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Biology Form 1 Notes | Biology Form 1 Questions and Answers

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• BIOLOGY FORM 1 REVISION QUESTIONS
• Biology Form 1 Term Exams (Term 1, Term 2, and Term 3)
• Biology Form 1 Quiz 11 With Answers - Quiz Set 11

High School Biology Form 1 Topics

Introduction to biology - form 1 biology, classification i - form 1 biology, the cell - form 1 biology, the cell - structure and functions of the cell organelles - form 1 biology, the cell - estimation of the cell size - form 1 biology, cell physiology - the cell membrane and diffusion - form 1 biology, cell physiology - osmosis and active transport - form 1 biology, nutrition in plants & animals - introduction - form 1 biology, nutrition in plants - photosynthesis - dark and light reaction stages - form 1 biology, nutrition in plants & animals - chemicals of life - form 1 biology, nutrition in plants & animals - enzymes - form 1 biology, nutrition in plants & animals - heterotrophism and dentition - form 1 biology, nutrition in animals - digestion - form 1 biology, nutrition in animals - absorption - form 1 biology.

Biology Form One Revision Questions and Answers on all topics including Characteristics of Living Things, Classification I, The Cell, Cell Physiology, Nutrition in Plants, Chemicals of Life, Dentition and Digestion

• BIOLOGY FORM ONE REVISION QUESTIONS

High School Biology Classes

Biology form 2 notes, revision questions and answers, biology form 3 biology notes, revision questions and answers, biology form 4 biology notes, revision questions and answers.

School Base -Online

Biology form 1 topics.

• Introduction To Biology
• Safety In Our Environment
• Cell Structure And Organization
• Classification Of Living Things

Strategies for answering exam and test questions

Click on the accordions below to see more information about how best to tackle the following question types in your exam.

Multi-choice questions

Things to remember about multi-choice questions

• Read through the options and try to eliminate the ones that aren’t right . Multi-choice questions usually have one option that is obviously wrong, and three or four others that are similar.  It is important to look carefully at how they are worded in order to select the correct  answer.
• Don’t struggle over a question . Do all of the easy questions first and come back to harder ones later to maximise efficient use of test/exam time.
• Answer all the questions . Even if you are not sure, your educated guess may well be correct. It is better to have a go at answering a question than potentially miss out on a mark.
• When you check back through your paper and think an answer is wrong - change the answer . Research indicates that you will probably be correct in doing so.

Short answer questions

Short answer questions range from a sentence or two through to a paragraph in length.

• Keep to the point . Short answers are usually two-three sentences.
• Main ideas . Your answers should incorporate the key points, words, ideas and phrases the marker will be looking for.
• Leave one or two lines after each answer . This is so you can add important points later on.
• Try to answer all the questions .  If you don’t know the complete answer, put down what you do know, as this is likely to get you some marks.

Exam essay questions

The advice here is in four parts: Time allocation | Task analysis | Planning | Presentation

Time allocation

• Use the reading time at the start of the exam to choose which essay questions you will answer .
• Check how much time you might have to answer each essay question , and stick to it. You can come back and add more to your answer in your revision time at the end of the exam session.
• If you haven’t finished your answer, jot down the rest in note form . This will show the marker what you know, and you might get some marks for it.

Task analysis

• Read the question carefully .
• Underline or highlight the content words . What is the topic?
• Pick out the instruction words in the question, e.g. identify, describe, compare and contrast, evaluate. What are you being asked to do with the topic?
• Take some time to think and plan your answer . For example: use the reading time to select which essay questions you will answer. Then use the start of the writing time (5-20mins) to make notes of all the points you remember that are relevant to the essay. General guide for timing: for 30 minutes of writing, allow 5-7 minutes for planning .
• Plan out the structure by organising your points into a logical order :e.g. by numbering them according to intended sequence.
• General writing rule for exam essays - one paragraph = one point . Follow standard essay-writing procedure, e.g. start with a topic sentence that contains your key point, and then support this with examples, explanations, and evidence.

