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Recent post, sanskrit quotes on rakshabandhan (रक्षाबंधन) and the story behind the festival.

18 August 2024

Happy Sanskrit Day – शुभ संस्कृत दिवस।

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14 August 2024

World Environment Day in Sanskrit

Sanskrit and its literature have always respected and celebrated the environment. Take this Shloka from Atharvaveda as an example; it establishes a sacred connection between mother nature and us (humans), setting a very deep precedent for how we should be treating our fellow earthlings. Happy Environment Day to you!

प्रकृतिरेव शरणम्।

संरक्षेद्दूषितो न स्याल्लोकः मानवजीवनम्।

माता भूमिः पुत्रोऽहं पृथिव्याः।

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शैले शैले न माणिक्यं मौतिकं न गजे गजे । साधवो नहि सर्वत्र चन्दनं न वने वने ॥  

Read next - Relevant Sanskrit Shlokas with Meaning in Hindi & English

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Very nice post

plese send me all Sanskrit masseges to my Email to read every day

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पर्यावरणम् | Environment Essay in Sanskrit

“स्वल्यं तथायुर्बहुवश्च विनाः”

कलियुगे मानवाः दीर्घजीविनो न भवन्ति । केचित् व्याधिपीडिताः, केचित् क्षुधा ताडिताः, केचित् दरिद्रता दूषिताः, केचित् पर्यावरण-भक्षिताः जनाः अल्पायुषाः भवन्ति प्रतिदिनम् यमलोकम् प्रयान्ति च । तेषु अन्येषु च कारणेषु प्रदूषितम पर्यावरणम् अत्यधिकम् जीवन घातकम् वर्तते । अनेन मानव-शरीरे शनैः-शनैः विषारोपणम् क्रियते । अन्ते च अंगहीनो भूत्वा, अन्धो भूत्वा हृद्-रोगी भूत्वा च मृत्योः शरणम् गच्छति । ।

प्रकृति; अस्माकम् संरक्षिका अस्ति । अभ्रंकषाः पर्वताः, मर्यादिताः गम्भीराः सागराः, सघनानि वनानि, सोत्पलानि सरांसि, नर्तनपरा: नराः, अस्माकम् जविन-वृक्षम् सम्वर्धयन्ति । हर्षिताः तरः प्रसन्ना लतः वायोः विकारान् स्वयम् पिबन्ति अस्मभ्यम् स्वास्थ्य प्रदम् वायुमण्डलम् प्रयच्छन्ति । वृक्षाः नाना प्रकाराणि फलानि, पुष्पाणि च दत्त्वा अस्मान् बहु उपकुर्वन्ति । वातावरणस्य वायोश्च परिशोधनम् कुर्वन्ति । वनानि एवं पर्यावरणस्य सन्तुलनम् स्थापयन्ति ।।

साम्प्रतम् वयम् प्रकृतेः दूरातूदूरतः जातः । को कथा वनानाम्, इदानीम्। तु पत्राणि, पुष्पाणि, फलानि अपि न दृश्यन्ते । वनानि छिन्द्यन्ते, फलाच्छादितानि उद्यानानि उच्छिद्य नवानि भवनानि, नगराणि, फैक्ट्री इति नामधेयानि यन्त्रागाराणि निर्मीयन्ते । नगराणि महानगराणि जातानि । कृषियोग्यानि क्षेत्राणि विनष्टीकृत्य हट्टानि विनिर्मीयन्ते ।।

भौतिकवादी युगे इदानीम् ‘डीजल’ पैट्रोल इत्यादि नामकैः तैलैः चालितानि यानानि, राजमार्गान् धूम्रमयान् कुर्वन् इतस्तत: धावन्ति गगने । वायुयानानि उड्डीयन्ते तेषु निर्गता घुमशिखाऽपि घातका एव । विभिन्नेषु उद्योग-संस्थानेषु यन्त्राणि अहर्निशं धूमायन्ति वायुमण्डलम् । अधुना तु स्वास्थ्य हानिकर वायु प्रदूषणम् प्रतिक्षणम् वर्धते एव ।।

पर्वतानाम् शिलाखण्डानि विदार्य वनानि विच्छिद्य राजमार्गाणि विनिमयन्ते । तेषु गिरि मागेषु दीघनि यानानि धावन्ति । नाना प्रकाराणाम् अखाणाम् परीक्षणैः समुद्रस्य वातावरणम् अपि प्रदूष्यते । पर्वतानाम् वनसंरक्षणे चिपको आन्दोलनस्य जनकः श्री सुन्दरलाल बहुगुणा महोदयः भूरि-भूरि प्रशंसनीयः येन स्वकीये आन्दोलने समागतानि कष्टानि अविगणय्य पर्वतीयानि वनानि, वृक्षाणि च संरक्षितानि ।।

यथा प्रदूषण-विस्तारकाणि यन्त्राणि यानानि च परिवर्धन्ते तथा प्रदूषण-परिशोधन साधनानि न वर्धन्ते । धन-लाभाय वनानि छिन्यन्ते । मनोरंजनाय

Also Read: Essay on Durga Puja Essay on Environment Essay on Ganga River Essay on Himalaya Mountain Essay on Ideal Citizen Essay on Mahabharata

2 thoughts on “पर्यावरणम् | Environment Essay in Sanskrit”

Essay but many words are very tough words

ok. Will try to post another copy of this essay in simpler words. 🙂

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The Past Teaching the Present: Ancient Sanskrit Texts Discuss the Importance of Environmental and Species Conservation

• Read Later  

One of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century is the destruction of the natural environment. Researchers have found that environmental change over the last 60 years is happening at a rate unseen in the past 10 000 years. Human-driven climate change, the loss of biosphere integrity, land system change, and the high amounts of biochemicals flowing into oceans due to fertilizer use are said to have reached an unsafe level. With these problems in mind, environmental conservation has become a hot topic in modern society. Nevertheless, this concept has been around for a much longer period of time, and can even be found in Sanskrit texts from ancient India.

