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Internet Class 8 Computer Science Notes and Questions

Please refer to Internet Class 8 Computer Science notes and questions with solutions below. These revision notes and important examination questions have been prepared based on the latest Computer Science books for  Class 8 . You can go through the questions and solutions below which will help you to get better marks in your examinations.

Class 8 Computer Science Internet Notes and Questions

Question 1 International Network of Computers is known as __ __________ a. ARPANET b. INTERNET c. INTRANET d. ETHERNET

Question 2 WWW stands for ______________ a. World Wide Web b. World Web Wide c. Web World Wide d. Wide Web World

World Wide Web

Question 3 __________ __ is an online conversation over internet. a. E-Commerce b. Chatting c. E-Mail d. World Wide Web

Question 4 ________ _ is the fastest way of sending mails. a. Telegram b. WhatsApp c. ISP d. E-Mail

Question 5 _________ __ is a device that connects a computer with Telephone Line. a. Modem b. Mouse c. Telephone d. Mobile

Write True or False

Question 1 A webpage is a collection of websites.

Question 2 Internet Explorer is the name of ISP.

Question 3 Facebook is one of the popular Social-Networking website

Question 4 Internet Computers communicate through network.

Question 5 the software that allows you to explore information on the web is called Website.

Write the full forms (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

• WWW – World Wide Web • ISP – Internet Service Provider • DSL – Digital Subscriber Line • PC – Personal Computer • MODEM – Modulator Demodulator • Kbps – Kilobits per second • RAM – Random Access Memory • ISDN – Integrated Digital Service Network

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What is Internet? Ans: Internet is also called International Network of Computers. In simplest form, it is also known as Network of Networks. It is formed by computers that are spread over the world. Internet brings a new revolution in the world. Internet communicates through computer networks. Internet services were started in India on dated Aug 15, 1995 by a government agency named VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited).

Question 2 Give Some Examples of Internet Service Providers. Ans: Internet Service Providers is also called ISP. It is a company that provides us the services of Internet. Examples of Internet Service Providers are given below: • BSNL • Airtel • JIO • Idea

Question 3 What do you mean by the term E-Commerce? Ans: E-Commerce stands for Electronic Commerce. Doing Business with the help of Internet is known as ECommerce. Using e-commerce websites, we can do shopping from home at any time. Amazon, Flipcart, Myntra etc. are the most common examples of e-commerce websites.

Question 4 Define the term WWW. Ans: WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also known as WEB or W3. It is a collection of web servers. Information is stored in the form of web pages in World Wide Web. Collection of webpages is called website. Each web page has a unique address, which is known as URL (Uniform Resource Locater). Web-Browsers are used to view webpages. Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer etc. are the commonly used web browsers.

Question 5 Describe the types of Internet Connections. Ans: There are many types of Internet Connections. Following are the some common types of internet connection. Anyone of them can be used to access internet. • Dial Up • Broadband • Wireless • DSL • ISDN

Question 6 Tell about the E-Mail. Ans: E-Mail stands for Electronic Mail. It is one of the most usable features of internet. It is the fastest way to send mails. Using it, we can receive or send a message to anyone at any time in the whole world within seconds. Text, Picture of any type of file can be sent or received using email. To send or receive emails, email address is required. Gmail and Yahoo are the most commonly used email websites.

Question 7 What is Web-Searching? Ans: Searching means to find something. Many types of unlimited information is available in the form of websites and webpages. To find any type of information on these webpages is known as Web Searching. Search Engines are used to find information on webpages. Search engines find the similar web pages and arrange them in the form of list so that we can access the required information easily. Google is one of the most popular and used search engine.

Question 8 Write the Hardware requirements for internet. Ans: For the usage of internet, following hardware components are required: • A Personal Computer (PC) • RAM of 128 MB or More capacity • Telephone Line Connection • MODEM

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What is Modem? Also explain its type and speed. Ans: Modem stands for Modulator Demodulator. It is a communication device. It is used to convert digital signal into analogue signal and vice versa. It is required to access internet. Types of Modems: Modems are of following two types: • Internal Modem: These modems are fitted inside the System Unit. These modems are slower as compared to External modems.

