essay about unemployment in pakistan

Essay on “Unemployment in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary Examinations

• August 10, 2021
• Essay for CSS PMS and Judiciary Exam

This is an essay on “Unemployment in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary examinations. Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. The most frequent measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force. So here is a complete essay on the topic of Unemployment in Pakistan for CSS, PMS, and All other Judiciary Examinations.

Essay on “Unemployment in Pakistan”

Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of Pakistan . That person is unemployed who has the ability to do work and is willing to do work but is unable to get job opportunities. In the current situation, more than 30 lakh people are unemployed in Pakistan and the unemployment ratio is more than 12%.

The biggest reason for unemployment in Pakistan is concerned with the backwardness of the agriculture sector. Agriculture is the biggest sector of our economy that contributes 20.9% to GDP and 44% of people get jobs from this sector directly or indirectly. Unemployment in this sector is from two sides.

Unemployment is defined as “a condition in which an individual is not in a state of remunerative occupation despite his desire to do so.”

Types of unemployment

• Seasonal unemployment
• Agricultural unemployment
• Frictional and technological unemployment
• Industrial unemployment
• Cyclical unemployment
• Educational unemployment
• Voluntary unemployment
• Involuntary unemployment or under-employment

Lord Keynes uses the concept of involuntary unemployment for under-employment. It refers to a condition in which the self-employed working people are not working to their full capacity. People who are partially employed, or are doing inferior jobs while they could do better jobs are not adequately employed. It can be called a state of “under-employment”.

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

The causes of unemployment are as follow:

• The policy of “laissez-faire” or free trade pursued by the British did not accelerate the process of industrialization in the sub-continent. As a result, employment opportunities could not be generated on a large scale.
• The unchecked growth of the population posed the problems of finding job opportunities.
• The decline of traditional skills and the decay of small-scale and cottage industries led to great pressure on land and this, in turn, resulted in the greater exodus of people from the rural to the urban areas. This added to urban unemployment
•  The low level of investment and the neglect of the industrial sector could not help the process of creating job opportunities.
•  Age factor fixes limitations on the range of choice of job opportunities. Too young and too old people are not eligible for many of the jobs.
• Many of our young people do not have a proper understanding of their own aptitudes, abilities, and interests on the one hand, and the tasks or jobs or career they want to pursue, on the other: If willing to do some job is not followed by the required abilities, one cannot find a job of one’s selection.
• Due to inborn or acquired disabilities or deficiencies, some remain partially employed or totally unemployed throughout their life. Illness induced by industrial conditions and the fatal accidents that often take place during work may render a few other people unemployed.
• The population in Pakistan is growing at an alarming rate. All these people who are eligible to work are not getting jobs. Hence, the population explosion in Pakistan is making the problem of unemployment more and more dangerous.
• The business field is subject to ups and downs due to the operation of the trade cycle. The economic depression which we witness in the trade cycle may induce some problematic _or sick industries to be closed down compelling their employees to become unemployed.
• Technological advancement undoubtedly contributes to economic development. But unplanned and uncontrolled growth of technology may have an adverse effect on job opportunities.
• Strikes and lock-outs have become an inseparable aspect of the industrial world today. Trade unions which are found in each and every industrial unit organize strikes, protests, processions, public protest meetings, placing, before the management a list of labor demands. In order to suppress labor strikes, managements often declare lockouts.
• Some of our young men add women are not prepared to undertake jobs that are considered to be socially “degrading” or “indecent” for Example.
• Our system of education which appears like a remnant of the British colonial rule in Pakistan has its own irreparable defects and its contribution to the problem of unemployment can hardly be exaggerated.
• Occupational mobility and geographic mobility on the part of the workers have increased the gravity of the problem of unemployment.

EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• The problem of unemployment is a serious one and it leads to a number of consequences. The evil of unemployment may be discussed under four broad heads personal disorganization, family disorganization, social disorganization, and irreparable financial losses. Unemployment is not only a societal problem it is also an individual problem. An unemployed person loses self-respect and faces a discouraging and disappointing outlook.
• Unemployment causes physical hardships and mental agony not only to the individual of the employable age but also to his family members. If the breadwinner of the family loses the job, the entire family suffers. In the absence of regular income, the family has to fall back upon its little savings, and when that is exhausted it has to resort to borrowings.
• Unemployment, if not checked or controlled, may ultimately prepare the way for social disorganization. Due to unemployment, people fail to live up to the expectations of society. Some of them may even resort to anti-social activities. It tempts or provokes them to resort to begging, indulging in criminal activities, falling prey to gambling, drug addiction, drunkenness, etc.
• Unemployment causes incalculable economic losses. Since unemployed persons become parasites in society they pose a big economic burden. The failure to provide jobs to those who have the willingness and the potential to work inevitably brings down economic production. Low production would cause low per capita income.

REMEDIAL MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS

• The problem of unemployment is growing day by day in Pakistan. It is becoming more and more complex also. Such a complex problem will have to be tackled in a planned manner. No single solution can be an effective remedy for this problem. A multi-pronged attempt is needed to face it in an effective manner. It is possible only with the combined efforts of the government and the public. The growing population in Pakistan is a major cause of many socio-economic problems. Our population is growing on an average at the rate of 2.9% per year. We are adding every thousand of mouth to eat. Job opportunities are not increasing at the same rate to accommodate the growing population. Hence the population growth has to be checked. Family planning program has to be made more popular and other suitable steps are to be taken to minimize or neutralize its growth.
• The main solution for the problem lies in achieving substantial economic development. This can be materialized, only if attention is paid equally to agriculture and industry.
• The employment opportunities in the agricultural sector may be increased through the construction of major and minor irrigation projects, expansion and development of plantations, intensive agriculture, and horticulture. Unutilized land may be brought under cultivation.
• The development of forest and fisheries and encouragement of animal husbandry (dairy farming, poultry, piggery, etc.) is also a major step in the direction of improving agricultural production.
• In the Pakistani context, cottage and household industries which are often associated with agriculture, play a vital role in the development of the economy.
• Commercial crops can make agricultural tasks economically, attractive. Commercial crops such as areca, coffee, tea, pepper, ginger, cardamom, cashew, tobacco, groundnut, vegetables, and fruits, etc.. can bring good income to the farmers. Due encouragement is to be given to the farmers to grow such commercial crops
• Depending upon the local needs and feasibility new agricultural programs and projects are to be launched so that the young people of the area get new opportunities to use their talents and energy for the developmental programs.
• Planned development of industries is essential for creating more and more job opportunities. Development of industries may include (a) large-scale industries. (b) small scale industries and (c)village and cottage industries including handicrafts. A proper balance should be maintained between agricultural growth and industrial development so that industry would not destroy handicrafts and household industries.
• Education has much to do with employment and unemployment. Our education is not much job-oriented, it is degree-oriented. It caters more to urban needs rather than to rural requirements. It has not completely come out of the British colonial bias. Hence, it has failed to create an army of self-reliant, self-dignified young men and women.