The Environment and Human Connection

Lessons about environmental conservation can be found within the teachings of Hinduism. Adherents of this religion believe, for instance, that the environment is made up of five great elements – space, air, fire, water, and earth. The human body is also composed of and is related to these elements. Additionally, each of the five senses is connected to one of the five elements. The link between the senses and the elements forms the basis for the bond between human beings and the natural world. Therefore, in the teachings of the Hindu faith, it is believed that the environment is not an external entity, but an intrinsic, inseparable part of human existence, as they constitute the human body.

The five elements of nature and the human body (earth, air, fire, water and ether/space) interconnect according to the Hindu faith. ( Economy.rs )

Dharma and Environmental Conservation

With this belief in mind, one may better understand the idea of protecting the environment as part of Dharma . The word Dharma has been translated as ‘duty’, ‘virtue’, ‘cosmic order’, and even ‘religion’. It has been pointed out that in the past, Indian communities did not view religion, ethics, and the environment as separate aspects of life, instead there was interconnectedness between the elements - much like the way they viewed the relationship between human beings and the natural world. For example, the Bishnois protected animals and trees, the Swadhyayis built Vrikshamandiras (tree temples) and Nirmal Nirs (water harvesting sites) and the Bhils practiced their rituals in sacred groves. Rather than seeing their actions as ‘restoring the environment’, these communities understood that they were expressing reverence for the environment in accordance with the teachings of Hinduism.

Illustration of the Khejarli Massacre (1730) in which 363 Bishnol men, women, and children were killed while trying to protect trees from being cut down. ( Wikimedia Commons )

The Code of Manu Samhita: Protection of Fauna and Flora

A more ‘active’ form of environmental conservation may be found in an important Sanskrit code of law known as the Manu Samhita . It is stated in the Manu Samhita that the protection of animals is one of the duties of a king. In the text, various offences against animals and the respective punishments are also listed. For example, if a person wounds an animal, the offender would be required to bear the cost of the treatment. If a noble animal (e.g. a cow, an elephant, or a horse) is harmed, a fine would be imposed on the offender. Furthermore, protection is given to many animals that are sacred in Hinduism and the killing of certain animals, including cats, snakes, monkeys and various birds, is a sin, and is punishable. Protection is extended to plant life as well. As an example, the punishment for felling live trees for the construction of factories, dams, bridges, etc., or for the purpose of obtaining firewood is the condemnation of the offender as a degraded person.

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The ancient Hindu belief holds cows as symbols of abundance, power, and altruistic giving. ( Himalayan Academy/Wikimedia Commons )

Reincarnation and the Unity of the Animal Kingdom

Hinduism, however, is not the only religion originating in India that promotes environmental conservation. This concept can also be found in the teachings of Buddhism. For example, the Sanskrit Jatakamala is a collection of tales regarding the past lives of the Buddha. Of the 34 tales, the Buddha is reincarnated as an animal, a bird, or a fish a total of 14 times. As this belief in reincarnation suggests that human beings may be reborn as animals and vice versa , the Jatakamala reminds its readers that there is an inherent unity and continuity between the human beings and the animal kingdom. Thus, the message of respecting and revering the environment is once more echoed.

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Bhutanese painting of the Jataka Tales, showing reincarnation. Phajoding Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan ( Wikimedia Commons )

Using Ancient Teachings in Today’s World

These are some of the messages passed down from the ancient Indians regarding environmental and species conservation. Their message is one that human beings today ought to pay attention to. By viewing the natural world as an inseparable part of human existence, we may learn to treat it with more respect and reverence, and therefore begin to better protect it, rather than exploiting it to satisfy humanity’s seemingly insatiable desires.    

Featured image: “Krishna and Balarama Taking the Cattle to Graze” from a Bhagavata Purana Manuscript (1520-1540), Museum Rietberg, Zurich ( Wikimedia Commons )

Down To Earth, 2015. `Ancient Indian literature displays exact knowledge of environmental phenomena'. [Online] Available at: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/ancient-indian-literature-displays-exact-knowledge-of-environmental-phenomena-49232

Jain, P., 2010. Ten Key Hindu Environmental Teachings. [Online] Available at: http://www.greenfaith.org/files/top-10-hindu-teachings-handout

Milman, O., 2015. Rate of environmental degradation puts life on Earth at risk, say scientists. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/15/rate-of-environmental-degradation-puts-life-on-earth-at-risk-say-scientists

Nair, S. M., 2015. Cultural Traditions of Nature Conservation in India. [Online] Available at: http://ccrtindia.gov.in/readingroom/nscd/ch/ch11.php

Sensarma, P., 1998. Conservation of Biodiversity in Manu-Samhita. [Online] Available at: http://www.dli.gov.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_2/20005a60_267.pdf

About this western phenomenon of protecting trees, it's basically the media applying Occam's razor principle; https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam 's_razor

In doing so, by boiling down an acknowledgement that the whole biosphere is under threat, in so many ways, they use trees as a pinnacle example so then 'resource exploitation' and business can carry on uninterrupted, government's can be seen as 'doing something to avert disaster' and the plebs can drive past a few trees that got planted in awe, although they don't really promote biodiversity at all, trees themselves don't make an ecosystem. Hope it makes sense.