• External modems: It is a separate external device. It is faster than internal modems. Normally, speed of these modems is 56 Kbps.

Question 2 Explain the tasks performed by network and internet. Ans: Following are the common tasks performed by the network and internet: 1. We can watch the news of worldwide using internet. 2. We can access the information about various topics with the help of internet. 3. We can entertain ourselves with the help of internet 4. We can do shopping from home with the help of internet 5, We can access the information related to our health and fitness with the help of internet. 6. We can book tickets of railway and flights from home with the help of internet. 7. We can communicate with people by using social networking sites with the help of internet.

Question 3 What are the main services provided by internet? Explain briefly. Ans: Following are the common services provided by the internet: 1, E-Mail: It is the facility of sending or receiving messages throughout the world. 2. Chatting: It is the facility of online conversation over internet. 3. E-Commerce: it is the facility of doing business with the help of internet. 4. Searching: It is the facility of finding information over internet. 5. Video Conferencing: It is the face-to-face online conversation using web-camera with the help of internet. 6. Downloading: It is the facility of getting various types of files from internet.

We hope the above  Internet Class 8 Computer Science  are useful for you. If you have any questions then post them in the comments section below. Our teachers will provide you an answer. Also refer to  MCQ Questions for Class 8  Computer Science

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CBSE Class 8 Computer Science Chapter 19

Home » CBSE » CBSE Class 8 Computer Science Chapter 19

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CBSE Class VIII Computer Science Chapter 19  – Networking Concepts

Networking allows sharing data and resources among various computers. A computer network is mainly classified into three types: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN). LAN connects nodes over a short distance. MAN connects nodes over an area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. WAN connects nodes over large geographical areas. 

Network topology defines the way to group computers to form a network. In bus topology, the nodes are connected to a single backbone cable by a transceiver. In ring topology, each node is connected to the other to form a circular ring. In star topology, each node is connected to a central switch or hub. The tree topology integrates multiple star topologies onto a bus. In mesh topology, each computer is connected to every other computer.  

Communication media are the cables used to connect various devices. The communication media is classified into two types: guided media and unguided media. In guided media, the computers are connected with each other through cables. The guided media is used for short distance data transmission. The cables used for guided communication are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable. In unguided media, the computers are connected with each other through waves. It is used for long distance data transmission. Examples of unguided communication are micro wave, radio and satellite. Network devices are the components used to connect various computers and other electronic devices together to share the information. Network devices include modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, and gateway. Network security provides freedom from risk. Some commonly used network security measures are authorisation, authentication, firewall and intrusion detection. 

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CBSE Class 8 Study Material and Notes

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CBSE Class 8 Study Material and Notes PDF

Class 8th is one of the crucial phase in academics. The syllabus of Class 12th contains some of the most important topics for board and competitive exam. It is advised for students to study potentially to do well in exams. The topics of Class 8 science and Math is quite similar to that of Class 10th.

GeeksforGeeks has compiled the CBSE Class 8 resources and notes for you to prepare.

CBSE Class 8 Subjects

Below is the list of subjects to study for CBSE Class 12th.

• CBSE Class 8 Science
• CBSE Class 8 Maths
• CBSE Class 8 Social Science
• CBSE Class 8 Hindi
• CBSE Class 8 English

CBSE Class 8 Syllabus

Students can learn what they will study in each academic year by examining the Class 8 CBSE syllabus for all topics. Understanding the syllabus, which is created by the CBSE board by norms, would enable Class 8 students to study for their exams more successfully.

Below is the subject wise syllabus of CBSE Class 8.

