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The Journal of Finance publishes leading research across all the major fields of finance. It is one of the most widely cited journals in academic finance, and in all of economics. Each of the six issues per year reaches over 8,000 academics, finance professionals, libraries, and government and financial institutions around the world. The journal is the official publication of The American Finance Association, the premier academic organization devoted to the study and promotion of knowledge about financial economics.

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Financial Economics concentrates on monetary activities such as the study of financial variables including prices, interest rates, and shares, as well as risk and other variables related to financial decisions. The Financial Economics Network on SSRN is an open access preprint server that provides a venue for authors to showcase their research papers in our digital library, speeding up the dissemination and providing the scholarly community access to groundbreaking working papers and early-stage research. SSRN provides the opportunity to share different outputs of research such as preliminary or exploratory investigations, book chapters, PhD dissertations, course and teaching materials, presentations, and posters among others. SSRN also helps finance scholars discover the latest research in their own and other fields of interest, while providing a platform for the early sharing of their own work, making it available for subsequent work to be built upon more quickly.

The Financial Economics Network (FEN) helps promote new scholarship in finance and fosters interdisciplinary discovery in areas that intersect with it including accounting, economics, marketing, psychology, and management. On FEN finance researchers can learn what the best minds in the field are working on as well as find the latest and cutting-edge research that may take years before it is published. This not only helps researchers decide what the contemporary thought-provoking questions are but also helps them decipher the openings in and possible extension to the extant literature.

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	Title	Type
1		journal	19.139 Q1	352	83	227	5043	1938	221	7.00	60.76	16.91
2		journal	17.654 Q1	234	108	410	6448	4495	409	8.04	59.70	16.43
3		journal	13.655 Q1	311	89	563	4857	6315	559	11.14	54.57	23.11
4		journal	8.337 Q1	187	63	137	3951	1052	135	5.81	62.71	21.92
5		journal	8.051 Q1	23	0	4	0	17	4	6.50	0.00	0.00
6		journal	7.769 Q1	77	61	129	3138	959	128	7.09	51.44	16.88
7		journal	7.539 Q1	280	161	229	20053	4236	215	17.16	124.55	34.52
8		journal	6.625 Q1	169	46	116	3101	767	116	5.71	67.41	25.62
9		journal	6.564 Q1	149	87	329	3460	1536	327	4.19	39.77	19.79
10		journal	6.315 Q1	29	15	75	866	715	74	2.74	57.73	12.12
11		journal	5.418 Q1	24	21	67	1089	665	67	2.24	51.86	29.31
12		journal	5.144 Q1	174	169	416	8711	3684	414	5.66	51.54	26.87
13		journal	4.854 Q1	44	32	59	2391	319	57	5.39	74.72	19.40
14		book series	4.691 Q1	10	0	17	0	42	17	2.47	0.00	0.00
15		journal	4.640 Q1	192	165	270	10817	1573	268	4.67	65.56	35.06
16		journal	4.583 Q1	159	98	279	5155	1276	275	4.11	52.60	22.59
17		journal	3.980 Q1	147	221	274	12411	1404	274	4.79	56.16	20.86
18		journal	3.490 Q1	142	52	190	6142	2101	186	11.07	118.12	37.50
19		journal	3.328 Q1	15	21	21	1682	360	21	17.14	80.10	28.81
20		journal	3.182 Q1	131	142	650	8439	5852	646	7.93	59.43	28.22
21		journal	3.095 Q1	90	33	100	1654	556	99	3.58	50.12	16.00
22		journal	3.086 Q1	124	91	267	6779	1364	266	4.16	74.49	31.80
23		journal	2.928 Q1	126	55	175	6323	1727	167	8.15	114.96	36.77
24		journal	2.576 Q1	128	20	59	2190	697	48	11.26	109.50	40.00
25		journal	2.548 Q1	124	102	255	10927	2629	254	7.16	107.13	38.71
26		journal	2.481 Q1	12	0	47	0	64	47	1.38	0.00	0.00
27		journal	2.267 Q1	51	33	83	1207	560	77	2.17	36.58	25.86
28		journal	2.251 Q1	147	216	552	11451	2000	549	3.13	53.01	25.05
29		journal	2.191 Q1	91	33	85	1120	308	76	3.74	33.94	21.92
30		journal	2.169 Q1	19	3	8	481	49	8	2.33	160.33	40.00
31		journal	2.131 Q1	80	26	109	1648	452	109	3.27	63.38	23.94
32		journal	2.011 Q1	50	37	98	1776	333	87	2.49	48.00	22.78
33		journal	1.941 Q1	85	90	145	8919	1110	131	7.93	99.10	45.60
34		journal	1.903 Q1	101	1243	1670	33251	16289	1670	9.07	26.75	35.00
35		journal	1.880 Q1	123	151	253	6966	500	250	1.66	46.13	23.91
36		journal	1.875 Q1	98	33	93	2266	332	92	2.78	68.67	34.83
37		journal	1.860 Q1	23	41	82	2279	685	80	10.72	55.59	34.95
38		journal	1.837 Q1	73	62	219	4071	1291	214	6.40	65.66	29.63
39		journal	1.834 Q1	84	69	167	7333	1280	166	7.23	106.28	34.31
40		journal	1.832 Q1	91	451	796	30286	7266	794	8.37	67.15	36.09
41		journal	1.784 Q1	102	32	147	1546	477	146	2.55	48.31	43.37
42		journal	1.732 Q1	101	151	409	8147	2936	403	5.90	53.95	38.02
43		journal	1.663 Q1	197	229	652	12701	3011	641	4.08	55.46	24.66
44		journal	1.640 Q1	45	25	44	1541	395	43	9.38	61.64	21.54
45		journal	1.616 Q1	86	46	118	2177	292	118	2.10	47.33	21.50
46		journal	1.557 Q1	66	35	116	1490	224	107	1.51	42.57	43.33
47		journal	1.522 Q1	106	159	420	6415	497	417	1.01	40.35	17.29
48		journal	1.520 Q1	81	23	72	1119	246	72	1.48	48.65	29.51
49		journal	1.466 Q1	40	40	125	1943	211	122	1.37	48.58	15.56
50		journal	1.351 Q1	113	150	418	7817	1386	412	3.23	52.11	21.74

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Research Topics & Ideas: Finance

120+ Finance Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

If you’re just starting out exploring potential research topics for your finance-related dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of finance-centric research topics and ideas.

PS – This is just the start…

We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.

If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .

Overview: Finance Research Topics

• Corporate finance topics
• Investment banking topics
• Private equity & VC
• Asset management
• Hedge funds
• Financial planning & advisory
• Quantitative finance
• Treasury management
• Financial technology (FinTech)
• Commercial banking
• International finance

Corporate Finance

These research topic ideas explore a breadth of issues ranging from the examination of capital structure to the exploration of financial strategies in mergers and acquisitions.