The protection of trees is peculiar anomaly in religious practices. Off the top of my head there aren't any equivalents to this practice in Greece, Persia, or the Near East (perhaps in old Greek rustic religions relating to Pan, and Canaanite Asherah worship). Seems strange considering many Indo European religions have a mother earth goddess figure within them

Wu Mingren (‘Dhwty’) has a Bachelor of Arts in Ancient History and Archaeology. Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods.... Read More

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The Bhagavadgītā : with an introductory essay, Sanskrit text, English translation and notes

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Sanskrit is regarded as the ancient language in Hinduism , where it was used as a means of communication and dialogue by the Hindu Celestial Gods, and then by the Indo- Aryans . Sanskrit is also widely used in Jainism , Buddhism , and Sikhism. The term 'Sanskrit' is derived from the conjoining of the prefix 'Sam' meaning 'samyak' which indicates 'entirely', and 'krit' that indicates 'done'. Thus, the name indicates perfectly or entirely done in terms of communication, reading, hearing, and the use of vocabulary to transcend and express an emotion. An extraordinarily complex language with a vast vocabulary, it is still widely used today in the reading of sacred texts and hymns.

Origin & purity of Sanskrit

The Sanskrit language was termed as Deva-Vani ('Deva' Gods - 'Vani' language) as it was believed to have been generated by the god Brahma who passed it to the Rishis (sages) living in celestial abodes, who then communicated the same to their earthly disciples from where it spread on earth. The origin of the language in written form is traced back to the 2nd millennium BCE when the Rig Veda , a collection of sacred hymns, is assumed to have been written after being continued for centuries through oral tradition and preservation of verbal knowledge in the Guru-Disciple relationship. The purity of this version (Vedic period, 1500 – 500 BCE) of Sanskrit is doubtlessly reflected in the flamboyance of the perfect description of the forces of nature in the Rig Veda .

Vedic Sanskrit

Sanskrit in terms of its literary association is classified into two different periods, the Vedic and Classical. Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Vedas sacred texts, especially the Rig Veda , the Puranas , and the Upanishads , where the most original form of the language was used. The composition of the Vedas is traced to the period of 1000 to 500 BCE, until when Sanskrit had a vigorous tradition of being used consistently through oral communication. This early Sanskrit is rich in vocabulary, phonology, grammar, and syntax, which remains undiluted in its purity to this day. It consists of 52 letters in total, 16 vowels and 36 consonants. These 52 letters have never been tweaked or altered and are believed to have been constant since the beginning, thus making it the most perfect language for word formation and pronunciation.

The Sanskrit language has been the traditional means of communication in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Sanskrit literature holds the privilege of being used in ancient poetry, drama, and sciences, as well as religious and philosophical texts. The language is believed to have been generated by observing the natural progression of sounds created in the human mouth, thus considering sound as an important element of language formation. This is one of the prime reasons why Sanskrit has been rich in poetry and its expressive quality of bringing out the best meaning through perfect sounds that are soothing to the human ear. Vedic Sanskrit also contains abstract nouns and philosophical terms which are not to be found in any other language. The consonants and vowels are flexible enough to be grouped together to express nuanced ideas. In all, the language is like an endless ocean without a base due to its reach, complexity, and hundreds of words to express a single meaning or object.

Classical Sanskrit - AshtadhYayi

Classical Sanskrit has its origin in the end of the Vedic period when the Upanishads were the last sacred texts to be written down, after which Panini, a descendant of Pani and a grammar and linguistic researcher, introduced the refined version of the language. Panini's timeline is assumed to be around the 4th century BCE, when he introduced his work 'Ashtadhyayi', which means eight chapters, forming the only available foundational and analytical text of Sanskrit grammar. It is considered to be the only source of Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary today, because everything that existed before had never been recorded except via their mention in Panini's Ashtadhyayi .

The Ashtadhyayi contains 3959 systematised rules that are undiluted in brevity, full of wonderful analysis, explanation, and preferential usage of the language and word formation. The language is so vast that it has more than 250 words to describe rainfall, 67 words to describe water, and 65 words to describe earth, among other descriptions. This proves the magnanimity of Sanskrit when compared with current modern languages. However, different the sub-castes of Hinduism may be in their dialect, race, creed and rank, Sanskrit is considered and accepted as the only sacred language giving rise to the only available sacred literature by all, even though India has a repository of 5000 spoken languages. Panini was responsible for the standardisation of the language, which to this day remains in use in multiple forms. Sanskrit as a spoken language is rare and is spoken in some regions in India, some even claiming it as their first language, but it is proudly mentioned as one of the 14 original languages of India in its Constitution. It is largely used in Carnatic music in the form of bhajans, shlokas, stotras, and kirtanas, all indicating various hymns to the Gods, and songs and mantras of God worship.

