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SIC Industry Description

Industry: 7338—secretarial and court reporting services.

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What Is a SIC Code?

Sic codes vs. naics codes.

• Understanding SIC Codes

How SIC Codes are Used

How to find your sic code, how to read sic codes.

• SIC Code FAQs

The Bottom Line

• Fundamental Analysis
• Sectors & Industries

What Is a SIC Code, Who Needs a SIC Code, and How To Find Yours

Ariel Courage is an experienced editor, researcher, and former fact-checker. She has performed editing and fact-checking work for several leading finance publications, including The Motley Fool and Passport to Wall Street.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes are four-digit numerical codes used to categorize U.S. companies by the industries in which they operate. Companies are required to use them in certain government filings.

SIC codes were created by the U.S. government in 1937 to help classify and analyze economic activity across various industries and government agencies.

The United States Department of Labor maintains an online database that can be used to identify the right SIC code for a business.

Key Takeaways

• Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes are four-digit numerical codes that categorize the industries that companies belong to based on their business activities.
• SIC codes have been largely replaced by the six-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) but many U.S. government agencies still rely on the older system.
• The first two digits represent the highest level business classification, while the subsequent two digits are used to further refine the identification.
• The government uses SIC codes to properly assign the review of financial filings to the appropriate divisions to ensure all requirements are met.

The Standard Industrial Classification codes were supposed to be replaced in 1997 by a system of six-digit codes called the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The NAICS codes were adopted in part to standardize industry data collection and analysis between Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which had entered into the North American Free Trade Agreement.

Nevertheless, many government agencies, including the Securities & Exchange Commission, continue to use SIC codes. That forces most companies, particularly public companies, to use both systems.

The SIC code system remains the most widely used industry classification system. The NAICS code system has been unable to fully replace it due to the SIC system's long history, and the reluctance of businesses and other organizations that have been long-term users of SIC codes to switch over to a new classification system.

The U.S. government stopped updating SIC codes as far back as 1987, but private data organizations stepped in and continued to update the SIC system, including adding very specific additional classifications.

As a result, at the most defined levels, there are now more than 10,000 six-digit SIC codes, compared with 1,066 NAICS codes.

U.S. companies now have both a SIC code and a NAICS code.

Understanding Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes

The SIC system classifies the economy into 11 major divisions:

• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
• Construction
• Manufacturing
• Transportation and public utilities
• Wholesale trade
• Retail trade
• Finance, insurance, real estate
• Public administration
• Nonclassifiable establishments

These are then divided into 83 two-digit major groups and further subdivided into 416 three-digit industry groups and then into more than 1,000 four-digit industries.

Every company has a primary SIC code that indicates its main line of business. The first two digits of the SIC code identify the major industry group, the third digit identifies the industry group, and the fourth digit identifies the specific industry.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) uses SIC codes. The SIC codes are listed in a company's electronic data gathering, analysis, and retrieval system filings (called EDGAR) to indicate the company's industry.

Businesses and the government use SIC codes in a number of ways.

• Companies use SIC codes to identify their existing customers and potential customers by industry.
• SIC codes can be used to classify companies for tax purposes.
• Banks and creditors use SIC codes to identify the industry a company belongs to when they consider credit applications. 
• SIC codes are used by professionals and businesses to create targeted marketing campaigns.
• Companies identify competitors in their industry or region by searching for like companies via SIC codes.
• Businesses use SIC codes to identify government contracts.
• The government uses SIC codes to organize and standardize key economic data for various federal and state agencies as well as private companies.
• SIC codes make it easier to compare data across disparate government agencies.
• SIC codes are used for tax classification.
• The SEC uses SIC codes when sorting company filings.

There are many different ways to find the most appropriate SIC code for your company.

• The United States Department of Labor maintains an online system search tool to search SIC codes by keywords.
• If you know your NAICS code, there are online resources to identify corresponding SIC codes.
• The Security and Exchange Commission publishes the full list in a PDF.

Each digit in a SIC code has a meaning. To read a SIC code, each set of digits should be independently evaluated to determine the overall meaning of the code.

The First Two Digits

The first two numbers of a SIC code identify the business's major sector. Though the number of major groups fluctuates, there are typically fewer than 100 in all. These major groups all fit into one of the 11 major divisions, and these first two digits define what industry the company is in.

The Third Digit

The third digit further refines the business classification and is often referred to as the business industry group. For example, if code 23xx refers to apparel companies :

• 232x identifies men's and boy's furnishings.
• 233x identifies women's and misses' furnishings.

The Fourth Digit

The last digit of a SIC code is the most specific identifier of a company. Factoring in this last digit, there are now more than 1,000 possible combinations.

For example, SIC code 2050 (emphasis on the final digit) represents bakery products, while SIC code 2052 represents cookie & cracker manufacturers.

This fourth digit further refines the business classification into a very specific business category.

Real-World Examples of SIC Codes

Apple Inc.'s SEC filings show its SIC code as 3571 (electronic computers). The first two digits—35—identify its major industry group as "Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment," while the third digit—7—narrows its industry group down to "Computer and Office Equipment" and the final digit—1—classifies it as "electronic computers."

Note that if the first two digits are between 20 and 39, these companies are classified in the manufacturing division or segment of the economy.

Banking Industry Examples of SIC Codes

Below is an image of the Standard Industrial Codes, along with their meaning, for the banking industry (taken from the SEC's website).

• Bank of America Corporation ( BAC ), for example, would have the SIC code of 6021 because it's a national commercial bank.
• State banks would have the SIC code of 6022.
• Life insurance companies would be classified as 6311.

How Do I Find My Company's SIC Code?

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission issues a standard code list that can be used to identify the appropriate SIC code for a company. The code list is reviewed and updated by the Division of Corporation Finance.

Who Needs a SIC Code?

All companies have a SIC code, though some may not know it. That is, their business can be categorized by one of the more than 1,000 SIC codes that are in existence.

Every public company has a SIC code and uses it when filing certain reports to government agencies including the Securities & Exchange Commission. The SEC uses the company's SIC code to assign review responsibility for required company filings.

What Is an Example of a SIC Code?

SIC code 6500 represents the entire real estate industry. SIC code 6510 identifies real estate operators. SIC code 6512 further refines the classification to nonresidential buildings, while 6513 further refines the classification to operators of apartment buildings.

What Does SIC Code Stand for?

SIC code stands for standard industrial classification (SIC) code. This four-digit number is a shorthand descriptor of the type of business a company is engaged in.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes for U.S. businesses were supposed to have been phased out some 27 years ago. This shorthand, four-digit descriptor of the industry in which a company operates was to have been replaced by another classification system, the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

That didn't quite happen. Many U.S. government agencies, notably the Securities & Exchange Commission, still use SIC codes and require businesses to identify themselves by their SIC codes.

Office of Statistical Standards. " History of the Standard Industrial Classification ," Page 1.

Census Bureau. " North American Industry Classification System ."

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. " Division of Corporation Finance: Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code List ."

United States Department of Labor. " Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System Search ."

NAICS Association. " NAICS & SIC Crosswalks ."

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What is the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)?

Sic code explained, structure of the sic code, how the sic code is used, changing from sic code to naics, additional resources, standard industrial classification (sic).

A four-digit classification system that classifies industries according to business activities

The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) is a four-digit classification system that classifies industries according to business activities. The SIC classification system was created in 1937 to help the U.S. government and government agencies analyze economic activities across the domestic economy.

The SIC code assigned to a company was determined by the size of the largest product lines produced by a company or the parent organization that the business is part of. Although the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code replaced the SIC code in 1997, some government departments and agencies continued to use the classification code to classify companies to specific industries.

• The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) is a four-digit coding system that classifies companies based on their business activities.
• SIC codes were introduced in 1937 to standardize how government agencies collect, measure, analyze, and present statistical data on business activities.
• SIC Codes have been gradually replaced by NAICS, which is a collaborative effort between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

The SIC code was developed in 1937 to promote the comparability of establishment data for both the U.S. and Canadian economies. Before the SIC code was formulated, each department of the U.S. government would analyze business activities using different methods and metrics that were meaningless to other departments. The lack of a common standard made it difficult for the departments to share and compare data on the classification of business activities.

The creation of the SIC code made it possible for government departments and agencies to collect, measure, analyze, and present data easily. It also promoted uniformity and comparability in presenting data collected by the various federal and state agencies in both U.S. and Canadian economies. SIC codes were assigned to companies based on their shared characteristics in a product, service, or production of a business.

The SIC code is a four-digit classifying system that begins with the general characteristics of a business and then narrows down to the specifics. The first two digits of the code show the primary industry group of a company. The third and fourth digits show the broader industry group and industry sector, respectively.

The system groups the economy into 11 broader divisions, which are divided into 83 two-digit groups that are then categorized further into 416 three-digit industry groups, and a final broader category of 1,005 four-digit industry sectors. The four-digit level is the most specific of the classification since it shows the specific category of a business.

The classifications progressively narrow the category in which a business belongs. Despite some government agencies and private organizations adding extra levels to the SIC code, the additional levels are not considered part of the official classification.

Governments, government agencies, and public and private companies use SIC codes for a variety of reasons. Some of the common uses of SIC codes include:

• Key US government agencies, such as the IRS and the Census Bureau, use the SIC codes for business reporting purposes.
• Financial institutions use SIC codes to group potential borrowers when evaluating their competitiveness and market position in their specific industries.
• Marketing companies use SIC codes to group businesses according to their industries and specialization and create targeted marketing campaigns .
• Startup companies use SIC codes to identify competition in their industries and plan how to increase their competitiveness in relation to the dominant companies.

