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Product analysis: What, why, and how (with examples) 2024

This article provides an overview of product analysis, discussing the different types of analysis, methods, tools, and examples of product analysis.

Product owners and managers often struggle with the challenge of optimizing their offerings for success in the market. Understanding what users truly need and want is a persistent puzzle. 

In the complex landscape of product development, the need for effective product analysis has never been more crucial. Empathy for the end user is paramount, yet finding the right methods, examples, and tools to decode their preferences can be daunting. 

This article aims to demystify the process, providing a concise guide to product analysis. Dive into the strategies, real-world examples, and essential tools that empower product owners and managers to refine their products with precision.

What is product analysis?

Product analysis is a crucial process for product owners and managers. It involves evaluating a product's features, functionality, and overall performance. 

This examination helps identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Managers use product analysis to make informed decisions, enhance user experience, and stay competitive. 

By scrutinizing customer feedback, market trends, and competitors, product owners gain insights for improvement. This active assessment ensures that the product aligns with customer needs and market demands. 

Through systematic examination, product analysis empowers managers to optimize features, fix issues, and maintain a successful product lifecycle. In essence, it is a strategic tool for ongoing product enhancement and market relevance.

Understanding the fundamentals of product analysis is crucial, but equally important is recognizing its practical utility. Let's delve into why product analysis is a vital practice for product owners and managers.

Why is product analysis useful?

Product analysis is indispensable for product owners and managers as it provides a clear picture of a product's strengths and weaknesses. By analyzing customer feedback, market trends, and competitive landscapes, one can make informed decisions to optimize product performance. Here’s how it has a key role in a product’s success:

1) Enhances product understanding:

Product analysis is indispensable for product owners and managers as it enhances their understanding of the product. Through a systematic examination of the product's features, functionalities, and performance, stakeholders gain a comprehensive insight into its strengths and weaknesses. This understanding forms the basis for informed decision-making, allowing for strategic improvements and optimizations.

2) Identifies market relevance:

One key benefit of product analysis is its ability to identify the product's relevance in the market. By evaluating consumer needs, preferences, and trends, product owners can align their offerings with market demands. This proactive approach ensures that the product remains competitive, resonates with the target audience, and stays abreast of evolving market dynamics.

3) Pinpoints areas for enhancement:

Analyzing a product helps pinpoint specific areas for enhancement and refinement. Whether it's addressing user experience issues, streamlining processes, or incorporating new features, this detailed examination enables product owners to prioritize improvements effectively. By focusing on these identified areas, the product can continuously evolve, ensuring it meets and exceeds user expectations.

4) Facilitates informed decision-making:

Product analysis empowers owners and managers to make informed decisions based on concrete data and insights. By assessing performance metrics, user feedback, and market trends, stakeholders can confidently strategize product development, marketing initiatives, and resource allocation. This data-driven decision-making approach minimizes risks and maximizes the potential for success in a dynamic business landscape.

5) Drives competitive advantage:

In a competitive market, staying ahead is crucial, and product analysis serves as a catalyst for maintaining a competitive advantage. By staying attuned to customer feedback, monitoring industry trends, and adapting swiftly to changes, product owners position their offerings as innovative and customer-centric. This proactive stance not only helps retain existing customers but also attracts new ones, solidifying the product's standing in the market.

Now that we have understood the significance of product analysis, let's explore a step-by-step guide on how to conduct a thorough product analysis.

How to do product analysis: Step by step

Conducting a product analysis involves a systematic approach to gather and analyze data, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of a product's strengths and weaknesses. 

In this section, we will outline a step-by-step guide for product owners and managers to effectively perform product analysis and extract actionable insights:

Step 1: Define product analysis objectives and KPIs

Product analysis is a crucial aspect of managing and improving a product's performance. The first step is to clearly define your objectives and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to ensure focused analysis.

Objectives: Clearly outline what you aim to achieve with your product analysis. It could be enhancing user experience, increasing customer satisfaction, or optimizing product features.

KPIs: Identify specific metrics that align with your objectives. For example, if your goal is user engagement, relevant KPIs would include daily active users, session duration, and feature adoption rates.

Step 2: Choose the right sources of data collection

Selecting the appropriate data sources is vital for obtaining valuable insights into your product's performance. Utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative data for a comprehensive analysis.

Product usage data: Track feature usage rates and custom event completions to optimize the user journey and enhance user activation. This quantitative data provides insights into which features are popular and where users may be experiencing difficulties.

Heatmaps and session recordings: Analyze user in-app engagement patterns by leveraging heatmaps and session recordings. This visual data allows you to identify areas of friction in the user interface, enabling you to make informed design improvements.

User feedback: Gather both quantitative feedback through Net Promoter Score (NPS) or Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) scores, and qualitative feedback to pinpoint specific areas for improvement. Understand the sentiment behind the numbers to address user concerns effectively.

Customer testimonials, reviews, and social media mention: Monitor what users are saying about your product on various platforms. Extract valuable insights from testimonials, reviews, and social media mentions to gauge public perception and identify areas for enhancement.

Customer success and support interactions: Engage with customer success, support, or sales teams to gain firsthand knowledge of user needs and pain points. This direct interaction provides qualitative data that complements quantitative findings.

Step 3: Analyze the aggregated data to identify trends/patterns

Once you have collected data from various sources, the next step is to analyze it to identify trends and patterns that can guide decision-making.

Aggregate data: Consolidate data from different sources to get a holistic view of your product's performance. This allows you to identify overarching trends rather than focusing on isolated metrics.

Identify patterns: Look for recurring patterns or anomalies in the data. For example, if a particular feature usage spikes after a product update, investigate the reasons behind it to understand user behavior.

User segmentation: Analyze data based on user segments. Understanding how different user groups interact with your product can provide insights into personalized strategies for improving their experience.

Step 4: Make product decisions based on the data analyzed

Armed with insights from your analysis, it's time to make informed decisions to enhance your product.

Prioritize changes: Identify the most impactful areas for improvement based on your analysis. Prioritize changes that align with your objectives and have the potential to positively impact key metrics.

Iterative development: Embrace an iterative approach to development. Implement changes gradually, monitor their impact, and make further adjustments based on ongoing analysis. This ensures a continuous cycle of improvement.

Data-driven roadmap: Use your analysis to create a data-driven product roadmap. Align your development efforts with the identified trends and user needs to drive sustained product growth.

Step 5: Communicate insights with different teams

Effectively communicating your analysis findings is crucial for aligning cross-functional teams and driving collaborative efforts.

Create clear reports: Summarize your findings in clear and concise reports. Use visuals such as charts and graphs to make complex data easily understandable for various stakeholders.

Cross-functional meetings: Conduct regular cross-functional meetings to share insights and foster collaboration. Ensure that teams such as development, marketing, and customer support are aligned on the product goals and strategies.

Feedback loop: Establish a feedback loop to gather input from different teams. This collaborative approach ensures that insights from various perspectives contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the product's performance.

Training sessions: Conduct training sessions to empower teams with the skills to interpret and use product analytics. This promotes a culture of data-driven decision-making throughout the organization.

Now that we've covered the step-by-step process of product analysis, let's move on to explore the various methods available for conducting product analysis.

What are the various methods of product analysis

Product analysis can be approached through various methods, each offering unique perspectives and advantages. As a product owner or manager, having diverse methods of product analysis empowers you to tailor your approach to the specific needs of your product and market:

1) Trend analysis

Trend analysis involves studying historical data to identify patterns and predict future market trends. It helps product owners understand market shifts and adapt their strategies accordingly.

• Anticipation: Enables product owners to anticipate market trends and consumer preferences.
• Data-driven decision making: Informs decision-making based on concrete historical data.
• Competitive edge: Provides a competitive edge by staying ahead of market changes.
• Limited accuracy: Predictions may not always accurately reflect future trends.
• Time-consuming: Requires time for extensive data collection and analysis.
• Dependency on historical data: Assumes the future will mirror the past, which may not always be the case.

How to execute it:

• Define goals: Clearly outline what trends you want to analyze and understand.
• Collect data: Gather relevant historical data from reliable sources.
• Identify patterns: Use data analysis tools to identify patterns and trends.
• Evaluate impact: Assess the potential impact of identified trends on your product.
• Adapt strategies: Modify strategies based on trend analysis to align with market changes.
• Regular updates: Continuously update trend analysis to stay current.
• Utilize technology: Leverage data analysis software for efficient trend identification.
• Cross-verify with experts: Validate findings with industry experts for a well-rounded perspective.

2) Competitive product analysis

Competitive product analysis involves evaluating competitor products to gain insights into their strengths, weaknesses, and market positioning. This helps in refining and enhancing one's own product strategy.

• Identify gaps: Reveals gaps in the market that your product can fill.
• Benchmarking: Allows benchmarking against competitors to set realistic goals.
• Strategic positioning: Assists in positioning your product strategically in the market.
• Limited scope: May not capture all aspects of a competitor's strategy or product.
• Dynamic market: Market conditions change, making continuous analysis necessary.
• Data accuracy: Relies on publicly available information, which may not always be accurate.
• Select competitors: Choose key competitors relevant to your market.
• Analyze products: Evaluate features, pricing, and marketing strategies of competitor products.
• SWOT analysis: Conduct a SWOT analysis to understand strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• User reviews: Scrutinize customer reviews to grasp user satisfaction and pain points.
• Pricing comparison: Compare pricing structures to gauge market competitiveness.
• Track marketing strategies: Monitor competitor marketing campaigns for insights.
• Regular updates: Keep the analysis updated to adapt to changing competitive landscapes.
• Incorporate findings: Use analysis findings to refine your own product strategy.

3) Journey analysis

Journey analysis involves mapping a user's journey from awareness to purchase and beyond. It helps in understanding user interactions, optimizing touchpoints, and enhancing overall user experience.

• User-centric: Focuses on the user's perspective and experience.
• Identify pain points: Pinpoints areas of friction in the user journey.
• Optimization: Allows for the optimization of key touchpoints for better conversion.
• Subjectivity: Interpretation of user experiences may be subjective.
• Incomplete data: Relies on available data, which may not capture all user interactions.
• Resource-intensive: Requires substantial resources for detailed journey mapping.
• Define user personas: Understand your target audience and create user personas.
• Map touchpoints: Identify and map key touchpoints from awareness to conversion.
• Collect data: Gather data on user interactions at each touchpoint.
• Analyze feedback: Incorporate user feedback to understand pain points.
• Identify improvements: Pinpoint areas for improvement in the user journey.
• Implement changes: Make necessary adjustments to enhance user experience.
• Test and iterate: Continuously test changes and iterate based on user responses.
• Monitor metrics: Track relevant metrics to measure the success of journey optimizations.

4) Segment analysis

Segment analysis involves categorizing customers into segments based on common characteristics. This helps tailor product strategies to specific segments for increased effectiveness.

• Personalization: Enables personalized marketing for different customer segments.
• Targeted messaging: Allows for targeted messaging to specific audience segments.
• Improved conversion: Increases the likelihood of converting leads into customers.
• Simplification: May oversimplify diverse customer behaviors within a segment.
• Constant evolution: Customer segments may change, requiring regular updates.
• Resource demand: Requires resources for data collection and segmentation analysis.

How to Execute it:

• Define segmentation criteria: Identify criteria for categorizing customers into segments.
• Collect data: Gather relevant data for customer segmentation.
• Segmentation analysis: Use data analysis tools to categorize customers into segments.
• Profile segments: Create detailed profiles for each customer segment.
• Tailor marketing: Develop marketing strategies tailored to each segment.
• Implement campaigns: Execute targeted marketing campaigns for each segment.
• Monitor responses: Track responses from each segment to assess campaign effectiveness.
• Regular updates: Periodically review and update segmentation criteria based on evolving market trends.

5) Attribution analysis

Attribution analysis involves determining the impact of each marketing channel on the overall conversion. It helps in allocating resources effectively by identifying the most impactful channels.

• Resource optimization: Allocates resources to the most effective marketing channels.
• Data-driven decisions: Informs decisions based on concrete attribution data.
• Improved ROI: Enhances return on investment by focusing on high-impact channels.
• Complexity: Attribution models can be complex and challenging to implement.
• Data accuracy: Relies on accurate data, which may not always be available.
• Dynamic channels: Marketing channels evolve, impacting the accuracy of attribution models.
• Define goals: Clearly outline the desired outcomes and metrics for attribution.
• Select attribution model: Choose an attribution model that aligns with your business goals.
• Implement tracking: Set up tracking mechanisms for each marketing channel.
• Collect data: Gather data on user interactions across different channels.
• Analyze impact: Evaluate the impact of each channel on the overall conversion.
• Adjust strategies: Modify marketing strategies based on attribution analysis.
• Continuous monitoring: Regularly monitor and update attribution models for accuracy.
• Cross-verify with sales data: Validate attribution findings with actual sales data for a comprehensive view.

6) Cohort analysis

Cohort analysis involves grouping users based on common characteristics and analyzing their behavior over time. It helps in understanding user retention and engagement patterns.

• Behavior patterns: Reveals behavior patterns within specific user groups.
• Retention insights: Provides insights into user retention over time.
• Targeted interventions: Allows for targeted interventions to improve user engagement.
• Data complexity: Analyzing cohort data can be complex, requiring advanced tools.
• Resource intensive: Requires substantial resources for ongoing cohort analysis.
• Limited predictability: Behavior within cohorts may change, limiting predictability.
• Define cohorts: Identify criteria for grouping users into cohorts (e.g., sign-up date).
• Collect data: Gather data on user behavior within each cohort.
• Analyze patterns: Identify patterns and trends within cohort behavior.
• Evaluate retention: Assess user retention rates within each cohort.
• Identify influencing factors: Understand factors influencing cohort behavior.
• Intervene strategically: Implement targeted strategies to improve engagement within cohorts.
• Monitor changes: Continuously monitor changes in cohort behavior over time.
• Iterate strategies: Adjust strategies based on evolving cohort dynamics and user feedback.

7) Retention analysis

Retention analysis involves evaluating the ability of a product to retain users over time. It helps in identifying factors influencing user retention and implementing strategies to enhance it.

• User loyalty: Enhances user loyalty by addressing retention challenges.
• Revenue stability: Contributes to stable revenue streams through retained users.
• Feedback loop: Provides a feedback loop for improving product features and experiences.
• Varied user behavior: Users exhibit diverse behavior, making retention analysis challenging.
• External factors: External factors like market changes can impact user retention.
• Resource intensive: Requires ongoing resources for monitoring and analysis.
• Define retention metrics: Clearly outline metrics for measuring user retention.
• Data collection: Collect data on user interactions, sign-ups, and churn rates.
• Analyze patterns: Identify patterns and trends in user retention data.
• User feedback: Incorporate user feedback to understand retention challenges.
• Introduce enhancements: Implement product enhancements based on feedback and analysis.
• Monitor changes: Continuously monitor changes in user retention rates.
• Customer communication: Communicate with users to address concerns and gather insights.
• Iterative improvement: Iterate product improvements based on ongoing retention analysis.

8) Churn analysis

Churn analysis involves studying the rate at which users stop using a product. It helps in understanding the reasons behind user churn and developing strategies to minimize it.

• Preventive strategies: Enables the development of preventive strategies to reduce churn.
• Identify weak points: Pinpoints weaknesses in the product that lead to user churn.
• Revenue protection: Protects revenue by retaining existing users.
• Varied reasons: Users churn for diverse reasons, making analysis complex.
• Incomplete data: Churn analysis may not capture all factors contributing to user departure.
• Emotional aspect: Users' decisions to churn may be influenced by emotional factors.
• Define churn metrics: Clearly outline metrics for measuring user churn.
• Data collection: Gather data on user interactions, cancellations, and feedback.
• Analyze patterns: Identify patterns and commonalities among users who churn.
• User exit surveys: Conduct exit surveys to understand reasons for churn.
• Implement improvements: Introduce product enhancements based on churn analysis.
• Re-engagement strategies: Develop strategies to re-engage users at risk of churn.
• Continuous monitoring: Regularly monitor changes in user churn rates.
• Iterate strategies: Adjust strategies based on evolving user behavior and feedback.

9) User feedback analysis

User feedback analysis involves systematically reviewing and understanding user feedback, reviews, and suggestions. It helps in gaining valuable insights into user satisfaction and areas for improvement.

• User-centric: Puts the user's perspective at the forefront of product development.
• Real-time insights: Provides real-time insights into user sentiments.
• Feature prioritization: Assists in prioritizing features based on user demands.
• Subjectivity: Interpretation of qualitative feedback can be subjective.
• Volume of data: Managing and analyzing large volumes of user feedback can be challenging.
• Varied opinions: Users may have diverse opinions, making consensus difficult.
• Collect feedback: Gather feedback through surveys (NPS, CSAT, and CES), reviews, and direct communication.
• Categorize feedback: Categorize feedback into themes such as positive, negative, and feature requests.
• Prioritize issues: Prioritize issues based on the frequency and severity of user feedback.
• Identify trends: Identify trends and patterns within user feedback data.
• Cross-reference with metrics: Cross-reference feedback with relevant metrics for a comprehensive view.
• Implement changes: Make necessary product changes based on user feedback.
• Communicate updates: Communicate product changes to users based on their feedback.
• Continuous feedback loop: Establish a continuous feedback loop for ongoing user engagement and improvement.

