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Design of the Smart Objectives System in the Management of a Research Project

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First Online: 31 July 2021
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Gheorghe Duca 8

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies ((LNDECT,volume 79))

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Application of an efficient management system is a prerequisite for a smooth and efficient running of any activity. Whilst the world is rapidly evolving, the SMART objectives (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time) become essential for the management of research projects, human resources and personal development. This paper addresses the issue of management in science and discusses the implications of this approach at the micro-level, or the individual activity of the researchers. The following two situations are examined: management of the research process, carried out by the researcher, and management of a team that conducts the research. This study elucidates the strategy development of organization and monitoring of both the scientific and statistical results. The SMART management can take the strain off the project manager by enabling of permanent monitoring and gathering information for managerial reviews and external audits. It is proposed to design the science management system aligned to the financer’s policies and recommendations (government, foundations, business, etc.). Each research project has three key aspects: results, knowledge and impact, which are presented for the case of a scientific community within the Republic of Moldova. It should be noted that especially in the former Soviet countries, where the scientific communities are small and underfunded, the role of competition in research is exalted, and therefore, cooperation, strengthening and clustering of the research community becomes more important. Since the research management at the policy level has been pedaled over the competition, many fields and scientific schools, unfortunately, have been lost. The case study for the national research project RedoxPro implementation is given.

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Acknowledgements

The SMART approach reflected in this paper was applied for the management of the research project Nr. 20.80009.5007.27: “Physical-chemical mechanisms of the redox-processes with partial electron transfer in the vital, technological and environmental systems” (RedoxPro).

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Gheorghe Duca

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University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

Fausto Pedro García Márquez

World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy

Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan

Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova

Institute of Systems Control, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan

Asaf Hajiyev

Department of Industrial Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Fulya Altiparmak

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Duca, G. (2021). Design of the Smart Objectives System in the Management of a Research Project. In: Xu, J., García Márquez, F.P., Ali Hassan, M.H., Duca, G., Hajiyev, A., Altiparmak, F. (eds) Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management. ICMSEM 2021. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 79. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79206-0_34

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Being smart about writing SMART objectives

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1 University of North Dakota, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Center for Rural Health Evaluation, 250 Centennial Dr. Stop 8138, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8138, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].
2 University of North Dakota, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Center for Rural Health Evaluation, 250 Centennial Dr. Stop 8138, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8138, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 28056403
DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.12.009

This article challenges the conventional wisdom in mainstream evaluation regarding the process for developing specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives. The article notes several advantages of mainstreaming the SMART method including program capacity building and being able to independently monitor progress toward process and outcome objectives. It is argued the one size fits all approach for writing SMART objectives is misleading. The context in which the evaluation is conducted is a key deciding factor in how and when the SMART criteria should be applied. Without an appreciation of the evaluation context, mainstream users may be developing objectives that are far from smart. A case example is presented demonstrating a situation where a stepwise, rather than simultaneous application of the SMART criteria was necessary. Learning from this case, recommendations are forwarded for adjusting how SMART criteria should be presented in mainstream evaluation manuals/guides.

Keywords: Evaluation guidance; Mainstreaming; Objective development; SMART objectives.

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Why written objectives need to be really SMART

Published 12 July 2017
British Journal of Healthcare Management

59 Citations

Theoretical frameworks for project goal-setting: a qualitative case study of an organisational practice in nigeria., dmps as management tool for intellectual assets by smart-metrics, general concepts of goals and goal-setting in healthcare: a narrative review.