• CBSE class 8 Syllabus All Subject
• CBSE Class 8 Maths Syllabus
• CBSE Class 8 Science Syllabus
• CBSE Class 8 English Syllabus
• CBSE Class 8 Social Science Syllabus

CBSE Study Materials for Class 8

Students can prepare for their exam and get better grades by using the CBSE study materials for Class 8. These study guides are created in accordance with the most recent Class 8 CBSE board syllabus.

• CBSE Class 8 Notes All Subject
• CBSE Class 8 Maths Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Science Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Chapterwise Notes Biology
• CBSE Class 8 Chemistry Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Geography Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes
• CBSE Class 8 History Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes
• CBSE Class 8 English Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Social Science Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Science Important Topics for SA2 (2023-2024)
• CBSE Class 8 Maths Formulas

CBSE Class 8 Notes PDF Download

Click on the link below to download CBSE Class 8 Notes PDF.

CBSE Class 8 Textbook Solutions

The textbook solutions for CBSE Class 8 students are provided below.

• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
• RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions for Maths
• CBSE NCERT Solution Class 8 Biology

CBSE Question Papers for Class 8

Students can learn about the final question paper, the marking scheme, the key questions, etc. by using the Class 8 CBSE exam papers. Students would benefit from solving these Class 8 CBSE question questions as they get ready for their final exam paper.

Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 8

Students can get a sense of the kinds of questions they might face from each section by looking at the CBSE Class 8 previous year question papers. These past year’s exam questions are produced using the most recent CBSE Board syllabus.

Tips for Preparing for CBSE Class 8: How to Study

• Before beginning their exam preparation, students should know their specific syllabus.
• To improve their test scores, students should regularly solve sample and question papers from prior years.
• Students must clearly comprehend the ideas and subjects covered in their particular classes.
• Students need to get ready by the curriculum as outlined in the relevant course material.
• Examine your concepts carefully, but also make sure you can write down what you have read.

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CBSE Class 8

CBSE Class 8 is considered as one of the crucial stage in the academic career of a student. It is a Class wherein students need to understand all the fundamentals which will help you to score more marks in your further grades. It is a very important standard for a student as in this standard student learn all the basic concepts that they will need in their future classes. Students of CBSE Class 8 should understand the basics of each subject because the next higher class is no different but it is in a more detailed form.

CBSE Class 8 Subjects

Given below are the subjects for Class 8 CBSE Board which is included in the curriculum for the respective academic year. All the subjects are compulsory for the students to study in Class 8 so that they get promoted to the next class.

• CBSE Class 8 Science
• CBSE Class 8 Maths
• Social Science

CBSE Syllabus for Class 8

Class 8 CBSE syllabus for all the subjects will help students to get to know what they are going to study in the respective academic year. Knowing the syllabus will help students of Class 8 to prepare effectively for their exam and it is prepared by the CBSE board as per the guidelines.

• CBSE class 8 Syllabus All Subject
• CBSE Class 8 Maths Syllabus
• CBSE Class 8 Science Syllabus
• CBSE Class 8 English Syllabus
• CBSE Class 8 Social Science Syllabus

CBSE Study Materials for Class 8

CBSE study materials for Class 8 for students so that they can prepare effectively for their exam and score better marks. These study materials are prepared as per the latest syllabus of the CBSE board for Class 8.

• CBSE Class 8 Notes All Subject
• CBSE Class 8 Maths Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Science Notes
• CBSE Class 8 English Notes
• Unseen Passages for Class 8
• CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes
• CBSE Class 8 History Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes
• CBSE Class 8 Geography Notes
• NCERT Notes for class 8
• NCERT Notes for class 8 Science
• NCERT Notes for Class 8 Maths

CBSE Class 8 Books

Books are an important resource for Class 8 students for study purpose because the questions that are asked in the final exam mostly picked up from the textbooks. The textbooks that are mentioned below are available for download in pdf version for students.