Presentation

• Make sure your handwriting is legible . Markers should not have to decipher your handwriting. If your handwriting is illegible, it could compromise your marks.
• Make sure that you can express ideas effectively in terms of sentence structure and word use .  Incoherent sentences and incorrect terminology will likely result in the marker not being able to understand your answer properly.
• Don’t worry too much about punctuation, grammar and spelling . Getting your ideas down is more important than ‘perfect’ writing (and markers usually take this into account given that students are writing under pressure in an exam situation). However, you do need a basic level of competency in these areas: an answer that lacks any punctuation and is full of spelling mistakes will probably be incoherent for the marker.
• Don't waffle . Get straight to the point in terms of your answer so that you don’t waste time and word space on unessential or irrelevant detail. Planning your essay beforehand is key to avoiding waffle.

Problem solving questions

Usually these types of questions target formulae, steps in a process, or rules.

• Make sure you write down relevant formulas, equations, and rules . Important: For numerical problems involving computation, make sure you include the appropriate mathematical units in your final answer (e.g. ml, m/sec).
• Clearly show the steps you have taken in working out the answers.
• If necessary, write notes to explain your answers .
• Do the easier answers first , and return to the difficult ones later.

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BIOLOGY NOTES

You can download all the high school biology resources below. click on each link to download the item. the list contains the notes and the biology essay questions and answers for form 1, form 2, form 3, and form 4., tips-to-excelling-in-biology., form-4-biology, form-3-biology, form-2-biology, form-1-biology, form 4 biology teacher.co.ke, form 3 biology teacher.co.ke, form 2 biology teacher.co.ke, form 1 biology teacher.co.ke, biology-revision-booklet, biology-notes-form-1-4-booklet, biology-form-1-revision-booklet, biology-essay-questions-expected-answers, biology notes form 1 4 booklets teacher.co.ke, biology form 1 revision booklet teacher.co.ke, biology form 1 notes teacher.co.ke.

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Biology KCSE Essay Questions and Answers Paper 2; Over 1,000

KCSE BIOLOGY PAPPER TWO 231/2 -ESSAYS FROM 1995 -2023

  a). Describe how insect pollinated flowers are adapted to pollination ( KCSE1995)

• Progesterone
• Luteinizinghormone
• Describe how excretion takes place in: ( KCSE1995)
• MammalianKidneys
• Greenplants
• a).Explainhowthemammalianskinisadaptedtoperformitsfunctions (20marks; KCSE 1996)

b). Describe how new plants arise by asexual reproduction (20 marks; KCSE 1996)

• a). What is parasitism? (KCSE1997)

b). Describe how the tapeworm is adapted to a parasitic mode of life (KCSE 1997)

• a). What is meant by the term digestion? (KCSE1997 )

b). Describe how the mammalian small intestine is adapted to its function (KCSE 1997)

• Discuss the various evidences, which show that evolution has taken place (20 marks; KCSE 1998)
• Explain how the mammalian intestines are adapted to perform their function (20 marks; KCSE 1998)
• a). Describethe:
• Process of inhalation in mammals ( KCSE 1999)
• Mechanisms of opening and closing of stomata in plants (KCSE1999)

b). Explain how the various activities of man have caused pollution of air (20 marks; KCSE 1999)

• a). Describe the role of hormones in the human menstrual cycle (20 marks; KCSE2000)

b). How are leaves of mesophytes suited to their functions (20 marks; KCSE 2000)

• a). State the functions of the following parts of the mammalian ear; (KCSE2001)
• Tympanicmembrane
• Eustachiantube
• Earossicles

b). Describe how semicircular canals perform their functions (KCSE 2001 )

• a). Describe the process of fertilization in a flowering plant ( KCSE2001)

b). State the change that take place in a flower after fertilization ( KCSE 2001)

• a). Describe the role of hormones in the growth and development of plants (20 marks; KCSE 2002)
• a). Name three types of skeletons found in multicellular animals ( KCSE2002)

b). Describe how the cervical, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are suited to their functions

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(KCSE 2002)

• a). Describe the functions of the various parts of the human eye (20 marks; KCSE2003)

                                                                                                                                         1 | P a ge

(b). Describe how fruits and seeds are suited to their modes of dispersal (20 marks; KCSE 2003)

