50 Useful Academic Words & Phrases for Research
Like all good writing, writing an academic paper takes a certain level of skill to express your ideas and arguments in a way that is natural and that meets a level of academic sophistication. The terms, expressions, and phrases you use in your research paper must be of an appropriate level to be submitted to academic journals.
Therefore, authors need to know which verbs , nouns , and phrases to apply to create a paper that is not only easy to understand, but which conveys an understanding of academic conventions. Using the correct terminology and usage shows journal editors and fellow researchers that you are a competent writer and thinker, while using non-academic language might make them question your writing ability, as well as your critical reasoning skills.
What are academic words and phrases?
One way to understand what constitutes good academic writing is to read a lot of published research to find patterns of usage in different contexts. However, it may take an author countless hours of reading and might not be the most helpful advice when faced with an upcoming deadline on a manuscript draft.
Briefly, “academic” language includes terms, phrases, expressions, transitions, and sometimes symbols and abbreviations that help the pieces of an academic text fit together. When writing an academic text–whether it is a book report, annotated bibliography, research paper, research poster, lab report, research proposal, thesis, or manuscript for publication–authors must follow academic writing conventions. You can often find handy academic writing tips and guidelines by consulting the style manual of the text you are writing (i.e., APA Style , MLA Style , or Chicago Style ).
However, sometimes it can be helpful to have a list of academic words and expressions like the ones in this article to use as a “cheat sheet” for substituting the better term in a given context.
How to Choose the Best Academic Terms
You can think of writing “academically” as writing in a way that conveys one’s meaning effectively but concisely. For instance, while the term “take a look at” is a perfectly fine way to express an action in everyday English, a term like “analyze” would certainly be more suitable in most academic contexts. It takes up fewer words on the page and is used much more often in published academic papers.
You can use one handy guideline when choosing the most academic term: When faced with a choice between two different terms, use the Latinate version of the term. Here is a brief list of common verbs versus their academic counterparts:
| ) | |
| add up | calculate |
| carry out | execute |
| find out | discover |
| pass out | distribute |
| ask questions about | interrogate |
| make sense of | interpret |
| pass on | distribute |
Although this can be a useful tip to help academic authors, it can be difficult to memorize dozens of Latinate verbs. Using an AI paraphrasing tool or proofreading tool can help you instantly find more appropriate academic terms, so consider using such revision tools while you draft to improve your writing.
Top 50 Words and Phrases for Different Sections in a Research Paper
The “Latinate verb rule” is just one tool in your arsenal of academic writing, and there are many more out there. But to make the process of finding academic language a bit easier for you, we have compiled a list of 50 vital academic words and phrases, divided into specific categories and use cases, each with an explanation and contextual example.
Best Words and Phrases to use in an Introduction section
1. historically.
An adverb used to indicate a time perspective, especially when describing the background of a given topic.
2. In recent years
A temporal marker emphasizing recent developments, often used at the very beginning of your Introduction section.
3. It is widely acknowledged that
A “form phrase” indicating a broad consensus among researchers and/or the general public. Often used in the literature review section to build upon a foundation of established scientific knowledge.
4. There has been growing interest in
Highlights increasing attention to a topic and tells the reader why your study might be important to this field of research.
5. Preliminary observations indicate
Shares early insights or findings while hedging on making any definitive conclusions. Modal verbs like may , might , and could are often used with this expression.
6. This study aims to
Describes the goal of the research and is a form phrase very often used in the research objective or even the hypothesis of a research paper .
7. Despite its significance
Highlights the importance of a matter that might be overlooked. It is also frequently used in the rationale of the study section to show how your study’s aim and scope build on previous studies.
8. While numerous studies have focused on
Indicates the existing body of work on a topic while pointing to the shortcomings of certain aspects of that research. Helps focus the reader on the question, “What is missing from our knowledge of this topic?” This is often used alongside the statement of the problem in research papers.
9. The purpose of this research is
A form phrase that directly states the aim of the study.
10. The question arises (about/whether)
Poses a query or research problem statement for the reader to acknowledge.