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Making Information Measurement Meaningful: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and the Social and Human Capital Protocol

Developing evaluation capacities in integrated care projects: lessons from a scientific support mission implemented in belgium, assessing audit outcomes of pre-determined objectives in a public institution (south africa), managerial blurring of employee goals, writing smart objectives for natural resource and environmental management, a comparison between the master of tesol program’s learning outcomes and the national framework of qualifications and the smart principles, redefining learning organisations for effective school leadership and management, 16 references, the unintended consequences of management by objectives: the volume growth target at volvo cars, overarching goals: a strategy for improving healthcare quality and safety, beyond smart a new framework for goal setting, objective setting in the micro‐business, time management part i: goal setting as a planning tool, writing smart rehabilitation goals and achieving goal attainment scaling: a practical guide, object/objective‐oriented maintenance management, new developments in goal setting and task performance., implementing a framework for goal setting in community based stroke rehabilitation: a process evaluation, total quality management in health care: a goal setting approach, related papers.

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Research Objectives | Definition & Examples

Research Objectives | Definition & Examples

Published on July 12, 2022 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on November 20, 2023.

Research objectives describe what your research is trying to achieve and explain why you are pursuing it. They summarize the approach and purpose of your project and help to focus your research.

Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement . They should:

Establish the scope and depth of your project
Contribute to your research design
Indicate how your project will contribute to existing knowledge

What is a research objective, why are research objectives important, how to write research aims and objectives, smart research objectives, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research objectives.

Research objectives describe what your research project intends to accomplish. They should guide every step of the research process , including how you collect data , build your argument , and develop your conclusions .

Your research objectives may evolve slightly as your research progresses, but they should always line up with the research carried out and the actual content of your paper.

Research aims

A distinction is often made between research objectives and research aims.

A research aim typically refers to a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear at the end of your problem statement, before your research objectives.

Your research objectives are more specific than your research aim and indicate the particular focus and approach of your project. Though you will only have one research aim, you will likely have several research objectives.

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Research objectives are important because they:

Establish the scope and depth of your project: This helps you avoid unnecessary research. It also means that your research methods and conclusions can easily be evaluated .
Contribute to your research design: When you know what your objectives are, you have a clearer idea of what methods are most appropriate for your research.
Indicate how your project will contribute to extant research: They allow you to display your knowledge of up-to-date research, employ or build on current research methods, and attempt to contribute to recent debates.

Once you’ve established a research problem you want to address, you need to decide how you will address it. This is where your research aim and objectives come in.

Step 1: Decide on a general aim

Your research aim should reflect your research problem and should be relatively broad.

Step 2: Decide on specific objectives

Break down your aim into a limited number of steps that will help you resolve your research problem. What specific aspects of the problem do you want to examine or understand?

Step 3: Formulate your aims and objectives

Once you’ve established your research aim and objectives, you need to explain them clearly and concisely to the reader.

You’ll lay out your aims and objectives at the end of your problem statement, which appears in your introduction. Frame them as clear declarative statements, and use appropriate verbs to accurately characterize the work that you will carry out.

The acronym “SMART” is commonly used in relation to research objectives. It states that your objectives should be:

Specific: Make sure your objectives aren’t overly vague. Your research needs to be clearly defined in order to get useful results.
Measurable: Know how you’ll measure whether your objectives have been achieved.
Achievable: Your objectives may be challenging, but they should be feasible. Make sure that relevant groundwork has been done on your topic or that relevant primary or secondary sources exist. Also ensure that you have access to relevant research facilities (labs, library resources , research databases , etc.).
Relevant: Make sure that they directly address the research problem you want to work on and that they contribute to the current state of research in your field.
Time-based: Set clear deadlines for objectives to ensure that the project stays on track.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

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Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Likert scales
Reproducibility

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Null hypothesis
Statistical power
Probability distribution
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Cognitive bias
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Research objectives describe what you intend your research project to accomplish.

They summarize the approach and purpose of the project and help to focus your research.

Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement .

Your research objectives indicate how you’ll try to address your research problem and should be specific:

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

Scope of research is determined at the beginning of your research process , prior to the data collection stage. Sometimes called “scope of study,” your scope delineates what will and will not be covered in your project. It helps you focus your work and your time, ensuring that you’ll be able to achieve your goals and outcomes.