Having explored the methods, our focus now shifts to the key product analytics metrics that should be on your radar for a comprehensive product analysis.

What product analytics metrics you should be tracking

Measuring the right product analytics metrics is pivotal for a successful product analysis. This section outlines the key performance indicators (KPIs) that product owners and managers should be tracking to gauge the health and success of their products in the market:

1) Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

CAC measures the cost of acquiring a new customer. It encompasses various expenses incurred in marketing, advertising, and sales efforts.

Understanding CAC is crucial for assessing the efficiency of your customer acquisition strategies. It helps in optimizing budgets and resources, ensuring a sustainable growth model.

How to calculate it:

Identify costs: Sum up all expenses related to customer acquisition, including advertising spend, salaries, and overheads.

Determine the time period: Define the timeframe for calculation, ensuring consistency in data.

Calculate CAC: Divide total acquisition costs by the number of new customers acquired during the chosen period.

Example: If your total acquisition costs are $10,000 and you acquired 100 customers in a month, your CAC would be $100.

2) Trial to Paid Conversion Rate

This metric evaluates the percentage of users who transition from a free trial to a paid subscription, offering insights into your product's ability to convert interested users into paying customers.

Tracking trial to paid conversion rates helps identify the effectiveness of your product's value proposition and the user onboarding process.

Identify metrics: Count the number of users who started a trial and the number of users who converted to paid subscriptions.

Calculate conversion rate: Divide the number of paying users by the total trial users and multiply by 100 to get the percentage.

Example: If 500 users started a trial, and 100 converted to paid, your conversion rate is (100/500) * 100 = 20%.

3) Product Activation Rate

Activation rate measures the percentage of users who complete a specific set of actions or reach a certain milestone, indicating successful onboarding and engagement.

A high activation rate signifies a positive user experience and increased likelihood of long-term product usage.

Define activation criteria: Identify key actions users must take for activation.

Count activated users: Track the number of users who complete the specified actions.

Calculate activation rate: Divide activated users by the total number of users and multiply by 100.

Example: If 800 users completed the required actions out of 1,000 total users, your activation rate is (800/1000) * 100 = 80%.

4) Customer Retention Rate

Retention rate gauges the percentage of customers who continue to use your product over time, reflecting user satisfaction and the effectiveness of ongoing strategies.

High retention rates are indicative of a loyal customer base and reduce the need for continuous heavy investment in acquiring new customers.

Identify time period: Define the time frame for calculation.

Count remaining customers: At the end of the period, count the number of customers still using your product.

Calculate retention rate: Divide remaining customers by the total customers at the start and multiply by 100.

Example: If you started with 1,000 customers, and 800 are still using the product after a month, your retention rate is (800/1000) * 100 = 80%.

5) Customer Lifetime Value (CLV or LTV)

CLV represents the total revenue a customer is expected to generate throughout their entire relationship with your product.

Understanding CLV aids in setting appropriate budgets for customer acquisition, ensuring that the cost of acquiring a customer doesn't exceed their lifetime value.

Determine average purchase value: Calculate the average amount a customer spends per transaction.

Calculate purchase frequency: Determine how often, on average, customers make a purchase.

Identify customer lifespan: Estimate the average number of years a customer remains engaged.

Calculate CLV: Multiply average purchase value by purchase frequency and customer lifespan.

Example: If your average purchase value is $50, customers buy twice a month, and the average lifespan is 3 years, your CLV is $50 * 2 * 12 * 3 = $3,600.

Now that we've covered the essential metrics, let's explore the next crucial step in the product analysis journey: how to compile an effective product analysis report.

How to write a product analysis report?

Creating a product analysis report is the bridge between data and actionable insights. In this section, we will guide product owners and managers on how to structure and compose an effective product analysis report that communicates findings clearly and supports informed decision-making:

Now that we understand the reporting process, let's explore the best tools available to streamline and enhance the product analysis workflow.

Best tools for product analysis

The right tools can significantly amplify the efficiency and effectiveness of product analysis. In this section, we will highlight and discuss some of the best tools available to product owners and managers, making the analysis process more manageable and insightful:

1) Blitzllama (for user insights)

Blitzllama stands out as a powerful tool for product owners seeking valuable user insights. Through in-app user surveys , it enables direct interaction with users, gathering feedback on user experiences, preferences, and pain points. This real-time approach aids in making informed decisions, aligning the product with user expectations. By seamlessly integrating survey questions within the app, Blitzllama ensures minimal disruption, maximizing user participation. This tool empowers product owners to prioritize enhancements based on user feedback, fostering a user-centric approach to product development.

2) FullStory (for user session recording)

FullStory offers a comprehensive solution for product analysis through user session recording. This tool enables product owners to visually understand user interactions by recording and replaying sessions. By witnessing how users navigate the product, encounter issues, or abandon processes, product owners gain crucial insights. FullStory helps identify pain points and areas for improvement, facilitating data-driven decisions. With its user-friendly interface, product owners can efficiently analyze user behavior, enhancing their ability to optimize user journeys and enhance overall product usability.

3) Crazy Egg (for heatmaps)

Crazy Egg proves indispensable for product owners aiming to visually comprehend user engagement patterns. Through heatmaps, this tool provides a clear graphical representation of user interactions on web pages. Product owners can easily identify hotspots, revealing where users click, scroll, or lose interest. This visual data aids in optimizing page layouts, improving call-to-action placement, and enhancing overall user experience. With Crazy Egg's user-friendly interface, product owners can swiftly interpret heatmap data, making informed decisions to boost user engagement and satisfaction.

4) UserTesting (for user interview)

UserToom emerges as a vital tool for product owners seeking in-depth insights through user interviews. This platform facilitates remote usability testing, allowing product owners to conduct interviews with diverse user groups. Through structured interviews and surveys, UserToom captures qualitative data on user preferences, pain points, and expectations. This tool's flexibility accommodates various testing scenarios, providing a holistic view of user experiences. Product owners can derive actionable insights, refining their products based on direct user input, ensuring alignment with user needs and preferences.

5) Owler (for competitive intelligence)

Owler proves invaluable for product owners keen on staying ahead in the competitive landscape. This tool specializes in competitive intelligence, providing real-time updates on competitors' activities, market trends, and industry news. With Owler, product owners can track competitors' product releases, pricing strategies, and customer reviews. This insight helps in shaping competitive positioning, identifying market gaps, and making informed decisions to stay ahead. Owler equips product owners with the necessary information to strategically position their products in the market, ensuring they remain competitive and responsive to industry dynamics.

In essence, product analysis is pivotal for informed decision-making in the dynamic landscape of product development. Understanding what your product is, why it matters, and how it functions empowers product owners and managers to optimize strategies. 

By actively engaging in comprehensive analysis, stakeholders can identify strengths, address weaknesses, and align products with market demands. This process not only enhances product quality but also bolsters competitiveness. 

In a world where innovation is paramount, product analysis emerges as the compass guiding effective choices. Embracing this practice ensures that product owners and managers steer their projects toward success with clarity and purpose.

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7 Steps for How to Write an Evaluation Essay (Example & Template)

In this ultimate guide, I will explain to you exactly how to write an evaluation essay.

1. What is an Evaluation Essay?

An evaluation essay should provide a critical analysis of something.

You’re literally ‘evaluating’ the thing you’re looking up.

Here’s a couple of quick definitions of what we mean by ‘evaluate’:

• Merriam-Webster defines evaluation as: “to determine the significance, worth, or condition of usually by careful appraisal and study”
• Collins Dictionary says: “If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a judgment about them, for example about how good or bad they are.”

Here’s some synonyms for ‘evaluate’:

So, we could say that an evaluation essay should carefully examine the ‘thing’ and provide an overall judgement of it.

Here’s some common things you may be asked to write an evaluation essay on:

This is by no means an exhaustive list. Really, you can evaluate just about anything!

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2. How to write an Evaluation Essay

There are two secrets to writing a strong evaluation essay. The first is to aim for objective analysis before forming an opinion. The second is to use an evaluation criteria.

Aim to Appear Objective before giving an Evaluation Argument

Your evaluation will eventually need an argument.

The evaluation argument will show your reader what you have decided is the final value of the ‘thing’ you’re evaluating.

But in order to convince your reader that your evaluative argument is sound, you need to do some leg work.

The aim will be to show that you have provided a balanced and fair assessment before coming to your conclusion.

In order to appear balanced you should:

• Discuss both the pros and cons of the thing
• Discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of the thing
• Look at the thing from multiple different perspectives
• Be both positive and critical. Don’t make it look like you’re biased towards one perspective.

In other words, give every perspective a fair hearing.

You don’t want to sound like a propagandist. You want to be seen as a fair and balanced adjudicator.

Use an Evaluation Criteria

One way to appear balanced is to use an evaluation criteria.

An evaluation criteria helps to show that you have assessed the ‘thing’ based on an objective measure.

Here’s some examples of evaluation criteria:

• Strength under pressure
• Longevity (ability to survive for a long time)
• Ease of use
• Ability to get the job done
• Friendliness
• Punctuality
• Ability to predict my needs
• Calmness under pressure
• Attentiveness

A Bed and Breakfast

• Breakfast options
• Taste of food
• Comfort of bed
• Local attractions
• Service from owner
• Cleanliness

We can use evaluation criteria to frame out ability to conduct the analysis fairly.

This is especially true for if you have to evaluate multiple different ‘things’. For example, if you’re evaluating three novels, you want to be able to show that you applied the same ‘test’ on all three books!

This will show that you gave each ‘thing’ a fair chance and looked at the same elements for each.

3. How to come up with an Evaluation Argument

After you have:

• Looked at both good and bad elements of the ‘thing’, and
• Used an evaluation criteria

You’ll then need to develop an evaluative argument. This argument shows your own overall perspective on the ‘thing’.

Remember, you will need to show your final evaluative argument is backed by objective analysis. You need to do it in order!

Analyze first. Evaluate second.

Here’s an example.

Let’s say you’re evaluating the quality of a meal.

You might say:

• A strength of the meal was its presentation. It was well presented and looked enticing to eat.
• A weakness of the meal was that it was overcooked. This decreased its flavor.
• The meal was given a low rating on ‘cost’ because it was more expensive than the other comparative meals on the menu.
• The meal was given a high rating on ‘creativity’. It was a meal that involved a thoughtful and inventive mix of ingredients.

Now that you’ve looked at some pros and cons and measured the meal based on a few criteria points (like cost and creativity), you’ll be able to come up with a final argument:

• Overall, the meal was good enough for a middle-tier restaurant but would not be considered a high-class meal. There is a lot of room for improvement if the chef wants to win any local cooking awards.

Evaluative terms that you might want to use for this final evaluation argument might include:

• All things considered
• With all key points in mind

4. Evaluation Essay Outline (with Examples)

Okay, so now you know what to do, let’s have a go at creating an outline for your evaluation essay!

Here’s what I recommend:

4.1 How to Write your Introduction

In the introduction, feel free to use my 5-Step INTRO method . It’ll be an introduction just like any other essay introduction .

And yes, feel free to explain what the final evaluation will be.

So, here it is laid out nice and simple.

Write one sentence for each point to make a 5-sentence introduction:

• Interest: Make a statement about the ‘thing’ you’re evaluating that you think will be of interest to the reader. Make it a catchy, engaging point that draws the reader in!
• Notify: Notify the reader of any background info on the thing you’re evaluating. This is your chance to show your depth of knowledge. What is a historical fact about the ‘thing’?
• Translate: Re-state the essay question. For an evaluative essay, you can re-state it something like: “This essay evaluates the book/ product/ article/ etc. by looking at its strengths and weaknesses and compares it against a marking criteria”.
• Report: Say what your final evaluation will be. For example you can say “While there are some weaknesses in this book, overall this evaluative essay will show that it helps progress knowledge about Dinosaurs.”
• Outline: Simply give a clear overview of what will be discussed. For example, you can say: “Firstly, the essay will evaluate the product based on an objective criteria. This criteria will include its value for money, fit for purpose and ease of use. Next, the essay will show the main strengths and weaknesses of the product. Lastly, the essay will provide a final evaluative statement about the product’s overall value and worth.”

If you want more depth on how to use the INTRO method, you’ll need to go and check out our blog post on writing quality introductions.

4.2 Example Introduction

This example introduction is for the essay question: Write an Evaluation Essay on Facebook’s Impact on Society.

“Facebook is the third most visited website in the world. It was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg in his college dorm. This essay evaluates the impact of Facebook on society and makes an objective judgement on its value. The essay will argue that Facebook has changed the world both for the better and worse. Firstly, it will give an overview of what Facebook is and its history. Then, it will examine Facebook on the criteria of: impact on social interactions, impact on the media landscape, and impact on politics.”

You’ll notice that each sentence in this introduction follows my 5-Step INTRO formula to create a clear, coherent 5-Step introduction.

4.3 How to Write your Body Paragraphs

The first body paragraph should give an overview of the ‘thing’ being evaluated.

Then, you should evaluate the pros and cons of the ‘thing’ being evaluated based upon the criteria you have developed for evaluating it.

Let’s take a look below.

4.4 First Body Paragraph: Overview of your Subject

This first paragraph should provide objective overview of your subject’s properties and history. You should not be doing any evaluating just yet.

The goal for this first paragraph is to ensure your reader knows what it is you’re evaluating. Secondarily, it should show your marker that you have developed some good knowledge about it.

If you need to use more than one paragraph to give an overview of the subject, that’s fine.

Similarly, if your essay word length needs to be quite long, feel free to spend several paragraphs exploring the subject’s background and objective details to show off your depth of knowledge for the marker.

4.5 First Body Paragraph Example

Sticking with the essay question: Write an Evaluation Essay on Facebook’s Impact on Society , this might be your paragraph:

“Facebook has been one of the most successful websites of all time. It is the website that dominated the ‘Web 2.0’ revolution, which was characterized by user two-way interaction with the web. Facebook allowed users to create their own personal profiles and invite their friends to follow along. Since 2004, Facebook has attracted more than one billion people to create profiles in order to share their opinions and keep in touch with their friends.”

Notice here that I haven’t yet made any evaluations of Facebook’s merits?

This first paragraph (or, if need be, several of them) should be all about showing the reader exactly what your subject is – no more, no less.

4.6 Evaluation Paragraphs: Second, Third, Forth and Fifth Body Paragraphs

Once you’re confident your reader will know what the subject that you’re evaluating is, you’ll need to move on to the actual evaluation.

For this step, you’ll need to dig up that evaluation criteria we talked about in Point 2.

For example, let’s say you’re evaluating a President of the United States.

Your evaluation criteria might be:

• Impact on world history
• Ability to pass legislation
• Popularity with voters
• Morals and ethics
• Ability to change lives for the better

Really, you could make up any evaluation criteria you want!

Once you’ve made up the evaluation criteria, you’ve got your evaluation paragraph ideas!

Simply turn each point in your evaluation criteria into a full paragraph.

How do you do this?

Well, start with a topic sentence.

For the criteria point ‘Impact on world history’ you can say something like: “Barack Obama’s impact on world history is mixed.”

This topic sentence will show that you’ll evaluate both pros and cons of Obama’s impact on world history in the paragraph.

Then, follow it up with explanations.

“While Obama campaigned to withdraw troops from Iraq and Afghanistan, he was unable to completely achieve this objective. This is an obvious negative for his impact on the world. However, as the first black man to lead the most powerful nation on earth, he will forever be remembered as a living milestone for civil rights and progress.”

Keep going, turning each evaluation criteria into a full paragraph.

4.7 Evaluation Paragraph Example

Let’s go back to our essay question: Write an Evaluation Essay on Facebook’s Impact on Society .

I’ve decided to use the evaluation criteria below:

• impact on social interactions;
• impact on the media landscape;
• impact on politics

Naturally, I’m going to write one paragraph for each point.

If you’re expected to write a longer piece, you could write two paragraphs on each point (one for pros and one for cons).

Here’s what my first evaluation paragraph might look like:

“Facebook has had a profound impact on social interactions. It has helped people to stay in touch with one another from long distances and after they have left school and college. This is obviously a great positive. However, it can also be seen as having a negative impact. For example, people may be less likely to interact face-to-face because they are ‘hanging out’ online instead. This can have negative impact on genuine one-to-one relationships.”

You might notice that this paragraph has a topic sentence, explanations and examples. It follows my perfect paragraph formula which you’re more than welcome to check out!

4.8 How to write your Conclusion

To conclude, you’ll need to come up with one final evaluative argument.

This evaluation argument provides an overall assessment. You can start with “Overall, Facebook has been…” and continue by saying that (all things considered) he was a good or bad president!

Remember, you can only come up with an overall evaluation after you’ve looked at the subject’s pros and cons based upon your evaluation criteria.

