Continuous Improvement

As an educator, I am committed to reflective practice and continuous improvement. I regularly assess and refine my teaching methods based on feedback from students, colleagues, and self-reflection. I stay informed about current educational research and best practices and seek professional development opportunities to enhance my skills and knowledge. By modeling a commitment to lifelong learning, I aim to inspire my students to adopt a similar mindset.

In conclusion, my teaching philosophy is grounded in the belief that every student has the potential to succeed when provided with a supportive, inclusive, and engaging learning environment. By fostering a growth mindset, creating a sense of community, integrating real-world applications, and continuously reflecting on and improving my practice, I strive to empower my students to become confident, curious, and capable learners. Education is not merely about imparting knowledge but about inspiring a lifelong love of learning and equipping students with the skills and mindset needed to navigate and contribute to an ever-changing world.

How to Write a Teaching Philosophy?

1. reflect on your beliefs about teaching and learning.

Consider what you believe about:

• The purpose of education.
• How students learn best.
• The role of a teacher in the learning process.
• The most important outcomes of education.

2. Identify Your Teaching Methods

Think about the strategies and techniques you use or plan to use:

• How do you engage students?
• How do you assess student understanding and progress?
• What instructional methods do you prefer (e.g., lectures, group work, hands-on activities)?

3. Provide Examples

Use specific examples to illustrate your teaching methods and beliefs:

• Describe a successful lesson or activity.
• Share anecdotes or experiences that highlight your approach.
• Explain how you’ve adapted to meet the needs of diverse learners.

4. Discuss Your Goals for Students

What do you hope students gain from your teaching?

• Critical thinking skills .
• Subject-specific knowledge.
• Lifelong learning habits.

5. Explain How You Assess and Reflect on Your Teaching

How do you measure your effectiveness as a teacher?

• Student feedback.
• Self-reflection.
• Professional development activities.

6. Keep It Personal and Specific

Your teaching philosophy should reflect your unique approach and experiences. Avoid generic statements; instead, focus on what makes your teaching style distinctive.

7. Structure Your Statement

A well-organized teaching philosophy might include:

• Introduction : Brief overview of your teaching beliefs.
• Body : Detailed description of your teaching methods, goals, and examples.
• Conclusion : Summary of your teaching philosophy and its implications for your future practice.

8. Revise and Edit

• Ensure clarity and coherence.
• Seek feedback from colleagues or mentors.
• Revise for conciseness and impact.

Why teaching Philosophy is Important?

A teaching philosophy is important for several reasons, serving as a foundational element for educators. Here are key reasons why it’s important:

1. Clarifies Your Teaching Approach

• Articulates Beliefs : It helps you articulate your beliefs about education, learning, and teaching.
• Defines Methods : It clarifies the methods and strategies you use in the classroom.

2. Guides Professional Development

• Reflection : Writing a teaching philosophy encourages self-reflection on your teaching practices and experiences.
• Improvement : It highlights areas for professional growth and improvement.

3. Enhances Communication

• Transparency : It provides transparency to students, colleagues, and administrators about your approach to teaching.
• Expectations : It sets clear expectations for your students about what they can expect from you as an educator.

4. Supports Career Advancement

• Job Applications : A well-crafted teaching philosophy is often required in job applications for teaching positions.
• Promotion and Tenure : It can be a critical component of promotion and tenure dossiers in academic settings.

5. Improves Student Learning

• Consistency : A teaching philosophy helps maintain consistency in teaching practices, which can improve student learning outcomes.
• Alignment : It ensures that your teaching methods are aligned with your educational goals and objectives.

1. Teaching Philosophy Template

2. Teaching Philosophy Sample

3. Teaching Philosophy Statement

4. Components of Teaching Philosophy Statement

A teaching philosophy is a reflective statement outlining an educator’s beliefs, values, and practices about teaching and learning.

It guides instructional strategies, shapes classroom environment, and communicates teaching values to students and colleagues.

Reflect on your teaching beliefs, methods, and goals. Begin with a clear introduction stating your educational principles.

Typically, a teaching philosophy is 1-2 pages long, concisely covering key points.

It provides a consistent, thoughtful approach to teaching, enhancing student learning and engagement.

Yes, it evolves with new experiences, reflections, and educational advancements.

Yes, concrete examples illustrate your teaching practices and philosophy in action.

Revisit and update it annually or when significant teaching experiences occur.

Use it in job applications, tenure dossiers, and as a reflective tool for continuous improvement.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

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