• a). How is the mammalian skin adapted to its functions? (20 marks; KCSE2004)

b). Explain how a biotic factors affect plants (20 marks; KCSE 2004)

• a). Describe how gaseous exchange takes place in terrestrial plants (20 marks; KCSE2005)

b). How is the human eye adapted to its function? (20 marks; KCSE 2005)

• a). Describe how human kidney functions (20 marks; KCSE2006)

b).Describehowwatermovesfromthesoiltotheleavesinatree (20marks; KCSE2006)

• a). Describe the structure and functions of the various parts of the human ear (20 marks; KCSE 2007 )

b). Describe causes and methods of controlling water pollution (20 marks; KCSE 2007 )

• Describe the nitrogen cycle (20 marks; KCSE2008)
• a). State four characteristics of gaseous exchangesurfaces

b). Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a mammal (16 marks; KCSE 2008)

• a). How are flowers adapted to wind and insect pollination? (20 marks; KCSE2009 )

b). Describe the role of the liver in homeostasis in the human body (20 marks; KCSE2009)

• a). Describe the process of fertilization in flowering plants (20 marks; KCSE2010)

b). Describe how a finned fish such as tilapia moves in water (20 marks; KCSE 2010)

• a). Describe the exoskeleton and its function in insects (13 marks; KCSE2011)

b). Describe how accommodation in the human eye is brought about when focusing on a near object (7 marks; KCSE 2011)

• Using a relevant example in each case, describe simple and conditional reflex action (20 marks; KCSE2012)
• a).Usingarelevantexample,describehowanallergicreactionoccursinahumanbeing

(10 marks; KCSE 2012)

b).Describehowenvironmentalfactorsincreasetherateoftranspirationinterrestrialplants

• a). Describe the process of blood clotting in human beings (10 marks; KCSE2013 )

b).Howarerespiratorysurfacesinmammalsadaptedtotheirfunctions? (10marks; KCSE 2013)

• Describe the role of the following organs in excretion andhomeostasis
• The liver (10 marks; KCSE2013)
• The skin during hot environmental conditions (10 marks; KCSE2013 )
• a). Explain how each of the following factors affect the rate ofphotosynthesis:
• Temperature (2 marks; KCSE2014)
• Chlorophyll concentration (2 marks; KCSE2014 )

b). Describe the process of carbohydrate digestion in human beings (16 marks; KCSE2014)

• a). How does excretion take place in plants (4 marks; KCSE2014)

b). Describe the role of the human skin in homeostasis (16 marks; KCSE 2014)

• a).Explainthevariouswaysinwhichseedsandfruitsareadaptedtodispersal (20marks; KCSE 2015)

b). How is a mammalian heart structurally adapted to its function? (20 marks; KCSE2015)

                                                                                                                                         2 | P a ge

• (a).Usingarelevantexampleineachcase,describesimpleandconditionalreflexaction

(20 marks; KCSE 2016)

b). Describe how the mammalian heart is structurally adapted to its function (20 marks; KCSE 2016)

• a ) Explain the importance of protecting the forest ecosystem with reference to the following (20 marks; KCSE 2017 )
• a) Climate change
• b) Biodiversity

c)Biotechnology

d)Water conservation

• e) Pollution
• b) Describe how a mammalian eye is structurally adapted to its functions (20 marks)
• a) Describe the mode reproduction in a named fungus (5 marks)
• b) Describe the roles of hormones in the menstrual cycle (15 marks; KCSE 2018 )
• a) Giving examples, describe the following among organisms (20marks; KCSE 2019 )
• Predator-prey relationship
• b) Explain the effect of increased physical activity on the following organ system (20 marks)
• a)(i)Explain the role of the liver in blood regulation (3 marks ; KCSE 2020)
• Describe how a mammalian heart is adapted to its functions (17 marks)
• b) (i) Explain how the presence of chloroplast in guard cell affect the opening of the stomata (5marks)

(ii) Describe how various environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis (15marks)

• a) (i) Explain the role of placenta during pregnancy(10 marks) ( KCSE 2021)
• ii) Explain features and mechanisms that hinder self pollination and self fertilization(10 marks)

b)( i) Describe how xylem is structurally adapted to its functions  (5marks)

(ii) Describe the functions of mammalian blood in the human body(15 marks)

• a i) Describe how plants eliminate waste products(8 marks; KCSE2022 )

ii)Describe the structure and function of mammalian nephron (12marks)

• b) i. Describe five tropic responses and their survival values (15marks)

ii)Describe how mammalian heartbeat is controlled                (5mks)

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Biology Paper 1 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2020 past papers

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Instructions to candidates

• Answer  all  the questions.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

Answer  all  the questions in the spaces provided.