• Evaluating the impact of capital structure on firm performance across different industries
• Assessing the effectiveness of financial management practices in emerging markets
• A comparative analysis of the cost of capital and financial structure in multinational corporations across different regulatory environments
• Examining how integrating sustainability and CSR initiatives affect a corporation’s financial performance and brand reputation
• Analysing how rigorous financial analysis informs strategic decisions and contributes to corporate growth
• Examining the relationship between corporate governance structures and financial performance
• A comparative analysis of financing strategies among mergers and acquisitions
• Evaluating the importance of financial transparency and its impact on investor relations and trust
• Investigating the role of financial flexibility in strategic investment decisions during economic downturns
• Investigating how different dividend policies affect shareholder value and the firm’s financial performance

Investment Banking

The list below presents a series of research topics exploring the multifaceted dimensions of investment banking, with a particular focus on its evolution following the 2008 financial crisis.

• Analysing the evolution and impact of regulatory frameworks in investment banking post-2008 financial crisis
• Investigating the challenges and opportunities associated with cross-border M&As facilitated by investment banks.
• Evaluating the role of investment banks in facilitating mergers and acquisitions in emerging markets
• Analysing the transformation brought about by digital technologies in the delivery of investment banking services and its effects on efficiency and client satisfaction.
• Evaluating the role of investment banks in promoting sustainable finance and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in investment decisions.
• Assessing the impact of technology on the efficiency and effectiveness of investment banking services
• Examining the effectiveness of investment banks in pricing and marketing IPOs, and the subsequent performance of these IPOs in the stock market.
• A comparative analysis of different risk management strategies employed by investment banks
• Examining the relationship between investment banking fees and corporate performance
• A comparative analysis of competitive strategies employed by leading investment banks and their impact on market share and profitability

Private Equity & Venture Capital (VC)

These research topic ideas are centred on venture capital and private equity investments, with a focus on their impact on technological startups, emerging technologies, and broader economic ecosystems.

• Investigating the determinants of successful venture capital investments in tech startups
• Analysing the trends and outcomes of venture capital funding in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, or clean energy
• Assessing the performance and return on investment of different exit strategies employed by venture capital firms
• Assessing the impact of private equity investments on the financial performance of SMEs
• Analysing the role of venture capital in fostering innovation and entrepreneurship
• Evaluating the exit strategies of private equity firms: A comparative analysis
• Exploring the ethical considerations in private equity and venture capital financing
• Investigating how private equity ownership influences operational efficiency and overall business performance
• Evaluating the effectiveness of corporate governance structures in companies backed by private equity investments
• Examining how the regulatory environment in different regions affects the operations, investments and performance of private equity and venture capital firms

Asset Management

This list includes a range of research topic ideas focused on asset management, probing into the effectiveness of various strategies, the integration of technology, and the alignment with ethical principles among other key dimensions.

• Analysing the effectiveness of different asset allocation strategies in diverse economic environments
• Analysing the methodologies and effectiveness of performance attribution in asset management firms
• Assessing the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria on fund performance
• Examining the role of robo-advisors in modern asset management
• Evaluating how advancements in technology are reshaping portfolio management strategies within asset management firms
• Evaluating the performance persistence of mutual funds and hedge funds
• Investigating the long-term performance of portfolios managed with ethical or socially responsible investing principles
• Investigating the behavioural biases in individual and institutional investment decisions
• Examining the asset allocation strategies employed by pension funds and their impact on long-term fund performance
• Assessing the operational efficiency of asset management firms and its correlation with fund performance

Hedge Funds

Here we explore research topics related to hedge fund operations and strategies, including their implications on corporate governance, financial market stability, and regulatory compliance among other critical facets.

• Assessing the impact of hedge fund activism on corporate governance and financial performance
• Analysing the effectiveness and implications of market-neutral strategies employed by hedge funds
• Investigating how different fee structures impact the performance and investor attraction to hedge funds
• Evaluating the contribution of hedge funds to financial market liquidity and the implications for market stability
• Analysing the risk-return profile of hedge fund strategies during financial crises
• Evaluating the influence of regulatory changes on hedge fund operations and performance
• Examining the level of transparency and disclosure practices in the hedge fund industry and its impact on investor trust and regulatory compliance
• Assessing the contribution of hedge funds to systemic risk in financial markets, and the effectiveness of regulatory measures in mitigating such risks
• Examining the role of hedge funds in financial market stability
• Investigating the determinants of hedge fund success: A comparative analysis

Financial Planning and Advisory

This list explores various research topic ideas related to financial planning, focusing on the effects of financial literacy, the adoption of digital tools, taxation policies, and the role of financial advisors.

• Evaluating the impact of financial literacy on individual financial planning effectiveness
• Analysing how different taxation policies influence financial planning strategies among individuals and businesses
• Evaluating the effectiveness and user adoption of digital tools in modern financial planning practices
• Investigating the adequacy of long-term financial planning strategies in ensuring retirement security
• Assessing the role of financial education in shaping financial planning behaviour among different demographic groups
• Examining the impact of psychological biases on financial planning and decision-making, and strategies to mitigate these biases
• Assessing the behavioural factors influencing financial planning decisions
• Examining the role of financial advisors in managing retirement savings
• A comparative analysis of traditional versus robo-advisory in financial planning
• Investigating the ethics of financial advisory practices

The following list delves into research topics within the insurance sector, touching on the technological transformations, regulatory shifts, and evolving consumer behaviours among other pivotal aspects.

• Analysing the impact of technology adoption on insurance pricing and risk management
• Analysing the influence of Insurtech innovations on the competitive dynamics and consumer choices in insurance markets
• Investigating the factors affecting consumer behaviour in insurance product selection and the role of digital channels in influencing decisions
• Assessing the effect of regulatory changes on insurance product offerings
• Examining the determinants of insurance penetration in emerging markets
• Evaluating the operational efficiency of claims management processes in insurance companies and its impact on customer satisfaction
• Examining the evolution and effectiveness of risk assessment models used in insurance underwriting and their impact on pricing and coverage
• Evaluating the role of insurance in financial stability and economic development
• Investigating the impact of climate change on insurance models and products
• Exploring the challenges and opportunities in underwriting cyber insurance in the face of evolving cyber threats and regulations

Quantitative Finance

These topic ideas span the development of asset pricing models, evaluation of machine learning algorithms, and the exploration of ethical implications among other pivotal areas.

• Developing and testing new quantitative models for asset pricing
• Analysing the effectiveness and limitations of machine learning algorithms in predicting financial market movements
• Assessing the effectiveness of various risk management techniques in quantitative finance
• Evaluating the advancements in portfolio optimisation techniques and their impact on risk-adjusted returns
• Evaluating the impact of high-frequency trading on market efficiency and stability
• Investigating the influence of algorithmic trading strategies on market efficiency and liquidity
• Examining the risk parity approach in asset allocation and its effectiveness in different market conditions
• Examining the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in quantitative financial analysis
• Investigating the ethical implications of quantitative financial innovations
• Assessing the profitability and market impact of statistical arbitrage strategies considering different market microstructures

Treasury Management

The following topic ideas explore treasury management, focusing on modernisation through technological advancements, the impact on firm liquidity, and the intertwined relationship with corporate governance among other crucial areas.