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Best Essay On Unemployment with Outline for Students

Unemployment in pakistan essay with outline for the students of b.a, bsc, bcom and bcs.

In this post, you will find an Essay on Unemployment with Outline for the students of B.A, BSC, Bcom and BCS. Here are 3 different examples of this essay with different difficulty levels. You can write the same essay under the title, Essay on Unemployment, Essay on Unemployment in Pakistan, Unemployment essay in Pakistan, unemployment in Pakistan essay. The 1st essay is an outstanding essay with 477 words.

Outline of Unemployment Essays

• Unemployment is the mother of countless evils.
• In Pakistan, we find increasing unemployment in different fields.
• Overpopulation is a major cause of unemployment.
• The slow economic and scientific progress is perhaps the greatest cause of unemployment.
• The defective system of our education is also responsible for this serious problem.
• To get rid of this problem, we have to develop our economy on modern lines.
• Rapid industrialization can remove the dark clouds of unemployment.
• Our government is trying to solve this problem as early as possible.

Unemployment means not having enough jobs to employ the unemployed. Unemployment is the mother of countless evils. It pollutes the society and wrecks the political fabric of the county. It turns the law-abiding and honest men into criminals and dacoits. It is difficult to expect truth, nobility and honesty from a person who cannot have two square meals a day, and who cannot provide a morsel of food or a dose of medicine to his sick wife or ailing children. A long spell of poverty and unemployment is a great menace to the state.

In Pakistan, we find increasing unemployment in different fields. Thousands of B.A’s and M.A’s are idle as they cannot even get the jobs of clerks. There are many causes of large scale unemployment.

First of all, the population of our country and other developing countries is rising fast. It becomes difficult to meet the needs of all the additional population. If the population goes on increasing at the present speed, all efforts of the government to provide employment and food for the public are bound to fail.

The slow economic and scientific progress is perhaps the greatest cause of unemployment. Because of sluggish industrial growth, there are not many large factories and industrial centres where labourers, skilled workers and fresh graduates can get employed.

The defective system of our education is also responsible for this serious problem. We neglect technical education. Our young men do not like physical labour. There are not enough desk jobs available in the country. As a result, unemployment prevails in society. Moreover, the decline of the cottage and small industries are also a cause of unemployment. The increasing demand of goods is also a cause of unemployment. The demand for locally made products has decreased. This thing has created a lot of problems not only for the government but also for the highly skilled artisans.

To get rid of this problem, we have to develop our economy on modern lines. Our agriculture system is backward. We must develop it with new techniques. Besides, we need to develop our cottage industries. These industries need less capital and more manpower.

Rapid industrialization can remove the dark clouds of unemployment. In rural areas, small-scale industries should be set-up.  The government should set up new factories in as many places as possible. Unemployed and skilled workers will be able to get employment in large number.

Our government is trying to solve this problem as early as possible. But in spite of all much more is needed. The concept of education should be changed. Planned limits. The government must create a powerful stimulus for foreign investors. The menace of unemployment cannot be overcome without effective planning. It is only after a long struggle that we can get rid of this evil.

2. Essay On Unemployment, Causes and Solution with Outline

• Outline A World-wide problem.
• In Pakistan, unemployment is at its highest peak.
• A source of discontent.
• Causes of large-scale unemployment.
• A comprehensive plan is required to combat unemployment.

Essay On Unemployment In Pakistan for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation

Unemployment is an economic term which shows an inability to find work for which one is suited by nature or attainments. It is a worldwide problem. Even rich and advanced countries like America, Britain and France suffer from unemployment. Its percentage varies according to the industrial and economic development of a country.

In Pakistan, unemployment is at its highest peak. All professions are over-crowded. A graduate is not welcomed in any office. There is no scope in the professions of medicine, engineering, law and education. Hundreds of qualified youngsters are wandering in search of jobs. Thousands of labourers and workers are jobless in cities and villages.

Unemployment is a social evil. It is a source of discontent, depression and anxiety for the educated as well as the uneducated people. Corruption, crime, unrest, sin and vices of all sorts prevail in a society where people are unemployed. It brings hunger, starvation, and disease. The frustrated youngsters are falling prey to violence, theft, terrorism, drugs-addiction, drug-trafficking and many other heinous crimes.

There are several causes of large-scale unemployment in Pakistan. Some are the following:

• Our defective education system is responsible for the high rate of unemployment. It only produces young men who hate manual labour. They want to get only some white-collar job. This system does not meet the economic needs of the country.
• The pace of economic development of the country is very slow. The mills and factories are unable to absorb all the jobless people. Moreover, ill-planned mechanisation and computer technology are also causing unemployment.
• In our country, a few privileged persons control the whole economy. Most of them are uneducated and unskill. But, the educated young men have neither the capital nor the opportunities to try their luck in business.
• The rapid growth of population is a major cause of unemployment. The resources of the country are not enough to maintain such a large population. The result is unemployment.

