my home essay with modal verbs

Modal Verbs: Useful Rules, List and Examples in English

Are you struggling to understand the concept of modal verbs? Look no further! In this article, we will dive into the basics of modal verbs and provide you with a clear understanding of their function in English grammar.

It is important to note that modal verbs have a unique set of rules that differ from regular verbs. For example, they do not use an “s” for the third person singular, and they make questions by inversion. It is also important to understand the different nuances of each modal verb and how they are used in context. So, let’s get started and explore the world of modal verbs together!

Definition of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They are also known as modal auxiliary verbs or simply modals. Modal verbs are used to express different kinds of meanings such as possibility, ability, permission, necessity, and more.

Modal verbs are always used in combination with ordinary verbs and they change the meaning of the verb to something different from simple fact. They are commonly used in English and are an essential part of the language.

The following are some of the most common modal verbs in English:

Each of these modal verbs has a specific meaning and usage in English. For example, “can” is used to express ability, “may” is used to express possibility, and “must” is used to express necessity.

Modal verbs are also used to create different tenses in English. For example, “could” is used to create the past conditional tense, while “will” is used to create the future tense.

It is important to note that modal verbs do not have infinitive or participle forms. They are always used in their base form, and they do not take the -ing or -ed endings.

In summary, modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They are used to express different kinds of meanings such as possibility, ability, permission, necessity, and more. Understanding the usage of modal verbs is essential for effective communication in English.

Types of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express a range of meanings such as ability, permission, possibility, obligation, and advice. Here are the different types of modal verbs:

Modal verbs of ability express whether you are capable of doing something or not. The most common modal verbs of ability are “can” and “could.” Here are some examples:

You can speak English fluently.
I could run a marathon when I was younger.

Modal verbs of permission express whether you are allowed to do something or not. The most common modal verbs of permission are “may” and “can.” Here are some examples:

May I leave early today?
Can I borrow your car for the weekend?

Possibility

Modal verbs of possibility express the likelihood of something happening. The most common modal verbs of possibility are “may,” “might,” “could,” and “can.” Here are some examples:

It may rain later today.
The train might be delayed.
She could be at home.

Modal verbs of obligation express whether you are required to do something or not. The most common modal verbs of obligation are “must” and “should.” Here are some examples:

You must submit your report by Friday.
You should apologize for your mistake.

Modal verbs of advice express recommendations or suggestions. The most common modal verbs of advice are “should” and “ought to.” Here are some examples:

You should exercise regularly to stay healthy.
You ought to try the new restaurant in town.

In summary, modal verbs are essential in expressing different meanings in English. Understanding the different types of modal verbs can help you communicate more effectively and accurately.

Modal Verbs: Rules & Examples

Learn how and when to use modal verbs in English with rules and example sentences.

1. To indicate that something is probable or possible, or not so.

For example:

It is sunny today; it must be warm outside. = It is sunny today; it is probably warm outside.
His mobile is not reachable; he may/might/could be travelling by metro. = His mobile is not reachable; it is possible that he is travelling by metro.
This can’t be our bill. = It is not possible that this is our bill.

2. ‘Can’ and ‘could’ are used to refer to skills and abilities.

He can cover a hundred metres in under ten seconds.
My father could see perfectly before the age of fifty.
I can’t ride a horse.

3. ‘Must’ is used to indicate that something is necessary or of extreme importance, and ‘should’ is used to suggest that something is advisable.

You must do your homework.
You mustn’t skip school.
You should say sorry.
You shouldn’t smoke.

4. ‘Can’, ‘could’ and ‘may’ are used to ask for, give and withhold permission.

Can I try my hand at it?
Could we disperse early today?
You may not enter the premises.

5. ‘Will’ and ‘would’ are used to refer to habits and inclinations.

When I was a child, I would often climb trees.
I will never refuse you anything.
He would never do such a thing.

Note : These verbs differ from ordinary verbs in 3 respects.

When used with the third person singular (he, she), they don’t require the addition of an ‘s’.
They can be used to form questions by inverting the structure of the sentence.
They can be followed directly by the verb, without the use of ‘to’.

Usage of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are an essential part of English grammar. They are used to express a variety of meanings such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. In this section, we will discuss the usage of modal verbs in statements, questions, and negative sentences.

In Statements

Modal verbs are often used in statements to express various meanings. Here are some examples:

Ability: “I can speak French fluently.”
Possibility: “It may rain tomorrow.”
Permission: “You may leave the room now.”
Obligation: “You must finish your homework before going out.”

Note that when using modal verbs in statements, the main verb is always in its base form (infinitive) without “to.”

In Questions

Modal verbs are also commonly used in questions to ask for permission, ability, or possibility. Here are some examples:

Permission: “May I leave the room now?”
Ability: “Can you swim?”
Possibility: “Could it be true?”

In questions, the modal verb is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence.

In Negative Sentences

Modal verbs can also be used in negative sentences to express the absence of ability, permission, or obligation. Here are some examples:

Ability: “I cannot speak French fluently.”
Permission: “You may not leave the room now.”
Obligation: “You must not forget to lock the door.”

In negative sentences, the word “not” is added after the modal verb.

It is important to note that some modal verbs have different meanings depending on the context. For example, “must” can express obligation, but it can also be used to express a strong recommendation or deduction. In addition, some modal verbs have more than one form, such as “may” and “might,” which can both be used to express possibility.

Overall, modal verbs are an important part of English grammar and are used in a variety of contexts. By understanding their usage in statements, questions, and negative sentences, you can improve your English communication skills.

Common Modal Verb Phrases

Modal verbs are often used with other verbs to create phrases that convey a specific meaning. Here are some common modal verb phrases and their meanings:

Can’t help but – This phrase is used to express that you cannot stop yourself from doing something. For example, “I can’t help but smile when I see puppies.”
Have to – This phrase is used to express obligation or necessity. For example, “I have to finish my homework before I can go out.”
Need to – This phrase is used to express that something is necessary. For example, “I need to drink water after exercising.”
Should have – This phrase is used to express regret about something that was not done in the past. For example, “I should have studied more for the test.”
Would rather – This phrase is used to express a preference. For example, “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”
Must have – This phrase is used to express certainty about something that happened in the past. For example, “He must have left his phone at home.”
Might as well – This phrase is used to suggest doing something because there is no reason not to. For example, “Since we have some extra time, we might as well go for a walk.”

Modal verb phrases can be very useful in expressing specific meanings and adding nuance to your language. It’s important to use them correctly and in the appropriate context.

Modal Verbs vs Auxiliary Verbs

When it comes to understanding the English language, it’s important to know the difference between modal verbs and auxiliary verbs. While both of these types of verbs are used to help the main verb in a sentence, there are some key differences between them.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs, also known as modal auxiliary verbs, are a group of verbs that give additional information about the function of the main verb. They show possibility, intent, ability, or necessity. Modal verbs do not change their appearance, and they are used alongside the infinitive form of the main verb of a sentence.

Some common examples of modal verbs include:

Modal verbs are used to show if you believe something is certain, possible, or impossible. They can also be used to talk about ability, ask permission, and make requests and offers.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs , also known as helping verbs, are used to help the main verb in a sentence. They change according to certain factors in the sentence, such as tense, person, and number.

Some common examples of auxiliary verbs include:

Auxiliary verbs can be used to form different tenses, such as the present perfect or past continuous. They can also be used to form questions and negatives.

In summary, the main difference between modal verbs and auxiliary verbs is that modal verbs do not change their appearance, while auxiliary verbs change according to certain factors in the sentence. Understanding the difference between these two types of verbs can help you to use them correctly in your writing and speaking.

Modal Verbs in Different Tenses

When it comes to tenses, modal verbs are quite unique. Unlike regular verbs, modal verbs do not change their form to indicate different tenses. They are used in their base form regardless of the time frame.

Modal verbs can refer to present and future time, but only some of them can refer to past time. Here is a table showing the modal verbs that can be used to refer to past time:

For example, “I could swim when I was younger” or “He would always help me with my homework.”

It’s important to note that when using modal verbs to refer to past time, the main verb in the sentence should be in the base form as well. For example, “I could have gone to the party, but I decided not to.”

In addition to the past time usage, here are some examples of how modal verbs can be used in different tenses:

Present: “You should eat more vegetables.”
Future: “We will have to leave early tomorrow.”
Perfect: “He must have forgotten his phone at home.”
Continuous: “They might be playing tennis right now.”

Overall, modal verbs are a versatile and useful tool in English grammar. By understanding how they can be used in different tenses, you can effectively communicate your intentions and convey meaning in your writing and speech.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some examples of modal verbs in English?

Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. Some examples of modal verbs in English include can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, and would.

How many modal verbs are there in English?

There are nine modal verbs in English: can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, and would.

What is the definition of modal verbs and how are they used?

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express various meanings such as ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are followed by the base form of a verb and do not change their form based on the subject of the sentence. Modal verbs can also be used to make requests, give advice, and express opinions.

What is a good worksheet for practicing modal verbs?

There are many worksheets available online for practicing modal verbs. One good worksheet is the “Modal Verbs Practice” worksheet from Englishlinx.com. This worksheet includes exercises for practicing the different uses of modal verbs in English.

What are some common sentences using modal verbs?

Some common sentences using modal verbs include:

I can swim.
You should study for the test.
He may arrive late.
We must finish the project by Friday.
They could come to the party.

How do you pronounce modal verbs correctly?

Modal verbs are pronounced with stress on the first syllable. For example, can is pronounced as “kan,” may is pronounced as “may,” and must is pronounced as “must.”

thank you so much

Its amazing

Thank you. This would help me with my students.

Modal Verbs – Uses, Examples & Worksheet

| Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.

When you ask someone, “Can I go out?” you might get a sarcastic “You can, but you may not.” response. That’s because “can” and “may” are modal verbs that suggest different meanings. My dad used to drive me crazy as a kid with remarks like that.

