what is the meaning of assignment in lesson plan

The Four Main Parts of a Lesson Plan Made Simple

by Brad Melsby – updated January 23, 2024

What is a lesson plan and why do you need one?

The world of education is full of (too) many lesson plan templates and styles.  As you develop as a teacher, you’ll naturally grow into a more detailed lesson plan format.  Your school or district may require a different format or style of lesson plan.  Whatever your situation, it’s most useful for newer teachers to focus on the four main parts of a lesson plan.  These four elements are essential to your early success in the classroom. 

Your lesson plan is the roadmap for how the class period will be organized.  In the lesson plan, you identify what will be taught, how it will be taught, and by what method you plan to see if students learned it.  Without a structured lesson plan, a class period can quickly lose focus or direction.

In this article, we’ll focus on the four main parts of a lesson plan.

Lesson Planning Simplified: The Four Main Parts of a Lesson Plan

Lesson component #1: identify the learning objectives.

Ask yourself: What new concepts, knowledge, or skills do I want my students to learn today?  

When I chat with new teachers about how their class is going, I sometimes hear them say, “We’re doing the Roman Empire right now” or “We’re doing fractions today.”   I get that the word “doing” in this context is just an expression.  

But I also remember the realities of being a new teacher.  In my first year or two, my goal was to “fill the period” with academic activities.  Surely if we are doing something, the kids will learn.  Right?  

“Doing” does not necessarily equate to learning.

For many new teachers, a major evolution is to focus less on “filling the period” — although unstructured class time is rarely good — and more on your learning objective(s).

Check out the sample learning objectives below. Notice how the addition of learning objectives shifts the focus away from the topic (“We’re doing the Roman Empire”) to the students and their skill acquisition.     

Here are a few sample learning objectives:

• At the end of the lesson, students will be able to identify and explain six causes of World War II.
• By the end of the lesson, students will be able to apply the rules of the Order of Operations to evaluate algebraic expressions.
• Students will be able to categorize types of animals into the correct classes with a graphic organizer.
• By the end of the reading lesson, students will be able to identify the rising action, climax, and falling action on a plot diagram.

Learning objectives force the teacher to think strategically.  How can you best support the students in achieving the objective? What instructional or learning activities will best fit the objective?  Clear learning objectives are arguably the most important part of a lesson.

Lesson Component # 2: The Lesson “Hook”

Ask yourself: How will I introduce the topic? How can I get students interested in the topic?

A lesson introduction should:

• Provide brief context and background information on the topic while engaging interest
• Create excitement or interest.  Compel the class to want to know more about the topic
• Explain the relevance of the topic to the larger unit or course 
• Provide a clear link between today’s objectives and the student’s prior knowledge

Your students likely possess a wide variety of personal experiences and knowledge.  As a result, it’s helpful to use the introduction to gauge prior knowledge or misconceptions about the topic. 

A few strategies for introducing the lesson:

Tell a personal story, analyze a relevant image or song, watch a video clip, provide a real-world connection or example, or present a probing challenge or question. 

Lesson Component #3 : The Learning Activities

Ask yourself: What will the students do to achieve the lesson objective?  

In a general sense, the learning activities can be divided into two parts: Guided Practice and Individual/Group Practice.  This is sometimes referred to as the gradual release of responsibility method: I Do, We Do, You Do.

Guided Practice (I Do, We Do): Here, the teacher explains and models the learning activity while answering clarifying questions.  Guided practice then allows students to participate in the learning activity under supervision and with direct feedback from the instructor.  

From a teacher’s perspective, guided practice is a key form of formative assessment.  Teachers use guided practice to determine whether students are ready to complete the activity without scaffolded support.  

Individual/Group Practice (You do):  Students complete the learning activity.  In guided practice, students learn with the steady support of the teacher.  Individual/group practice is the time for students to demonstrate proficiency on their own.  Independent practice can include homework assignments.   

Lesson Component #4 : Assessment and Closure

Ask yourself : How can I know if the students have met the learning objective of the lesson?

Lesson closure gives teachers the chance to briefly conduct one final review of the lesson and check to ensure that the intended student learning has occurred.

Go back to your original lesson objectives.  Create questions to ask students that address your learning goals.  You can place those questions on a homework assignment, an exit ticket , a quiz, or simply ask the questions in the form of a discussion.

Teachers use the assessment from today’s lesson to inform tomorrow’s lesson plan . 

What questions or confusion came up that need clarification? What if anything do I need to reteach?  What key concepts from today’s lesson will be useful to build on during tomorrow’s lesson?

Related resource:

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Brad has taught history at the middle and high school levels for 19 years, almost exclusively in American public schools.  He holds a master’s in educational technology and is passionate about elevating the status of professional educators.

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Strategies for Effective Lesson Planning

Stiliana milkova center for research on learning and teaching.

A lesson plan is the instructor’s road map of what students need to learn and how it will be done effectively during the class time. Before you plan your lesson, you will first need to identify the learning objectives for the class meeting.  Then, you can design appropriate learning activities and develop strategies to obtain feedback on student learning. A successful lesson plan addresses and integrates these three key components:

• Objectives for student learning
• Teaching/learning activities
• Strategies to check student understanding

Specifying concrete objectives for student learning will help you determine the kinds of teaching and learning activities you will use in class, while those activities will define how you will check whether the learning objectives have been accomplished (see Fig. 1).

Steps for Preparing a Lesson Plan

Below are six steps to guide you when you create your first lesson plans. Each step is accompanied by a set of questions meant to prompt reflection and aid you in designing your teaching and learning activities.

(1) Outline learning objectives

The first step is to determine what you want students to learn and be able to do at the end of class. To help you specify your objectives for student learning, answer the following questions:

• What is the topic of the lesson?
• What do I want students to learn?
• What do I want them to understand and be able to do at the end of class?
• What do I want them to take away from this particular lesson?

Once you outline the learning objectives for the class meeting, rank them in terms of their importance. This step will prepare you for managing class time and accomplishing the more important learning objectives in case you are pressed for time. Consider the following questions:

• What are the most important concepts, ideas, or skills I want students to be able to grasp and apply?
• Why are they important?
• If I ran out of time, which ones could not be omitted?
• And conversely, which ones could I skip if pressed for time?

(2) Develop the introduction

Now that you have your learning objectives in order of their importance, design the specific activities you will use to get students to understand and apply what they have learned. Because you will have a diverse body of students with different academic and personal experiences, they may already be familiar with the topic. That is why you might start with a question or activity to gauge students’ knowledge of the subject or possibly, their preconceived notions about it. For example, you can take a simple poll: “How many of you have heard of X? Raise your hand if you have.” You can also gather background information from your students prior to class by sending students an electronic survey or asking them to write comments on index cards. This additional information can help shape your introduction, learning activities, etc.  When you have an idea of the students’ familiarity with the topic, you will also have a sense of what to focus on.

Develop a creative introduction to the topic to stimulate interest and encourage thinking. You can use a variety of approaches to engage students (e.g., personal anecdote, historical event, thought-provoking dilemma, real-world example, short video clip, practical application, probing question, etc.). Consider the following questions when planning your introduction:

• How will I check whether students know anything about the topic or have any preconceived notions about it?
• What are some commonly held ideas (or possibly misconceptions) about this topic that students might be familiar with or might espouse?
• What will I do to introduce the topic?

 (3) Plan the specific learning activities (the main body of the lesson)

Prepare several different ways of explaining the material (real-life examples, analogies, visuals, etc.) to catch the attention of more students and appeal to different learning styles. As you plan your examples and activities, estimate how much time you will spend on each. Build in time for extended explanation or discussion, but also be prepared to move on quickly to different applications or problems, and to identify strategies that check for understanding. These questions would help you design the learning activities you will use:

• What will I do to explain the topic?
• What will I do to illustrate the topic in a different way?
• How can I engage students in the topic?
• What are some relevant real-life examples, analogies, or situations that can help students understand the topic?
• What will students need to do to help them understand the topic better?

(4) Plan to check for understanding

Now that you have explained the topic and illustrated it with different examples, you need to check for student understanding – how will you know that students are learning? Think about specific questions you can ask students in order to check for understanding, write them down, and then paraphrase them so that you are prepared to ask the questions in different ways. Try to predict the answers your questions will generate. Decide on whether you want students to respond orally or in writing. You can look at Strategies to Extend Student Thinking , http://www.crlt.umich.edu/gsis/P4_4.php to help you generate some ideas and you can also ask yourself these questions:

• What questions will I ask students to check for understanding?
• What will I have students do to demonstrate that they are following?
• Going back to my list of learning objectives, what activity can I have students do to check whether each of those has been accomplished?

An important strategy that will also help you with time management is to anticipate students’ questions. When planning your lesson, decide what kinds of questions will be productive for discussion and what questions might sidetrack the class. Think about and decide on the balance between covering content (accomplishing your learning objectives) and ensuring that students understand.

