control measures of water pollution essay

Biology Article
Water Pollution Control

Water Pollution And Its Control

Water is one of the most vital natural resources on earth and has been around for a long time. In fact, the same water which we drink has been around in one form or the other since the time of the dinosaurs.

The earth has more than two-thirds of its surface covered with water. This translates to just over 1 octillion litres (1,260,000,000,000,000,000,000 litres) of water distributed in the oceans, rivers, lakes and streams.

control measures of water pollution essay

That is a lot of water, however, less than 0.3% is accessible for human consumption. As commercialization and industrialization have progressed, that number continues to dwindle down. Furthermore, inefficient and outdated practices, lack of awareness and a plethora of other circumstances have led to water pollution.

Minamata Incident

Ganges River

What is Water Pollution?

Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution is caused when water bodies such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater and aquifers get contaminated with industrial and agricultural effluents.

When water gets polluted, it adversely affects all lifeforms that directly or indirectly depend on this source. The effects of water contamination can be felt for years to come.

Also Refer: Types of Pollution

Sources Of Water Pollution

The key causative of water pollution in India are:

Urbanization.
Deforestation.
Industrial effluents.
Social and Religious Practices.
Use of Detergents and Fertilizers.
Agricultural run-offs- Use of insecticides and pesticides.

Water Pollution – A Modern Epidemic

One of the primary causes of water pollution is the contamination of water bodies by toxic chemicals. As seen in the example mentioned above, the dumped plastic bottles, tins, water cans and other wastes pollute the water bodies. These result in water pollution, which harms not just humans, but the whole ecosystem. Toxins drained from these pollutants, travel up to the food chain and eventually affect humans. In most cases, the outcome is destructive to only the local population and species, but it can have an impact on a global scale too.

Nearly 6 billion kilograms of garbage is dumped every year in the oceans. Apart from industrial effluents and untreated sewage, other forms of unwanted materials are dumped into various water bodies. These can range from nuclear waste to oil spills – the latter of which can render vast areas uninhabitable.

Effects Of Water Pollution

The effect of water pollution depends upon the type of pollutants and their concentration. Also, the location of water bodies is an important factor to determine the levels of pollution.

Water bodies in the vicinity of urban areas are extremely polluted. This is the result of dumping garbage and toxic chemicals by industrial and commercial establishments.
Water pollution drastically affects aquatic life. It affects their metabolism, and behaviour, and causes illness and eventual death. Dioxin is a chemical that causes a lot of problems from reproduction to uncontrolled cell growth or cancer. This chemical is bioaccumulated in fish, chicken and meat. Chemicals such as this travel up the food chain before entering the human body.
The effect of water pollution can have a huge impact on the food chain. It disrupts the food chain. Cadmium and lead are some toxic substances, these pollutants upon entering the food chain through animals (fish when consumed by animals, humans) can continue to disrupt at higher levels.
Humans are affected by pollution and can contract diseases such as hepatitis through faecal matter in water sources. Poor drinking water treatment and unfit water can always cause an outbreak of infectious diseases such as cholera, etc.
The ecosystem can be critically affected, modified and destructured because of water pollution.

The Minamata Incident marked one of the worst cases of water pollution

In 1932, a factory in Minamata City, Japan began dumping its industrial effluent – Methylmercury, into the surrounding bay and the sea. Methylmercury is incredibly toxic to humans and animals alike, causing a wide range of neurological disorders.

Its ill effects were not immediately noticeable. However, this all changed as methylmercury started to bioaccumulate inside shellfish and fish in Minamata Bay. These affected organisms were then caught and consumed by the local population. Soon, the ill effects of methylmercury were becoming apparent.

Initially, animals such as cats and dogs were affected by this. The city’s cats would often convulse and make strange noises before dying – hence, the term “dancing cat disease” was coined. Soon, the same symptoms were observed in people, though the cause was not apparent at the time.

Other affected people showed symptoms of acute mercury poisoning such as ataxia, muscle weakness, loss of motor coordination, damage to speech and hearing etc. In severe cases, paralysis occurred, which was followed by coma and death. These diseases and deaths continued for almost 36 years before they could be officially acknowledged by the government and the organisation.

Since then, various control measures for water pollution have been adopted by the government of Japan to curb such environmental disasters in the future.

Pollution of the Ganges

Some rivers, lakes, and groundwater are rendered unfit for usage. In India, the River Ganges is the sixth most polluted river in the world. This is unsurprising as hundreds of industries nearby release their effluents into the river. Furthermore, religious activities such as burials and cremations near the shore contribute to pollution. Apart from the ecological implications, this river poses a serious health risks as it can cause diseases like typhoid and cholera.

Pollution of the Ganges is also driving some of the distinct fauna to extinction. The Ganges River shark is a critically endangered species that belong to the order Carcharhiniformes. The Ganges River dolphin is another endangered species of dolphin that is found in the tributaries of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.

As per a survey, by the end of 2026, around 4 billion people will face a shortage of water. Presently, around 1.2 billion people worldwide do not have access to clean, potable water and proper sanitation. It is also projected that nearly 1000 children die every year in India due to water-related issues. Groundwater is an important source of water, but unfortunately, even that is susceptible to pollution. Hence, water pollution is quite an important social issue that needs to be addressed promptly.

Control Measures of Water Pollution

Water pollution, to a larger extent, can be controlled by a variety of methods. Rather than releasing sewage waste into water bodies, it is better to treat them before discharge. Practising this can reduce the initial toxicity and the remaining substances can be degraded and rendered harmless by the water body itself. If the secondary treatment of water has been carried out, then this can be reused in sanitary systems and agricultural fields.

A very special plant, the Water Hyacinth can absorb dissolved toxic chemicals such as cadmium and other such elements. Establishing these in regions prone to such kinds of pollutants will reduce the adverse effects to a large extent.

Some chemical methods that help in the control of water pollution are precipitation, the ion exchange process, reverse osmosis , and coagulation. As an individual, reusing, reducing, and recycling wherever possible will advance a long way in overcoming the effects of water pollution.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is sewage treatment.

Wastewater treatment or sewage treatment generally refers to the process of cleaning or removing all pollutants, treating wastewater and making it safe and suitable for drinking before releasing it into the environment.

What are the main steps in sewage treatment?

There are four main stages of the wastewater treatment process, namely:

Stage 1: Screening
Stage 2: Primary treatment
Stage 3: Secondary treatment
Stage 4: Final treatment

What are the main causes of water pollution?

The main causes of water pollution are attributed to

Industrial activities
Urbanization
Religious and social practices
Agricultural runoff
Accidents (such as oil spills, nuclear fallouts etc)

What are the effects of water pollution?

Water pollution can have disastrous consequences on the ecosystem. Furthermore, toxic chemicals can travel through the food chain and get into our bodies, causing diseases and death.

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102 Water Pollution Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Water pollution essays are an excellent way to demonstrate your awareness of the topic and your position on the solutions to the issue. To help you ease the writing process, we prepared some tips, essay topics, and research questions about water pollution.

🌎 Air and Water pollution: Essay Writing Tips

🏆 best water pollution essay topics & examples, 📌 remarkable air and water pollution research topics, 👍 good research topics about water pollution, ❓ research questions about water pollution.

Water’s ready availability in many locations makes it an easy choice for a variety of purposes, from cleaning to manufacturing to nuclear reactor cooling. However, many companies will then dump water, now mixed with waste, back into rivers or lakes without adequate cleaning, leading to significant environmental pollution.

However, there are other types of harm, such as noise pollution, which are less obvious but also dangerous to sea life. It is critical that you understand what you should and should not do during your writing process.

The stance that big manufacturing industries are the sole culprits of the damage done to the world’s rivers and oceans is a popular one. However, do not neglect the effects of other water pollution essay topics such as microorganisms.

Microbes can spread dangerous illnesses, making them a danger for both water inhabitants and the people who then use that water. Furthermore, they can eat up oxygen if left unchecked, starving fish and other water organisms and eventually making them die out.

Such situations usually result from agricultural practices, which can lead to powerful nutrients entering the water and enabling algae and other microorganisms to grow excessively. An overly lively environment can be as harmful as one where everything is threatened.

With that said, industrial manufacturers deserve much of the attention and blame they receive from various communities. Construction of dedicated waste-cleaning facilities is usually possible, but companies avoid doing so because the process will increase their costs.

You should advocate for green practices, but be mindful of the potential impact of a significant price increase on the global economy. Also, be sure to mention more exotic pollution variations in your types of water pollution essay.

Provide examples of noise pollution or suspended matter pollution to expand on the topic of the complexity of the harm humanity causes to the ecosphere.

You should show your understanding that there are many causes, and we should work on addressing all of them, a notion you should repeat in your water pollution essay conclusions.

However, you should try to avoid being sidetracked too much and focus on the titles of pollution and its immediate causes.

If you stretch far enough, you may connect the matter to topics such as the status of a woman in Islam. However, doing so contributes little to nothing to your point and deviates from the topic of ecology into social and religious studies.

Leave the search for connections to dedicated researchers and concentrate on discussing the major causes that are known nowadays. By doing this, you will be able to create an excellent and powerful work that will demonstrate your understanding of the topic.

Here are some tips for your writing:

Be sure to discuss the different types of pollution that is caused by the same source separately. Surface and groundwater pollution are different in their effects and deserve separate discussions.
Focus on the issues and not on solutions, as an essay does not provide enough space to discuss the latter in detail.
Be sure to discuss the effects of pollution on people and other land inhabitants as well as on water creatures.

Check IvyPanda to get more water pollution essay titles, paper ideas, and other useful samples!

Water Pollution: Causes, Effects and Possible Solutions This is why clean water is required in all the places to make sure the people and all the living creatures in the planet live a good and healthy life.
Air and Water Pollution in the Modern World The high number of vehicles in the city has greatly promoted air pollution in the area. Poor sewerage system, high pollution from industries and automobiles are among the major causes of air and water pollutions […]
Water Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Prevention Farmers should be encouraged to embrace this kind of farming which ensures that the manure used is biodegradable and do not end up accumulating in the water bodies once they are washed off by floods.
Water Pollution in the Philippines: Metropolitan Manila Area In this brief economic analysis of water pollution in Metro Manila, it is proposed to look at the industrial use of waters and the household use to understand the impact that the population growth and […]
Water Pollution as a Crime Against the Environment In particular, water pollution is a widespread crime against the environment, even though it is a severe felony that can result in harm to many people and vast territories.
Water Pollution in a Community: Mitigation Plan Though for the fact that planet earth is abundant with water and almost two-thirds of the planet is made up of water still it is viewed that in future years, a shortage of water may […]
Water Pollution and Management in the UAE The groundwater in UAE meets the needs of 51% of users in terms of quantity mainly for irrigation. Surface water is the source of groundwater and plays a major role in groundwater renewal.
Air and Water Pollution in Los Angeles One of the major problems facing major cities and towns in the world is pollution; wastes from firms and households are the major causes of pollution.
Cashion Water Quality: Spatial Distribution of Water Pollution Incidents This essay discusses the quality of water as per the report of 2021 obtained from the municipality, the quality issue and the source of pollution, and how the pollution impacts human health and the environment […]
Importance of Mercury Water Pollution Problem Solutions The severity of the mercury contamination consequences depends on the age of the person exposed to the contamination, the way of contamination, the health condition, and many other factors.
Newark Water Crisis: Water Pollution Problem The main problem was rooted in the fact that lead levels in the drinking water were highly elevated, which is dangerous and detrimental to the population’s health.
Water Pollution: OIL Spills Aspects The effects of the oil spill on a species of ducks called the Harlequin ducks were formulated and the author attempted to trace out the immediate and residual effects of the oil on the birds.
Food Distribution and Water Pollution Therefore, food distribution is one of the central reasons for water pollution. According to Greenpeace, one of the ways to improve the ecology of the planet is by creating healthy food markets.
Coca-Cola India and Water Pollution Issues The first difficulty that the representatives of the Coca-Cola Company happened to face due to their campaign in the territory of India was caused by the concerns of the local government.
Water Pollution and Associated Health Risks The results of plenty of studies indicate the existence of the relation between the contamination of water by hazardous chemicals and the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, asthma, allergies, as well as reproductive […]
Lake Erie Water Pollution There are worries among the members of the community that the lake could be facing another episode of high toxicity, and they have called for the authorities to investigate the main causes of the pollution […]
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan All players need to be trained in significant areas of business so as they can handle them with care and beware of the potential they have in causing damage.
Water Pollution in the US: Causes and Control Although water pollution can hardly be ceased entirely, the current rates of water pollution can be reduced by resorting to the sustainable principle of water use in both the industrial area and the realm of […]
Water Pollution and Its Challenges Water pollution refers to a situation where impurities find way into water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and ground water. This is a form of pollution where impurities enter water bodies through distinct sources such […]
Water Pollution Sources, Effects and Control Unfortunately, not all the users of water are responsible to ensure that proper disposal or treatment of the used water is done before the water is returned to the water bodies.
Water in Crisis: Public Health Concerns in Africa In the 21st century, the world faces a crisis of contaminated water, which is the result of industrialization and is a major problem in developing countries.
Air and Water Pollution Thus, it is classified as a primary pollutant because it is the most common pollutants in the environment. In the environment, the impact of carbon monoxide is felt overtime, since it leads to respiratory problems.
Causes of Water Pollution and the Present Environmental Solution Prolonged pollution of water has even caused some plants to grow in the water, which pose danger to the living entities that have their inhabitants in the water.
Water Pollution & Diseases (Undeveloped Nations) Restriction on movement and access to the affected area affects trade and the loss of human life and deteriorated health is a major blow on the economy and on the quality of human life.
Water and Water Pollution in Point of Economics’ View This research tries to explain the importance of water especially in an economist’s perspective by explaining the uses of water in various fields, pollution of water and the agents of pollution.
Environmental Justice Issues Affecting African Americans: Water Pollution Water pollution in the 1960s occurred due to poor sewage systems in the urban and rural areas. Unlike in the 1960s, there are reduced cases of water pollution today.
Water Pollution and Wind Energy Chemical pollution of water is one of the leading causes of death of aquatic life. It is thus evident that chemical pollution of water not only has negative effects on health, but it also substantially […]
Water Pollution Causes and Climate Impacts The biggest percentage of sewage waste consists of water, treating the wastes for recycling would help in maintaining a constant supply of water.
Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving The evidence provided by environmental agencies indicates that industrial agriculture is one of the factors that significantly contribute to the deterioration of water quality.
Mud Lick Creek Project – Fresh Water Pollution This potential source of pollutants poses significant risks to the quality of water at the creek in terms altering the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and the turbidity of the water.
Water Pollution in the Jamaican Society
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Water Pollution and Individual Effects of Water Pollution
Understanding What Causes Water Pollution
An Analysis of Water Pollution as a Global Plague That Affects the People, Animals and Plants
Water Pollution Through Urban and Rural Land Use and Freshwater Allocation in New Zealand
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Voluntary Incentives for Reducing Agricultural Nonpoint Source Water Pollution
The Impact of Water Pollution on Public Health in Flint, Michigan
Understanding Water Pollution and Its Causes
The Promises and Pitfalls of Devolution: Water Pollution Policies in the American States
We Must Fight Against Water Pollution
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Water Pollution and Drinking Water Quality
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US Water Pollution Regulation over the Past Half Century: Burning Waters to Crystal Springs
Environmental Impact and Health Risks of Water Pollution to a Child
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Domestic sewage