Defining a scope can be very useful in any research project, from a research proposal to a thesis or dissertation . A scope is needed for all types of research: quantitative , qualitative , and mixed methods .

To define your scope of research, consider the following:

Budget constraints or any specifics of grant funding
Your proposed timeline and duration
Specifics about your population of study, your proposed sample size , and the research methodology you’ll pursue
Any inclusion and exclusion criteria
Any anticipated control , extraneous , or confounding variables that could bias your research if not accounted for properly.

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How to write Research objectives

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Management by Objectives - SMART Goals.pdf

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Zechariah Patterson

Management by objectives (MBO), designed in the mid-20th century, is an effective and commonly used strategy managers can use to achieve objectives more efficiently than they could without MBO, but it comes with responsibilities they must follow. MBO calls for strong leaders who are willing to discuss progress with their subordinates. Although MBO is usually associated with autocratic leadership because of the nature of MBO, democratic leaders can also apply MBO. Managers can use it in societal responsibility and in corporate social responsibility to meet the needs of the stakeholders and society at large. MBO can also spark motivation, and incentives are necessary for MBO to be effective. It encourages use of SMART and SMARTER goals, as they help organizations meet their objectives effectively. Although MBO can be used for specific goals, it is a general management paradigm, commonly associated with strategic managers and can facilitate the difficulties present in strategic management. Finally, it helps with total quality management (TQM) and new public management (NPM).

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Goals and objectives that are well-chosen guide a fledgling firm on the correct path and keep an established business up and running. Business objectives are an important element of creating priorities and positioning your firm for long-term success. Setting company goals and developing separate targets to assist you to achieve each goal will substantially improve your capacity to attain those goals. Here, we look at the concept of a business goal, the distinction between a business goal and an objective, as well as some recommendations and examples of short and long-term company goals. Goals define where you want to go and when you want to get there. They may help you enhance your company's overall performance, whether you want to gain market share or enhance customer service, for example. The more precisely you describe your objectives, the more likely you are to follow through and achieve what you set out to do in the first place. The exact measures you and your organization must take in order to accomplish each of your goals are known as objectives. They spell out exactly what you must do and when you must do it.

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This review paper presents the second half of the 20th century research of Management by objectives (MBO) approach. The relevant research is spanning over the last five decades and an approach to position representative common characteristics of this wide spectrum of studies, is implemented through their grouping into 15 main areas of application. The presented studies were analyzed, revealing the favourable areas of application by using the MBO approach. Among 82 literature survey, it is found that the main area of MBO application is in the medical sector. The four main medical sub-groupings of healthcare, that is, healthcare, nursing, hospital management and hospital pharmacy account for 40% of the total references. The paper also denotes determining factors of potential MBO malfunction, such as the observing distortion between MBO introductory structure and its function in real business environments, which are proved detrimental to their operation.

mengtian zhang

Appropriate management methods are thought highly of, because they are directly related to a company's success or failure, so an efficient management strategy is needed. Management by objectives (MBO) was put forward by Drucker in 1954, which owns a significant influence on management. The MBO progress, according to Levinson(2003), aims at motivating employees by letting them set their own objectives and tries to ensure a fair judgement on performance. There are many reasons that can explain the necessity of objectives setting. Operational objectives have the capacity for changing abstract assignment into specific work demands (Drucker, 1976). Currently, this method is still popular but controversial. Although the majority of people regard MBO as a useful tool, the truth is that only when its several segments improved can MBO help a company. Now, however, MBO is still helpless to a company. This essay will evaluate the shortages of applying MBO in the company context, which are in objective setting, communication in companies and the process of implementing. It is claimed that MBO can be practical and widely used, especially in companies (Drucker, 1976). Generally, MBO owns several advantages, for example, it can be beneficial to enhancing the morale in an organization and through MBO, the evaluation of individual's performance will be more equitable and it can also highlight individuals' weakness for their further development (Management Study HQ, 2016). This is the reason why company managers are willing to apply MBO. Furthermore, according to Management Study HQ (2016), although the components of the MBO system are incomplete, however, once its function can cooperate with other systems such as budgeting and forecasting system, this system can well operate and be beneficial to a company. According to Drucker (1976), an another reason why MBO is practical is that its successful implementation largely depends on paperwork. This idea signifies that if quantities of time and energy are spent, MBO can play a crucial role in company management. Drucker (1976) also stated that when carefully risk evaluating and transaction decisions are made can MBO become an efficient tool. In these respects, MBO seems to be still widely applied in company management field, but actually it is not as helpful as most of people think.