In the example below, I’m going to use my 5 C’s conclusion paragraph method . This will make sure my conclusion covers all the things a good conclusion should cover!

Like the INTRO method, the 5 C’s conclusion method should have one sentence for each point to create a 5 sentence conclusion paragraph.

The 5 C’s conclusion method is:

• Close the loop: Return to a statement you made in the introduction.
• Conclude: Show what your final position is.
• Clarify: Clarify how your final position is relevant to the Essay Question.
• Concern: Explain who should be concerned by your findings.
• Consequences: End by noting in one final, engaging sentence why this topic is of such importance. The ‘concern’ and ‘consequences’ sentences can be combined

4.9 Concluding Argument Example Paragraph

Here’s a possible concluding argument for our essay question: Write an Evaluation Essay on Facebook’s Impact on Society .

“The introduction of this essay highlighted that Facebook has had a profound impact on society. This evaluation essay has shown that this impact has been both positive and negative. Thus, it is too soon to say whether Facebook has been an overall positive or negative for society. However, people should pay close attention to this issue because it is possible that Facebook is contributing to the undermining of truth in media and positive interpersonal relationships.”

Note here that I’ve followed the 5 C’s conclusion method for my concluding evaluative argument paragraph.

5. Evaluation Essay Example Template

Below is a template you can use for your evaluation essay , based upon the advice I gave in Section 4:

6. 23+ Good Evaluation Essay Topics

Okay now that you know how to write an evaluation essay, let’s look at a few examples.

For each example I’m going to give you an evaluation essay title idea, plus a list of criteria you might want to use in your evaluation essay.

6.1 Evaluation of Impact

• Evaluate the impact of global warming on the great barrier reef. Recommended evaluation criteria: Level of bleaching; Impact on tourism; Economic impact; Impact on lifestyles; Impact on sealife
• Evaluate the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on poverty. Recommended evaluation criteria: Impact on jobs; Impact on childhood poverty; Impact on mental health rates; Impact on economic growth; Impact on the wealthy; Global impact
• Evaluate the impact of having children on your lifestyle. Recommended evaluation criteria: Impact on spare time; Impact on finances; Impact on happiness; Impact on sense of wellbeing
• Evaluate the impact of the internet on the world. Recommended evaluation criteria: Impact on connectedness; Impact on dating; Impact on business integration; Impact on globalization; Impact on media
• Evaluate the impact of public transportation on cities. Recommended evaluation criteria: Impact on cost of living; Impact on congestion; Impact on quality of life; Impact on health; Impact on economy
• Evaluate the impact of universal healthcare on quality of life. Recommended evaluation criteria: Impact on reducing disease rates; Impact on the poorest in society; Impact on life expectancy; Impact on happiness
• Evaluate the impact of getting a college degree on a person’s life. Recommended evaluation criteria: Impact on debt levels; Impact on career prospects; Impact on life perspectives; Impact on relationships

6.2 Evaluation of a Scholarly Text or Theory

• Evaluate a Textbook. Recommended evaluation criteria: clarity of explanations; relevance to a course; value for money; practical advice; depth and detail; breadth of information
• Evaluate a Lecture Series, Podcast or Guest Lecture. Recommended evaluation criteria: clarity of speaker; engagement of attendees; appropriateness of content; value for monet
• Evaluate a journal article. Recommended evaluation criteria: length; clarity; quality of methodology; quality of literature review ; relevance of findings for real life
• Evaluate a Famous Scientists. Recommended evaluation criteria: contribution to scientific knowledge; impact on health and prosperity of humankind; controversies and disagreements with other scientists.
• Evaluate a Theory. Recommended evaluation criteria: contribution to knowledge; reliability or accuracy; impact on the lives of ordinary people; controversies and contradictions with other theories.

6.3 Evaluation of Art and Literature

• Evaluate a Novel. Recommended evaluation criteria: plot complexity; moral or social value of the message; character development; relevance to modern life
• Evaluate a Play. Recommended evaluation criteria: plot complexity; quality of acting; moral or social value of the message; character development; relevance to modern life
• Evaluate a Film. Recommended evaluation criteria: plot complexity; quality of acting; moral or social value of the message; character development; relevance to modern life
• Evaluate an Artwork. Recommended evaluation criteria: impact on art theory; moral or social message; complexity or quality of composition

6.4 Evaluation of a Product or Service

• Evaluate a Hotel or Bed and Breakfast. Recommended evaluation criteria: quality of service; flexibility of check-in and check-out times; cleanliness; location; value for money; wi-fi strength; noise levels at night; quality of meals; value for money
• Evaluate a Restaurant. Recommended evaluation criteria: quality of service; menu choices; cleanliness; atmosphere; taste; value for money.
• Evaluate a Car. Recommended evaluation criteria: fuel efficiency; value for money; build quality; likelihood to break down; comfort.
• Evaluate a House. Recommended evaluation criteria: value for money; build quality; roominess; location; access to public transport; quality of neighbourhood
• Evaluate a Doctor. Recommended evaluation criteria: Quality of service; knowledge; quality of equipment; reputation; value for money.
• Evaluate a Course. Recommended evaluation criteria: value for money; practical advice; quality of teaching; quality of resources provided.

7. Concluding Advice

Evaluation essays are common in high school, college and university.

The trick for getting good marks in an evaluation essay is to show you have looked at both the pros and cons before making a final evaluation analysis statement.

You don’t want to look biased.

That’s why it’s a good idea to use an objective evaluation criteria, and to be generous in looking at both positives and negatives of your subject.

Read Also: 39 Better Ways to Write ‘In Conclusion’ in an Essay

I recommend you use the evaluation template provided in this post to write your evaluation essay. However, if your teacher has given you a template, of course use theirs instead! You always want to follow your teacher’s advice because they’re the person who will be marking your work.

Good luck with your evaluation essay!

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Self-Actualization Examples (Maslow's Hierarchy)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Forest Schools Philosophy & Curriculum, Explained!
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Montessori's 4 Planes of Development, Explained!
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Montessori vs Reggio Emilia vs Steiner-Waldorf vs Froebel

2 thoughts on “7 Steps for How to Write an Evaluation Essay (Example & Template)”

What an amazing article. I am returning to studying after several years and was struggling with how to present an evaluative essay. This article has simplified the process and provided me with the confidence to tackle my subject (theoretical approaches to development and management of teams).

I just wanted to ask whether the evaluation criteria has to be supported by evidence or can it just be a list of criteria that you think of yourself to objectively measure?

Many many thanks for writing this!

Usually we would want to see evidence, but ask your teacher for what they’re looking for as they may allow you, depending on the situation.

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Product Analysis

Ai generator.

A product analysis can be used in various manners—from product design development up to actual product sales improvement. Aside from the different purposes of implementing a product analysis , there are also a number of entities who can execute this process depending on their intentions. Learning the basics of product analysis creation is very important as it can help you focus on the essential factors and elements that must be included in the document that you will be making. Just like when developing a policy analysis where  policy analysis template examples  are used, we also recommend you to use templates and other references if you plan to come up with your own product analysis.

• New Product Financial Analysis Examples – PDF
• Cost Analysis Examples – PDF

We put together a number of product analysis examples in PDF that you can use as guides in relation to formatting your product analysis and creating the flow of the information for your discussion. Make sure to check and browse through these examples. More so, download any or all of them as long as you think that they are relevant in the development of the product analysis document that you plan to have. You may also see  internal audit SWOT analysis .

19+ Product Analysis Examples

1. product analysis report template.

• Google Docs

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2. Product Market Analysis Template

3. Product SWOT Analysis Template

Size: A4 & US

4. Product Cost Analysis Template

5. Product Competitive Analysis Template

6. Simple Product Cost Analysis Template

7. Product Management Competitive Analysis

8. Product Quality Checklist Template

9. Product Analysis Example

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10. Product Market Analysis Template

11. Product Analysis Example

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12. New Product Analysis and Decision Model Example

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13. Product Line Analysis Example

Size: 217 KB

14. Product Line Analysis for Practitioners Example

Size: 222 KB

Product Analysis:

15. learning to model observations as products of hidden variables example.

Size: 122 KB

16. Analysis of Product Design for Product and Service Systems Example

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Design and Technology:

17. materials for product design assessment or analysis example.

Size: 969 KB

Product Recovery:

18. analysis and clarification of the terminology used in academia and industry example.

19. Development and Analysis of Product Design Principles Example

20. Supply Market Analysis for Service and Product Life Cycle Development Example

Size: 405 KB

Factors to Consider When Making a Product Analysis

The quality and performance of a product can affect not only the perception of the customers or clients with regards your offer but also the credibility of your business. This is the reason why you have to ensure that you will come up with a product that has undergone product assessment, quality control, and overall evaluation. There are different items that you have to look into if you want to ensure that the product that you will release is at par with the quality standards of your company. Some of the most important factors that you need to consider if you plan to start making a product analysis include the following:

1. One of your main focus must be your systems engineering. The overall product development cycle must adhere to the quality demands of the business, the requirements for cost and financial resource usage, as well as the ability of the product to perform based on the needs and expectations of your target audience. Looking into these things can help your product analysis to present items for development and areas for improvement which can make the product a more added value to your organization. You may also see  hospital SWOT analysis

2. List down all the features of the product especially those that are the key points for product sales . You have to identify the ability of the actual product to deliver its claims so you can ensure that there will be higher chances of satisfaction from your target audience.

3. It is imperative for you to break down the product into its minute details. Have different areas for observation. You have to ensure that the quality of all the raw materials and/or components that are put together for the product to be developed are evaluated accordingly. This will help you become more confident when it comes to your product presentation. You may also see statement analysis examples .

4. Know the process behind the costing of the product. You have to make sure that you can justify the amount that you would like the product to sell for. Consider the materials used for the product as well as the comparison of the product’s price to that of the range of other products of the same kind available in the market. The scope of product price analysis will depend on the scope of your overall product analysis plan so it can either just focus on the item itself or it can also follow the latter discussion in which your product price can be compared to the product price of your competitors. You may also like investment analysis examples .

5. Know the value of the product and evaluate whether it is worth the effort, time, and resources that the business will exert for its development. You have to highlight value engineering processes which can help you to prepare alternatives or backups when it comes to the strategies, tactics, and techniques that you can use for product creation and continuous production. Reducing costs with the help of the alternatives that you have listed while helping the business increase its potential and actual profits can help the product become more relevant and your operations more sustainable. You may also check out company analysis examples .

A product analysis, like a  performance analysis report , must be created based on the needs of your business. Hence, you have to develop a document that is specifically usable for the identification of the factors and elements of the product that you would like to study. Any of the information listed above can be deleted or altered based on its relevant to the actual product analysis that you are making.

Who Conducts a Product Analysis?

Since there are a variety of ways on how a product analysis can be used, there are also a number of entities who can create this document to help them be knowledgeable or be aware of the information that they would like to know about a particular product. The same goes when developing a  retail SWOT analysis  as there are also different kinds of retail businesses who offer items that are different from one another. Here are a few of the entities who conduct a product analysis:

1. Potential buyers can conduct their own product analysis before buying the product offered to them by a business. This will help them ensure that the money that they will use for the product is worth it. Most potential buyers use the brochure or any marketing material that promotes the product when developing an analysis. Since these tools or materials are from the business itself, it will be easier for the possible customers or clients to relate the product and its claims to their activities and/or needs. You may also see critical analysis examples .

2. Existing or current clients of the business can also come up with a product analysis. This is commonly done if a product that the client has been using for a long period of time has been improved, developed, or updated may it be in packaging or formulation. You may also see decision tree analysis examples .

3. During the product planning, testing, development, and post-release processes, establishments or companies usually do a product analysis towards their own products. This is to ensure that they are fully aware of the performance of their product and that the quality of the released items are based on their plans and expectations. The results of the product analysis can also be used to further improve the development of new products in the future. You may also like project analysis examples .

4. Competitors can create an analysis of your products. Marketing, operations, and product development managers usually compose a team that will evaluate the products of their competition. Through this, they can list down all the competitive advantage of other businesses and they can develop new ways on how the market can be convinced or persuaded to choose their products against those from their competition.

5. There are instances where a product analysis is done by third parties whose main intentions are either to review the product for insights and recommendation purposes or to provide the business the analysis that it needs as a part of a business transaction. Bloggers and influencers use their platforms when showcasing the results of the analysis that they have made out of the product that they reviewed while consultants provide a more formal report to the business who manufactured or made the product. You may also see how to prepare a financial statement analysis .

What Product Elements or Characteristics Are Included in a Product Analysis?

A part of your businesses successes comes from you being prepared to face challenges, risks, threats, trials, and opportunities. Your preparation should include the development of different kinds of corporate documents like a  market analysis business plan  and a product analysis that can help you assess your current business condition as well as to layout your strategies, call-to-actions, and tactics for future operations. All the documents that you will come up with must be precise, detailed, and comprehensive so you can benefit from their usage accordingly.

A product analysis, as an example, should contain all the elements and factors that can give an idea about the in-depth description of the product and how it can be useful for your target audience as well as to the sales and branding of the business . Some of the information that can be seen in a basic product analysis include the following:

• The date when you have manufactured the product
• The date when the product analysis has been made
• The name of the person who conducted the product analysis. You might be interested in needs analysis examples .
• The purpose of the product analysis
• The instructions for product evaluation. You may also see requirements analysis examples
• The goals and objectives that you would like to achieve after the product analysis
• The specific information that you would like to know about the product. You may also see operational analysis examples .
• The criteria, metrics, and measures that have been used to analyze the product at hand
• The ergonomics involved in the product analysis which entails the suitability of the product to the needs of the target audience
• The price of the product and the evaluation on whether it is appropriate and justifiable when compared to cost of production. You may also see impact analysis examples .
• The overall aesthetic and quality of the product that you offer to your market
• The methods of product development and/or construction. You may also like sales analysis examples .
• The safety features and/or promises of the product once used by your customers
•  If applicable to the nature of your business, the requirements and expectations of the customers when it comes to the actual product that you need to deliver. You may also see free analysis examples .
• The materials that you have used for the product to be completed
• If necessary, the recommendations and/or comments that you have toward the product which can help the business for the product’s development. You may also check out risk analysis examples .

Again, not all product analysis documents are the same. Feel free to change any information listed above if you think that they do not fit the needs of your own product analysis discussion and presentation.

Tips to Help You Come Up with an Impressive Product Analysis

Are you ready to create and implement an analysis of the product of your business? Some of the tips that you can use as your guides and references once you are already in the process of developing a product analysis include the following:

• Develop a  professional SWOT analysis  that can help you identify not only the strengths but also the weaknesses of your products. For product analysis with larger scopes of usages, the opportunities and threats that the product can bring to your business must also be reviewed in a more in-depth manner.
• Ensure that your product analysis is based on real information. Do not cover any lapses or shortcomings as it can only weaken the document’s usage especially when it comes to showcasing areas for improvement and growth. You may also check out factor analysis examples .
• Make the product analysis document concise and direct to the point. Ensure that the document is understandable so that your target audience can relate to your discussion.

The downloadable examples available in this post can help you develop a thorough and presentable product analysis. Start downloading any of these examples and incorporate them in the procedures that you will follow once you begin the creation of the particular product analysis that you need. You may also like regression analysis examples .

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How to Write the Perfect Process Analysis Essay (With a Sample Essay)

A process analysis essay is a kind of expository essay that explains the process or actions someone needs to take to complete a task. You can think of it like a recipe, stating all of the necessary ingredients and steps, allowing the reader to follow along in logical order.

A process analysis essay can be written about a wide scope of topics, from highly technical processes to cleaning and organizing your closet. Writing a process analysis essay forces you to slow down and consider every tool and step involved in completing a task, and then explain what's needed in logical order for your reader to do the same.

Format of a process analysis essay

For this type of essay assignment, you will not be following the traditional five-paragraph essay outline. There is still an introduction and body to your essay, but your conclusion is more like the "analysis" part and the essay will end when you've completed explaining the steps involved in a process. Below, we'll break down exactly what should be included in each of these parts. Also keep in mind that you can still create an outline before beginning writing your process analysis essay, although it might look more like a list of bullet points rather than a traditional five-paragraph essay outline.

Introduction

The introduction to your process analysis essay will include information about the process you are analyzing and why it is important. This will likely be the shortest part of your essay. If there is a unique history to the process you'll be analyzing, the introduction is where you might mention that. You basically want to use this paragraph as a brief introduction to your reader of 1) what process you'll be analyzing and 2) how or why that process might be useful information to know.

The body of your process analysis essay will mention any prerequisites, materials, or instruments needed to complete the process. It should also mention any risks or warnings involved that are relevant to the process. It's important to include everything that the reader will need to complete the process, and even extra tools that might help the process go smoother but are not necessary. For example, in the sample process analysis essay provided below on how to make apple butter, I included a spoon to stir the butter as part of the list of tools that will be needed. Additionally, I mentioned that a food processor will make the apple butter cook better and have a more butter-like consistency, but it's not necessary to have as a tool to cook apple butter.