Solid waste, toxic waste, thermal pollution, petroleum (oil) pollution, effects of water pollution on groundwater and oceans, water quality standards.

How does water pollution affect aquatic wildlife?

Is red tide caused by water pollution.

Fireboat response crews battle the blazing remnants of the off shore oil rig BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in the Gulf of Mexico, April 21, 2010. A Coast Guard rescue helicopter document the fire, searches for survivors of the 126 person crew. BP spill

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Table Of Contents

What is water pollution?

Water pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that makes water unsafe for human use and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can be caused by a plethora of different contaminants, including toxic waste , petroleum , and disease-causing microorganisms .

What human activities cause water pollution?

Human activities that generate domestic sewage and toxic waste cause water pollution by contaminating water with disease-causing microorganisms and poisonous substances. Oil spills are another source of water pollution that have devastating impacts on surrounding ecosystems.

Sewage can promote algae growth, which can eventually result in eutrophic “dead zones” where aquatic life cannot survive because of a lack of oxygen. Microplastics are often found in marine wildlife and can become concentrated in humans who consume seafood because of biomagnification . Oil spills, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, strand and kill many different marine species.

While some studies point to human activity as a catalyst for red tide, scientists are unsure about its cause. Red tide is a common term for harmful algal blooms that often poison or kill wildlife and humans who consume contaminated seafood. Red tides can severely impact ecosystems and local economies.

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water pollution , the release of substances into subsurface groundwater or into lakes , streams, rivers , estuaries , and oceans to the point that the substances interfere with beneficial use of the water or with the natural functioning of ecosystems . In addition to the release of substances, such as chemicals , trash, or microorganisms, water pollution may include the release of energy , in the form of radioactivity or heat , into bodies of water.

Types and sources of water pollutants

Gitanjali Rao explains the fight for clean drinking water

Water bodies can be polluted by a wide variety of substances, including pathogenic microorganisms, putrescible organic waste, fertilizers and plant nutrients , toxic chemicals, sediments, heat , petroleum (oil), and radioactive substances . Several types of water pollutants are considered below. (For a discussion of the handling of sewage and other forms of waste produced by human activities, see waste disposal and solid-waste management .)

Water pollutants come from either point sources or dispersed sources. A point source is a pipe or channel, such as those used for discharge from an industrial facility or a city sewerage system . A dispersed (or nonpoint) source is a very broad unconfined area from which a variety of pollutants enter the water body, such as the runoff from an agricultural area. Point sources of water pollution are easier to control than dispersed sources, because the contaminated water has been collected and conveyed to one single point where it can be treated. Pollution from dispersed sources is difficult to control, and, despite much progress in the building of modern sewage-treatment plants, dispersed sources continue to cause a large fraction of water pollution problems.

Domestic sewage is the primary source of pathogens ( disease -causing microorganisms) and putrescible organic substances. Because pathogens are excreted in feces , all sewage from cities and towns is likely to contain pathogens of some type, potentially presenting a direct threat to public health . Putrescible organic matter presents a different sort of threat to water quality. As organics are decomposed naturally in the sewage by bacteria and other microorganisms, the dissolved oxygen content of the water is depleted. This endangers the quality of lakes and streams, where high levels of oxygen are required for fish and other aquatic organisms to survive. In addition, domestic sewage commonly contains active pharmaceutical ingredients, which can harm aquatic organisms and may facilitate antibiotic resistance . Sewage-treatment processes reduce the levels of pathogens and organics in wastewater, but they do not eliminate them completely ( see also wastewater treatment ).

Domestic sewage is also a major source of plant nutrients , mainly nitrates and phosphates . Excess nitrates and phosphates in water promote the growth of algae , sometimes causing unusually dense and rapid growths known as algal blooms . When the algae die, oxygen dissolved in the water declines because microorganisms use oxygen to digest algae during the process of decomposition ( see also biochemical oxygen demand ). Anaerobic organisms (organisms that do not require oxygen to live) then metabolize the organic wastes, releasing gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide , which are harmful to the aerobic (oxygen-requiring) forms of life. The process by which a lake changes from a clean, clear condition—with a relatively low concentration of dissolved nutrients and a balanced aquatic community —to a nutrient-rich, algae-filled state and thence to an oxygen-deficient, waste-filled condition is called eutrophication . Eutrophication is a naturally occurring, slow, and inevitable process. However, when it is accelerated by human activity and water pollution (a phenomenon called cultural eutrophication ), it can lead to the premature aging and death of a body of water.

The improper disposal of solid waste is a major source of water pollution. Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, electronic waste , trash, and construction and demolition waste, all of which are generated by individual, residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. The problem is especially acute in developing countries that may lack infrastructure to properly dispose of solid waste or that may have inadequate resources or regulation to limit improper disposal. In some places solid waste is intentionally dumped into bodies of water. Land pollution can also become water pollution if the trash or other debris is carried by animals, wind, or rainfall to bodies of water. Significant amounts of solid waste pollution in inland bodies of water can also eventually make their way to the ocean. Solid waste pollution is unsightly and damaging to the health of aquatic ecosystems and can harm wildlife directly. Many solid wastes, such as plastics and electronic waste, break down and leach harmful chemicals into the water, making them a source of toxic or hazardous waste.

Of growing concern for aquatic environments is plastic pollution . Since the ocean is downstream from nearly every terrestrial location, it is the receiving body for much of the plastic waste generated on land. Several million tons of debris end up in the world’s oceans every year, and much of it is improperly discarded plastic litter. Plastic pollution can be broken down by waves and ultraviolet radiation into smaller pieces known as microplastics , which are less than 5 mm (0.2 inch) in length and are not biodegradable. Primary microplastics, such as microbeads in personal care products and plastic fibers in synthetic textiles (e.g., nylon ), also enter the environment directly, through any of various channels—for example, from wastewater treatment systems , from household laundry, or from unintentional spills during manufacturing or transport. Alarmingly, a number of studies of both freshwater and marine locations have found microplastics in every aquatic organism tested. These tiny plastics are suspected of working their way up the marine food chains , from zooplankton and small fish to large marine predators, and have been found in seafood. Microplastics have also been detected in drinking water. Their health effects are unknown.

Can reed beds clean contaminated groundwater?

Waste is considered toxic if it is poisonous , radioactive , explosive , carcinogenic (causing cancer ), mutagenic (causing damage to chromosomes ), teratogenic (causing birth defects), or bioaccumulative (that is, increasing in concentration at the higher ends of food chains). Sources of toxic chemicals include improperly disposed wastewater from industrial plants and chemical process facilities ( lead , mercury , chromium ) as well as surface runoff containing pesticides used on agricultural areas and suburban lawns ( chlordane , dieldrin , heptachlor). (For a more-detailed treatment of toxic chemicals, see poison and toxic waste .)

Sediment (e.g., silt ) resulting from soil erosion or construction activity can be carried into water bodies by surface runoff . Suspended sediment interferes with the penetration of sunlight and upsets the ecological balance of a body of water. Also, it can disrupt the reproductive cycles of fish and other forms of life , and when it settles out of suspension it can smother bottom-dwelling organisms.

Heat is considered to be a water pollutant because it decreases the capacity of water to hold dissolved oxygen in solution, and it increases the rate of metabolism of fish. Valuable species of game fish (e.g., trout ) cannot survive in water with very low levels of dissolved oxygen . A major source of heat is the practice of discharging cooling water from power plants into rivers; the discharged water may be as much as 15 °C (27 °F) warmer than the naturally occurring water. The rise in water temperatures because of global warming can also be considered a form of thermal pollution.

Petroleum ( oil ) pollution occurs when oil from roads and parking lots is carried in surface runoff into water bodies. Accidental oil spills are also a source of oil pollution—as in the devastating spills from the tanker Exxon Valdez (which released more than 260,000 barrels in Alaska’s Prince William Sound in 1989) and from the Deepwater Horizon oil rig (which released more than 4 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010). Oil slicks eventually move toward shore, harming aquatic life and damaging recreation areas.

Groundwater —water contained in underground geologic formations called aquifers —is a source of drinking water for many people. For example, about half the people in the United States depend on groundwater for their domestic water supply . Although groundwater may appear crystal clear (due to the natural filtration that occurs as it flows slowly through layers of soil ), it may still be polluted by dissolved chemicals and by bacteria and viruses . Sources of chemical contaminants include poorly designed or poorly maintained subsurface sewage-disposal systems (e.g., septic tanks ), industrial wastes disposed of in improperly lined or unlined landfills or lagoons , leachates from unlined municipal refuse landfills, mining and petroleum production, and leaking underground storage tanks below gasoline service stations. In coastal areas, increasing withdrawal of groundwater (due to urbanization and industrialization) can cause saltwater intrusion: as the water table drops, seawater is drawn into wells.

The impact of plastic waste on marine life

Although estuaries and oceans contain vast volumes of water, their natural capacity to absorb pollutants is limited. Contamination from sewage outfall pipes, from dumping of sludge or other wastes, and from oil spills can harm marine life, especially microscopic phytoplankton that serve as food for larger aquatic organisms. Sometimes, unsightly and dangerous waste materials can be washed back to shore, littering beaches with hazardous debris. In oceans alone, annual pollution from all types of plastics was estimated to be between 4.8 million and 12.7 million tonnes (between 5.3 million and 14 million tons) in the early 21st century, and floating plastic waste had accumulated in Earth’s five subtropical gyres, which cover 40 percent of the world’s oceans.

Understand global warming as a factor in the decline of dissolved oxygen in the ocean

Another ocean pollution problem is the seasonal formation of “ dead zones” (i.e., hypoxic areas, where dissolved oxygen levels drop so low that most higher forms of aquatic life vanish) in certain coastal areas. The cause is nutrient enrichment from dispersed agricultural runoff and concomitant algal blooms. Dead zones occur worldwide; one of the largest of these (sometimes as large as 22,730 square km [8,776 square miles]) forms annually in the Gulf of Mexico , beginning at the Mississippi River delta.