• CBSE class 8 Science Book
• CBSE class 8 Maths Book
• CBSE class 8 Social Science Book
• CBSE class 8 History Book
• CBSE class 8 Geography Book
• CBSE class 8 Civics Book
• CBSE class 8 English Book

CBSE Class 8 Textbooks Solutions

NCERT solutions for Class 8 CBSE covers the entire syllabus of the respective subject. Solving these textbook solutions will help students to score good marks and will also boost up the student’s confidence. Given below are the textbook solutions for CBSE Class 8 students.

• NCERT Solutions for class 8
• NCERT Solutions for class 8 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for class 8 Science
• NCERT Solutions for class 8 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions for class 8 History
• NCERT Solutions for class 8 Civics
• NCERT Solutions for class 8 Geography
• RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions

CBSE Sample Papers for class 8

Solving these CBSE sample papers for Class 8 will help students while preparing for their exam and some of the questions mentioned in the sample papers might be asked in the final exam question paper. It is always advisable to solve these sample papers before the exam.

• CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 Maths
• CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 Science
• CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 Social Science
• CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8 English

CBSE Question Papers for Class 8

Class 8 CBSE question papers help students to get an idea about the final question paper, marking scheme, important questions, etc. Solving these Class 8 CBSE question papers will help students while preparing for their final exam paper.

Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 8

The previous year question papers for CBSE Class 8 gives students an idea about the types of questions they can expect from each section. These previous year question papers are prepared as per the latest syllabus designed by the CBSE Board.

CBSE Class 8 Marks wise Important Questions

We at BYJU’S provide CBSE Class 8 marks wise important questions from each chapter so that they can prepare accordingly. The marks wise important questions provide Class 8 students a brief idea about the types of questions that can be asked in the examination.

• Important 2 Marks Questions for CBSE 8 Maths
• Important 3 Marks Questions for CBSE 8 Maths
• Important 4 Marks Questions for CBSE 8 Maths
• Important 2 Marks Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science
• Important 3 Marks Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science
• Important 5 Marks Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science

CBSE Class 8 Chapter wise Important Questions

CBSE Class 8 chapter wise important questions will help students prepare well for the exams due to time constraint. Studying these chapterwise important questions can clear all their doubts with respect to each chapter by practicing.

• Chapter wise important Questions for class 8 Maths
• Chapter wise important questions for class 8 Science
• Chapter wise important Questions for class 8 Social Science

CBSE Class 8 Science Experiments

CBSE Class 8 Science Experiments we at BYJU’S offer help every student in a unique manner by explaining the content to them in a practical manner. These science experiments help students to expand their scientific horizons and get submerged into the world of science. Also, students can get the CBSE Class 8 Science Lab Manual through which they get all the details about project works and types of experiments.

• Static Electricity Experiment
• Create your own Quicksand
• CBSE Class 8 Science Lab Manual

Students of Class 8 can also go through the Maths Lab Manual of Class 6 to 8 to get ideas on Maths activities and project work.

CBSE Class 8 Maths Lab Manual

CBSE Class 8 Science Projects

Science project work plays an important role in students life. They help the Class 8 student to understand a concept effectively and practically. Class 8 science projects are important as they tend to learn many new things in the class.

• Gauss Rifle

CBSE Class 8 Science working Models

CBSE Class 8 Science working models explain and even predicts the behavior of various systems and real-world objects. All these experiments will be in some way related to the day to day activities of our life.

• Solar Energy Project
• Electric Generator
• Potato Battery

CBSE Class 8 Videos

How to Study in CBSE Class 8 (Preparation Tips )

• Students should know their respective syllabus before they start their exam preparation.
• Solve previous year question paper and sample paper on a regular basis so that they can score better marks in their exams.
• Students should have a clear understanding of the concepts and topics that are taught in their respective class.
• Students must prepare according to the syllabus mentioned in the respective subject textbook.
• Study your concepts thoroughly, but make sure that you can write what you read.

Keep learning and stay tuned with BYJU’S for the latest update on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams. Also, download the BYJU’S App for interactive study videos.