• Analysing the impact of treasury management practices on firm liquidity and profitability
• Analysing the role of automation in enhancing operational efficiency and strategic decision-making in treasury management
• Evaluating the effectiveness of various cash management strategies in multinational corporations
• Investigating the potential of blockchain technology in streamlining treasury operations and enhancing transparency
• Examining the role of treasury management in mitigating financial risks
• Evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of various cash flow forecasting techniques employed in treasury management
• Assessing the impact of technological advancements on treasury management operations
• Examining the effectiveness of different foreign exchange risk management strategies employed by treasury managers in multinational corporations
• Assessing the impact of regulatory compliance requirements on the operational and strategic aspects of treasury management
• Investigating the relationship between treasury management and corporate governance

Financial Technology (FinTech)

The following research topic ideas explore the transformative potential of blockchain, the rise of open banking, and the burgeoning landscape of peer-to-peer lending among other focal areas.

• Evaluating the impact of blockchain technology on financial services
• Investigating the implications of open banking on consumer data privacy and financial services competition
• Assessing the role of FinTech in financial inclusion in emerging markets
• Analysing the role of peer-to-peer lending platforms in promoting financial inclusion and their impact on traditional banking systems
• Examining the cybersecurity challenges faced by FinTech firms and the regulatory measures to ensure data protection and financial stability
• Examining the regulatory challenges and opportunities in the FinTech ecosystem
• Assessing the impact of artificial intelligence on the delivery of financial services, customer experience, and operational efficiency within FinTech firms
• Analysing the adoption and impact of cryptocurrencies on traditional financial systems
• Investigating the determinants of success for FinTech startups

Commercial Banking

These topic ideas span commercial banking, encompassing digital transformation, support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the evolving regulatory and competitive landscape among other key themes.

• Assessing the impact of digital transformation on commercial banking services and competitiveness
• Analysing the impact of digital transformation on customer experience and operational efficiency in commercial banking
• Evaluating the role of commercial banks in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
• Investigating the effectiveness of credit risk management practices and their impact on bank profitability and financial stability
• Examining the relationship between commercial banking practices and financial stability
• Evaluating the implications of open banking frameworks on the competitive landscape and service innovation in commercial banking
• Assessing how regulatory changes affect lending practices and risk appetite of commercial banks
• Examining how commercial banks are adapting their strategies in response to competition from FinTech firms and changing consumer preferences
• Analysing the impact of regulatory compliance on commercial banking operations
• Investigating the determinants of customer satisfaction and loyalty in commercial banking

International Finance

The folowing research topic ideas are centred around international finance and global economic dynamics, delving into aspects like exchange rate fluctuations, international financial regulations, and the role of international financial institutions among other pivotal areas.

• Analysing the determinants of exchange rate fluctuations and their impact on international trade
• Analysing the influence of global trade agreements on international financial flows and foreign direct investments
• Evaluating the effectiveness of international portfolio diversification strategies in mitigating risks and enhancing returns
• Evaluating the role of international financial institutions in global financial stability
• Investigating the role and implications of offshore financial centres on international financial stability and regulatory harmonisation
• Examining the impact of global financial crises on emerging market economies
• Examining the challenges and regulatory frameworks associated with cross-border banking operations
• Assessing the effectiveness of international financial regulations
• Investigating the challenges and opportunities of cross-border mergers and acquisitions

Choosing A Research Topic

These finance-related research topic ideas are starting points to guide your thinking. They are intentionally very broad and open-ended. By engaging with the currently literature in your field of interest, you’ll be able to narrow down your focus to a specific research gap .

When choosing a topic , you’ll need to take into account its originality, relevance, feasibility, and the resources you have at your disposal. Make sure to align your interest and expertise in the subject with your university program’s specific requirements. Always consult your academic advisor to ensure that your chosen topic not only meets the academic criteria but also provides a valuable contribution to the field. 

If you need a helping hand, feel free to check out our private coaching service here.

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Top 140 Finance Research Paper Topics

Why finance topics? The search for interesting finance topics is a constant one. Of course, this is understandable because knowledge of hot topics in finance puts you ahead of the game. Students or researchers who major in business will, at one point or the other in their careers, make presentations, and submit research papers, essays,or help with dissertation or projects. With the headache of writing these papers aside, the challenge of picking finance topics always looms around. We have, therefore, carried out extensive research to present you with these 30 finance topics that will make your paper worth reading! When in doubt, this list of finance topics will surely come in handy to shed some light on that darkness!

Finding Excellent Topics in Finance

We offer you 30 researchable topics in finance. But why should we only catch fish for you if we can teach you how to fish too? The need to find unique topics in finance is on the increase. Here are some excellent tips that will help you choose appropriate finance topics:

• Find out unanswered questions from previous research works or develop on areas that require additional study.
• Read several theses to form ideas.
• Check economics topics . They may be more general but you can narrow down some of them.
• Search online for related topics that are unique, or make them unique to suit your purpose.
• Discuss your chosen topic with other students or people who have experience writing dissertations asking for their input.

Research Topics In Finance

In financial research, unique topics are pivotal to the overall success of the study. The reason for this is simple. Now put yourself in the shoes of professors who have read hundreds of theses and essays. They already know common topics that students like to write or work on. A hot research topic in finance will surely catch the attention of your professor and will likely earn you better grades. Writing finance research papers becomes much easier when you have superb finance research topics.

Here is a finance research topics list that will spark people’s interest in your research work and make your finance research paper worth reading! Ready for these research topics in finance? Read on!

• Merger and Acquisition: An Analytical Study of the Benefits and Set-backs.
• Capital Asset Pricing Model: Possible Solutions to its Inadequacies.
• Global Financial Crisis: A Critical Study of the Role of Auditors and Stakeholders.
• The Impact of Manipulating the Commodity Market on Future Commerce.
• Continuous-time Models: An exhaustive Comparative Analysis of its Application in Divers financial Environments.
• How Speculations Undermine the Stability of Banking in Asian Markets.
• Branding: Its Effect on Consumer Behavior.
• An effective strategy for managing inventory and controlling your budget.
• An analytical report on the various investments in tax-saving products.
• Using a systematic investment strategy to build stability for retail investments.
• How income tax is planned and implemented in India’s economy.
• A detailed analysis of how the Indian banking system operates.
• How does multi-level marketing work in different economies around the world?
• A detailed report on electronic payment and how it can be improved.
• A case study regarding senior citizen investment portfolios.
• Are there potential risks and rewards when comparing savings to investments?
• Is ratio analysis an effective component of financial statement analysis?
• How the Indian economy functions with its current banking operations.

Finance Research Topics For MBA

Here are some great finance research topics you can use toward your MBA. It’s sure to intrigue your professor and get you to look at finance from a different perspective.

• Investment analysis of a company of your choice.
• A detailed report on working capital management.
• Financial plans and considerations for saving taxes and salaried employees.
• A detailed analysis of the cost and costing models of the company of your choice.
• The awareness of investments in financial assets and equity trading preference with financial intermediaries.
• The perspective of investors and their involvement with life insurance investments.
• A detailed analysis of the perception of mutual fund investors.
• The comparative study between UIL and the traditional products.
• A detailed report on how the ABC company manages cash.