Although pure water is rarely found in nature (because of the strong tendency of water to dissolve other substances), the characterization of water quality (i.e., clean or polluted) is a function of the intended use of the water. For example, water that is clean enough for swimming and fishing may not be clean enough for drinking and cooking. Water quality standards (limits on the amount of impurities allowed in water intended for a particular use) provide a legal framework for the prevention of water pollution of all types.

There are several types of water quality standards. Stream standards are those that classify streams, rivers , and lakes on the basis of their maximum beneficial use; they set allowable levels of specific substances or qualities (e.g., dissolved oxygen , turbidity, pH) allowed in those bodies of water, based on their given classification. Effluent (water outflow) standards set specific limits on the levels of contaminants (e.g., biochemical oxygen demand , suspended solids, nitrogen ) allowed in the final discharges from wastewater-treatment plants. Drinking-water standards include limits on the levels of specific contaminants allowed in potable water delivered to homes for domestic use. In the United States , the Clean Water Act and its amendments regulate water quality and set minimum standards for waste discharges for each industry as well as regulations for specific problems such as toxic chemicals and oil spills . In the European Union , water quality is governed by the Water Framework Directive, the Drinking Water Directive, and other laws . ( See also wastewater treatment .)

Water Pollution Causes, Effects and Solutions

Introduction, causes of water pollution, effects of water pollution, solutions to water pollution, reference list.

Rivers are common sources of water in the world. Water is useful in various ways both domestically and in industries. It is imperative that such water remains clean and safe and free from any pollution. Unfortunately, water pollution takes place in various water bodies all over the world. This essay seeks to examine the concept of water pollution, its causes, effects, and solutions to water pollution.

Water pollution refers to dirtying of water resulting in a chemical, physical or biological alteration in the condition of water making such water harmful to anyone who utilizes it. In other words, pollution makes water unfit for consumption (Go Green Academy, 2013). There are various causes of water pollution. Disposing solid waste in water sources is the main cause of water pollution (Go Green Academy, 2013). Most of these wastes are made of plastic, which by nature, is non-biodegradable. Plastics take over four hundred years to decompose in water and as such, they move in different places before they finally decompose.

Effluence from industries and factories cause water pollution (Go Green Academy, 2013). Coffee factories use fresh water to transport waste to rivers. Effluence from industrial plants adds pollutants like lead and mercury into rivers. Oil spills from ships on transit also cause water pollution. Oil is indissoluble in water and consequently forms thick patches on the water surface making it hard for organisms in such a water body to survive. Overall, such contaminated water destroys an ecosystem (Go Green Academy, 2013).

Sewerage disposal from households and commercial houses cause water pollution. In some places, sewage can be treated or recycled but in most places, such waste finds a way into rivers. Due to chemical substances used in maintaining hygiene in washrooms, effluence from such places is destructive to water sources into which it flows (Go Green Academy, 2013). Cauterizing of fossil fuels leads to building up of acidic particles in the air, which in turn leads to acidic rains falling on water bodies (Go Green Academy, 2013).

Groundwater polluted through the use of chemicals in farming causes destruction to plants, which in turn affect human beings and animals that feed on them (Go Green Academy, 2013). Secondly, polluted water causes skin rashes and even cancer to swimmers. In addition, such water can cause reproductive difficulties and typhoid fever, which if untreated, leads to death. Water pollution leads to flooding when solid wastes accumulate to very high levels (Go Green Academy, 2013).

Global warming leads to increased water temperatures and this leads to the destruction of aquatic plants. Coral reefs, for instance, suffer destruction because warm water has a discoloring effect on them. In addition, plastic materials can easily entangle organisms such as fish leading to their suffocation and death hence reduction in available organisms for human consumption. Water polluted by oil spills also leads to the death of aquatic animals (Go Green Academy, 2013).

Several measures are necessary to tackle water pollution. Relevant authorities should enforce existing regulations concerning water pollution and come up with an even stricter penalty for those who pollute water (Hearn, 2013). Secondly, people should use less plastic and avoid littering by using designated dumping sites. Farmers, as well as householders, should minimize the use of chemicals such as fertilizers and adopt the use of environmental friendly fertility boosters like animal wastes. Since cars emit particles that lead to acidic rains, people should drive less and where possible use public transport to minimize emissions into the atmosphere (Hearn, 2013)

Go Green Academy. 2013, Causes and effects of water pollution . Web.

Hearn, M. 2013, Solutions to water pollution . Web.

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Essay on Water Pollution for Students and Children

500+ words essay on water pollution.

Water is the most important resource for survival on a planet. It is the essence of life on our planet – Earth. Yet if you ever see a river or lake around your city, it would be evident to you that we are facing a very serious problem of Water pollution. Let us educate ourselves about water and water pollution . Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by water , seventy-six perfect of your body is made up of water.

Water and Water Cycle

As you already know water is everywhere and all around. However, we have a fixed amount of water on earth. It just changes its states and goes through a cyclic order, known as the Water Cycle. The water cycle is a natural process that is continuous in nature. It is the pattern in which the water from oceans, seas, lakes, etc gets evaporated and turns to vapor. After which it goes through the process of condensation, and finally precipitation when it falls back to earth as rain or snow.

What is Water Pollution?

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater) usually caused due to human activities. Water pollution is any change, minor or major in the physical, chemical or biological properties of water that eventually leads to a detrimental consequence of any living organism . Drinking water, called Potable Water, is considered safe enough for human and animal consumption.

Sources of Water Pollution

Domestic Waste
Industrial effluents
Insecticides and pesticides
Detergents and Fertilizers

Some of the water pollutions are caused by direct Sources, such as factories, waste management facilities, refineries, etc, that directly releases waste and dangerous by-products into the nearest water source without treating them. Indirect sources include pollutants that infuse in the water bodies via groundwater or soil or via the atmosphere through acidic rain.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Effects of Pollution of Water

The effects of Water Pollution are:

Diseases: In humans, drinking or consuming polluted water in any way has many disastrous effects on our health. It causes typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and various other diseases.

Eradication of Ecosystem: Ecosystem is extremely dynamic and responds to even small changes in the environment. Increasing water pollution can cause an entire ecosystem to collapse if left unchecked.

Eutrophication: Chemicals accumulation and infusion in a water body, encourages the growth of algae. The algae form a layer on top of the pond or lake. Bacteria feed on this algae and this event decreases the amount of oxygen in the water body, severely affecting the aquatic life there

Effects of the food chain: Turmoil in food chain happens when the aquatic animals (fish, prawns, seahorse, etc) consume the toxins and pollutants in the water, and then the humans consume them.

Prevention of Water Pollution

The best way to prevent large-scale water pollution is to try and reduce its harmful effects. There are numerous small changes we can make to protect ourselves from a future where water is scarce.

Conserve Water: Conserving water should be our first aim. Water wastage is a major problem globally and we are only now waking up to the issue. Simple small changes made domestically will make a huge difference.

Treatment of sewage: Treating waste products before disposing of it in water bodies helps reduce water pollution on a large scale. Agriculture or other industries can reuse this wastewater by reducing its toxic contents.

Use of environment-friendly products: By using soluble products that do not go on to become pollutants, we can reduce the amount of water pollution caused by a household.

Life is ultimately about choices and so is water pollution. We cannot live with sewage-strewn beaches, contaminated rivers , and fish that are poisonous to drink and eat. To avoid these scenarios, we can work together to keep the environment clean so the water bodies, plants, animals, and people who depend on it remain healthy. We can take individual or teamed action to help reduce water pollution. As an example, by using environmentally friendly detergents, not pouring oil down the drains, reducing the usage of pesticides, and so on. We can take community action too to keep our rivers and seas cleaner. And we can take action as countries and continents to pass laws against water pollution. Working together, we can make water pollution less of a problem—and the world a better place.

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Essay on Water Pollution: Samples in 200, 500 Words

Updated on
Mar 23, 2024

Essay on Water Pollution: Water pollution occurs when human activities introduce toxic substances into freshwater ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater, leading to the degradation of water quality. The combination of harmful chemicals with water has a negative impact on these ecosystems.

Various human actions, particularly those affecting land, water, and underwater surfaces, contribute to this pollution, disrupting the natural supply of clean water and posing a significant danger to all forms of life, including humans.

Table of Contents

1 What is Water Pollution?
2.1 Contaminants
2.2 Solution
3.1 Reasons for Water Pollution
3.2 Methods of Water Pollution Management
3.3 Real-Life Encounter

What is Water Pollution?

When many pollutants such as garbage, chemicals, bacteria, household waste, industrial waste, etc get mixed in the water resources and make the water unfit for cooking, drinking, cleaning, etc. it is known as water pollution. Water pollution damages the quality of water. lakes, water streams, rivers, etc may become polluted and eventually they will pollute the oceans. All this will directly or indirectly affect the lives of us humans and the animals deteriorating our health.

Essay on Water Pollution in 200 Words

Water is plentiful on Earth, present both above and beneath its surface. A variety of water bodies, such as rivers, ponds, seas, and oceans, can be found on the planet’s surface. Despite Earth’s ability to naturally replenish its water, we are gradually depleting and mishandling this abundant resource.

Although water covers 71% of the Earth’s surface and land constitutes the remaining 29%, the rapid expansion of water pollution is impacting both marine life and humans.

Contaminants

Water pollution stems significantly from city sewage and industrial waste discharge. Indirect sources of water pollution include contaminants that reach water supplies via soil, groundwater systems, and precipitation.

Chemical pollutants pose a greater challenge in terms of removal compared to visible impurities, which can be filtered out through physical cleaning. The addition of chemicals alters water’s properties, rendering it unsafe and potentially lethal for consumption.

Solution

Prioritizing water infrastructure enhancement is vital for sustainable water management, with a focus on water efficiency and conservation.

Furthermore, rainwater harvesting and reuse serve as effective strategies to curb water pollution. Reclaimed wastewater and collected rainwater alleviate stress on groundwater and other natural water sources.

Groundwater recharge, which transfers water from surface sources to groundwater, is a well-known approach to mitigate water scarcity. These measures collectively contribute to safeguarding the planet’s water resources for present and future generations.

Here is a list of Major Landforms of the Earth !

Essay on Water Pollution in 500 Words

The term “water pollution” is employed when human or natural factors lead to contamination of bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Responsible management is now imperative to address this significant environmental concern. The primary sources of water contamination are human-related activities like urbanization, industrialization, deforestation, improper waste disposal, and the establishment of landfills.

Reasons for Water Pollution

The availability of freshwater on our planet is limited, and pollution only increases this scarcity. Every year, a substantial amount of fresh water is lost due to industrial and various other types of pollution. Pollutants encompass visible waste items of varying sizes as well as intangible, hazardous, and lethal compounds.

Numerous factories are situated in proximity to water bodies, utilizing freshwater to transport their waste. This industrial waste carries inherent toxicity, jeopardizing the well-being of both plant and animal life. Individuals living close to polluted water sources frequently suffer from skin problems, respiratory ailments, and occasionally even life-threatening health conditions.

Water contamination is also intensified by urban waste and sewage, adding to the problem. Each household generates considerable waste annually, including plastic, chemicals, wood, and other materials. Inadequate waste disposal methods result in this refusal to infiltrate aquatic ecosystems like rivers, lakes, and streams, leading to pollution.

Methods of Water Pollution Management

Raising awareness about the causes and consequences of water pollution is crucial in significantly reducing its prevalence. Encouraging community or organizational clean-up initiatives on a weekly or monthly basis plays a pivotal role.

To eradicate water contamination completely, stringent legislation needs to be formulated and diligently enforced. Rigorous oversight would promote accountability, potentially deterring individuals and groups from polluting. Each individual should recognize the impact of their daily actions and take steps to contribute to a better world for generations to come.

Real-Life Encounter

My affection for my town has always been heightened by its abundant lakes, rivers, and forests. During one of my walks alongside the river that flowed through my village, I was struck by the unusual hues swirling within the water. The once-familiar crystal-clear blue had been replaced by a murky brown shade, accompanied by a potent, unpleasant odour. Intrigued, I decided to investigate further, descending to the riverbank for a closer look at the source of the peculiar colours and smells. Upon closer inspection, I observed peculiar foam bubbles floating on the water’s surface.