(5) Develop a conclusion and a preview

Go over the material covered in class by summarizing the main points of the lesson. You can do this in a number of ways: you can state the main points yourself (“Today we talked about…”), you can ask a student to help you summarize them, or you can even ask all students to write down on a piece of paper what they think were the main points of the lesson. You can review the students’ answers to gauge their understanding of the topic and then explain anything unclear the following class. Conclude the lesson not only by summarizing the main points, but also by previewing the next lesson. How does the topic relate to the one that’s coming? This preview will spur students’ interest and help them connect the different ideas within a larger context.

(6) Create a realistic timeline

GSIs know how easy it is to run out of time and not cover all of the many points they had planned to cover. A list of ten learning objectives is not realistic, so narrow down your list to the two or three key concepts, ideas, or skills you want students to learn. Instructors also agree that they often need to adjust their lesson plan during class depending on what the students need. Your list of prioritized learning objectives will help you make decisions on the spot and adjust your lesson plan as needed. Having additional examples or alternative activities will also allow you to be flexible. A realistic timeline will reflect your flexibility and readiness to adapt to the specific classroom environment. Here are some strategies for creating a realistic timeline:

• Estimate how much time each of the activities will take, then plan some extra time for each
• When you prepare your lesson plan, next to each activity indicate how much time you expect it will take
• Plan a few minutes at the end of class to answer any remaining questions and to sum up key points
• Plan an extra activity or discussion question in case you have time left
• Be flexible – be ready to adjust your lesson plan to students’ needs and focus on what seems to be more productive rather than sticking to your original plan

Presenting the Lesson Plan

Letting your students know what they will be learning and doing in class will help keep them more engaged and on track. You can share your lesson plan by writing a brief agenda on the board or telling students explicitly what they will be learning and doing in class. You can outline on the board or on a handout the learning objectives for the class. Providing a meaningful organization of the class time can help students not only remember better, but also follow your presentation and understand the rationale behind in-class activities. Having a clearly visible agenda (e.g., on the board) will also help you and students stay on track.

Reflecting on Your Lesson Plan

A lesson plan may not work as well as you had expected due to a number of extraneous circumstances. You should not get discouraged – it happens to even the most experienced teachers! Take a few minutes after each class to reflect on what worked well and why, and what you could have done differently. Identifying successful and less successful organization of class time and activities would make it easier to adjust to the contingencies of the classroom. For additional feedback on planning and managing class time, you can use the following resources: student feedback, peer observation, viewing a videotape of your teaching, and consultation with a staff member at CRLT (see also, Improving Your Teaching: Obtaining Feedback , http://www.crlt.umich.edu/gsis/P9_1.php and Early Feedback Form , http://www.crlt.umich.edu/gsis/earlyfeedback.pdf).

To be effective, the lesson plan does not have to be an exhaustive document that describes each and every possible classroom scenario. Nor does it have to anticipate each and every student’s response or question. Instead, it should provide you with a general outline of your teaching goals, learning objectives, and means to accomplish them. It is a reminder of what you want to do and how you want to do it. A productive lesson is not one in which everything goes exactly as planned, but one in which both students and instructors learn from each other.

Additional Resources

Video clips of GSIs at the University of Michigan actively engaging students in a practice teaching session: https://crlte.engin.umich.edu/engineering-gsi-videos/ 

Plan the First Day's Session: How to create to a lesson plan for the first day of class:  http://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/pre-semester-intro/first-day-plan/

Fink, D. L. (2005). Integrated course design. Manhattan, KS: The IDEA Center. Retrieved from https://www.ideaedu.org/idea_papers/integrated-course-design/

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Types of Lesson Plan, Formats and Parts (with Samples)

Teaching is an art, and every masterpiece begins with a plan. For educators in Nigeria and all over the world, that plan is called Lesson Plan . In this guide, we will be looking at the Types of Lesson Plan, the various formats, the parts and sample lesson plans.

Lesson Plans are simply the plan of how teachers plan to deliver their lessons. Lesson plans are not just for formality, they are the backbone of a successful teaching and learning.

Lesson plans are the guiding light for teachers, outlining the objectives of the lesson (what the students need to learn), teaching and learning activities (the teaching methodology), and assessment (what evaluation methods will be used to measure if the objectives of the lesson was achieved or not).

The Importance of Lesson Planning

Teaching without a lesson plan is like trying to find your way around in a new city without a map or city tour guide. It can be so frustrating trying to teach a class unprepared and without a lesson plan. And that is why this article on “Types of Lesson Plan” will not be complete if I fail to mention some of the importance of lesson planning .

Here are some of the reasons why lesson plans are important:

• Guidance: A well-structured lesson plan serves as a guiding roadmap for teachers, providing a clear and organised framework to follow. It acts as a compass that helps in achieving the lesson’s objectives while maintaining a logical flow of content.
• Builds Confidence in Teachers: A well-prepared and detailed lesson plan equips the teacher with understanding of the subject matter, teaching strategies, and potential challenges, fostering a sense of preparedness that directly translates into confidence in the classroom.
• Adequate Preparation: Lesson planning is synonymous with preparation. It prompts teachers to thoroughly research and understand the content they are about to impart. This preparation enhances the overall quality of teaching.
• Creates Anticipatory Mode for Students: A well-structured lesson plan sparks curiosity and engagement in learners making them to anticipate what is going to be taught. Students are more likely to be actively involved in the learning process when they have a clear understanding of the lesson’s direction.
• Time Management: Efficient time management is a crucial aspect of effective teaching. Lesson plans assist teachers in allocating time wisely for each segment of the lesson, preventing overshooting or falling short of time. This ensures that all planned activities are executed within the allocated timeframe.
• Avoids Repetition: Through careful planning, teachers can avoid unnecessary repetition in their teaching.
• Evaluation: Lesson plans serve as a valuable tool for assessing the effectiveness of teaching methods. They enable teachers to reflect on what worked well and what could be improved, fostering continuous professional development.

Key Components of a Lesson Plan

There are different Types of Lesson Plan , various formats and structure, and that is great. However, no matter the type, style or format adopted, every lesson plan should some basic components.

Below are the key components that make a lesson plan effective and impactful.

1. Learning Objectives

The learning objectives is the most important component of the lesson plan. They define the reasons for the lesson and serve as a compass for the teaching and learning activities.

From the lesson plan objectives, one can easy tell what the students are going to learn during the lesson and how learning will be evaluated at the end of the lesson.

Your lesson objectives must be SMART – Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based.

Here are a few examples for Lesson Objectives for SS1 Physics for the topic “Motion in Nature”.

Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

• Define motion and its importance.
• Describe the types of motion, including translational, oscillatory, random, and rotational.
• Explain the concept of relative motion.

2. Subject Matter

The subject matter has to do with the specific topic to be taught and how it aligns with the National Curriculum. Hence it is not just about what to teach, but how to teach it to achieve learning objectives. It includes sources of information and reference materials such as textbooks, lesson notes, websites, or tools for enhancing teaching and learning.

3. Procedure

The procedure is the step-by-step details of how the teacher will deliver the lesson and achieve the stated lesson objectives. The procedure can be arranged in sequential steps or in a tabular form depending on the lesson plan format or style. The procedure includes teacher’s activities, learners’ activities, questions and answers geared towards achieving the learning objects.

4. Evaluation

Assessing student understanding is a pivotal aspect of effective teaching. From multiple-choice questions to formative tests, evaluation helps teachers gauge the effectiveness of their teaching methods and make necessary adjustments.

5. Assignment

The assignment component of Lesson Plan isn’t just about giving the students tasks to do. Assignments are designed to reinforce students’ learning. It includes focused specific questions and exercises that will help reinforce the students’ knowledge of the subject matter.

Types of Lesson Plan: Step Lesson Plan vs. Tabular Lesson Plan

(1) Step Lesson Plan

The Step Lesson Plan is a detailed guide for teachers, ensuring a logical and effective structure for their lessons. Each step serves a specific purpose, contributing to a comprehensive learning experience.

• Introduction: During the introduction, the teacher set the stage for the lesson by introducing the topic and then go ahead to provide background information, and states the learning objectives so as to create anticipation in the students.
• Warm-up: After creating anticipation in students during the lesson introduction, next is to engage the students in short activity or exercise such as game or an interactive session or a quick review of previous lesson, so as to arose their interest and prepare them for learning.
• Presentation: This is the stage where the teacher impart the learners with new information or concepts. Presentation is the heart of the teaching and learning process, and can be achieved using any instructional method such as demonstrations, discussion, storytelling, technology-based or the use of multimedia to pass new information across to the learners.
• Practice: Practice time is set aside to engage the students in applying what they have learnt through individual or group activities and exercises.
• Review: This is a brief recapitulation of the main points covered in the lesson to ensure understanding.
• Conclusion: The final stage where the teacher reviews learning objectives, highlights key takeaways, and may preview the next lesson or assign classwork.