Modal verbs are a type of verb found before the main verb. Keep reading to learn modal verbs’ definitions and uses. You’ll also see how to correctly use them in sentences because I’ve got a ton of examples to share with you.

What is a Modal Verb?

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Modal verbs are verbs that express advice, capability, proposals, or hypothetical conditions. These verbs are different from normal verbs, such as tell, think, and reuse.

This type of verb can be found before an action verb to give it an additional meaning. As auxiliary verbs, modal verbs cannot stand independently to complete a sentence.

Here’s an example of how a modal verb gives shades of meaning to a sentence.

Trina and Joan play the piano.

Trina and Joan might play the piano.

Another verb always follows modal verbs in base form. Remember not to conjugate the verb. For example:

Incorrect: She can plays the piano.

Correct: She can play the piano.

What are the 9 Modal Verbs?

The nine modal verbs with modal meanings are:

Other modal verbs you can use are ought to, need to, have to, and might as well. We can use these modals to express obligation, permission, and suggestion,

What are the 4 Main Types of Modals?

Modal verbs can be divided into four main types.

Modals of Deduction

Modals of deduction are also known as modals of probability or certainty. These verbs help the speaker show that they are confident or not of something. The primary modals of deduction are must, might, may, and could. For example:

The students must be practicing right now.
I may not be here for a long time.

Modals of Ability

Modals of ability show one’s ability or lack thereof. The main ability modal verbs are can, cannot, be able to, and could. For example:

She’s been able to drive a truck since she was sixteen.
He cannot understand English.

Modals of Requests, Offers, and Permission

Modal verbs of requests, offers, and permission help the speaker inquire about permission. The modals in this category are can, could, and may. For example:

May I go to the bathroom?

Modals of Advice, Obligation, and Prohibition

This type of modal verb helps say something important or not. You can also use them to make suggestions and give advice. These modals include have to, must, can, and cannot. For example:

You must do all your homework before you go out.
I think we can park in this spot.

What’s the Difference Between Modal and Auxiliary Verbs?

A helper verb or auxiliary verb is a type of verb that adds grammatical meaning to clauses’ meanings. You can use these verbs to show modality, tense, voice, and more. That means modal verbs are only a type of auxiliary verbs. For example:

I should go back to sleep.

In this sentence, should adds grammatical functions to the sentence by showing obligation. Other modal verbs can be used to show willingness, certainty, necessity, ability, permission, advice, and possibility.

How Do We Use Modals?

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There are many ways we can use modal verbs. Follow these formulas when constructing your sentences.

Can, Could, Be Able To

Use these modal verbs to show a subject’s ability or lack of ability. Remember to add not for the negative form.

To show the present and future tense, follow these structures.

Can/can’t + base form

I can’t go to the mall later. (future)

Gina can sing well. (present)

Am/is/are/will be + able to + base form.

She is able to speak Italian. (present)

My friends will be able to attend the seminar. (future)

Am not/isn’t/won’t be + able to + base form.

Freddie won’t be able to buy the new toy. (future)

The past form of modal verbs showing ability follows this verb structure. Note that you can also use could for an action happening over a period of time.

Could/Couldn’t + base form of verbs

I could fly kites when I was a kid. (positive form)

I couldn’t reach the ceiling when I was young. (negative form)

The modal verb can can also be used to express permission or request permission. Here are the most common structures.

Can + subject + base form (Note that this structure is used to request for permission in informal situations. Do not use this in formal situations).

Can you buy me the new album?

Can/Can’t + base form

You can borrow my car.

Follow this structure when making a polite suggestion.

Could + base form

You could change your hairstyle.

The family could visit the castle tomorrow.

Modal verbs can also express the possibility and impossibility of something using this construction.

Can/Can’t/Could/Couldn’t + base form

You can arrive at the venue early if you leave now.

Like can and could, may and might can show the possibility or negative impossibility of something.

may/might + base form

It might be sunny tomorrow.

Mike might attend the party tomorrow night.

May not/might nor + base form

The Rooneys may not go to Canada this Christmas.

Follow this verb combination to make a polite suggestion.

May + subject + verb’s base form.

May I excuse myself?

The modal verb may is useful when giving formal permission or prohibition.

May/may not + base form

You may open your notes while answering the test.

Use may as well or might as well to create a suggestion for the last resort.

May/might as well + base form

The class may as well skip the examination.

Must, Have to, Need to, Needn’t, Don’t Have To

These modal verbs usually show necessity or requirement. Have to shows external obligation because the obligation comes from outside the speaker. The same is true with must and need to. Here are some ways to use them.

must/need to/have to/ + base form (for present and future tenses).

One must wear comfortable shoes for a successful hike.

They need to download the application to answer the test.

You have to light a candle for her tonight.

Had to/needed to + base form of the verb (past tense).

She needed a break from her student government duties.

I had to go to the gym last weekend.

Notice how must cannot be expressed in past tense sentences.

When trying to show that you are almost sure about something, follow this modal and main verb combination.

Must + base form of the verb.

Your parents are singers, so your voice must be excellent.

Use this formula when persuading someone.

Must/have to + base form

You must buy this bag. It’s spacious and perfect for school.

You have to listen to their music now.

Follow this structure when prohibiting someone.

Must not + base form

You must not drink and drive.

Shall, Should, Ought To

The modal verb shall is ideal for giving assistance or respectful suggestions. You can use it when you are certain of a positive answer

Shall + subject + verb’s base form

Shall we dance?

If you’re not sure of a positive answer, the correct verb to use should. Below is the proper construction.

Should + subject + root verb

Should I ask my mother about it?

Use shall in formal or legal situations. These sentences usually have a passive voice.

Shall + be + past participle.

The plaintiff shall be permitted to talk.

Should is ideal for making predictions or showing expectations about something. These sentences are also in passive voice.

should/shouldn’t + base form

This book should be finished next week.

You shouldn’t be worried. Turbulence isn’t dangerous.

Use should when giving advice. Here’s the correct structure with some common examples.

Should + base form

The manager should attend meetings on time.

You should submit your paper on time.

Ought to shows a sense of obligation like should .

Ought to + base form

Katy ought to have her teeth checked this week.

Will and Would

Will is a modal verb used to show the simple future tense.

Will/won’t + base form

I will pick you up later.

You can even use will and would to request something.

Will/Would + you + base form

Will you open the door for me?

Would you care if I borrowed your phone?

Would is a modal verb that expresses habitual past action.

Would/Would not + base form of the verb

When I was seven, we would always eat breakfast at his restaurant.

Using Modal Verbs in Sentences

You can use modals in the future and present time, showing different verb tenses to express hypotheticals and general events. But remember that not all modals can refer to a past situation.

Present Tenses

Here’s how to express verb phrases with modals in different present tenses.

Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is the easiest. Just place the modal verb before the main verb, then use the base form of the verb. For example:

I can eat that entire tub of ice cream.

When asking a question in the simple present tense, write the modal verb, subject, then the root verb. For example:

Can I eat an entire tub of ice cream?

Present Continuous

The present continuous tense shows action in progress or habitual action. Write the modal verb, be, and the -ing form of the verb. For example:

I should be eating an entire tub of ice cream.

Present Perfect Continuous

This verb tense helps you express something that started happening in the past and continues in the present. But its grammatical function changes because there’s a modal verb before it.

The present perfect continuous tense requires a modal verb, “have been,” and the -ing verb form. For example:

I should have been eating ice cream.

In this sentence, should have been expresses what one thinks should have occurred in the past but did not occur.

Past Tenses and Present Perfect

Not all modal verbs can be expressed in the past tense, especially when you want to describe a hypothetical situation. The general rule is that can and will have simple past forms.

Simple Past

Conjugate can and will into their past forms: could and would. Have to become had to, while need to becomes needed to. But other modal verbs should not be used in past tense sentences. As usual, the formula is the modal verb plus the root verb. For example:

In eighth grade, I could not submit my English project on time.
I was at the department store because I needed to buy art materials.

Past Continuous

The past continuous or past progressive tense expresses an ongoing action happening at a certain point in the past. As with simple past, past continuous only uses could and would. After the modal verb, write have and the past participle of the verb. For example:

I could be enjoying the sunset in Santorini right now.

In this sentence, could be is used to express something untrue or hypothetical.

Present Perfect

The present perfect tense is another verb tense that uses past actions related to the present. It can also show an action continuing into the present. Use have and the past participle instead of the bare infinitive of the main verb.

Use the modal verb have even if the subject is third-person. For example:

I must have forgotten the time.

In this sentence, must have does not express something essential. Instead, must have is used when we feel sure about what happened.

If you are using the modal verb can, transform it into the past tense, could. For example:

I could have gotten into Brown if I did more extra-curricular activities.

In this sentence, could have means something you had the ability to perform in the past but failed or didn’t do.

Future Tense

The simple future tense is relatively easy to use with modals. That’s because most of them already use will. You can also use should, shall, and can as alternatives. All you need to do is use the modal verb and then the base form of the verb. For example:

We can eat ice cream tomorrow.

Other Rules for Using Modals

Modals are more straightforward than you think. Remember these four rules when using modal verbs.

Constructing Verb Phrases

As seen in the structures above, modal verbs always come first in verb phrases. Then, they are followed by bare infinitives. For example:

A few years ago, my family and I would go to the park every weekend.

Lina spent three years in Paris and two years in Florence. She must be good at French and Italian.

Remember that the bare infinitive does not include the word to. For example:

Incorrect: Nora might to be with us this weekend.

Correct: Nora might be with us this weekend.

Do not use to be as the full infinitive after the words might, should, will, may, or can. The correct term to use is be. That means you can also say, “Nora will be with us this weekend,” “Nora should be with us this weekend,” or “Nora can be with us this weekend.”

Don’t Add -s, -ed, or -ing to Modals

Try to think of modal verbs as the linking verb is. Don’t change them into the present, future, or past form. Modal verbs do not require these suffixes to show a verb tense. For example:

Incorrect: I canned climb trees when I was young.