Following these sections, you'll write the actual process in sequential order required to complete the task. Make sure you include transitional words within and between paragraphs, as these are required to show the sequence of the process in logical order. Your analysis will likely be across several paragraphs, so make sure each paragraph describes a separate part of the process to avoid confusion for your reader.

Sample process analysis essay

To show you how a process analysis essay might look, we've provided a sample essay that includes the separate sections discussed above. Notice that the introduction paragraph is short, providing basic information about the process that will be discussed, while the remaining paragraphs are longer and more detailed.

Sample essay

Apple butter is similar to apple sauce but is different in that it is highly concentrated and used more often as a butter-like topping on bread or crackers. It's cooked long and slow, allowing the sugar in the apples to caramelize and turn it a deep brown color.

To make apple butter, you will need a slow cooker, food processor, cutting board, peeling knife, large spoon, apples, sugar, and spices for the desired flavoring (usually cinnamon and nutmeg). You might also want to use an apple slicer, which cuts down on the preparation time. Note that when you begin cooking your apple butter, the more minced the peeled apples are, the smoother the final product will be. If you want your apple butter to have a true butter-like consistency, mince the apples well in the food processor before cooking.

Now, let's look at the process of cooking apple butter. To begin, prepare a large, clean space for cutting and processing the apples. Five to six cups of fresh apples will likely only result in a few cups (at most) of apple butter, so depending on how much butter you want to make, you could be peeling and preparing apples for several hours. Each apple will need to be sliced, peeled, and minced in a food processor for maximum butter-like consistency.

Next, add the minced apples to a slow cooker and place the slow cooker on "high". You will notice that the top of the mixture is watery, once the larger pieces settle. Add sugar and spices until you reach the taste you want for the apple butter. Keep in mind that apples vary in sweetness, depending on what type of apple you are using, and sugar can be added slowly throughout the cooking process. Be careful not to add too much sugar at first, as the butter will get sweeter as the apples cook down. In fact, you might even choose to not at sugar at all at this stage of the cooking process, especially if you want a final product that is not too sweet. The spices can also be added as the apple butter cooks or not at all (if that's your preference). Be sure to stir every 10-15 minutes during the first hour as the apple butter is cooking on high and let it cook uncovered.

After one hour of cooking on high, turn the slow cooker to low and cover it. Depending on the type of apple you have used, it should cook for 8-10 hours, until there is no water left at the top and around the sides of the slow cooker. During this slow cooking time, stir occasionally (once per hour should be fine). This is also when the apple butter makes your kitchen smell amazing!

Finally, when the apple butter has reached the consistency and taste you want, remove it from the slow cooker. If you choose to can the apple butter, you can do that immediately or keep the apple butter in the refrigerator until you are able to can it.

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Home » Product Analysis: Types, Methods, and Examples

Product Analysis: Types, Methods, and Examples

This article covers:

What is Product Analysis?

What is product analysis in design and technology, why is product analysis necessary, examining the difference between product screening and product analysis, what is the difference between customer analysis and product analysis, difference between ladle analysis and product analysis, product analysis methods, competitive product analysis, how to write a product analysis report, product analysis example.

When it comes to making products , there’s no room for guesswork.

The market is filled with products that somehow surprisingly fit the exact need of the user . Moreover, most of these do what the company claims, and some thoroughly fail their product delivery .

All of this is the result of product analysis.

Product analysis helps us understand the product down to the T. From manufacturing units to economic costs, utility, services, design, and technology up to its USP .

In this article, let’s understand what product analysis is and why it is necessary to create successful products.

Let’s get started!

Product analysis is “the process of gathering, defining, and analyzing data about a product or service to make better decisions.”

To create products that fit the needs of your target market , you need to have a clear understanding of what those needs are. 

This is where product analysis comes in.

Through product analysis, you can understand the following about a product:

• The product design
• How it is made
• Its component parts
• The manufacturing process
• The costs involved in making the product
• Its utility and usefulness
• The design of the product
• The technology used in making the product
• The product marketing
• Its unique selling proposition
• Competitive analysis .

By understanding all of these aspects of a product, you can make better decisions about how to create and market the product.

Product analysis is not just limited to physical products, though. It can also be used for services, websites, and even software or SaaS .

Product analysis aims to understand as much as possible about a product so that informed decisions can be made.

Product analysis is not just limited to business and economic factors.

It can also be used in the design and technology of products.

A product designer uses product analysis to help understand how well the product meets your customers’ needs.

You Can Use Product Analysis To Evaluate Things Like:

• The usability of your product
• The ergonomics of your product
• The aesthetic appeal of your product
• The durability of your product

By understanding these factors, you can make decisions about how to improve the user experience and implement the customer’s needs into your product roadmap . 

In technology, product analysis helps you understand the feasibility of your product.

You Can Use It To Assess Things Like:

• How well your product meets customer needs
• The complexity of your product
• The cost of manufacturing your product
• The time it will take to develop and deploy your product
• The demand for the features v/s the capacity of your engineering team.
• The prioritization of certain features over others.

By understanding these factors, you can make decisions about how to improve the technology of your product.

Now that we know what product analysis is, let’s look at why it’s so necessary for any product team .

Product Analysis Is Necessary as It Allows You To Understand the Target Market for Your Product.

You can’t create a product that people will want to buy if you don’t know what they want. Product analysis helps you figure out the needs and wants of your target market.

This is essential to creating a successful product.

Product Analysis Is Also Necessary Because It Allows You To Understand Your Competition.

To create a successful product, you need to know what your competition is doing. Product analysis helps you understand the strengths and weaknesses of your competition.

This knowledge will help you make decisions about improving upon their products and give you an edge in the market.

Product Analysis Is Necessary as It Allows You To Understand the Costs Associated With Making and Selling Your Product.

In case you are unaware of how much it costs to make a product, you won’t be able to deal with it for a profit. Product analysis helps you understand all of the costs involved in creating and selling a product.

This information is essential to make decisions about pricing and profitability.

Product Analysis Is Also Necessary Because It Allows You To Understand the Risks Associated With Making and Selling Your Product.

There are always risks involved in any new product. Product analysis helps you identify and assess those risks to make informed decisions about your product strategy .

Product analysis is also necessary because it helps you understand the potential of your product lifecycle .

Not all products are equally created, and some have more potential for growth than others. Product analysis helps you identify which products have the most potential and decide how to best capitalize on that potential.

There are many reasons why product analysis is necessary, and these are just a few of the most important ones.

Product analysis is an essential part of any product team’s work and should be given the attention it deserves.

One of the most fundamental reasons product analysis is crucial is because it helps you understand how well your product will compete in the market. This is called competitive product analysis.

We will cover that in more detail in our product analysis methods.

A lot of times, product managers and product owners use various terms interchangeably with product analysis.

Other processes help you gain insight into your product, but they shouldn’t be used identically.

Here’s a distinction between some significant processes.

Product screening is identifying products that meet a particular set of criteria.

This could include products that have a specific feature , are in a certain price range, or meet some other requirement.

Screening helps you narrow down your options and focus on the products that are most likely to be successful.

On the other hand, product analysis is the process of studying a product to understand its strengths and weaknesses.

Analysis helps you understand how well a product will meet your customers’ needs and what improvements can be made.

Customer analysis is studying your target market to understand their needs and wants.

The information is then used to decide what features to include in your product and how to market it .

The best product management software like Chisel helps you in understanding your target market efficiently.

As you can see, product analysis is just one piece of the puzzle for developing a successful product.

But it’s an important piece and one that should not be overlooked.

If you want to create a product that meets your customers’ needs, you need to analyze what they want as well as how to deliver it. 

Ladle analysis is studying the metal content of a sample to understand its composition.

This information is then used to decide how to best use the metal.

We’ve already learned that assessing a product and determining its strengths and flaws is known as product analysis.

Product analysis aims to help you determine how well a product will fulfill your users’ demands and what modifications may be made.

As you can see, many different types of analyses can be done on a product,  and cloud scraping has emerged as a valuable tool to gather extensive data about a product’s performance and user feedback.

Each one provides valuable information that can be used to make decisions about the product.

Product analysis is essential because it helps you understand your product and how to make it better when it comes down to it.

Without product analysis, you would be flying blind and making decisions based on guesswork.

So now that we know what product analysis is and why it’s important let’s look at some of the different methods used.

Several product analysis methods help you understand a product in detail.

Here are the most popular product analysis methods to get you started:

• SWOT analysis
• Value chain analysis
• PESTLE analysis
• Business model canvas
• Competitive product analysis

To understand which method to adopt, it is essential to know each.

The KJ method is a popular technique used to help understand a product.

It’s also known as the Affinity Diagram , and it’s often used in product design and development.

The KJ method is a way of organizing information by grouping it into categories.

This can be done by brainstorming with a group and then sorting the information into groups.

The advantage of using the KJ method is that it helps you see patterns and relationships between ideas.

It can also help you find solutions to problems.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is another standard product analysis tool. It’s also known as the TOWS matrix .

SWOT implies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

The SWOT matrix can help you make decisions about what to do next.

It can also help you understand how your competitors operate.

The advantage of using SWOT analysis is that it helps you understand a product by looking at its positive and negative aspects.

Value Chain Analysis

The value chain analysis method is used to understand the activities that a company performs to create value for its customers .

It includes all the stages, from acquiring raw materials to delivering the finished product to the customer .

The advantage of using this analysis is that it helps you see how your company creates value for its customers and where there are opportunities for improvement.

It’s also known as the value chain model .

PESTLE Analysis

PESTLE analysis is another popular product analysis tool, and it’s also known as the PESTEL framework .

PESTLE stands for the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors.

This type of analysis is used to understand the external factors that can impact a product. This can help you make decisions about things outside your scope and how to work your way around them.

Business Model Canvas

The business model canvas is an element used to help businesses understand their products. It’s a way of visualizing a company’s business model .

The advantage of this is that it helps you understand how a product works and what it needs to succeed.

And most importantly, let’s discuss competitive product analysis.

Competitive product analysis is studying your competitors and their products to understand how well they meet the needs of their customers.

You can learn a lot from the competitor’s products, including:

• What features are included in their product
• How well do those features meet customer needs
• How competitive the pricing is for their product
• What marketing strategies they’re using
• How successful they have been so far

Understanding all of this information about your competition, you can decide how to improve their products and provide yourself an edge in the market.

Why Is a Competitive Product Analysis Critical?

A competitive product analysis is crucial because it allows you to understand the strengths and weaknesses of your competition.

To do a competitive product analysis, you need to gather data about your competitor’s products.

This data can come from various sources:

• Product reviews
• Industry reports
• Company websites
• Social media platforms
• Online forums
• Competitor product packaging

To stay competitive online, it’s essential to study your competitors’ strategies on various digital platforms, including their approach to keyword research, content creation, and backlink building, to understand how they promote their products. Using tools like SE Ranking analyze your competitors’ top pages and traffic to gain valuable insights into what brought them the best results.

Once you have gathered this data, you need to analyze it and identify your competitor’s products’ key strengths and weaknesses.

Then, you need to create a strategy for how you can capitalize on your competitor’s weaknesses and improve upon their products.

There are many ways to do a competitive product analysis. Still, the most essential part is to make sure that you are gathering accurate data about your competitor’s products.

Keep in mind to use reliable sources to make informed decisions about your product strategy.

Each product analysis method has its own unique advantages that can help you understand a product better.

So, which methods should you use? It actually depends on your specific goals and needs.

Suppose you’re trying to understand the overall strengths and weaknesses. In that case, SWOT or business model canvas might be an excellent place to start.

Suppose you’re trying to understand how a product fits into the larger market landscape. In that case, PESTLE or competitor analysis might be more helpful.

There is no one-size-fits-all answer for product analysis.

The important thing is to experiment with different techniques and see what works best for you and your team.

So far, this was all theoretical. Once you have chosen what product analysis method you will employ, it is essential to write down your complete product analysis in a best-fitting manner. For example, if you’re analyzing a software product, incorporating insights from performance testing can significantly enhance the depth and relevance of your analysis.

And how do you do that?

A product analysis report is a document that describes a product and its features and how it benefits the customer.

The report should be well-organized and easy to read, with sections that cover all of the crucial aspects of the product.

Below is an outline of what should be included in a product analysis report:

This is obviously the title of your product analysis. A straightforward one, for that matter.

Table of Contents

This section includes all of the different areas and subsections of your report. It helps the reader navigate through the document and find the information they’re looking for quickly and easily.

Executive Summary

It is a brief overview of the product analysis report. It should include the most essential information from each report section, such as the product’s features, benefits, and market opportunity.

This section is often written last after the rest of the report has been completed.

This section should outline the different methods used to analyze the product.

It should include a description of the collected data and how it was used to analyze the product.

Product Overview and Description

This section should provide a detailed description of the product, including its features, benefits, and unique selling points.

It should also outline how the product fits into the larger market landscape.

How the Product Meets Customer Needs?

This section should outline how the product meets the needs of the customer.

It should include a description of the target user and information about what needs the product meets.

Pricing and Availability

This section should include information about the product’s price and availability.

This means that here you outline the estimated price ranges of the product with the best-suited price. You also include where and when your product will be made available to the user.

It should also outline any promotions or discounts that are currently or plan to be made available.

Marketing Strategies

This section should outline the different product marketing strategies used to promote the product. This could include  content creation , email marketing, social media and more.

It should include a description of the target market and information about how the product will reach them.

Sales and Distribution Channels should describe how the product will be sold and distributed to customers.

Successful Applications of the Product

This section should provide examples of how the product has been successfully used in the past or during testing.

It can include case studies, customer testimonials, or other forms of social proof.

Competitors’ Products and How They Compare

This section should provide a detailed description of the competition and how their products compare to yours.

It should include information about what the competition offers and how your product is better (or worse).

It is best to summarize a SWOT analysis of the competition here.

Recommendations

This section should provide recommendations for how to improve the product.

It can include recommendations for changes to the product and suggestions for how to better market or sell it.

This is where you would outline any areas that need improvement and provide solutions for how to fix them.

This section provides a summary of the product analysis report.It should highlight the most critical findings from the report and outline what actions should be taken based on those findings.

It includes information about what was learned from the product analysis and what can be done to improve it in the future. Phew! That’s a lot of data, innit? How about we put all of this information to use? Let’s take a hypothetical product analysis example.

You are the product analyst for a new fitness tracker that has recently hit the market.

Your task is to provide a detailed report on the product, including its strengths and weaknesses, and compare it to similar products.

To do this, you will have to use various product analysis methods.

• Data Collection

The first step in any product analysis is data collection .

For our fitness tracker example, we will need to collect data about the product itself and how it is being used by customers.

This data can be collected through surveys, interviews, focus groups , or even by observing people using the product.

• Product Testing

Another critical step in product analysis is product testing .

This involves putting the product through its paces to see how it performs in different scenarios.

For our fitness tracker example, you might test how well it tracks activity, monitors heart rate, and records data.

You might also test how water-resistant or durable the product is.

• Competitive Analysis

The next step is competitive analysis.

In this stage, you compare your product to similar products.

For our fitness tracker example, you would compare it to other trackers on the market and health apps and wearable devices.

You would then outline what features the fitness tracker offers that are not available on other products.

• Financial Analysis

The final step in product analysis is financial analysis.

In this stage, you examine the cost of producing the product and its potential profitability.

You might look at how much revenue the product generates and how that compares to other products on the market.

This information can be used to recommend pricing, production, or marketing strategies .

And voila! There you have it. You have successfully conducted a product analysis example.

Product analysis is a vital tool for any product manager that wants to create or improve a product. It helps you understand the product and how it compares to similar products on the market.

It also helps you identify areas where the product can be improved. By using various methods, you can get a detailed picture of the product and its potential. So what are you waiting for? Get out there and start analyzing!

Try out Chisel’s free trial to get all your product management tools in one place for better product analysis!

More like this-

• Product Architecture – A Quick Guide
• Top 9 Product Analytics Tools for Product Teams
• What is Design Thinking? 5 stages, Advantages, FAQs.
• What is Product-Market Fit?
• What is product operations?
• What is product process matrix?

Crafting great product requires great tools. Try Chisel today, it's free forever.

How to Write an Analysis Essay: Examples + Writing Guide

An analysis / analytical essay is a standard assignment in college or university. You might be asked to conduct an in-depth analysis of a research paper, a report, a movie, a company, a book, or an event. In this article, you’ll find out how to write an analysis paper introduction, thesis, main body, and conclusion, and analytical essay example.

So, what is an analytical essay? This type of assignment implies that you set up an argument and analyze it using a range of claims. The claims should be supported by appropriate empirical evidence. Note that you need to explore both the positive and negative sides of the issue fully.

Analytical skills are the key to getting through your academic career. Moreover, they can be useful in many real-life situations. Keep reading this article by Custom-writing experts to learn how to write an analysis!

❓ What Is an Analytical Essay?