The large-scale unemployment is creating many social, economic, moral political and psychological problems in our society. Therefore, a comprehensive plan is required to combat unemployment. The education system should be reshaped to produce skilled manpower. the government should speed up the pace of economic development. Especially, the fields of energy telecommunication and transportation should be encouraged. The government should introduce self-employment schemes and set up small industries in rural and underdeveloped areas. Moreover, sincere and adequate steps should be taken to overcome the population explosion. The problem of unemployment cannot be eliminated entirely. However, it can be alleviated with devotion, sincerity and wisdom.

3. Easy Essay on Unemployment for Class 10, Class 12, FA, FSC, BA and BSC

A person who does not have work to earn his livelihood is called an unemployed person. Unemployment is a universal problem. Everybody faces it. Even developed countries like Britain and America face it. Unemployment exists at two levels in our country. There are uneducated people who have no source of income in this country. Unemployment also exists among educated people. This is very dangerous in its results.

Thousands of persons holding master’s degrees are out of job. There are numberless doctors, engineers and scientists who have degrees in their hands but they are unemployed. Even people with foreign qualification wander aimlessly in search of jobs. There are many thousands of unemployed labourers farm workers in villages and workers in cities who are daily breadwinners. Sometimes they do not get work for days and weeks together.

The causes of large-scale unemployment are many.

First, our system of education is defective. It does not fulfil our social and economic needs. It aims at producing clerks and peons instead of technicians and skilful workers. It needs scientists, technical hands and skilful workers. Our education produces young graduates who do not like to work with their hands. We must change our education and harness it to the economic needs of the country.

Secondly, our country is not much advanced in the industry. We have a few mills and factories. We cannot absorb jobless people in these factories and mills.

Thirdly, the industry of the country is controlled by a few privileged people. They do not let others share their experience and capital. If they make a little sacrifice, they can raise a network of industries in the country. The educated people have neither the opportunity nor the capital to set up an industry. The industrialists can give an incentive to the educated people to set up new factories and mills.

Fourthly, our population is increasing rapidly It is very difficult to provide jobs to such a large number of people. They go on increasing every year. Our country is underdeveloped and its sources are limited.

Large-scale unemployment has very bad effects on the progress of the country. Unemployed people do not take part in the development of the country. Moreover, the unemployed people in any society suffer from an inferiority complex. They suffer from the agony that they are worthless and good for nothing. Unemployment brings frustration and disappointment among the educated as well as the uneducated people. It brings in its wake hunger, starvation and disease. It produces a feeling of revolt among the unemployed.

Essay on Unemployment was previously in exams – P.U. 2002, P.U. 2007 B.Sc

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March 30, 2022 at 3:00 pm

awesome!! keep it up…👍👍

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It has got worse, and even leads to suicides

Unemployment is a state in which workers are capable of working and eager to work but don’t get employment. Orsan Scott Card said,

“Unemployment is capitalism’s way of getting you to plant a garden.”

Currently, looking at the condition of Pakistan, it is sad to say that many people are unemployed. Even some people are highly capable and a few among them have good education and fulfil all the requirements of a particular job, but couldn’t get one just because of unemployment.

The Pakistani rate of unemployment increased by 6.5 percent, and we can say that one out of every 10 persons in the country are experiencing unemployment. The statisticss from the urban areas for the unemployment rate were taken and it increased by 2 percent to 10.1 percent and in rural areas it increased from 4.3 percent to 5 percent. In the year 2020, when the unemployment rate in Pakistan was approximately 4.45 percent, a minor decrease from 4.65 percent the previous year. According to the Trading Economics Global Macro Model and Analysts expectations, the unemployment rate is likely to reach 5.0 percent by the end of 2021. According to official information, the predicted growth of the economy has almost eliminated the informal sector in which three of every four people lost their livelihoods between April and July the previous year. According to a report, “Special Survey for Evaluating Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 on Wellbeing of People”, the labour market of Pakistan dropped by 13 percent in the April–June quarter of 2020, leaving 20.7 million people out of work and due to that those workers, who mostly affected by this were the low-skilled young workers.

Such an environment should be created by the government which makes the industrialist set up more and more industries. There are numerous such people of very creative mindset but who are facing high interest rates on personal loans in Pakistan. The government needs to start a scheme to encourage and promote them. The businessmen should be encouraged to start their own business or continue with their family businesses

The jobless people can always be dangerous to a nation’s well-being. Those youth of the country who are unemployed are getting frustrated and falling a prey to drug addiction, theft, violence and many other social harms. Terrorists, drug traffickers and smugglers are engaging them in evil activities.

The people are getting so much depressed that according to the statistics, 136 people committed suicide just because they were unemployed. The unemployment rate is the ratio of unemployed individuals in the labour force. Unemployment negatively impacts the disposable income of families, diminishes employee self-confidence, erodes purchasing power and lessens an economy’s output.

There are three major causes of unemployment, economic causes, social causes and financial causes. The use of advanced technology, mechanization of agriculture, low industrial growth rate and reduction in foreign employment all comes under economic causes and need great attention. The second are social causes which include: high population rate, widespread illiteracy, lack of technical education, nepotism and favouritism, re-employment, political instability, rural-urban migration and Afghan refugees.  The third set are financial causes which include: deficiency of capital and lack of credit facilities.

All these causes need to be addressed on time. Those factors which give heat to the unemployment are poor governance, political instability and corruption. First attention should be given to the factors of unemployment, because if the base or root is not strong then there is no use of putting efforts to get fruits. For better fruit strong roots are required. Therefore, we need to focus on our factors to make a better and more fruitful society. The law is not considered a supreme or respectable aspect of our society. Due to lack of obeying law, everyone considers himself superior and does whatever he wants. The violation of law makes the system weak, due to which people keep away from investing or creating industries in the country.

Unemployment can be converted into employment by taking certain steps. The government needs to act sensibly and do proper planning. Education systems need to be improved and well managed and should be equal for everyone. The government needs to establish well recognized technical and training institutions, where the skills programmes are offered. To encourage the youth, motivational programmes should be done, such as programmes against drug addiction and homeless individuals. Also, there should be support programmes for mental issues.