With the changing economic conditions of the early 1990s, the government tasked the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) with the role of revising the SIC system into a classification system that would facilitate uniformity and comparison of statistical data across North America. It led to the formation of the Economic Classification Policy Committee in 1992. The committee was tasked with overseeing the process of revising the SIC coding system.

The revision came at the same time when the United States, Canada, and Mexico were negotiating a free trade agreement for North America, which went into effect in January 1994. The collaborative effort between the three partner countries led to the formulation of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) . The first NAICS version took effect in 1997 for both the United States and Canada, and one year later in Mexico. The coding system is revised every five years to ensure that it remains relevant to the changing economic conditions.

NAICS expanded the SIC code’s four-digit code into a six-digit hierarchical coding system. It groups all economic activities into 20 industry sectors, comprising 15 sectors that provide a service, while the other 5 sectors produce goods. The 20 industry sectors are divided into 99 three-digit sub-sectors, then divided into a further 312 four-digit industry codes, further divided into 713 5-digit industry codes, and finally subdivided into 1066 six-digit industry codes.

The first two digits of the revised coding system show the main industry group of a company. The third digit represents the company’s subsector; the fourth digit represents the industry group; and the fifth digit shows the particular industry where a company operates. The final sixth digit shows the specific national industry of a company.

The primary NAICS code assigned to a company depends on its largest revenue source in the past year.

CFI is the official provider of the global Commercial Banking & Credit Analyst (CBCA)™ certification program, designed to help anyone become a world-class financial analyst. To keep advancing your career, the additional resources below will be useful:

• Banking and Securities Industry Committee (BASIC)
• Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
• Revenue Streams
• Small Business Administration (SBA)
• See all commercial lending resources
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• SIC Code Lookup

You can view SIC codes by Industry Name or in numeric order using the links below:

SIC Codes by Industry Name

Numeric list of sic codes.