Corporate Risk Management Topics

These are some key topics you can use relating to corporate risk management.

• A detailed report on the fundamentals of corporate risk management.
• The analytical concepts relating to effective corporate and financial management within a company.
• How does corporate risk management affect the financial market and its products?
• What are risk models and how are they evaluated?
• How is market risk effectively measured and managed in today’s economy?
• How can a company be vigilant of potential credit risks they can face?
• What are the differences between operational and integrated risks in the corporate world?
• Is liquidity an effective strategy to lower financial risk to a company?
• How risk management can connect with and benefit investment management.
• The current issues that are affecting the modern marketplace and the financial risks they bring.

Healthcare Finance Research Topics

These are some key topics you can use relating to healthcare finance research.

• Is it better for the government to pay for an individual’s healthcare?
• The origins of healthcare finance.
• An analysis of Canada and their healthcare finance system.
• Is healthcare financing a right or a privilege?
• The changing policies of healthcare in the U.S.
• Can healthcare be improved in first-world countries?
• Can the healthcare system be improved or remade?
• How much influence does the government have on healthcare in a country?
• The impact of growing global health spending.
• Is free healthcare achievable worldwide?

Corporate Finance Topics

Corporate finance deals with processes such as financing, structuring of capital, and making investment decisions. It seeks to maximize shareholder value by implementing diverse strategies in long and short-term financial planning.

Corporate finance research topics broadly cover areas like tools for risk management, trend research in advanced finance, physical and electronic techniques in securities markets, research trends in advance finance, investment analysis, and management of government debt. The following corporate finance topics will surely minimize any risk of mistakes!

• Using the Bootstrapped Interest Rates to Price Corporate Debt Capital Market Instruments.
• Corporate Organizations: The Impact of Audit Independence on Accountability and Transparency.
• Buybacks: A Critical Analysis of how Firms can Buy Back at Optimal Prices.
• Merge and Acquisitions: Reasons why Firms still Overpay for bad Acquisitions.
• Corporate Finance: Ethical Concerns and Possible Solutions.
• Understanding the investment patterns relative to smaller and medium-capitalization businesses.
• A detailed analysis of the different streams of investment relating to mutual funds.
• Equity investors and how they manage their portfolios and perception of potential risks.
• How does investor preference operate in the commodity market in Karvy Stock Broking Limited?
• An analysis of the performance of mutual funds in the public and private sectors.
• Understanding how Videcon manages its working capital.
• The Visa Port trust and how it conducts ratio analysis.
• How the gold monetization scheme has affected the Indian economy and banking operations.
• How does SWIFT work and what are the potential risks and rewards?
• A detailed analysis of the FMC and SEBI merger.

Business Finance Topics

Every decision made in a business has financial implications. It is, therefore, essential that business people have a fundamental understanding of finance. To show your knowledge, you must be able to write articles on finance topics in areas such as financial analysis, valuation, management, etc. Here are some juicy business finance topics!

• Application of Business Finance: Its importance to the Business Sector.
• The Importance of Business Finance in the Establishment of Business Enterprises.
• Modernization of Business: Roles of Business Finance in Business Modernization.
• A detailed study on providing financial aid to self-help groups and projects.
• Is tax an effective incentive for selling life insurance to the public?
• Understanding how the performance of mutual funds can change within the private and public sectors.
• Is there a preference for different investment options from financial classes?
• A detailed analysis of retail investors and their preferences and choices.
• A study on investors and their perspective on investing in private insurance companies.
• How analyzing financial statements can assess a business’s performance.
• Increasing the accountability of corporate entities.
• Ethical concerns connected to business finance and how they can be managed.
• The level of tax paid by small to medium businesses.

International Finance Topics

As the world is now a global village, business transactions occur all around the world. No more are we limited to local trade, and this is why the study of international is essential and relevant. Here are some international finance topics that will suit your research purpose!

• Stock Exchange: How Important are the Functions of a Bank Office?
• Global Economic Crises: Possible Precautions to prevent Global Financial crisis.
• Bond Rating: the Effect of Changes on the Price of Stocks.
• How the Banking Industry can Decrease the Impact of Financial Crisis.
• Is it possible for a country to budget funds for healthcare for the homeless?
• The negative impact of private healthcare payments on impoverished communities.
• What sectors in healthcare require more funding at the moment?
• The dilemma of unequal access to adequate healthcare in third world countries.
• Can cancer treatment be more inexpensive to the public?
• The problem with the high pricing of medication in the U.S.
• Is there a better way to establish healthcare financing in the U.S?
• What are the benefits of healthcare finance systems in Canada and the UK?
• How can third-world countries improve their healthcare systems without hurting their economy?
• Is financing research a priority in healthcare and medicine?
• Does free healthcare hurt the tax system of a country?
• Why is free and privatized healthcare present in different economies?
• How does government funding affect healthcare finance systems?
• How do patient management systems work?
• Where does affordable healthcare financing fit in growing economies?
• The economic impact of COVID-19 in various countries.
• The healthcare policies of the Serbian government.

Finance Research Paper Ideas

Writing a research paper requires an independent investigation of a chosen subject and the analysis of the remarkable outcomes of that research. A finance researcher will, therefore, need to have enough finance research paper topics from which to choose at his fingertip. Carefully selecting a finance thesis topic out of the many finance research papers topics will require some skill. Here are some exciting finance paper topics!

• Behavioral Finance versus Traditional Finance: Differences and Similarities.
• Budgetary Controls: The Impact of this Control on Organizational performance.
• Electronic Banking: The Effect of e-Banking on Consumer Satisfaction.
• Credit and Bad Debts: Novel Techniques of management in commercial Banks.
• Loan Default: A Critical Assessment of the Impact of Loan Defaults on the Profitability of Banks.
• A detailed analysis of the best risk management methods used in the manufacturing industry.
• Identifying and measuring financial risks in a derivative marketplace.
• Exploring the potential risks that can occur in the banking sector and how they can be avoided.
• The risks that online transactions bring.
• What are the methods used to ensure quantitive risk management is achieved?
• A better understanding of policy evaluation and asset management.
• What makes traditional finance so different from behavioral?
• The significance of budgetary control in a corporate organization.
• How do loans benefit the profitability of banks?
• How do commercial banks assist their clients that are in bad debt?
• The various considerations we need to be aware of before making investment decisions.

Personal Finance Topics

Personal finance covers the aspects of managing your money, including saving and investing. It comprises aspects such as investments, retirement planning, budgeting, estate planning, mortgages, banking, tax, and insurance. Researching in this area will surely be of direct impact on the quality of living. Here are some great personal finance topics that are eager to have you work on them!