The concept of discrimination should be ended from society to create a better atmosphere. The fiscal and monetary measures should be taken in a financial crisis situation. It is the job of the government to give many facilities and benefits to the investors so that they invest more in our country

Such an environment should be created by the government which makes the industrialist set up more and more industries. There are numerous such people of very creative mindset but who are facing high interest rates  on personal loans in Pakistan. The government needs to start a scheme to encourage and promote them. The businessmen should be encouraged to start their own business or continue with their family businesses.

Unemployment is a significant issue for any economy. It creates adverse impacts on the unemployed as they are jobless and suffer from worse chances to find a new job, and those who are employed feel less secure about keeping their jobs in future. It is the job of the government to strictly monitor the implementation of laws. The people of the country should help the government to fight against unemployment. Therefore, every citizen should follow the rules and regulations in their true spirit and should maintain discipline. To make our country successful, along with the government, every individual should do their part of the job.

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Essay on Unemployment in Pakistan with Outline

• November 23, 2023

Kainat Shakeel

Unemployment is a critical issue that transcends borders, and Pakistan is no exception. In this essay, we claw into the depths of severance in Pakistan, exploring its literal roots, current challenges, and implicit results. Understanding the complexity of this issue is pivotal for developing effective strategies that can hoist communities and foster profitable stability. 

Historical Overview:

Unemployment in Pakistan has been a patient challenge, with roots tracing back through the country’s history. profitable and social factors have contributed to the eclipse and inflow of job openings. From the early times of independence to the present day, colorful influences have shaped the employment geography. 

Current Situation:

As of (the current time), the unemployment rate in Pakistan is (percentage). The recent global epidemic of COVID-19 has worsened the situation, causing significant job losses across various sectors. The demand for comprehensive solutions has never been more critical.

Causes of unemployment:

Several factors contribute to the high situation of Unemployment in Pakistan. A lack of education and essential chops leaves numerous individuals ill-equipped for the demands of the job request. profitable insecurity, aggravated by factors like affectation and political misgivings, adds to the complexity. also, the rapid-fire growth of the population intensifies the competition for limited job openings. 

Government enterprise:

In recognition of the seriousness of the issue, the government has implemented a range of colorful programs aimed at creating job opportunities. These programs include the development of infrastructure as well as incentives for businesses. Although some have been successful, there are still challenges to be addressed, and a more nuanced approach is necessary for long-term progress. 

Education and Skill Development:

Education plays a vital part in addressing severance. Investing in quality education and skill development programs is essential for creating a pool that meets the demands of evolving diligence. This, in turn, can contribute to a reduction in Unemployment rates. 

Entrepreneurship as a result:

Encouraging entrepreneurship is a crucial aspect of diving severance. By fostering a culture that supports and celebrates entrepreneurial gambles, the nation can produce a pool of tone-employed individualities. Government-backed programs and accessible coffers can pave the way for aspiring entrepreneurs. 

Global Influences:

The global frugality has a substantial impact on Unemployment trends in Pakistan. profitable shifts, trade programs, and technological advancements in other corridors of the world can either open new openings or pose challenges for the Pakistani job request. A keen mindfulness of these global influences is vital for effective policymaking. 

Technological Advancements:

The rise of robots and artificial intelligence presents both openings and pitfalls concerning employment. While certain jobs may become obsolete, new avenues for employment in technology-related fields crop. conforming to these changes is pivotal for preparing the pool for the future. 

Social Stigma and Mental Health:

Unemployment not only affects individuals financially but also takes a risk on internal health. Addressing the social stigma associated with Unemployment is essential for fostering a probative society. Mental health enterprise can give an important- demanded safety net for those floundering with the cerebral impacts of retirement. 

Community Involvement:

Original communities and nonprofit associations play a vital part in addressing Unemployment. Grassroots enterprises, mentorship programs, and skill-structure shops contribute to creating a more flexible and exploitable pool. 

Challenges Faced by the Unemployed:

The jobless face multifaceted challenges, from fiscal struggles to societal judgment. Understanding these challenges is pivotal for developing targeted interventions that give meaningful support. 

Success Stories:

Despite the challenges, there are inspiring stories of individuals and communities prostrating Unemployment. These success stories serve as lights of stopgap, showcasing the adaptability and determination that can lead to positive change. 

Future Outlook:

Looking ahead, prognostications for severance trends suggest a need for adaptive strategies. Embracing technological advancements, investing in education, and fostering a culture of invention can contribute to a further promising future. 

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Unemployment in Pakistan is a complex issue that demands a holistic approach. By addressing education, embracing entrepreneurship, and navigating global influences, the nation can work towards a future with increased employment openings. It’s a collaborative responsibility to produce a society where the impacts of Unemployment are minimized, and individualities can thrive. 

Kainat Shakeel is a versatile Content Writer Head and Digital Marketer with a keen understanding of tech news, digital market trends, fashion, technology, laws, and regulations. As a storyteller in the digital realm, she weaves narratives that bridge the gap between technology and human experiences. With a passion for staying at the forefront of industry trends, her blog is a curated space where the worlds of fashion, tech, and legal landscapes converge.

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Zafar Iqbal

Unemployment is a serious problem in Pakistan, affecting millions of people and causing various economic and social issues. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the unemployment rate in Pakistan was 4.5% in 2020, which means that about 9.6 million people were unemployed. However, some experts argue that the actual unemployment rate is much higher, as many people are underemployed, discouraged, or not counted in the official statistics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find effective solutions to end unemployment in Pakistan and create more opportunities for the people.

Some of the possible solutions to end unemployment in Pakistan are:

Enforcing population control measures. Pakistan has a very high population growth rate, which is estimated at 2.0% per year. This means that the population is increasing by about 4.4 million people every year, which puts pressure on the limited resources and creates more demand for jobs. Therefore, it is important to implement population control measures, such as raising awareness, providing family planning services, improving maternal and child health, empowering women, and reducing poverty, to slow down the population growth and ease the burden on the economy.