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Smart Objectives
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(PDF) Why written objectives need to be really SMART
SMART Goals and Objectives: Definition, Characteristics and Examples

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(PDF) Why written objectives need to be really SMART
This article analyses examples of objective. statements drawn from the literature and concludes that none of these can be truly described as. SMART, posing the risk that organisations using them ...
PDF Establishing Your S.M.A.R.T. Objectives
(1) OHSU Community Research Coalition HUB (541) 728 -0665 . Establishing Your S.M.A.R.T. Objectives . What are S.M.A.R.T objectives? S.M.A.R.T. is a simple acronym that can be used to help you identify and evaluate project objectives. It is important to develop a S.M.A.R.T. objective for . each. goal or outcome you hope your project will meet.
(PDF) Making SMART goals smarter
A popularised term, SMART, from the business field, has been proven effective for assessing the objective/sub-objective of a broader goal [29e31]. MacLeod [30] and Subrt and Brozova [32] added "E ...
Being smart about writing SMART objectives
It is argued the one size fits all approach for writing SMART objectives is misleading. The context in which the evaluation is conducted is a key deciding factor in how and when the SMART criteria should be applied. Without an appreciation of the evaluation context, mainstream users may be developing objectives that are far from smart.
PDF The University of Bradford Institutional Repository
To be SMART, objective statements should be constructed to specify four components: Outcome, Indicator, Target-level and Timeframe (O.I.T.T.). This study reviewed the goal framework of published objective statements to determine the extent to which they are SMART. The statements of 17 published examples of SMART objectives found in literature ...
PDF Design of the Smart Objectives System in the Management of a Research
Application of an efficient management system is a pre-requisite for a smooth and efficient running of any activity. Whilst the world is rapidly evolving, the SMART objectives (Specific, Mea-surable, Achievable, Relevant, Time) become essential for the manage-ment of research projects, human resources and personal development.
PDF How to Write SMART Objectives
Writing SMART Objectives. To use an objective to monitor your progress, you need to write it as a SMART objective. A SMART objective is. 1. Specific. Objectives should provide the "who" and "what" of your study activities. Use only one action verb, because objectives with more than one verb imply that more than one activity or behavior ...
PDF Crafting Your S.M.A.R.T. Goal Statements
• Provide (research, service, analysis • Improve (efficiency, transparency, communication) • Decrease (expenses, inefficiency, costs) • Save (time, resources, energy) Review your responses to the questions above and use this information to craft a new S.M.A.R.T. goal statement below.
Being smart about writing SMART objectives
Evaluation guidance. SMART objectives. 1. Introduction. Doran (1981) first introduced the specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, and time-related (SMART) method for writing effective management goals. Today, the SMART method in management is commonly stated as the standard for developing effective, measurable goals and objectives (Bowles ...
Design of the Smart Objectives System in the Management of a Research
Efficiency is the basis of activity, and the best way to achieve high efficiency is through an agreement between the management and employees regarding the project objectives [].The SMART technology is a modern approach for setting up the tasks and goals of certain activities [3, 17].This system makes it possible to set the objectives that summarize all the available information and acceptable ...
Being smart about writing SMART objectives
The article notes several advantages of mainstreaming the SMART method including program capacity building and being able to independently monitor progress toward process and outcome objectives. It is argued the one size fits all approach for writing SMART objectives is misleading. The context in which the evaluation is conducted is a key ...
[PDF] Why written objectives need to be really SMART
This article analyses examples of objective statements drawn from the literature and concludes that none of these can be truly described as SMART1, posing the risk that organisations using them as guide will fail to attain their goals. There is general agreement that plans without well-formulated goals lack rationale, strategies lack relevance, actions lack direction, projects lack ...