Best Words and Phrases for Clarifying Information
11. in other words.
Introduces a synopsis or the rephrasing of a statement for clarity. This is often used in the Discussion section statement to explain the implications of the study .
12. That is to say
Provides clarification, similar to “in other words.”
13. To put it simply
Simplifies a complex idea, often for a more general readership.
14. To clarify
Specifically indicates to the reader a direct elaboration of a previous point.
15. More specifically
Narrows down a general statement from a broader one. Often used in the Discussion section to clarify the meaning of a specific result.
16. To elaborate
Expands on a point made previously.
17. In detail
Indicates a deeper dive into information.
Points out specifics. Similar meaning to “specifically” or “especially.”
19. This means that
Explains implications and/or interprets the meaning of the Results section .
20. Moreover
Expands a prior point to a broader one that shows the greater context or wider argument.
Best Words and Phrases for Giving Examples
21. for instance.
Provides a specific case that fits into the point being made.
22. As an illustration
Demonstrates a point in full or in part.
23. To illustrate
Shows a clear picture of the point being made.
24. For example
Presents a particular instance. Same meaning as “for instance.”
25. Such as
Lists specifics that comprise a broader category or assertion being made.
26. Including
Offers examples as part of a larger list.
27. Notably
Adverb highlighting an important example. Similar meaning to “especially.”
28. Especially
Adverb that emphasizes a significant instance.
29. In particular
Draws attention to a specific point.
30. To name a few
Indicates examples than previously mentioned are about to be named.
Best Words and Phrases for Comparing and Contrasting
31. however.
Introduces a contrasting idea.
32. On the other hand
Highlights an alternative view or fact.
33. Conversely
Indicates an opposing or reversed idea to the one just mentioned.
34. Similarly
Shows likeness or parallels between two ideas, objects, or situations.
35. Likewise
Indicates agreement with a previous point.
36. In contrast
Draws a distinction between two points.
37. Nevertheless
Introduces a contrasting point, despite what has been said.
38. Whereas
Compares two distinct entities or ideas.
Indicates a contrast between two points.
Signals an unexpected contrast.
Best Words and Phrases to use in a Conclusion section
41. in conclusion.
Signifies the beginning of the closing argument.
42. To sum up
Offers a brief summary.
43. In summary
Signals a concise recap.
44. Ultimately
Reflects the final or main point.
45. Overall
Gives a general concluding statement.
Indicates a resulting conclusion.
Demonstrates a logical conclusion.
48. Therefore
Connects a cause and its effect.
49. It can be concluded that
Clearly states a conclusion derived from the data.
50. Taking everything into consideration
Reflects on all the discussed points before concluding.
Edit Your Research Terms and Phrases Before Submission
Using these phrases in the proper places in your research papers can enhance the clarity, flow, and persuasiveness of your writing, especially in the Introduction section and Discussion section, which together make up the majority of your paper’s text in most academic domains.
However, it's vital to ensure each phrase is contextually appropriate to avoid redundancy or misinterpretation. As mentioned at the top of this article, the best way to do this is to 1) use an AI text editor , free AI paraphrasing tool or AI proofreading tool while you draft to enhance your writing, and 2) consult a professional proofreading service like Wordvice, which has human editors well versed in the terminology and conventions of the specific subject area of your academic documents.
For more detailed information on using AI tools to write a research paper and the best AI tools for research , check out the Wordvice AI Blog .
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adjective as in existing; at this time
Strongest match
Strong matches
- contemporary
Weak matches
- at this moment
- contemporaneous
- for the time being
- in duration
- present-day
- under consideration
adjective as in nearby, here
- accounted for
- in attendance
- made the scene
- on-the-spot
- there with bells on
- within reach
noun as in existing time
Strongest matches
- here and now
- present moment
- the time being
noun as in gift
- benefaction
- benevolence
- tax write-off
verb as in introduce; demonstrate
- proposition
- do the honors
- get-together
- give an introduction
- make a pitch
- open to view
- put forward
verb as in give, hand over
- come up with
- put at disposal
Discover More
Example sentences.
We’re pleased to be present in so many relationships this year, even more so than before.