• Name the taxonomic grouping that contains individuals with most similarities.   (1 mark)
• budding in yeast; (1 mark) 
• enlargement of the eye pupil in dim light.  (1 mark)
• Explain why there is no grass in most dense forests. (2 marks)
• State  one  structural difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane. (1 mark)

• Name the Kingdom to which the organism belongs. (1 mark)
• State the mode of nutrition for the organism. (1 mark)
• Name the part labelled E. (1 mark)
• State  two  functions of the part labelled E. (2 marks)
• State the importance of a well-developed blood capillary network in the alveoli. (1 mark)
• Name the genetic disorder in humans that is characterised by inability of blood to clot. (I mark)

• Account for the shape of the sketch made in (a) above. (2 marks)
• Explain why plants have lower respiratory rates compared to animals. (l mark)
• State  two  situations in plants when the rate of respiration rises more than normal. (2 marks)
• Explain why most plants growing in water-logged areas die before attaining maturity. (3 marks)

• the meaning of the term imbibition (1 mark)
• why the dry mass of the endosperm decreases while that of the embryo increases. (2 marks)
• State  two  characteristic features used to classify members of Class Coniferales. (2 marks) 

• Name the type of growth curve shown. (1 mark)
• Name the Phylum where members show the type of growth curve illustrated. (1 mark)
• State  two  limitations of using fossil records in retracing evolutionary history of living organisms.(2 marks)
• Describe cell biology as an evidence of organic evolution. (3 marks)

• Name the process that takes place around the 14th day. (1 mark))
• Name  two  hormones produced at the follicular phase. (2 marks)
• Under which two conditions would the cycle be interrupted? (2 marks)
• State  two  reasons why blood reaching the glomerulus is always under high pressure. (2 marks)
• the hormone that was deficient in the patient: (1 mark)
• the gland that produces the hormone named in (a) above; (1 mark) 
• the disease the individual was likely to be suffering from. (1 mark) 

• Name enzymes S and T. S (1 mark) T (1 mark)
• Name the part of the alimentary canal where enzyme T is likely to be found. (1 mark)
• Explain your answer in b(i) above. (2 marks)
• Explain the biological significance of completing a dose of antibiotics. (3 marks)
• State  two  reasons why females with Turners' Syndrome are infertile. (2 marks)) 
• Define the term "field of view" as used in microscopy. (1 mark)
• State  two  functions of the body tube of a light microscope. (2 marks)
• Give a reason why it is  not  advisable to use water in cleaning a microscope. (1 mark) 
• Explain the role of blood capillaries in thermoregulation. (2 marks)

• the hormone K (1 mark)
• gland L that produces ecdysone hormone (1 mark)
• State the role of ecdysone hormone in the growth and development of insects. (1 mark)
• Name process M (1 mark)
• Account for the rapid increase in size of organisms immediately after moulting. (2 marks)
• Explain why the leaf of a sisal plant has a thick and shiny cuticle. (2 marks)
• Explain why an individual with blood group AB can only donate blood to an individual with the same blood group. (2 marks)

• process N (1 mark)
• polysaccharide p (1 mark)
• State  two  conditions necessary for the formation of compound Q. (2 marks)
• State  two  environmental conditions necessary for process N to take place. (2 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