Writing SMART objectives for natural resource and environmental
We differentiate between research and management objectives, define each SMART criterion, and introduce a template to help write management objectives. We demonstrate the use of the SMART management objectives template with a hypothetical example and two recent applications. The template simplifies the process of writing SMART management ...
PDF SMART Goals: A How to Guide
major job responsibilities.Remember, goals are intended to focus attention and resources on what is most important so that you can be successful i. achieving your priorities. SMART Goals are go. Common types of goals are to: o Increase something. o Make something. o Improve something. somethingo Save somethingo.
Research Objectives
Example: Research aim. To examine contributory factors to muscle retention in a group of elderly people. Example: Research objectives. To assess the relationship between sedentary habits and muscle atrophy among the participants. To determine the impact of dietary factors, particularly protein consumption, on the muscular health of the ...
(PDF) How to write Research objectives
Here are three simple steps that you can. follow to identify and write your research objectives: Pinpoint the major focus of your research. The first step to writing your research objectives is to ...
(PDF) How to write SMART objectives
The concept of SMART goals, introduced by George T. Doran in 1981, has become a widely adopted framework for setting objectives in various fields, including business, education, and personal development. The acronym SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, providing a clear and structured approach to goal ...
PDF Obje ctive s Guide to Writing SMART
Writing SMART Objectives. Performance Review and Development Review (PRD) is part of the ongoing process of supporting excellence in employee and organisational performance. During your PRD, you will identify and agree individual goals and objectives for the coming year aligned with the strategic plan. This presentation focuses on how to design ...
PDF Setting SMART Objectives
Setting SMART Objectives. Setting SMART Objectives. Being SMART helps to clarify and record objectives. When you have a big or long term objective, break it into manageable steps by writing. shorter term SMART objectives for each step. S.
PDF Examples of Measurable Goals and Objectives
and Objectives Measurable goals and objectives are essential for evaluating progress in any situation, be it work, learning, or personal development. When a goal is specific and measurable, it's more likely to be achieved. For anyone who is easily overwhelmed or struggles with time-management, this system will help you stay on track.
PDF Setting Goals and Developing Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant
Completion of objectives result in specific, measurable outcomes that directly contribute to the achievement of the project goals. Setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives is a good way to plan the steps to meet the long-term goals in your grant. It helps you take your grant from ideas to action.
SMART Objectives
SMART Objectives Developing SMART Objectives One way to develop well-written objectives is to use the SMART approach. Developing specific, measurable objectives requires time, orderly thinking, and a clear picture of the results expected from program activities. The more specific your objectives are, the easier it will be to demonstrate success.
Management by Objectives
Robert H. Schuller Lesson Objectives 1. Define goals/objectives and understand their importance to management planning. 2. Identify the four step process of Management by Objectives. 3. Create SMART goals in reference to the remaining academic school year.
Full article: Smart material selection strategies for sustainable and
To optimize the proportions of a HPC mix, the research [Citation 14] integrated the RF, least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and NSGA-II methods into a hybrid smart framework. For durable and affordable concrete formulations, it detects important variables, forecasts performance and accomplishes multi-objective optimization.
Optimized Adaptive Multi-Scale Dual An for Multi-Objective CHS and
Abstract. In this research work, an Adaptive Multi-Scale Dual Attention Network with ZOA for Multi-Objective CHS with energy-aware routing in 6G wireless Communication (CHS-EAR-AM-SDAN-6G) is proposed to secure the data transmission by selecting optimum cluster heads in the 6G Wireless Communication network.