• Evaluation of Possible Methods of Saving while on a Budget.
• The Effect of Increase in Interest Rate and Inflation on Personal Finance.
• Benefits of Working from Home to both Employers and Employees.
• Will dental services be considered an essential medical service soon?
• Is affordable or free healthcare a right that everyone should be entitled to?
• The best ways to save money while on a tight budget.
• What happens to personal finance when inflation and interest rates rise?
• The financial benefits of working from home.
• Does innovations in personal finance act as an incentive for households to take risks?
• A detailed analysis of credit scores.
• The importance of credit and vehicle loans.
• A detailed analysis of employee benefits and what should be considered.
• The effect of tax on making certain financial decisions.
• The best ways to manage your credit.
• The difficulties that come with mobile banking.

Finance Topics For Presentation

Sometimes, you may need to present a topic in a seminar. The idea is that you can whet the appetite of your audience with the highlights of your subject matter. Choosing these finance seminar topics requires a slightly different approach in that you must be thoroughly familiar with that topic before giving the presentation. Interesting and easy-to-grasp finance topics are, therefore, necessary for presentations. Here are some topic examples that fit perfectly into this category.

• Analysis of the Year-over-Year Trend.
• Maximizing Pension Using Life Insurance.
• The Architecture of the Global Financial System.
• Non-communicable diseases and the burden they have on economies.
• Is there a connection between a country’s population and its healthcare budget?
• The spending capability of medical innovations in a third-world economy.
• The long-term effects of healthcare finance systems in the U.S.
• A detailed analysis of pharmaceutical marketing in eastern Europe.
• Understanding the reduction in medical expenses in Greece.
• Private payment for healthcare in Bulgaria.
• A complete change in healthcare policy worldwide. Is it necessary?
• The significance of electronic banking on the public.
• The evolution of banking and its operations.

So here we are! Surely, with this essay on finance topics that you have read, you’ll need only a few minutes to decide your topic and plunge into proper research! If you need professional help, don’t hesitate to contact our economics thesis writers .

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Gas-for-Coal Substitution in US Electricity Generation

Coal-fired power plants generate about 20 percent of US electricity. Prioritizing the generation of electricity using natural gas could immediately replace at least two-thirds of coal-fired generation in the US and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the electricity sector by at least 18 percent. That would correspond to a reduction of between 5 and 8 percent of total US energy-related CO 2 emissions, at a cost of $49 to $92 per ton of CO 2 , according to a new study, On the Feasibility, Costs, and Benefits of an Immediate Phasedown of Coal for US Electricity Generation (NBER Working Paper 32235), by Stephen P. Holland , Matthew Kotchen , Erin T. Mansur , and Andrew J. Yates .

The researchers analyzed 2022 data from the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which tracks hourly generation for each fossil fuel powered plant...

From the NBER Reporter: Research, program, and conference summaries

The Economics of Generative AI

Artificial intelligence (AI) is not a new field. The term was coined in 1956, but the field has only recently begun having significant effects on the economy.

Research in AI went through three eras. Early work focused primarily on symbolic systems with hand-coded rules and instructions. In the 1980s, expert systems, which consisted of hundreds or thousands of “if…then” rules drawn from interviews with human experts, helped diagnose diseases and make loan recommendations, but with limited commercial success.

From the NBER Bulletin on Entrepreneurship

Immigration Policy and Entrepreneurs’ Choice of Startup Location

Immigrants play a significant role in the entrepreneurial landscape. In the United States, immigrants are 80 percent more likely to start businesses than native-born Americans. More than half of America's billion-dollar startup companies trace their roots to immigrant founders. There is limited research, however, on the factors that influence immigrants' decisions about where to locate their startup businesses. 

From the NBER Bulletin on Health

C-section Rates and Birth Outcomes

Cesarean section (C-section) is the most common surgical procedure performed in the United States.  Sarah Robinson ,  Heather Royer , and  David Silver report that C-section rates for first-time, singleton births increased from 24 percent to 32 percent between 1989 and 2017 alongside significant changes in medical practices during this period. In 2001, for example, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists began recommending C-sections for breech births. The rising rate of C-sections has sparked a debate about whether this procedure is being overused. 

In  Geographic Variation in Cesarean Sections in the United States: Trends, Correlates, and Other Interesting Facts (NBER Working Paper 31871), the researchers study how cross-county differences in C-section usage correlate with infant and maternal...

From the NBER Bulletin on Retirement and Disability

Social Security and Retirement around the World

Over the past 25 years, labor force participation at older ages has increased dramatically. In the 12 countries that are part of the NBER’s International Social Security (ISS) project, participation among those aged 60 to 64 has risen by an average of over 20 percentage points for men and over 25 percentage points for women.

Featured Working Papers

Marcella Alsan ,  Yousra Neberai , and  Xingyou Yee document an American Medical Association-financed campaign against national health insurance after World War II. It used physician outreach to patients and civic organizations and mass advertising to tie private insurance to “freedom” and “the American way” to increase private insurance enrollment, and to reduce support for public insurance.

Stock valuation models created  Andrew Atkeson ,  Jonathan Heathcote , and  Fabrizio Perri can reproduce the realized values of stock returns, dividend growth, and the dividend-price ratio over the 1929–2023 period, suggesting that stock prices are not excessively volatile relative to dividends.

The assets purchased by central banks to counter the effects of the global financial crisis and the COVID pandemic experienced substantial capital losses as interest rates rose, which  Stephen G. Cecchetti and  Jens Hilscher label a fiscal policy impact of quantitative easing.

Controlling for worker attributes, the  difference between the hourly earnings of union members and nonmembers’ has fallen since the Great Recession, but this differential does not recognize the role unions play in maintaining members’ weekly earnings by ensuring they are able to work the hours they desire,  David G. Blanchflower and  Alex Bryson find.

Shumin Qiu ,  Claudia Steinwender , and  Pierre Azoulay find that China exhibits the largest home bias — researchers disproportionately citing work from their own countries — among major countries in nearly all scientific fields. Adjusted for home bias, China ranks behind the US, UK, and Germany in scientific citations.

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We survey the nascent literature on machine learning in the study of financial markets. We highlight the best examples of what this line of research has to offer and recommend promising directions for future research. This survey is designed for both financial economists interested in grasping machine learning tools, as well as for statisticians and machine learners seeking interesting financial contexts where advanced methods may be deployed.

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The Best Toilet Paper of 2024

Because it really does matter.

We've been independently researching and testing products for over 120 years. If you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. Learn more about our review process.

We revised this guide with current information and updated picks in May 2023.

When it comes to buying toilet paper, the last thing you want to do is throw money down the toilet (literally!) by stocking up on cheap rolls that end up feeling rough or by splurging on pricey TP that just doesn't hold up.

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Berkley jensen ultra soft bath tissue.

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Who gives a crap bamboo toilet paper.

After our picks, keep reading to learn more about how we test toilet paper and for a helpful shopping guide, but first, here is the best toilet paper to buy for your bathroom. Looking to cut back on toilet paper? Check out our list of top-tested bidets .

BJ’s toilet paper is one of the best values on the market, and it stood out across the board in our Lab tests. In fact, it earned the Good Housekeeping Seal . The toilet paper aced our absorbency tests, receiving a perfect score and soaking up more water than most other toilet papers we evaluated. Despite being thick, the two-ply toilet paper dissolved within seconds in our tests, meaning it's a safer option for your septic system. Plus, both our consumer testers and our softness-testing machine gave BJ's toilet paper high scores for feeling soft, and when we inspected the rolls, they were free of defects like pills and ply separation.