• 🤔 Getting Started

📑 Analytical Essay Outline

• 📔 Choosing a Title
• 💁 Writing an Introduction
• 🏋 Writing a Body
• 🏁 Writing a Conclusion

🔗 References

Before you learn how to start an analysis essay, you should understand some fundamentals of writing this type of paper. It implies that you analyze an argument using a range of claims supported by facts . It is essential to understand that in your analysis essay, you’ll need to explore the negative sides of the issue and the positive ones. That’s what distinguishes an analytical essay from, say, a persuasive one.

These are the steps to write an academic paper :

• Review the literature . Before starting any paper, you should familiarize yourself with what has already been written in the field. And the analytical essay is no exception. The easiest way is to search on the web for the information.
• Brainstorm ideas. After you’ve done your search, it is time for a brainstorm! Make a list of topics for your analysis essay, and then choose the best one. Generate your thesis statement in the same way.
• Prepare an outline . Now, when you’ve decided on the topic and the thesis statement of your analytical essay, think of its structure. Below you will find more detailed information on how your paper should be structured.
• Write the first draft. You’ve done a lot of work by now. Congratulations! Your next goal is to write the first version of your analysis essay, using all the notes that you have. Remember, you don’t need to make it perfect!
• Polish your draft. Now take your time to polish and edit your draft to transform it into the paper’s final version.

You are usually assigned to analyze an article, a book, a movie, or an event. If you need to write your analytical essay on a book or an article, you’ll have to analyze the style of the text, its main points, and the author’s purported goals.

🤔 Analytical Essay: Getting Started

The key to writing an analysis paper is to choose an argument that you will defend throughout it. For example: maybe you are writing a critical analysis paper on George Orwell’s Animal Farm The first and imperative task is to think about your thesis statement. In the case of Animal Farm , the argument could be:

In Orwell’s Animal Farm , rhetoric and language prove to be more effective ways to keep social control than physical power.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gives a great explanation of the thesis statement , how to create one, and what its function is.

But that’s not all. Once you have your thesis statement, you need to break down how you will approach your analysis essay to prove your thesis. To do this, follow these steps:

• Define the main goal(s) of your analysis . Remember that it is impossible to address each and every aspect in a single paper. Know your goal and focus on it.
• Conduct research , both online and offline, to clarify the issue contained within your thesis statement.
• Identify the main parts of the issue by looking at each part separately to see how it works.
• Try to clearly understand how each part works.
• Identify the links between the various aspects of the topic .
• By using the information you found, try to solve your main problem .

At this point, you should have a clear understanding of both the topic and your thesis statement. You should also have a clear direction for your analysis paper firmly planted in your mind and recorded in writing.

This will give you what you need to produce the paper’s outline.

An outline is the starting point for your work. A typical analytical essay features the usual essay structure. A 500-word essay should consist of a one-paragraph introduction, a three-paragraph body, and a one-paragraph conclusion. Find below a great analytical essay outline sample. Feel free to use it as an example when doing your own work!

Analysis Essay: Introduction

• Start with a startling statement or provocative question.

“All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal”. Animal Farm abounds in ironic and provocative phrases to start an analytical essay.

• Introduce the work and its author.
• Give background information that would help the reader understand your opinion.
• Formulate a thesis statement informing the reader about the purpose of the essay. Essay format does not presuppose telling everything possible on the given topic. Thus, a thesis statement tells what you are going to say, implying what you will not discuss, establishing the limits.

In Animal Farm, Orwell uses different irony types to ridicule totalitarianism to manifest its inability to make every member of society equal and happy.

Analysis Essay: Body

The analytical essay structure requires 2-3 developmental paragraphs, each dedicated to one separate idea confirming your thesis statement. The following template should be used for each of the body paragraphs.

• Start with a topic sentence that supports an aspect of your thesis.

Dramatic irony is used in Animal Farm to point out society’s ignorance.

• Continue with textual evidence (paraphrase, summary, direct quotations, specific details). Use several examples that substantiate the topic sentence.

Animals are unaware of the fact that Boxer was never sent to the hospital. He was sent to the slaughterhouse. However, the reader and writer understand that this is a lie.

• Conclude with an explanation.

By allowing the readers to learn some essential facts before the characters, dramatic irony creates suspense and shows how easy it is to persuade and manipulate the public.

Analysis Essay Conclusion

The next four points will give you a short instruction on how to conclude an analytical essay.

• Never use new information or topics here.
• Restate your thesis in a different formulation.
• Summarize the body paragraphs.
• Comment on the analyzed text from a new perspective.

📔 Choosing a Title for Your Analysis Essay

Choosing a title seems like not a significant step, but it is actually very important. The title of your critical analysis paper should:

• Entice and engage the reader
• Be unique and capture the readers’ attention
• Provide an adequate explanation of the content of the essay in just a few carefully chosen words

In the Animal Farm example, your title could be:

“How Do the Pigs Manage to Keep Social Control on Animal Farm?”

Analysis Essay Topics

• Analyze the media content.
• Analyze the specifics and history of hip-hop culture.  
• Sociological issues in the film Interstellar .
• Discuss the techniques M. Atwood uses to describe social issues in her novel The Handmaid’s Tale .
• Compare and analyze the paintings of Van Gogh and George Seurat.
• Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Black Cat . 
• Examine the juvenile crime rates.  
• Describe the influence of different parenting styles on children’s mind.
• Analyze the concept of the Ship of Theseus .
• Compare and analyze the various views on intelligence .
• Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman .
• Discuss the techniques used by W. Shakespeare in A Midsummer Night’s Dream . 
• Analyze the biography of Frederic Chopin .
• Manifestation of the Chicano culture in the artwork An Ofrenda for Dolores del Rio .
• Similarities and differences of Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Spanish Empires .
• Describe the problem of stalking and its impact on human mental health.
• Examine the future of fashion .
• Analyze the topicality of the article Effectiveness of Hand Hygiene Interventions in Reducing Illness Absence .
• Discuss Thomas Paine’s impact on the success of American revolution.
• Meaningful messages in Recitatif by Toni Morrison .
• Explore the techniques used by directors in the film Killing Kennedy .  
• Compare the leadership styles of Tang Empress Wu Zetian and the Pharaoh Cleopatra .
• Evaluate the credibility of Kristof’s arguments in his article Remote Learning Is Often an Oxymoron.
• Analyze genetically modified food. 
• Examine the influence of Europeans on Indian tribes in The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson .
• Describe the rhetoric techniques used in The Portrait of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde .
• The importance of fighting against violence in communities in the documentary film The Interrupters .
• Analyze indoor and outdoor pollution. 
• Analyze the issue of overprotective parenthood .
• Explore the connection between eating habits and advertisement.
• Discuss the urgence of global warming issue.  
• Influence of sleep on people’s body and mental health.
• Analyze the relationship between Christianity and sports .
• Discuss the concept of leadership and its significance for company efficiency. 
• Analyze the key lessons of the book Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki.  
• Examine the specifics of nursing ethic.  
• The theme of emotional sufferings in the short story A Rose for Emily .  
• Analysis of bias in books for children .
• Analyze the rhetoric of the article Public Monuments .
• Describe the main messages in Jean-Paul Sartre’s Nausea .
• Explore the problem of structural racism in healthcare.
• The reasons of tango dance popularity.  
• The shortcomings of the American educational system in Waiting for Superman.
• Analyze and compare Erin’s Law and Megan’s Law. 
• Analyze the James Madison’s essay Federalist 10 .
• Examine symbols in the movie The Joker.   
• Compare the thematic connection and stylistic devices in the poems The Road Not Taken and Find Your Way . 
• Describe and analyze the life of Eddie Bernice Johnson.
• Explore the social classes in America. 
• Crucial strengths and weaknesses of the main translation theories .

💁 Writing Your Analytical Essay Introduction

You must understand how to compose an introduction to an analysis paper. The University of Wollongong describes the introduction as a “map” of any writing. When writing the introduction, follow these steps:

• Provide a lead-in for the reader by offering a general introduction to the topic of the paper.
• Include your thesis statement , which shifts the reader from the generalized introduction to the specific topic and its related issues to your unique take on the essay topic.
• Present a general outline of the analysis paper.

Watch this great video for further instructions on how to write an introduction to an analysis essay.

Example of an Analytical Essay Introduction

“Four legs good, two legs bad” is one of the many postulates invented by George Orwell for his characters in Animal Farm to vest them with socialist ideology and control over the animal population. The social revolution on Manor Farm was built on language instruments, first for the collective success of the animals, and later for the power consolidation by the pigs. The novel was written in 1945 when the transition from limitless freedoms of socialist countries transformed into dictatorship. Through his animal protagonists, the author analyzes the reasons for peoples’ belief in the totalitarian regime. In Orwell’s Animal Farm , rhetoric and language prove to be more effective ways to keep social control than physical power.

🏋 Writing Your Analytical Essay Body

The body of the paper may be compared to its heart. This is the part where you show off your talent for analysis by providing convincing, well-researched, and well-thought-out arguments to support your thesis statement. You have already gathered the information, and now all you may start crafting your paper.

To make the body of an analytical essay, keep the following in mind:

• Discuss one argument per paragraph , although each argument can relate to multiple issues
• Strike a balance between writing in an unbiased tone, while expressing your personal opinion
• Be reasonable when making judgments regarding any of the problems you discuss
• Remember to include the opposing point of view to create a balanced perspective

The bottom line is: you want to offer opposing views, but you must pose your arguments so they will counter those opposing views and prove your point of view. Follow these steps when constructing each body paragraph:

• Choose the main sentence. The main or topic sentence will be the first line in your essay. The topic sentence is responsible for presenting the argument you will discuss in the paragraph and demonstrate how this argument relates to the thesis statement.
• Provide the context for the topic sentence , whether it relates to a quote, a specific incident in society, or something else. Offer evidence on who, what, where, when, why, and how.
• Give your analysis of the argument and how it adequately proves your thesis.
• Write a closing sentence that sums up the paragraph and provides a transition to the following paragraph.

Example of an Analytical Essay Body

Literacy can grant power, provided that there are animals who cannot read or write. In the beginning, the animals’ literacy and intellect are relatively the same. Old Major is the cleverest pig; he is the kind old philosopher, like Karl Marx or Vladimir Lenin. During his retirement, he develops a theory that all humans are the root of evil. His speech was the foundation for the pigs’ assumption of power. They refined his ideas into a new ideology and called it Animalism. They also learned how to read. It allowed the pigs to declare themselves the “mind workers.” Therefore, the pigs’ literacy assured the illiterate animals in their objective superiority.

Meanwhile, as the pigs were the intellectual elite, they were not supposed to work, which raised their social status by itself. Snowball tried to promote education among all the animals, but most of them failed to master the alphabet. This is a metaphor for the general public being predominantly ignorant and easy to manipulate. At the same time, Boxer and other animals that spend most of the day in hard work merely have no time to develop their intellect. Thus, the pigs’ intention to build a school for pig children was highly efficient. Unequal access to education and unequal ability to express one’s thoughts in perspective reinforce the social divide, making the pigs smarter and more powerful and undermining other animals’ self-esteem.

At this point, the pigs resort to propaganda and rhetoric. Squealer uses his oratorical gift to refine the pigs’ message to the other animals. Upon Napoleon’s order, he breaks the Seven Commandments of farm governance. At night, he climbs the ladder to change them, and once even falls from the ladder trying to change the commandment on alcohol. The “proletarian” animals soon forget what the Seven Commandments were like in the first place and are unsure if they have ever been altered. Further on, Minimus writes a poem praising Napoleon. Finally, Squealer replaces the Commandments with a single assertion: “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” Language is no longer used to convince. It is used to control and manipulate.

🏁 Writing Your Analytical Essay Conclusion

The conclusion is short and sweet. It summarizes everything you just wrote in the essay and wraps it up with a beautiful shiny bow. Follow these steps to write a convincing conclusion:

• Repeat the thesis statement and summarize your argument. Even when using the best summary generator for the task, reread it to make sure all the crucial points are included.
• Take your argument beyond what is simply stated in your paper. You want to show how it is essential in terms of the bigger picture. Also, you may dwell on the influence on citizens of the country.

Example of an Analytical Essay Conclusion

Because of everything mentioned above, it becomes clear that language and rhetoric can rise to power, establish authority, and manipulate ordinary people. Animal Farm is the simplified version of a communist society. It shows how wise philosophers’ good intentions can be used by mean leaders to gain unopposed power and unconditional trust. Unfortunately, this can lead to the death of many innocent animals, i.e., people, as totalitarianism has nothing to do with people’s rule. Therefore, language and oratory are potent tools that can keep people oppressed and weak, deprive them of any chance for improvement and growth, and make them think that there is no other possible existence.

Now you are ready to write an analysis essay! See, it’s easier than you thought.

Of course, it’s always helpful to see other analysis essay examples. The University of Arkansas at Little Rock provides some great examples of an analytical paper .

✏️ Analysis Essay FAQ

A great analytical paper should be well-structured, cohesive, and logically consistent. Each part of the essay should be in its place, creating a smooth and easy-to-read text. Most importantly, the statements should be objective and backed by arguments and examples.

It is a paper devoted to analyzing a certain topic or subject. An analysis essay is all about reviewing certain details of the subject and interpreting them. For example, such an analysis for a poem includes a description of artistic means that helped the poet convey the idea.

Writing an analytical essay on a book/movie/poem start with an outline. Point out what catches the eye when reviewing the subject. See how these details can be interpreted. Make sure that you refer to the main idea/message. Add an appropriate introduction and a logical conclusion.

Being more analytical in writing can be essential for a student. This is a skill that can be self-taught: try to start noticing subtle details and describe them. As you write, interpret the facts and strive to draw conclusions. Try to be as objective as possible.

• Elements of Analysis
• How Can I Create Stronger Analysis?
• How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay: Bucks.edu
• Essay Structure | – Harvard College Writing Center
• Analytical Writing: Looking Closely (Colostate.edu)
• Analytical Thesis Statements – University of Arizona
• Writing an analytic essay – UTSC – University of Toronto
• Organizing Your Analysis // Purdue Writing Lab
• How to Write an Analytical Essay: 15 Steps (with Pictures)
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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 5 steps to write a great analytical essay.

General Education

Do you need to write an analytical essay for school? What sets this kind of essay apart from other types, and what must you include when you write your own analytical essay? In this guide, we break down the process of writing an analytical essay by explaining the key factors your essay needs to have, providing you with an outline to help you structure your essay, and analyzing a complete analytical essay example so you can see what a finished essay looks like.

What Is an Analytical Essay?

Before you begin writing an analytical essay, you must know what this type of essay is and what it includes. Analytical essays analyze something, often (but not always) a piece of writing or a film.

An analytical essay is more than just a synopsis of the issue though; in this type of essay you need to go beyond surface-level analysis and look at what the key arguments/points of this issue are and why. If you’re writing an analytical essay about a piece of writing, you’ll look into how the text was written and why the author chose to write it that way. Instead of summarizing, an analytical essay typically takes a narrower focus and looks at areas such as major themes in the work, how the author constructed and supported their argument, how the essay used literary devices to enhance its messages, etc.

While you certainly want people to agree with what you’ve written, unlike with persuasive and argumentative essays, your main purpose when writing an analytical essay isn’t to try to convert readers to your side of the issue. Therefore, you won’t be using strong persuasive language like you would in those essay types. Rather, your goal is to have enough analysis and examples that the strength of your argument is clear to readers.

Besides typical essay components like an introduction and conclusion, a good analytical essay will include:

• A thesis that states your main argument
• Analysis that relates back to your thesis and supports it
• Examples to support your analysis and allow a more in-depth look at the issue

In the rest of this article, we’ll explain how to include each of these in your analytical essay.

How to Structure Your Analytical Essay

Analytical essays are structured similarly to many other essays you’ve written, with an introduction (including a thesis), several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Below is an outline you can follow when structuring your essay, and in the next section we go into more detail on how to write an analytical essay.

Introduction

Your introduction will begin with some sort of attention-grabbing sentence to get your audience interested, then you’ll give a few sentences setting up the topic so that readers have some context, and you’ll end with your thesis statement. Your introduction will include:

• Brief background information explaining the issue/text
• Your thesis

Body Paragraphs

Your analytical essay will typically have three or four body paragraphs, each covering a different point of analysis. Begin each body paragraph with a sentence that sets up the main point you’ll be discussing. Then you’ll give some analysis on that point, backing it up with evidence to support your claim. Continue analyzing and giving evidence for your analysis until you’re out of strong points for the topic. At the end of each body paragraph, you may choose to have a transition sentence that sets up what the next paragraph will be about, but this isn’t required. Body paragraphs will include:

• Introductory sentence explaining what you’ll cover in the paragraph (sort of like a mini-thesis)
• Analysis point
• Evidence (either passages from the text or data/facts) that supports the analysis
• (Repeat analysis and evidence until you run out of examples)

You won’t be making any new points in your conclusion; at this point you’re just reiterating key points you’ve already made and wrapping things up. Begin by rephrasing your thesis and summarizing the main points you made in the essay. Someone who reads just your conclusion should be able to come away with a basic idea of what your essay was about and how it was structured. After this, you may choose to make some final concluding thoughts, potentially by connecting your essay topic to larger issues to show why it’s important. A conclusion will include:

• Paraphrase of thesis
• Summary of key points of analysis
• Final concluding thought(s)

5 Steps for Writing an Analytical Essay

Follow these five tips to break down writing an analytical essay into manageable steps. By the end, you’ll have a fully-crafted analytical essay with both in-depth analysis and enough evidence to support your argument. All of these steps use the completed analytical essay in the next section as an example.