• (Asexual) reproduction; Rej sexual
• Irritability/ Response (to stimulus) /Sensitivity
• Form canopies/shadows/shade; which prevent light from reaching grass; grass die/fail to flourish due to their inability to photosynthesis; 
• Cell wall is (fully) permeable while cell membrane is semi-permeable. (cell wall has larger pores while cell membrane has smaller pores)
• Cell wall is (mainly) made up of cellulose (fibres) while cell membrane has a (double) protein layer sandwiching a lipid layer; Acc. lipoprotein
• Cell wall is rigid, tougher ( cannot burst) while cell membrane is weaker (bursts)
• Fungi; Acc. fungi
• Saprophytism/saprophytic/food on dead decaying (organic) matter; Rej. Saprophyte
• Hypha/Hyphae; Acc. mycelium Rhizoids
• Secretes digestive enzymes(for external digestion); 
• Anchors the organism/mushroom (firmly) onto the substrate. Acc. anchorage.
• Absorbs digested food materials/Absorbs water and mineral salts/ions.
• Increases the surface area for (efficient) exchange/transport of respiratory gases ( oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide)
• Haemophilia; Acc. Hemophilia

• The rate of diffusion increases with the increase in temperature; Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of the (diffusing) molecules (increasing the rate of diffusion).
• Plants are less active than animals, hence require lower amount of energy than animals.
• During germination (to generate energy required for the process.
• During rapid growth/cell division (at the tips of roots/shoots).
• During active uptake/transport of substances (through the roots).
• Waterlogging submerges the plant root system; Cutting off supply of oxygen to the roots/soil surrounding the roots.
• (Aerobic) respiration in the roots is hampered
• active uptake/transport of materials is affected (leading to the death of the affected plants).
• K- Ulna L- Radius
• (Rapid) absorption of water by (germinating) seed (through the micropyle/seed coat).
• During germination, stored food in the endosperm is broken down/hydrolyzed/oxidized; to provide nutrients for the growing embryo.
• Presence of cones
• Naked seeds, seeds not enclosed in fruits
• Xerophytic characteristics/needle-like leaves/ thick waxy cuticle/sunken stomata.
• Intermittent/staircase (growth curve)
• arthropoda; correctly spelt Acc. arthropoda/Athropoda/athropoda    Rej. Anthropoda/ anthropoda
• Missing links due to complete decomposition of some organisms.  Acc. some parts decomposing
• Distortion of parts during sedimentation.
• Destruction of fossils by geological activities (earthquakes/faulting/mass movement of earth surfaces/volcanicity) 
• Presence of similar cell organelles ( mitochondria, ribosomes,lysosomes);
• Similar biological chemicals(ATP/proteins/DNA); 
• Similar blood pigmentation in tissues of some groups of animals show they have a common phytogenetic origin.
• Follicle stimulating hormone Rej. FSH
• Oestrogen/Estrogen
• Luteinizing hormone  Rej. LH
• (Drastic) change in weather/environment.
• Pregnancy/Implantation/Conception   Rej. fertilisation
• Emotional instability (anger, stress, anxiety).
• Renal artery branches directly from (dorsal) aorta whose blood under pressure
• Afferent arteriole/supplying blood is broader than efferent taking out blood.
• Diabetes mellitus    Rej. Diabetes alone
• S - Pepesin; Acc.  Chymosin/Rennin  Rej. Renin T- Trypsin
• In the duodenum, the medium is alkaline/basic; favouring the optimal working of the enzyme (T) as illustrated
• To completely kill/contain the (targeted) pathogens; Since failure to take full dose accords the pathogens an opportunity to develop resistance to the drug; the pathogen mutates(overtime) giving rise to a new strain; finally the drug becomes ineffective.
• They lack ovaries
• Have small uterus
• Less number of chromosomes.
• A circular area seen (on the stage) when focusing/viewing through the eyepiece of a microscope.
• Holds the revolving nose piece/objective lenses in place
• Holds the ocular/eyepiece (lens) in place
• To avoid rusting
• To avoid interference with visibility of the lens.
• Constrict during cold/low temperatures; to conserve heat
• Dilate during hot/high temperature; to facilitate heat loss
• Juvenile (hormone)
• prothoracic (gland)
• Ecdysone (hormone) causes metamorphosis; or causes the larval stage (of an insect to change/metamorphosize into pupa and pupa into adult.
• Complete Metamorphosis
• During moulting (the tough/hard impermeable) exoskeleton is shed; allowing the (soft permeable) larvae to take in air/water leading to rapid growth (which in turn results to increase in size of the organism).
• (Sisal is a xerophyte) the thick cuticle enables it to conserve water; reduce water loss;
• It is shiny to reflect light,minimizing evaporation by radiation.
• The individuals blood has both antigen A and B; which will coagulate/agglutimate with antibodies a and b; found in individuals with blood groups A,B and O; OWTTE
• Photosynthesis
• Respiratory enzymes
• Absence/little oxygen
• Optimum temperature
• Water/Moisture
• Carbon (IV) oxide