3291 – Abrasive products 6321 – Accident & health insurance 8721 – Accounting, auditing & bookkeeping 7929 – Actors, musicians, & entertainers 2891 – Adhesives & sealants 7322 – Adjustment & debt collection services 96XX – Administration of Economic Programs 94XX – Administration of Human Resources 7311 – Advertising agencies 01XX – Agricultural Production – Crops 02XX – Agricultural Production – Livestock 07XX – Agricultural Services 3563 – Air & gas compressors 4513 – Air courier services 9511 – Air, water & solid waste management 3721 – Aircraft 3724 – Aircraft engine parts 3728 – Aircraft equipment, wings & landing gear 4581 – Airports & hanger services 2812 – Alkalies & chlorine 3363 – Aluminum die-castings 3354 – Aluminum extruded products 3365 – Aluminum foundries 3334 – Aluminum primary production 3355 – Aluminum rolling & drawing 3353 – Aluminum sheet, plate & foil 3483 – Ammunition, except for small arms 79XX – Amusement & Recreation Services 3599 – Amusement park rides, flexible metal hose, etc. 7996 – Amusement parks 0273 – Animal aquaculture 0752 – Animal services, except veterinary 0279 – Animal specialties 0742 – Animal veterinary services 2077 – Animal/marine fats/oils 1231 – Anthracite mining 6513 – Apartment building operators 56XX – Apparel and Accessory Stores 23XX – Apparel/Other Textile Products 3699 – Arc welders, speakers & security systems 7993 – Arcade machines & jukeboxes 8712 – Architectural services 7694 – Armature rewinding shops 3292 – Asbestos products 2952 – Asphalt felts & coatings 2951 – Asphalt paving 3949 – Athletic & sporting goods 7536 – Auto glass replacement 75XX – Auto Repair/Services/Parking 7549 – Auto services exc repair/carwash 5531 – Auto supply stores 7537 – Auto transmission repair 2396 – Auto trim, linings and findings 3822 – Automatic environmental controls 7533 – Automobile exhaust repair 7521 – Automobile parking 5012 – Automobiles, trucks, RVs & motorcycles 55XX – Automotive Dealers & Service Stations 5013 – Automotive equipment 3465 – Automotive stamping 2399 – Badges, pet toys, flags, hammocks, etc. 3562 – Ball & roller bearings 6719 – Bank holding companies 6712 – Bank holding companies offices 7241 – Barber shops 5813 – Bars & night clubs 3568 – Bearings, bushings, couplings & chain drives 7231 – Beauty shops 0211 – Beef cattle feedlots 0212 – Beef cattle, except feedlots 5181 – Beer & ale 2063 – Beet sugar 2387 – Belts 0171 – Berry crop farming 2836 – Biological products 1221 – Bituminous & lignite surface mining 1222 – Bituminous coal underground mining 3312 – Blast furnaces & steel mills 3564 – Blowers & fans 3732 – Boat building & repairing 5551 – Boat dealers 4499 – Boat rentals, cleaning & salvage services 3452 – Bolts, nuts, rivets & washers 2732 – Book printing 2731 – Book publishing 5942 – Book stores 2789 – Bookbinding 5192 – Books, magazines & newspapers 3131 – Boot & shoe soles, heels & shoe parts 5984 – Bottle gas dealers 7933 – Bowling alleys 2342 – Bras & girdles 2051 – Bread products exc cookie/crkr 3251 – Brick & structural clay tile 5032 – Brick, stone & construction materials 1622 – Bridges, tunnels & elevated highways 3991 – Brooms & brushes 7349 – Building cleaning & maintenance services 52XX – Building Materials and Garden 3995 – Burial caskets 4142 – Bus charter service, except local 8244 – Business & secretarial schools 8611 – Business associations 8748 – Business consulting services 73XX – Business Services 3965 – Buttons, fasteners, pins & needles 4841 – Cable & pay TV 3578 – Calculators, adding machines & bank machines 5946 – Camera & photo supply stores 2091 – Can/cure fish & seafoods 4449 – Canal freight transport 2064 – Candy & other products 5441 – Candy stores 2061 – Cane sugar exc refining 2062 – Cane sugar refining 2033 – Canned preserves/jams/jellies 2032 – Canned specialties 2394 – Canvas 3675 – Capacitors 3647 – Car lights & mounted spotlights 3624 – Carbon & graphite products 2895 – Carbon black 3955 – Carbon paper & inked ribbon 3592 – Carburetors, pistons & valves 2631 – Cardboard mills 4789 – Cargo loading, passenger trains, horses, etc. 1751 – Carpentry work 7217 – Carpet & upholstery cleaning 2273 – Carpets & rugs 7542 – Carwashes 0119 – Cash grains farming 5961 – Catalog & mail order houses 6553 – Cemetery subdividers & developers 6019 – Central reserve depository 3253 – Ceramic wall & floor tile 2043 – Cereal breakfast foods 6099 – Check cashing agencies 2022 – Cheese 1479 – Chemical mineral mining, including fertilizers 2899 – Chemical preparations 5169 – Chemical products 28XX – Chemicals and Allied Products 2067 – Chewing gum 2131 – Chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco & snuff 0252 – Chicken eggs 8351 – Child day care services 5641 – Children’s clothing stores 2361 – Childrens dresses 2369 – Childrens outerwear 3261 – China plumbing fixtures 3262 – China table & kitchen ware 8041 – Chiropractor’s offices 2066 – Chocolate & cocoa products 2111 – Cigarettes 2121 – Cigars 2257 – Circle knit fabric mills 0174 – Citrus fruits & groves 8641 – Civic, social & fraternal organizations 1459 – Clay & refractory minerals 3255 – Clay refractories 3589 – Cleaning, sewage & food cooking & warming equipment 2393 – Cloth bags 5052 – Coal & other minerals 12XX – Coal Mining 1241 – Coal mining services 2671 – Coated and laminated paper packaging 2672 – Coated and laminated paper, including sandpaper 2295 – Coated fabric, except rubber 7215 – Coin-operated laundries 2999 – Coke, fuel briquettes & waxes 3316 – Cold-rolled steel 8221 – Colleges, universities & professional schools 4939 – Combination utilities 9131 – Combined executive & legislative offices 7336 – Commercial art & graphic design 8732 – Commercial economics & educational research 5046 – Commercial equipment 2754 – Commercial gravure printing 3646 – Commercial lighting fixtures 2752 – Commercial lithographic printing 7335 – Commercial photography 8731 – Commercial physical & biological research 2759 – Commercial printing, miscellaneous 9641 – Commodities & agricultural marketing regulation 6221 – Commodity brokers & dealers 6799 – Commodity investors 48XX – Communication 5734 – Computer & software stores 7376 – Computer facilities management services 7373 – Computer integration & systems design 7378 – Computer maintenance & repair 3577 – Computer printers, plotters & scanners 7371 – Computer programming services 7379 – Computer related services 7377 – Computer rental 3572 – Computer storage devices 3575 – Computer terminals 3571 – Computers 5045 – Computers & software 3272 – Concrete basins, fireplaces, monuments, etc. 3271 – Concrete blocks & bricks 1771 – Concrete work 5145 – Confectionery groceries 5082 – Construction & mining machinery 3531 – Construction machinery 5039 – Construction materials 1442 – Construction sand & gravel 5731 – Consumer electronics stores 3535 – Conveyors 2052 – Cookies & crackers 3366 – Copper foundries 1021 – Copper ores 3351 – Copper rolling & drawing 3331 – Copper smelting & refining 2298 – Cordage & twine 0115 – Corn farming 9223 – Correctional institutions 2653 – Corrugated paper boxes 2844 – Cosmetics 3961 – Costume jewelry 0131 – Cotton farming 0724 – Cotton ginning 2211 – Cotton weaving mills 2074 – Cottonseed oil mills 4215 – Courier services, except air 9211 – Courts Local, Magistrate, Justice, State & Federal Court 2021 – Creamery butter 7323 – Credit reporting services – Credit Bureaus 0722 – Crop machine crops harvesting service 0721 – Crop planting & cultivating 0723 – Crop preparation, except cotton gins 3466 – Crowns & closures 1311 – Crude oil & natural gas 4612 – Crude petroleum pipeline 1423 – Crushed, broken granite 1422 – Crushed, broken limestone 1429 – Crushed, broken stone 2391 – Curtains & draperies 3281 – Cut stone 3421 – Cutlery 2865 – Cyclic crudes & dyes 0241 – Dairy farming 5143 – Dairy products 7911 – Dance studios 8243 – Data processing schools 7374 – Data processing services 0175 – Deciduous tree fruit orchards 2395 – Decorative stitching 3843 – Dental equipment 8072 – Dental laboratories 8021 – Dentist’s offices 5311 – Department stores 60XX – Depository Institutions 7381 – Detectives, guards & armored cars 2675 – Die-cut paper 1411 – Dimension stone 7331 – Direct mail advertising 5963 – Direct sales establishments 7342 – Disinfecting & exterminating services 3823 – Display & control instruments 2085 – Distilled liquor, except brandy 8011 – Doctor’s offices 2047 – Dog & cat food 3942 – Dolls & stuffed toys 4424 – Domestic freight sea transport 5714 – Drapery & upholstery stores 2034 – Dried fruits/veggie/soup mixes 1381 – Drilling oil & gas wells 7833 – Drive-in movie theaters 5912 – Drug stores 5122 – Drugs, cosmetics & toiletries 3582 – Dry cleaning and pressing equipment 7216 – Drycleaning plant, except rugs 58XX – Eating and Drinking Places 5812 – Eating places 9411 – Educational programs administration 82XX – Educational Services 4911 – Electric companies 3634 – Electric housewares & fans 3641 – Electric lamps & bulbs 3629 – Electric power industry equipment 4931 – Electric, combined with other services 49XX – Electric/Gas/Sanitary Svcs 5064 – Electrical appliances 5063 – Electrical equipment & wiring 7629 – Electrical repair shops 1731 – Electrical work 3825 – Electricity testers 3845 – Electromedical therapy apparatus 3313 – Electrometalurgical products 3671 – Electron tubes & cathode ray tubes 36XX – Electronic & Electric Equipment 3679 – Electronic components 3678 – Electronic connectors 5065 – Electronic parts 3352 – Electronic Parts and Components Industry 3471 – Electroplate/polish/color 3479 – Electroplating, polishing & coloring 8211 – Elementary & secondary schools 3534 – Elevators & escalators 3669 – Emergency alarms & traffic lights 3431 – Enameled iron/metal ware 3694 – Engine electronic equipment 87XX – Engineering & Management Services 8711 – Engineering services 2677 – Envelopes 95XX – Environmental Quality & Housing 7359 – Equipment rental 1794 – Excavation work 9111 – Executive offices 91XX – Executive, Legislative & General 2892 – Explosives 3851 – Eyeglasses & eye safety shields 34XX – Fabricated Metal Products 3498 – Fabricated pipe & fittings 3069 – Fabricated rubber products 3441 – Fabricated structural metal 8744 – Facilities support services 2599 – Factory and bar furniture 7211 – Family & commercial power laundry 5651 – Family clothing stores 0761 – Farm labor contractors 3523 – Farm machinery 5083 – Farm machinery 0762 – Farm management services 4221 – Farm product warehouses & storage 5191 – Farm supplies 3999 – Feathers, furs, umbrellas, models, etc. 6011 – Federal reserve banks 6061 – Federally chartered credit unions 6035 – Federally chartered savings & loans 6111 – Federally sponsored credit agencies 5632 – Female accessory store 2251 – Female stockings 4482 – Ferries 1061 – Ferroalloy ores, except vanadium 0139 – Field crops farming 3569 – Filters, firefighting equipment & lubricants 9311 – Finance, tax & monetary policy 93XX – Finance, Taxation & Monetary 2261 – Finish cotton fabrics 2262 – Finish synthetic fabrics 2269 – Finishing plants 9224 – Fire protection 6331 – Fire, marine & casualty insurance 5146 – Fish & seafood 0921 – Fish hatchery & fish preserves 0912 – Fishing 09XX – Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping 3211 – Flat glass 2087 – Flavoring extracts/syrups 5713 – Floor covering stores 1752 – Floor work 5992 – Florists 2041 – Flour & grain mill products 5193 – Flowers/florists supplies 3824 – Fluid meters 2026 – Fluid milk 3593 – Fluid power cylinders & actuators 