Layout of Step Lesson Plan

(2) Tabular Lesson Plan

The Tabular Lesson Plan offers an organized table format for teachers, streamlining information for efficient lesson delivery. It includes the following elements:

• Subject/Topic of the Lesson: Clearly stating the main subject or topic of the lesson.
• Objectives or Learning Outcomes: Specifying the desired outcomes the lesson aims to achieve.
• Materials or Resources: Listing the instructional materials or resources needed for the lesson.
• Anticipated Problems: Identifying potential challenges and outlining solutions in advance.
• Teaching Strategies: Describing the approaches or methods the teacher will use during the lesson.
• Assessments or Evaluations: Outlining the methods used to assess or evaluate student understanding.
• Time Allocation: Defining the time allocated for each activity or task to ensure efficient use of class time.

 Layout of Tabular Lesson Plan

NUMBER OF LEARNERS IN ATTENDANCE:

AVERAGE AGE:

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES:

PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE:

LEARNING MATERIALS:

REFERENCE MATERIALS:

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Where to Buy and Sell Lesson Plans in Nigeria

I will share a sample each of Step and Tabular Lesson Plan layout with you, but before then, let me introduce you to TermlyPlan. TermlyPlan.com is an online marketplace where teachers and educators like buy and sell lesson plans, question banks and other teaching resources. On the platform, you will find different Types of Lesson Plan across all classes and subjects.

If you have been teaching for years and have your lesson plans in place, you can sell them on TermlyPlan.com and make good money. Or Perhaps you are new to teaching and are struggling with your lesson planning, we’ve got you covered. You can buy the lesson plan you need on TermlyPlan with ease and at an affordable price so you can meet your lesson planning goals and deadlines.

To Buy already-made fixed price Lesson Plans, “ Click Here ”.

However, if you are interested in registering as a seller and to make money selling your own lesson plans, then “ Click Here Now ”.

Alright, back to the article. Let me quickly share two lesson plan samples with you, one for Step Lesson Plan and one for Tabular Lesson Plan.

Samples of Step and Tabular Lesson Plans

(A) Example of Step Lesson Plan: Sample Step Lesson Plan on Family Conflict for JSS2 Home Economics.

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK TWO ENDING 22ND NOVEMBER, 2023

Click here to download the Lesson Plan sample above in pdf format

(B) Example of Tabular Lesson Plan: Sample Tabular Lesson Plan on Family Conflict for JSS2 Home Economics.

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK TWO ENDING 22 ND NOVEMBER, 2023

• SUBJECT: Home Economics
• THEME: Home Economics
• TOPIC: Family Conflict
• SUB-TOPIC: Understanding Causes and Resolving Issues
• DATE: 22nd November, 2023
• CLASS: JSS2
• NUMBER OF LEARNERS IN ATTENDANCE: 25
• AVERAGE AGE: 13 years
• BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

              Cognitive:

• define family conflict.
• identify situational causes of family conflict.
• discuss personality differences as contributors to family conflict.
• explain the concept of power struggles in the context of family conflicts.

              Affective:

• recognize the negative emotional impact of unresolved family conflicts.
• reflect on personal experiences related to family conflicts.
• value the importance of open communication in conflict resolution within the family.
• appreciate the significance of addressing conflicts to maintain healthy family relationships.

             Psychomotor:

• demonstrate effective communication skills during conflict resolution.
• engage in role-playing activities to simulate conflict resolution scenarios.
• apply negotiation and compromise techniques in resolving conflicts.
• exhibit active listening skills when participating in discussions about family conflicts.
• RATIONALE (Why am I teaching the lesson? Why do students need to learn it): (1) To empower learners to comprehend the concept of family conflict, fostering a clear understanding of what constitutes conflicts within the family dynamic. (2) To equip learners with the awareness of the detrimental consequences of unresolved family conflicts, emphasizing the importance of addressing and resolving issues promptly. (3) Recognizing that there are intricate aspects to family relationships and conflicts that learners may not fully grasp, this step encourages students to explore the complexities of their own thoughts and emotions, fostering self-awareness and facilitating effective conflict resolution within the family unit.
• PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: Basic understanding of family relationships.
• LEARNING MATERIALS: Pictures of people engaging in conflict resolution.
• REFERENCE MATERIALS: Home Economics for Junior Secondary Schools

Lesson Plan Formats: Types of Lesson Plan in Nigeria

Nigeria’s educational landscape boasts various lesson plan formats, each with its unique strengths. Let’s explore some widely used Types of Lesson Plan.

1. SMASE ASEI PDSI Lesson Plan Format

The SMASE ASEI (Activities, Students, Experiments, and Improvisation) PDSI lesson plan format is the current government-approved lesson plan format in Nigeria. This student-centered plan engages learners through activities, critical thinking, and teamwork. The ASEI lesson plan can be presented either in Step or Tabular style (See sample lesson plans above). ASEI lesson plan is based on PDSI practice (Plan, Do, See, Improve). Its advantages include holistic learning and the incorporation of different learning styles.

2. TKT Lesson Plan Format

The Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT) lesson plan format, offered by Cambridge Assessment English, has a basic structure that includes a title, aim, objectives, materials, anticipated problems and solutions, procedure, teaching and learning activities, differentiation, assessment, reflection. It is one of the oldest format of writing lesson plans in Nigeria. However, most school prefer the ASEI format to the TKT format of Lesson Plans.

3. ESSPIN Lesson Plan Format

The ESSPIN (Evaluating Student Skills and Progress in Information and Communication Technology) lesson plan format is a method used for assessing progress students in ICT. ESSPIN Lesson plan includes elements such as a descriptive title, specific and measurable objectives, necessary materials, an introduction, a detailed procedure, evaluation methods, and a conclusive summary.

4. ESL Lesson Plan Format

ESL lesson plan format is designed for teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) to learners. Elements of the lesson plan includes identifying goals, choosing suitable materials, creating an outline, planning for assessment, considering student needs, planning for interaction, and maintaining flexibility.

5. UNESCO Lesson Plan Format

Adaptable to various teaching contexts, UNESCO’s lesson plan format includes essential components like the title, objectives, time allocation, materials, introduction, body, conclusion, evaluation, follow-up, and reflection. Its flexibility makes it suitable for both face-to-face and online teaching.

Buy and Sell Lesson Plans, Question Banks and other Digital Teaching Resources on TermlyPlan.com

TermlyPlan.com is an online marketplace designed to cater to the needs of Nigerian teachers. It’s a platform powered by a community of educators like you. Buy and Sell different Types of Lesson Plans and Teaching Resources on TermlyPlan – Click Here to Get Started today.

There you have it, comprehensive article on the Types of Lesson Plan, Formats and Parts (with Samples). Let me know what you think about this piece in the comment section. I am open to your contributions, suggestions and questions.

PS: Putting Lesson Plans together is not an easy tasks and that is why we created TermlyPlan.com – an online marketplace for buying and selling lesson plans. You can easily order for any lesson plan you need and save yourself from the stress of trying to create one from scratch. Register on TermlyPlan today – it’s easy and completely FREE, “ Click Here ”.

ASEI Lesson Plans – A Comprehensive Guide

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The Will to Teach

Creating Effective Lesson Plans: A Guide for Teachers

Lesson planning is the cornerstone of effective teaching, guiding educators in orchestrating engaging and purposeful student learning experiences. This article explores the art of crafting robust lesson plans, delving into why they are essential, strategies for different career stages, and examples that cater to novice and experienced teachers.

The Importance of Lesson Plans

Beginner level:, intermediate level:, experienced level:, new teacher, experienced teacher, frequently asked questions about lesson planning.

Lesson plans serve as a compass that guides teachers in delivering organized and meaningful instruction. They ensure that essential skills, learning objectives , and curriculum components are covered. Moreover, well-structured lesson plans make it seamless for relief teachers to take over the classroom if needed, maintaining instructional continuity.

Strategies for Crafting Lesson Plans

• Clear Objectives: Set specific learning objectives that align with curriculum goals. Identify what you want students to know, understand, and be able to do by the end of the lesson.
• Structured Format: Use a consistent format with sections like objectives, materials, introduction, activities, assessment, and closure.
• Engagement Strategies : Incorporate diverse instructional strategies to engage different learning styles, such as group discussions, visual aids, or hands-on activities.
• Differentiation: Tailor activities to cater to diverse student needs . Include extension tasks for advanced learners and additional support for struggling students.
• Assessment Strategies: Integrate formative assessments throughout the lesson to gauge student understanding. This can be quizzes, discussions, or group work.
• Technology Integration: Integrate technology tools that enhance learning experiences, such as interactive simulations or digital resources.
• Real-world Application: Design activities that relate to real-life scenarios, connecting classroom learning to practical situations.
• Student-Centered Approach: Foster student agency by incorporating opportunities for self-directed exploration and inquiry-based learning.
• Reflection and Adaptation: Incorporate a section for post-lesson reflection, where you analyze what went well and identify areas for improvement in future lessons.