Correct: I could climb trees when I was young.

Negative and Interrogative Forms

Like other auxiliaries, modal verbs can be expressed in interrogative and negative forms. I would add the word not after the modal verb for negative sentences. For example:

You must not go inside.

For interrogative sentences, the formula is modal verb + subject + base form.

Will she go with us?

Modal Verbs in a Nutshell

The English language is composed of several types of verbs, like Irregular verbs, regular verbs, copular verbs, dynamic verbs, and modal verbs. And you’ve probably seen modal verbs hundreds of times without knowing what they are.

Remember that modal verbs express advice, abilities, possibility, permission, or special conditions. When writing verb phrases, put the modal verbs first, then the bare infinitive.

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Part Three Editing / Grammar Skills

Unit 15 Modals

Learning Objectives

To understand what modals are and what principles they follow
To learn the challenges and strategies in using appropriate modals
To learn the meanings and uses of modals and modal-like expressions through multiple examples
To practice using modals through a variety of writing situations

showcase of culture artifacts at entrance of ESL & Linguistics Department at Harper College

The following ten sentences are about some customs from different countries. The modal and main verb are bold-faced in each sentence. If the bold-faced part is correct, choose “correct”. If not, choose the other answer. After you finish one sentence, you will get instant feedback on your answer before the next sentence. If you make mistakes, you can retry all the questions or see all the answers at the end of the pre-test.

II. Principles of Using Modals

As you have learned in Unit 9 Verb Basics in Academic Writing ( Open Unit 9 here ) , modals are an important part of the verb family. They are considered helping verbs, also called auxiliary verbs. Most modals follow the following principles:

1. They cannot exist by themselves. They are followed by the base form of main verbs to show different meanings and tones.

modal + base form of main verb = complete verb

In the United States, people should call ahead before visiting someone. ( no “calls, called, calling, to call” )
People must not show the “OK” gesture [1] with the thumb and index finger in Mexico. ( no “shows, showed, showing, to show” )

2. Contractions are common are in modals, such as “shouldn’t” and “mustn’t”. However, “may” and “might” do not have a contraction form. It is wrong to write “mayn’t” and “mightn’t”.

two words "yes" and "no" with "yes" crossed out

Small children mayn’t stay ( may not stay ) alone at home in the United States.
It mightn’t be ( might not be ) a good idea for children to stay in their friend’s home overnight.

3. Some expressions are called modal-like expressions. There is a “to” in them, and the base form of the verb follows the “to”. These expressions include: be able to, be supposed to, have to, have got to, ought to, and some others.

People have to come on time for an appointment in the United States.
They are supposed to explain the reasons if they are late.

4. Some modals and modal-like expressions are often used in conversations only.

In Thailand, people had better not touch the head of a statue.
In the U.S. restaurants, customers have got to tip the waiters and waitresses.

Exercise 1. The following sentences are about dining customs in some countries. There are mistakes in the form of modals and main verbs. Identify each mistake by underlining the whole verb (modal + main verb) and then correct the mistake. If the main verb is missing, add it.

Example :

People can to learn ( can learn ) about different customs and traditions when they travel abroad.

Dinning traditions may the most interesting to most people.
In Kenya, guests should to wash their hands both before and after the meal. They cannot sitting with their feet and toes pointing toward any of the other guests or the food. Kenyans do not use utensils [2] . They eat with their right hand. They must not to use their left hand during the whole meal.
Americans and Europeans have opposite dinning etiquettes [3] . Americans should holds the knife in their right hand and the fork in their left hand, but the Europeans are suppose to hold the knife in their left hand and the fork in their right hand.
People in Morocco practice communal [4] eating. This means that they eat from the communal bowl closest to them. A person must eats using his or her right hand. The left hand mayn’t be used to get food. If a bone is taken, the person supposed to suck the marrow [5] from it.

III. Challenges in Learning Modals and the Strategies in Using Them

1. The same modal may have different meanings in different contexts.

I can drive a car because I have a driver’s license. (permission)
I can drive a car because I know how to drive. (ability)

2. The same meaning can be expressed with different modals, but the tone or level of strength is different.

In order to drive in the U.S, a person must have a driver’s license. (stronger)
In order to drive in the U.S, a person has to have a driver’s license. (less strong)

3. Some modals have the appearance of past tense, but they have a present or future meaning.

Most cultural traditions stay for generations, but some might change quickly.
People had better learn the customs of another country when they travel there.

Strategies:

1. Understand a modal, its meaning, its time (past, present, future), and its form together as a “package”.

In many countries in the past, young people had to follow the custom of the arranged marriage.
In some countries nowadays and in the near future, some young people still must follow the custom of the arranged marriage.

In both sentences, “had to follow” and “must follow” have the same meaning: obligation, responsibility, necessity.

However, the first sentence shows the meaning in the past, and its form is “had to + follow”.

In the second sentence, the same meaning is expressed in present and future sense, and its form is “must + follow”.

Therefore, try not to study modals in isolation [6] . Instead, understand them in the context and study the “package”.

2. Use the same strategy as in learning other aspects of English: practice, practice, and practice.

IV. Uses of Modals and Modal-Like Expressions

Meaning : advice, suggestions

In the United States, customers should tip the waiters or waitresses for their service. (present)
Customers ought to tip the waiters or waitresses for their service. (less common) (present)
They can tip /could tip 10 – 20% of the food bill. (present, softer tone)
Customers should not leave the restaurant without tipping the waiters or waitresses. (present)

Exercise 2. Give at least two suggestions for each of the following situations.

One of your classmates is going to visit your country as a tourist in summer .

Suggestion #1 : You should bring a few extra bottles of sunscreen because my country Colombia is near the equator and the sun is very intense.

Suggestion #2: You ought to try bandeja paisa. It is Colombia’s unofficial national dish.

One of your siblings has found an American boyfriend (or girlfriend)
One of your relatives is planning to study at Harper College for the first time.
One of your American friends is going to study at a university in your native country.
One of your professors is considering studying your native language.
One of your friends is nervous about meeting his parents-in-law for the first time.

Meaning: abilities

A 19th-century illustrated Sanskrit manuscript from the Bhagavad Gita, composed c. 400 BCE – 200 BCE.

There are many languages in India. Many people there can speak more than 5 different ones. (present)
They are able to speak Hindi, English, and some regional dialects. (present)
The Indian government recognizes twenty-three official languages, but most people cannot speak all of them. (present)
People in ancient Indian could speak Sanskrit, one of the earliest languages. (past)
They were able to speak Sanskrit as early as 2000 BC. (past)

Meaning: permissions

In Canada, college students can address / may address their professors by the first name. (present)
In Canada, college students could not drink alcohol in class fifty years ago, and they still cannot . (past, present)
In Ukraine, college students cannot call / may not call their professors by the first name. It is considered very impolite. (present)

Exercise 3. Finish the following sentences to express ability and permission.

When I was a child, I could climb a tree . (ability)

When I was a child, I could ____________________. (ability)
When I was a child, I could not ____________________ (ability)
Now I am an adult. I can ____________________ (ability)
Now I am an adult. I cannot ____________________. (ability)
When I was a student in my home country, I could ____________________ (permission)
When I was a student in my home country, I could not ____________________ (permission)
Now I am a student in the U.S. I can ____________________ (permission)
Now I am a student in the U.S. I cannot ____________________ (permission)

Meaning: necessity, obligation, responsibility

In Iraqi formal greetings, people must use a person’s surname and title, for example, Dr. Kazem. (present)
Men have to stand to greet a woman when she enters the room. (present)
A long time ago in Iraq, everyone had to stand when an elderly person arrived. This custom has remained to this day. (past)
In Iraqi culture, people do not have to kiss each other as a way of greeting. Handshaking is common. (present)

Meaning: prohibition [7]

People must not whistle inside a Mongolian ger, a round-shaped dwelling. (present)
In a ger, people must not point their feet to the north end. (present)

Exercise 4. Discuss the following questions. What are the answers in your home country? What are the answers in the United States?

Must people get married first if they want to live together?
Do people have to get their parents’ permission to get married?
Must men serve in the military?
Do school children have to wear uniforms?
What are the things you must not do on the street?
What are the things you must not do during a test?
What are the questions you must not ask a lady?

Meaning: possibilities

In Japan, parents do not kiss each other in front of their children. They must think / may think / might think / could think it improper [8] for the children to see their intimacy [9] . (present)
This custom may change / might change /could change in the near future. The young generation should welcome / may welcome / might welcome / could welcome this change. (future)
Some words are the same in writing in both Chinese and Japanese. However, the meanings of these words may not be / might not be the same. (present)

Meaning: expectations

On March 8, the International Women’s Day, men are supposed to buy flowers for women in Russia and many other Eastern European countries. (present)
On that day, women are not supposed to do much housework. They are supposed to take a day off. (present)
Last year, Natalia’s husband was supposed to buy flowers for her, but he forgot. (past)

Meaning: preferences

In some countries, people prefer arranged marriages. Parents would rather pick someone as their future son-in-law or daughter-in-law than let their child decide. (present)
Some young people would rather not get into a marriage than marry someone they do not love. (present)

Exercise 5. Write sentences according to the instructions.

Use modals of possibility to write three guesses why seafood is popular on Valentine’s Day in the U.S.
Use modals of expectation to write three things you are supposed to know when you go to an American family for dinner.
Use modals of preference to write three choices of food on New Year’s Eve in your home country.

V. Unit Review Practice

Exercise 6. Read the following sayings. Each contains a modal. Discuss what the saying means and whether you agree with it. Do you have similar sayings in your native language? How do you say them? If you can think of additional sayings with modals, please list them below.

You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
You can’t have your cake and eat it too.
Beggars can’t be choosers.
People in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
Children should be seen, not heard.
Bitter pills may have blessed effects.
Be careful what you wish for; you just might get it.