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160 Biology Essay Topics

For most science courses, assignments are generally lab-based and rarely require much writing. However, all of that changes in biology courses when detailed essays must be written to highlight a student’s understanding of the subject. These essays are highly technical, with specific comments required to meet the factual nature of the subject.

In addition to meeting the factual requirements needed to complete the assignment, biology essays must also be written in a writing style that is informative and authoritative rather than subjective and personal.

These detailed specifics of writing a biology essay can make completing the writing difficult from the very beginning. Fortunately, we’ve created this guide to help students learn how to write a biology essay. In addition, we’ve also included 160 biology essay topics to help inspire the creative writing process.

How to Write a Biology Essay?

Writing a biology essay starts with choosing a topic. If your teacher has not already assigned a specific topic, then students must choose one that is broad enough to find credible resources and specific enough that the research won’t overtake the writing process.

To select a suitable topic for a biology essay, consider the type of biology class you are taking, the current and previous chapters studied, and the overall context of the course. These factors will help you select a topic that is likely to be relevant to your teacher’s needs and to the passing of your course.

Once students have selected a suitable topic, it’s time to research credible resources that will support the subject. To do this successfully, students need to consider the following:

• What information is already known about this topic?
• What topics are related or similar to this topic?
• Who are credible authors that can explain this topic?
• What additional sources will provide me with the information needed to complete this assignment successfully?

For example, if you want to write a biology essay on protein synthesis and its regulation at the transcriptional level, research material would include books, articles, and other written works published by credible authors or publishers. While important, this material isn’t the only type of research that should be completed.

Students may also consider consulting medical and biology dictionaries, textbooks, online research databases such as PubMed or Medline, and professional organizations for biologists to find additional sources. Once the research has been completed, it’s time to create the first draft of the biology essay.

Biology Essay Introduction

Starting an essay is always the same. Students should open with a catchy hook statement that introduces an interesting fact, presents a unique perspective, or raises a thought-provoking question.

Once that sentence has been created, students can use the middle part of the introduction to introduce fundamental concepts and provide background details about the topic.

Once that information has been laid out, and the reader knows the necessary details to make the reading interesting and worthwhile, students should move into the final portion of the introduction that answers the question: WHY is this essay important? This question is answered in the form of a thesis statement that details the essay’s overall purpose.

Biology Essay Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of your essay will contain the bulk of your research. Be sure that each body paragraph meets the following requirements:

• One clear idea represented per paragraph or section
• Examples that back up the point of the paragraph
• A clear and logical flow between paragraphs with transition words

Make sure that the body paragraphs only contain information pertinent to the subject or topic. Avoid fluff or filler words and phrases that don’t add any substance or value to the writing.

The number of paragraphs in the body may vary depending on the assignment parameters and the essay style. For example, an essay with a 1000 word limit won’t have as many body paragraphs as an essay with a high word count.

Additionally, a compare and contrast essay that examines the similarities and differences between two or more biology concepts may have more body paragraphs than an argumentative essay.

Biology Essay Conclusion

The final section of a biology essay is the conclusion. In this section, students need to summarize the major points of the essay and the overall purpose for writing it. The thesis should also be re-stated to recap what has been learned from the writing.

In addition to these sentences, students should include a final remark about their research and findings. This might be a thought that ties into the intro or another interesting angle that presents a new way of looking at your topic.

Once the conclusion is completed, students should edit and review their work. Make sure that the essay is free of grammar and spelling mistakes before submitting it for grading.

When it comes to choosing a biology essay topic, it is not always as easy as it seems. For students looking for help with writing a biology essay, we have compiled a list of 160 biology essay topics that will hopefully give you some great ideas.