Impact on other languages

Sanskrit has had a major impact on other Indian languages, such as Hindi, which is presently one of the official languages of India, and Indo- Aryan languages such as Kannada and Malayalam. It has impacted the Sino-Tibetan languages with the influence of Buddhist texts in Sanskrit and their translation and spread. Telugu as a language is considered to be highly lexically Sanskrit, from which it has borrowed many words. It has impacted Chinese language as China has picked up multiple but specific words from Sanskrit. In addition, Thailand and Sri Lanka has been enormously influenced by Sanskrit and have many similarly sounding words. The Javanese language is another which has been influenced by Sanskrit, along with the modern language of Indonesia and traditional language of malay spoken in Malaysia. Philippines has a minor influence from Sanskrit, but less than that from Spanish, for example. Above all, English, the current modern international language has also been influenced by Sanskrit and has picked up many loanwords from the ancient language (for example 'primitive' from ' prachin ', meaning historical, 'ambrosia' from ' amaruta ' meaning food of the Gods, 'attack' from ' akramana' meaning taking aggressive action, 'path' from ' patha ' meaning road or way, 'man' from ' manu ' meaning a male human, 'nirvana' from ' nirvan ' meaning divine liberation or transcendence, 'door' from 'dwar' meaning a doorway connecting two spaces, ''serpent' from ' sarpa ' meaning snake, etc.) since both are considered as Indo-European languages .

Sanskrit has a long and sacred history often traced back to the Gods and their worship. Starting as a spoken language of the Gods, it has come down to earth and has been diluted of its purity because variable interpretations, precise grammar, and complexity of its use have been accepted by few and avoided by many for its invincibility in vastness and understanding. In spite of its large vocabulary and richness of grammar and prose, many ancient scriptures and texts today are translated from Sanskrit, for none better than Sanskrit can offer such a luxurious literary understanding of the past as it serves as a tool for perfect human expression. Rightfully admired, renowned historian and author William Cooke Taylor acknowledges that “To acquire the mastery of this language is almost a labour of a life; its literature seems exhaustless”.

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Bibliography

• Danielou, A. Virtue, Success, Pleasure, and Liberation: The Four Aims of Life in the Tradition of Ancient India. Inner Traditions, 1993
• Feuerstein, G. In Search of the Cradle of Civilization. Quest Books, 2001.
• Hurry, K.F. A Brief History of India. Inner Traditions, 2003.
• Müller, F.M. Lectures On the Science of Language[And 1863], Volume 1. Nabu Press, 2010.
• Royal Asiatic Society. Centenary Supplement to the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain.. The Royal Asiatic Society, 2016.

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Joshi, N. (2016, August 22). Sanskrit . World History Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Sanskrit/

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Joshi, Nikul. " Sanskrit ." World History Encyclopedia . Last modified August 22, 2016. https://www.worldhistory.org/Sanskrit/.

Joshi, Nikul. " Sanskrit ." World History Encyclopedia . World History Encyclopedia, 22 Aug 2016. Web. 23 Aug 2024.

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Essay on Sun in Sanskrit

This is an essay on Sun in Sanskrit.

सूर्यः इति विषये संस्कृते निबन्धः।

सूर्य पर निबंध।

English and Hindi translation are given for better understanding.

This essay can be referenced by school students and Sanskrit learners.

Table of Contents

अस्माकं आकाशगङ्गायां सूर्यः स्वयम्प्रकाशी विशालः च तेजोगोलः अस्ति। सूर्यः वर्तुलाकारः अस्ति।

प्रभाते पूर्वदिशि सूर्यः उदेति। सूर्योदय​-समयः आनन्ददायकः अस्ति। सूर्योदय​-समये सूर्यस्य प्रकाशः तीव्रः नास्ति। अस्य समयस्य प्रकाशः स्वास्थ्याय लाभकारी अस्ति। सर्वे जनाः प्रातः उत्थाय सूर्यं प्रणमन्ति। तस्मात् अनन्तरम् एव ते कार्यस्य आरम्भं कुर्वन्ति। मध्याह्ने सूर्यस्य प्रकाशः तापकः अस्ति। सायङ्काले सूर्यः पश्चिमदिशि अस्तं गच्छति। तदा निशा भवति।

ऋग्वेदे अपि सूर्यस्य वर्णनम् अस्ति। ‘सूर्यः चराचरस्य आत्मा’ इति उक्तम्। ‘सूर्यः गगनस्य अलङ्कारः’ इति वैदिककवयः तस्य वर्णनम् अकुर्वन्। भानुः, आदित्यः, भास्करः, दिनकरः इत्यादीनि तस्य अन्यानि नामानि।

सूर्यस्य कारणात् धरायां जीवनं शक्यम्। वृक्षाः पादपाः च सूर्यस्य प्रकाशं गृहीत्वा स्वस्य भोजनं निर्मान्ति। सूर्यस्य ऊर्जा ‘सौर​-ऊर्जा’ इति नाम्ना प्रसिद्धा।

सूर्यः भारतीयानां प्राचीनदेवता। बालकाः प्रतिदिनं सूर्यनमस्कार​-आसनानि कुर्वन्ति।

सूर्यस्य विषये अयम् एकः श्लोकः –

आदिदेव नमस्तुभ्यं प्रसीद मम भास्कर​। दिवाकर नमस्तुभ्यं प्रभाकर नमोऽस्तु ते॥

asmākaṃ ākāśagaṅgāyāṃ sūryaḥ svayamprakāśī viśālaḥ ca tejogolaḥ asti। sūryaḥ vartulākāraḥ asti।

prabhāte pūrvadiśi sūryaḥ udeti। sūryodaya​-samayaḥ ānandadāyakaḥ asti। sūryodaya​-samaye sūryasya prakāśaḥ tīvraḥ nāsti। asya samayasya prakāśaḥ svāsthyāya lābhakārī asti। sarve janāḥ prātaḥ utthāya sūryaṃ praṇamanti। tasmāt anantaram eva te kāryasya ārambhaṃ kurvanti। madhyāhne sūryasya prakāśaḥ tāpakaḥ asti। sāyaṅkāle sūryaḥ paścimadiśi astaṃ gacchati। tadā niśā bhavati।