#1: Pick a Topic

You may have already had a topic assigned to you, and if that’s the case, you can skip this step. However, if you haven’t, or if the topic you’ve been assigned is broad enough that you still need to narrow it down, then you’ll need to decide on a topic for yourself. Choosing the right topic can mean the difference between an analytical essay that’s easy to research (and gets you a good grade) and one that takes hours just to find a few decent points to analyze

Before you decide on an analytical essay topic, do a bit of research to make sure you have enough examples to support your analysis. If you choose a topic that’s too narrow, you’ll struggle to find enough to write about.

For example, say your teacher assigns you to write an analytical essay about the theme in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath of exposing injustices against migrants. For it to be an analytical essay, you can’t just recount the injustices characters in the book faced; that’s only a summary and doesn’t include analysis. You need to choose a topic that allows you to analyze the theme. One of the best ways to explore a theme is to analyze how the author made his/her argument. One example here is that Steinbeck used literary devices in the intercalary chapters (short chapters that didn’t relate to the plot or contain the main characters of the book) to show what life was like for migrants as a whole during the Dust Bowl.

You could write about how Steinbeck used literary devices throughout the whole book, but, in the essay below, I chose to just focus on the intercalary chapters since they gave me enough examples. Having a narrower focus will nearly always result in a tighter and more convincing essay (and can make compiling examples less overwhelming).

#2: Write a Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement is the most important sentence of your essay; a reader should be able to read just your thesis and understand what the entire essay is about and what you’ll be analyzing. When you begin writing, remember that each sentence in your analytical essay should relate back to your thesis

In the analytical essay example below, the thesis is the final sentence of the first paragraph (the traditional spot for it). The thesis is: “In The Grapes of Wrath’s intercalary chapters, John Steinbeck employs a variety of literary devices and stylistic choices to better expose the injustices committed against migrants in the 1930s.” So what will this essay analyze? How Steinbeck used literary devices in the intercalary chapters to show how rough migrants could have it. Crystal clear.

#3: Do Research to Find Your Main Points

This is where you determine the bulk of your analysis--the information that makes your essay an analytical essay. My preferred method is to list every idea that I can think of, then research each of those and use the three or four strongest ones for your essay. Weaker points may be those that don’t relate back to the thesis, that you don’t have much analysis to discuss, or that you can’t find good examples for. A good rule of thumb is to have one body paragraph per main point

This essay has four main points, each of which analyzes a different literary device Steinbeck uses to better illustrate how difficult life was for migrants during the Dust Bowl. The four literary devices and their impact on the book are:

• Lack of individual names in intercalary chapters to illustrate the scope of the problem
• Parallels to the Bible to induce sympathy for the migrants
• Non-showy, often grammatically-incorrect language so the migrants are more realistic and relatable to readers
• Nature-related metaphors to affect the mood of the writing and reflect the plight of the migrants

#4: Find Excerpts or Evidence to Support Your Analysis

Now that you have your main points, you need to back them up. If you’re writing a paper about a text or film, use passages/clips from it as your main source of evidence. If you’re writing about something else, your evidence can come from a variety of sources, such as surveys, experiments, quotes from knowledgeable sources etc. Any evidence that would work for a regular research paper works here.

In this example, I quoted multiple passages from The Grapes of Wrath  in each paragraph to support my argument. You should be able to back up every claim you make with evidence in order to have a strong essay.

#5: Put It All Together

Now it's time to begin writing your essay, if you haven’t already. Create an introductory paragraph that ends with the thesis, make a body paragraph for each of your main points, including both analysis and evidence to back up your claims, and wrap it all up with a conclusion that recaps your thesis and main points and potentially explains the big picture importance of the topic.

Analytical Essay Example + Analysis

So that you can see for yourself what a completed analytical essay looks like, here’s an essay I wrote back in my high school days. It’s followed by analysis of how I structured my essay, what its strengths are, and how it could be improved.

One way Steinbeck illustrates the connections all migrant people possessed and the struggles they faced is by refraining from using specific titles and names in his intercalary chapters. While The Grapes of Wrath focuses on the Joad family, the intercalary chapters show that all migrants share the same struggles and triumphs as the Joads. No individual names are used in these chapters; instead the people are referred to as part of a group. Steinbeck writes, “Frantic men pounded on the doors of the doctors; and the doctors were busy.  And sad men left word at country stores for the coroner to send a car,” (555). By using generic terms, Steinbeck shows how the migrants are all linked because they have gone through the same experiences. The grievances committed against one family were committed against thousands of other families; the abuse extends far beyond what the Joads experienced. The Grapes of Wrath frequently refers to the importance of coming together; how, when people connect with others their power and influence multiplies immensely. Throughout the novel, the goal of the migrants, the key to their triumph, has been to unite. While their plans are repeatedly frustrated by the government and police, Steinbeck’s intercalary chapters provide a way for the migrants to relate to one another because they have encountered the same experiences. Hundreds of thousands of migrants fled to the promised land of California, but Steinbeck was aware that numbers alone were impersonal and lacked the passion he desired to spread. Steinbeck created the intercalary chapters to show the massive numbers of people suffering, and he created the Joad family to evoke compassion from readers.  Because readers come to sympathize with the Joads, they become more sensitive to the struggles of migrants in general. However, John Steinbeck frequently made clear that the Joads were not an isolated incident; they were not unique. Their struggles and triumphs were part of something greater. Refraining from specific names in his intercalary chapters allows Steinbeck to show the vastness of the atrocities committed against migrants.

Steinbeck also creates significant parallels to the Bible in his intercalary chapters in order to enhance his writing and characters. By using simple sentences and stylized writing, Steinbeck evokes Biblical passages. The migrants despair, “No work till spring. No work,” (556).  Short, direct sentences help to better convey the desperateness of the migrants’ situation. Throughout his novel, John Steinbeck makes connections to the Bible through his characters and storyline. Jim Casy’s allusions to Christ and the cycle of drought and flooding are clear biblical references.  By choosing to relate The Grapes of Wrath to the Bible, Steinbeck’s characters become greater than themselves. Starving migrants become more than destitute vagrants; they are now the chosen people escaping to the promised land. When a forgotten man dies alone and unnoticed, it becomes a tragedy. Steinbeck writes, “If [the migrants] were shot at, they did not run, but splashed sullenly away; and if they were hit, they sank tiredly in the mud,” (556). Injustices committed against the migrants become greater because they are seen as children of God through Steinbeck’s choice of language. Referencing the Bible strengthens Steinbeck’s novel and purpose: to create understanding for the dispossessed.  It is easy for people to feel disdain for shabby vagabonds, but connecting them to such a fundamental aspect of Christianity induces sympathy from readers who might have otherwise disregarded the migrants as so many other people did.

The simple, uneducated dialogue Steinbeck employs also helps to create a more honest and meaningful representation of the migrants, and it makes the migrants more relatable to readers. Steinbeck chooses to accurately represent the language of the migrants in order to more clearly illustrate their lives and make them seem more like real paper than just characters in a book. The migrants lament, “They ain’t gonna be no kinda work for three months,” (555). There are multiple grammatical errors in that single sentence, but it vividly conveys the despair the migrants felt better than a technically perfect sentence would. The Grapes of Wrath is intended to show the severe difficulties facing the migrants so Steinbeck employs a clear, pragmatic style of writing.  Steinbeck shows the harsh, truthful realities of the migrants’ lives and he would be hypocritical if he chose to give the migrants a more refined voice and not portray them with all their shortcomings. The depiction of the migrants as imperfect through their language also makes them easier to relate to. Steinbeck’s primary audience was the middle class, the less affluent of society. Repeatedly in The Grapes of Wrath , the wealthy make it obvious that they scorn the plight of the migrants. The wealthy, not bad luck or natural disasters, were the prominent cause of the suffering of migrant families such as the Joads. Thus, Steinbeck turns to the less prosperous for support in his novel. When referring to the superior living conditions barnyard animals have, the migrants remark, “Them’s horses-we’re men,” (556).  The perfect simplicity of this quote expresses the absurdness of the migrants’ situation better than any flowery expression could.

In The Grapes of Wrath , John Steinbeck uses metaphors, particularly about nature, in order to illustrate the mood and the overall plight of migrants. Throughout most of the book, the land is described as dusty, barren, and dead. Towards the end, however; floods come and the landscape begins to change. At the end of chapter twenty-nine, Steinbeck describes a hill after the floods saying, “Tiny points of grass came through the earth, and in a few days the hills were pale green with the beginning year,” (556). This description offers a stark contrast from the earlier passages which were filled with despair and destruction. Steinbeck’s tone from the beginning of the chapter changes drastically. Early in the chapter, Steinbeck had used heavy imagery in order to convey the destruction caused by the rain, “The streams and the little rivers edged up to the bank sides and worked at willows and tree roots, bent the willows deep in the current, cut out the roots of cottonwoods and brought down the trees,” (553). However, at the end of the chapter the rain has caused new life to grow in California. The new grass becomes a metaphor representing hope. When the migrants are at a loss over how they will survive the winter, the grass offers reassurance. The story of the migrants in the intercalary chapters parallels that of the Joads. At the end of the novel, the family is breaking apart and has been forced to flee their home. However, both the book and final intercalary chapter end on a hopeful note after so much suffering has occurred. The grass metaphor strengthens Steinbeck’s message because it offers a tangible example of hope. Through his language Steinbeck’s themes become apparent at the end of the novel. Steinbeck affirms that persistence, even when problems appear insurmountable, leads to success. These metaphors help to strengthen Steinbeck’s themes in The Grapes of Wrath because they provide a more memorable way to recall important messages.

John Steinbeck’s language choices help to intensify his writing in his intercalary chapters and allow him to more clearly show how difficult life for migrants could be. Refraining from using specific names and terms allows Steinbeck to show that many thousands of migrants suffered through the same wrongs. Imitating the style of the Bible strengthens Steinbeck’s characters and connects them to the Bible, perhaps the most famous book in history. When Steinbeck writes in the imperfect dialogue of the migrants, he creates a more accurate portrayal and makes the migrants easier to relate to for a less affluent audience. Metaphors, particularly relating to nature, strengthen the themes in The Grapes of Wrath by enhancing the mood Steinbeck wants readers to feel at different points in the book. Overall, the intercalary chapters that Steinbeck includes improve his novel by making it more memorable and reinforcing the themes Steinbeck embraces throughout the novel. Exemplary stylistic devices further persuade readers of John Steinbeck’s personal beliefs. Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath to bring to light cruelties against migrants, and by using literary devices effectively, he continuously reminds readers of his purpose. Steinbeck’s impressive language choices in his intercalary chapters advance the entire novel and help to create a classic work of literature that people still are able to relate to today. 

This essay sticks pretty closely to the standard analytical essay outline. It starts with an introduction, where I chose to use a quote to start off the essay. (This became my favorite way to start essays in high school because, if I wasn’t sure what to say, I could outsource the work and find a quote that related to what I’d be writing about.) The quote in this essay doesn’t relate to the themes I’m discussing quite as much as it could, but it’s still a slightly different way to start an essay and can intrigue readers. I then give a bit of background on The Grapes of Wrath and its themes before ending the intro paragraph with my thesis: that Steinbeck used literary devices in intercalary chapters to show how rough migrants had it.

Each of my four body paragraphs is formatted in roughly the same way: an intro sentence that explains what I’ll be discussing, analysis of that main point, and at least two quotes from the book as evidence.

My conclusion restates my thesis, summarizes each of four points I discussed in my body paragraphs, and ends the essay by briefly discussing how Steinbeck’s writing helped introduce a world of readers to the injustices migrants experienced during the dust bowl.

What does this analytical essay example do well? For starters, it contains everything that a strong analytical essay should, and it makes that easy to find. The thesis clearly lays out what the essay will be about, the first sentence of each of the body paragraph introduces the topic it’ll cover, and the conclusion neatly recaps all the main points. Within each of the body paragraphs, there’s analysis along with multiple excerpts from the book in order to add legitimacy to my points.

Additionally, the essay does a good job of taking an in-depth look at the issue introduced in the thesis. Four ways Steinbeck used literary devices are discussed, and for each of the examples are given and analysis is provided so readers can understand why Steinbeck included those devices and how they helped shaped how readers viewed migrants and their plight.

Where could this essay be improved? I believe the weakest body paragraph is the third one, the one that discusses how Steinbeck used plain, grammatically incorrect language to both accurately depict the migrants and make them more relatable to readers. The paragraph tries to touch on both of those reasons and ends up being somewhat unfocused as a result. It would have been better for it to focus on just one of those reasons (likely how it made the migrants more relatable) in order to be clearer and more effective. It’s a good example of how adding more ideas to an essay often doesn’t make it better if they don’t work with the rest of what you’re writing. This essay also could explain the excerpts that are included more and how they relate to the points being made. Sometimes they’re just dropped in the essay with the expectation that the readers will make the connection between the example and the analysis. This is perhaps especially true in the second body paragraph, the one that discusses similarities to Biblical passages. Additional analysis of the quotes would have strengthened it.

Summary: How to Write an Analytical Essay

What is an analytical essay? A critical analytical essay analyzes a topic, often a text or film. The analysis paper uses evidence to support the argument, such as excerpts from the piece of writing. All analytical papers include a thesis, analysis of the topic, and evidence to support that analysis.

When developing an analytical essay outline and writing your essay, follow these five steps:

Reading analytical essay examples can also give you a better sense of how to structure your essay and what to include in it.

What's Next?

Learning about different writing styles in school? There are four main writing styles, and it's important to understand each of them. Learn about them in our guide to writing styles , complete with examples.

Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you.

Literary devices can both be used to enhance your writing and communication. Check out this list of 31 literary devices to learn more !

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Organizing Your Analysis

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There is no one perfect way to organize a rhetorical analysis essay. In fact, writers should always be a bit leery of plug-in formulas that offer a perfect essay format. Remember, organization itself is not the enemy, only organization without considering the specific demands of your particular writing task. That said, here are some general tips for plotting out the overall form of your essay.

Introduction

Like any rhetorical analysis essay, an essay analyzing a visual document should quickly set the stage for what you’re doing. Try to cover the following concerns in the initial paragraphs:

• Make sure to let the reader know you’re performing a rhetorical analysis. Otherwise, they may expect you to take positions or make an evaluative argument that may not be coming.
• Clearly state what the document under consideration is and possibly give some pertinent background information about its history or development. The intro can be a good place for a quick, narrative summary of the document. The key word here is “quick, for you may be dealing with something large (for example, an entire episode of a cartoon like the Simpsons). Save more in-depth descriptions for your body paragraph analysis.
• If you’re dealing with a smaller document (like a photograph or an advertisement), and copyright allows, the introduction or first page is a good place to integrate it into your page.
• Give a basic run down of the rhetorical situation surrounding the document: the author, the audience, the purpose, the context, etc.

Thesis Statements and Focus

Many authors struggle with thesis statements or controlling ideas in regards to rhetorical analysis essays. There may be a temptation to think that merely announcing the text as a rhetorical analysis is purpose enough. However, especially depending on your essay’s length, your reader may need a more direct and clear statement of your intentions. Below are a few examples.

1. Clearly narrow the focus of what your essay will cover. Ask yourself if one or two design aspects of the document is interesting and complex enough to warrant a full analytical treatment.

The website for Amazon.com provides an excellent example of alignment and proximity to assist its visitors in navigating a potentially large and confusing amount of information.

2. Since visual documents often seek to move people towards a certain action (buying a product, attending an event, expressing a sentiment), an essay may analyze the rhetorical techniques used to accomplish this purpose. The thesis statement should reflect this goal.

The call-out flyer for the Purdue Rowing Team uses a mixture of dynamic imagery and tantalizing promises to create interest in potential, new members.

3. Rhetorical analysis can also easily lead to making original arguments. Performing the analysis may lead you to an argument; or vice versa, you may start with an argument and search for proof that supports it.

A close analysis of the female body images in the July 2007 issue of Cosmopolitan magazine reveals contradictions between the articles’ calls for self-esteem and the advertisements’ unrealistic, beauty demands.

These are merely suggestions. The best measure for what your focus and thesis statement should be the document itself and the demands of your writing situation. Remember that the main thrust of your thesis statement should be on how the document creates meaning and accomplishes its purposes. The OWl has additional information on writing thesis statements.

Analysis Order (Body Paragraphs)

Depending on the genre and size of the document under analysis, there are a number of logical ways to organize your body paragraphs. Below are a few possible options. Which ever you choose, the goal of your body paragraphs is to present parts of the document, give an extended analysis of how that part functions, and suggest how the part ties into a larger point (your thesis statement or goal).