Lesson Plan Examples

• Objective: Introduce students to basic fractions.
• Materials: Fraction manipulatives, whiteboard, markers.
• Introduction: Engage students with a relatable scenario involving pizza slices.
• Activities: Group work using fraction manipulatives to practice adding and subtracting fractions.
• Assessment: Quick quiz at the end of the class.
• Closure: Review key concepts and provide a preview of the next lesson.
• Objective: Analyze the impact of historical events on society.
• Materials: Primary source documents, multimedia resources.
• Introduction: Pose a thought-provoking question related to historical events.
• Activities: Small group discussions analyzing primary sources and creating presentations.
• Assessment: Peer review of presentations and individual reflections.
• Closure: Facilitate a class discussion on the broader implications of historical events.

Effective lesson planning is an art that evolves with experience. It ensures that teaching is purposeful, engaging, and aligned with educational goals. By tailoring lesson plans to your career stage and employing strategies that promote student engagement and understanding, educators can create impactful learning experiences that empower their students to succeed.

• Why is lesson planning important for teachers? Lesson planning provides a roadmap for teachers to organize their instruction, ensuring that learning objectives are met, curriculum requirements are covered, and students are engaged. It also facilitates smooth classroom management and allows for effective assessment of student progress.
• What should a well-structured lesson plan include? A comprehensive lesson plan typically includes clear learning objectives, a list of materials needed, an engaging introduction, interactive activities, assessment strategies, and a meaningful closure.
• How can lesson plans benefit substitute teachers? Well-crafted lesson plans make it easier for substitute teachers to seamlessly step into your role. Clear instructions, organized activities, and outlined objectives help substitute teachers maintain the learning flow in your absence.
• How can I make my lesson plans more engaging for students? Incorporate diverse instructional strategies, interactive activities, technology tools, and real-world applications to cater to various learning styles and make lessons more engaging.
• How can I ensure that students act on the feedback I provide? Encourage student self-assessment and reflection. Set specific goals for improvement based on your feedback, and revisit those goals periodically. Provide ongoing support and praise for their progress.
• Why should I share lesson plans with parents? Sharing lesson plans with parents fosters transparency and opens channels for meaningful conversations about their child’s learning. It helps parents understand the curriculum, learning objectives, and ways they can support their child at home.
• What is reflective teaching, and why is it important? Reflective teaching involves self-assessment and critical analysis of your instructional practices. It helps you identify strengths, areas for improvement, and adapt your teaching methods to better meet students’ needs.
• How can I make my reflections on teaching meaningful and regular? Set aside dedicated time for reflection, either daily or weekly. Use a journal or digital platform to record observations, successes, challenges, and strategies. Consider seeking feedback from peers or mentors to gain different perspectives.
• How can I effectively incorporate technology into my lesson plans? Integrate technology tools that enhance learning experiences, such as interactive simulations, multimedia presentations, and online resources. Ensure that technology supports the learning objectives and engages students.
• Can I use the same lesson plan format throughout my teaching career? While your basic lesson plan structure might remain consistent, adapting and refining your approach based on your experience and changing classroom needs is essential for continuous improvement.

Remember, lesson planning is an evolving process that grows with your teaching journey. By staying open to experimentation and incorporating feedback from both students and colleagues, you can refine your lesson planning skills and provide enriching educational experiences for your students.

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Lesson Planning

What is a lesson plan.

A lesson plan is the instructor’s road map of what students need to learn and how it will be done effectively during the class time. Then, you can design appropriate learning activities and develop strategies to obtain feedback on student learning. Having a carefully constructed lesson plan for each 3-hour lesson allows you to enter the classroom with more confidence and maximizes your chance of having a meaningful learning experience with your students.

A successful lesson plan addresses and integrates three key components:

• Learning Objectives
• Learning activities
• Assessment to check for student understanding

Before Class: Steps for preparing a lesson plan

Listed below are 6 steps for preparing your lesson plan before your class.

1. Identify the learning objectives

Before you plan your lesson, you will first need to identify the learning objectives for the lesson. A learning objective describes what the learner will know or be able to do after the learning experience rather than what the learner will be exposed to during the instruction (i.e. topics). Typically, it is written in a language that is easily understood by students and clearly related to the program learning outcomes. The table below contains the characteristics of clear learning objectives:

The Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy of Educational Objectives ( link ) is a useful resource for crafting learning objectives that are demonstrable and measurable.

2. Plan the specific learning activities

When planning learning activities you should consider the types of activities students will need to engage in, in order to develop the skills and knowledge required to demonstrate effective learning in the course. Learning activities should be directly related to the learning objectives of the course, and provide experiences that will enable students to engage in, practice, and gain feedback on specific progress towards those objectives.

As you plan your learning activities, estimate how much time you will spend on each. Build in time for extended explanation or discussion, but also be prepared to move on quickly to different applications or problems, and to identify strategies that check for understanding. Some questions to think about as you design the learning activities you will use are:

• What will I do to explain the topic?
• What will I do to illustrate the topic in a different way?
• How can I engage students in the topic?
• What are some relevant real-life examples, analogies, or situations that can help students understand the topic?
• What will students need to do to help them understand the topic better?

Many activities can be used to engage learners. The activity types (i.e. what the student is doing) and their examples provided below are by no means an exhaustive list, but will help you in thinking through how best to design and deliver high impact learning experiences for your students in a typical lesson.

It is important that each learning activity in the lesson must be (1) aligned to the lesson’s learning objectives, (2) meaningfully engage students in active, constructive, authentic, and collaborative ways, and (3) useful where the student is able to take what they have learnt from engaging with the activity and use it in another context, or for another purpose.

3. Plan to assess student understanding

Assessments (e.g., tests, papers, problem sets, performances) provide opportunities for students to demonstrate and practice the knowledge and skills articulated in the learning objectives, and for instructors to offer targeted feedback that can guide further learning.

Planning for assessment allows you to find out whether your students are learning. It involves making decisions about:

• Examples of different assessments
• Formative and/or summative
• Self-assessment
• Peer assessment
• Information about how various tasks are to be weighted and combined into an overall grade must be provided to students.
• Giving feedback to students on how to improve their learning, as well as giving feedback to instructors how to refine their teaching.

To learn more about designing assessment, click here .

4. Plan to sequence the lesson in an engaging and meaningful manner

Robert Gagne proposed a nine-step process called the events of instruction, which is useful for planning the sequence of your lesson. Using Gagne’s 9 events in conjunction with Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy of Educational Objectives ( link ) aids in designing engaging and meaningful instruction.

Gange's Nine Events of Instruction by CourseArc is licensed under CC BY 4.0.

• Present a story or a problem to be solved.
• Utilize ice breaker activities, current news and events, case studies, YouTube videos, and so on. The objective is to quickly grab student attention and interest in the topic.
• Utilize technologies such as clickers, and surveys to ask leading questions prior to lecture, survey opinion, or gain a response to a controversial question.
• Include learning objectives in lecture slides, the syllabus, and in instructions for activities, projects and papers.
• Describe required performance.
• Describe criteria for standard performance.
• Help students make sense of new information by relating it to something they already know or something they have already experienced.
• Recall events from previous lecture, integrate results of activities into the current topic, and/or relate previous information to the current topic.
• Ask students about their understanding of previous concepts.
• Sequence and chunk the information to avoid cognitive overload.
• Blend the information to aid in information recall.
• Bloom's Revised Taxonomy can be used to help sequence the lesson by helping you chunk them into levels of difficulty.
• Provide instructional support as needed – as scaffolds (cues, hints, prompts) which can be removed after the student learns the task or content.
• Model varied learning strategies – mnemonics, concept mapping, role playing, visualizing.
• Use examples and non-examples.

To find out more about scaffolding student learning, click here.

• Allow students to apply knowledge in group or individual activities.
• Ask deep-learning questions, make reference to what students already know or have students collaborate with their peers.
• Ask students to recite, revisit, or reiterate information they have learned.
• Facilitate student elaborations – ask students to elaborate or explain details and provide more complexity to their responses.
• Consider using group / class level feedback (highlighting common errors, give examples or models of target performance, show students what you do not want).
• Consider implementing peer feedback.
• Require students to specify how they used feedback in subsequent works.
• Utilise a variety of assessment methods including exams/quizzes, written assignments, projects, and so on.
• Provide opportunities for students to relate course work to their personal experiences.
• Provide additional practice.