ṛgvede api sūryasya varṇanam asti। ‘sūryaḥ carācarasya ātmā’ iti uktam। ‘sūryaḥ gaganasya alaṅkāraḥ’ iti vaidikakavayaḥ tasya varṇanam akurvan। bhānuḥ, ādityaḥ, bhāskaraḥ, dinakaraḥ ityādīni tasya anyāni nāmāni।

sūryasya kāraṇāt dharāyāṃ jīvanaṃ śakyam। vṛkṣāḥ pādapāḥ ca sūryasya prakāśaṃ gṛhītvā svasya bhojanaṃ nirmānti। sūryasya ūrjā ‘saura​-ūrjā’ iti nāmnā prasiddhā।

sūryaḥ bhāratīyānāṃ prācīnadevatā। bālakāḥ pratidinaṃ sūryanamaskāra​-āsanāni kurvanti।

sūryasya viṣaye ayam ekaḥ ślokaḥ –

ādideva namastubhyaṃ prasīda mama bhāskara। divākara namastubhyaṃ prabhākara namo’stu te॥

Essay on Sun

The large self-illuminated ball of light called the Sun is located in the Milky Way. The Sun is round in shape.

The Sun rises in the east at morning. The time of Sunrise brings joy. At sunrise, the Sun’s rays are not harsh. The light rays at this time are good for health. Everybody prays to the Sun after getting up in the morning. Only after that, they start the day’s work. The Sun’s heat is scorching at noon. The Sun sets in the west in the evening. At that time nightfall occurs.

The Sun has also been described in the Rigveda. It was written that the Sun was the soul of the world. Vedic poets described the Sun as the ornament of the sky. Bhanu, Aditya, Bhaskara, Dinakara, etc. are some of the other names of the Sun.

Life is possible on the Earth because of the Sun. Trees and plants take sunlight and convert it into their food via the process of photosynthesis. The energy of the Sun is popularly known as Solar Energy.

The Sun is an ancient deity of Indians. Children perform Surya Namaskara Asanas everyday.

Following is a shloka about the Sun –

O Adideva (The First God), salutations to you. O Bhaskara (The Illuminated One), salutations to you. O Divakara (The Creator of Day), salutations to you. O Prabhakara (The Creator of Light), salutations to you. May your blessings always remain with me.

आकाशगंगा में सूर्य एक स्वयंप्रकाशी विशाल तेज का गोला है। सूर्य वर्तुलाकार है।

सुबह के समय सूर्य पूर्व दिशा में उगता है। सूर्योदय का समय आनंदमय होता है। सूर्योदय के समय सूर्य की किरणें तीव्र नहीं होती हैं। इस समय की किरणें स्वास्थ्य के लिए अच्छी होती हैं। सभी लोग सुबह उठकर सूर्य को नमस्कार करते हैं। इसके बाद ही वे काम शुरू करते हैं। दोपहर के समय सूर्य का प्रकाश बहुत तीव्र और तापक होता है। शाम को सूर्य पश्चिम में अस्त होता है। उस समय रात हो जाती है।

ऋग्वेद में भी सूर्य का वर्णन किया गया है। इसमें लिखा है कि सूर्य चराचर की आत्मा है। वैदिक कवियों ने सूर्य को आकाश का अलंकार बताया है। भानु, आदित्य, भास्कर, दिनकर इत्यादि सूर्य के कुछ अन्य नाम हैं।

सूर्य के कारण ही पृथ्वी पर जीवन संभव है। पेड़-पौधे सूर्य का प्रकाश लेते हैं और उससे अपना भोजन बनाते हैं। सूर्य की ऊर्जा ‘सौर ऊर्जा’ इस नाम से जानी जाती है।

सूर्य भारतीयों का एक प्राचीन देवता है। बच्चे प्रतिदिन सूर्य नमस्कार आसन करते हैं।

सूर्य के बारे में यह एक श्लोक है –

हे आदिदेव (प्रथम भगवान), आपको मेरा नमस्कार। हे भास्कर (चमकते हुए भगवान), आपको मेरा नमस्कार। हे दिवाकर (दिन के निर्माता), आपको मेरा नमस्कार। हे प्रभाकर (प्रकाश के निर्माता), आपको मेरा नमस्कार। कृपया आपके आशीर्वाद सदैव मेरे साथ रहें।

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Other Interesting Sections

Learn about Sanskrit Axioms which is a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.

Learn about Sanskrit Proverbs which are a short, well-known saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice.

Learn about Shloka or shlokas in Sanskrit which consists of four padas of 8 syllables each, or of two half-verses of 16 syllables each.

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पर्यावरण पर संस्कृत में निबंध। Essay on Environment in Sanskrit

पर्यावरण पर संस्कृत में निबंध। Essay on Environment in Sanskrit : वयं वायुजलमृदाभिः आवृत्ते वातावरणे निवसामः। एतदेव वातावरणं पर्यावरण कथ्यते। पर्यावरणेनैव वयं जीवनोपयोगिवस्तुनि प्राप्नुमः। जलं वायुः च जीवने महत्वपूर्णो स्तः। साम्प्रतं शुद्ध - पेय - जलस्य समस्या वर्तते। अधुना वायुरपि शुद्धं नास्ति। एवमेव प्रदूषित-पर्यावरणेन विविधाः रोगाः जायन्ते। पर्यावरणस्य रक्षायाः अति आवश्यकता वर्तते।

पर्यावरण पर संस्कृत में निबंध। E ssay on Environment in Sanskrit

I need essay on swach bharat

Bhai tree Ka nibandh chaiye Sanskrit me

http://www.hindivyakran.com/2018/09/essay-on-tree-in-sanskrit.html

I too wanted on the same 😢😢😢

may i get essay on atmosphere in Sanskrit language with detail. thank you.