Implementing better economic policies. Pakistan’s economy has been facing various challenges, such as low growth, high inflation, fiscal deficit, trade imbalance, debt burden, corruption, etc. These factors affect the business environment, the investment climate, and the consumer confidence, and hamper the creation of new jobs. Therefore, it is essential to implement better economic policies, such as improving governance, enhancing transparency, reducing taxes, increasing exports, diversifying the economy, attracting foreign aid, and reforming the public sector, to boost the economic performance and generate more employment opportunities.

Improving educational standards in technology, skills, and resourcefulness. Pakistan’s education system has been suffering from low quality, low access, and low relevance, which results in a large number of illiterate, unskilled, and unemployable people. According to the UNESCO, the literacy rate in Pakistan was 59% in 2018, which means that about 78 million people were illiterate. Moreover, the education system does not match the needs and demands of the labor market, which creates a skills gap and a mismatch between the supply and demand of workers. Therefore, it is vital to improve the educational standards in technology, skills, and resourcefulness, such as enhancing the curriculum, increasing the enrollment, providing vocational training, promoting innovation, and encouraging lifelong learning, to improve the human capital and the employability of the people.

Overcoming energy crisis. Pakistan has been facing a severe energy crisis, which affects the industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors, and causes power shortages, load shedding, and high costs. According to the World Bank, the energy deficit in Pakistan was 25% in 2019, which means that the demand for energy exceeded the supply by 25%. This situation affects the productivity, competitiveness, and profitability of the businesses, and leads to the closure of many factories and the loss of many jobs. Therefore, it is crucial to overcome the energy crisis, such as increasing the generation, improving the transmission, reducing the losses, diversifying the sources, and conserving the consumption, to ensure the availability, affordability, and sustainability of energy and to support the economic activities and the employment creation.

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Republic Policy Magazine December 2023

Developing agriculture, industry, and services sectors. Pakistan’s economy is dominated by three major sectors: agriculture, industry, and services, which contribute 19%, 21%, and 60% to the GDP, respectively. However, these sectors have not been able to achieve their full potential, due to various factors, such as low productivity, high costs, low quality, low value addition, low diversification, low innovation, etc. These factors affect the competitiveness, profitability, and growth of these sectors, and limit their ability to create more jobs. Therefore, it is important to develop these sectors, such as increasing the investment, improving the infrastructure, enhancing the technology, upgrading the skills, expanding the markets, and fostering the cooperation, to increase the output, income, and employment of these sectors.

Increasing expenditure on infrastructure. Pakistan’s infrastructure is inadequate, inefficient, and outdated, which affects the connectivity, mobility, and accessibility of the people and the goods. According to the World Economic Forum, Pakistan ranked 110th out of 141 countries in the quality of infrastructure in 2019. This situation affects the economic development, the social welfare, and the environmental sustainability of the country, and hinders the creation of new jobs. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the expenditure on infrastructure, such as building and maintaining roads, bridges, railways, airports, ports, dams, power plants, etc. to improve the physical and social infrastructure and to create more direct and indirect jobs.

Promoting entrepreneurship. Pakistan has a low level of entrepreneurship, which affects the innovation, diversification, and competitiveness of the economy. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Pakistan ranked 49th out of 54 countries in the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity in 2019. This means that only 9.5% of the adult population was involved in starting or running a new business in Pakistan. This situation affects the economic growth, the employment generation, and the social inclusion of the country, and limits the opportunities for the people. Therefore, it is essential to promote entrepreneurship, such as creating a conducive environment, providing financial and non-financial support, facilitating the registration and regulation, and celebrating the success, to encourage more people to start and run their own businesses and to create more jobs for themselves and others.

Encouraging local and international investments. Pakistan has a low level of investment, both domestic and foreign, which affects the capital formation, the technology transfer, and the employment creation of the country. According to the World Bank, the gross fixed capital formation in Pakistan was 15% of the GDP in 2019, which means that only 15% of the GDP was invested in fixed assets, such as machinery, equipment, buildings, etc. in Pakistan. Moreover, the foreign direct investment in Pakistan was only 0.5% of the GDP in 2019, which means that only 0.5% of the GDP was invested by foreign entities in Pakistan. These figures are very low compared to other developing countries, and indicate the lack of confidence and interest of the investors in Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to encourage local and international investments, such as improving the security, stability, and governance, reducing the risks and costs, offering incentives and benefits, and protecting the rights and interests, to attract more investors to invest in Pakistan and to create more jobs and income for the people.

Hence, Pakistani society and the government must ensure more employment opportunities for Pakistan’s youth. 

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Write a comprehensive note on unemployment in Pakistan: Social, political, and economic impacts

• Mutahar Iftikhar
• June 4, 2021
• CSS , CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs
• 40749 Views

Solved by Mutahar Iftikhar

PMS Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Paper 2020 | What are the main causes of the energy crisis in Pakistan? What measures do you suggest to address it? PMS 2020

Question’s Breakdown:

The examiner has divided the question into two parts, so you must give relevant weightage to each part. After introducing the subject matter, it would be best to briefly account for unemployment and its determinants in Pakistan. Then, elaborate on its significant social, political, and economic impacts. Hereafter, you must incorporate your critical analysis before ending the question through a brief conclusion, maintaining coherence and relevance to the subject matter.

The answer is solved on the given pattern, which  Sir Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students, who consistently score the maximum because of their attempting the questions. The content is based on historical facts taught by  Sir Rameez Ch .

1- Introduction

Overpowering and overshadowing all other concerns Pakistan faces today, unemployment has become the most disturbing fact in the country. It has eroded the socio-economic fabric, leaving the country in social, political, and economic turmoil.