Biology Essay Topics About Animals

• What is the importance of bats in our ecosystem?
• What is the difference between a domesticated cat and a wildcat?
• How do animals adapt to their environments?
• What are the various types of symbiotic relationships found in nature?
• Which animals have been known to show altruism towards other species?
• What impact does human activity have on animal behavior?
• What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of zoos?
• How do animal brains work?
• What is an animal’s anatomical structure like?
• What are some symbiotic relationships between humans and animals?
• What is the difference between herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and insectivores?
• Why are having pets important to humans?
• What are the positive and negative impacts of commercial farming on animals?
• Do you think it is acceptable to keep pets in zoos? Why or why not?
• What are some common misconceptions about cats, dogs, rodents, cows, sheep, horses, reptiles/fish/insects?
• How do animal bones support their body structure?
• What are the effects of humans on the natural habitats of animals?
• What are some ways in which animal anatomy is similar to human biology?
• What are some symbiotic relationships found in the animal kingdom?
• Can humans and animals communicate with each other?
• How do different types of animal cells function differently than human cells?
• Why do some animals see better in the dark?
• Explain the circulatory system of cold-blooded animals and how it differs from that of warm-blooded animals.
• What are some examples of mimicry in nature?

Biology Essay Topics About Cellular Biology

• How does cell theory apply to cellular biology?
• What is mitosis, and where does it take place?
• What are the different parts of a cell?
• What is a nucleolus?
• What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
• How do viruses affect our cells?
• How does photosynthesis work?
• Why is it important to study cellular biology as a foundation for other disciplines of biology?
• What are the functions of organelles in cells?
• What is anabolism and catabolism?
• How do plants use photosynthesis to produce sugar while animals break down food for energy?
• Describe the process of homeostasis and explain how the human body maintains its internal environment.
• What are the important parts of a cell?
• How do cells reproduce?
• What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
• What is the importance of cellular research to humans?
• Explain mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles in plant cells.
• What are some of the problems with using stem cells in medical research?
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?
• How do humans reproduce sexually?
• Why is it different to clone plants than animals?
• What are some important functions of membranes in cells?
• What is the significance of mass spectrometry to molecular biology and genetics?
• How do viruses reproduce?
• What are mitochondria responsible for in eukaryotic cells?
• What is the difference between a plasmid and a virus?
• Do you think cloning animals should be allowed? Why or why not?
• What is a cell cycle?
• How do diseases affect the structure and function of cells?
• What are some ethical issues with genetic engineering?
• What is cell division, and how does it work?
• Where does meiosis occur in the body, and what does it accomplish?
• Explain the structure and function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.
• What is a cell membrane made up of, and what are its important structural components?
• How do antibiotics affect bacterial cells?
• Do you think cloning humans should be allowed? Why or why not?
• What makes up the cytoskeleton?
• How are molecular structures related to the functions of cells?
• What are some examples of biomolecules necessary for cell function and survival?
• What types of molecules make up an organism’s genome?

Biology Essay Topics About the Ecosystem

• What does the term food web mean?
• Why is it important to study population dynamics in an ecosystem?
• How do humans affect other species and their environments?
• How can we prevent and control invasive species, and why are they so dangerous?
• What effects does pollution have on animals and their habitats?
• How do global warming and climate change affect the ecosystem?
• What are the different types of animals found in ecosystems?
• What happens to an ecosystem when one species becomes extinct?
• What is the difference between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem?
• How do humans feed off other species to survive?
• Describe how the r-selected life strategy works.
• What are some examples of symbiosis found in nature?
• How does biodiversity affect the structure, function, and survival of ecosystems?
• How does the stability of an ecosystem depend on biodiversity?
• What are trophic levels, and how do they function to maintain the structure of ecosystems?
• Why are invasive species dangerous?
• How do global climate changes and human activities affect the biodiversity of ecosystems?
• What types of organisms thrive in wetlands?
• How do humans benefit from studying ecosystems?
• What ecosystems are best suited to rapid climate change?