Republicans, by many accounts, aren’t even considering the arguments being presented in the trial.
We should request that staff conduct a feasibility study and to present the results of that study to this committee by the end of the year.
In five years of Insights puzzles, we’ve tried to present questions that lived up to the column’s name.
He was a tough guy, but also admired and respected by his players and most in the media, present company included.
In his view, a writer has only one duty: to be present in his books.
Angelina Jolie was able to seemingly glide into the Vatican on Thursday to present her new film ‘Unbroken.’
Disordered eating is also linked to higher rates of depression and anxiety, both in the present and in the future.
In the middle of all of that past suffering and present-day conflict, this Cosby bomb was dropped.
The account goes some way in showing just how present the Quds and other forces are in Iraq at this point in time.
But Mrs. Dodd, the present vicar's wife, retained the precious prerogative of choosing the book to be read at the monthly Dorcas.
The Rev. Alonzo Barnard, seventy-one years of age, accompanied by his daughter, was present.
Several pioneers familiar with the facts of the tragedy at the time of its occurrence were also present.
Bacteria, when present in great numbers, give a uniform cloud which cannot be removed by ordinary filtration.
At present, Louis was too self-absorbed by the struggles within him, to look deep into what was passing around him.
Related Words
Words related to present are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word present . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.
verb as in give approval, grant
verb as in inform oneself or another about something new
- come out with
- familiarize
- make familiar
verb as in promote or propose an idea
- beat the drum for
- get ink for
- lay forward
- make a pitch for
- put on the map
- throw spotlight on
Viewing 5 / 193 related words
On this page you'll find 347 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to present, such as: current, begun, being, coeval, commenced, and contemporary.
From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.
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100+ Research Vocabulary Words & Phrases
The academic community can be conservative when it comes to enforcing academic writing style , but your writing shouldn’t be so boring that people lose interest midway through the first paragraph! Given that competition is at an all-time high for academics looking to publish their papers, we know you must be anxious about what you can do to improve your publishing odds.
To be sure, your research must be sound, your paper must be structured logically, and the different manuscript sections must contain the appropriate information. But your research must also be clearly explained. Clarity obviously depends on the correct use of English, and there are many common mistakes that you should watch out for, for example when it comes to articles , prepositions , word choice , and even punctuation . But even if you are on top of your grammar and sentence structure, you can still make your writing more compelling (or more boring) by using powerful verbs and phrases (vs the same weaker ones over and over). So, how do you go about achieving the latter?
Below are a few ways to breathe life into your writing.
1. Analyze Vocabulary Using Word Clouds
Have you heard of “Wordles”? A Wordle is a visual representation of words, with the size of each word being proportional to the number of times it appears in the text it is based on. The original company website seems to have gone out of business, but there are a number of free word cloud generation sites that allow you to copy and paste your draft manuscript into a text box to quickly discover how repetitive your writing is and which verbs you might want to replace to improve your manuscript.
Seeing a visual word cloud of your work might also help you assess the key themes and points readers will glean from your paper. If the Wordle result displays words you hadn’t intended to emphasize, then that’s a sign you should revise your paper to make sure readers will focus on the right information.
As an example, below is a Wordle of our article entitled, “ How to Choose the Best title for Your Journal Manuscript .” You can see how frequently certain terms appear in that post, based on the font size of the text. The keywords, “titles,” “journal,” “research,” and “papers,” were all the intended focus of our blog post.
2. Study Language Patterns of Similarly Published Works
Study the language pattern found in the most downloaded and cited articles published by your target journal. Understanding the journal’s editorial preferences will help you write in a style that appeals to the publication’s readership.
Another way to analyze the language of a target journal’s papers is to use Wordle (see above). If you copy and paste the text of an article related to your research topic into the applet, you can discover the common phrases and terms the paper’s authors used.
For example, if you were writing a paper on links between smoking and cancer , you might look for a recent review on the topic, preferably published by your target journal. Copy and paste the text into Wordle and examine the key phrases to see if you’ve included similar wording in your own draft. The Wordle result might look like the following, based on the example linked above.