________________________________________

Exercise 7. The following sentences are about school uniforms. The modals and main verbs are underlined. Discuss their different meanings and time references (past, present, future) in the context. The first one is an example.

four girls in school uniform doing hand signs

School uniforms could be ( possibility, present) an important part of school traditions. Students in some schools must wear the school uniform. They may not attend school without their uniform. The uniform must be important.
A uniform reflects [10] the school and its reputation. Therefore, students are supposed to be in their best behavior.
Students with totally different uniforms cannot belong to the same school even though they may be siblings. They must not exchange their uniforms with students from other schools.
In some schools, uniforms are optional. Students may choose to wear one. They could also wear their own clothes. Some students would rather have the uniform. They would rather not spen d half an hour each morning choosing what to wear.
In most cases, uniforms are not free. Students have to purchase them. Most families are able to afford them, but some are not. This might increase the financial burden for some families.
Even though the students must wear their uniform while in school, they do not have to wear one after school.
Should schools require uniforms? There have been many debates [11] . If most students do not like them, they may disappear in the near future. Otherwise, they should stay for a long, long time.

Exercise 8. The follow is an essay on how high school students in different countries spend time in the summer. Underlined the modals and their main verbs. Then discuss what they means in the context and whether they express present, past, or future time. The first one is an example.

After you finish reading and understanding the first three paragraphs, write a new supporting paragraph about a person you know who spent last summer vacationing and relaxing. Then write a conclusion for the essay. Include at least five modals and modal-like expressions. You may write in the box below or in your own notebook. (Warning: Once you leave this page, you will lose what you have written in the box.)

How to Spend the Summer?

High school students in different countries may spend (possibility, present) their summer very differently. Some might value life experiences by working on a job, some could use the time catching up with their academic work, and others might consider it an opportunity to relax and have fun. How they spend their summer might reflect some of the customs and values of their cultures.

It is common for many high school students in the United States to work during the summer months. They could work in any type of job: food, travel, secretarial, health care, summer camp, and many others. Last summer, Joan worked as a summer camp activity leader. She was happy that the job provided her with valuable work experience as well as a small income. Both the experience and the money should be helpful in her future college study.

In Korea, however, it is not usual for high school students to hold a job in summer. They are supposed to take extra classes to prepare for university. Last summer, Ji-hoon kept himself busy by taking a few science and English classes in a cram school. Though he was very busy, he had to do so. He was determined to be better prepared for his university entrance exam.

Exercise 9. Choose two of the following topics and write a paragraph for each. Use proper modals.

Describe one of the holiday dinning traditions in your native country.
Describe some customs about naming a baby in your native country.
Explain one of the taboos [12] for a wedding ceremony in your native country.
Some people say that elderly parents should live with their adult children. Do you agree or disagree? Why do you think so?
In America, it is common to “go Dutch” (split the food bill in the restaurant) when people dine out. Is this practice common in your native culture? If not, why not? who usually pays for the meals?
Write about the joys and challenges of living in two cultures (your native culture and the American culture). What was your biggest cultural shock during your first two weeks in the U.S.?

NSNT Practice

Go to The NSNT Free Writing Approach and Additional Weekly Prompts for Writing in Appendix A. ( Open Appendix A here. ) Choose two topics that involve modals. You may start with the NSNT approach. Then revise and edit your paragraphs. Pay attention to the use of modals. You are encouraged to share your writing with your partner and help each other improve.

Vocabulary Review

The words here have appeared in this unit. The best way to learn them is to guess the meaning of each word from the context. Then hover your computer mouse over the number beside each word to check its meaning and part of speech. These words are also listed in the footnote area at the end of each unit.

Here, you can use the flashcards below to review these words.

Modals are helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs). They must be used with a main verb to serve as the complete verb in a sentence: Modal + Main Verb = Complete Verb
A modal is followed by the base form of the main verb.
The same modals may mean differently in different contexts, and some others may share similar meanings but have differences in tone and level of emphasis.
Some modals have their unique forms of past tense. Some of them look like the past tense but mean present or future.
Do not use “mayn’t” and “mightn’t”.
A good strategy is to understand modals is by learning each modal, its meaning, its time reference, and its form together as a “package”.

Media Attributions

showcase of culture artifacts at entrance of ESL Department at Harper College © Lin Cui is licensed under a CC0 (Creative Commons Zero) license
two words “yes” and “no” with “yes” crossed out © Photo by cottonbro from Pexels
a plate of food with a fork and a knife © medium:after_download_modal.copy_text.photo: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boiled-potatoes-with-salad-and-meat-rissole-4210862/
A 19th-century illustrated Sanskrit manuscript from the Bhagavad Gita, composed c. 400 BCE – 200 BCE. © Unknown artist is licensed under a Public Domain license
three Mongolia gers © Photo by Audrius Sutkus on Unsplash
a dog balancing a ball © Photo by RODNAE Productions from Pexels
four girls in school uniform doing hand signs © Photo by 周康 from Pexels
sunglasses on sand © Photo by Ylanite Koppens from Pexels
a pen writing in a notebook © Photo by Aaron Burden on Unsplash
a page in a dictionary © Pixabay
gesture: noun, a movement of hands, arms, or another part of the body to express an idea or emotion ↵
utensil: noun, a dining tool such as a spoon or a fork ↵
etiquette: noun, a rule or tradition for proper social behavior ↵
communal: adjective, used or shared by everyone in the group ↵
marrow: noun, the soft, fatty part inside a bone ↵
in isolation: prepositional phrase, separately, apart from each other ↵
prohibition: noun, things that are not allowed ↵
improper: adjective, not appropriate, not right ↵
intimacy: noun, a very close, loving relationship ↵
reflect: verb, show, represent ↵
debate: noun, an argument ↵
taboo: noun, an unacceptable word or behavior especially in a group setting ↵

Modal Verbs

Perfect english grammar.

1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').

Probability:

It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!
She can speak six languages.
My grandfather could play golf very well.
I can't drive.

Obligation and Advice

Children must do their homework.
We have to wear a uniform at work.
You should stop smoking.
Could I leave early today, please?
You may not use the car tonight.
Can we swim in the lake?
When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
John will always be late!

Past modals

Hello! I'm Seonaid! I'm here to help you understand grammar and speak correct, fluent English.

34 Grammar: Modal Verbs

What do you already know?

Read these sentences:

She swims every day.
She can swim every day
She might swim every day

What is a modal verb?

What is a verb.

An verb expresses the action or state of the subject.

What does modal mean?

Modal refers to modality, or a way of doing, being, or experiencing something.

Therefore, a modal verb is a type of verb that contextually indicates a modality. That means it gives extra information depending upon the situation. It helps us to express our attitudes, obligations, and intentions. We can talk about likelihood and ability. We can give ask for permission and give advice.

Take another look

Jorgen may use my car this weekend.
Jorgen must use my car this weekend.
Jorgen will use my car this weekend

How do you make a modal verb?

Modal verbs almost always accompany the base (infinitive) form of another verb using this simple formula: modal + (not) + verb. For example:

She could sing very loudly.
She could not sing very loudly.

What different meanings can you express with modal verbs?

Here are some common modal verbs with their meanings and examples:

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose one of these modal verbs to complete each sentence: must, could, is supposed to, may, can, should, have to :

You ______ use my car tonight. (permission)
_____ you open the door? (request)
It’s snowing, so it _____ be very cold outside. (probability)
She ____ speak six languages. (ability)
I need a new prescription; I _____ see a doctor right away. (necessity)
Students _____ do their homework every day. (advice)
The weather forecast says it ____ rain tonight. (prediction)

What makes modal verbs special?

First, modal verbs add meaning to another verb. You don’t usually use a modal verb by itself unless the main verb is implied or understood.

Will Leo come to the party?
Yes, he will . (the “come” is implied or understood)

Second, modal verbs do not change form for first, second, or third person.

Leo says that he might come to the party.
Leo and Lucas say that they might come to the party.

In the first sentence, Leo says …. he might … “Leo” requires a verb in the third person singular; in the present tense this means you add -s to the end. However, you don’t do this with modal verbs. Instead, you say “he might” (not he mights ).

Third, when you make a question, you start with the modal, just as we do with do/does, am/is/are, has/have.

Can Leo and Lucas bring ice with them?

Finally, modal verbs are followed by the infinitive, or base form, of the other verb without the “to”.

Leo and Lucas may to arrive late, but they said that they would to be happy to bring the ice.

What are some common ways you use modal verbs?

To be polite.

Compare these examples:

Open the door.
Can you open the door?
Could you open the door?
Could you open the door, please?
Teacher, the quiz doesn’t work! It’s broken! Fix it!
Teacher, the quiz might not be working correctly. It may be broken. Could you take a look at it, please? I would appreciate it very much. Thank you!

According to Macmillan American Dictionary , hedging is “the use of words and phrases that make what you are saying less certain or definite.” Why would you want to do this? Sometimes you will want to present information but leave room for it to change if you learn more details later. You want to say something, but you want to allow room for error. Hedging softens your claims. Keith Folse, a famous grammar teacher, explains it like this:

What are some common errors writers make when using modal verbs?

Here’s one ….

The newspaper should to correct its errors in the story about the elephant.

You don’t use “to” as part of the infinitive/base form. You use this formula: conditional + (not) + infinitive/base form without the “to”.

Here’s another …

COVID was might have been responsible for more deaths than heart disease last year.

You should hedge (use modals) when you want to be clear that we are not 100% sure, or if you wish to leave room for doubt or correction.

Here’s one more …

Modal verbs are a great way to write in the third person. By removing the I, we , and you points of view (first person and second person), it gives your writing a more formal, academic, and objective tone. Here’s an example:

I think Portland has more immigrants than Cleveland, but I don’t know for sure.
Portland may have more immigrants than Cleveland.

You can state information as a concise fact, but you can use a modal verb to show that you don’t know for sure.

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose a modal verb to complete each sentence. Note: Most sentences will have more than one right answer.