3594 – Fluid power pumps & motors 3492 – Fluid power valves 2657 – Folding cardboard boxes 20XX – Food and Kindred Products 0182 – Food crops grown under cover 2099 – Food preparations 3556 – Food products machinery 54XX – Food Stores 5139 – Footwear 6081 – Foreign bank branches & agencies 4412 – Foreign freight sea transport 6082 – Foreign trade & international banks 0831 – Forest nurseries & forest products 08XX – Forestry 0851 – Forestry services 2092 – Fresh/frozen fish/seafoods 2053 – Frozen bakery prods exc bread 5142 – Frozen foods 2037 – Frozen fruits/juices/veggies 2038 – Frozen specialties 5431 – Fruit & vegetable markets 2035 – Fruit/veggies seasoning/sauces 0179 – Fruits & treenuts, orchards 5983 – Fuel oil dealers 7261 – Funeral homes & crematories 0271 – Fur-bearing animals 5021 – Furniture 25XX – Furniture and Fixtures 57XX – Furniture and Homefurnishings 5712 – Furniture stores 2371 – Furs 3644 – Fuse boxes & non-current carrying conduits 3613 – Fuses, circuit breakers & panel boards 3944 – Games & toys 7212 – Garment pressing 4932 – Gas, combined with other services 3053 – Gaskets & packing materials 5541 – Gasoline service stations 3566 – Gear speed changers 7538 – General auto repair 15XX – General Building Contractors 9611 – General economic programs, administration 0191 – General farms 9199 – General government administration 5141 – General grocery goods 1521 – General house contractors 8062 – General medical & surgical hospitals 53XX – General Merchandise Stores 5399 – General merchandise stores 4225 – General warehousing & storage 5947 – Gift & novelty stores 1793 – Glass & glazing work 3221 – Glass containers 3151 – Gloves & mittens 2381 – Gloves, except knit or leather gloves 1041 – Gold ores 9631 – Government administration of utilities 5153 – Grain & beans 0172 – Grape vineyards 3321 – Gray iron foundries 4432 – Great lakes freight transport 2771 – Greeting cards 5411 – Grocery stores 3295 – Ground & treated minerals 3761 – Guided missiles & space vehicles 2861 – Gum & wood chemicals 3489 – Guns & mortars 3275 – Gypsum 3423 – Hand & edged tools 3425 – Hand saws & saw blades 3996 – Hard surface floor covering 3429 – Hardware 5072 – Hardware 5251 – Hardware stores 2426 – Hardwood furniture, blocks & flooring 2435 – Hardwood veneer & plywood 2353 – Hats & caps 5499 – Health foods, beverage stores, etc. 8049 – Health practitioner’s offices 80XX – Health Services 5075 – Heating and A/C equipment/supplies 3433 – Heating equipment 7353 – Heavy construction equipment rental 16XX – Heavy Construction, exc Build 1629 – Heavy construction, including dams and stadiums 7363 – Help supply services 5945 – Hobby & toy stores 0213 – Hogs 3536 – Hoists, cranes & monorails 67XX – Holding & Investment Offices 5719 – Home furnishing stores 5023 – Home furnishings 8082 – Home health care services 0272 – Horses 6324 – Hospital & medical service plans 7011 – Hotels & motels 70XX – Hotels & Other Lodging Places 1522 – Hotels and motel building contractors 3142 – House slippers 5722 – Household appliance stores 3631 – Household cooking equipment 3633 – Household laundry equipment 3632 – Household refrigerators & freezers 3635 – Household vacuum cleaners 9531 – Housing programs administration 0971 – Hunting trapping & propagation 3241 – Hydraulic cement 2024 – Ice cream & frozen desserts 2835 – In-vitro and in-vivo diagnostics 8322 – Individual & family social services 1541 – Industrial buildings & warehouses 3567 – Industrial furnaces & ovens 2813 – Industrial gases 2819 – Industrial inorganic chemicals 7218 – Industrial launderers 5084 – Industrial machinery 35XX – Industrial Machinery & Equipment 2869 – Industrial organic chemicals 3543 – Industrial patterns 1446 – Industrial sand 5085 – Industrial supplies 3537 – Industrial trucks & tractors 3491 – Industrial valves 7375 – Information retrieval services 2816 – Inorganic pigments 1796 – Installation of building equipment 38XX – Instruments & Related Products 6411 – Insurance agents 64XX – Insurance Agents/Brokers Services 63XX – Insurance Carriers 6399 – Insurance carriers 4131 – Intercity & rural bus transport 8052 – Intermediate care facility 9721 – Internal affairs 3519 – Internal combustion engines 6282 – Investment advice 0134 – Irish potato farming 3462 – Iron & steel forgings 1011 – Iron ores 4971 – Irrigation Systems 3915 – Jewelers materials 3911 – Jewelry & precious metal 5094 – Jewelry & watches 5944 – Jewelry stores 8331 – Job training & vocational rehabilitation 8222 – Junior colleges & technical institutes 92XX – Justice, Public Order, Safety 1455 – Kaolin & ball clay 8092 – Kidney dialysis centers 3639 – Kitchen appliances & sewing machines 2253 – Knit outerwear mills 2254 – Knit underwear mills 2259 – Knitting mills 3826 – Lab analysis instruments 3821 – Lab apparatus & furniture 8631 – Labor unions 2258 – Lace and net knitting mills 2241 – Lace, yarn & elastic weaving mills 3083 – Laminated plastic shapes 9512 – Land & wildlife conservation 6552 – Land subdividers & developers 0781 – Landscape planning and consulting 0782 – Lawn & garden services 5261 – Lawn & garden stores 3524 – Lawn & garden tractors 2519 – Lawn, wicker, fiberglass & plastic furniture 1031 – Lead & zinc ores 3952 – Lead pencils & art materials 2386 – Leather and fleece lined clothing 31XX – Leather and Leather Products 3111 – Leather tanning 9222 – Legal counsel 81XX – Legal Services 8111 – Legal services 9121 – Legislative bodies 3579 – Letter & paper handlers & word processors 8231 – Libraries 6311 – Life insurance 3274 – Lime 7213 – Linen supply 5921 – Liquor stores 5154 – Livestock 0291 – Livestock & animal farms 0751 – Livestock services, except veterinary 0741 – Livestock veterinary services 0219 – Livestock, except dairy and poultry 6163 – Loan brokers 41XX – Local & Interurban Transit 4111 – Local & suburban transit 4141 – Local bus charter service 4119 – Local passenger transport 4214 – Local trucking with storage 4212 – Local trucking, without storage 3499 – Locks, ladders, novelties, etc. 2411 – Logging 2782 – Looseleaf binders, checkbooks & accounting books 2992 – Lubricating oil & grease 3161 – Luggage 5948 – Luggage & leather stores 5211 – Lumber & building materials 24XX – Lumber and Wood Products 5031 – Lumber, plywood, millwork 2098 – Macaroni & noodles 3545 – Machine tools accessories 3695 – Magnetic & optical disks, drums & tape 3322 – Malleable iron foundries 2082 – Malt liquors 8742 – Management consulting services 8741 – Management services 2761 – Manifold business forms 2823 – Manmade cellulose fibers 2097 – Manufactured ice 2079 – Margarine & other edible fats 4493 – Marinas 3953 – Marking devices 1741 – Masonry & stone setting 2515 – Mattresses & box springs 3829 – Measuring & control devices 3586 – Measuring and dispensing pumps 5147 – Meat & meat products 5421 – Meat & seafood markets 2011 – Meat packing plants 3061 – Mechanical rubber goods 5047 – Medical & dental equipment 7352 – Medical equipment rental 8071 – Medical laboratories 2833 – Medicinal chemicals & botanicals 7041 – Member hotels & lodging houses 86XX – Membership Organizations 7997 – Membership sports & recreation clubs 3143 – Men’s shoes, except athletic 5611 – Mens & boys clothing stores 5136 – Mens clothing & furnishings 2321 – Mens shirts 2325 – Mens slacks & trousers 2311 – Mens suits & coats 2322 – Mens underwear 2326 – Mens work clothing 3412 – Metal barrels & drums 3411 – Metal cans 3469 – Metal cooking utensils & boxes 3541 – Metal cutting machine tools 3442 – Metal doors, moldings & trim 3497 – Metal foil & leaf 3542 – Metal forming machine tools 3398 – Metal heat treating 2514 – Metal household furniture 10XX – Metal Mining 1081 – Metal mining services 2522 – Metal office furniture 2542 – Metal partitions & display cases 3399 – Metal powders, pastes, fasteners, etc. 5051 – Metal products 3549 – Metalworking machinery 3296 – Mineral wool 3532 – Mining machinery 39XX – Misc Manufacturing Industries 9651 – Miscellaneous commercial sectors regulation 4899 – Miscellaneous communication services 2741 – Miscellaneous publishing 76XX – Miscellaneous Repair Services 59XX – Miscellaneous Retail 8999 – Miscellaneous services 2875 – Mixing fertilizers 5271 – Mobile home dealers 2451 – Mobile homes 6515 – Mobile homes site operators 3172 – Money holders, cases, etc. 6162 – Mortgage bankers & loan officers 78XX – Motion Pictures 3716 – Motor homes 4231 – Motor terminal maintenance facility 3711 – Motor vehicle bodies 3714 – Motor vehicle parts & accessories 5571 – Motorcycle dealers 3751 – Motorcycles, bicycles & parts 3621 – Motors & generators 7822 – Movie & videotape distribution 7812 – Movie & videotape productions 7829 – Movie booking agencies 7922 – Movie producers 7819 – Movie production services 7832 – Movie theaters, except drive-ins 8412 – Museums & art galleries 84XX – Museums, Botanicals, Zoos 5736 – Musical instrument stores 3931 – Musical instruments 4923 – Nat gas transmission & distribution 97XX – Nat. Security & Intl. Affairs 6021 – National commercial banks 9711 – National security 4924 – Natural gas distribution 1321 – Natural gas liquids 4922 – Natural gas transmission 3812 – Navigation & guidance equipment 2323 – Neckties 5511 – New & used car dealers 5994 – News dealers & newsstands 7383 – News syndicates 2711 – Newspaper publishing & printing 2873 – Nitrogen fertilizers 6514 – Non-apartment residence operators 6062 – Non-federal credit unions 6036 – Non-federal savings & loans 1481 – Non-metal minerals services, except fuels 4522 – Non-scheduled air transportation 99XX – Nonclassifiable Establishments 9999 – Nonclassifiable establishments 3297 – Nonclay refractories 8733 – Noncommercial research 6091 – Nondeposit trust facilities 61XX – Nondepository Institutions 3364 – Nonferrous die-castings 3463 – Nonferrous forgings 3369 – Nonferrous foundries, except copper and aluminum 3356 – Nonferrous metals rolling & drawing 3339 – Nonferrous metals smelting & refining 3357 – Nonferrous wire drawing & insulating 3299 – Nonmetalic mineral products 14XX – Nonmetallic Minerals, exccluding Fuel 6512 – Nonresidential building operators 2297 – Nonwoven fabrics 8059 – Nursing & care facilities 5044 – Office equipment 1382 – Oil & gas exploration services 1389 – Oil & gas field services 13XX – Oil and Gas Extraction 3533 – Oil field machinery 6792 – Oil royalty company 2843 – Oils, greases & finishing agents 6722 – Open-ended management & investment offices 1531 – Operative builders 5048 – Ophthalmic supplies 5995 – Optical goods stores 3827 – Optical instruments & lenses 8042 – Optometrist’s offices 3446 – Ornamental metalwork 0181 – Ornamental nurseries 0783 – Ornamental shrubs and tree services 3842 – Orthopedic & prosthetic appliances 8031 – Osteopathic offices 7319 – Other advertising 7999 – Other amusement & recreation services 7539 – Other auto repair shops 5599 – Other automotive dealers 1542 – Other building construction 6159 – Other business credit institutions 7389 – Other business services 6029 – Other commercial banks 5099 – Other durable goods 3149 – Other footwear, except rubber shoes 5989 – Other fuel andd fuel oil dealers 3231 – Other glass products 5149 – Other groceries 8099 – Other health services 7219 – Other laundry & garment services 0919 – Other marine products 8699 – Other membership organizations 2329 – Other mens clothing 1099 – Other metal ores 5199 – Other nondurable goods 1499 – Other Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 7299 – Other personal services 4619 – Other pipelines 7699 – Other repair services 5999 – Other retail stores 8299 – Other schools & education services 8399 – Other social services 3325 – Other steel foundries 2299 – Other textiles, including felt, jute & mohair 6733 – Other trusts 7312 – Outdoor advertising services 3643 – Outlets, sockets & switches 3565 – Packaging machinery 4783 – Packing & crating 5231 – Paint, glass & wallpaper stores 1721 – Painting & paper hanging 2851 – Paints & varnishes 5198 – Paints, varnishes & supplies 26XX – Paper and Allied Products 2655 – Paper cans, tubes & drums 2656 – Paper food containers, plates & cups 3554 – Paper industries machinery 2621 – Paper mills except cardboard 2676 – Paper towels, diapers and sanitary napkins 2493 – Particleboard & fiberboard 7515 – Passenger car leasing 7514 – Passenger car rental 4729 – Passenger ticket offices 6794 – Patent owners & lessors 3951 – Pens & mechanical pencils 6371 – Pensions, health & welfare funds 2721 – Periodicals publishing & printing 6141 – Personal credit institutions 72XX – Personal Services 2879 – Pesticides & agricultural chemicals 29XX – Petroleum and Coal Products 5171 – Petroleum bulk terminals 4925 – Petroleum gas products 5172 – Petroleum products 2911 – Petroleum refining 2834 – Pharmaceutical preparations 2874 – Phosphate fertilizers 1475 – Phosphate rock 5043 – Photo equipment & supplies 7334 – Photocopy services 7384 – Photofinishing labs 3861 – Photographic equipment 7221 – Photographic studios 7991 – Physical fitness facilities 5131 – Piece goods & other dry goods 2392 – Pillows, blankets, towels & slip covers 46XX – Pipelines, except Natural Gas 1742 – Plaster & insulation work 2673 – Plastic bags 3085 – Plastic bottles 3089 – Plastic containers, utensils, boats, etc. 3081 – Plastic film & sheets 3086 – Plastic foam 3084 – Plastic pipe 3088 – Plastic plumbing fixtures 3082 – Plastic profile shapes 5162 – Plastics & resins 2821 – Plastics materials 3087 – Plastics, resins, custom compndg 2796 – Platemaking 5074 – Plumbing & water heating 3432 – Plumbing fixture parts 1711 – Plumbing, heating & air conditioning 8043 – Podiatrist’s offices 9221 – Police protection 2842 – Polishes, disinfectants & laundry cleaners 8651 – Political organizations 3264 – Porcelain electrical supplies 1474 – Potash, soda & borate minerals 2096 – Potato/corn chips & snacks 3269 – Pottery products 0259 – Poultry & eggs 0254 – Poultry hatcheries 3546 – Power driven hand tools 2452 – Prefab wood buildings 3449 – Prefabricated bar joists & metal plaster bases 3443 – Prefabricated boilers & plates 3448 – Prefabricated metal buildings 7372 – Prepackaged software 2048 – Prepared animal feeds 2045 – Prepared flour mixes/doughs 3229 – Pressed & blown glassware 3692 – Primary batteries 33XX – Primary Metal Industries 3672 – Printed circuit boards 5111 – Printing & writing paper 27XX – Printing and Publishing 2893 – Printing ink 3555 – Printing trades machinery 7361 – Private employment agencies 88XX – Private Households 8811 – Private households 7941 – Pro sports clubs & promoters 2023 – Processed dairy products 5049 – Professional & engineering equipment 8621 – Professional organizations 8063 – Psychiatric hospitals 2531 – Public building furniture 7992 – Public golf courses 9431 – Public health programs administration 9229 – Public order & safety statistics 8743 – Public relations & PR services 2611 – Pulp mills 3561 – Pumps 7948 – Race tracks & stables 3663 – Radio & TV broadcasting equipment 7622 – Radio & TV repair shops 4832 – Radio stations 7313 – Radio, TV & publisher’s ad representatives 3651 – Radios, televisions & stereos 4812 – Radiotelephone services 3743 – Railroad equipment 6517 – Railroad property lessors 4013 – Railroad switches & terminals 40XX – Railroad Transportation 4011 – Railroads 0251 – Raising cooking chickens 5159 – Raw material farm-products 3273 – Ready-mixed concrete 65XX – Real Estate houses townhomes condos 6531 – Real estate agents, realtors, real estate brokers & managers 6798 – Real estate investment trusts realty 6519 – Real property lessors 5735 – Record, tape & CD stores 3652 – Records, CDs and tapes 4613 – Refined petroleum pipelines 4222 – Refrigerated warehousing & storage 7623 – Refrigeration & air conditioning repair 5078 – Refrigeration equipment 3585 – Refrigeration, air conditioning & heating equipment 4953 – Refuse & Garbage systems 3625 – Relays & industrial controls 6732 – Religious & charitable trusts 8661 – Religious organizations 4741 – Rental of railroad cars 8361 – Residential care 3645 – Residential lighting 3676 – Resistors 5461 – Retail bakeries 7641 – Reupholstery & furniture repair 0112 – Rice farming 2044 – Rice milling 4491 – River, lake & canal transport of passengers 1611 – Road construction, except elevated highways 4959 – Road sweeping, toxic spill cleanup, etc. 2095 – Roasted coffee 2384 – Robes & dressing gowns 3547 – Rolling mill machinery 5033 – Roofing, siding & insulation materials 1761 – Roofing, siding & sheet metal work 7021 – Rooming & boarding houses 30XX – Rubber & Misc Plastics 3021 – Rubber & plastic footwear 3052 – Rubber & plastic hoses & belts 5561 – RV recreational vehicle dealers 7033 – RV parks & campsites 3199 – Saddles, leather jackets & straps 2068 – Salt/roast nuts/seeds 2013 – Sausages/prepared products 2421 – Sawmills & planing 3596 – Scales & balances, except laboratory 4512 – Scheduled air transportation 2397 – Schiffli machine embroideries 4151 – School buses 5093 – Scrap & waste materials 3451 – Screw machine products 4481 – Sea transport of passengers 3341 – Secondary nonferrous metals 7338 – Secretarial & court reporting services 6289 – Security & commodity exchange services 6231 – Security & commodity exchanges 62XX – Security and Commodity Brokers 6211 – Security brokers & flotation companies 7382 – Security systems services 3674 – Semiconductors 5087 – Service business equipment 89XX – Services, NEC 2652 – Setup paperboard boxes 4952 – Sewage Systems 5949 – Sewing & needlework stores 0214 – Sheep & goats 3444 – Sheet metalwork 0913 – Shellfish 3731 – Ship building & repairing 5113 – Shipping paper & paper boxes 7251 – Shoe repair & shine shops 5661 – Shoe stores 6153 – Short-term business credit 3993 – Signs & advertising displays 2221 – Silk & synthetics weaving mills 1044 – Silver ores 3914 – Silver, plated & stainless ware 8051 – Skilled nursing care facility 2015 – Slaughter/process poultry 3484 – Small arms 3482 – Small arms ammunition; 2841 – Soaps & detergents 9441 – Social & human resources administration 83XX – Social Services 2252 – Socks and leg warmers 2086 – Soft drinks/water (can/bottle) 2436 – Softwood veneer & plywood 0711 – Soil preparation services 0116 – Soybean farming 2075 – Soybean oil mills 3764 – Space propulsion parts 9661 – Space research & technology 3769 – Space vehicle equipment 3544 – Special dies & tools 3559 – Special industries machinery 8093 – Special outpatient facilities 17XX – Special Trade Contractors 1799 – Special trade contractors 4226 – Special warehousing & storage 7032 – Sporting & recreational camps 5941 – Sporting goods & bicycle stores 5091 – Sporting goods & supplies 3648 – Stage & outdoor lighting equipment 6022 – State banks 2678 – Stationery 5112 – Stationery & office supply 5943 – Stationery stores 4961 – Steam & air conditioning supply 3324 – Steel investment foundries 3317 – Steel pipe & tubes 3493 – Steel springs, except wire 3315 – Steel wire, nails & spikes 32XX – Stone, Clay, & Glass Products 3691 – Storage batteries 3259 – Structural clay products 1791 – Structural steel erection 2439 – Structural wood 0133 – Sugarcane & sugar beet farming 6351 – Surety insurance 3841 – Surgical & medical instruments 8713 – Surveying services 2824 – Synthetic organic fibers 2822 – Synthetic rubber 3795 – Tanks & tank parts 7291 – Tax return & Income Tax preparers 4121 – Taxicabs 4822 – Telegraphs 4813 – Telephone services 3661 – Telephones & phone switches 8734 – Testing labs 3552 – Textile machinery 22XX – Textile Mill Products 2284 – Thread mills 1743 – Tile, marble & mosaic work 0811 – Timber tracts 2296 – Tire cord & fabrics 7534 – Tire retreading & repair 3011 – Tires & inner tubes 3011 – Tires & inner tubes 5014 – Tires & tubes 6541 – Title abstract companies 6361 – Title insurance 5194 – Tobacco 0132 – Tobacco farming 21XX – Tobacco Products 2141 – Tobacco stemming/redrying 5993 – Tobacco stores & stands 4785 – Toll collecting & inspection services 7532 – Top, body repair & paint shops 4725 – Tour operators 4492 – Towing & tugboat services 5092 – Toys & hobby goods 3612 – Transformers 3677 – Transformers & electronic coils 4731 – Transportation agents & freight forwarding 45XX – Transportation by Air 37XX – Transportation Equipment 5088 – Transportation equipment & supplies 3799 – Transportation equipment, RVs, wheelbarrows, etc. 9621 – Transportation programs administration 47XX – Transportation Services 4724 – Travel agencies 3792 – Travel trailers & campers 0173 – Tree nut groves 3713 – Truck & bus bodies 7513 – Truck rental, without driver 3715 – Truck trailers 42XX – Trucking & Warehousing 4213 – Trucking, except local 3511 – Turbines & generators 0253 – Turkeys & turkey eggs 4833 – TV stations 2791 – Typesetting 43XX – U.S. Postal Service 2674 – Uncoated paper/Multiwall bags 2389 – Uniforms, costumes & accessories 5699 – Uniforms, wigs, costumes & sports clothing 6726 – Unit investment trusts 4311 – United States Postal Service 2512 – Upholstered household furniture 1094 – Uranium, radium and vanadium ore 9532 – Urban planning & rural development 5015 – Used automotive parts 5521 – Used car dealers 5932 – Used merchandise stores 7519 – Utility trailer rental 3494 – Valves & pipe fittings 5331 – Variety stores 2076 – Vegetable oil mills exc corn/soy 0161 – Vegetable & melon farming 4173 – Vehicle passenger terminals 5962 – Vending machine operators 3581 – Vending machines 9451 – Veteran’s affairs, except health 7841 – Videotape rental 8249 – Vocational schools 2679 – Wallpaper, gift wrap, adding machine paper, etc. 7631 – Watch, clock & jewelry repair 3873 – Watches & clocks 4489 – Water passenger transport 4941 – Water supply 44XX – Water Transportation 1781 – Water well drilling 1623 – Water, sewer & utility construction 2385 – Waterproof outerwear 3548 – Welding & soldering equipment 7692 – Welding repair 2046 – Wet corn milling 0111 – Wheat farming 3263 – Whiteware table & kitchen ware 50XX – Wholesale Trade – Durable Goods 51XX – Wholesale Trade – Nondurable Goods 2591 – Window shade and drape hardware 5182 – Wine & distilled spirits 2084 – Wine and brandy 3496 – Wire cloth, chain & fasteners 3495 – Wire springs 3171 – Women’s handbags 3144 – Women’s shoes, except athletic 5137 – Womens & kids clothing 2331 – Womens blouses & shirts 5621 – Womens clothing stores 2335 – Womens dresses 2339 – Womens outerwear 2337 – Womens suit, skirts & coats 2341 – Womens underwear 2449 – Wood containers, tubs & crates 2491 – Wood preserving 2429 – Wooden barrels, shavings & shingles 2441 – Wooden boxes & cases 2499 – Wooden clothespins, ladders, frames, rulers, etc. 2541 – Wooden display cases & cabinets 2431 – Wooden doors, windows & moldings 2511 – Wooden household furniture 2434 – Wooden kitchen cabinets 2521 – Wooden office furniture 2448 – Wooden pallets & skids 2517 – Wooden TV, stereo & sewing cabinets 3553 – Woodworking machinery 2231 – Wool weaving mills 1795 – Wrecking & demolition work 3844 – X-ray apparatus 2281 – Yarn spinning mills 2282 – Yarn throwing & winding mills 8422 – Zoos & botanical gardens