Suddenly, a commotion behind me caught my attention, and I turned to witness a group of people hastening toward the river. Their frantic shouts and vigorous gestures conveyed their panic, prompting me to realize that a grave situation was unfolding. As the group reached the river, they were confronted with the distressing sight of numerous lifeless fish floating on the water’s surface.

Following a comprehensive investigation, it was revealed that a local factory had been releasing toxic chemicals into the river, resulting in extensive pollution and the devastation of the ecosystem. This investigation left me stunned and disheartened, acknowledging the significant effort required to restore the river to its own form.

Aditi Gupta

A bachelors in Journalism and Mass Communication graduate, I am an enthusiastic writer. I love to write about impactful content which can help others. I love to binge watch and listen to music during my free time.

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Water Pollution Essay

Water Pollution and How it Harms the Environment

Global pollution is a problem. Pollution can spread to remote areas where no one lives, despite the fact that urban areas are typically more polluted than the countryside. Air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution are the three main categories of pollution. Some contaminated water has a terrible smell, a muddy appearance, and floating trash. Some contaminated water appears clean, but it contains dangerous substances that you can't see or smell.

Together, developed and developing nations must fight to conserve the environment for present and future generations. Today, we dig deep into the subject of Water Pollution. This article can be an introduction to water pollution for kids as we will read many things such as the causes of water pollution further in the article.

What is Water Pollution?

Water contamination occurs when pollutants pollute water sources and make the water unfit for use in drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Chemicals, garbage, bacteria, and parasites are examples of pollutants. Water is eventually damaged by all types of pollution. Lakes and oceans become contaminated by air pollution. Land contamination may contaminate an underground stream, a river, and ultimately the ocean. As a result, trash thrown on an empty lot can eventually contaminate a water source.

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Water Pollution

The water cycle, called the hydrological cycle, involves the following steps:

Evaporation- Because of the sun's heat, the water bodies such as oceans, lakes, seas etc., get heated up, and water evaporates in the air, forming water vapours.

Transpiration- Like evaporation, the plants and trees also lose water from them which goes to the atmosphere. This process is called transpiration.

Condensation- As the water evaporates, it starts to become cool because of the cold atmosphere in the air and because of this cooling down of water leads to the formation of clouds.

Precipitation- Because of the high movements of the wings, the clouds start to collide and then fall back to the earth’s surface in the form of rain. Sometimes they also fall back in the form of snow, hail, sleet etc., depending upon the temperature.

Runoff or Infiltration- After precipitation, the water either flows to the water bodies called runoff or is absorbed into the soil, called infiltration.

Causes of Water Pollution

There are many reasons for water pollution. Some of the reasons are directly affected by water pollution and some indirectly. Many factories and industries are dumping contaminated water, chemicals, and heavy metals into major waterways as a result of direct water pollution.

One more reason for water pollution is the use of modern techniques in farms. Farmers apply nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium in the form of chemical fertilizers, manure, and sludge. It causes farms to discharge large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, and saline drainage into water bodies. It indirectly affects water pollution.

Pollutants can be of various types such as organic, inorganic, radioactive etc. Water pollutants are discharged either from one point from pipes, channels etc., which are called point sources or from various other sources. They can be agricultural areas, industries etc., called dispersed sources.

Some of the major forms of water pollutants are as follows:

Sewage- Domestic sewage from homes contains various forms of pathogens that threaten the human body. Sewage treatment reduces the risk of pathogens, but this risk is not eliminated.

Domestic sewage majorly contains nitrates and phosphates, and excess of these substances allows the algae to grow on the surface of water bodies. Due to this, the clean water bodies become nutrient-rich water body and then slowly, the oxygen level of water bodies reduces. This is called eutrophication or cultural eutrophication (if this step rapidly takes place by the activities of humans). This leads to the early death of water bodies.

Toxins- The industrial or factory wastes that are not disposed of properly and contain chemicals such as mercury and lead are disposed of in the water bodies making the bodies toxic, radioactive, explosive and cancerous.

Sediments- Sediments are the result of soil erosion that is formed in the water bodies. These sediments imbalances the water bodies ecologically. They also interfere in the reproductive cycle of various aquatic animals living in the water.

Thermal pollution- Water bodies get polluted because of heat, and excess heat reduces the oxygen level of the water bodies. Some of the species of fish cannot live in such water bodies with very low oxygen levels. The disposal of cold waters from the power plants leads to increased thermal pollution in the water bodies.

Petroleum oil pollution- The runoff of oil into the water bodies, either accidentally as happened in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, or intentionally, leads to an increase in water pollution.

As water is an important element of human health, polluted water directly affects the human body. Water pollution causes various diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, cancer, etc. Water pollution damages the plants and aquatic animals present in the river by reducing the oxygen content from the water. Polluted water washes the essential nutrients which plants need out of the soil and also leaves large amounts of aluminium in the soil, which can be harmful to plants.

Wastewater and sewage are a by-product of daily life and thus produced by each household through various activities like using soap, toilets, and detergents. Such sewage contains chemicals and bacteria which are harmful to human life and environmental health. Water pollution also leads to an imbalance in our ecosystem. Lastly, it also affects the food chain as the toxins in the water bodies are consumed by aquatic animals like fish, crabs etc., and then humans consume those animals forming turmoil.

Sometimes our tradition also becomes a cause for water pollution. Some people throw the statues of deities, flowers, pots, and ashes in rivers.

There are various standards to define water quality standards. Water meant for swimming may not be clean enough for drinking, or water meant for bathing may not be good for cooking. Therefore, there are different water standards for defined:

Stream standards- Standards that define streams, lakes, oceans or seas based on their maximum use.

Effluent standards- Define the specific standards for the level of contaminants or effluents allowed during the final discharge of those into the water bodies.

Drinking water standards- Define the level of contamination allowed in water that will be supplied for drinking or cooking in the domestic areas.

Different countries regulate their water quality standards through different acts and amendments.

While many of the solutions for water pollution need to be applied on a broader macro-level for that individual, companies, and communities can have a significant and responsible impact on the water quality. Companies, factories have to dispose of leftover chemicals and containers properly as per the product instructions. Farmers also have to reduce the use of nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers, pesticides, and contamination of groundwater.

The Swachh Bharat Mission of the government had led to reduced groundwater contamination. Under the Namami Ganga program, the government has initiated several major projects to clean Ganga. Along with all these steps, conservation of water is the very basic and important step towards water conservation and should be followed globally, treatment of sewage before their disposal in the water bodies and using environment-friendly products that do not form toxins when dissolved in water. These are some small steps that have to be taken into consideration by every human being.

As we all know, “Water is life’s matter and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water.” We have to save water. We must keep the water clean. If everyone will follow their responsibility against water to protect it from getting polluted then it will be easy to get clean and healthy drinking water. Clean water is a must for us and our kids' present, future, and healthy environment.

We cannot just live with contaminated waters filled with toxins and no oxygen. We cannot see our wildlife being destroyed and therefore, immediate steps have to be taken by groups of people to first clean the already contaminated water bodies and then keep a check on all the surrounding water bodies. Small steps by every individual can make a huge difference in controlling water pollution.

Water Pollution Prevention

Conserve Water

Our first priority should be to conserve water. Water wasting could be a big problem for the entire world, but we are just now becoming aware of it.

Sewage Treatment

Cleaning up waste materials before disposing of them in waterways reduces pollution on a large scale. By lowering its dangerous elements, this wastewater will be used in other sectors or in agriculture.

Usage of Eco-Friendly Materials

We will reduce the amount of pollution produced by choosing soluble products that do not alter to become pollutants.

Water contamination is the discharge of pollutants into the water body, where they dissolve, are suspended, are deposited on the bottom, and collect to the point where they hinder the aquatic ecosystem's ability to function. Water contamination is brought on by toxic compounds that easily dissolve and combine with it and come from factories, municipalities, and farms.

Healthy ecosystems depend on a complex network of organisms, including animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi, all of which interact with one another either directly or indirectly. In this article, we read about water pollution, its causes and prevention. With this, we have come to the end of our article, in case of any other doubts, feel free to ask in the comments.

FAQs on Water Pollution Essay

1. What are the effects of water pollution?

Water pollution has a great impact on human health. Water pollution kills. It's been recorded that in 2015 nearly 1.8 million people died because of water pollution. People with low income are exposed to contaminated water coming out from the industries. Presence of disease causing pathogens in drinking water are the major cause of illness which includes cholera, giardia, and typhoid. Water pollution not only affects human health but also our environment by causing algal bloom in a lake or marine environment. Water pollution also causes eutrophication which suffocates plants and animals and thus causes dead zones. Chemicals and heavy metals from industrial and municipal wastewater contaminate waterways and harm aquatic life.

2. What are the causes of Water pollution?

Water being a universal solvent is vulnerable to pollution as it dissolves more substances than any other liquid on earth. Therefore, water is easily polluted. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into water and mix with it, resulting in water pollution. Agricultural pollution is one of the major causes of contamination in rivers and streams. The use of excessive fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste from farms and livestock operations lets the rain wash the nutrients and pathogens—such as bacteria and viruses—into our waterways. The other major cause of water pollution is used water, termed as wastewater which comes from our sinks, showers, toilets and from commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities. It's been reported that the world's 80% wastewater flows back into the environment without being treated or reused. Oil spills and radioactive waste also cause water pollution to a great extent.

3. How to prevent water pollution?

It is important to keep our water bodies clean so we can take the following preventive measures to prevent from water pollution:

Chemicals like bleach, paint, paint thinner, ammonia, and many chemicals are becoming a serious problem. Dumping toxic chemicals down the drain or flushing them down the toilet can cause water pollution. Thus, proper disposal is important. Also, household chemicals need to be recycled.

Avoid buying products that contain persistent and dangerous chemicals. Buying non-toxic cleaners and biodegradable cleaners and pesticides cut down on water pollution.

Prevent from pouring fats or greasy substances down the drain as it might clog the drain resulting in the dumping of waste into yards or basement which can contaminate the local water bodies.

4. What is the role of medical institutions in polluting the water?

Pharmaceutical pollution affects aquatic life and thus there is a need to take preventive measures. Consumers are responsible for winding up pharmaceutical and personal care products in lakes, rivers, and streams. There's a lot of unused and expired medication that can potentially get into the water if not disposed of properly.

5. What are the major kinds of pollution?

The three main types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution or soil pollution. Some artificial pollution is also there, such as noise pollution. Factors leading to such pollution include:

Air Pollution: Industrial emissions, fires, traffic and transportation, burning of chemical waste, etc.

Water Pollution: No proper sewage disposal, pesticides in farms leaking into water bodies, industrial waste dumped into water bodies, etc.

Soil Pollution: Oil spills, acid rains, irresponsible disposal of trash, chemical waste, etc.

Noise Pollution: Honking of horns, construction activities, loud parties, etc.

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Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control Measures

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Water is well known for its enormous uses to the human kind and along with humans it is also serving the technological sectors for the development of the world. The major contributors to water contamination are industries which leave the untreated waste like heavy, toxic metals into the water bodies and hence the government issued some norms which are to be followed by every factory before they release their waste into the running water. Increasing water exploitation has its major impacts on social, biological, financial, political and environmental grounds. Developing nations have a general tendency of mistreating water in the agricultural, construction purposes along with the industrial uses. Also, the available ground water level is severely depleting due to overuse in irrigation. The worse situation of the year is in summers where due to extreme heat there is a large dependence on clear water but it isn’t available at the time of need [1]. As the water pollution tends to take it...

IJSES Editor

The study aims at systematic literature review on sources of water pollution, causes of water pollution, categories of water pollution and its mitigating control measures. Twenty eight (28) related articles were employed for the study. The scholar's contributions were viewed under water pollution contextual definitions, sources of water pollution consider, classification and categories of water pollution were assessed, causes of water pollution scholarly contributions were evaluated and mitigating control measures as stated by scholars were also highlighted in this studies. Additionally, twenty eight (28) journals employed for the studies uncover the statistical distributions as; control of water pollution is more popular among the scholars who constitute 36%, categories of water pollution with 25%, causes of water pollution as contributed by scholars 21%, sources of water pollution are least popular among the scholars with 18%. This shows water pollution experts globally are more concerned with its control measures rather than sources, causes and categories of water pollution. Furthermore, the articles employed for the study uncover that, articles that dwells on global perspective are more than those whose work are solely on Asian countries, Europe/US as well as African continents. This depicts that water pollution experts are distributed across the globe. The study recommends human behavior approach and techniques in controlling water pollution especially in developing world should be implemented. Solid waste from households, industries and agricultural products should be properly controlled through proper campaign with the aid of public lecture, billboards to convey messages, visual broadcasting and audio broadcasting and with the aid and support of pamphlets. Sewage from both households & industries should be properly monitored by government by enacting policies for the industrialists to treat effluents before discharging in to water bodies. This could be achieved through organizing environmentally friendly conference, workshops, seminars and it should be organize periodically so as to create avenue for sharing new ideas and methodologies interchanged by the experts.

Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World

Adejumoke Inyinbor

HUSEIN ELKESHREU

Handbook of Research on Advancements in Environmental Engineering

dr.amita jaiswal

International journal of health sciences

deependra pathak

Water is the mass important component in the atmosphere since, on the one hand, it is necessary for the endurance of all forms of life, and on at the same time, it aids in the development, course, and cycling of nutritive in the ecosystem. 97% of this earth’s water is found in the sea and since sea water is pungent, it isn't exactly accessible to the plants also, creatures living ashore and consequently misses the mark on capacity to utilize salt water. 2% of aggregate supply of water is preserved as frosty. Antartica and Greenland are both covered in ice. This is new water is available, but it cannot be used. 1% of earth’s water is found ashore as by the same token ground water or surface water. Reality of the situation is that people approach just half percent of all of the earth’s water, an extremely upsetting figure, to remind individuals that water is a restricted asset. Wellbeing and climate are turning into a genuine concern as they influence one another and the complete ...

Similade A Adeodun

Water is a unique substance, because it can naturally renew and cleanse itself, by allowing pollutants to settle out (through the process of sedimentation) or break down, or by diluting the pollutants to a point where they are not in harmful concentrations. However, this natural process takes time, and is difficult when excessive quantities of harmful contaminants are added to the water. Meanwhile humans are using more and more materials that are polluting the water sources that we drink from through various anthropogenic activities. Rate of pollution is excessively greater than the natural rate at which water renews and cleans itself, and this is a major environmental problem. Therefore it is expedient to know the causes and effects of water pollution and thereafter proffer a sustainable solution the environmental menace.

Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018

Dr veerendra sahu

Water is considered as the most essential source of life and important part of our natural resources. Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and lack of awareness among people to consider water as a crucial commodity, around 80% of the world population is now facing water supply and security threat. In fact, about 2% of planet water is fresh and only 0.036% of water is accessible for use, rest 1.96% is present in polar ice caps, underground wells and aquifers. Furthermore, freshwater resources are progressively becoming unavailable due to huge amount of pollution in drinking water sources and also due to ignorance by human or industries and government authorities. The increasing water contamination by discharging untreated effluent is major problem faced by humanity worldwide. For this, government authorities and other organizations concerned about water conservation , awareness among people, strict laws about water security, sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment technology to overcome water pollution and water shortage problem for humans and biodiversity.

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Water Pollution and its Control – Sources, Effects and Control Measures

Table of Contents

What is water pollution?

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers) by substances that are harmful to living organisms.

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Pollution can be caused by many different sources, including:

-Agricultural runoff (fertilizers, pesticides, animal waste) -Mining and manufacturing activities -Sewage discharge -Oil spills -Urban runoff (car exhaust, chemicals from sidewalks and roads)

Sources of Water Pollution

There are many sources of water pollution. Some of the most common sources include:

1. Sewage 2. Agricultural runoff 3. Industrial pollutants 4. Mining activities 5. Urban runoff 6. Litter and debris 7. Boat and ship traffic 8. Aquaculture

Water Pollution: A Modern Epidemic

Water pollution is a major global problem that affects people and the environment in many different ways. Contamination of water sources can have serious health impacts, making it difficult or impossible for people to access safe drinking water. Water pollution can also damage ecosystems, making it difficult for plants and animals to thrive in affected areas. In addition, polluted water can cause significant economic losses, as it can contaminate agricultural land and disrupt the fishing industry.

There are many sources of water pollution, and they can be grouped into two categories: point sources and nonpoint sources. Point sources are discrete sources of pollution, such as factories or wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint sources are diffuse sources of pollution, such as agricultural runoff or stormwater.

Some of the most common pollutants in water include:

• Chemicals: Many chemicals found in everyday products, such as cleaners and pesticides, can end up in water sources. These chemicals can be harmful to human health and the environment.

• Bacteria and viruses: Pathogens can contaminate water sources and cause serious health problems.

• Sediment: Soil and other debris can be washed into water bodies, making them cloudy and difficult to navigate.

• Nutrients: Excess nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, can cause algal blooms and other water quality problems.

• Toxic metals: Heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, can be toxic to both humans and the environment.

Effects of Water Pollution

Water pollution has a number of serious effects on the environment and human health.

One of the most serious effects of water pollution is that it can kill aquatic life. Polluted water can contain toxins and heavy metals that can be deadly to fish, amphibians, and other aquatic creatures.

Water pollution can also damage ecosystems. Polluted water can kill off algae and other plants that form the base of many aquatic food chains. This can upset the balance of these ecosystems, and lead to the decline or even extinction of some species.

Water pollution can also cause serious health problems for people. Polluted water can contain harmful bacteria, viruses, and other toxins that can cause illnesses such as diarrhea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal problems.

Minamata Incident

The Minamata Incident is a name given to a neurological disease which was first identified in Minamata Bay, Japan in 1956. It is caused by severe mercury poisoning and it affects the brain, nervous system, and kidneys. Symptoms include loss of coordination, slurred speech, deafness, and blindness. In severe cases, patients may experience seizures, coma, and death. The disease is believed to be caused by eating fish and shellfish that have been contaminated with mercury from industrial wastewater. The Minamata Incident is the most severe case of mercury poisoning in history and it has resulted in the deaths of thousands of people.

Pollution of The Ganges

The Ganges River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. The main sources of pollution in the Ganges River are sewage and industrial waste. Sewage contains human waste, agricultural runoff, and industrial chemicals. Industrial waste contains pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and chemical pollutants.

The high levels of pollution in the Ganges River have caused serious health and environmental problems. The high levels of sewage and industrial waste in the river have resulted in the spread of water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis. The pollutants in the river have also killed large numbers of fish and other aquatic life. The pollution has also caused the degradation of the river’s ecosystem.

Control Measures of Water Pollution

There are a variety of control measures that can be used to prevent or reduce water pollution. Some of these measures include:

-Restricting or prohibiting the discharge of pollutants into water bodies

-Regulating the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment

-Imposing fines or penalties for polluting

-Educating the public about the importance of protecting water bodies

-Developing wastewater treatment plants to remove pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into waterways

-Creating buffer zones around water bodies to protect them from pollutants

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Essay on Water Pollution : Causes, Effects & Solutions

February 2, 2021 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment

Water is one of the most important factors essential for sustaining life. Every organism, no matter how big or small, requires water to live.

You must’ve noticed that water quality has undergone a sea change over the years. The water has gotten harder and harder.

The color of water in rivers and lakes has significantly changed. The crystal clear surface on water bodies was a thing of the past and we no longer get to see a picturesque image of a clean and perfect water body anymore.

The tap water we receive can no longer be used for drinking, and we are forced to buy separate drinking water, install water purifying devices in our homes.

Have you wondered why we are forced to go in for such applications at our homes. There is no answer for water scarcity in big cities today and people are forced to live with the bitter truth.

Table of Contents

What is water pollution?

Water pollution is nothing but contamination of water bodies with chemicals, toxins and effluents let out from industrial establishments and factories.

These toxins contain harmful concentrations of lead, Sulphur, heavy metals and detergents in them.

Not just that, water bodies are mixed with sewage water and one can imagine the extent of dirt and filth that is contained in the waters of river bodies, thus making them highly polluted.

Pollution is tainting or forcefully mixing harmful and toxic substances into environment. These substances that endanger the consistency and integrity of the environment are called Pollutants.

Pollutants have been ever rampant since man entered the industrial ages.

The environment has been enduring the abuse we afflicted on it since ages. Industries, factories, etc. contribute to pollution on a large scale.

The daily activities that we perform, also pollute the earth due to inefficiency of the methods we use. Alarming quantities of pollutants are being produced and released.

Causes of water pollution

Speaking about water, most of the industries and factories have leftover chemical effluents. They release these residual products into primary water sources like rivers streams, lakes, fresh water tanks etc.

These residues may be a mixture of a myriad of chemically toxic substances.

The microbes present in the natural sources of water have the ability to purify the water to some extent. But the problem arises when we dump more Pollutants before the current batch of water is purified.

Purified, in this context, means oxidizing the water.

Microbes present in water have the natural ability to oxidize it. But constant human intended interference has almost nullified that ability.

In short, pollutants just overtake the good microbial activity and instead cause damage to water sources by inducing them with filth and dirt.

The activities of the microbes in cleaning up the water reduce to a low minimum or may not take place at all. Waste water from domestic sources is also often dumped into rivers. This pollutes the entire source.

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Effects of water pollution

Water pollution affects us on a daily basis. The cases of water borne disease are on the rise. Since water is one of the building blocks of life, we have but no choice to consume the same water in adequacy.

The dangers of polluted water increases when people unknowingly use polluted water for daily purposes.

This mostly occurs in rural areas, where rivers are a prime source of water.

Factories set up near river bodies may be releasing effluents and people downstream maybe using the same water for drinking purposes and for other daily activities.

It is common knowledge that 70 percent of the earth is covered by water. But not all of this water can be used for drinking and household purposes.

Only a small percentage is fresh water, and most of the other share in the percentage finds itself frozen at the Poles.

The advent of pollution has further reduced the potable water resources. Water available today is way more polluted than it was ages ago.

Our quality of life is greatly affected by this. Use of polluted water causes diseases and ailments. It can be directly linked to the receding length of our lifespan.

Solutions for water pollution

Humans have realized that they have greatly affected the environment in a bad way. Everywhere, efforts are being made to conserve water.

Water treatment plants are setup everywhere. Every waste disposal station has a water treatment department, so that all the chemical and other harmful substances can be removed from water before it is let into the main source.

This has been pivotal in controlling pollution of water. Rules and regulations have been made stringent for factories and industries, regarding their effluent emission, both through the air and through water.

Domestic waste disposal techniques have been improved and proper steps taken in the right direction.

It is entirely up to us, what we decide to do, with our water sources. Global warming is becoming an ever gaping issue and a worldwide concern. There’s always fear of the rains being more infrequent and unseasonal.

What on earth do we do without adequate water. The hardships we’d have to face to obtain enough water for sustaining looks so terrible if we were to quest for a suitable answer.

The everyday tasks that we do would become incredibly difficult. We need to take measures ourselves, to save water and keep it from being polluted.

We must start conserving water in our homes. Only then will the next generation have even the slightest hope for a well-rounded future.

Water pollution is actually a two-fold issue raising global concerns today.

The first issue, the most common one as we know is of the contamination of water by toxins and measures to reduce the contamination and improve the quality of water.

The second one is more serious and pertains to the availability of potable water on earth after some years, putting a question mark on the survival of life on earth itself.

We talk about beautifying our lakes, restoring the cleanliness of our water bodies, removing their contaminants and making them toxic free.

Yes, this is definitely required at the moment and there have been measures taken in the right direction to make our rivers clean and clear.

Specific installations of dust collector and dirt remover equipment’s in river basins have been employed to collect waste material from river surfaces.

This is primarily to remove hard traces of waste or what we can call as visible wastes. This also takes removes unnecessary growth of phytoplankton in rivers, thus letting the river waters breathe at ease.

Regarding toxin removal from river waters, purification using reverse osmosis methods, chemical filtration methods and other treatments using distillation methods are employed to make them free from chemical residues.

Much other advancement have been achieved and successfully employed in the river basins of our country to restore the natural beauty of lakes and rivers.

The best example of river water cleaning in our country is the cleanliness drive carried out at river Ganga in the holy city of Varanasi.

The government of India took it up as a big challenge to clean the river waters at the region and was successful in achieving its mission.

It is only with citizen co-operation and participation that any reformative measures taken by the governments will prove fruitful and worthy of action.

We blame successive governments for not cleaning up our river beds, for not providing us clean drinking water, for not beautifying our lakes etc.

In the melee, we forget our own responsibilities of acting with care and concern.

If we visit rural areas and spot women washing their clothes, utensils and cattle in river waters, it is our duty to educate them and spread awareness about their wrong acts.

We ought to tell them that they aren’t supposed to pollute the river water.

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Water Pollution and its Control – Definition, Types, Causes, Effects

Water Pollution is considered one of the most dangerous forms of pollution as water is the basis of all the forms of life on earth. Most of the deadly forms of water contamination are caused by man-made activities that result in death and diseases of many organisms.