__________I use your cell phone, please? I need to call my employer to say I will be late.
You __________write an essay of at least 5 paragraphs in order to explain your idea fully.
You __________write more than 300 words for that scholarship application. The computer won’t let you type that many words.
John __________speak so quickly. It’s difficult to understand him.
She __________play the piano well because she has had many years of lessons.
Please excuse me, but I __________go now. I am tired.

INSTRUCTIONS: Use the information above to choose the best answer for each question below.

1. Rewrite the following sentence as a question. Remember to use correct capitalization and punctuation.

Jori’s mother can cook well.

2. Put the modals in order according to strength. 1=weakest; 5=strongest

3. Plagiarism is not allowed in U.S. colleges. You ____ not do it.

A. would B. must C. might D. could

4. Which modal verb expresses advice?

A. should B. may C. would D. must

5. Which of the following sentences uses a modal verb form incorrectly?

A We returned home late last night after driving for many hours. B. There are so many clouds in the sky that I think it might rain soon. C. You must to stop your dog barking. It is too loud. D. Your coffee must be cold by now; let me give you a fresh cup.

6. Rewrite the question below as a statement. Remember to use correct capitalization and punctuation.

Will the bus arrive at 5:35?

7. Modals are often used in academic writing to “hedge” their claims. What does “hedge” mean?

A. to protect oneself from risks, especially financial ones B. to provide a border or boundary, like a hedge in a garden C. to buy and sell shares in such a way that the risk of losing money is low D. to soften a claim, to show tentativeness, to allow room to be proved wrong

8. Which of the words below is NOT a modal verb?

A. should B. might C. can D. was

9. What is the formula for using modal verbs?

A. modal + (not) + infinitive/base form (no “to”) B. modal + (not) + to + infinitive/base form C. verb + (not) + modal + participle D. to + infinitive/base form + (not) + modal

10. A modal verb can convey more information about the main verb.

A. True B. False

Use these resources to study more about modal verbs:

How to Use Modal Verbs (should, would, could) in English.

“Modals verbs” are a class of verbs used to express ideas like intention, likelihood, ability, or to give advice. You can call them helper verbs. They always appear with a main verb. English has nine of them:

How to use modal verbs.

You may also find modal verbs referred to as “auxiliary verbs”. Basically, this means “helper verb”. This is because they help the main verb by adding extra information about it to the sentence. The information it adds lets the listener know things like our intentions, the likelihood of an event, or if they are capable of or allowed to do something.

Check out the table below for more information:

Modal verbs always appear to the left of the main verb. They also appear in front of any other helper verbs or adverbs that also appear in the sentence.

The student should write her essay soon.
The student may have written her essay two hours ago.
The student will have already written her essay by now.

How not to use modal verbs.

There are quite a few restrictions modal verbs have for proper use. Let’s look at some examples of ways you cannot use modal verbs:

You might think that modals can be made negative due to sentences such as:

However, this is only true if the main verb is already understood. If the main verb is unknown when you say this, it will be incorrect because the listener does not know what the person might not or shall not do.

The underlying structure of the sentence above is actually something like this:

You can never use a modal verb alone. There must be a main verb stated, either implicitly (known without being said) or explicitly (said directly).

Extra Modal Phrases

You caught me!

These aren’t all the possible modal verbs in English. There are also a few more interesting modal phrases you can use in English.

This phrase is used to make suggestions or to declare your intentions. It is very similar to the modal verb “should”. You most often hear this in spoken English; it is often said during informal situations.

The suggestions you make with this phrase are subtle. It isn’t a very strong way to give advice or make a suggestion. You should use this phrase when you want to be delicate about giving someone some advice.

It isn’t advisable to use this phrase in formal academic writing, but you can use it to spice up your informal spoken English.

Here are some example sentences using the phrase “ought to”:

You ought to stop eating so much cake.
I ought to eat more vegetables.
He ought not return without some money.
You think I ought to start writing now?

However, unlike “should”, this phrase cannot appear at the front of a question.

This is another informal modal phrase. Like “ought to”, you will most often hear this phrase spoken in informal situations. This phrase is similar to the modal verb “should” as well. It is used to make a suggestion in a stronger way than “should” or “ought to”.

You should be careful about using this as you can easily sound rude if you use it in a wrong situation. In my mind, this is most often used by parents when talking to their children.

Again, I would advise you against using this phrase in academic writing.

Here are some example sentences:

You had better eat your vegetables.
You had better go to bed early tonight.
You had better wash your hands.
You had better smarten up.

Like the previous two phrases, this phrase is also (mostly) informal. Most of these extra modal phrases will help you expand your vocabulary for spoken English in informal situations.

This phrase is similar to the modal verb “must”. You use this phrase when you are giving orders or expressing obligations.

You should avoid using this in academic writing. Instead, you should use “must”.

I have to go to bed.
I have to pet my dog.
I have to make dinner.
I have to go to work.

You have probably seen this phrase before. Most often, you see this written or said in its contracted form as “gotta”. This means the exact same thing as “have to”, but it is more informal.

Needless to say, this is an informal usage of English. You should not write this academically.

I got to (gotta) go to bed.
I got to (gotta) pet my dog.
I got to (gotta) make dinner.
I got to (gotta) go to work.

This isn’t commonly used anymore in casual English. You may sound strange or archaic if you say this while speaking. However, it isn’t rare to see it written in stories or hear it said in movies and TV shows.

“Dare” isn’t exactly the same as any single modal verb or phrase we have looked at previously. The meaning of it depends on how it is being used. For example, it can be similar to the modal verbs “will” or “shall” in the following sentences:

I dare to dream.
I dare not say.
Dare I even look?

However, the feelings of the sentences above aren’t exactly the same as if you used the words “will” or “shall”.

“Dare” gives the sentence the feelings of a conflicting desire. It’s usually used in situations where the speaker wants to do something but knows they shouldn’t.

It also makes the sentences sound a bit poetic. This isn’t really appropriate to write for academic texts and you likely want to avoid saying things like this to your friends or co-workers unless you’re making a joke.

That was everything you need to know about using modal verbs in English!

We even got to look at a few common modal phrases you can use to spice up your conversations, great deal huh?

I hope you learned something useful by reading this article. If you want to learn more about English grammar, check out my other articles on the topic .

Did you know I’m available for personalized 1 on 1 English conversation coaching? It’s true! You can read about it here.

Until next time, happy studying!

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What is a modal verb in English? - Easy Learning Grammar

to express different degrees of doubt and possibility about the action of the main verb.
to express degrees of future possibility, ranging from the definite future, will , to the possible future, may , and the conditional future, could .
to request or give permission for an action to take place.
to make a prohibition, when used with a negative.
to speculate.
to express obligation and duty.
to refer to typical behaviour.
to add politeness to a request which might otherwise sound abrupt.
to make conditional sentences.
in reported speech.

Quick word challenge

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5.6 Modal Auxiliaries

Learning objectives.

Define and identify modal auxiliaries.
Learn how and when to use modal auxiliaries.

We all need to express our moods and emotions, both in writing and in our everyday life. We do this by using modal auxiliaries .

Modal Auxiliaries

Modal auxiliaries are a type of helping verb that are used only with a main verb to help express its mood.

The following is the basic formula for using a modal auxiliary:

There are ten main modal auxiliaries in English.

Table 5.11 Modal Auxiliaries

Use the following format to form a yes-no question with a modal auxiliary:

Be aware of these four common errors when using modal auxiliaries:

Using an infinitive instead of a base verb after a modal

Incorrect: I can to move this heavy table.

Correct: I can move this heavy table.

Using a gerund instead of an infinitive or a base verb after a modal

Incorrect: I could moving to the United States.

Correct: I could move to the United States.

Using two modals in a row

Incorrect: I should must renew my passport.

Correct: I must renew my passport.

Correct : I should renew my passport.

Leaving out a modal

Incorrect: I renew my passport.

Edit the following paragraph by correcting the common modal auxiliary errors.

Modals and Present Perfect Verbs

In the previous section, we defined present perfect verb tense as describing a continuing situation or something that has just happened.

Subject (I and He), has or have (have and has), past participle (helped and helped)

Remember, when a sentence contains a modal auxiliary before the verb, the helping verb is always have .

Subject (I, He, He, He, and He), modal auxiliary (could, could, might, may, and should), have (have, have, have, have, and have), and past participle (helped, helped, helped, helped, and helped).

Be aware of the following common errors when using modal auxiliaries in the present perfect tense:

Using had instead of have

Incorrect: Jamie would had attended the party, but he was sick.

Correct: Jamie would have attended the party, but he was sick.

Leaving out have

Incorrect: Jamie would attended the party, but he was sick.

On a separate sheet of paper, complete the following sentences by changing the given verb form to a modal auxiliary in present perfect tense.

The man ________ (laugh).
The frogs ________ (croak).
My writing teacher ________ (smile).
The audience ________ (cheer) all night.
My best friend ________ (giggled).

Key Takeaways

The basic formula for using a modal auxiliary is

There are ten main modal auxiliaries in English: can , could , may , might , shall , should , will , would , must , and ought to .
The four common types of errors when using modals include the following: using an infinitive instead of a base verb after a modal, using a gerund instead of an infinitive or a base verb after a modal, using two modals in a row, and leaving out a modal.
In the present perfect tense, when a sentence has a modal auxiliary before the verb, the helping verb is always have .
The two common errors when using modals in the present perfect tense include using had instead of have and leaving out have .

Writing Application

On a separate sheet of paper, write ten original sentences using modal auxiliaries.

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A Complete Guide to Modal Verbs

Posted by David S. Wills | Sep 22, 2023 | Grammar | 0

Have you ever wondered how to talk about possibility, obligation, or ability in English? If so, welcome to the world of modal verbs! Modal verbs are incredibly versatile and essential for expressing various tones, moods, and attitudes in English. In this guide, we will explore what modal verbs are, delve into their usage, and examine some common rules and examples.

What are modal verbs, types of modal verbs, rules for using modal verbs, common mistakes.