Chronological

This is the most straight-forward approach, but it can also be effective if done for a reason (as opposed to not being able to think of another way). For example, if you are analyzing a photo essay on the web or in a booklet, a chronological treatment allows you to present your insights in the same order that a viewer of the document experiences those images. It is likely that the images have been put in that order and juxtaposed for a reason, so this line of analysis can be easily integrated into the essay.

Be careful using chronological ordering when dealing with a document that contains a narrative (i.e. a television show or music video). Focusing on the chronological could easily lead you to plot summary which is not the point of a rhetorical analysis.

A spatial ordering covers the parts of a document in the order the eye is likely to scan them. This is different than chronological order, for that is dictated by pages or screens where spatial order concerns order amongst a single page or plane. There are no unwavering guidelines for this, but you can use the following general guidelines.

• Left to right and top to down is still the normal reading and scanning pattern for English-speaking countries.
• The eye will naturally look for centers. This may be the technical center of the page or the center of the largest item on the page.
• Lines are often used to provide directions and paths for the eye to follow.
• Research has shown that on web pages, the eye tends to linger in the top left quadrant before moving left to right. Only after spending a considerable amount of time on the top, visible portion of the page will they then scroll down.

Persuasive Appeals

The classic, rhetorical appeals are logos, pathos, and ethos. These concepts roughly correspond to the logic, emotion, and character of the document’s attempt to persuade. You can find more information on these concepts elsewhere on the OWL. Once you understand these devices, you could potentially order your essay by analyzing the document’s use of logos, ethos, and pathos in different sections.

The conclusion of a rhetorical analysis essay may not operate too differently from the conclusion of any other kind of essay. Still, many writers struggle with what a conclusion should or should not do. You can find tips elsewhere on the OWL on writing conclusions. In short, however, you should restate your main ideas and explain why they are important; restate your thesis; and outline further research or work you believe should be completed to further your efforts.

Home — Essay Samples — Business — Apple — Analysis of Apple Company

Analysis of Apple Company

• Categories: Apple

About this sample

Words: 548 |

Published: Jan 30, 2024

Words: 548 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Table of contents

Overview of apple company, financial analysis, swot analysis, analysis of apple's marketing strategies.

• Innovation and Research & Development

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Innovation and research & development.

• Apple Inc. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/about/
• Yahoo Finance. (2021). Apple Inc. (AAPL) Income Statement. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL/financials/
• MarketWatch. (2021). Apple Inc. (AAPL) Key Financial Ratios. Retrieved from https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/aapl/financials/ratios
• Apple Inc. (n.d.). Supplier Responsibility. Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/

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Process Analysis: How to Write a Process Analysis Essay

Writing a process analysis essay sounds like a problematic task to do, but in reality, it’s just another writing assignment. In this article, our college essay writing service will explain how to write a process analysis essay, list some process analysis essay topics and give you useful writing tips and examples. But first things first — let’s start with a process analysis definition.

What Is a Process Analysis Essay

Before jumping to the How To section, let’s answer the question of what is process analysis. Process analysis is an essay which explains how something is done, how something occurs, or how something works. In this type of essay, the writer is required to present the steps of the process in sequential order, from first to last. All concepts or terms that might appear uncommon are defined.

For Example: When writing a process analysis essay about becoming a better person, you count and describe some actions — from small to bigger ones — like lifting peoples’ self esteem around you when you were young, to becoming a motivational speaker when you’re older.

Sometimes, your professor will assign you a process analysis topic. And sometimes, you will have to pick a topic by yourself.

You should also read the article on discursive essay format . It will help expand your understanding in writing any type of paper.

Stuck on the Steps of Process Analysis?

Journey through your essay with ease. Our expert guides are ready to help you analyze every step of the way!

Process Analysis Essay Structure

Process essays may be divided into two categories: informative and directive. A directive process analysis gives instructions on how to accomplish a certain goal (for example, how to prepare the best waffles). An informational process analysis essay describes a topic to the reader (for example, how an aircraft engine functions). A process essay may be written in three easy steps:

• Split the task

The workflow should be broken down into simple, well-defined phases that generally maintain a temporal sequence and have a clear objective. You can better arrange the document with a process paper outline.

• Make smooth transitions

A process analysis essay remains more engaging when you use transitional terms—the audience benefits from phrases like - therefore, subsequently, afterward, etc.

• Study the essay thoroughly

Inspect any potential gaps, such as missing ingredients from a recipe, by going through the process essay point by point.

Process Analysis Essay Examples

Referring to an example can save you time. Our free samples can provide insight into what a process analysis essay should look like.

How to Pick a Process Analysis Essay Topic

Imagine you need to describe something in steps: what would they be? Don’t rush with making a final decision and try to rationalize your choice by following our recommendations:

• Pick a topic you have a good understanding of.
• Choose a theme that will involve the readers.
• Focus your topic on a specific thing.
• Make sure you can explain your topic without pictures. Focus on words.
• Ensure that the topic is helpful and has practical worth.
• Your topic must be relevant. If you decided to write about using a pager, we suggest you rethink your idea.

It’s okay if you don’t have a lot of process analysis essay topics in mind; just focus on the writing process and pick one of the ones we’ve prepared for you below.

Check out our ARTICLE TO FIND MORE ESSAY TOPIC IDEAS

Writing a Process Analysis Essay Step-By-Step

Process analysis essay structure is as follows:

Let's overview that structure in more details:

• The introductory part should explain the actual process and why it’s relevant or necessary. Avoid any unnecessary information such as the background, history or origin. If for instance, a recipe needs tomato sauce, the reader should be informed so. In other words, go directly to the issue and provide only the necessary information.
• The next paragraph should present a list of all the equipment, tools or resources necessary for the particular process. For instance, if some ingredients cannot be found in the locality, explain where you can find it, or them. Potential risks or side effects that are likely to occur in the process should be stated so that the reader remains informed. Furthermore, it is essential to inform the reader about what might go wrong and what can be done to avoid potential mistakes.
• Then, outline the process in sequential order. If the process requires some steps to be undertaken at particular stages, these should be stated and explained clearly, at relevant points in the sequence. The writer should be very keen to avoid confusion. For processes that appear complicated, the steps should be subdivided accordingly. Additionally, the writer needs to vary their use of transitional words such as “after”, “then”, “next” to make sure the essay does not become repetitive.
• The final part should present a general review of the whole process so the writer can reinforce the main points succinctly, without details.

You can also read the essay example from our essay writer . If you still need help, contact us and we will do everything in the best way.

Process Analysis Essay Outline

The structure for this type of analysis essay outline is as follows:

Introduction:

• Introduce your topic and briefly outline what the process will achieve.
• Demonstrate where this process is relevant or when it is useful.
• It’s a good idea to offer a real-world example of the outcome of the procedure.
• The processes should be presented in paragraphs.
• Perform each step in its section.
• Appropriate transitions should be employed for each step.
• Be descriptive in your presentation.

Conclusion:

• In your conclusion, summarize the procedure. You don’t have to repeat all the individual steps, but you need to reinforce the main points and milestones.
• Describe the expected result.

Writing Tips

• Appropriate Use of Language and Vocabulary Making good use of vocabulary and technical terms can often make or break an assignment. This impacts the degree of depth and clarity the reader can get out of it. Thus, if your audience is meant to be doing the procedures while reading, the steps should be simple and to the point.
• Give the Reader a Sense of Direction When including comments in your essay that are tailored to give a sense of direction, like “once that’s done” or “wait until”, it’s best to do so where relevant. Try to avoid over-complicating the steps, while keeping everything clear and concise.
• Use Chronological Progression For example, if it’s a cooking recipe, it should always include the steps in sequential order, while also indicating how much of each ingredient to add. Additional information like cooking techniques can be added at the end—to be as detailed as necessary.

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Annie Lambert

specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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81 Product Management Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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Advertisement Analysis – How to Write & Ad Analysis Essay Examples

🔝 top-10 advertisement analysis examples, 🖥️ advertisement analysis – what is it, 🤓 steps of an ad analysis, 🌟 advertisement analysis essay examples, 📝 advertisement analysis research paper examples, 💡 essay ideas on advertisement analysis, 👍 good advertisement analysis essay examples to write about, 🎓 simple research paper examples with advertisement analysis, ✍️ advertisement analysis essay examples for college, 🏆 best advertisement analysis research titles.

In this day and age, advertising is everywhere, from billboards and TV commercials to social media feeds and mobile apps. It’s an essential tool many companies use to draw customers’ attention and showcase their products and services. However, creating a compelling and distinctive advertisement is more challenging than it seems, and professionals often rely on ad analysis to achieve this goal. Advertisement analysis is a form of research that examines advertisements’ effectiveness and impact on society. Below, we will discuss how advertisement analysis can help businesses develop successful ad campaigns while ensuring their ads are ethical and socially responsible.

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Ad analysis is a type of research that experts use to develop compelling and eye-catching advertisements . It addresses each step of the ad’s creation process. Such an approach has become increasingly common because it shows marketing techniques’ impact on human consciousness. Experts evaluate the effectiveness of an ad using qualitative and quantitative methods , which help them create better advertisements. Language, imagery, and music used in a successful marketing campaign are just a few examples of what makes up effective ad messaging.

How to analyze the advertisement? While every company and its marketing team may have their own approach to ad analysis, the framework usually includes these 5 major steps:

Gather information. Before starting a project, looking up information about the product is vital. Make a SWOT analysis of the company for which you are conducting an ad analysis. This method will help you identify potential market opportunities and internal weaknesses.

Find target-audience preferences. To choose the perfect media tools for your marketing campaign, you must know your ad’s target audience . Knowing your audience will also assist you in learning how to convince the customers to get interested and purchase the product you are advertising.

Start questioning. You have to create a list of detailed inquiries regarding the advertisement. These questions will aid in finding information about the message or context of the ad . Also, it will help you understand which areas require more research and improvement.

Examine the strategic and tactical components. During this step, you first need to identify the objective. Make sure the message is conveyed clearly so the advertisement can serve its intended purpose. Then, you need to identify the target message. It’ll help to create a brief messaging framework.

Onlook the results. You have to watch whether your advertisement analysis works or not. Analyze how many new customers you receive after publication and your product’s popularity level. That way, you will both improve your research and gain experience for your next project.

Here you can find 2 incredible examples of advertisement analysis essays! The primary focus of each report is to examine how the created advertisement will affect potential customers.

Essay sample #1 – Pepsi advertisement

Target Audience: Pepsi targets consumers in their teens, early 20s, and early middle age. Pepsi print is of bright color , and that instantly attracts customers’ attention. In the commercial, many young people with happy smiles enjoy life, skating on the board and drinking Pepsi.

Implicit messages: The appearance of joyful teens in the Pepsi ad makes you want to buy this drink. The advertisement suggests that after consuming the product, you’ll feel like you’re living your best life.

Essay sample #2 – YSL perfume advertisement

Target Audience: YSL perfume advertisement targets women of early middle age. In the ad, the women are confident, independent, and successful. The advertisement connects the sensation of freedom and high status in society to the perfume itself.

Implicit messages: The advertisement appeals to those who want to make their own rules. YSL customers are women, so the company creates an image of powerful yet feminine females. The commercial suggests that after buying the perfume, you will embrace freedom and will be able to set old bridges on fire.

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16 Drafting Your Ad Analysis

Dr. Karen Palmer

Now that you have a solid outline, it’s time to start writing your ad analysis paper! Here we will work through fleshing out each part of your outline–turning your outline into a full draft.

Introduction

The first part of your paper is your introduction. You may remember from the Writing Formula chapter that an introduction consists of three main parts: the hook, the introduction to the topic, and the thesis. Let’s begin with the hook. A hook does two jobs–it connects the topic of your paper to your readers, and it attempts to capture their attention.

This video highlights some of the most common techniques for writing a good hook:

Now that you have a general idea of what a hook does, let’s focus in on the kind of hook that would be most useful for your ad analysis essay. Let’s say you are doing an analysis on that milk ad we discussed earlier in the text.

Strategy 1: Connect to the topic of the ad: milk. You could say something like, “Do you drink milk?” But…would that really draw in readers? Surely, there is a better way to grab the attention of our audience.

Strategy 2: Connect to the broader topic of advertising. Here you might say something like, “Advertisers are always trying to get our attention.” Sure, this is a broad opening to the paper, but is it really going to make anyone interested in the topic?

A good idea is to brainstorm some current events or topics that link to your ad. A brainstorming list for this milk ad could include lactose intolerance, the concept of looking at TV sitcom characters as role models, the changing role of mothers, and even the pressure placed on moms (and women in general)  to be perfect. Choose something that appeals to you and that illustrates a theme that runs through the ad. When brainstorming with my classes, we often land on the idea of perfection with this particular milk ad. It makes a compelling frame for the paper.

Introducing the topic is just that–letting readers know what the paper will be about. ie An ad for ________ located in _________ magazine illustrates this concept. Note that you need to include the specific product advertised in the ad, the name of the magazine in which the ad is located, and include a connection/transition to your hook.

Finally, the last sentence of your introduction is your thesis. Here you make your argument. While you already wrote a thesis for your outline, you want to double check that the thesis connects in some way to your hook. Our example thesis is: “The advertisers successfully persuade the consumer that milk will make them a great mom by using nostalgia, milk branding, and the image of ideal motherhood.” We might make a slight adjustment here to make the connection a bit more explicit: “The advertisers play on the desire of moms to fulfill an image of perfection by using nostalgia, milk branding, and the image of ideal motherhood.”

In the ad analysis, our background consists of two different sections: the description and the discussion of context.

Description

Remember that your audience cannot see the ad you are discussing. If you were in a room presenting to your audience, you might project an image of the ad up on a screen. Since we can’t do that in an essay, we need to describe the ad for our readers. Essentially, you want your readers to be able to draw a basic picture of your ad–or at least visualize it accurately in their minds.

This video from James Rath discussing how people with visual impairments see images on social media gives an important life reason for learning how to write solid image descriptions:

Here are some good tips for writing a description of an image:

1. Start by giving readers a one sentence overview of the ad. For our milk ad, that might be, “In this ad, three mothers from iconic sitcoms sit side by side in a beauty parlor under old-fashioned hair dryers.”

2. Determine in advance how you want readers to see the image–do you want them to look at the image left to right? Foreground to background? Clockwise? Bottom line here–don’t make readers minds jump around from place to place as they try to visualize the image.

3. Choose the key elements. You don’t have to describe every single thing in this paragraph. Tell readers who the three moms are and what show they are from. Give enough basic details so that readers know the setting is old-fashioned. Remember, you’ll be able to bring forward more detail as you analyze the ad in the body of your paper. Readers don’t need to know what color a person’s eyes are unless it’s a key part of the ad.

4. Don’t forget the text! While you should not write every word in the ad in your description, especially if there are lengthy paragraphs, you should include a brief overview of the text. ie placement, basic overview Again, you’ll be able to give specific quotes that are relevant to your analysis in the body of your paper.

5. Write in present tense!

The context of an ad really focuses on the audience of the ad. Remember that advertisers very carefully consider the audience for their product and create their advertisements to best reach that target audience. Let’s look at this from the perspective of a company looking to place an ad:

So, if an advertiser goes to this much trouble to determine the demographics of their target audience, it’s obviously important! The ad (unless perhaps it was published by an inexperienced advertiser) is not “for everyone.” An ad in Newsweek , no matter how childlike it appears, was not created for children. It was created for the audience who will purchase and read this magazine. When we do an ad analysis, we want to share similar information with our readers. What magazine is the ad placed in? What is the general focus of that publication? What kinds of articles appear in the publication? What general types of ads appear? In short, who is the audience? Of course, you can look at a magazine and get some of this information. You can also do a quick online search for the demographics of the magazine or for their media kit, which is what advertisers look at prior to purchasing advertising space to ensure the magazine is a good fit for their ad.

Now that you have the background out of the way and your audiences thoroughly understand the topic, it’s time to begin your analysis. Your thesis should have given at least three advertising strategies used in the ad. Your paper should include a paragraph for each one of those strategies.

Topic Sentence

The topic sentence should echo the wording of the thesis and clearly introduce the topic. For example, “One way the advertisers use the concept of the perfect mother to convince readers to purchase milk is by using iconic mothers from television shows.” For your next paragraph, you’d want to be sure to include a transition. For example, “Another way” or “In addition to” are both phrases that can be used to show that you are building onto your previous paragraph.

In this part of the paragraph, you want to give specific examples from the ad to support your point.

First, you should introduce the example. “The three moms from iconic tv shows are the focus of this ad.”

Next, you should give specific examples from the ad–this could be pointing out particular details about the images in the ad or quoting from the text–or both! For example, for the milk ad, you might give the specific names of the characters and the shows they are from. You might point out that every detail of their outfits are perfect. That they are wearing makeup and jewelry. That they have their wedding rings prominently focused in the image. You might also quote text, like the line from the ad that says, “Another all-time great mom line.”

Finally, wrap up your examples with a clear explanation of how the example proves your point. For example, you might say that, especially in modern times, it is very difficult for mothers to live up to the standard of perfection set by these three television moms. You might explain how causing readers to feel “less than” sets the stage for them to accept the premise that giving their children milk will make them more like these TV moms.