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Doing Industry Research: A Resource Guide

Standard industrial classification code (sic code).

• Introduction
• Basic Strategies
• Research the Companies
• North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS)
• North American Product Classification System (NAPCS)
• International & Trade Classification Systems
• Census Bureau
• Other Agencies
• Subscription Databases
• Print Sources
• Look for the News
• Business Reference: Industry Research Guides
• Knowing Your Market Webinar
• Using the Library of Congress

The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code system was born in the 1930s and used for several decades. It was developed by the Interdepartmental Committee on Industrial Statistics, established by the Central Statistical Board of the United States who developed the List of Industries for Manufacturing , published in 1938, and the 1939 List of Industries for non-manufacturing industries , which became the first Standard Industrial Classification for the United States. The SIC system was last revised in 1987 and was used by most government agencies including the Census Bureau and many private publishers. It was last used by the Census for the 1992 Economic Census, though many databases still include it as part of their indexing. In some cases, particularly when it comes to retail, using SIC codes can be better than using NAICS codes.

The system is broken down into 10 Divisions (A-J) and each is then divided into Major Groups (2 digits) and then into specific 4 digit numbers. Here is a chart of the division structure:

Division A: Agriculture, Forestry, And Fishing Division B: Mining Division C: Construction Division D: Manufacturing Division E: Transportation, Communications, Electric, Gas, And Sanitary Services Division F: Wholesale Trade Division G: Retail Trade Division H: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate Division I: Services Division J: Public Administration

If you are doing historical research you will need to understand and use these codes so we have also included the records for the previous editions of the SIC manuals.

• History of the Standard Industrial Classification Scheme [PDF, 17.0 KB] This is from the introduction by Esther Pearce to the 1967 SIC Manual (misidentified on the site as 1957).
• Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System This page from the Occupational Safety & Health Administration of the U.S. Dept. of Labor offers a search of the 1987 version of the SIC manual by keyword, to access descriptive information for specified 2,3,4-digit SIC's, and also allows users to browse the manual itself.
• SIC Manual A direct link to the SIC Manual, from the Occupational Safety & Health Administration of the U.S. Dept. of Labor.
• SIC Manual (1941-1972) External Digitized 1941-1972 editions are available in full text from Hathi Trust Digital Library.
• << Previous: Classification Codes
• Next: North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) >>
• Last Updated: Sep 11, 2024 1:03 PM
• URL: https://guides.loc.gov/industry-research

List of SIC Activities that contain "writing services"

If you need a list of SIC activities related with the query "writing services", in this page you have a selection of best results

• International SIC Codes
• Search for an International SIC Code
• SIC items containing "writing services"

Searching for "WRITING SERVICES" into SIC

Our internal search engine shows all items that contain the query "writing services" in the title or the explanation of all SIC items.