It is very important to understand how water is polluted and then devise strategies for water pollution control. In this article, we will read about water pollution and its control, effects, and diseases due to water pollution.

Table of Content

What is Water Pollution?

Sources of water pollution, types of water pollution, groundwater pollution, surface water pollution, chemical pollution, microbial pollution, nutrient pollution, oxygen depletion pollution, suspended matter water pollution, point and non-point source contaminants, effects of water pollution, diseases of water pollution, control measures of water pollution, water treatments methods, minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, utilization of less water, keeping water checks for lead contamination, avoid polluting open-air water sources, use environmentally friendly products, chemical methods, new technologies to prevent water pollution, bioremediation, phytoremediation, riparian buffers, effective strategies for controlling water pollution, introduction to water pollution control, industrial wastewater treatment, agricultural runoff management, urban runoff reduction, enhancing water legislation and policies, public education and community involvement, essential health tips for environmental protection, stay hydrated, maintain indoor air quality, choose anti-pollution skincare, exercise indoors on high pollution days, follow a diet rich in antioxidants, use protective gear, regular medical check-ups.

Water pollution is defined as the contamination of water bodies by water pollutants. This makes the water unfit for drinking, cooking, washing, bathing, and other essential activities. Water pollutants or contaminants include chemicals, microorganisms, plastic, parasites, etc. All types of pollution in the environment gradually take their route to water in one way or another causing water pollution.

Water contamination is responsible for the devastating effects on aquatic life as well as terrestrial life and can contain harmful disease-causing elements such as bacteria and viruses. Toxic waste dumped into water bodies increase water pollution level, gradually kill animals and plant life, destroy biodiversity , and decrease the quality of oxygen in the water, leading to the death of living organisms.

Human activities and their wastage account for the major cause of water pollution. Some of the sources of water pollutants are as follows:

Industrial Activities: Industries discharge huge amounts of harmful chemicals like lead, mercury, and petroleum products.
Sewage Disposal: Sewage discharged into the water bodies causes water contamination as well increase in loads of disease-causing microorganisms .
Mining: Mining releases dust and different forms of chemical contaminants that can cause significant lake and stream contamination
Marine waste: Waste produced by communities living in coastal areas along with ships that sail in seas, and oceans contributes to the pollution of marine bodies.
Horticultural Activities: The fertilizers and pesticides runoff into the water bodies causing eutrophication and degradation of water bodies in a very short amount of time.
Radioactive Wastes: All the radioactive materials that are utilized for nuclear tests or as an energy source are generally dumped into water bodies or into glaciers that will promptly mix in with water bodies when the temperature elevates.

Different types of water pollution are:

When it rains, some amount of water seeps through the pores of the earth and fills the crevices, cracks, and pores and become groundwater. This groundwater is the main source of freshwater for the majority of the population. But when water pollutants from industrial activities, agricultural activities, sewage discharge, urban runoff, landfills, etc seeps through the soil to contaminate the water body, it makes the water polluted and unsafe for utilization.

Removal of contamination from groundwater becomes very hard, challenging, and expensive making the process slow and the water source unusable for many years. Polluted water contaminate other sources of water like streams, lakes, and oceans.

This type of pollution occurs above ground in water bodies such as oceans, lakes and rivers. Excessive use of fertilizer that adds nitrates and phosphates, is one of the main sources of surface water pollution in these freshwater bodies along with industrial, and rural wastes. It is estimated that currently almost 50% of river systems and 33% of lakes have become unsuitable for any form of use.

Chemical contamination of water occurs when harmful substances, like pesticide run-offs, oil spills, and heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, etc., contaminate water sources. When these pollutants get into the water, they can harm aquatic life by disrupting ecosystems and affecting the health of plants and animals. Control measures to reduce chemical pollution of water involves minimizing the use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and proper waste disposal.

Microbial pollution of water is usually a natural form of water pollution which is caused by microorganisms. Different types of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa live in water and cause health problems in fish, animals and humans. Microbes can enter water bodies through various sources, including untreated sewage, animal waste, and runoff from agricultural areas. When water becomes contaminated with these microorganisms, it can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases.

It is a type of water contamination that arises when too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus , enter water bodies. They act as fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae or algal bloom. The source of many nutrients are man-made including – fertilizers, wastewater, automobile exhaust, and animal waste. The algal bloom block out sunlight and inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

It is a decrease in concentration of dissolved oxygen in a waterbody due to increased uptake of oxygen by bacteria, fungi, and algae. The sewage disposal is rich in organic matter that encourages growth of microbes. They consume oxygen thereby reducing the content for other aerobic species, resulting in their death.

Waste such as plastics, rubber that are improperly disposed of and cannot be broken down easily, reach water bodies and settle there for a long time. Since they are difficult to dissolve water molecules, they float around on the surface blocking the sunlight and oxygen from penetrating below. Major source of primary particles are industrial processes, power plants, domestic burning (wood, coal etc.), and construction dust.

A point source is when the contaminants of water pollution originate from a single source like wastewater from factories, oil refineries, chemical spills, oil spills, septic system, urban dumping points, etc. Non-point source is when the contaminants of water pollution originate from multiple sources like agricultural runoff, rainwater runoff, wastes blown into water bodies from land areas.

Some of the most common effects of water pollution are;

Water pollution causes disruption of food chain . Heavy metals like Cadmium and lead are toxic and upon entering food chain through animals, continue travelling higher levels causing severe illness or death.
Eutrophication of water bodies degrades the quality of water for aquatic organisms as well as other organisms that use that source of water for survival.
Human health is affected by the degraded quality of water. It causes many diseases mainly diarrhoea, skin diseases, typhoid, cholera.
The water cycle that maintains the environmental conditions of the planet gets disturbed.
The major contributor to global warming .
Effect on groundwater system causing a shortage of drinking and other essential purposes of water.
Spread of many types of transmissible and non-transmissible diseases like hepatitis, typhoid , arsenic poisoning, cancer, etc.
Biomagnification and accumulation of different types of chemical substances in the bodies of different organisms.
Loss of many forms of life.

Water pollutants can cause infections or act as toxins. Microorganisms from untreated sewage disposal can easily enter the drinking water supplies and causes diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio . Harmful bacteria like Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp., hepatitis virus, etc. can survive within the chemicals in the water system, and when used for drinking, can make people sick, leading to harmful side effects.

Water contamination can be controlled in many ways and methods by taking proper actions and introducing new technologies.

We must avoid dumping waste into water bodies. Water treatment plants should be used for sewage water and effluent removal plants for effluent removal. Industrial wastes should have a different dumping site or they should be properly treated before releasing into water bodies.

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides must be banned and instead organic or eco-friendly fertilizers should be used. The better option is to switch to organic farming methods and use animal-based manure . These will keep the harmful chemicals away from water bodies.

We must save water as much as possible as only about 1% of the earth’s total water is available for the use of most aquatic and terrestrial organisms. It can be easily achieved by installing water-saving equipment like sinks, toilets, and showers. In our daily lives, we can help save water by taking short baths, and not keeping the tap running during brushing, shaving, etc.

When water pipelines made of lead or containing lead bring water into homes can cause lead poisoning resulting in severe health problems. So, it is required to do regular checks to determine if any lead is present in the water, and if found then either the pipeline can be changed or a lead filter should be installed.

Littering of water bodies and their surroundings, oil spills, chemical disposal, dumping of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. should be avoided. So, it is required to stop littering wastes near the water sources or around them to avoid seeping the wastes into the water sources.

Water contamination can be reduced by using more and more organic, natural, and environmentally friendly products domestically as well as commercially. The fundamentals of reduction, reuse, and recycling will also go a long way to overcoming the impacts of water pollution.

Chemical processes such as precipitation, reverse osmosis , and coagulation, and ion exchange method will help to reduce the level of water pollution. Use chlorine for disinfection, add lime to adjust pH, and use bleaching powder and alum for arsenic removal.

With advancing technologies, scientists have found new technologies which can be used to prevent water pollution:

The utilization of microorganisms to debase the natural contamination into a less poisonous form is called bioremediation . Microorganisms can be explicitly intended for bioremediation utilizing genetic engineering technologies.

It is the utilization of plants to eliminate impurities from soil and water. Normal phytoremediation is completed by mangroves, estuarine vegetation, and other wetland vegetation.

A riparian buffer is a vegetated region, a buffer strip close to a stream, typically forested, which helps as shade and acts as a shield to the stream from the effect of neighboring area uses.

Water pollution poses significant risks to both environmental health and human well-being. Addressing this pressing issue requires comprehensive strategies involving advanced technology, community action, and stringent regulatory measures. Ensuring effective water pollution control enhances water quality and ecosystem health.

Industries are major contributors to water pollution. Implementing advanced industrial wastewater treatment solutions such as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and biological treatment can significantly reduce pollutants in wastewater before discharge into natural water bodies. This critical step helps in reducing industrial water pollution .

Pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural lands can severely affect water quality. By integrating sustainable farming practices such as precision farming, the use of organic fertilizers, and contour plowing, farmers can control agricultural runoff effectively. These sustainable farming practices help minimize runoff and its detrimental impacts on nearby water sources.

Urban areas contribute to water pollution through runoff that carries pollutants from roads, roofs, and other surfaces. Implementing green infrastructure solutions like rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs can effectively absorb and filter runoff, preventing it from polluting water bodies. These measures are crucial in urban runoff management and promoting green infrastructure for stormwater control.

Robust legal frameworks and consistent enforcement of water pollution laws are essential for sustainable water management. Governments can enhance water pollution laws by setting stringent water quality standards and ensuring compliance through regular monitoring and penalties for violations. This firm legal foundation supports the enforcement of water quality standards .

Educating the public about the sources and effects of water pollution and promoting community involvement in water conservation efforts can lead to significant improvements in local water quality. Initiatives like community clean-up days and educational campaigns raise awareness and encourage proactive protection of water resources, crucial for public education on water pollution and fostering community water conservation .

Drinking plenty of water is crucial, especially in areas with high pollution levels. Staying hydrated helps your body naturally flush out toxins. Aim for at least 8-10 glasses of water a day to support detoxification processes, ensuring you reap the benefits of staying hydrated .

Ensure that your living space has clean air, which is vital for good health. Use home air purifiers , especially those with HEPA filters, to remove pollutants from indoor air. Regularly ventilating your home by opening windows and using exhaust fans also helps improve indoor air quality .

Protect your skin from the damaging effects of pollution with anti-pollution skincare products . These products can provide a barrier against environmental pollutants and free radicals that contribute to skin aging and irritation, effectively protecting skin from pollution .

When the air quality is poor, opt for indoor workouts to avoid exposure to harmful pollutants. Indoor exercise benefits include preventing the inhalation of pollutants that can exacerbate respiratory issues or lead to other health problems, making it a safer option during high pollution days .

Consuming foods high in antioxidants can help counteract the effects of pollution on your body. Include plenty of fruits and vegetables like berries, nuts, and greens in your diet. These foods help strengthen your immune system against the oxidative stress caused by pollutants, fulfilling a diet that’s rich in antioxidants and ideal for fighting pollution .

Wear masks, especially N95 respirators, when you’re outdoors on days with high pollution levels. These masks can filter out most of the harmful particulates from the air you breathe, serving as essential protective gear for pollution .

Regular check-ups can help detect and mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollutants. Monitoring your health can guide necessary adjustments to your lifestyle or treatments to address any issues early on, highlighting the importance of regular health check-ups .

Conclusion: Water Pollution

It is estimated that around 6 billion kilograms of waste materials are dumped in the water bodies every year, especially in oceans. Water bodies are mainly contaminated by toxic chemicals, industrial effluents, untreated sewage, domestic wastes, bottles, tin cans, plastic bags, etc. resulting in severe water pollution that affects not only human health but also other organisms and the whole ecosystem.

Also Read: Difference Between Air and Water Pollution Types of Pollution

Water Pollution – FAQs

What are the main causes of water pollution.

Water pollution primarily results from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, untreated sewage, and pollutants from urban runoff. These sources introduce harmful substances into water bodies, adversely affecting water quality and ecosystem health.

What are the Major Effects of Water Pollution on the Environment?

Water pollution can lead to the destruction of aquatic ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and the disruption of natural aquatic processes. Polluted water can harm aquatic life forms by depleting oxygen levels and introducing toxic substances that accumulate in the food chain.

How Can Water Pollution Be Controlled?

Controlling water pollution involves several strategies including treating industrial wastewater before discharge, managing agricultural runoff through sustainable practices, restoring wetlands to filter pollutants, and enforcing strict regulations on pollutant discharge into water bodies.

What are the Health Risks Associated with Water Pollution?