The downside is that this TP wasn't as strong as some other brands when wet, but that's to be expected of bath tissue that dissolves quickly. Even though BJ's is a club brand, you can still buy the toilet paper using a one-day online guest pass.

Ply	Two-ply
Roll count	32 rolls
Sheets per roll	244 sheets

Don't let the low price fool you; this Walmart brand toilet paper gives you good bang for your buck. The TP was a runner-up in our extensive Textiles Lab tests, earning high rankings for thickness and perfect scores for dissolving quickly. When we evaluated softness in a blind touch test, this toilet paper outperformed other more expensive rolls, and our consumer testers gave it top marks for softness during use.

The toilet paper proved strong in our dry strength and perforation strength tests (how easy it is to tear the perforated portion of the toilet paper), but it was a bit weaker when wet. If you ever find the toilet paper to be out of stock online for shipping, you may still be able to buy it ahead of time online and then pick it up from your local store. In some locations, you can even opt for delivery from the store.

Ply	Two-ply
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Roll count	12 rolls

Lots of toilet paper brands claim to be super plush, but nothing we've tested or tried comes close to the softness of Charmin. Both our consumer testers and specialized lab equipment designed to measure softness ranked it the softest in a blind comparison test. The two-ply construction was also strong overall and stood out in particular for having the highest strength when wet, so you don't have to worry about it crumbling while in use.

Unfortunately, its high strength means it didn't break down easily with water in our evaluations, so you may want to look elsewhere if you have a septic system or particularly old plumbing. But we still think it's a great pick if you don't have plumbing issues at home. Plus, when you buy this one in bulk packs, the price per sheet is similar to more affordable brands.

Ply	Two-ply
Sheets per roll	284 sheets
Roll count	18 rolls

With more than double the sheets per roll than other toilet papers we've tested , this TP from Scott is ideal for someone looking to shop in bulk. There are 36 rolls in each pack with 1,100 sheets per roll for a whopping 39,600 sheets of toilet paper in each pack. Online reviewers describe this pack of toilet paper as "long-lasting," with some sharing that it lasts their families months at a time. The toilet paper is on the thinner side, but it is still two-ply for added durability.

Unlike most other toilet papers, this one features a small core, which means the brand can fit more sheets per roll, but this may make it more difficult to slide over your current toilet paper holder. Although we haven't tested this particular toilet paper, we have evaluated others from Scott, and they received high scores for dissolving quickly, making the TP ideal for sensitive septic tanks or homes prone to plumbing woes.

Ply	Two-ply
Sheets per roll	1,100 sheets
Roll count	36 rolls

No one wants toilet paper that crumbles during use, so if you're looking for strong toilet paper that holds up, Cottonelle proved to be the best when we combined the wet and dry strength scores. It also had a perfect score in our visual analysis with no signs of pilling (so it doesn't leave pieces behind!), and the layers didn’t separate, which are two common TP issues.

It has two-ply construction with a rippled texture to help clean, and it was one of the most absorbent toilet papers in our test. It was still pretty soft despite not being super plush, and though it was slow to dissolve, it was still quicker than the plushest options we evaluated.

Ply	Two-ply
Sheets per roll	192 sheets
Roll count	36 rolls

While most toilet paper is only two-ply (and some just one), this TP actually has three layers, which makes it super thick and absorbent. When we put the toilet paper through a blind test, our testers and lab equipment gave it some of the highest scores for softness, and it received high ratings for overall softness during use.

It was also o ne of the strongest toilet papers when wet in our tests, but not surprisingly, it didn’t break down in our dissolvability evaluations, so avoid this one if you’re worried about clogs in your plumbing system. We also tested the brand’s two-ply Ultra Soft & Strong Toilet Paper , which was still thick but just not quite as soft, strong or absorbent and it still didn’t dissolve easily.

Ply	Three-ply
Sheets per roll	253 sheets
Roll count	32 rolls

When it comes to toilet paper, recycled rolls are the most sustainable option because they're both diverting waste and skipping the use of new pulp to create bath tissue. This pick from Seventh Generation was one of the top performers among the more sustainable brands we tested. T he two-ply sheets were fairly soft and absorbent, and they dissolved within seconds in our test, so they shouldn't wreak havoc in your septic system.

This toilet paper wasn't as thick or quite as strong as other TPs we tested, but it still outperformed a few of the "ultra soft" branded toilet papers in our blind softness test. It is one of the more expensive brands we evaluated when you calculate the cost per sheet, but we appreciate its lower environmental impact.

Ply	Two-ply
Sheets per roll	240 sheets
Roll count	12 rolls

Another option for sustainable toilet paper is made from bamboo, which touts itself as “tree free.” The bamboo toilet paper from Who Gives A Crap is three-ply instead of the usual two, and we were impressed by how soft it feels compared to other sustainable TPs we've tried. When we tested the toilet paper for dissolvability in our Lab, it dissolved more easily than some of the other toilet papers we've evaluated, so it shouldn't lead to clogging issues.

The brand skips plastic packaging and instead wraps each roll individually in eye-catching recycled tissue paper and ships it right to your door in a cardboard box. To ensure you never run out of rolls, there's a subscription service available. If you're skeptical of trying toilet paper made with bamboo, know that the brand does offer 30-day returns and a money-back guarantee — no questions asked.

Ply	Three-ply
Sheets per roll	370 sheets
Roll count	24 rolls

How we test toilet paper

At the Good Housekeeping Institute Textiles Lab, we test all kinds of bathroom necessities including menstrual products , wipes and toilet paper. Over the years, we've evaluated over 30 different types of toilet paper from both popular name brands and value brands to determine which rolls are worth it. When we test toilet paper, here's what we look for:

✔️ Absorbency: We individually immerse five sheets of each type of toilet paper in water to measure the amount of fluid each sheet is capable of absorbing.

✔️ Strength: There are many different ways to evaluate toilet paper strength including wet and dry tests. We use our Mullen Burst Tester to measure the force needed to burst through a stack of five sheets of toilet paper.

We then layer together five sheets of toilet paper and place them in our Instron machine, which pulls the toilet paper apart to measure its tensile strength. The Instron machine is also used to evaluate perforation strength (shown here), or how easy it is to tear the perforated portion of the toilet paper. For wet strength, we use our Instron machine and a Finch Cup to wet the toilet paper while it's pulled apart.

✔️ Softness: To scientifically measure softness, we outsourced testing to NCSU. They used their EmTec Tissue Softness Analyzer to evaluate and rate each sample of toilet paper for Hand Feel Factor. We also conducted a blind comparison test of the different types of toilet paper, inviting GH staff to feel each unmarked toilet paper and provide a softness rating.

✔️ Dissolvability: To determine whether or not the toilet paper will dissolve once you flush, we evaluated dissolvability. To test, we dropped a sheet of each toilet paper into a set amount of water spinning at a set speed. The amount of time it took for each one to dissolve was recorded. The less time the toilet paper took to dissolve, the less likely it is to clog your pipes and lead to septic issues.