There are 111 results searching for your query: WRITING SERVICES

• Support activities for animal production ... growth and output of animals . herd testing SERVICES , droving SERVICES , agistment SERVICES , poultry ... Class 0162
• Support SERVICES to forestry Group 024
• Support SERVICES to forestry ... inventories . forest management consulting SERVICES . timber evaluation . forest fire fighting and ... Class 0240
• Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas ... and gas extraction, such as oil and gas field SERVICES , performed on a fee or contract basis, oil and ... Division 06
• Mining support service activities ... division includes specialized support SERVICES incidental to mining provided on a fee or contract ... Division 09
• Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction ... on a fee or contract basis: . exploration SERVICES in connection with petroleum or gas extraction, ... Class 0910
• Support activities for other mining and quarrying ... class includes: - support SERVICES on a fee or contract basis, required for mining activities of ... Class 0990
• Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard ... manufacture of newsprint and other printing or WRITING paper - manufacture of cellulose wadding and ... Class 1701
• Printing and reproduction of recorded media ... activities, such as bookbinding, plate-making SERVICES , and data imaging. The support activities ... Division 18
• Printing and service activities related to printing ... activities, such as bookbinding, plate-making SERVICES , and data imaging. Printing can be done using ... Group 181
• Service activities related to printing ... recognition, electronic make-up - plate-making SERVICES including imagesetting and plate-setting (for ... Class 1812
• Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products ... kerosene, fuel oil etc. ) as well as processing SERVICES (e. g. custom refining). This division includes ... Division 19
• Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. ... class also includes: - manufacture of WRITING and drawing ink - manufacture of ... Class 2029
• Treatment and coating of metals; machining ... etc. of metalwork pieces - cutting of and WRITING on metals by means of laser ... Class 2592
• Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment) ... or tape binding) - manufacture of cheque WRITING machines - manufacture of coin counting and coin ... Class 2817
• Water collection, treatment and supply ... included; however the provision of irrigation SERVICES through sprinklers, and similar agricultural ... Class 3600
• Remediation activities and other waste management services ... division includes the provision of remediation SERVICES , i. e. the cleanup of contaminated buildings and ... Division 39
• Remediation activities and other waste management services Group 390
• Remediation activities and other waste management services Class 3900
• Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles ... of any type of goods and the rendering of SERVICES incidental to the sale of these goods. ... Section G
• Wholesale of other machinery and equipment ... use in industry, trade and navigation and other SERVICES This class also includes: - wholesale of ... Class 4659
• Retail sale of electrical household appliances, furniture, lighting equipment and other household articles in specialized stores ... and vaults, without installation or maintenance SERVICES - retail sale of household articles and ... Class 4759
• Other passenger land transport ... road transport: . scheduled long-distance bus SERVICES . charters, excursions and other occasional ... Class 4922
• Service activities incidental to air transportation ... includes: - firefighting and fire-prevention SERVICES at ... Class 5223
• Postal and courier activities ... arrangements. Local delivery and messenger SERVICES are also ... Division 53
• Postal activities ... class includes the activities of postal SERVICES operating under a universal service obligation. The ... Class 5310
• Courier activities ... class also includes: - home delivery ... Class 5320
• Accommodation and food service activities ... The amount and type of supplementary SERVICES provided within this section can vary ... Section I
• Short term accommodation activities ... or without daily or other regular housekeeping SERVICES , and may often include a range of additional ... Class 5510
• Restaurants and mobile food service activities ... class includes the provision of food SERVICES to customers, whether they are served while seated or ... Class 5610
• Event catering ... class includes the provision of food SERVICES based on contractual arrangements with the customer, at ... Class 5621
• Other food service activities ... industrial catering, i. e. the provision of food SERVICES based on contractual arrangements with the ... Class 5629
• Wired telecommunications activities ... of networks and providing telecommunications SERVICES using this capacity to businesses and ... Class 6110
• Wireless telecommunications activities ... and providing wireless telecommunications SERVICES (except satellite) using this capacity to ... Class 6120
• Other telecommunications activities ... to the public - provision of telecommunications SERVICES over existing telecom connections: . VOIP (Voice ... Class 6190
• Computer programming, consultancy and related activities ... in the field of information technologies: WRITING , modifying, testing and supporting software; ... Division 62
• Computer programming activities ... class includes the WRITING , modifying, testing and supporting of software. This class includes: - ... Class 6201
• Computer consultancy and computer facilities management activities ... of the system as part of their integrated SERVICES or these components may be provided by third ... Class 6202
• Data processing, hosting and related activities; web portals ... of infrastructure for hosting, data processing SERVICES and related activities, as well as the provision ... Group 631
• Data processing, hosting and related activities ... of infrastructure for hosting, data processing SERVICES and related activities - specialized hosting ... Class 6311
• Other information service activities n.e.c. ... such as: - telephone based information SERVICES - information search SERVICES on a contract or ... Class 6399
• Financial and insurance activities ... activities and activities to support financial SERVICES . This section also includes the activities of ... Section K
• Trusts, funds and similar financial entities ... or no employment and no revenue from the sale of SERVICES . This class includes: - open-end investment ... Class 6430
• Other credit granting ... cards etc. , providing the following types of SERVICES : . granting of consumer credit . international ... Class 6492
• Other financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding activities, n.e.c. ... than by making loans: . factoring activities . WRITING of swaps, options and other hedging ... Class 6499
• Non-life insurance ... class includes: - provision of insurance SERVICES other than life insurance: . accident and fire ... Class 6512
• Activities auxiliary to financial service and insurance activities ... division includes the provision of SERVICES involved in or closely related to financial service ... Division 66
• Other activities auxiliary to financial service activities ... credit card transactions - investment advisory SERVICES - activities of mortgage advisers and ... Class 6619
• Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding ... benefits and insurance and pension related SERVICES such as claims adjustment and third party ... Group 662
• Risk and damage evaluation ... class includes the provision of administration SERVICES of insurance, such as assessing and settling ... Class 6621
• Other activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding ... agents): . salvage administration . actuarial ... Class 6629
• Real estate activities ... renting real estate, providing other real estate SERVICES such as appraising real estate or acting as real ... Section L
• Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis ... or contract basis including real estate related SERVICES . This class includes: - activities of real ... Class 6820
• Legal and accounting activities ... It also includes accounting and bookkeeping SERVICES such as auditing of accounting records, ... Division 69
• Management consultancy activities ... control planning. This provision of business SERVICES may include advice, guidance or operational ... Class 7020
• Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis ... division includes the provision of architectural SERVICES , engineering SERVICES , drafting SERVICES , ... Division 71
• Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy ... class includes the provision of architectural SERVICES , engineering SERVICES , drafting SERVICES , ... Class 7110
• Scientific research and development ... to installing new processes, systems and SERVICES , and to improving substantially those already ... Division 72
• Advertising ... the provision of a full range of advertising SERVICES (i. e. through in-house capabilities or ... Class 7310
• Other professional, scientific and technical activities ... of professional scientific and technical SERVICES (except legal and accounting activities; ... Division 74
• Employment activities ... human resources and human resource management SERVICES for others on a contract or fee basis. This ... Division 78
• Travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and related activities ... travel, tour, transportation and accommodation SERVICES to the general public and commercial clients and ... Division 79
• Travel agency and tour operator activities ... travel, tour, transportation and accommodation SERVICES to the general public and commercial clients and ... Group 791
• Travel agency activities ... travel, tour, transportation and accommodation SERVICES to the general public and commercial ... Class 7911
• Other reservation service and related activities ... provision of other travel-related reservation SERVICES : . reservations for transportation, hotels, ... Class 7990
• Security and investigation activities ... division includes security-related SERVICES such as: investigation and detective SERVICES ; guard and ... Division 80
• Private security activities ... one or more of the following: guard and patrol SERVICES , picking up and delivering money, receipts or ... Class 8010
• Services to buildings and landscape activities ... the provision of a number of general support SERVICES , such as the provision of a combination of ... Division 81
• Combined facilities support activities ... provision of a combination of support SERVICES within a client's facility, such as general ... Class 8110
• Other building and industrial cleaning activities ... units - swimming pool cleaning and maintenance SERVICES - cleaning of industrial machinery - bottle ... Class 8129
• Office administrative, office support and other business support activities ... of a range of day-to-day office administrative SERVICES , as well as ongoing routine business support ... Division 82
• Office administrative and support activities ... of a range of day-to-day office administrative SERVICES , such as financial planning, billing and record ... Group 821
• Combined office administrative service activities ... combination of day-to-day office administrative SERVICES , such as reception, financial planning, billing ... Class 8211
• Photocopying, document preparation and other specialized office support activities ... or desktop publishing - secretarial support SERVICES - transcription of documents, and other ... ... other secretarial services - letter or resume WRITING - provision of mailbox rental and other mailing ... Class 8219
• Activities of call centres ... using similar methods to sell or market goods or SERVICES to potential customers, undertake market ... Class 8220
• Activities of collection agencies and credit bureaus ... to the clients, such as bill or debt collection SERVICES - compiling of information, such as credit and ... Class 8291
• Other business support service activities n.e.c. ... as: . court reporting or stenotype recording SERVICES . public stenography SERVICES - real-time (i. e. ... Class 8299
• Public administration and defence; compulsory social security ... defence, public order and safety, immigration SERVICES , foreign affairs and the administration of ... Section O
• General public administration activities ... economic and social planning and statistical SERVICES at the various levels of ... Class 8411
• Regulation of the activities of providing health care, education, cultural SERVICES and other social SERVICES , excluding social security ... recreation . environment . housing . social SERVICES - public administration of R&D policies and ... Class 8412
• Provision of SERVICES to the community as a whole Group 842
• Foreign affairs ... and support for information and cultural SERVICES intended for distribution beyond national ... Class 8421
• Public order and safety activities ... or when provided by the government in cash or SERVICES - rendering of judgements and interpretations of ... Class 8423
• Pre-primary and primary education ... students a sound basic education in reading, WRITING and mathematics along with an elementary ... Class 8510
• Other education n.e.c. ... is not definable by level - academic tutoring SERVICES - college board preparation - learning centres ... Class 8549
• Educational support activities ... class includes: - provision of non-instructional SERVICES that support educational processes or systems: . ... Class 8550
• Hospital activities ... supervision of medical doctors and include: . SERVICES of medical and paramedical staff . SERVICES of ... Class 8610
• Medical and dental practice activities ... in operating rooms - private consultants' SERVICES to ... Class 8620
• Other human health activities ... any mode of transport including airplanes. These SERVICES are often provided during a medical ... Class 8690
• Residential care activities ... the care provided is a mix of health and social SERVICES with the health SERVICES being largely some ... Division 87
• Residential care activities for the elderly and disabled ... the provision of residential and personal care SERVICES for the elderly and disabled who are unable to ... Class 8730
• Other residential care activities ... the provision of residential and personal care SERVICES for persons, except the elderly and disabled, ... Class 8790
• Social work activities without accommodation ... the provision of a variety of social assistance SERVICES directly to clients. The activities in this ... Division 88
• Social work activities without accommodation for the elderly and disabled ... counselling, welfare, referral and similar SERVICES which are aimed at the elderly and disabled in ... Class 8810
• Other social work activities without accommodation ... welfare, refugee, referral and similar SERVICES which are delivered to individuals and families ... Class 8890
• Creative, arts and entertainment activities ... the operation of facilities and provision of SERVICES to meet the cultural and entertainment interests ... ... writers, for all subjects including fictional WRITING , technical WRITING etc. - activities of ... Class 9000
• Library and archives activities ... requests etc. - stock photo libraries and ... Class 9101
• Gambling and betting activities ... gaming terminals and the provision of gambling SERVICES , such as lotteries and off-track ... Division 92
• Sports activities ... events; sports trainers providing specialized SERVICES to support participants in sports events or ... Group 931
• Other amusement and recreation activities ... of units that operate facilities or provide SERVICES to meet the varied recreational interests of ... Group 932
• Activities of religious organizations ... religious organizations or individuals providing SERVICES directly to worshippers in churches, mosques, ... Class 9491
• Other personal service activities ... the classification. Notably it includes types of SERVICES such as washing and (dry-)cleaning of textiles ... Division 96
• Washing and (dry-) cleaning of textile and fur products ... and related items by laundries - diaper supply SERVICES This class also includes: - repair and minor ... Class 9601
• Funeral and related activities ... or cremation and embalming and morticians' SERVICES . providing burial or cremation SERVICES . ... Class 9603
• Other personal service activities n.e.c. ... activities - social activities such as escort SERVICES , dating SERVICES , SERVICES of marriage bureaux - ... Class 9609
• Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and SERVICES ,producing activities of households for own use Section T
• Undifferentiated goods- and SERVICES ,producing activities of private households for own use ... undifferentiated subsistence goods-producing and SERVICES -producing activities of households. Households ... Division 98
• Undifferentiated service-producing activities of private households for own use ... class includes: - undifferentiated subsistence SERVICES -producing activities of households, i. e. the ... Class 9820

Main Sections

Sic items by word.

• construction

Most visited codes

Most frequent searches.

• medical imaging
• energy test
• real estate

Last searches with results

• writing services
• pharmaceutical ingredients
• internet media
• family office
• aviation navigation
• recycle electronics
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• motion pictures
• wood manufacturer

© 2024 - A website from Julián Vida This is an unofficial website about SIC Codes

List of SIC Codes of activities containig content writing

If you need the SIC Code for an business or economic activity related with the search content writing here is the answer.