2- Current situation

• Above 6% unemployment rate 
• About 7 million jobless youth
• Substantial brain drainage 
• Absence of a counter plan

3- Determinants of unemployment

• Deteriorating the quality of education 
• Burgeoning population
• Ebbing aggregate growth rate
• Declining Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
• Sky-rocketing inflation

4- Social impacts

• Swelling discrepancies with degradation of moral standards
• Increasing crime rate with severe social and psychological stress

5- Political impacts

• Hunger turns into anger with protests and armed violence
• Public discontentment and the people-state gap

6- Economic impacts

• Waste of significant human capital
• Inconsiderate usage of the country’s natural resources

7- Critical Analysis 8- Conclusion

Answer to the Question

Introduction

Unemployment has assumed the centre stage as the most crucial issue- overarching and, in some ways, overpowering all other concerns Pakistan faces today. The country’s unemployment crisis has multiple roots: burgeoning population, declining quality education, and ebbing growth rate. Moreover, it has large-scale social, political, and economic consequences ranging from social discrepancies and psychological stress to increasing crime rates and armed violence. Unemployment has eroded the state’s socio-economic fabric, hurting the average individual and impacting everyday life. Inauspiciously, unemployment is rising in Pakistan, and its consequences are becoming more apparent steadily. The rise in suicide, crime rates, and violent protests- coupled with political indecisiveness and large-scale brain drainage- are some manifestations heralding the severity of the crisis. This answer elaborates on the current unemployment situation in Pakistan and its major determinants, explaining its socio-economic and political impacts.

According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), Pakistan’s unemployment rate is around 6%, and there are nearly 7 million young people with no way to earn a livelihood. The actual numbers may be even higher; that presents a gloomy picture of the country’s future. Due to various reasons, the government cannot create the desired number of jobs. Therefore, according to the Labour Force Survey of PBS, the employment generation rate has remained near 1.2 million jobs per annum. However, at the minimum, 2 million jobs per annum are needed to meet the demands of the unemployed youth of Pakistan.  

It is challenging to point out a single source. Rather the widespread unemployment is the compounded outcome of multiple factors: first, the deteriorating quality of education in the country; next to it, exploding population; along with them, the ebbing aggregate growth rate on micro and macro-economic levels; moreover, declining foreign direct investments (FDIs); and, finally, sky-rocketing inflation pushing more and more people below the line of minimum subsistence. Moreover, it is debatable which factor contributes more to the crisis; nevertheless, they all directly or indirectly impact the country’s unemployment scenario. Unfortunately, all the above elements show negative progress in Pakistan, consequently pushing the country into the ever-expanding vortex of unemployment.  

Social impacts

The impacts of widespread unemployment are rife in society. With decreasing opportunities for the educated young people to make their ends meet, a wave of hopelessness is creeping among them. They are forced to spend their lives in abject poverty with no apparent means to earn livelihood to run their homes. Consequently, the disgruntled young people use unfair ways to feed the mouths dependent on them only because they cannot find a decent job. Moreover, as it is aptly said, “A hungry man is a mad man; he does not see what is right and legal, rather what fulfils his and his family’s needs.” Moral, and ethical values are the first victim of the unemployed, hungry man. In this way, social discrepancies lead to a heightened crime rate in the community, leaving a stressed, psychologically disturbed society. Hence, ongoing unemployment turns society upside down, destroying the very fundamentals of humanity.

Political impacts

Besides social impacts, the political effects of unemployment result in social unrest, violent protests, and public discontentment. Theoretically, a state is responsible for its people’s bread, residence, clothes, and security. When it fails to fulfil its duties of creating opportunities for the people to earn even the minimum subsistence, it leaves no reason for people to believe in the state. Accordingly, political unrest is followed by protests and armed violence, leaving the state in political paralysis. Moreover, the increasing fissure between the public and the state makes the country more prone to fifth-generation warfare. Hence, a robust political environment in the country is highly dependent on the prosperity of its people.  

Economic impacts

The miserable state of the country’s economy is, directly or indirectly, linked to the unemployment crisis. The shortage of opportunities to earn livelihood for young people forms the air of hopelessness, forcing them to move to another place to find opportunities. This large-scale brain drain is the potential human capital loss for Pakistan. Besides, losing the best talents available in the country leaves it incapable of exploiting its natural resources in the most efficient way possible. For an illustration, the graduates with honorary degrees in Pakistan look abroad for a bright future; thus, the country needs to import expertise and technologies to run the country, indeed a dismal situation. Henceforward, a comprehensive plan must be implemented to provide emerging talents and ample opportunities to grow and prosper.

Critical Analysis

Food, clothing, and shelter are the necessities a person needs to live an honourable life. He works day and night tirelessly to get them, earning the amount he requires to satisfy his needs. If there is no place and no job for him to work, social, political, and economic anomalies find their place in the minds of the jobless. That inflicts high short-term and long-term costs on the country, slowly ripping its socio-economic fabric apart.

In a nutshell, the prevalent unemployment crisis in Pakistan has eroded the socio-economic fabric, leaving the country in social, political, and economic turmoil. With no emphasis on tackling its determinants, it is expected to worsen. For instance, poverty, crime rate, political crisis, and economic exploitation are dreadful manifestations of joblessness, resulting in the erosion of social harmony, loss of immense human capital, and destruction of political structures. Consequently, individual economic instability leads to a major debacle derailing the country’s path to peace and prosperity. Conversely, fixing the unemployment problem can have unimaginable benedictions for the country. 

About Mutahar Iftikhar

Mutahar Iftikhar, a proud student of Sir Syed Kazim Ali , writes on various topics about competitive examinations and has also completed his creative writing course from Howfiv.

CSS 2022 Solved Pakistan Affairs Past Papers

The following are the CSS 2022 Pakistan Affairs solved past papers questions. These questions have been evaluated and checked by Pakistan’s top Pakistan Affairs and Current Affairs coaches, who are either lecturers or officers and scored the highest marks in this paper. They include Miss Saba Baloch (CSS-2021), Miss Aimeen Mirza (CSS 2018), Miss Nirmal Hasni (DD NAB), Sir Rameez Ch. (Lecturer & Deputy Director), and Miss Zaineb Azam (the highest scorer – 76). Moreover, these questions have been attempted on the same pattern taught by Sir Syed Kazim Ali to his students who have been scoring the highest marks for years.