The wrap up for your paragraph is similar to the wrap up for the evidence provided. Here you want to reiterate your thesis in a simple sentence. For example, you might say, “Using the images of these iconic moms convinces moms that, in order to be a good mom, they must buy milk for their children.”

The conclusion of your paper is essentially a mirror image of your introduction. Think of your paper as an Oreo cookie. The introduction and the conclusion are the cookies that surround the best part–the body of the paper. Like the cookie outsides of the Oreo, the introduction and conclusion should be mirror images of each other.

1. Start with re-stating the thesis.

2. Reiterate the topic.

3. Return to your hook and elaborate.

Unlike an Oreo, the conclusion should not simply copy your introduction word for word in a different order. Try to restate your sentences in a different way. Elaborate on your hook so that you leave readers with something to think about!

 Content written by Dr. Karen Palmer and is licensed CC BY NC.

The Worry Free Writer Copyright © 2020 by Dr. Karen Palmer is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay–Examples & Template

What is a Rhetorical Analysis Essay?

A rhetorical analysis essay is, as the name suggests, an analysis of someone else’s writing (or speech, or advert, or even cartoon) and how they use not only words but also rhetorical techniques to influence their audience in a certain way. A rhetorical analysis is less interested in what the author is saying and more in how they present it, what effect this has on their readers, whether they achieve their goals, and what approach they use to get there. 

Its structure is similar to that of most essays: An Introduction presents your thesis, a Body analyzes the text you have chosen, breaks it down into sections and explains how arguments have been constructed and how each part persuades, informs, or entertains the reader, and a Conclusion section sums up your evaluation. 

Note that your personal opinion on the matter is not relevant for your analysis and that you don’t state anywhere in your essay whether you agree or disagree with the stance the author takes.

In the following, we will define the key rhetorical concepts you need to write a good rhetorical analysis and give you some practical tips on where to start.

Key Rhetorical Concepts

Your goal when writing a rhetorical analysis is to think about and then carefully describe how the author has designed their text so that it has the intended effect on their audience. To do that, you need to consider a number of key rhetorical strategies: Rhetorical appeals (“Ethos”, “Logos”, and “Pathos”), context, as well as claims, supports, and warrants.

Ethos, Logos, and Pathos were introduced by Aristotle, way back in the 4th century BC, as the main ways in which language can be used to persuade an audience. They still represent the basis of any rhetorical analysis and are often referred to as the “rhetorical triangle”. 

These and other rhetorical techniques can all be combined to create the intended effect, and your job as the one analyzing a text is to break the writer’s arguments down and identify the concepts they are based on.

Rhetorical Appeals

Rhetorical appeal #1: ethos.

Ethos refers to the reputation or authority of the writer regarding the topic of their essay or speech and to how they use this to appeal to their audience. Just like we are more likely to buy a product from a brand or vendor we have confidence in than one we don’t know or have reason to distrust, Ethos-driven texts or speeches rely on the reputation of the author to persuade the reader or listener. When you analyze an essay, you should therefore look at how the writer establishes Ethos through rhetorical devices.

Does the author present themselves as an authority on their subject? If so, how? 

Do they highlight how impeccable their own behavior is to make a moral argument? 

Do they present themselves as an expert by listing their qualifications or experience to convince the reader of their opinion on something?

Rhetorical appeal #2: Pathos

The purpose of Pathos-driven rhetoric is to appeal to the reader’s emotions. A common example of pathos as a rhetorical means is adverts by charities that try to make you donate money to a “good cause”. To evoke the intended emotions in the reader, an author may use passionate language, tell personal stories, and employ vivid imagery so that the reader can imagine themselves in a certain situation and feel empathy with or anger towards others.

Rhetorical appeal #3: Logos

Logos, the “logical” appeal, uses reason to persuade. Reason and logic, supported by data, evidence, clearly defined methodology, and well-constructed arguments, are what most academic writing is based on. Emotions, those of the researcher/writer as well as those of the reader, should stay out of such academic texts, as should anyone’s reputation, beliefs, or personal opinions. 

Text and Context

To analyze a piece of writing, a speech, an advertisement, or even a satirical drawing, you need to look beyond the piece of communication and take the context in which it was created and/or published into account. 

Who is the person who wrote the text/drew the cartoon/designed the ad..? What audience are they trying to reach? Where was the piece published and what was happening there around that time? 

A political speech, for example, can be powerful even when read decades later, but the historical context surrounding it is an important aspect of the effect it was intended to have. 

Claims, Supports, and Warrants

To make any kind of argument, a writer needs to put forward specific claims, support them with data or evidence or even a moral or emotional appeal, and connect the dots logically so that the reader can follow along and agree with the points made.

The connections between statements, so-called “warrants”, follow logical reasoning but are not always clearly stated—the author simply assumes the reader understands the underlying logic, whether they present it “explicitly” or “implicitly”. Implicit warrants are commonly used in advertisements where seemingly happy people use certain products, wear certain clothes, accessories, or perfumes, or live certain lifestyles – with the connotation that, first, the product/perfume/lifestyle is what makes that person happy and, second, the reader wants to be as happy as the person in the ad. Some warrants are never clearly stated, and your job when writing a rhetorical analysis essay is therefore to identify them and bring them to light, to evaluate their validity, their effect on the reader, and the use of such means by the writer/creator. 

What are the Five Rhetorical Situations?

A “rhetorical situation” refers to the circumstance behind a text or other piece of communication that arises from a given context. It explains why a rhetorical piece was created, what its purpose is, and how it was constructed to achieve its aims.

Rhetorical situations can be classified into the following five categories:

Asking such questions when you analyze a text will help you identify all the aspects that play a role in the effect it has on its audience, and will allow you to evaluate whether it achieved its aims or where it may have failed to do so.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Outline

Analyzing someone else’s work can seem like a big task, but as with every assignment or writing endeavor, you can break it down into smaller, well-defined steps that give you a practical structure to follow. 

To give you an example of how the different parts of your text may look when it’s finished, we will provide you with some excerpts from this rhetorical analysis essay example (which even includes helpful comments) published on the Online Writing Lab website of Excelsior University in Albany, NY. The text that this essay analyzes is this article on why one should or shouldn’t buy an Ipad. If you want more examples so that you can build your own rhetorical analysis template, have a look at this essay on Nabokov’s Lolita and the one provided here about the “Shitty First Drafts” chapter of Anne Lamott’s writing instruction book “Bird by Bird”.

Analyzing the Text

When writing a rhetorical analysis, you don’t choose the concepts or key points you think are relevant or want to address. Rather, you carefully read the text several times asking yourself questions like those listed in the last section on rhetorical situations to identify how the text “works” and how it was written to achieve that effect.

Start with focusing on the author : What do you think was their purpose for writing the text? Do they make one principal claim and then elaborate on that? Or do they discuss different topics? 

Then look at what audience they are talking to: Do they want to make a group of people take some action? Vote for someone? Donate money to a good cause? Who are these people? Is the text reaching this specific audience? Why or why not?

What tone is the author using to address their audience? Are they trying to evoke sympathy? Stir up anger? Are they writing from a personal perspective? Are they painting themselves as an authority on the topic? Are they using academic or informal language?

How does the author support their claims ? What kind of evidence are they presenting? Are they providing explicit or implicit warrants? Are these warrants valid or problematic? Is the provided evidence convincing?  

Asking yourself such questions will help you identify what rhetorical devices a text uses and how well they are put together to achieve a certain aim. Remember, your own opinion and whether you agree with the author are not the point of a rhetorical analysis essay – your task is simply to take the text apart and evaluate it.

If you are still confused about how to write a rhetorical analysis essay, just follow the steps outlined below to write the different parts of your rhetorical analysis: As every other essay, it consists of an Introduction , a Body (the actual analysis), and a Conclusion .

Rhetorical Analysis Introduction

The Introduction section briefly presents the topic of the essay you are analyzing, the author, their main claims, a short summary of the work by you, and your thesis statement . 

Tell the reader what the text you are going to analyze represents (e.g., historically) or why it is relevant (e.g., because it has become some kind of reference for how something is done). Describe what the author claims, asserts, or implies and what techniques they use to make their argument and persuade their audience. Finish off with your thesis statement that prepares the reader for what you are going to present in the next section – do you think that the author’s assumptions/claims/arguments were presented in a logical/appealing/powerful way and reached their audience as intended?

Have a look at an excerpt from the sample essay linked above to see what a rhetorical analysis introduction can look like. See how it introduces the author and article , the context in which it originally appeared , the main claims the author makes , and how this first paragraph ends in a clear thesis statement that the essay will then elaborate on in the following Body section:

Cory Doctorow ’s article on BoingBoing is an older review of the iPad , one of Apple’s most famous products. At the time of this article, however, the iPad was simply the latest Apple product to hit the market and was not yet so popular. Doctorow’s entire career has been entrenched in and around technology. He got his start as a CD-ROM programmer and is now a successful blogger and author. He is currently the co-editor of the BoingBoing blog on which this article was posted. One of his main points in this article comes from Doctorow’s passionate advocacy of free digital media sharing. He argues that the iPad is just another way for established technology companies to control our technological freedom and creativity . In “ Why I Won’t Buy an iPad (and Think You Shouldn’t, Either) ” published on Boing Boing in April of 2010, Cory Doctorow successfully uses his experience with technology, facts about the company Apple, and appeals to consumer needs to convince potential iPad buyers that Apple and its products, specifically the iPad, limit the digital rights of those who use them by controlling and mainstreaming the content that can be used and created on the device . 

Doing the Rhetorical Analysis

The main part of your analysis is the Body , where you dissect the text in detail. Explain what methods the author uses to inform, entertain, and/or persuade the audience. Use Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle and the other key concepts we introduced above. Use quotations from the essay to demonstrate what you mean. Work out why the writer used a certain approach and evaluate (and again, demonstrate using the text itself) how successful they were. Evaluate the effect of each rhetorical technique you identify on the audience and judge whether the effect is in line with the author’s intentions.

To make it easy for the reader to follow your thought process, divide this part of your essay into paragraphs that each focus on one strategy or one concept , and make sure they are all necessary and contribute to the development of your argument(s).

One paragraph of this section of your essay could, for example, look like this:

One example of Doctorow’s position is his comparison of Apple’s iStore to Wal-Mart. This is an appeal to the consumer’s logic—or an appeal to logos. Doctorow wants the reader to take his comparison and consider how an all-powerful corporation like the iStore will affect them. An iPad will only allow for apps and programs purchased through the iStore to be run on it; therefore, a customer must not only purchase an iPad but also any programs he or she wishes to use. Customers cannot create their own programs or modify the hardware in any way. 

As you can see, the author of this sample essay identifies and then explains to the reader how Doctorow uses the concept of Logos to appeal to his readers – not just by pointing out that he does it but by dissecting how it is done.

Rhetorical Analysis Conclusion

The conclusion section of your analysis should restate your main arguments and emphasize once more whether you think the author achieved their goal. Note that this is not the place to introduce new information—only rely on the points you have discussed in the body of your essay. End with a statement that sums up the impact the text has on its audience and maybe society as a whole:

Overall, Doctorow makes a good argument about why there are potentially many better things to drop a great deal of money on instead of the iPad. He gives some valuable information and facts that consumers should take into consideration before going out to purchase the new device. He clearly uses rhetorical tools to help make his case, and, overall, he is effective as a writer, even if, ultimately, he was ineffective in convincing the world not to buy an iPad . 

Frequently Asked Questions about Rhetorical Analysis Essays 

What is a rhetorical analysis essay.

A rhetorical analysis dissects a text or another piece of communication to work out and explain how it impacts its audience, how successfully it achieves its aims, and what rhetorical devices it uses to do that. 

While argumentative essays usually take a stance on a certain topic and argue for it, a rhetorical analysis identifies how someone else constructs their arguments and supports their claims.

What is the correct rhetorical analysis essay format?

Like most other essays, a rhetorical analysis contains an Introduction that presents the thesis statement, a Body that analyzes the piece of communication, explains how arguments have been constructed, and illustrates how each part persuades, informs, or entertains the reader, and a Conclusion section that summarizes the results of the analysis. 

What is the “rhetorical triangle”?

The rhetorical triangle was introduced by Aristotle as the main ways in which language can be used to persuade an audience: Logos appeals to the audience’s reason, Ethos to the writer’s status or authority, and Pathos to the reader’s emotions. Logos, Ethos, and Pathos can all be combined to create the intended effect, and your job as the one analyzing a text is to break the writer’s arguments down and identify what specific concepts each is based on.

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50 Great Topics for a Process Analysis Essay

Illustration by Jiaqi Zhou. ThoughtCo.

• Writing Essays
• Writing Research Papers
• English Grammar
• Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
• M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
• B.A., English, State University of New York

If you've ever read an instruction manual or written a set of directions, then you are probably familiar with process analysis writing. This form of composition is often used in the field of technical writing to explain the process of a complex system logically and objectively. Because the material covered in process analyses can be quite complicated, this type of writing tends to be detailed and long.

Looking to write your own process analysis essay but not sure what to write it about? Here are 50 topics for you to consider. Whether you're aiming for something technical, like how solar panels work, or something motivational, such as how to gain self-confidence, there's bound to be at least one idea that resonates.

What Is Process Analysis Writing?

Process analysis  writing involves a comprehensive set of instructions that explains a process from beginning to end. To successfully write a process analysis essay, writers must critically analyze each step of the process they have chosen to describe and determine the most reasonable way of delivering information before writing. Expertise is required when explaining a process with this level of detail, and this can be obtained through firsthand experience or thorough research.

The topic of a process analysis essay needs to be as specific as possible, and the tone of the essay must be clear and straightforward. A writer's main goal when crafting a process analysis essay should be to make a process easy to follow. Below is a set of tips that will help you achieve this.

Tips for Writing a Process Analysis Essay

When writing an essay or speech through process analysis, keep these tips in mind:

• Include all steps and arrange them in chronological order .
• Explain why each step is necessary and include warnings when appropriate.
• Define any terms that may be unfamiliar to readers.
• Offer clear descriptions ​of any required tools or materials.
• Give your readers a way to measure the success of the finished process.

50 Process Analysis Essay Topics

Writers will have an easier time writing process analysis essays and following the above guidelines for topics they know well. To begin, choose a subject that you enjoy writing about and can explain well. These prompts offer potential process analysis essay topics to get you started.

• How to mow your lawn
• How to win a game of Texas Hold 'em poker
• How to lose weight without losing your mind
• How to find the perfect roommate
• How to move to a different city
• How to achieve academic success in college
• How to pitch a knuckleball in baseball
• How to plan the perfect party
• How to survive a night of babysitting
• How to pitch a tent in the rain
• How to housebreak your dog
• How to kick a bad habit
• How to overcome insomnia
• How to stay sober on a Saturday night
• How to rent your first apartment
• How to avoid a nervous breakdown during exams
• How to enjoy the weekend for less than $20
• How to make the perfect brownies
• How to keep resolve arguments with your spouse
• How to bathe a cat
• How to get what you want by complaining to a company
• How to survive a recession
• How to toilet train a baby
• How to gain self-confidence
• How to use social media sensibly and effectively
• How to wash a sweater
• How to remove stubborn stains
• How to build successful relationships with instructors
• How to give yourself a haircut
• How to plan the perfect class schedule
• How to apply the Heimlich maneuver
• How to end a relationship
• How to make a flaky pie crust
• How to take the best photographs with a smartphone camera
• How to quit smoking
• How to get around without a car
• How to make the perfect cup of coffee or tea
• How to maintain an eco-friendly and affordable lifestyle
• How to build a great sandcastle
• How to edit a video
• How to build and maintain a stable friendship
• How to insert contact lenses
• How to write a great exam
• How to teach responsibility to a child
• How to groom your dog
• How ice cream is made
• How a cell phone takes pictures
• How a magician saws a woman in half
• How solar panels work
• How to choose a major in college

Even More Essay Topic Ideas

If you're still not quite sure what to write about, consider looking through this list of how-to essay ideas . You can get creative with your essay, so focus on picking a topic that you find interesting or engaging. Remember that you can also conduct your research after deciding on a topic, so you don't necessarily have to be an expert on a subject already in order to select it.

• 50 Argumentative Essay Topics
• 100 Persuasive Essay Topics
• Examples of Great Introductory Paragraphs
• 501 Topic Suggestions for Writing Essays and Speeches
• Evaluating a Process Analysis Essay
• Process Analysis Essay: "How to Catch River Crabs"
• How to Write a Great Process Essay
• List of Topics for How-to Essays
• Process Analysis in Composition
• A Sample Essay for Common Application Option #7: Topic of Your Choice
• Tips for the Pre-2013 Personal Essay Options on the Common Application
• Topical Organization Essay
• Expository Essay Genre With Suggested Prompts
• Common Application Essay Option 6: Losing Track of Time
• MBA Essay Tips
• How to Write a Narrative Essay or Speech

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