Water pollution poses significant health risks including waterborne diseases such as cholera and hepatitis, chemical poisoning from contaminated water, and long-term health issues like cancer from exposure to toxins. Ensuring water quality through regular monitoring and treatment is essential to mitigate these risks.

How Can Individuals Help Reduce Water Pollution?

Individuals can contribute to reducing water pollution by properly disposing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, using environmentally friendly detergents and pesticides, conserving water to reduce wastewater generation, and participating in community clean-up events to keep local waterways clean.

What are the 5 Sources of Water Pollution?

The 5 main sources of water pollution are – sewage disposal (waste water), industrial waste, synthetic soaps and detergents, agricultural activities (fertilisers, pesticides), and oil spillage.

What are the most common Effects of Water Pollution?

The most common effects of water pollution are; increased rates of water borne diseases, increased risk of respiratory infections, increased rates of digestive tract problems, increased rates of heart diseases, increased incidence of lungs cancer, etc.

Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water by addition of water pollutants and degradation of its quality making its less desirable and unsuitable for living system due to various reasons.

What are the 5 Ways to Stop Water Pollution.

Water pollution control can be done by effluent sewage treatment, minimizing the use of pesticide and fertilisers, reusing water, removal of non-biodegradable wastes, and use the minimum amount of detergent preferably phosphate free soaps and detergents.

What are the 7 Types of Water Pollution?

The 7 types of water pollution are – Chemical Pollution, Groundwater Pollution, Microbial Pollution, Nutrient Pollution, Oxygen-Depletion, Surface Water Pollution and Suspended Matter Pollution

Why Should we Control Water Pollution?

Water pollution should be controlled as water is the basis of all life forms present in earth. All living organisms including humans need continuous source of clean and usable form of water for their survival.

What is Sewage Treatment?

A type of wastewater treatment that aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the waterbodies is called sewage treatment.

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Essay on controlling water pollution (402 words).

Control of water pollution is the demand of the day. Cooperation of the common man, social organizations, national government and non-governmental organizations, is required for controlling water pollution through different curative measures. The government should also take suitable steps for controlling water pollution by framing laws and enforcing them strictly.

Hence, the following steps should be taken for controlling water pollution:

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1. Industrial and urban wastes should not be disposed of in water sources.

2. Ban may be imposed on mixing of pollutants in drinking water sources for which a boundary wall etc. may be erected around drinking water sources.

3. Domestic waste and sewage may be treated before flowing them directly in drinking water sources. Use of such treated water may be made for cooking vegetables, which may be grown on sewerage farms.

4. Bathing and washing should be banned near drinking water sources because detergents used in washing clothes pollute water. It is difficult to treat water mixed with detergents.

5. Bathing of animals near water sources should also be prohibited.

6. Use of treated filthy water should be made for irrigation because as compared to filthy water, it is more productive.

7. There are many creatures which purify water on the earth. Hence, they should be protected.

8. Chemicals and pesticides should be used in agriculture in a balanced quantity.

9. Control may be exercised on unnecessary weeds growing in water, because they affect the process of photosynthesis and pollute water.

10. Sanitary latrines may be arranged in urban areas, so that defecation in open areas is restricted.

11. People may be made aware about dangers created by water pollution so that they feel their responsibility and take steps in this direction.

12. Chlorine, potassium per-magnate and other bacteria preventing medicines may be inserted in drinking water sources from time to time so that they remain free from pollution

13. Dead bodies of humans as well as animals should not be flown in water.

The Government of India has constituted the Central Water Pollution Control Board under the Water Pollution Control and Prevention Act, 1974, which has given priority to the following facts:

1. Supervision may be kept on disposal of industrial effluents.

2. Survey may be done regarding pollution of water sources.

3. Cheap methods for treatment of polluted water may be developed.

4. Research may be done regarding environmental pollution.

5. Awareness may be generated regarding pollution.

Controlling Air Pollution: Measures to Control Air Pollution
Water Pollution: Essay on Water Pollution (3817 Words)

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Ielts essay # 1321 - water pollution has become an increasing problem, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, water pollution has become an increasing problem over the past few decades., what causes water pollution how can we prevent this problem.

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Water Pollution — Water Pollution: A Global Imperative for Health and Environment

Water Pollution: a Global Imperative for Health and Environment

Categories: Pollution Water Pollution

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Published: Mar 6, 2024

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Assessment of China’s EIA Law for the prevention and control of water pollution in interregional Lake Taihu

Original Paper
Published: 28 June 2024
Volume 17 , article number 221 , ( 2024 )

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Md. Ziaul Islam ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-0725 1

The detrimental effects of rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the discharge of domestic and agricultural waste are threatening the serene beauty of the Taihu Lake Basin (TLB). Recognizing the urgent need to preserve the lake and improve its water quality, both the central and provincial governments have implemented stringent and noteworthy laws and policies, including the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law in 2018, the amendment of the Environmental Protection Law (EPL) in 2015, and the introduction of the Environmental Protection Tax Law (EPTL) in 2018. This study uncovers some promising findings which indicate that despite a 17% increase in the non-agricultural population in the area since 2000, which is below the national average of 31%, there has been a noticeable rise in various contaminants in the TLB water, including total phosphorus (TP), potassium permanganate (CODMn), and total nitrogen (TN). Remarkably, this study reveals that despite the challenges posed by water pollution, the situation in the TLB is beyond control. Through enhanced monitoring, supervision, inter-departmental collaboration, and the streamlining of the EIA process, the pollution hazards can be addressed to restore the pristine state of the lake.

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The author is grateful to Professor Ke Jian, School of Law, Wuhan University, for his valuable comments and feedback to improve the manuscript. All errors and omissions relating to this article remain the author’s.

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Water and the Body: the Role of Hydration in Human Physiology and Space Exploration

This essay examines the significance of water in the human body, noting that it constitutes about 60% of an adult’s body weight, with variations based on age, sex, and body composition. It highlights water’s crucial roles in physiological processes such as nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and joint lubrication. The essay also explores the unique challenges of maintaining hydration in space, where microgravity affects fluid distribution, and the importance of efficient water management for long-duration missions. The discussion underscores the necessity of proper hydration for health and performance both on Earth and in space, emphasizing the critical role of water in sustaining human life.

How it works

The human body is a remarkable system, intricately designed to perform a myriad of functions necessary for survival and well-being. Central to its operation is water, a vital component that constitutes a significant portion of our body mass. On average, water makes up about 60% of an adult human’s body weight, though this percentage can fluctuate based on various factors such as age, sex, and body composition. Understanding the dynamics of body water content not only sheds light on our biological needs but also has fascinating implications when considering human endeavors such as space exploration.

In the earliest stages of life, human infants have a particularly high body water content, ranging from 75-80%. This high percentage is crucial for the rapid growth and development that characterize infancy. As humans age, the proportion of body water decreases. By adulthood, the average water content stabilizes around 60%, although men generally have a slightly higher percentage compared to women. Men typically have about 60-65% water in their bodies, whereas women have around 50-55%. This difference is largely due to the varying amounts of muscle and fat tissue between the sexes; muscle tissue is rich in water, while fat tissue contains much less.

Body composition significantly influences an individual’s water percentage. Muscle tissue is approximately 75% water, whereas adipose (fat) tissue is about 10%. Thus, individuals with higher muscle mass have a greater overall water percentage. This relationship is essential when considering hydration needs and overall health, as those with more muscle mass may require more water to maintain optimal physiological functions.

Water serves numerous critical functions within the human body. It acts as a solvent, facilitating the dissolution and transport of nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It is also essential for maintaining cellular structure and function, regulating body temperature through processes like sweating and respiration, and lubricating joints and tissues. Moreover, water is vital for cognitive function, physical performance, and preventing various health issues related to dehydration.

Proper hydration is essential for maintaining health and performance, whether on Earth or in space. Dehydration can impair cognitive function, reduce physical performance, and increase the risk of heat-related illnesses. Long-term dehydration can lead to more severe health issues, such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, understanding and meeting hydration needs is crucial for overall health.

Physical activity level, climate, and health status significantly influence hydration requirements. Individuals engaging in intense physical activity or living in hot climates need more water to compensate for increased fluid loss through sweat. Similarly, certain medical conditions, such as fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, can increase water loss and require higher fluid intake. Dietary choices also play a role in maintaining hydration, with water-rich foods like fruits and vegetables contributing significantly to daily fluid intake.

The concept of hydration takes on an entirely new dimension when considering human space exploration. Astronauts face unique challenges regarding fluid balance and hydration. In the microgravity environment of space, the distribution of fluids in the body changes. On Earth, gravity pulls bodily fluids downward, but in space, this gravitational pull is absent, causing fluids to redistribute evenly throughout the body. This shift can lead to a sensation of fluid retention in the upper body and head, often referred to as the “moon face.”

Maintaining proper hydration in space is critical for astronauts to perform their missions effectively. Dehydration can lead to impaired cognitive and physical performance, which can be particularly dangerous in the high-stakes environment of space missions. NASA and other space agencies carefully

monitor and manage the hydration status of astronauts to ensure their health and safety.

In space, the availability and consumption of water are managed meticulously. Water is not just consumed for hydration but is also crucial for various systems aboard spacecraft, including those responsible for generating oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide. The International Space Station (ISS), for example, employs a sophisticated water recycling system that recovers water from urine, sweat, and even the air’s humidity. This reclaimed water is purified to meet drinking standards, ensuring that astronauts have a reliable source of hydration during their missions.

Astronauts’ diet in space is also designed to support hydration. Space food includes a variety of items with different water contents, and astronauts are encouraged to consume water-rich foods and beverages. Given the absence of gravity, consuming fluids in space presents unique challenges. Liquids must be sipped from special containers to prevent them from floating away as free-floating droplets could potentially damage equipment or cause inhalation hazards.

The role of water in space extends beyond personal hydration to the broader context of mission planning and sustainability. Efficient water use and recycling are critical for long-duration missions, such as a potential journey to Mars. The sustainability of human life in space hinges on the ability to manage and conserve water resources effectively. This necessity drives ongoing research and innovation in water purification and recycling technologies, which have applications both in space and on Earth.

Water’s essential role in the human body and the challenges of maintaining proper hydration in space highlight the importance of understanding our hydration needs in various contexts. On Earth, maintaining adequate hydration supports cognitive function, physical performance, and overall health. Simple measures, such as drinking water regularly, consuming water-rich foods, and paying attention to hydration signals like thirst and urine color, can help individuals stay properly hydrated.

In space, the management of water is a complex and critical aspect of mission planning. The unique environment of space requires innovative solutions to ensure that astronauts remain hydrated and healthy. The lessons learned from space missions can also inform water management practices on Earth, particularly in regions facing water scarcity.

Ultimately, whether on Earth or in space, water remains a fundamental component of human health and well-being. By understanding and addressing our hydration needs, we can enhance our health, support our performance, and prepare for the challenges of future space exploration. The human body’s reliance on water underscores the importance of this precious resource and the need for sustainable management practices to ensure its availability for future generations.

In conclusion, the percentage of water in the human body is a crucial aspect of our physiology, impacting everything from cellular function to overall health. This understanding extends to the realm of space exploration, where managing hydration becomes a complex but essential task. By exploring the interplay between hydration and human health both on Earth and in space, we gain valuable insights that can enhance our well-being and support our aspirations for the future.

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Breathable cities: dynamic machine learning modelling approaches for advanced air pollution control.

1. Introduction

Proposing a novel hourly prediction model.
Testing multivariate input and output models that support the complexity of AQP.
Hybrid modeling methods (combining Markov and DNN).
Access and analysis for hourly regional data, with added value due to the increased accuracy of data results (particularly for Jordan data).
An AQI model was generated using fuzzy logic based on hourly data to produce better results and accuracy.
Extending research on transportation factors (pertaining to transportation emissions).
Addressing data refinement and model accuracy by generating a model to cover such challenges (such as missing data and reducing noise).
Proposing the best combination of models to cover complex gases that are currently creating challenges in prediction (such as PM).
A hybrid model considering static and dynamic variables for more accurate results.
AQI representation using fuzzy logic.

2. Related Work

2.1. ai and neural networks, 2.2. reviewed aqi systems, 2.3. systematic reviews, 3. materials and methods, 3.1. overview.

England: CO (µg/m 3 ), NO (µg/m 3 ), NO 2 (µg/m 3 ), NOx (µg/m 3 ), O 3 (µg/m 3 ), PM10 (µg/m 3 ), SO 2 (µg/m 3 ).
Jordan: PM10 (µg/m 3 ), NO 2 (ppb), CO (ppb), SO 2 (ppb).
Figure 1 shows pollutants’ concentration correlations.