If you are not sure yet where to publish and just want some generally good examples of descriptive verbs, analytical verbs, and reporting verbs that are commonly used in academic writing, then have a look at this list of useful phrases for research papers .
3. Use More Active and Precise Verbs
Have you heard of synonyms? Of course you have. But have you looked beyond single-word replacements and rephrased entire clauses with stronger, more vivid ones? You’ll find this task is easier to do if you use the active voice more often than the passive voice . Even if you keep your original sentence structure, you can eliminate weak verbs like “be” from your draft and choose more vivid and precise action verbs. As always, however, be careful about using only a thesaurus to identify synonyms. Make sure the substitutes fit the context in which you need a more interesting or “perfect” word. Online dictionaries such as the Merriam-Webster and the Cambridge Dictionary are good sources to check entire phrases in context in case you are unsure whether a synonym is a good match for a word you want to replace.
To help you build a strong arsenal of commonly used phrases in academic papers, we’ve compiled a list of synonyms you might want to consider when drafting or editing your research paper . While we do not suggest that the phrases in the “Original Word/Phrase” column should be completely avoided, we do recommend interspersing these with the more dynamic terms found under “Recommended Substitutes.”
A. Describing the scope of a current project or prior research
To express the purpose of a paper or research | This paper + [use the verb that originally followed “aims to”] or This paper + (any other verb listed above as a substitute for “explain”) + who/what/when/where/how X. For example: | |
| To introduce the topic of a project or paper | ||
| To describe the analytical scope of a paper or study | *Adjectives to describe degree can include: briefly, thoroughly, adequately, sufficiently, inadequately, insufficiently, only partially, partially, etc. | |
| To preview other sections of a paper | [any of the verbs suggested as replacements for “explain,” “analyze,” and “consider” above] |
B. Outlining a topic’s background
| To discuss the historical significance of a topic | Topic significantly/considerably + + who/what/when/where/how…
*In other words, take the nominalized verb and make it the main verb of the sentence. | |
| To describe the historical popularity of a topic |
| verb] verb] |
| To describe the recent focus on a topic | ||
| To identify the current majority opinion about a topic | ||
| To discuss the findings of existing literature | ||
| To express the breadth of our current knowledge-base, including gaps | ||
| To segue into expressing your research question |
C. Describing the analytical elements of a paper
| To express agreement between one finding and another | ||
| To present contradictory findings | ||
| To discuss limitations of a study |
D. Discussing results
| To draw inferences from results | ||
| To describe observations |
E. Discussing methods
| To discuss methods | ||
| To describe simulations | This study/ research… + “X environment/ condition to..” + [any of the verbs suggested as replacements for “analyze” above] |
F. Explaining the impact of new research
| To explain the impact of a paper’s findings | ||
| To highlight a paper’s conclusion | ||
| To explain how research contributes to the existing knowledge-base |
Wordvice Writing Resources
For additional information on how to tighten your sentences (e.g., eliminate wordiness and use active voice to greater effect), you can try Wordvice’s FREE APA Citation Generator and learn more about how to proofread and edit your paper to ensure your work is free of errors.
Before submitting your manuscript to academic journals, be sure to use our free AI Proofreader to catch errors in grammar, spelling, and mechanics. And use our English editing services from Wordvice, including academic editing services , cover letter editing , manuscript editing , and research paper editing services to make sure your work is up to a high academic level.
We also have a collection of other useful articles for you, for example on how to strengthen your writing style , how to avoid fillers to write more powerful sentences , and how to eliminate prepositions and avoid nominalizations . Additionally, get advice on all the other important aspects of writing a research paper on our academic resources pages .
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'This study' or 'The present study'? [closed]
In writing up a dissertation, which one of the following should I use:
- This study identifies the importance of ...
- The present study identifies the importance of ...