CSS 2021 Solved Pakistan Affairs Questions

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Essay: Unemployment in Pakistan

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INTRODUCTION:-

Unemployment plays very important part in our life. Today I’m going to discuss about the unemployment in Pakistan. Unemployment is one of the biggest problem In Pakistan. That person in unemployed who has ability to do work and Is willing to do work but is unable to get job opportunity in the current situation more than 300,000 peoples are unemployed in Pakistan and unemployment ratio 12% in Pakistan.

UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN :-

Unemployment is a major problem for any country , the position of Pakistan will be seen.we will also look at the urban and rural areas of Pakistan and look at the unemployment rate there. The table below shows the total population of Pakistan. It can be clearly seen the Pakistan is suffering from over population and the being an underdeveloped country it is very difficult to control this. This also effect the employment rate of Pakistan. The population is increasing as we can see in the table. Although the growth rate is decreasing by the actual figure of population has increased from 90.10 million in 2004 to 149.03 in 2009. This shows the rapid rate of increase in force is defined as all persons of ten years of age and more who worked at least one hour during the reference period and were either paid employees or self employed.

This defined by the government of Pakistan. The table below shows the amount of people employed in Pakistan. Of the labour force of 42.75 million 39.4 are employed. 27.6 of them working in the rural areas and 11.8 in the urban areas. We can see the same aspect of the higher population rate in the rural area has caused a higher employment rate in the rural areas. the government has neglected the unregistered people who are actively participating in the labor force but are not employed because there are no jobs available to them. This cause is the negligence of the government and of the people as well as menu. The mayor problem can be seen in the table below. It is the unemployment rate in Pakistan. According to the government is defined as all persons ten years of age and above who during the period under reference were

• Without work i.e were not in paid employment or self-employed,
• Currently available for work i.e were available for paid employment or self employment.
• Seeking work i.e had taken specific steps in a specified period to seek paid employment or self employment.
• The table reveals that unemployment has increased from 5.89 % in 2004 to 7.82 % in 2009. Similarly unemployment in rural areas, which was 4.98 % in 2005, has risen to 6.94 % in 2006 & urban unemployment has enhanced from 7.95 % in 2004 to 9.92 % in 2009.e

TWO SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY:-

There are two sector of the economy are growing faster than others sector which are dairy sector and industrial sector.

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR:-

The rapid industrialization plays an important role in accelerating

The rate of growth of the economy. It provides employment opportunities, increase income through multiplier effect and upgrade the technological base of the economy. The high cost of utilities, lack of physical infrastructure, low investment, lack of skilled manpower and R&D capabilities are the main obstacle in industrial growth. The following recommendations are made to ensure sustainable growth of manufacturing sector.

• The engine of growth of manufacturing be the private sector and the government role may be restricted to provision of utilities and regulatory frame work.
• Level playing field for domestic and foreign investors and small and large scale producers.
• Fiscal incentives for promoting research and development and national awards for outstanding R&D achievements and its commercialisation.
• Improve efficiency of manufacturing sector by tariff reduction and rationalisation to ensure competitiveness in local and foreign markets.
• Public-private partnership in defence production and removal of discriminatory regulations on import of raw material, parts and assemblies.
• Fiscal and monetary incentives to invest and develop engineering and chemical industries.
• In view of WTO regime, manufacturing sector be encouraged to upgrade technology, replace existing machinery and introduce BMR to be competitive in the world market.
• Industrial estates be developed in close proximity of large engineering units. Development of vendor industry, transfer of technology and provision of credit will follow it.
• Activate judiciary for fast, efficient and transparent dispute resolution to facilitate access to technology and foreign investment through strategic alliances.
• Facilitate and encourage private sector to enter into joint ventures with multinationals and use brand names to market products.
• Cost of doing business is made attractive by reducing utility prices, simplifying the procedures of registration, avoiding multiplicity of taxes and restricting use of discretionary powers by the tax authorities.
• Encourage value addition in textile industry to remain competitive in the world market.
• Re-orient the education and training in accordance with manpower requirements of the existing and future industries.

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Pakistan: Employees in Karachi face difficulties due to unfair labour laws

Karachi [ Pakistan ], May 12 (ANI): Blue-collared and white-collared employees in Pakistan 's Karachi face several difficulties as the administration has made no clear labour laws , defining the set norms of the employee class in Pakistan . Hence, people face employment-related issues and are forced to work on the terms decided by the employer, willingly or unwillingly as they have no other option due to unemployment.

Ramzan, a resident of Pakistan 's Karachi , stated that the Pakistan i government has not paid any attention to the matter. He said that the people of the labour class have to face major issues of survival due to inflation, unemployment, and no job security and guarantees.

Ramzan said, "The government has not yet given any weightage to the matter, they have taken no significant steps regarding the matter. Especially the people of the labour class have to face major issues in survival because of inflation, unemployment, and no job security and guarantees, and they also don't get any benefits related to their employment. Moreover, the minimum wage law that is present in Pakistan is not being ensured by the employers. Regardless, it is the responsibility of the employers and the government to ensure that the employee is not harassed at the workplace. They must ensure that there are enough opportunities for employment for them so that they are trapped to work without any law."

He further stated, "The government first needs to ensure peace in big cities and stabilize the economy. And then only they can establish new industries and generate more employment for the people. Or if they are not able to establish industries and provide employment then they must start an unemployment allowance as compensation. They also have to manage their expenses and ensure the survival of their families, the education of their children, and roofs over their heads. Currently, they are not able to afford any of the basic amenities for their families and have to suffer a lot".

Mir Baloch, who is a labourer himself, said, that Pakistan no doubt celebrates a labour day, however, they don't think that the labourer s are forced to work in inhumane situations. He said that the Pakistan i government announced a minimum wage of around Pakistan i Rupees (PKR) 35000, however, the factory owners do not pay them more than PKR 20,000.