Modal verbs are auxiliary, or “helping,” verbs that modify the main verb in a sentence to express possibility, ability, necessity, or other conditions. These include words like “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “shall,” “should,” “may,” “might,” and “must.”

This shows ability.
This is a suggestion.

Additional Examples:

Can : She can play the piano well.
Could : When she was younger, she could climb trees easily.

Possibility and Speculation

May : It may rain tomorrow.
Might : I might visit my grandparents this weekend.
Can : Can I use your phone?
May : May I come in?

Obligation and Necessity

Must : You must report to the office immediately.
Have to : I have to pick up my kids from school.

Prohibition

Cannot/Can’t : You can’t park here.
Mustn’t : You mustn’t smoke in this area.

Offers and Invitations

Will : Will you have some coffee?
Would : Would you like to join us for dinner?

Suggestions

Shall : Shall we go for a walk?
Should : We should take a break.
Could : Could you please pass the salt?
Would : Would you mind helping me with this?

Future Probability

Will : She will probably come to the party.
Shall : They shall succeed with enough effort.

Past Probability

Would have : She would have succeeded if she had tried.
Could have : He could have won the race but decided to stop and help an injured runner

These examples showcase the various contexts and conditions in which modal verbs are often used. They allow for a nuanced expression of mood, probability, ability, necessity, and more. By understanding how to use them appropriately, you can convey your ideas and attitudes much more clearly and effectively. Remember that accuracy is very important!

Possibility

Can : Can you finish the project by tomorrow?
Might : He might come to the party later.
Can : Maria can speak four languages.
Could : I could run fast when I was young.
Must : We must complete the assignment.
Have to : They have to take the medicine.

Request and Offers

Will : Will you marry me?
Would : Would you like some tea?
May : You may find the book interesting.
Could : They could arrive late due to traffic.
Will be able to : She will be able to finish the project by next week.
Would be able to : If she had more time, she would be able to complete it sooner.
Should : You should take an umbrella; it looks like it’ll rain.
Ought to : They ought to apologise for their behaviour.
Can : Can you help me with my homework?
Shall : Shall I open the window for you?

These additional examples should provide a broader understanding of the different ways modal verbs can be employed for various purposes. Whether you’re indicating possibility, showing ability, emphasising necessity, or making requests and offers, modal verbs are your go-to tool for nuanced communication.

No Conjugation : Modal verbs do not change form based on the subject.
Incorrect: She cans swim.
Correct: She can swim.
Incorrect : He wills go to the market.
Correct : He will go to the market.
Incorrect : They musts complete the project by tomorrow.
Correct : They must complete the project by tomorrow.
Incorrect : She coulds read when she was four.
Correct : She could read when she was four.
Incorrect : We cans see the mountains from here.
Correct : We can see the mountains from here.

As you can see, the modal verb stays the same form irrespective of the subject, thus making it simpler than regular verbs, which often require conjugation based on the subject. (Learn more in this article on subject-verb agreement .) Understanding this rule is essential as it simplifies the process of constructing sentences.

Double Modals Are Rare : Using two modal verbs together is generally avoided.
Incorrect: She might can go.
Correct: She might be able to go.
Incorrect : They should must complete the project.
Correct : They should complete the project. / They must complete the project.
Incorrect : He will can join us later.
Correct : He will be able to join us later.
Incorrect : She may should attend the meeting.
Correct : She may need to attend the meeting. / She should attend the meeting.
Incorrect : We could will win the game.
Correct : We could win the game. / We will probably win the game.
Incorrect : I would can help you with that.
Correct : I would be able to help you with that.

By avoiding double modals, the sentences remain clearer and easier to understand. If you feel the need to use two modal-like ideas, consider replacing one with an equivalent phrase, like “be able to,” “have to,” or “need to,” among others. This will help you maintain the clarity and grammatical integrity of your sentences.

Always Use Base Form : Always use the base form of the main verb after a modal.
Incorrect: He must to go.
Correct: He must go.
Incorrect : She can runs fast.
Correct : She can run fast.
Incorrect : They should eats healthily.
Correct : They should eat healthily.
Incorrect : We will sees you tomorrow.
Correct : We will see you tomorrow.
Incorrect : He might goes there.
Correct : He might go there.
Incorrect : She would likes some coffee.
Correct : She would like some coffee.

As shown, the main verb that follows a modal should always be in its base form. This is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences. Ensuring you follow this rule will make your English sound more natural and accurate. It will also help you to get a better score for Grammatical Range and Accuracy .

Confusing “Should” and “Must”

You should eat more fruits.
You must obey the law.

“Should” for Advice or Recommendation

Here, “should” offers a suggestion for maintaining good health.
In this example, “should” advises more frequent contact with parents.
“Should” here recommends contemplating alternative approaches.
This is a suggestion aimed at a better environmental future.

“Must” for Stronger Necessity or Obligation

“Must” indicates a firm deadline that is non-negotiable.
Here, “must” emphasises the crucial nature of taking medication for health.
The necessity of being punctual for the meeting is stressed by using “must.”
This statement indicates an urgent need to act for environmental reasons.

As you can see, “should” is less forceful and is generally used for giving advice or making recommendations. In contrast, “must” implies a stronger sense of obligation or necessity. Choosing the appropriate modal verb can greatly influence the tone and meaning of your sentences.

Confusing “would” and “could”

These two modals are often confused by English learners. This is understandable because they can have slightly similar meanings. Both can be used in polite requests and both can appear in conditionals .

However, the main difference is that “could” shows possibility and “would” shows intention. For example:

This shows the intention to do something.
This shows the possibility of being able to do it.

Confusing “can” and “would

These two modals are often confused. Again, it comes down to their basic function: “can” shows the ability to do something. Meanwhile, “would” has a range of uses as we can see above.

Here’s a visual lesson that I made for my social media followers:

Misplacing the Modal Verb

Sometimes, beginners struggle with placing a modal verb in a sentence.

Incorrect: He swim can.
Correct: He can swim.
Incorrect: She drive should carefully.
Here, “should” should be placed before the main verb “drive” to offer advice about driving.
Incorrect: They must go will to college.
“Must” should directly precede the main verb “go” to express necessity.
Incorrect: You sing can well.
The modal “can” should come before the main verb “sing” to indicate ability.
Incorrect: He soon will arrive.
“Will” should be placed right before “arrive” to denote future action.
Incorrect: We may late be.
The modal “may” should directly precede the main verb “be” to express possibility.

As shown, misplacing the modal verb can cause confusion and make the sentence grammatically incorrect. Ensure that the modal verb is placed right before the main verb to maintain the intended meaning and grammatical structure of the sentence.

In summary, understanding modal verbs is essential for mastering the English language. By knowing how to use them correctly, you can express a range of ideas—from possibility to obligation—clearly and efficiently.

Remember, the key is practice. The more you use them, the more natural they will become.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

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Modal Verbs – Meaning, Usage & Examples

Learn all about modal verbs and their usage in sentences. Check out the examples and the practice exercise to have a better idea.

What are modal verbs, examples of modal verbs.

How to Use Modal Verbs in Sentences?

Test Your Knowledge of Modal Verbs

Frequently asked questions on modal verbs in english grammar.

Modal verbs are helping verbs that are used along with main verbs to represent the ability, possibility and probability of a subject to do an action and emphasise the necessity of an action.

Let us look at some examples of modal verbs used as auxiliary verbs and their functions.

How to Use Modal Verbs in Sentences

Given below are a few examples of how modal verbs can be used to indicate the possibility or probability of an action taking place.

It might rain in the evening.
I think they will reach Coimbatore by 8 pm.
Can you pick up my brother from school on your way home tomorrow?
I could make some time to help you with your assignments.
Your friends may come to visit you next week.
It would not be possible for you to complete all of it by tomorrow evening.

Here are some examples of modal verbs being used to show the necessity and obligation of the subject to perform a particular set of actions.

All students of this institution ought to abide by the rules and instructions provided.
All employees should follow the dress code strictly.
You must get yourself checked before the situation becomes worse.
Your sister will have to apply for a leave request if she wants to take a month’s leave.

Modal verbs can be used to make offers, suggestions and requests. Check out the examples given below for know-how.

It would be better if you did it the other way.
I could help you if you want.
Shall I bring you some water to drink?
Could you please pass me the science record?
Will you please take care of my son for an hour? I have some grocery shopping to be done.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb in the following sentences:

1. ________ you be able to bring your camera when you come?

2. Priya __________ apologise for the confusion that was caused yesterday because of her carelessness.

3. You _______ finish this first and then start with the other one.

4. ________ I make some tea for you?

5. I ______ make sure to keep everything ready by the time they reach the railway station.

6. You _______ see to it that the students are standing according to their roll numbers.

7. ______ I come in?

8. She _______ find it interesting as she likes reading adventure stories.

9. Do you have any idea how much all of this _______ cost?

10. ______ you please help me find my keys?

Ready to find out if you used the right modal verbs? Let us check.

1. Would you be able to bring your camera when you come?

2. Priya should/ought to apologise for the confusion that was caused yesterday because of her carelessness.

3. You could finish this first and then start with the other one.

4. Shall I make some tea for you?

5. I will make sure to keep everything ready by the time they reach the railway station.

6. You must see to it that the students are standing according to their roll numbers.

7. Can/Shall/May I come in?

8. She might find it interesting as she likes reading adventure stories.

9. Do you have any idea how much all of this would cost?

10. Can/Would/Could/Will you please help me find my keys?

What are modal verbs?

What are the examples of modal verbs.

Will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, ought to are the modal verbs in the English language.

How do you use modal verbs in sentences?

Here are some examples of how you can use modal verbs in sentences.