✔️ Thickness: We stacked 10 sheets of toilet paper on top of each other and then used a caliper to measure the thickness.

✔️ Visual quality analysis: We visually examined sheets of each type of toilet paper, noting any defects like ply separation or pilling on the surface.

✔️ Consumer testing: To better understand how the toilet paper truly performs, we placed samples in restroom stalls at GH and asked users to rate each sample for softness during use. We also shared TP with consumer testers who were able to try it out in their own homes and share their thoughts.

What to look for when shopping for toilet paper

✔️ Ply: The number of plies in toilet paper is the number of layers per sheet. Two-ply toilet paper (i.e. two layers) is the most common, but you’ll also find one-ply, which dissolves faster, and three-ply, which tends to feel thicker and more luxurious.

✔️ Price: You don’t have to spend a fortune to get high-quality toilet paper. In fact, some of our top performers were some of the cheapest per sheet! Keep in mind that it pays off to buy in bulk. The more sheets per roll and the more rolls per package, the less you’ll end up spending overall.

✔️ Septic safe: If you're wondering what's the best toilet paper to use in a septic system, consider this: Even though some ultra-plush toilet papers were labeled as “septic safe,” some of the TP never dissolved in our tests after spinning at a high speed for over five minutes. If you’re worried about clogging, it’s best to avoid super thick options.

✔️ Sustainability : Recycled paper is the most sustainable option for toilet paper, but you can also opt for bamboo rolls. These types of toilet paper didn’t perform as well as most premium brands in our evaluations for properties like softness, durability and absorbency, but they tend to dissolve easily and are better for the environment overall than standard toilet paper.

✔️ Brand : When it comes to toilet paper, there’s no need to shy away from private label or store brands. In fact, some of them outperformed the popular name brands in our tests.

Why trust Good Housekeeping?

This article was written by GH Institute Textiles Lab executive director Lexie Sachs , who holds a B.S. in fiber science from Cornell University and has more than 15 years of experience in the textiles industry, including merchandising and product development for home products. Lexie joined Good Housekeeping in 2013 and has tested all kinds of paper products, including toilet paper. For this article, Lexie conducted extensive evaluations of more than 20 different types of toilet paper from popular name and generic brands.

Amanda Constantine most recently updated this article. She is a home and apparel reviews analyst who joined Good Housekeeping Institute in 2022. She worked with Lexie Sachs to review former testing data, researched popular toilet paper brands and also conducted toilet paper testing on newer brands in the Lab before updating picks for the best toilet papers.

Lexie Sachs (she/her) is the executive director of strategy and operations at the Good Housekeeping Institute and a lead reviewer of products in the bedding, travel, lifestyle, home furnishings and apparel spaces. She has over 15 years of experience in the consumer products industry and a degree in fiber science from Cornell University. Lexie serves as an expert source both within Good Housekeeping and other media outlets, regularly appearing on national broadcast TV segments. Prior to joining GH in 2013, Lexie worked in merchandising and product development in the fashion and home industries.

Amanda (she/her) researches and reports on products in the Good Housekeeping Institute 's Textiles, Paper & Apparel Lab, ranging from clothing and accessories to home furnishings. She holds undergraduate degrees in apparel merchandising and product development and advertising and marketing communications, as well as a master of science degree in consumer sciences from The Ohio State University. Prior to joining Good Housekeeping in 2022, Amanda was a lecturer for the fashion and retail studies program at Ohio State, where she taught fashion and textiles courses.

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Staff Working Papers Working Paper 24-03: The Lock-In Effect of Rising Mortgage Rates

​​​​​​Ross M. Batzer, Jonah R. Coste, William M. Doerner, and Michael J. Seiler

​​Ab​stract:

People can be “locked-in” or constrained in their ability to make appropriate financial changes, such as being unable to move homes, change jobs, sell stocks, rebalance portfolios, shift financial accounts, adjust insurance policies, transfer investment profits, or inherit wealth. These frictions—whether institutional, legislative, personal, or market-driven—are often overlooked. Residential real estate exemplifies this challenge with its physical immobility, high transaction costs, and concentrated wealth. In the United States, nearly all 50 million active mortgages have fixed rates, and most have interest rates far below prevailing market rates, creating a disincentive to sell. This paper finds that for every percentage point that market mortgage rates exceed the origination interest rate, the probability of sale is decreased by 18.1%. This mortgage rate lock-in led to a 57% reduction in home sales with fixed-rate mortgages in 2023Q4 and prevented 1.33 million sales between 2022Q2 and 2023Q4. The supply reduction increased home prices by 5.7%, outweighing the direct impact of elevated rates, which decreased prices by 3.3%. These findings underscore how mortgage rate lock-in restricts mobility, results in people not living in homes they would prefer, inflates prices, and worsens affordability. Certain borrower groups with lower wealth accumulation are less able to strategically time their sales, worsening inequality.​

​Mortgage lock-in data are available below in two formats at the bottom of this webpage. The first file offers a data supplement that could be used to recreate figures shown in the working paper. The second file offers additional developmental data aggregates produced from estimations in the working paper. Both files are subject to change with working paper revisions. Our  FA​Qs  address common questions about the datasets. Please cite this working paper when using either dataset.​

• Supplemental data​​ for figures  (1 MB)
• ​​​ Developmental data aggregates ​ (45 MB)​

AI Index: State of AI in 13 Charts

In the new report, foundation models dominate, benchmarks fall, prices skyrocket, and on the global stage, the U.S. overshadows.

This year’s AI Index — a 500-page report tracking 2023’s worldwide trends in AI — is out.

The index is an independent initiative at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), led by the AI Index Steering Committee, an interdisciplinary group of experts from across academia and industry. This year’s report covers the rise of multimodal foundation models, major cash investments into generative AI, new performance benchmarks, shifting global opinions, and new major regulations.

Don’t have an afternoon to pore through the findings? Check out the high level here.

A Move Toward Open-Sourced

This past year, organizations released 149 foundation models, more than double the number released in 2022. Of these newly released models, 65.7% were open-source (meaning they can be freely used and modified by anyone), compared with only 44.4% in 2022 and 33.3% in 2021.

But At a Cost of Performance?

Closed-source models still outperform their open-sourced counterparts. On 10 selected benchmarks, closed models achieved a median performance advantage of 24.2%, with differences ranging from as little as 4.0% on mathematical tasks like GSM8K to as much as 317.7% on agentic tasks like AgentBench.

Biggest Players

Industry dominates AI, especially in building and releasing foundation models. This past year Google edged out other industry players in releasing the most models, including Gemini and RT-2. In fact, since 2019, Google has led in releasing the most foundation models, with a total of 40, followed by OpenAI with 20. Academia trails industry: This past year, UC Berkeley released three models and Stanford two.

Industry Dwarfs All

If you needed more striking evidence that corporate AI is the only player in the room right now, this should do it. In 2023, industry accounted for 72% of all new foundation models.