Mir Baloch said, "The country no doubt celebrates a labour day, but they don't think that we are forced to work in inhumane situations. The government has announced a minimum wage of around PKR 35000 thousand but the factory owners never give us more than PKR 20000 or even less sometimes. We have to raise our demands as we are not able to survive in these situations anyway. The government needs to ensure that the autocratic rules formed by the factory owners are kept in check, otherwise, our families will suffer.

Earlier in April, it was reported that affording basic amenities in Pakistan is becoming more and more difficult due to skyrocketing inflation in the country. People in Pakistan 's Karachi are not able to afford essential items to gather a decent meal for their family. A small shop owner from Karachi , Abdul Hameed, described the increasing rates of amenities and said that the government is ignoring the needs of the common public.

"The public is barely surviving and the authorities are not at all worried. We are not able to afford basic amenities for our families and the leaders of our country are enjoying and are still not satisfied. All basic needs like electricity, water, and gas are expensive. We have been voting for the wrong people, and they are enjoying without paying any attention to our needs," he said.

"A single 'Roti' in the market today costs us more than PKR 25 and a poor person cannot afford it for his family in any way. To survive we are ready to pay more money but the administration must at least think about the people like us who are not able to afford basic amenities for our families," he added.

Abdul Jabbar a primary school teacher from Karachi stated that "basic things are out of our reach now. Take the example of gas, they keep fooling us that the government is arranging for Gas (LPG). I am a teacher and teach my students that our country has abundant natural resources, I don't know myself if it is true or not, because if we had abundant resources the gas would not have been so costly."

"All resources in Pakistan are being diverted to make the rich even richer, and we the common people of the country are struggling every day. Additionally, we pay heavy electric bill every month, and in turn it gets more costlier. The issues have remained the same for a long time and we have been struggling, we face load shedding of around 16 hours a day in a major city," he added. (ANI)

FDR’s Relief Program: Rebuilding a Nation in Crisis

This essay is about Franklin D. Roosevelt’s relief programs, a central component of his New Deal, which aimed to address the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps provided jobs to unemployed young men by engaging them in environmental projects, helping to restore landscapes and offering them much-needed income. The Works Progress Administration put millions of Americans to work, building infrastructure while also funding arts and cultural projects that documented and enriched American life. Meanwhile, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration provided crucial grants to states for immediate aid in food, clothing, and shelter. Collectively, these programs showcased the government’s commitment to support its most vulnerable citizens and reshaped the social safety net, laying the groundwork for future government interventions during times of crisis.

How it works

Amidst the apex of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) ascended to the presidency, inheriting a landscape marred by extensive unemployment, destitution, and desolation. Commencing his tenure in 1933, he promptly instituted a series of far-reaching economic overhauls collectively known as the New Deal, aimed at ameliorating the plight of the multitudes ensnared by the economic cataclysm. The New Deal constituted a bold and unparalleled federal response to a crisis of such magnitude, with the crux of its efficacy lying in the relief programs engineered to furnish direct succor to individuals and families, catalyze economic convalescence, and foster enduring social welfare.

These undertakings epitomized the federal government’s newfound dedication to bolstering its most vulnerable denizens and reshaping the societal safety net.

Foremost among the New Deal’s triumphs was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), inaugurated in 1933, which emerged as one of its most triumphant relief endeavors. Crafted to combat both joblessness and ecological deterioration, the CCC enlisted youthful, unemployed men and deployed them on endeavors encompassing reforestation, soil conservation, and park establishment. These endeavors not only rejuvenated the nation’s topographies but also imparted participants with invaluable competencies, discipline, and a sense of mission. In return, they garnered a modest stipend and a fresh commencement, contributing to the financial security of their kindred back home. Ultimately, the CCC enlisted over three million men and sowed the seeds for the conservation ethos that continues to wield influence today.

Equally momentous was the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which employed myriad unemployed Americans between 1935 and 1943. The WPA undertook a vast spectrum of public works ventures, erecting thoroughfares, spans, educational institutions, and medical facilities that substantially enhanced the nation’s infrastructure. In addition to conventional construction endeavors, the WPA proffered employment to artisans, litterateurs, and minstrels through the Federal Arts Project, Federal Writers’ Project, and Federal Music Project. These cultural initiatives documented American existence during the Depression while concurrently enriching it with frescoes, communal concerts, and dramaturgical enactments. The WPA not only infused much-needed pecuniary resources into struggling households but also instilled a rekindled sense of national pride and cultural identity.

Regarding direct aid, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) played a pivotal role in stabilizing households and communities. Conceived in 1933, FERA expeditiously disbursed over $3 billion in subsidies to states and municipal authorities for victuals, accommodations, and attire. It furnished relief on an unparalleled scale, concentrating on immediate exigencies to guarantee that distressed Americans could endure the direst repercussions of the Depression. By authorizing states to manage these initiatives locally, FERA aspired to address the heterogeneous challenges across regions with bespoke methodologies.

The ramifications of these initiatives on the American populace cannot be overstated. They fundamentally reshaped the social covenant between the government and its denizens, laying the groundwork for a more proactive federal stance in safeguarding the welfare of all Americans. Though detractors contended that such measures were excessively intrusive or engendered dependence, the New Deal’s relief programs indubitably extricated millions from despondency and set them on a trajectory toward recuperation. They engendered a legacy of governmental intervention that would inform subsequent administrations during crises, from the Great Society programs of the 1960s to the exigency responses to the 2008 financial debacle and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ultimately, FDR’s relief programs furnished not only immediate economic succor but also sanguinity. They signified that the government was no longer a remote entity but an active participant in the quotidian lives of its populace, dedicated to their well-being and prosperity. Despite their shortcomings, these programs afforded a generation of Americans the prospect to reconstruct their lives with dignity. As we grapple with novel economic and societal vicissitudes, the ethos of those New Deal initiatives endures as a potent admonition of the transformative potential of concerted action.

Remember, this composition serves as a springboard for inspiration and further inquiry. For personalized assistance and to ensure compliance with all academic standards, contemplate seeking guidance from professionals at EduBirdie.

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