निबंध दोबारा देखें. इसे अपडेट कर दिया गया है.

Ye nibhand pura nahi hai aur galtiya hai

I am a Sanskrit teacher and in essay there is lots of mistakes and it is incomplete please complete it 😠😠😡😡

https://www.hindivyakran.com/2017/12/essay-on-environment-in-sanskrit.html

Sir pls hindi essay ki pdf send kr skte hai kya

👌 अच्छा है पर पर्यावरण वर मराठी निबंध जाणून घ्या

environment essay in hindi

Very very important information sir thanks for sharing such a great information nice information

हिंदी ब्लॉग सम्बंधित आपकी बताई गई जानकारी हमे बहुत पसंद आई, शेयर करने के लिए आपका धन्यवाद Pollution in Hindi

thank you so much you can read also my blog perfect taiyari

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Vedas and Environment Sustainability

Sustainability is a ‘buzz’ word in present scenario. In today’s global environment every country is focusing on sustainable development. Sustainable Development implies meeting the need of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In other words, sustainability is the long-term maintenance of responsibility, which has environmental, economic and social dimensions.

It is interesting to know that the ancient Vedas have several references in them on environmental protection, ecological balance, weather cycles, rainfall phenomena, hydrologic cycle, and related subjects that directly indicate the high level of awareness of the seers and people of that time.

Ancient treasures of vast knowledge reveal a full cognizance of the undesirable effects of environmental degradation, whether caused by natural factors or human activities. The protection of the environment was understood to be closely related to the protection of the dyaus or heavens and prithvi or earth. Between these two lies the atmosphere and the environment that we refer to as the paryavaran . Many of the Rig Vedic hymns therefore vividly describe the Dyava Prithvi that is, they describe Heaven and Earth together.

The Rig Veda venerates deities like Mitra, Varuna, Indra, Maruts and Aditya , that are responsible for maintaining the requisite balance in the functioning of all entities of Nature whether the mountains, lakes, heaven and earth, the forests or the waters. Seers recognised that changes caused due to indiscreet human activities could result in imbalances in seasons, rainfall patterns, crops and atmosphere and degrade the quality of water, air, and earth resources.

There are many hymns seeking the blessings of the five basic gross elements or the pancha mahabhoota of Nature: akashor firmament, vayu or air, agni, tejas or fire, apah or water, and prithvi or earth. People were careful to refrain from activities that could cause harm to Nature’s bounties. It was understood that the well-being of Mother Earth depended on the preservation and sustenance of the environment.

For any inadvertent action leading to earth’s excessive exploitation the seers prayed for forgiveness, “Whatever I dig from thee, O Earth, may that have quick recovery again. O purifier, may we not injure thy vitals or thy heart”. The seers of Rig Veda speak on behalf of earth for its principle of replenishment “You give me and I give you”. They look at every entity of Nature with the eyes of a friend and sympathiser: “Mitrasyaaham chakshushaa sarvaani bhootaani sameekshe.”

The Rig Veda makes a clear reference to the presence of a protective layer ‘which we know now to be the ozone layer’ that filters the harmful rays of the sun and protects the earth and praises the radiation that enters the atmosphere that is responsible for the health of the environment. In a hymn of the Rig Veda the seer prays to the Ashvins for their indulgence for protection against any excessive solar flares that also affect earth’s temperature.

All four major Vedas ‘the Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Vedas’ recognise the importance of maintenance of the seasons’ cycles that are likely to get altered due to the climate change owing to inappropriate human actions. It is remarkable that the people in Vedic times regarded Nature and the environment in a holistic manner and revered each of its constituents and entities by carefully preserving them. “Do not harm the environment; do not harm the water and the flora; earth is my mother, I am her son; may the waters remain fresh, do not harm the waters… Tranquillity be to the atmosphere, to the earth, to the waters, to the crops and vegetation.” This Vedic prayer invokes divine intervention to bless and protect the environment.

~ KN Sharma

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World Sanskrit Day

One of the oldest languages, Sanskrit, developed from Proto-Indo-European dialects, was used to write Vedas and Hindu religious texts. Being the oldest language, Sanskrit holds a significant value in India’s history.

World Sanskrit Day celebrates the Sanskrit language and helps it get recognition globally.

This day is celebrated every year on Poornima of Shravana month, which also marks the holy festival of Raksha Bandhan.

IAS aspirants can read about the history and background of Classical languages in India at the linked article.

Students aspiring for competitive exams like UPSC prelims or IAS can read this article to understand the concept better.

Important Points on World Sanskrit Day

• It is an annual celebration on Poornima day of the Shraavana month as per the Hindu calendar.
• In 1969, the Government of India decided to celebrate Sanskrit Diwas on Raksha Bandhan Day to enlighten new generations about the ancient Indian language.
• The celebration honours the birth of the Sanskrit language and encourages people to practice the same.
• Sanskrit day speaks the importance of learning and knowing this language.
• In 2020, the Uttarakhand Government developed Sanskrit Grams to encourage the practice of this language.
• World Sanskrit day was celebrated on 22 nd August 2021 to promote the language globally.