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Class 8 Computer Science Chapter 4 Computer Networking

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Computer Science Chapter 4 Computer Networking updated for new academic session 2024-25. Grade 8 Computer book chapter 4 is very important for not only CBSE but the State board Students also. Networking is one of the most important tools of computer knowledge.

• Class 8 Computer Science Chapter 4 Study Material
• Class 8 Computer Science all Chapters Notes
• Class 8 all Subjects NCERT Solutions

Computer networks have made a major impact on the society as a powerful communication medium. Everyday thousands of PCs are bought by the users all around the world and majority of them are connected to each other. By using computer networking, one may reduce the amount of travelling, and thus save energy and time. Computer network means a collection of autonomous computer interconnected by a single technology. A computer network is a collection of computers and peripheral devices such as printers etc., connected by communication links such as copper wire, microwaves infrared and communication satellites. Because of these links, components of network function simultaneously. A computer network can be created connecting two or millions of computers. A network can be as small as a local area network consisting of a few computers, printers and other devices.

WHAT IS NETWORKING Computer networking is the transmission of data and information over a communication channel between two or more computers. Communication between computers can be as simple as cabling two or more computers to the same printer or thousands of computers across the world. When your computer is a part of a network using a cable or some other communication channels, you can become a network user. Now you can share files, folders and computer hardware such as printer scanner etc. attached to the network.

SHARING EQUIPMENT Computer network is also used for sharing hardware like scanners and printers, with everyone on the network group. This reduces the cost of buying computer hardware as laser printers and large hard disks can be expensive. Networks enable users to share such equipment by networking microcomputers or workstations.

SHARING DATA/INFORMATION Networks enable user to share information with others. Computer network plays a great role to provide all the information that are stored in different computers. This allows users access to data stored on other computers. This keeps everyone up-to-date about the latest data, since it is all in the same file, rather than having to make copies of the files, which are immediately out-of-date. Using network, the latest data can be easily made available at all times to all the users.

COMMUNICATION Nowadays computer has become a powerful communication medium among people. In a multinational company, its employees and offices may be scattered in different countries. They have to report daily to the head office and to communicate each other they now use Email facility. PROGRAM SHARING This can even let users run programs that are not installed on their own computers but are installed elsewhere in the network. This reduces the effort for network administrators to keep programs configured correctly and save a lot of storage space.

LOW TRANSFER COSTS Computer networking allows fast transfer of information among machines within a group. Time saving increases significantly when we are connected to other networks in comparison to an organization that uses stand alone PCs. When a person makes or changes the report online, the other person can see the change immediately instead of waiting long for a letter. VIDEO CONFERENCING Computer networking is the transmission of data and information over a communication channel between two computers. Video conferencing is another form of communication in which computer network is very useful. Using Video conferencing, people at far location can have a meeting, seeing and hearing each other. Video conferencing is a very powerful medium for reducing the cost and time to travel. ONLINE SHOPPING By using this technology we can do shopping from home or any place using Internet. Various companies and manufacturers of goods provide detail of their goods and services online and collect orders online.

SERVER A server is a powerful version of a desktop computer. Servers are designed to play the key role of the network, performing such functions as file, print and e-mail servers. It can be defined as a computer that shares the data, software and hardware resources on the network.

WORKSTATIONS Any computer becomes a workstation when it is attached to a networking service. A computer can be turned into a networking station by installing the networking interface card. This card directs the computer to look for a server. Computers connected to a network need not to be of the same type. Many networks contain different types of computers.

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is must for each computer on the network. An NIC is a gateway of computer to the network. The NIC attaches to the network via connection medium usually a wire or a cable, which attaches to the other computers. When there are more than two computers, their cables can connect to a hub. A hub is a device on a network that conveys a computer’s request to every device on the network.