5. Create a realistic timeline

A list of ten learning objectives is not realistic, so narrow down your list to the two or three key concepts, ideas, or skills you want students to learn in the lesson. Your list of prioritized learning objectives will help you make decisions on the spot and adjust your lesson plan as needed. Here are some strategies for creating a realistic timeline:

• Estimate how much time each of the activities will take, then plan some extra time for each.
• When you prepare your lesson plan, next to each activity indicate how much time you expect it will take.
• Plan a few minutes at the end of class to answer any remaining questions and to sum up key points.
• Plan an extra activity or discussion question in case you have time left.
• Be flexible – be ready to adjust your lesson plan to students’ needs and focus on what seems to be more productive rather than sticking to your original plan.

6. Plan for a lesson closure

Lesson closure provides an opportunity to solidify student learning. Lesson closure is useful for both instructors and students.

You can use closure to:

• Check for student understanding and inform subsequent instruction (adjust your teaching accordingly)
• Emphasise key information
• Tie up loose ends
• Correct students’ misunderstandings
• Preview upcoming topics

Your students will find your closure helpful for:

• Summarizing, reviewing, and demonstrating their understanding of major points
• Consolidating and internalising key information
• Linking lesson ideas to a conceptual framework and/or previously-learned knowledge
• Transferring ideas to new situations

There are several ways in which you can put a closure to the lesson:

• State the main points yourself (“Today we talked about…”)
• Ask a student to help you summarize them
• Ask all students to write down on a piece of paper what they think were the main points of the lesson

During the class: Presenting your lesson plan

Letting your students know what they will be learning and doing in class will help keep them more engaged and on track. Providing a meaningful organisation of the class time can help students not only remember better, but also follow your presentation and understand the rationale behind the planned learning activities. You can share your lesson plan by writing a brief agenda on the whiteboard or telling students explicitly what they will be learning and doing in class. Click on link here for tips and techniques to facilitate an interactive lesson.

After the class: Reflecting on your lesson plan

Take a few minutes after each class to reflect on what worked well and why, and what you could have done differently. Identifying successful and less successful organization of class time and activities would make it easier to adjust to the contingencies of the classroom. If needed, revise the lesson plan.

Bibliography

• Ambrose, S., Bridges, M., Lovett, M., DiPietro, M., & Norman, M. (2010). How learning works: 7 research-based principles for smart teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
• EDUCAUSE (2005). Potential Learning Activities. Retrieved April 7 2017, from EDUCAUSE website: https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/NLI0547B.pdf .
• Fink, D. L. (2005). Integrated course design. Manhattan, KS: The IDEA Center. Retrieved from http://ideaedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Idea_Paper_42.pdf .
• Gagne, R. M., Wager, W.W., Golas, K. C. & Keller, J. M (2005). Principles of Instructional Design (5th edition). California: Wadsworth.
• Gredler, M. E. (2004). Games and simulations and their relationships to learning. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (2nd ed., pp. 571-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Richardson, J.C., & Swan. K. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students' perceived learning and satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 7(1), 68-88.
• Schuell, T.J. (1986). Cognitive conceptions of learning. Review of Educational Research, 56, 411-436.

• GenAI Features

How to develop an effective lesson plan

Developing an effective lesson plan is a fundamental skill for teachers, serving as a compass guiding the teaching journey. In education, where structure meets creativity, a well-thought-out lesson plan is the key to unlocking meaningful learning experiences. This blog explores the art and science of creating lesson plans that transcend the ordinary, offering a roadmap for teachers to navigate the complexities of the classroom. From setting clear objectives to incorporating engaging activities and fostering adaptability, we delve into the essential elements that make lesson planning an art form. As we journey through the process, we'll uncover strategies for resource management, time allocation, and aligning assessments with instructional goals. Join us in exploring pedagogical craftsmanship, where the blueprint for effective teaching unfolds, providing educators with the tools to inspire and empower their students. Whether you're a seasoned educator or just starting your teaching adventure, this blog is your guide to mastering the intricacies of crafting lesson plans that resonate with learners and elevate the teaching experience. Want to find the easiest way to create a lesson plan for any lesson in your curriculum? Click here and start using g BrightClass.

1. Lesson Title

The lesson title serves as a concise overview of the topic or concept. It should be clear and engaging and indicate the lesson's content. A well-crafted title captures students' attention and provides a framework for the lesson's purpose.

2. Learning Objectives

Clearly defined learning objectives articulate what students are expected to know, understand, or be able to do by the end of the lesson. These objectives should employ measurable verbs, such as "analyse," "evaluate," or "solve," ensuring that educators can assess students' mastery of the material. Well-formulated learning objectives guide instructional design and help focus on the essential aspects of the lesson.

3. Materials

Listing necessary materials is crucial for effective lesson implementation. This includes textbooks, handouts, technology tools, and other activity resources. Materials should align with the learning objectives, support diverse learning styles, and cater to the overall engagement of students. Adequate preparation of materials ensures a smooth lesson flow and minimizes disruptions.

4. Introduction

Developing an effective lesson plan hinges on a well-structured introduction that sets the tone for the entire session. The initial 5-10 minutes are critical in engaging students and establishing clear learning objectives.

Engagement:

To captivate students from the outset, employ diverse engagement strategies. Real-world examples, thought-provoking questions, or interactive demonstrations immediately connect the lesson and students' everyday experiences. By tapping into their curiosity and sparking interest, educators lay the groundwork for an attentive and receptive learning environment.

Objectives:

Clearly articulating learning objectives is essential for providing students with a roadmap for the lesson. These objectives should be succinct, specific, and measurable, conveying precisely what students are expected to achieve. By transparently communicating the lesson's goals, educators provide a sense of purpose, enabling students to understand the relevance of the content. This clarity focuses students' attention and facilitates self-assessment as they progress through the lesson.

5. Main Activities

Developing the main activities segment of an effective lesson plan requires meticulous planning and a commitment to diverse instructional strategies.

Detailed Procedures:

Within the 30-40 minute timeframe, provide a detailed, step-by-step breakdown of the main activities. This involves clear instructions for each lesson segment, ensuring seamless transitions between activities. Educators facilitate understanding and maintain a structured learning environment by breaking down complex concepts into manageable chunks.

Varied Activities:

To cater to students' diverse learning styles, incorporate various teaching methods. Utilize hands-on activities, group work, class discussions, and technology-based tools. This variety caters to different preferences and ensures the lesson remains dynamic and engaging. Educators enhance comprehension and retention by appealing to multiple senses and learning modalities.

Differentiation:

Recognizing and accommodating diverse learning needs is paramount. Differentiation involves supporting struggling learners and offering extension activities for those who grasp concepts quickly. Scaffolding, additional resources, and targeted interventions create an inclusive environment where students can succeed at their own pace. This proactive approach acknowledges the individuality of learners and promotes an equitable learning experience.

6. Closure:

Developing an effective closure for a lesson plan is vital in consolidating learning and ensuring that students leave with a clear understanding of the key concepts.

In the final 5-10 minutes, a concise review of the key points and concepts reinforces the learning objectives. By summarizing the main ideas, educators help solidify the information in students' minds. This reflective process aids in connecting the dots between various components of the lesson, promoting a holistic understanding.

Assessment:

To gauge student comprehension, incorporate a brief assessment during the closure phase. Exit tickets, quick quizzes, or informal questioning provide valuable insights into whether the learning objectives have been met. This immediate feedback informs educators and students about the effectiveness of the lesson, allowing for adjustments in future instruction.

Assigning relevant homework that aligns with the lesson's content ensures continuity beyond the classroom. Reading is a valuable reinforcement tool, allowing students to practice and apply newly acquired knowledge. Carefully crafted homework assignments should be manageable, purposeful, and directly linked to the learning objectives, extending the learning experience beyond the classroom walls.

Wrapping Up

Effective lesson plans are a nuanced blend of pedagogical artistry and strategic planning. This blog has illuminated the crucial elements essential for creating impactful lessons. The lesson title acts as a beacon, offering clarity and purpose, while precise learning objectives serve as a guiding roadmap for educators and students. Materials thoughtfully chosen and aligned with objectives are pivotal in facilitating engagement. The structured introduction engages students and communicates goals transparently, setting the stage for learning. The main activities segment emphasises meticulous planning, varied instructional strategies, and differentiation to meet diverse learning needs. This approach ensures an inclusive learning environment. The closure phase solidifies key concepts, assesses understanding, and extends learning through purposeful homework assignments. By implementing these strategies, educators navigate the complexities of the classroom, fostering an environment where meaningful learning experiences inspire and empower both teachers and students. This blog serves as a concise yet comprehensive guide for educators, regardless of their experience level, in creating lesson plans that make a lasting impact.

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Curriculum Development | Lesson Plans | Classroom Planning

What Is a Lesson Plan and How Do You Make One?

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March 28th, 2024 | 9 min. read

Brad Hummel

Coming from a family of educators, Brad knows both the joys and challenges of teaching well. Through his own teaching background, he’s experienced both firsthand. As a writer for iCEV, Brad’s goal is to help teachers empower their students by listening to educators’ concerns and creating content that answers their most pressing questions about career and technical education.