- This study, as I'm sure there are many studies being written presently. How strange would it be to read that dissertation in ten years? ;) – Julia Commented Sep 23, 2015 at 4:59
- 1 A common problem in academic writing: authors do have to decide between "this paper", "the present paper", "the current paper", "our paper", etc. to denote the piece actually being written. Some of these terms seem clumsy or inaccurate, others (such as "this") are highly ambiguous. I am quite curious whether there's a justifiable stand in this quandary. – anemone Commented Sep 23, 2015 at 11:29
- This cannot be answered except by personal opinion. (Unless you have a style guide that recommends one, in which case you should tell us about it.)\ – curiousdannii Commented Sep 26, 2015 at 11:41
- How stuffy do you want to sound? (They are equivalent, save for the fact that the second avoids using "this", which is considered nearly as impolite as saying "I" or "me" in such a study.) – Hot Licks Commented Oct 26, 2015 at 12:07
4 Answers 4
'The present study' is generally preferred to distinguish the present work from other studies being referred to, especially in the near vicinity of the reference to 'the present study' - is it simply a formulaic way of distinguishing between your own study and that of others. If there is no such ambiguity possible (and keeping in mind tired/busy readers), especially where one has just mentioned 'the present study', 'this study may be acceptable and, in some instances, preferable.
- Welcome to EL&U. You could consider combining the two answers copying one of them and paste it. Thanks. – user140086 Commented Nov 4, 2015 at 10:06
here is a nice example, from here - http://www.uefap.com/writing/genre/introd.htm :
"However, even though many studies have reported an increased use of computers in education, there has been very little research reported on the effectiveness of such use. The purpose of the present study is therefore to ascertain the effectiveness of using computer-assisted instruction as compared to traditional classroom instruction in an EAP writing class"
To me, "This Study" gives us specifically no inkling into other studies on the concerned field, rather leaves us in the dark.
On the otherhand, "the present study", at the onset, makes it clear that there have been other studies, however, the the present one is concening / dedicated to.........
THIS STUDY depends mostly on readers' presumption about other studies.
THE PRESENT STUDY keeps clear of such ambiguities/ vagueness.
I have reviewed grant proposals for 20+ years, and thousands of papers. I have also been funded 20 times over, and have over 200 peer reviewed publications. I find "the present study" to be a very awkward phrase and have only seen it in use in the last 2-3 years. "This study", "the proposed study", "the study described here" are far more "reader friendly" than "the current" or "the present" study.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged word-usage or ask your own question .
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Synonyms and antonyms of present in English
- TO GIVE SOMETHING TO SOMEONE
Synonyms and examples
Antonym and example, see words related to present.
- SOMETHING THAT YOU GIVE
present | American Thesaurus
The present.
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a piece of work or a job that you get paid for doing in addition to doing your main job
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Synonyms of presents
- as in offers
- as in introduces
- as in donates
- as in todays
- as in gifts
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Thesaurus Definition of presents
(Entry 1 of 3)
Synonyms & Similar Words
- comes out with
- impersonates
- reintroduces
- reacquaints
- contributes
- administers
- metes (out)
- forks (over, out, or up)
- pungles (up)
Antonyms & Near Antonyms
Thesaurus Definition of presents (Entry 2 of 3)
- here and nows
- yesteryears
- by - and - bys
Thesaurus Definition of presents (Entry 3 of 3)
- presentations
- contributions
- generosities
- beneficences
- care packages
- benevolences
- benefactions
- remembrances
- philanthropies
- peace offerings
Thesaurus Entries Near presents
presentments
preservation
Cite this Entry
“Presents.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/presents. Accessed 29 Jun. 2024.
More from Merriam-Webster on presents
Nglish: Translation of presents for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of presents for Arabic Speakers
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Present Research synonyms - 139 Words and Phrases for Present Research. current research. n. current investigation. n. existing research. contemporary analysis. n. contemporary examination.
Most related words/phrases with sentence examples define Present research meaning and usage. Thesaurus for Present research. Related terms for present research- synonyms, antonyms and sentences with present research. Lists. synonyms. antonyms. definitions. sentences. thesaurus. Parts of speech. nouns. verbs. Synonyms
Provides clarification, similar to "in other words.". Example The reaction is exothermic; that is to say, it releases heat. 13. To put it simply. Simplifies a complex idea, often for a more general readership. Example The universe is vast; to put it simply, it is larger than anything we can truly imagine. 14.