3.3. Markov-Switching Dynamic Regression Model

3.3.1. autoregressive integrated moving average (arima).

Hour: the hour of the day (for 24 h)
Day: the day of the month
Month: the month of the year
Year: the year
Wind direction
Temperature

3.3.2. Random Walks

3.3.3. probability matrix, 3.3.4. discrete-time markov chain (dtmc), 3.3.5. state transitioning, 3.3.6. parameters, 3.4. input simulation, 3.5. outputs simulation, 3.6. multi-input multi-output hybrid deep neural network markov (dnnm) model, 3.6.1. overview.

Reduced data complexity processing by selecting the best ML methods to support air quality analysis.
Increased reliability and accurate modeling to predict air quality.
An effective AQI model for policy and regulation, supporting health and climate change issues.
Considering transportation/traffic factors.

3.6.2. Process

4.1. overview, 4.2. fuzzy logic for air quality prediction.

Data trained using fuzzy logic with data (raw data outputs with corresponding AQI).
Test data loaded in the fuzzy logic interface using (predicted data outputs with AQI value assigned).
Rules exported and then executed the model exported using output predicted from DNN–Markov (the same data used in the previous step but without the assigned AQI).
Number of nodes: 193
Number of linear parameters: 405
Number of nonlinear parameters: 24
Total number of parameters: 429
Number of training data pairs: 2627
Number of checking data pairs: 0
Number of fuzzy rules: 81
Number of nodes: 294
Number of linear parameters: 1024
Number of nonlinear parameters: 28
Total number of parameters: 1052
Number of training data pairs: 4382
Number of fuzzy rules: 128

4.3. Summary

5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Click here to enlarge figure

Type	London	Jordan
Air quality station (data capturing)	Marylebone Road	Greater Amman Municipality
Collection years	2014–2018	2016–2018
Data points	43,824	26,268
Frequency	Hourly	Hourly

England Data
numHiddenUnits	800
maxepochs	1000
miniBatchSize	900

Jordan Data
numHiddenUnits	300
maxepochs	500
miniBatchSize	256

Layer	Parameter
sequenceInputLayer	featureDimension
lstmLayer	numHiddenUnits
dropoutLayer	0.3
lstmLayer	numHiddenUnits
dropoutLayer	0.3
fullyConnectedLayer	numResponses
regressionLayer

Model	RMSE
DNN	53.371
Markov	11.134
Hybrid (DNN–Markov)	9.889

Model	RMSE
DNN	77.7665
Markov	15.662
Hybrid (DNN–Markov)	14.877

Model	RMSE
DNN	113.389
Markov	18.702
Hybrid (DNN–Markov)	15.277

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Share and Cite

Zayed, R.; Abbod, M. Breathable Cities: Dynamic Machine Learning Modelling Approaches for Advanced Air Pollution Control. Appl. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 5581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135581

Zayed R, Abbod M. Breathable Cities: Dynamic Machine Learning Modelling Approaches for Advanced Air Pollution Control. Applied Sciences . 2024; 14(13):5581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135581

Zayed, Roba, and Maysam Abbod. 2024. "Breathable Cities: Dynamic Machine Learning Modelling Approaches for Advanced Air Pollution Control" Applied Sciences 14, no. 13: 5581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135581

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Here’s What the Court’s Chevron Ruling Could Mean in Everyday Terms

The decision is expected to prompt a rush of litigation challenging regulations across the entire federal government, from food safety to the environment.

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Gray columns and a white flag on the front of a the Environmental Protection Agency building.

By Coral Davenport , Christina Jewett , Alan Rappeport , Margot Sanger-Katz , Noam Scheiber and Noah Weiland

June 28, 2024

The Supreme Court’s decision on Friday to limit the broad regulatory authority of federal agencies could lead to the elimination or weakening of thousands of rules on the environment, health care, worker protection, food and drug safety, telecommunications, the financial sector and more.

The decision is a major victory in a decades-long campaign by conservative activists to shrink the power of the federal government, limiting the reach and authority of what those activists call “the administrative state.”

The court’s opinion could make it easier for opponents of federal regulations to challenge them in court, prompting a rush of new litigation, while also injecting uncertainty into businesses and industries.

“If Americans are worried about their drinking water, their health, their retirement account, discrimination on the job, if they fly on a plane, drive a car, if they go outside and breathe the air — all of these day-to-day activities are run through a massive universe of federal agency regulations,” said Lisa Heinzerling, an expert in administrative law at Georgetown University. “And this decision now means that more of those regulations could be struck down by the courts.”

The decision effectively ends a legal precedent known as “Chevron deference,” after a 1984 Supreme Court ruling. That decision held that when Congress passes a law that lacks specificity, courts must give wide leeway to decisions made by the federal agencies charged with implementing that law. The theory was that scientists, economists and other specialists at the agencies have more expertise than judges in determining regulations and that the executive branch is also more accountable to voters.

Since then, thousands of legal decisions have relied on the Chevron doctrine when challenges have been made to regulations stemming from laws like the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act, the 1970 Clean Air Act , the 2010 Affordable Care Act and others.

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Water pollution drastically affects aquatic life. It affects their metabolism, and behaviour, and causes illness and eventual death. Dioxin is a chemical that causes a lot of problems from reproduction to uncontrolled cell growth or cancer. This chemical is bioaccumulated in fish, chicken and meat.
Water Pollution in the US: Causes and Control Essay
Global warming. One of the most notorious and, nevertheless, the one of the lengthiest effect, global warming causes the U.S. rivers to overflow; as a result, the sewage contents will pour into clean water, contaminating it. 1.2 trillion gallons of sewage contaminate freshwater annually in the U.S (Water pollution facts, n. d., para. 24).
102 Water Pollution Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
102 Water Pollution Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. Water pollution essays are an excellent way to demonstrate your awareness of the topic and your position on the solutions to the issue. To help you ease the writing process, we prepared some tips, essay topics, and research questions about water pollution.
Water Pollution and its Control
2. State water pollution causes and effects. The common causes of water pollution include sewage disposal, chemical release from industries, agricultural runoff, etc. The effects of these causes include aquatic life disturbance, neurological and psychological errors in human beings, loss of flora and fauna, etc. 3.
PDF Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control Measures
Saroj Kumar Singh. (iii) Inspects your septic system every 3 - 5 years. (iv) Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systems. (v) Sweep your driveway instead of hosing it down. (vi) Always pump your waste-holding tanks on your boat. (vii) Use non-toxic cleaning materials.
Water pollution
Recent News. water pollution, the release of substances into subsurface groundwater or into lakes, streams, rivers, estuaries, and oceans to the point that the substances interfere with beneficial use of the water or with the natural functioning of ecosystems. In addition to the release of substances, such as chemicals, trash, or microorganisms ...
Water Pollution Causes, Effects and Solutions
Effects of Water Pollution. Groundwater polluted through the use of chemicals in farming causes destruction to plants, which in turn affect human beings and animals that feed on them (Go Green Academy, 2013). Secondly, polluted water causes skin rashes and even cancer to swimmers.
Water Pollution: Causes, Consequences, Solutions
This essay aims to explore the causes, types, consequences, and current efforts to address water pollution. It will also address counterarguments, propose solutions, and highlight the importance of public awareness and education.Water pollution is primarily caused by industrial activities, agricultural practices, and household waste.
Pollution of Water: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
Water pollution is a grave environmental issue with widespread ramifications for ecosystems and human well-being. This essay will delve into the causes and effects of water pollution, emphasizing the importance of addressing this critical problem through comprehensive solutions involving policy measures, educational initiatives, and community-based interventions.
Causes and Effects of Water Pollution
The destruction of the ecosystem that holds soil leads to damage that causes water pollution (EPA, 2017). As aquatic animals such as fish try to survive in soiled water, they become vulnerable to death as their gills are blocked. Dirty water is also prone to bacteria that have serious health impacts on human life.
(PDF) WATER POLLUTION-SOURCES,EFFECTS AND CONTROL
WATER POLLUTION -SOURCES,EFFECTS AND CONTROL. M. Romeo Singh 1* and Asha Gupta 2. 1* Centre for Biodiversity, Department of Botany. Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India. 2 Centre of Advance ...
Essay on Water Pollution for Students and Children
The effects of Water Pollution are: Diseases: In humans, drinking or consuming polluted water in any way has many disastrous effects on our health. It causes typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and various other diseases. Eradication of Ecosystem: Ecosystem is extremely dynamic and responds to even small changes in the environment.
PDF Study Material Water Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control Measures
STUDY MATERIAL. POLLUTION: CAUSES, EFFECTS A. D CONTROL MEASURES Introduction: Water is essential for life. Without water there would be no life. 71% of the earth's surface is covered by water. nly a tiny fraction of this water is available to us as fresh water. About 97% of the total water available on. arth is found in oceans and is t.
Essay on Water Pollution: Samples in 200, 500 Words
Essay on Water Pollution: Samples in 200, 500 Words. Essay on Water Pollution: Water pollution occurs when human activities introduce toxic substances into freshwater ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater, leading to the degradation of water quality. The combination of harmful chemicals with water has a negative impact on ...
Water Pollution Essay for Students in English
Water contamination occurs when pollutants pollute water sources and make the water unfit for use in drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Chemicals, garbage, bacteria, and parasites are examples of pollutants. Water is eventually damaged by all types of pollution. Lakes and oceans become contaminated by air pollution.
Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control Measures
Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indians children's die of diarrhea every day and so many other countries too.
Water Pollution and its Control
Effects of Water Pollution. Water pollution has a number of serious effects on the environment and human health. One of the most serious effects of water pollution is that it can kill aquatic life. Polluted water can contain toxins and heavy metals that can be deadly to fish, amphibians, and other aquatic creatures. Water pollution can also ...
Essay on Water Pollution : Causes, Effects & Solutions
Water pollution is actually a two-fold issue raising global concerns today. The first issue, the most common one as we know is of the contamination of water by toxins and measures to reduce the contamination and improve the quality of water. The second one is more serious and pertains to the availability of potable water on earth after some ...
Water Pollution and its Control
Control Measures of Water Pollution. Water contamination can be controlled in many ways and methods by taking proper actions and introducing new technologies. Water Treatments Methods. We must avoid dumping waste into water bodies. Water treatment plants should be used for sewage water and effluent removal plants for effluent removal.
Essay on Controlling Water Pollution (402 Words)
Essay on Controlling Water Pollution (402 Words) Control of water pollution is the demand of the day. Cooperation of the common man, social organizations, national government and non-governmental organizations, is required for controlling water pollution through different curative measures. The government should also take suitable steps for ...
Water Pollution
20 essay samples found. Water pollution poses a dire threat to ecosystems, human health, and economies. Essays could explore the myriad sources of water pollution, such as industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal. The discourse might extend to the examination of the impacts of water pollution on aquatic life ...
IELTS Essay # 1321
Model Answer: Water pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in recent decades, posing significant threats to ecosystems and human well-being. Understanding the causes of water pollution and implementing effective prevention measures are crucial in safeguarding our precious water resources. This essay will explore the various ...
Water Pollution: A Global Imperative for Health and Environment: [Essay
By implementing measures such as waste recycling, water conservation, and pollution control, industries can significantly reduce their contribution to water pollution and protect the environment. At the individual level, everyone can take steps to reduce water pollution by properly disposing of waste, avoiding single-use plastics, and ...
Assessment of China's EIA Law for the prevention and control of water
The lake water was the source of domestic drinking water supplies for 10 million people before it started getting polluted (Qin et al. 2010).The best example of Taihu Lake water contamination is the 2007 drinking water crisis caused by chemical industry pollution (Yuan et al. 2019), which led the local government to shut down nearly 500 chemical industry facilities at that time.
Water and the Body: The Role of Hydration in Human Physiology and Space
This essay examines the significance of water in the human body, noting that it constitutes about 60% of an adult's body weight, with variations based on age, sex, and body composition. It highlights water's crucial roles in physiological processes such as nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and joint lubrication.
Applied Sciences
This paper discusses air quality index (AQI) representation using a fuzzy logic framework to cover the blurry areas of AQI where indices are in between ranges of values. After studying several standards for air quality prediction (AQP), this research suggested the use of fuzzy logic as an extended method to cover some limitations found in several standards, in which the fuzzy logic represents ...
What the Chevron Ruling Means for the Federal Government
Environmentalists fear that the end of the Chevron doctrine will mean the elimination of hundreds of E.P.A. rules aimed at limiting air and water pollution, protecting people from toxic chemicals ...

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