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A lesson plan is a teacher’s daily guide for what students need to learn, how it will be taught, and how learning will be measured.

Lesson plans help teachers be more effective in the classroom by providing a detailed outline to follow each class period.

This ensures every bit of class time is spent teaching new concepts and having meaningful discussions — not figuring it out on the fly!

The most effective lesson plans have six key parts:

• Lesson Objectives
• Related Requirements
• Lesson Materials
• Lesson Procedure
• Assessment Method
• Lesson Reflection

Because each part of a lesson plan plays a role in the learning experience of your students, it’s important to approach them with a clear plan in mind.

Let’s start with the first part of every lesson plan—the lesson objectives!

1. Lesson Objectives

Lesson objectives list what students will be able to do after completing the lesson.

These objectives let you easily tell if your lesson has effectively taught your students new concepts and skills.

It can feel overwhelming to pin down specific takeaways for a lesson. But when you break the process into steps, you can make lesson planning simple and effective.

First, it’s best to view your lesson objectives as goals for your class and students.

One of the most popular goal-setting strategies is the  “SMART” criteria ,  which ensures goals are focused.

In the context of lesson planning, you can use the SMART criteria to determine your lesson objectives:

• Is the objective  specific ?
• Is the objective  measurable ?
• Is the objective  attainable  by all students?
• Is the objective  relevant  to your class and students?
• Is the objective  time-based to align with your syllabus?

For each objective, it’s important to start with an action that relates to what students should be able to do after the lesson. Depending on what topic you’re teaching and the level of knowledge your students have, these actions will vary.

For example, when teaching brand new concepts, you may define actions like  define, identify, explain , and  determine . However, if your lesson involves more advanced tasks, the objectives may include actions like  create, use, perform , or  measure .

To see these phrases in context, let’s look at examples that a computer teacher might choose when teaching Microsoft Word .

For an introductory lesson about Microsoft Word, objectives could be:

• Identify parts of the ribbon menu
• Determine methods of selecting text in a document
• Define fonts and font styles

In a more advanced class, objectives might include:

• Insert a document header
• Use document themes
• Add a page border

When creating your lesson objectives, keep in mind that it’s easier to measure student success when you have specific goals.

Once you’ve put your lesson objectives together, it’s time to tie them in with the next part of your lesson plan—the related requirements!

2. Related Requirements

Related requirements are  national, state, or school standards  that dictate what you need to teach in a class.

If you teach a CTE course you likely need to tie your lessons to  certification requirements  as well.

Every lesson you teach should help you hit those requirements. Listing them in your lesson plans helps you satisfy those requirements while focusing on the end goal of your class!

On top of that, some administrators require teachers to distinctly show how they will teach course standards in each lesson. If you put them on your lesson plans, you’ve got a quick reference to prove you’re on the ball!

When listing course standards or certification items on your lesson plan, it’s smart to use the exact organizational system found on your standards to make sure your class aligns.

If you don’t have the specific outline for your course standards, ask another teacher or your administrator where you can find them.

To get detailed certification requirements, check the certification provider’s website for an exam outline or test plan.

Laying out each lesson plan according to your requirements can be tedious work, but it will ultimately help you stay organized and aligned with what you’re supposed to teach!

3. Lesson Materials

The third section on your lesson plan is the list of materials that you need to teach the lesson and measure student outcomes.

This section prepares you to deliver your lessons every day. Without this list, you may accidentally forget to print an important document or sign out the shared laptop cart!

Common types of lesson materials include:

• Student handouts
• Visual aids
• Grading rubrics
• Activity packets
• Computers / Tablets

The list of materials for each lesson depends on what you plan to teach, how you’ll teach it, and how you’ll measure lesson objectives.

Because of this, many teachers compile their list of lesson materials in tandem with their lesson procedure!

4. Lesson Procedure

Your lesson procedure is an in-depth explanation of how the lesson will progress in the classroom.

The lesson procedure is essentially step-by-step instructions that walk you through everything from the time students enter the classroom until the bell rings at the end of the period.

It’s smart to be very detailed in this portion of your lesson plan. After all, there will be cases when another teacher or substitute needs to fill in for you!

When writing your lesson procedure, you need to choose the type of activities that will help students meet the lesson objectives.

To do that, you can answer a list of questions, including:

• How will you introduce the topic?
• What’s the best way to teach this information to your students?
• How can you incorporate problem solving and critical thinking?
• What real-life scenarios relate to this topic?
• Does this topic lend itself to group work?

It’s also a great idea to find out how other teachers address the topics in the classroom . You can do this by talking to coworkers, joining an online community, or searching for lesson ideas on educational blogs.

After writing out a rough draft of your lesson procedure, many teachers outline it according to a specific teaching strategy.

As an example, you might consider planning what exercise students will complete when they enter the class, how they'll proceed in learning the main content of the class period, and how you'll encourage students to reflect on what they've learned. You'll also want to plan how you'll reinforce learning at the end of class and in future class periods.

To accomplish these lessons, teachers use a variety of methods , from lectures to multimedia presentations, as well as both individual and group activities. Which methods you'll want to use will often vary depending on the type of material your teaching, the amount of time you have to cover it, and the particular knowledge and skills you want to emphasize in accordance with your standards.

Finally, you'll want to gauge if your students have achieved the lesson objectives through formative and summative assessments.

5. Assessment Method

The assessment method measures whether your students learned a lesson’s information and met your lesson objectives.

The methods listed on your lesson plan will most often be  formative assessments and vary from lesson to lesson.  To start, there are dozens of ways to measure student learning through formative assessments.

Some of the most common assessment options include:

• Hands-on activities
• Writing assignments
• Group presentations
• Class journal entries

In addition, your assessment method may be an in-class assignment or homework for students to complete prior to the next class.

When choosing your assessment method, it’s important to incorporate your lesson objectives.

If an objective was related to understanding a concept, consider an assessment that requires students to explain that concept. If an objective was for students to demonstrate a skill, design an assessment to confirm they can do that skill.

Also, while many assessments receive grades in a class, formative assessments don’t always need to be graded!

Ultimately, the purpose of this assessment is to measure how well your students learned a lesson’s material based on the way you presented information. This measurement will help you wrap up each lesson plan with the lesson reflection.

6. Lesson Reflection

The lesson reflection portion of a lesson plan encourages teachers to take notes on how to improve a lesson after it has been completed.

By this point, your lesson has clear objectives, a plan for teaching, and a way to assess student learning. But if you don’t critically consider whether you succeeded, you’re doing a disservice to your future students!

When completing your lesson reflection, ask yourself questions like:

• Did a part of the lesson take longer than expected?
• Was there a portion that students asked for a lot of help with?
• Did students breeze through the information with no problem?
• Were students engaged and interested in the lesson?
• Were the objectives met by most (or all) of the students?

Essentially, you want to note any part of your lesson that didn’t go as expected.

In addition, it’s smart to record ideas for improvement or adjustments in this section as well. That way, when you go to teach your lessons in the future, you have all of the information for improvement in one place!

Lessons Are Just the Beginning

Lesson plans are the first steps in creating a full-fledged curriculum for a class.

They dig into the details that ensure you teach the right information to your students at the right time, and they simplify your career by giving you a roadmap to follow each and every day.

But what about the big picture? This is one of the hardest parts of teaching for educators throughout the world. It’s not just the individual lessons that need your attention — it’s the class as a whole!

To do that, you need to create a curriculum.

A curriculum covers everything you need to teach an entire class. More than just a bunch of lesson plans, a comprehensive curriculum serves as a roadmap for teaching your course and setting each student up for success.

So where do you start? When you read about how to make a curriculum, you'll discover the key elements that make all the difference when building a complete course that will confidently meet your instructional standards.

Read the article and start building your ideal curriculum now: 

Lesson Plan

A lesson plan is a teacher’s guide for facilitating a lesson. It typically includes the goal (what students need to learn), how the goal will be achieved (the method of delivery and procedure) and a way to measure how well the goal was reached (usually via homework assignments or testing). This plan is a teacher’s objectives for what students should accomplish and how they will learn the material. Here, a teacher must plan what they want to teach students, why a topic is being covered and decide how to deliver a lecture. Learning objectives, learning activities and assessments are all included in a lesson plan. No two lesson plans are the same. 

What does a lesson plan entail? The most effective lesson plans include the following components.

• Lesson objectives (what should students be able to do after a lesson?)
• Materials (what resources do students need to support their learning?)
• Learning activities (what activities must students complete to achieve the learning objectives?)
• Time requirements (how much time do students need to engage in a learning activity?)
• Related requirements (how does a lesson support national education standards?)
• Assessment (how will learning be measured?)
• Evaluation and reflection (how will you create a more successful lesson plan in the future?)