• UK SIC Codes
• Searching for content writing

SIC Code for CONTENT WRITING

There are 24 results found searching for CONTENT WRITING

• Activity: database structure and content design SIC Code: 62012 | Description: Business and domestic software development
• Activity: roots and tubers with a high starch or inulin content SIC Code: 01130 | Description: Growing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers
• Activity: designing of structure and content of business and domestic software databases SIC Code: 62012 | Description: Business and domestic software development
• Activity: music downloads (on-line publishing with provision of downloaded content ) SIC Code: 59200 | Description: Sound recording and music publishing activities
• Activity: designing of structure and content of an interactive leisure and entertainment software database SIC Code: 62011 | Description: Ready-made interactive leisure and entertainment software developmen
• Activity: law writing SIC Code: 69109 | Description: Activities of patent and copyright agents; other legal activities (other than those of barristers and solicitors) n.e.c.
• Activity: shorthand writing SIC Code: 82190 | Description: Photocopying, document preparation and other specialised office support activities
• Activity: letter or resume writing SIC Code: 82190 | Description: Photocopying, document preparation and other specialised office support activities
• Activity: writing paper (manufacture) SIC Code: 17120 | Description: Manufacture of paper and paperboard
• Activity: writing compendiums (manufacture) SIC Code: 17230 | Description: Manufacture of paper stationery
• Activity: poster writing (manufacture) SIC Code: 18130 | Description: Pre-press and pre-media services
• Activity: slates for writing (manufacture) SIC Code: 32990 | Description: Other manufacturing n.e.c.
• Activity: writing paper pads (manufacture) SIC Code: 17230 | Description: Manufacture of paper stationery
• Activity: pens for writing or drawing (manufacture) SIC Code: 32990 | Description: Other manufacturing n.e.c.
• Activity: writing instrument sets (manufacture) SIC Code: 32990 | Description: Other manufacturing n.e.c.
• Activity: chalk for drawing or writing (manufacture) SIC Code: 32990 | Description: Other manufacturing n.e.c.
• Activity: shorthand writing machines (manufacture) SIC Code: 28230 | Description: Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment)
• Activity: printing and writing paper ready for use (manufacture) SIC Code: 17230 | Description: Manufacture of paper stationery
• Activity: cheque writing and signing machine (manufacture) SIC Code: 28230 | Description: Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment)
• Activity: pencils, crayons, leads, drawing charcoals, writing or drawing chalks and tailors chalk (wholesale) SIC Code: 46499 | Description: Wholesale of household goods (other than musical instruments) n.e.c.
• Activity: base paper for printing and writing paper (manufacture) SIC Code: 17120 | Description: Manufacture of paper and paperboard

Main Sections

• engineering

Top Searches

• consultancy
• digital marketing
• investment compañ
• holding companies
• event management
• property management
• project management
• graphic design
• management consultancy
• recruitment agency
• interior design
• property investment
• recruitment consultancy
• 98000 residents property management

Last Searches

• content writing
• leadership and management
• photography map
• car fresheners
• life coaching and mentoring
• cabling routes
• fasfood shop
• banking and insurance
• charitablevocational training
• international money transfer
• protection film
• white certificate
• health diet
• life transition coaching

© 2024 - A website from Julián Vida This is an unofficial website about UK SIC Codes

Product and Service Code Manual

Welcome to the Product and Service Code (PSC) manual page, where you can find the archive version in multiple formats along with supporting documentation.

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Showing Off Your [Sic] Moves

If you're reading an article (a great habit to keep, by the way ) in which the author is quoting another writer or citing a title, you might see the word [ sic ] inserted somewhere in the text:

The cartoonist cast back to another strip he had drawn in 1972 as a contribution to a compendium called Funny Aminals ( sic ). — David H. VanBiema, People , 27 Oct. 1986

[Sic] signals that a quote appears as originally found, without edits.

Sic usually appears in parentheses or brackets, sometimes with the letters in italics. In this context it means “intentionally so written.” On its own, sic means “so” or “thus” and can be found in phrases such as sic transit gloria mundi ("so passes away the glory of the world") and sic semper tyrannis ("thus ever to tyrants," the motto of the state of Virginia).

What is denoted by sic is that the word or phrase that precedes it occurs in the original passage being quoted or name being used and was not introduced by the writer doing the quoting. Sometimes the quoted text contains an error of grammar or spelling, but other times it might not contain an error at all, but some kind of language or phrasing that might be unexpected.

In the instance above, the comics collection is facetiously titled Funny Aminals , with the consonants of the familiar word animals transposed. The insertion of sic indicates that the title has not been altered or corrected for VanBiema’s article, nor was it an error introduced by VanBiema.

To take another example:

The share price of Maple Leaf Gardens, which owns the Toronto Maple Leafs ( sic ) hockey team, has risen sharply because of betting that the group’s 83-year-old owner, Mr Harold Ballard, could soon die. — The Economist , 22-28 Nov. 1986

In this case, The Economist is pointing out to its readers that Maple Leafs is the correct name for the hockey team, and not, say, Maple Leaves , as those not familiar with professional North American ice hockey might expect to see it rendered.

Sic is particularly useful when one is quoting from a source that has not undergone the rigors of editorial oversight. That can include, for example, a transcript of an interview, or a personal journal or correspondence:

By 1852, Isabella had three children, and she and Charles were looking for a home in Flat Rock. "Charley has found a sight ( sic ) for a building overlooking Mr. Bearing's ( sic ) mill pond and belonging to him," Isabella wrote her mom, "but whether he will sell or not is very doubtful." They'd previously been shown Mr. Maxwell's property, "but it was too high and windy and the hill in front almost perpendicular, water being raised by buckets attached to a wire." — Rob Neufeld, The Asheville Citizen-Times (North Carolina), 2 Apr. 2018 This proved too much for Robert Barnett, the Washington superlawyer and longtime adviser to the Clintons, who fired off an e-mail lighting into her senior staff: "STOP IT!!!! I have help [ sic ] my tongue for weeks. ..." — Joshua Green, Bloomberg , 20-26 Apr. 2015

In the modern age, sic is similarly useful as unedited social media accounts become a source of information for journalists. When a post or tweet contains a misspelling or unusual grammar, a writer quoting the tweet might reproduce the post as it appeared:

Amelia Gray Hamlin, the daughter of actors Lisa Rinna and Harry Hamlin, took to Instagram on Sunday to reveal that she struggled with anorexia. … "I went through this journey not for attention, not for people to pitty [ sic ] me, but to help," she said. "I am on this earth to help people, and I know that." — Chloe Melas, CNN.com, 2 Apr. 2018 Opposite the Grammys, Oprah Winfrey's fledgling channel, OWN (Oprah Winfrey Network), was running a two-hour special on the late singer, and Oprah Herself took to Twitter to beseech the Nielsen families among her millions of … followers to tune in: "Every 1 who can please turn to OWN especially if u have a Neilsen [ sic ] box." — James Wolcott, Vanity Fair , June 2012

There are a host of etiquette issues that surround sic . Since it often follows misspellings or nontraditional language use, some commentators see it as a means of needlessly making a value judgment on someone else’s language habits. In Modern English Usage , the grammarian H. W. Fowler wrote that sic “should only be used when doubt [about the intent behind another writer’s words] is natural; but reviewers and controversialists are tempted to pretend that it is; because sic provides them with a neat and compendious form of sneer”; The New Yorker ’s Louis Menand describes sic as a “damning interpolation, combining ordinary, garden-variety contempt with pedantic condescension.” Sometimes it may be better to paraphrase the text and avoid what seems like haughty comment on another writer’s choices.

Alternately, it can help to offer a gentle parenthetical correction or adjustment to what the reader would be more likely to expect (as in “not for people to pitty [ read : pity] me”).

But let’s face it: sometimes, pedantic condescension is precisely what you’re going for. So occasionally, you’ll see writers who cannot help themselves using sic to offer, like a dagger to the gut, a dose of tongue-in-cheek commentary:

On page 42 we view from below our arched eyebrows the sentence ‘Night after night I’d fill up my pal with these horrific stories of Jean-Jacque’s’ (absolutely sic ). — Kevin O. Nolan, The Best of Myles , 1968 Furthermore, I have met some doctors and a good many nurses who conscientiously object to participating in second-trimester abortions … . Forty-four states now have such conscience clauses, but the Freedom of Choice ( sic ) Act would wipe them all out. — Nat Hentoff, Elle , September 1992

Additionally, it’s regarded as bad form to use sic repeatedly when the same error or weird spelling occurs in a document. If the writer being quoted misspells a word and then proceeds to keep misspelling the word the same way throughout the rest of the text, there’s no need to keep pointing out the error unless there’s reason to believe a reader might need to be reminded. Otherwise, they may wish you'd just help ( sic ) your tongue about it.

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• Ministry of Defence

Published 19 September 2024

© Crown copyright 2024

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mod-supported-employment-estimates-202223/annex-a

1. Introduction

For further transparency on the methodology used in the Regional Employment bulletin , Annex A has been designed to guide users through the process of estimating indirect jobs by a worked example.

2. Methodology in Practice

As a worked example, we can explore the indirect jobs in the Manufacturing of Metal Products (MOD SIC group 17) as a result of expenditure on Shipbuilding and Repairing (MOD SIC group 27).

From Table 6 of MOD’s Regional Expenditure bulletin’s supporting data tables we know that the direct spend on Shipbuilding and Repairing was £5,497 million in 2022/23. To see how many indirect jobs this sector alone supports we can take this figure as our MOD vector of final demand and set all other values to zero.

Let f be the MOD vector of final demand, where here we now have,

Description of mathematical notation: defines the input vector of final demand. In abridged format it shows f equals a fifty-two by one matrix where the input expenditure for Shipbuilding, SIC group 27, is £5,497 million. All other groups have input spend as zero.

We then need to construct the aggregated Input-Output Table ( IOT ) according to MOD’s own 52 SIC groupings from the 100+ SIC codes used in the Office for National Statistics’ ( ONS ) IOT tables starting with the outlined IOT in Table 1. Note that this is a subset of the whole table for illustrative purposes.

Table 1: 2019 Input-Output Table (Domestic Use, Basic Prices, Product by Product, £ million)

The ONS IOT displays domestic use in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing against the separate SIC codes of 01, 02 and 03 respectively. For MOD expenditure these are grouped together as MOD SIC group 1, so we simply sum each entry in row and column for SIC codes 01, 02 and 03 to get the aggregated domestic use for MOD SIC group 1. This is repeated across all ONS SIC codes to transform the IOT into the now aggregated IOT table according to MOD’s 52 SIC groups as shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Aggregated 2019 Input-Output Table (Domestic Use, Basic Prices, Product by Product, £ million)