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EnglishGrammarSoft

100 Example Sentences with Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verbs that are used to express ability, possibility, necessity, or permission. Modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would. These verbs are typically used before the main verb in a sentence to indicate the level of ability, possibility, necessity, or permission involved. For example:

I can swim. (This means that I am able to swim.)
He could run faster when he was younger. ( This means that he had the ability to run faster when he was younger. )
We may go to the park later. (This means that it is possible that we will go to the park)

Sentences with Modal Verbs

You must be quiet in the library.
You can swim in the pool.
You may take a cookie.
You might want to turn off the light.
It would be best if you studied for your test.
You ought to eat healthy foods.
Can you please be quiet?
May I go to the bathroom?
I can speak three languages.
They might be at the park.
We could go to the movies tonight.
You may leave if you finish your work.
She must have left by now.
I would help you, but I’m swamped right now.
You must be kidding me.
She might be the one for me.
He could be late for his appointment.
They should have known better.
I ought to go now.
You must be tired after your long journey.
She may be late – she didn’t leave home until after lunch.
Can I borrow your pen, please?
Might I ask you a few questions about the job?
Shall we go out for a meal this evening?
It would help if you stopped smoking.
He must be home by now.
I might be able to help you with that.
They ought to be more careful.
Could you please turn the music down?
Would you mind closing the door?
I don’t think you should do that.
You can come with us if you want.
We should probably get going soon.
You ought to study more if you want to pass the test.
He could have helped me, but he didn’t.
They might not be able to come to the party tonight.
We must be getting close to the campground now, right?
You must be tired.
She might be late.
Could you open the window?
We should go now.
You ought to apologize.
You could go to the store for me.
We may go to the park later.
Can you please turn off the light?
Could you hand me that book?
May I borrow your pen?
Might I have a piece of cake?
Must I finish my homework now?
Ought we to call him first?
Should you be studying right now?
Will you please turn in your project tomorrow?
Would you like to come over for dinner tonight?
He could run faster when he was younger.
You must be careful when you cross the street.
They should arrive soon.
Will you please turn off the light?
Can you open this jar for me?
Might I borrow your pen?
Would you like some help with that?
I ought to be getting home now.
You should eat more vegetables.
She must be at home by now.
They might be hungry.
Should we cancel our plans?
Would you like some dessert?
You must be kidding me!
Could you please hand me the salt?
We will be there in five minutes.
I might go to the movies tonight.
You ought to apologize to her.
Can I borrow your pen?
May I sit here?
I shall go to the store.
We shall overcome this difficult time.
I could swim when I was younger.
I would swim in it was warmer outside.
She could hardly breathe.
He could see the light at the end of the tunnel.
I will be there for you.
I will never leave you.
I would never give up on my dreams.
Even if everyone else does, I would still believe in myself.
I would always be there for my loved ones.
I may go to the store later.
She could be home by now.
They might not be able to come to the party.
You must take more than one cookie.
I might go to the store later.
May I please borrow your pen?
Could you turn down the music?
You ought to brush your teeth twice a day.
You ought to exercise for at least 30 minutes a day.

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Modal verbs

A modal verb is a verb which is used with another verb to express such ideas as possibility, ability, and necessity, e.g. computers can perform a wide range of tasks. Modal verbs in English can present some difficulties for learners. They occur quite frequently in the academic context and the range and variety of their use can make understanding and using them correctly quite a challenge.

The nine main modal verbs express a range of meanings, which may differ very subtly.

Modal verbs are used to indicate the writer’s or speaker’s attitude to what he or she is writing or saying. There are three main categories of meaning.

possibility/ability/permission
obligation/necessity
intention/prediction

Expressing possibility, ability and permission

The most common meaning for modal verbs in the category of possibility, ability and permission is logical possibility: indicating what is or is not possible from what we know about a situation. All four modals in this category (can, could, may, might) are used in this way.

Can is frequently used to indicate ability.

The use of can and may to ask or give someone permission is common in speech but rare in formal writing, because it involves personal interaction.

Expressing obligation and necessity, intention and prediction

In the category of modal verbs expressing obligation and necessity there are two main meanings found in formal writing. The first meaning is that of personal obligation; the writer states what he/she and perhaps the reader is obliged to do/believe etc. using a modal verb such as must or should.

The second meaning is that of logical necessity; the writer states what he/she wants the reader to conclude from the information presented using a modal verb such as must or should.

Using modal verbs to express intention and prediction clearly relates to future time. This is a large and complex area of English grammar, and here the focus is on the modals will, would and shall; how they are used and how they can be distinguished.

will and would are commonly used in formal writing to predict future events or states that are not caused by anyone. Very often the period or point in time is not mentioned.

shall is used to indicate the writer’s personal intention. This is a formal and conventional use of this modal.

Helpful sites for practice

Online English Grammar http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/index.cfm Online grammar explanations with examples.

Gerunds and Infinitives http://www.reocities.com/gwyni_99/gerinfless.html Grammar explanation plus links to practice exercises and a useful verb list.

Gerunds, Participle and Infinitives http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_verbals.html Detailed information with practice in this area of grammar.

Language and Learning Online http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/index.xml A comprehensive set of resources for grammar. Provided by Monash University, Australia.

Dependent Prepositions http://www.wordskills.com/general/prepositions.pdf A pdf reference list of common dependent prepositions.

British Council Learnenglish Grammar Games http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-games Grammar games to practise most aspects of grammar.

Grammar Terms Quiz http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_grammarterms.htm Test your knowledge of grammar terminology by matching examples to grammar terms.

Using English.com – Glossary of grammatical terms http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary.html A comprehensive online glossary of grammatical terms.

Englishpage.com http://www.englishpage.com/index.html Grammar practice website.

Englishclub.com http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/index.htm Grammar practice website.

SOURCE: The Open University, 2011

Passive Voice with Modal Verbs with Rules and Examples

Passive voice and modal verbs are two essential aspects of English grammar, each serving a unique purpose. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express certainty, possibility, permission, or obligation in a sentence. On the other hand, the passive voice is a grammatical construction in which the subject receives the action rather than performing it. In this article, we’ll explore how modal verbs and passive voice work together to create different sentence structures. We’ll also share rules and examples to enhance your understanding of this concept. So, let’s get started!

Table of Contents

What is Passive Voice?

Passive voice is a way of constructing sentences where the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb rather than performing it. In passive voice, the focus is on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. For example, “The ball was kicked by Sarah.” In this sentence, the ball (the receiver) is the focus, even though Sarah (the doer) is mentioned.

Structure: Subject + (to be) + past participle + (by + agent, if mentioned)

Passive voice is formed by using a form of the verb “to be” (such as “is,” “am,” “are,” “was,” “were,” etc.) followed by the past participle form of the main verb. It’s often used when the doer of the action is unknown, or unimportant, or when the focus needs to be shifted to the receiver of the action.

What are Modal Verbs?

Modal verbs are a category of auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs) that express the mood or attitude of the speaker toward the action or state of the main verb in a sentence. These verbs indicate possibility, necessity, permission, ability, obligation, or likelihood. In English, the most common modal verbs include:

Can: Shows ability or possibility.
Could: Often used for past ability or polite requests.
May: Expresses permission or possibility.
Might: Indicates a possibility, often with uncertainty.
Must: Shows necessity or strong obligation.
Shall: Used for making suggestions, promises, or offers.
Should: Indicates advice, obligation, or expectation.
Will: Shows future intention or prediction.
Would: Used for polite requests or hypothetical situations.
Ought to: Used to express moral obligation or duty.

Passive Voice with Modal Verbs Rules

When combining passive voice with modal verbs, the modal verb appears before the main verb in its past participle form.

Modal + Be + Past Participle

Use a modal verb (can, should, must, might, will, could) followed by a form of the verb “to be” (am, is, are, was, were) and the past participle of the main verb.

Structure: M o d a l V er b + be ( am / i s / a re / w a s / w ere) + p a s t p a r t i c i pl e
The problem can be solved.
The document may be misplaced.
The solution should be considered.

Modal + Have Been + Past Participle

This structure is used to talk about actions that were completed or ongoing at a specific time in the past.

Structure: M o d a l V er b + ha v e b ee n + P a s t P a r t i c i pl e
The problem can have been solved.
The document may have been misplaced.
The solution should have been implemented.

These structures allow us to express various ideas such as possibility, necessity, permission, etc., in passive voice. The first structure emphasizes actions that can happen, are expected, or are allowed to happen, while the second structure highlights actions that likely happened or were ongoing in the past.

Passive Voice with Modal Verbs

It is a grammatical construction where the subject of a sentence receives the action, and a modal verb is used to express the possibility, necessity, permission, or other qualities of the action. Below is a list of Passive Voice with all Modal Verbs along with their structure and example sentences.

It indicates ability, possibility, or permission.
Structure: Subject + can + be/have been + past participle
Example: The problem can be solved easily.
Represents past ability, possibility, or permission.
Structure: Subject + could + be/have been + past participle
Example: The task could have been completed earlier.
Expresses permission, possibility, or likelihood.
Structure: Subject + may + be/have been + past participle
Example: The decision may be reconsidered later.
It suggests a possibility or uncertain future.
Structure: Subject + might + be/have been + past participle
Example: The missing keys might be found soon.
Conveys necessity, obligation, or a strong recommendation.
Structure: Subject + must + be/have been + past participle
Example: The rules must be followed by all participants.
It indicates a future event or offers a suggestion.
Structure: Subject + shall + be/have been + past participle
Example: The decision shall have been made by now.
Advises or recommends something.
Structure: Subject + should + be/have been + past participle
Example: The instructions should be followed carefully.
Indicates future events, intentions, or promises.
Structure: Subject + will + be/have been + past participle
Example: The message will be delivered by noon.
Expresses hypothetical situations or polite requests.
Structure: Subject + would + be/have been + past participle
Example: The problem would be solved with the right approach.
Used to suggest moral obligations or duties.
Structure: Subject + ought to + be/have been + past participle
Example: Safety precautions ought to be taken seriously.