Where can I find lesson plan resources? There are several resources available to assist educators in building their lesson plans. Educators such as Jennifer Gonzalez—the innovator behind Cult of Pedagogy —have countless instructional resources that help design and deliver effective lessons. Institutions like Algonquin College in Ottawa also offer lesson plan templates and guidelines for writing a results-driven plan. Educational technology platforms including Top Hat provide free lesson plan templates to assist with organizing lectures around a set of learning outcomes. The platform also offers a backward design template that can help educators prepare lessons around an end goal or desired learning objective.

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Five Most Important Parts Of A Lesson Plan

How often do you have the feeling that you are entering a classroom without having a clear idea of what you are going to talk about for the entirety of the lesson? Nothing is slower than a classroom clock when you’ve got nothing else to say and the lesson needs to last for 20 more minutes.

In teaching, as in every other profession, preparation is key, and a solid lesson plan is the main tool you need to feel sure you’ll keep your class’ attention throughout the lesson.

The only way to prepare for the class and keep your students engaged and open to learning through the entirety of the lesson is to plan it properly. The question is, what should lesson plans include? We’ll go over every essential part of a lesson plan and show you how to write a lesson plan that will stop you from stressing over your classes.

Five Key Components of a Lesson Plan

Lesson plans are a teacher’s strongest tool and a way of ensuring that their lesson sticks to the intended trajectory—they help you plan exactly what you’re going to talk about, how you’re going to do it, and for how long. 

Thankfully, being a teacher no longer means going into a classroom, regurgitating textbook material you know by heart, and handing out tests every other week. You have much more freedom than that, and you should use it. Learning is important, and the best way to make your students gain new knowledge and implement new skills is to make learning fun .

This, of course, depends on the subject and the grade you’re teaching. Preschool lesson plans will focus on having fun and playing games much more than high school plans .

At the same time, you don’t have as much freedom when planning your math lessons as compared to art lesson plans.

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Make sure to use an appropriate lesson plan template that will guide you through the planning process and leave enough room for various lesson plan components. Still, regardless of the grade or subject you’re preparing for, every lesson plan should consist of:

• Lesson plan objective
• Assessment methods

Lesson Plan Objective

Think of each of these sections as answers to certain questions. A lesson plan objective should provide an answer to the question, “ What’s the point of this lesson? ”

An objective should be a single sentence that’s clear and concise and offers a specific goal you’re trying to achieve with your lesson. When writing an objective, use the S.M.A.R.T. formula, i.e., try and make your objective:

There’s no point to a lesson if you don’t have a specific goal in mind and you don’t know how to judge whether the goal has been achieved or not. Take a look at the following examples:

Lesson Materials

Lesson materials are a part of a lesson plan that consists of a list of various items that represent an answer to the question, “What will I need to carry out my lesson?”

Think of every single element that you’ll need for your class. There’s no worse feeling than getting a bunch of 1st graders excited about drawing only to figure out you didn’t bring any crayons.

Lesson materials can include:

• Googly eyes
• Letter blocks
• Game pieces
• Board games
• PowerPoint presentations

Learning Activities

Learning activities represent the element of a lesson plan where you answer the question, “ How will students achieve the lesson plan objective? ” You should try to be as creative as your curriculum , standards, and lesson topics allow you to be. Don’t make your lesson into a one-sided lecture—try to be interactive and let students engage with the material you present to them.

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The activities you use will depend on the grade and subject as well, but you should always strive to make your lessons playful. For instance, you can use the following activities:

• Play a crossword puzzle or Scrabble
• Draw your parents
• Build a bridge
• Get two students to play the optimist-pessimist game
• Play the think-pair-share game after reading an excerpt
• Play Bingo with simple math equations on the card
• Assign group projects about U.S. government branches

Assessment Methods

How will you judge whether you have achieved the lesson plan objective or not? By using appropriate assessment methods to gauge your students’ understanding of the lesson. 

You should plan how you’re going to evaluate whether students have gained new knowledge or learned a new skill to a satisfactory level. You can use good, old-fashioned tests, but you should try to diversify your methods and make your lessons less stressful for students.

Aside from a test, assessment methods include:

• Hands-on activities
• Writing assignments
• Group activities
• Individual and group assignments
• Presentations
• Class journal entries

Lesson Timeline

The last component of your lesson plan should provide an answer to the question, “ How are you going to use the allocated time ?”

Source: GIPHY

You should plan your schedule and make sure you leave enough space for every activity and assessment method you’ve listed. While your timeline should be detailed, make sure to leave some leeway as you can never know how much time some students will take to master new material.

One way to organize your lesson is to allocate time to the following sections:

• Get students’ attention
• Share the objective with students
• Recall prior learning
• Present new information
• Offer guidance
• Give feedback
• Assess students’ performance
• Enhance retention (i.e., let students apply the information to personal contexts)

Finding Ready-Made Lesson Plans Online

A lot goes into a lesson plan, and you need to be skillful and experienced in writing a lesson plan to make sure you don’t miss any important detail. Creating a lesson plan from scratch takes time and effort. Why do it by yourself if someone’s already done it for you?

You can find thousands of lesson plans online, both paid and free. The problem is, you can’t know which ones are good until you go through them thoroughly. Free lesson plans are worth as much as you pay for them, while paid lesson plans offer you only a small preview, and you have to pay the full price to download them.

You can end up spending hundreds of dollars on unusable lesson plans that don’t follow your curriculum, have vague objectives, and use repetitive and uninspiring learning activities.

The only way to avoid this is by finding a source of high-quality lesson plans and materials that doesn’t charge you per download.

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When you sign up for Teach Simple , you’ll be able to make unlimited downloads of all materials that catch your eye without any additional costs. You can use our marketplace to find lesson plans for 2nd graders , kindergarten , ESL students , and various subject-specific ones like biology , social studies , foreign languages , and geography .

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Creating Lesson Plans

There are many approaches to writing lesson plans. Some instructors develop their plans independently from scratch, while others borrow plans from a shared curriculum. Some carefully write out all the details for their lesson, while others use a brief outline. Your approach to writing lesson plans will depend on various factors: how well you know the material you're teaching, how long you've been teaching, the kinds of teaching you've done, and the students you expect to have in your class. There is no single formula for writing lesson plans, but this guide will help you think through some of the processes that other instructors have found valuable to their own lesson planning.

Guidelines for writing lesson plans:

Consider Your Destination

Sequence your objectives, know your time frame.

• Create Activities to Meet Your Objectives

Check for Understanding

Sample lesson plan format.

• Citation Information

When creating lesson plans, always keep your destination in mind. Where do you want students to end up? If you're planning daily activities, think about how these activities connect to the larger goals for the course. Ask yourself, how will each activity prepare students for the upcoming portfolio assignment? Assuming that your assignment sheets accurately reflect the course goals, use them at the beginning of each unit to determine:

• What is the overall goal for this assignment? What is the assignment asking students to do?
• What knowledge do students already have that will help them meet the goals for writing this assignment?
• What skills and concepts will students need to meet the goals for this assignment?

From these questions, create a list of smaller objectives to use as stepping stones for your destination. If you are planning writing assignments for student portfolios, your list of objectives may include:

Portfolio 1 - Objectives for Teaching Summary/Response

• Students will think about their purpose, audience and context for writing.
• Students will use critical thinking skills and critical reading strategies to become better writers.
• Students will practice writing academic summaries.
• Students will practice writing different types of response.
• Students will learn to develop a claim and support that claim with reasons and evidence.
• Students will learn to value revision through workshops and other peer review activities.

While sequencing your objectives, consider how each one builds off another. How might one objective prepare students for learning another? If reading critically helps students summarize an argument, you might address your critical reading objective before teaching summary.

Also, think about what your students know. Given the information they already have, which objectives would be best met at certain points in the unit? Will simpler objectives work better at the start of a unit? Will more complicated objectives make clearer sense to students after some basic objectives have already been met?

Finally, determine how your sequencing of objectives will best meet these goals and requirements for the upcoming assignment.

While sequencing your objectives, be aware of the amount of time allotted for each portfolio. Based on the overall goals for the portfolio, determine how much time you will need to spend addressing each objective. Keep in mind that a single lesson will address only one or two objectives. Some of these goals will be easily met, while others will present a challenge for students. You may decide to build in extra time to review concepts that are more challenging.

Try to be flexible, but remain within a reasonable time frame. Spending three days on one essay may be too much (even if students are thrilled by the subject matter). One strategy to help you keep up your pace, is to utilize outside resources such as the CSU Writing Center or online tutorials. The Writing at CSU home page contains plenty of online resources as well. Use these resources to compliment discussions and save you some time in class.