Network Operating Systems are essential for networking. Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server and Novell Netware are examples of operating system. Various versions of Linux are available in the market. It is a low-cost or no-cost option. Transmission Media or Hardware for Networking Transmission Media or Hardware just means the physical materials that are used to transmit data between computers. Let’s study some hardware that are required for networking. There are three choices:

• Twisted pair wire (Phone line)
• Co-axial cable (Round insulated wire)
• Fibre optic line (Glass fibers)

COMMUNICATION DEVICE To join two or more computers or networks together a communication device is required. There are different types of communication devices available such as Modem, Hub, Router, Switch etc.

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Class 8 :: Computer Science :: Algorithms and Flowcharts

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Chapter 4 - Unit 2

Compiling and executing programs, class 8 - apc understanding computer studies with bluej, choose the correct option.

Which of the following is a valid comment in Java language?

• /*comment*//
• */ comment */

Reason — In Java, the comment statements are written using double slash (//).

Which of the following is used to enclose a set of statements to form a compound statement in Java program?

• Parenthesis

Curly brackets

• All of them

Reason — A set of two or more statements placed within curly brackets and executed together is called compound statement.

Note — Here, there is a misprint in part (3). Curly bracket has been misprinted as square brackets.

Which of the following operators is essentially required while writing if statement?

Reason — In if statement, to test whether a condition is true or not, Relational operators are used.

Due to which of the following errors, a program does not provide correct result although it has no grammatical mistake?

• Type mismatch
• None of the above

Reason — Logical error occurs when the logic is incorrect. Thus, the program does not produce the desired result although it is syntactically correct and compiles and executes fine.

A Java statement is given as: if((a!=b)&&(a==c))

Which of the following statements is true?

• b is the smallest number
• b is the greatest number
• a is the smallest number

Both (a) and (b)

Reason — The if condition checks that a and b are unequal and a and c are equal. Both these conditions should be true then only if statement will execute. If a and b are unequal and a and c are equal then b will either be the smallest number or the greatest number.

Which of the following logical operators results in true when all the connecting conditions are true?

Reason — Logical AND results in true when all the connecting conditions are true.

State True or False

Java programs can be compiled and executed on BlueJ platform. True

In assignment, the data values are readily available in Java program. True

The control skips some lines in a normal flow of control. False

In a decision making program, 'if' checks whether the condition is true or false. True

You can't assign data values in the main( ) function. False

In an if-else statement, the condition is to be defined only with if and not with else. True

Predict the output of the given snippets, when executed

What will be the value of x and y, if n assumes a value (i) 1 (ii) 0?

(i) When n is 1:       x is 2 and y is 2

(ii) When n is 0:       x is 1 and y is 1

Explanation

When n is 1, if (n>0) is true. So the statements x=x+1; and y=y+1; are executed making the values of x and y as 2.

When n is 0, if (n>0) is false. Statements x=x+1; and y=y+1; are not executed so values of x and y remain 1.

• Syntax Error

There are 2 syntax errors in this program:

• Variable k is not initialized with any value before using it in the if check.
• The statement float a=15.15 has a syntax error. We are trying to assign a double literal to a float variable. The correct statement will be float a=15.15f .

Correct the errors in the given programs

Errors in the snippet.

• Name of the class can't be public as public is a keyword.
• Argument of main function should be an array of Strings.
• We cannot assign 65.45 to c as c is an int variable and 65.45 is a floating-point literal.
• Variable sum is not defined.
• Variable diff is not defined.
• println method takes a single argument.

Corrected Program

• Multiple variable assignment statements cannot be separated by a comma. Semicolon should be used instead.
• The line c=2a+2b needs an operator between 2 and a, 2 and b.
• The line d=(a+b)2 needs an operator between (a+b) and 2.
• Variable p is not defined.

Case-Study Based Question

It is possible that the user may not be able to write an error-free program at one go. Due to this reason, debugging is significant. Debugging is used to eliminate errors from a program. Some of the examples describing the errors are given below:

(a) A number divided by zero.

(b) The user has applied multiplication sign, instead of division sign.