Synonyms for Present Study (other words and phrases for Present Study). Synonyms for Present study. 101 other terms for present study- words and phrases with similar meaning. Lists. synonyms. antonyms. definitions. sentences. thesaurus. ... late research. n. late review. n. late studies. n. Join PRO for more terms! Alternatively.
Find 169 different ways to say PRESENT, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
Common usage. systematic study. cross-cultural study. national study. study of extensions. direction of the study. global study. in-depth study. special study.
Wordvice provides high-quality English proofreading and editing services.We have helped thousands of researchers, students, writers, and businesses maximize the impact of their writing. Here are 100+ active verbs to make your research writing more engaging. Includes additional tops to improve word and phrase choices.
Synonyms for research include investigation, examination, exploration, analysis, study, experimentation, fact-finding, inquiry, probe and probing. Find more similar ...
1. 'The present study' is generally preferred to distinguish the present work from other studies being referred to, especially in the near vicinity of the reference to 'the present study' - is it simply a formulaic way of distinguishing between your own study and that of others. If there is no such ambiguity possible (and keeping in mind tired ...
Synonyms for Present-day Research (other words and phrases for Present-day Research). Synonyms for Present-day research. 143 other terms for present-day research- words and phrases with similar meaning. Lists. synonyms. antonyms. definitions. sentences. thesaurus. Parts of speech. nouns. verbs. suggest new.
Examples of present research in a sentence, how to use it. 20 examples: It should be noted that for the purposes of the present research, family is defined as the extended…
Synonyms for PRESENT: offer, give, stage, carry, perform, show, mount, display; Antonyms of PRESENT: keep, hold, retain, withhold, preserve, save, lend, advance
PRESENT - Synonyms, related words and examples | Cambridge English Thesaurus
Synonyms for present include existent, immediate, current, existing, extant, instant, ongoing, prompt, breathing and commenced. Find more similar words at wordhippo.com!
Synonyms for RESEARCH: investigation, inquiry, study, exploration, examination, probing, probe, inspection, inquisition, delving
PRESENT RESEARCH meaning | Definition, pronunciation, translations and examples in American English
PRESENT RESEARCH definition | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples
Synonyms for PRESENTS: offers, gives, carries, stages, performs, shows, displays, mounts; Antonyms of PRESENTS: holds, keeps, retains, preserves, saves, lends ...
Enter a word, phrase, description, or pattern above to find synonyms, related words, and more. CivicSearch preview: Search U.S. local government meetings . Synonyms and related words for research from OneLook Thesaurus, a powerful English thesaurus and brainstorming tool that lets you describe what you're looking for in plain terms.
To depict pictorially or artistically. To be visible, to be seen. To provide a listener or reader with information. To demonstrate through discourse or discussion. To make an appearance. To host a show or event. Noun. The voluntary giving of alms or aid to those in need. Plural for denotes the current period in time.
Practice, practice, practice. "You should practice presenting to your colleagues or someone with expertise in your topic of research to prepare for the kind of questions you may be asked by the judges," Dr. Henry said. You also should practice how you'll show the judges that you're engaged and knowledgeable, said Dr. Ogunbayo.
Present research definition based on common meanings and most popular ways to define words related to present research. Power definitions of Present research. Meaning via related definitions. Lists. synonyms. antonyms. definitions. sentences. thesaurus. No direct definitions yet. Words. present. verb.
Here, we present the complete genome sequences and annotations of two species of the Pseudomonas genus isolated from marine and terrestrial environments. Both genomes and their annotations are available on BacBrowse (https://BacBrowse.univ-nantes.fr). This study will contribute to better understanding of the diversity present within the Pseudomonas genus. ### Competing Interest Statement The ...
Orthographic processing is an open problem. Decades of visual word recognition research have fueled the development of various theoretical frameworks. Although these frameworks have had good explanatory power, various recent results cannot be satisfactorily captured in any model. In order to account for old and new phenomena alike, here I present a new theory of how the brain computes letter ...