Below is an example for how you might organize your sequence and time frame for the first student portfolio:

Portfolio I - Sequence and Time Frame for Objectives:

• Students will begin to think about their purpose, audience and context for writing. (day 1)
• Students will use critical thinking skills and critical reading strategies to become better writers. (day 2)
• Students will practice writing academic summaries. (days 3 - 4)
• Students will practice writing different types of response. (days 5 - 6)
• Students will learn to develop a claim and support that claim with reasons and evidence. (day 7)
• Students will learn to value revision through workshops and other peer- review activities. (day 8)

Develop Activities to Meet Objectives

Once you've sequenced your objectives within a given time frame, the next step is to create activities that will help students meet each objective. Decide which activities are most relevant to your desired objectives. Take the time to revise existing activities and to create new ones that meet the needs of your class. You may also combine activities or eliminate some that seem less related to your objectives.

Two questions that you should always keep in mind when constructing activities are: "What do my students already know that will help them meet a desired objective?" And, "What activities will best help students meet a desired objective?"

Below is an example illustrating how you might design activities to meet a particular objective:

Objective: Students will use critical thinking skills and critical reading strategies to become better writers.

Activities:

• Define critical reading and provide a list of strategies on an overhead (this is useful because many students do not know what critical reading is).
• Model critical reading strategies (show students how to implement critical reading strategies).
• Have students practice critical reading strategies with their homework.
• Ask students to respond to an in class writing, describing their experience with the critical reading assignment. Have them speculate as to how this process of critical reading will influence their own writing. As a group, discuss the connection between reading and writing.

Just as you did with objectives, you'll need to create a sequence and time frame for your activities. Which activities should come first? How much class time will each activity take? Planning this out ahead of time will help you create smoother transitions between activities and it will help you connect your activities to larger, writing-related objectives.

The final step in planning lessons is to make time for assessing students' learning. How will you check to see that students understand the new concepts you're teaching? When will you revisit the material that they didn't quite grasp?

Intervention along the way can help you learn what students are struggling with. Many instructors collect homework once a week, or assign quizzes and short writing exercises to assess their students' progress. Conferences and e-mail exchanges are other effective means for gauging students' understanding.

Depending on what you learn from using evaluative measures, you may need to revise your lesson plans. If students' homework indicates that they're having trouble summarizing main points, you may spend the first fifteen minutes of the next class reviewing this concept. Addressing such struggles early on will help students face the more challenging objectives that follow.

Just as you did with objectives, you'll need to create a sequence and time frame for your activities. Which activities should come first? How much class time will each activity take? Planning this out ahead of time will help you create smoother transitions between activities, and help you connect your activities to larger, writing-related objectives.

Course: Date: Materials needed: Class Announcements:

• Class Objectives: Write out the goals or objectives for class. Try to limit these to one or two things.
• Connection to Course Goals: Describe how your daily objectives connect to the overall course goals.
• Anticipatory Set: Sometimes referred to as a "hook." Use an informal Writing to Learn (WTL) exercise, a question, a quote, or an object to focus students' attention at the start of class. This activity should be brief and directly related to the lesson.
• Introduction: Write down what you'll need to inform students of the daily goals and class procedures. Be sure to explain how these procedures relate to students' own writing.
• Procedures: List your activities, including any discussion questions and transitions along the way.
• Conclusion: Describe the objective for the lesson and point students forward by connecting your objective to their own writing.
• What to do Next Time: Leave space in your plan to reflect on the lesson and suggest future changes.

Also see the guide on Planning a Class for help with writing introductions, transitions, and conclusions.

Eglin, Kerry. (2008). Creating Lesson Plans. Writing@CSU . Colorado State University. https://writing.colostate.edu/teaching/guide.cfm?guideid=96

Writing a Lesson Plan: Objectives and Goals

• Lesson Plans
• Grading Students for Assessment
• Becoming A Teacher
• Assessments & Tests
• Elementary Education
• Special Education
• Homeschooling
• B.A., Sociology, University of California Los Angeles

Objectives, also known as goals, are the first step in writing a strong  lesson plan . This article includes descriptions of the objectives of lesson plans, how to write them, examples, and tips.

Goal-Writing Tips

Whenever possible, write clearly-defined and specific objectives (goals) that are easy to measure. That way, at the conclusion of your lesson, it will be relatively easy to determine if you met or missed your objectives, and by how much.

In the objectives section of your lesson plan, write precise and delineated goals for what you want your students to be able to accomplish after the lesson is completed. Here is an example: Let's say that you are writing a lesson plan on nutrition . For this unit plan, your objective for the lesson is for students to identify the food groups, learn about the food pyramid, and name a few examples of healthy and unhealthy foods. Your goals should be specific and use exact figures and phrasing whenever appropriate. This will help you quickly and easily determine if your students met the objectives or not after the lesson is over.

What to Ask Yourself

In order to define your lesson's objectives, consider asking yourself the following questions:

• What will students accomplish during this lesson?
• To what specific level (i.e. 75% accuracy) will students need to be able to perform a given task in order for them to be considered proficient and their progress satisfactory?
• Exactly how will the students show that they understood and learned the goals of your lesson (worksheet, oral, group work, presentation, illustration, etc)?

Additionally, you will want to make sure that the lesson's objectives align with district and state educational standards for your grade level. By thinking clearly and thoroughly about the goals of your lesson, you will ensure that you are making the most of your teaching time.

Here are a few examples of what an objective would look like in a lesson plan.

• After reading the book Life in the Rainforest , sharing a class discussion, and drawing plants and animals, students will be able to place six specific characteristics into a Venn diagram of the similarities and differences of plants and animals with 100% accuracy.
• While learning about nutrition, students will keep a food journal, create a balanced meal using the food pyramid or food plate, write a recipe for a healthy snack, and name all of the food groups and a few foods that correlate with them.
• While learning about the local government, the goal of this lesson is to have students identify the specific components of local government and be able to generate four to six sentences using local government facts and vocabulary.
• While students learn about the pattern of digestion, by the end of the lesson they will know how to physically point out areas of the digestive tract, as well as tell specific facts about how the food we eat can turn into the fuel that our bodies need.

After the objective, you will define the anticipatory set .

Edited by: Janelle Cox

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• Writing a Lesson Plan: Anticipatory Sets
• Write Lesson Plans
• Writing a Lesson Plan: Independent Practice
• Topics for a Lesson Plan Template
• Writing a Lesson Plan: Closure and Context
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Lecturing
• Lesson Plan Calendars
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Assignments

• by teachmint@wp

What is assignment in education? Assignment meaning is the tasks given to students by their teachers and tutors to complete in a defined time. They can also be referred to as the work given to someone as a part of learning. Assignments can be in the form of written, practical, art or fieldwork, or even online. Their purpose is to ensure that students understand the subject matter thoroughly.

Generally, students are assigned a task as a part of their homework. The allocation of assignments is not only restricted to a class or subject but this method can be applied at any stage of life. They are a great way to judge the ability and understanding of an individual towards a subject matter.

The culture of providing homework starts from kindergarten in various forms. Small children are asked to read and write what they learn in the class. Students in the higher class are given work as a part of their revision exercise and help them prepare for exams. Individuals doing honors write journals as a part of an assignment that determines their knowledge in that subject.

The structure of assignments depends upon the nature of the task and subject. They must be well-researched, including case studies or examples within a proper framework. These studies are useful for students to achieve the desired examination results. It also helps them to concentrate better on education. Knowing what is assignment in education helps teachers assess students better.

Importance of Assignments

Giving assignments to the students is a crucial part of student assessment. The importance of giving assignments to the students is discussed in detail below:

• Learning practical skills Assignments enable students to develop new skills. In order to complete the assignments, students learn new skills which help them in their academic careers. 
• Enhances time management skills Whenever assignments are allocated to the students, a time limit is set by teachers within which the assignment has to be submitted. What is assignment in education enable students to complete their tasks and learn timely submission of work. 
• Learning researching skills Students tend to do a lot of research about the questions given in the assignment. Assignment meaning is to help them develop their research skills and come in handy in their future careers. 
• Enhance the Writing Caliber Many students have a problem of not being able to put their thoughts into words. Writing assignments can help them develop writing skills and be expressive in real life as well. 

Since assignments are deadline-based, they help students take responsibility and manage time. The work assigned to students may be individual or group activities, or both, to develop teamwork in them. 

The above-mentioned information gives us a context of assignment meaning and its importance to the students. Assignments provide a basis for the student assessment and should be given timely.  

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Lesson Plan

What's in a name, view aligned standards, learning objectives.

Students will be able to write two explanatory paragraphs about their name.

Introduction

• Ask students: When you think about your name, what emotions do you feel (if any)? Why? Give students a minute of thinking time, then have some students share.
• Explain that today, students will be learning and sharing more about their names. They will first read a story about a girl whose name had a special meaning, but who experienced many different emotions about her name. Tell students that it is a story that they may be able to relate to in one way or another.

Related Guided Lesson

Informational Text 3