(c) Sum of p and q is to be divided by their difference using the statement p+q/p-q.

(d) While writing a Java statement, the user forgot to terminate the statement using semicolon.

Based on the above case, answer the following questions:

What is the type of error in (a)?

• Logical error
• Runtime error
• Execution error

What is the type of error in (b)?

• Syntax error
• Compiler error

What is the type of error in (c)?

What is the type of error in (d)?

• Compilation error

Answer the following questions

Write the syntax of 'if' statement.

The syntax of 'if' statement is as follows:

What is a compound statement? Give an example.

A set of two or more statements which are executed together and are placed within curly brackets { } is called compound statement.

For example,

In this snippet, the statements System.out.println(n); and n=n-1; are compound statements as they will be executed only when the condition of if is true.

Define the following:

(a) Normal flow of control

(b) Conditional flow of control

It is a sequential movement of the control from one statement to another from beginning to the end of the program. It is the simplest way of executing a program, where there is no restriction on flow of control during the process.

Sometimes, it may happen that a statement or a set of statements is executed only when a given condition results in true. However, if the condition results in false, then these statements are ignored and the control moves forward to the next statement of the program. This type of flow of control is known as the conditional flow of control and the statements are known as the decision making statements.

It can be achieved by using the following statements:

• if statement
• if-else statement
• if-else-if statement

Write down the syntax of the following with reference to Java Programming:

(a) to accept an integer value using main( )

(b) to accept a fractional number using main( )

(a) public static void main(int variable_name)

(b) public static void main(float variable_name)

What are the different types of errors that may occur during the execution of a program?

Logical errors and Run-Time errors occur during the execution of the program.

Distinguish between Syntax error and Logical error.

Explain the following:

(a) if-else construct

(b) if-else-if construct

In if-else construct, the user defines the statements to be executed when the condition results in true or false. If the given condition results in true, the statements in the 'if' block are executed and if the given condition results in false, the statements in the 'else' block are executed.

The syntax of if-else construct is as follows:

It is used when more than one condition are to be evaluated and only one of them is true.

The syntax of if-else-if construct is as follows:

When 'condition 1' is 'True' then it will execute statement 1. In case 'condition 1' is false, the control will move to 'else if' part and will check 'condition 2'. If it is true, the control will execute 'Statement 2' otherwise it will execute 'Statement 3'.

Solutions to unsolved programs

Write a program to calculate and display the value of the given expression: (a 2 +b 2 )/(a-b),when a=20, b=15

Write a program to calculate the gross salary of an employee when Basic Salary = Rs.8600 DA = 20% of Salary HRA = 10% of Salary CTA = 12% of the Salary. Gross Salary = (Salary + DA + HRA + CTA) Display the basic and gross salary.

Write a program to accept Principal, Rate and Time. Calculate and display the interest accumulated for the first year, second year and the third year compound annually.

Sample Input: Principal = ₹5,000, Rate = 10% per annum, Time = 3 years

Sample Output: Interest for the first year: ₹500 Interest for the second year: ₹550 Interest for the third year: ₹605

A shopkeeper announces two successive discounts 20% and 10% on purchasing of goods on the marked price. Write a program to input marked price. Calculate and display the selling price of the article.

Write a program to input two unequal numbers. Display the numbers after swapping their values in the variables without using a third variable. Sample Input: a=23, b= 56 Sample Output: a=56, b=23

Write a program to input the temperature in Celsius and then convert it into Fahrenheit. If the temperature in Fahrenheit is more than 98.6°F then display "Fever", otherwise "Normal".

Write a program to accept the marks, obtained in five different subjects (English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Maths) by a student and find the average marks. If the average is 80 or more, then display he/she is eligible to get "Computer Science', otherwise "Biology".

'Mega Market' has announced festival discounts on the purchase of items, based on the total cost of the items purchased:

Write a program to input the total cost. Display the discount and amount to be paid after discount.