Prices Skyrocket

One of the reasons academia and government have been edged out of the AI race: the exponential increase in cost of training these giant models. Google’s Gemini Ultra cost an estimated $191 million worth of compute to train, while OpenAI’s GPT-4 cost an estimated $78 million. In comparison, in 2017, the original Transformer model, which introduced the architecture that underpins virtually every modern LLM, cost around $900.

What AI Race?

At least in terms of notable machine learning models, the United States vastly outpaced other countries in 2023, developing a total of 61 models in 2023. Since 2019, the U.S. has consistently led in originating the majority of notable models, followed by China and the UK.

Move Over, Human

As of 2023, AI has hit human-level performance on many significant AI benchmarks, from those testing reading comprehension to visual reasoning. Still, it falls just short on some benchmarks like competition-level math. Because AI has been blasting past so many standard benchmarks, AI scholars have had to create new and more difficult challenges. This year’s index also tracked several of these new benchmarks, including those for tasks in coding, advanced reasoning, and agentic behavior.

Private Investment Drops (But We See You, GenAI)

While AI private investment has steadily dropped since 2021, generative AI is gaining steam. In 2023, the sector attracted $25.2 billion, nearly ninefold the investment of 2022 and about 30 times the amount from 2019 (call it the ChatGPT effect). Generative AI accounted for over a quarter of all AI-related private investments in 2023.

U.S. Wins $$ Race

And again, in 2023 the United States dominates in AI private investment. In 2023, the $67.2 billion invested in the U.S. was roughly 8.7 times greater than the amount invested in the next highest country, China, and 17.8 times the amount invested in the United Kingdom. That lineup looks the same when zooming out: Cumulatively since 2013, the United States leads investments at $335.2 billion, followed by China with $103.7 billion, and the United Kingdom at $22.3 billion.

Where is Corporate Adoption?

More companies are implementing AI in some part of their business: In surveys, 55% of organizations said they were using AI in 2023, up from 50% in 2022 and 20% in 2017. Businesses report using AI to automate contact centers, personalize content, and acquire new customers. 

Younger and Wealthier People Worry About Jobs

Globally, most people expect AI to change their jobs, and more than a third expect AI to replace them. Younger generations — Gen Z and millennials — anticipate more substantial effects from AI compared with older generations like Gen X and baby boomers. Specifically, 66% of Gen Z compared with 46% of boomer respondents believe AI will significantly affect their current jobs. Meanwhile, individuals with higher incomes, more education, and decision-making roles foresee AI having a great impact on their employment.

While the Commonwealth Worries About AI Products

When asked in a survey about whether AI products and services make you nervous, 69% of Aussies and 65% of Brits said yes. Japan is the least worried about their AI products at 23%.  

Regulation Rallies

More American regulatory agencies are passing regulations to protect citizens and govern the use of AI tools and data. For example, the Copyright Office and the Library of Congress passed copyright registration guidance concerning works that contained material generated by AI, while the Securities and Exchange Commission developed a cybersecurity risk management strategy, governance, and incident disclosure plan. The agencies to pass the most regulation were the Executive Office of the President and the Commerce Department. 

The AI Index was first created to track AI development. The index collaborates with such organizations as LinkedIn, Quid, McKinsey, Studyportals, the Schwartz Reisman Institute, and the International Federation of Robotics to gather the most current research and feature important insights on the AI ecosystem. 

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The 5 Best Buys I've Found at Aldi

Published on June 10, 2024

By: Dana George

• Aldi's everyday prices are routinely lower than sale prices at other grocery stores.
• Learning about which Aldi products other people enjoy has made me more confident about trying new brands.
• My self-declared best buys from Aldi include chocolate bars, almond milk, fridge staples like butter and creamer, pistachios, and cheese.

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As a recent Aldi convert, I'm just getting to know what I like (and don't like) about the store. So far, I've been surprised by the quality of produce and the number of options. I assumed that Aldi never offered name-brand products for some reason, but nothing could be further from the truth. A fair number of name brands are on display at our local Aldi store, but each is surrounded by brands I've never heard of.

1. Moser Roth Chocolate Bar, 4.4 oz.

• Aldi price: $2.19
• Walmart price: $7.95

If you're a chocolate lover, you may be as impressed with this German-made chocolate as I have been. The chocolate is rich but not sickly sweet, and manufactured using Fair Trade Certified South American cocoa.

Plus, there's a Moser Roth chocolate bar for everyone. Our local Aldi offers 11 different flavors, ranging from dark orange and almond to toffee crunch. For purists like my husband, there's extra creamy milk chocolate. The trick has been finding my favorite flavors in stock when the urge for chocolate strikes.

2. Friendly Farms Almond Milk, 64 fl oz.

• Aldi price: $2.59
• Walmart price: $4.38 (for Silk Dairy Free Almond Milk, 59 fl oz.)

Between morning smoothies and cereal, my husband and I consume a fair amount of almond milk. As someone who's always been concerned about an unknown brand tasting "funny," I was surprised to realize that I can't tell the difference between Friendly Farms and Silk, the brand I've purchased for years. Better yet, it allows me to leave more money in our checking account each week.

Like most people, my tastes have evolved through the years, as have my cooking habits. However, I have always had three items in my refrigerator: One-half gallon of milk, butter, and half and half. Like the almond milk, I can't tell the difference between the Aldi brand staples and the name brands I'm accustomed to buying.

Staple	Aldi price	Walmart price
One-half gallon 2% milk	$1.69	$3.34
1 lb of salted butter sticks	$3.95	$5.68
Half and half creamer, 32 fl oz	$3.09	$2.97
Total	$8.73	$12.09

4. Shelled Roasted Pistachios, 6 oz.

• Aldi price: $4.39
• Walmart price: $5.88

I remember thinking pistachios looked disgusting when I was a kid, although I can admit now how wrong I was. They're actually delicious. Pistachios provide a subtle taste but a satisfying crunch. And when they're roasted and salted, they're pretty much one of the most delicious snacks on the planet.

The problem is that pistachios can be one expensive nut, which is why I was so thrilled to find them at Aldi. Whether you eat them from the bag or use them for baking, buying a bag doesn't mean taking money out of savings .

5. Applewood Smoked Gruyere Cheese, 8 oz.

• Aldi price: $4.29
• Walmart price: $6.97 (for 6 oz.)

One thing I'd read about before shopping at Aldi was its amazing selection of cheeses, and I'll admit, I'll put cheese in just about anything, and Gruyere is one of my favorites. Our nearest full-fledged grocery store is Schnucks, and while I love some things about shopping there, it's not where I go when I'm looking for low prices. In fact, an 8 oz. block of Gruyere at Schnucks is $7.89. I can't justify paying $3.60 more for cheese when I can drive another block and save that money.

As someone who typically does not enjoy shopping, I find that I do enjoy snagging a bargain. Whether it's accomplished by using a shopping app or pulling into Aldi, it feels like a win.

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Dana is a full-time personal finance writer, with more than two decades of experience. Her focus is on helping readers feel less alone as they navigate their personal finances and offering actionable insights.

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