Individuals preparing for the UPSC 2022 should know the said language and its usage. They can check news portals and reports to confirm when is World Sanskrit Day celebrated.

Some Facts About Sanskrit

• Sanskrit is the oldest language in the world, used to write Vedas , Upanishads and ancient documents.  
• Individuals should know that many languages spoken worldwide originated from Sanskrit scripts. It was ideally a pan-Indian language in the Vedic period .
• Various regional scripts like Bengali, Sarada, Gujrati and different southern scripts are in the said language.
• The computer-friendliness of Sanskrit makes it ideal for everyday use.
• A village called Mattur located in the Shimoga district of Karnataka has preserved the language.
• In 1786, English Philologist William Jones suggested that languages Latin and Greek are related to this language.
• Panini, Kalidas, Patanjali, Ved Vyas, Adi Shankaracharya, and Kalidas are prominent personalities who wrote classics in Sanskrit language.

Apart from understanding the importance of Sanskrit, individuals preparing for UPSC and IAS exam should be aware of the latest news on the said topic. This practice will help them answer the current affairs section confidently.

Latest News on World Sanskrit Day

• On 22 nd August 2021, PM Narendra Modi took to Twitter to celebrate World Sanskrit Day.
• Jammu and Kashmir Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha laid the foundation stone for the new building of Chudamani Sanskrit Sansthan on 20 th August as a part of World Sanskrit Day.
• Sanskrit University and Rajasthan Sanskrit Academy jointly organised a week-long celebration to commemorate the Sanskrit language. Various Sanskrit critics, poets, scholars and senior offices of the State Government took part in this celebration.

Hopefully, this article on World Sanskrit Day will help students prepare for competitive exams. They can always check educational portals and news reports to find updates on World Sanskrit Day 2022.

Frequently Asked Questions

Did the indian embassy conduct any programme on world sanskrit day 2021.

Yes, the Indian Embassy, in partnership with Nepal Sanskrit University, organised an international seminar on Sanskrit: Source of Eastern Culture on World Sanskrit Day 2021.

Who started World Sanskrit Day?

In 1969, the Ministry of Education of India issued an instruction to celebrate World Sanskrit Day.

What was the theme of World Sanskrit Day in 2020?

World Sanskrit Day commemorated the ancient Indian language and helped in its revival in 2020.

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• NEWS FEATURE
• 14 August 2024

Geology’s biggest mystery: when did plate tectonics start to reshape Earth?

• Michael Marshall 0

Michael Marshall is a science journalist in Devon, UK.

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Earth’s outer shell suffered a catastrophic break on 6 February last year, when a major fault came to life in southern Turkey. The Anatolian peninsula suddenly lurched to the southwest by as much as 11 metres relative to the Arabian peninsula. Nearly 60,000 people died in one of the most devastating earthquakes of modern times .

An earthquake such as this occurs because Earth’s crust is divided into shifting tectonic plates . The forces behind plate tectonics play a part in determining nearly everything about Earth, from its climate to the evolution of life.

What Turkey’s earthquake tells us about the science of seismic forecasting

Despite its importance, plate tectonics has remained somewhat of a mystery. Since the early twenty-first century, geologists have been gathering data in search of answers as to when and how plate tectonics began. But these studies have produced a mess of often-contradictory results. “You can have 30 people with 30 different specialisms and we will probably come up with 30 different numbers,” says petrologist Michael Brown at the University of Maryland in College Park.

“It is remarkable, the level of uncertainty over the start time of the process that controls the Earth system today and makes for our habitable planet,” says Peter Cawood at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. The uncertainty is so great that it extends across 85% of the planet’s 4.5-billion-year history, he says.

However, a consensus is slowly starting to take shape. Sifting through years of data, researchers are finding ways to make sense of the various analyses. Although many uncertainties remain, the history of plate tectonics is finally coming into view.

Hidden history

Since the 1960s, geoscientists have recognized that Earth’s outer shell — the lithosphere — is not one single solid piece, but a series of rocky plates that jostle against each other and gradually change position. Over millions of years, oceans widen and narrow, and continents move around the world, sometimes fusing to form vast supercontinents. Older parts of plates sink into Earth’s interior, where they get recycled. The rock mixes with other parts of the planet’s mantle — the semi-molten layer beneath the crust.

Why the Tongan eruption will go down in the history of volcanology

“Earth is the only planet we know that has plate tectonics,” says geologist Nadja Drabon at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It might not be a coincidence that Earth is also the only planet known to harbour life: the constant shuffling and recycling of rocks and minerals releases nutrients into the oceans and creates habitats for life. “That’s really important for Earth’s habitability.”

When Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, it was much hotter than today: the newborn Earth probably had a magma ocean rather than a solid surface, perhaps something similar to the planet 55 Cancri e, which has been studied by the James Webb Space Telescope . Eventually, the crust cooled, solidified and then broke up into plates that began jostling against each other and migrating around the surface. The big question is: when did all of that happen?

There’s little hope of finding direct evidence from this period because most of the rocks formed in those early days have long since been subducted into Earth’s interior, where they were melted and crushed. The Hadean eon, from Earth’s formation more than 4.5 billion years ago until 4 billion years ago, is the most obscure of all. “There’s no rock record from the Hadean,” says Brown. All that is left are tiny crystals called zircons, which are remnants of those Hadean rocks that later became incorporated into younger rocks.