Passive Voice with Modals Examples

The matter will be discussed.
The contract would be signed.
The problem can be solved .
The document may be misplaced .
The cake may be baked by the chef.
The solution might be overlooked .
The keys might be found later.
The issue might be resolved .
The task should be completed .
The form should be filled out.
The project must be approved.
The rules must be followed.
The report must be reviewed.
The problem ought to be addressed.
The news will be announced soon.
The job will be done by the deadline.
The decision ought to be respected.
The agreement shall be signed shortly.
The task should have been completed.

Passive Voice with Modal Verbs Exercises

Put the following sentences into passive voice. (Modals)

The problem can be solved by her.
The assignment must be finished by him.
The room should be cleaned by them.
The museum might be visited by us.
The house will be painted by them.
A cake would be baked by her.
The puzzle could be solved by him.
The car needs to be repaired by them.
The report has to be written by her.
The project has to be finished by us.
The event had to be canceled by them.
She might have been forgotten.

Q1. What is passive voice?

Passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of a sentence undergoes an action rather than performing it. In passive-voice sentences, the focus is on the action or the recipient of the action rather than the doer.

Q2. What are modal verbs?

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express various attitudes including possibility, necessity, permission, ability, obligation, and prediction. The ten main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to.

Q3. How do you form passive voice with modal verbs?

To form passive voice with modal verbs, you use the modal verb followed by “be” and the past participle of the main verb. For example: “The door can be opened.” Here, “can” is the modal verb, “be” is the auxiliary verb, and “opened” is the past participle of the main verb “open”.

Q4. What is the function of modal verbs in passive voice constructions?

Modal verbs in passive voice constructions indicate the possibility, necessity, permission, ability, obligation, or prediction associated with the action being described in the passive voice sentence. They modify the verb to convey the desired meaning.

The assignment could be finished.
The proposal may be approved.
The task must be completed.
The report shall be submitted.
The decision ought to be respected.

Relative Pronouns in English with Examples

Adjective Order Worksheets and Exercises with Answers

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English Quarter 2 Module 4 Argumentative Texts Modal Verbs and Modal Adverbs (1)

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COMMENTS

What Is a Modal Verb?
Revised on December 6, 2023. A modal verb (also called a modal auxiliary verb) is used along with a main verb to express possibility, ability, permission, or necessity. For example, in the statement "you must leave," "must" is a modal verb indicating that it's necessary for the subject ("you") to perform the action of the verb ...
Modal Verbs: Useful Rules, List and Examples in English
Might. Must. Shall. Should. Will. Would. Each of these modal verbs has a specific meaning and usage in English. For example, "can" is used to express ability, "may" is used to express possibility, and "must" is used to express necessity. Modal verbs are also used to create different tenses in English.
Modal Verbs
Here's an example of how a modal verb gives shades of meaning to a sentence. Trina and Joan play the piano. Trina and Joan might play the piano. Another verb always follows modal verbs in base form. Remember not to conjugate the verb. For example: Incorrect: She can plays the piano. Correct: She can play the piano.
Unit 15 Modals
modal + base form of main verb = complete verb. 2. Contractions are common are in modals, such as "shouldn't" and "mustn't". However, "may" and "might" do not have a contraction form. It is wrong to write "mayn't" and "mightn't". Small children mayn't stay ( may not stay) alone at home in the United States.
Modals
Modal verbs (will, would, should, may, can, could, might, must) precede another verb. Modals do not have subject-verb agreement or take the infinitive "to" before the next verb. This handout shows how modals in academic writing can change a sentence's meaning into a prediction, suggestion, or a question. Modals can also serve a social ...
Modal Verbs
Here's a list of the modal verbs in English: 1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').
The Writing Center
Grammatical Form. Modals are a special type of verbs; they are followed by the base form of verbs (e.g. I should go, she must see, he can swim ). In addition to the simple form of modals, there are also other forms to express: past time 1: modal + have + Past Participle (e.g., may have submitted) passive voice 2: modal + be + Past Participle (e ...
PDF Modals
Modal verbs (must, will, would, should, may, can, could, might, must) precede another verb. Modals do not have subject-verb agreement or take the infinitive "to" before the next verb. This handout shows how modals in academic writing can change a sentence's meaning into a prediction, suggestion, or a question.
Grammar: Modal Verbs
A. to protect oneself from risks, especially financial ones. B. to provide a border or boundary, like a hedge in a garden. C. to buy and sell shares in such a way that the risk of losing money is low. D. to soften a claim, to show tentativeness, to allow room to be proved wrong. 8.
How to Use Modal Verbs (should, would, could) in English
Modal verbs always appear to the left of the main verb. They also appear in front of any other helper verbs or adverbs that also appear in the sentence. The student should write her essay soon.; The student may have written her essay two hours ago.; The student will have already written her essay by now.; How not to use modal verbs.
What is a modal verb in English?
to make conditional sentences. in reported speech. Modals can refer to a time range that reaches from the immediate present to some future time, so that they can all be used for future reference, especially when they are used with a time adverbial. You will be seeing her on Friday at Jackie's house.
5.6 Modal Auxiliaries
modal auxiliary. +. main verb. There are ten main modal auxiliaries in English: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, and ought to. The four common types of errors when using modals include the following: using an infinitive instead of a base verb after a modal, using a gerund instead of an infinitive or a base verb after a ...
A Complete Guide to Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary, or "helping," verbs that modify the main verb in a sentence to express possibility, ability, necessity, or other conditions. These include words like "can," "could," "will," "would," "shall," "should," "may," "might," and "must.". Example: He can swim. This shows ability. You ...
Modal Verbs
When the modal verb 'will' is used, that means that the action is certain to take place. Would. The modal verb 'would' indicates a condition. It is possible that the action will take place, but another condition has to be met. The phrase including the modal verb will be followed by a connective such as 'if'.
Modal Verbs
Let us look at some examples of modal verbs used as auxiliary verbs and their functions. Modal Verb. Function. Can. Used to denote the ability of the subject to perform an action or to request permission to perform an action. Could. Used to denote the ability of the subject to perform an action or an offer made by the subject to perform an ...
IELTS Grammar: How to Use Modals for Opinions and Suggestions
In order to get a high band score for your writing you need to be able to naturally use a wide range of grammar structures. For Task 2 writing, this means correctly using complex structures, but it also means using more basic structures naturally, including modal verbs. Sample Essay Below is a sample essay for the following question.
100 Example Sentences with Modal Verbs
100 Example Sentences with Modal Verbs - EnglishGrammarSoft. Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verbs that are used to express ability, possibility, necessity, or permission. Modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would. These verbs are typically used before the main verb in a sentence to indicate the ...
PDF Quarter 1 Module 3: Use of Modal Verbs, Nouns, and Adverbs
In this module, you will build up your knowledge in using modal verbs, nouns, and adverbs appropriately in writing sentences and paragraphs. Have fun while learning! The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is on how to use modal verbs, nouns, and adverbs appropriately: EN8G-llla-3.6 Specifically, you are expected to:
Modal verbs
Modal verbs. A modal verb is a verb which is used with another verb to express such ideas as possibility, ability, and necessity, e.g. computers can perform a wide range of tasks. Modal verbs in English can present some difficulties for learners. They occur quite frequently in the academic context and the range and variety of their use can make ...
Passive Voice with Modal Verbs with Rules and Examples
To form passive voice with modal verbs, you use the modal verb followed by "be" and the past participle of the main verb. For example: "The door can be opened.". Here, "can" is the modal verb, "be" is the auxiliary verb, and "opened" is the past participle of the main verb "open". Q4. What is the function of modal verbs ...
English Quarter 2 Module 4 Argumentative Texts Modal Verbs and Modal
CO_Q2_English 10_ Module 4. What is It. Modal Adverbs are used to modify specific verbs that consist of a linking verb (verb of. being) and sometimes another verb. Here are examples of modal adverbs: probably, possibly, evidently, certainly, surely, undoubtedly, seriously, clearly, obviously. 1.

Modal Verbs: Useful Rules, List and Examples in English

Definition of Modal Verbs

Types of Modal Verbs

Possibility

Modal Verbs: Rules & Examples

Usage of Modal Verbs

In Statements

In Questions

In Negative Sentences

Common Modal Verb Phrases

Modal Verbs vs Auxiliary Verbs

Modal Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs

Modal Verbs in Different Tenses

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Posts:

Modal Verbs – Uses, Examples & Worksheet

What is a Modal Verb?

What are the 9 Modal Verbs?

What are the 4 Main Types of Modals?

Modals of Deduction

Modals of Ability

Modals of Requests, Offers, and Permission

Modals of Advice, Obligation, and Prohibition

What’s the Difference Between Modal and Auxiliary Verbs?

How Do We Use Modals?

Can, Could, Be Able To

Must, Have to, Need to, Needn’t, Don’t Have To

Shall, Should, Ought To

Will and Would

Using Modal Verbs in Sentences

Present Tenses

Simple Present Tense

Present Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Tenses and Present Perfect

Simple Past

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Future Tense

Other Rules for Using Modals

Constructing Verb Phrases

Negative and Interrogative Forms

Modal Verbs in a Nutshell

Unit 15 Modals

II. Principles of Using Modals

III. Challenges in Learning Modals and the Strategies in Using Them

IV. Uses of Modals and Modal-Like Expressions

V. Unit Review Practice

Media Attributions

Modal Verbs

Probability:

Obligation and Advice

Past modals

34 Grammar: Modal Verbs

What do you already know?

What is a modal verb?

What does modal mean?

Take another look

How do you make a modal verb?

What different meanings can you express with modal verbs?

What are some common ways you use modal verbs?

What are some common errors writers make when using modal verbs?

Here’s another …

Here’s one more …

How to Use Modal Verbs (should, would, could) in English.

How to use modal verbs.

How not to use modal verbs.

Extra Modal Phrases

What is a modal verb in English? - Easy Learning Grammar

5.6 Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries

Modals and Present Perfect Verbs

Key Takeaways

Writing Application

Writing Correction Service

A Complete Guide to Modal Verbs

Table of Contents

About The Author

David S. Wills