The geological record of the subsequent Archean eon, which lasted until 2.5 billion years ago, is better but still fragmentary. “Only about 5% of rocks exposed at the surface today are Archean in age,” says Drabon.

Mount St Helens in Washington State erupted catastrophically in 1980. Along with Mount Hood in the background, it is part of a string of volcanoes that formed over a subducting plate. Credit: Bettmann/Getty

Despite this challenge, geologists have been able to glean that conditions were different in the Archean. “Parts of the rock record are completely different,” says Brown. The chemistry of the surviving rocks indicates that the mantle was hotter in the Archean 1 : “It’s probably at least 100 °C warmer and it may be as much as 250 °C” than it is today. That means the crust was also warmer, and therefore softer and less dense.

Such conditions aren’t compatible with the kind of plate tectonics seen on today’s planet, which require rigid plates that are dense enough to sink into the mantle at a subduction zone. The implication was that the young Earth did not have plate tectonics as we understand them today. Quite what it had instead is unclear. One possibility is a ‘stagnant lid’: a crust divided into plates that didn’t move much. Alternatively, instead of moving sideways as is the case today, the plates might have shifted up and down, buffeted by upwellings of hot rock.

Geologists have long tried to get a handle on when a more recognizable form of plate tectonics started, by looking for signs of subduction. The trouble is that the available data have pointed in many directions. “None of it provides an unequivocal smoking gun,” says Cawood.

Written in stone

In the past ten years, however, a consensus has been emerging. A key transition seemed to happen around three billion years ago: multiple lines of evidence indicate that the tectonic regime changed profoundly at this time. For example, a 2016 study found that the composition of the crust started to alter around three billion years ago 2 . Older rocks were mafic: they contained lots of magnesium and iron and were dense. However, by 2.5 billion years ago, rocks were more felsic, meaning they contained more silica and were less dense. The lower density meant that the plates could carry thick continents without sinking. Crucially, felsic rocks form only in the presence of water and heat. Today these rocks are created in subduction zones, so the emergence of felsic rocks between 3 billion and 2.5 billion years ago implies subduction was under way.

PastCast: Plate tectonics – the unifying theory of Earth sciences

“This is well studied,” says geophysicist Johanna Salminen at the University of Helsinki. Several lines of evidence point to a significant shift around three billion years ago, she says. For instance, metal isotopes in preserved rocks indicate that the modern continental crust began forming at this time 3 . However, other work has pointed to even earlier transitions. In 2017, a study found evidence of felsic rocks as early as 3.5 billion years ago, potentially pushing back the onset of subduction 4 . In line with that, a 2022 palaeomagnetic study found evidence that tectonic plates were moving horizontally at near-modern speeds 3.25 billion years ago 5 .

That same year, Drabon and her colleagues pushed back the time frame even further. They studied zircon crystals from the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa. Zircons that were more than 3.8 billion years old held traces of an extremely long-lived crust that had escaped melting for hundreds of millions of years, indicating that there was little or no subduction happening at that time. However, zircons less than 3.8 billion years old seemed to have been part of a younger crust, one that had been reworked through subduction 6 .

Several studies point to subduction well before 3 billion years ago, possibly even 3.8 billion years ago. But there is substantial debate about how widespread this early subduction was. “I think it’s a question of when you believe you can first see it as a global phenomenon,” says Brown. Much of the early evidence of subduction seems to reflect localized or short-lived processes, he says.

Some episodes of subduction might have been triggered by meteorite impacts, according to simulations of such strikes 7 . And a 2022 study of the Archean continental crust concluded that subduction was localized until at least 2.7 billion years ago 8 .

By contrast, true plate tectonics is global and continuous. Hard evidence of that only emerges around 2.2 billion years ago, Brown says. That’s when the oldest known supercontinent, dubbed Nuna or Columbia, was forming — reflecting a global process 9 .

Yet, even after that, the system kept changing. Rocks such as blueschists can form only when subducted rock is both dense and cold, and therefore sinks deep into the mantle. They appear in the rock record only about 800 million years ago, suggesting to some researchers that modern plate tectonics didn’t get going until then.

Step changes

To make sense of the emerging evidence, Cawood and his colleagues set out a possible scenario in 2022, in which they described seven phases of Earth history. The phases were all of different durations, ranging from more than 100 million to one billion years. Each was characterized by a particular mix of rock types, reflecting changes in the behaviour of the crust and mantle. The team identified everything that happened after 2.5–1.8 billion years ago as operating in “a plate tectonic framework” 10 (see ‘An origin story for plate tectonics’).

“I was really excited when I read that paper,” says Drabon. Although the exact details of the stages remain “a little bit up in the air”, she says, “I think they’re on the right track.”

Drabon’s team added new insights in a study published in May. She and her colleagues found evidence of deformed rocks from between 3.4 billion and 3.3 billion years ago, indicating that mountains were being formed then 11 .

And in a review published in July, Cawood and his colleagues gathered yet more evidence that a “primitive form of subduction”, which was short-lived and localized, operated in the Archean. Between 2.8 billion and 2.6 billion years ago, these isolated subduction zones gradually linked up to form a global network 12 .

What’s new is the agreement that the onset of plate tectonics was a process that played out in multiple stages over a long time. “It’s not a light switch,” says Brown. “It’s not a switch where we go from not-plate-tectonics to plate tectonics.”

Nature 632 , 490-492 (2024)

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Cawood, P. A. et al. Rev. Geophys. 60 , e2022RG000789 (2022).

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Nebel, O. et al. Precambrian Res. 408 , 107431 (2024).

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