Biology Essay Topics About Evolution

• Is evolution strictly a scientific theory, or is it also valid spiritually?
• Why is research about the evolution of life important to our understanding of the past?
• What are some examples of convergent evolution?
• How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
• Why is it important for people to understand evolution and its role in biology?
• What are some benefits that humans enjoy thanks to evolution?
• How do mass extinctions impact the evolution of different species?
• How does a mutation affect a population’s gene pool and diversity?
• Explain the core principles of Darwin’s theory of evolution.
• How does an organism’s ability to respond to environmental changes contribute to its rate of evolution?
• What is polyphyletic evolution?
• What are some examples of vestigial traits in humans and other species?
• How do eco-evolutionary dynamics play a role in evolution?
• Do you think that past mass extinction events had an impact on evolution? Why or why not?
• What are some benefits humans enjoy thanks to evolution by natural selection?
• How could modern-day diets affect the evolutionary growth of humans?
• What animals have had evolutionary changes based on threats to their diets?
• What evolutionary response makes for the best camouflage?
• What types of traits can be used to differentiate between closely related species?
• What are the main factors that prevent a population from evolving?
• How is artificial selection different from natural selection?
• Why do scientists still debate about evolutionary theory despite overwhelming evidence supporting it?
• What are some examples of convergent evolution in nature, and how do they function as an adaptation?
• Why is research about the evolution of life important to understanding the past?

Biology Essay Topics About Genetics

• What is genetic drift, and how can it lead to changes in a population over time?
• How do the different parts of DNA interact with each other?
• How are dominant and recessive traits identified?
• What are some examples of genetic disorders?
• What causes Down syndrome, and how is it diagnosed in children?
• How does natural selection act on mutations to create variation in a population?
• Can scientists use DNA testing to learn about our ancestors’ migratory patterns and where they lived?
• How can animal migration help us to better understand genetics?
• Define molecular genetics and explain how it relates to classical and Mendelian genetics.
• What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and why is it important in population genetics?
• Do you believe that scientists should clone human beings? Why or why not?
• Why are dominant traits sometimes called masking genes?
• Why is genetic diversity important for long-term species survival?
• How are epigenetic changes related to evolution?
• What is the difference between gene expression and gene activity with regards to genetics?
• How do developmental genes affect the appearance of an organism throughout its life cycle?
• How have animal and plant breeders used genetic engineering to produce certain types of hybrids?
• What are the ethical implications of human cloning?
• What are the latest technologies in genetic engineering?
• What new technologies are needed to make human cloning a reality?
• How are living organisms adapting to the presence of plastics in our environment?
• Why are some individuals resistant to certain genetically programmed diseases?
• What are three common misconceptions about genetic engineering?
• What is transgenic technology, and how can it be used for disease prevention or treatment?
• How do microorganisms impact human health and the environment?
• What are some examples of a genetically modified organism?
• How does natural selection impact microorganisms?
• What is DNA profiling, and how can it help to solve crimes or return missing persons to their families?
• Why do scientists need more research surrounding epigenetics before drawing conclusions on its effects on evolution?

Biology Essay Topics About the Human Body

• What is the purpose of skeletal and respiratory systems?
• How do hormones affect our body on a daily basis?
• How does the endocrine system work as part of an overall regulatory system in the human body?
• What are some different types of cells found in the human body?
• What are the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands?
• What are stem cells, and why are they important to biological research?
• How do muscles work together to create movement in our bodies?
• How do bones help us to maintain balance while walking, standing up straight, and running?
• What are some ways that human behavior can impact our bodies?
• How do foods with high sugar content affect the digestive system?
• What organs are no longer necessary in the human body, and why?
• What blood types offer better protection from the elements?
• What are mosquitoes attracted to some humans and not to others?
• What pheromones do humans give off?
• What are the different types of blood cells?
• How does healthy eating help to maintain digestive health?
• Why do some people get migraines that others don’t seem to be bothered by?
• What is the pH level of human blood, and how can it be carefully regulated?
• How does altitude affect respiration in humans?
• What is the most complicated system in the human body?
• Explain the biological purposes of “Fight or Flight.”
• What role does the immune system play in human health?
• What is the difference between human anatomy and physiology?

Choosing any of these 160 biology essay topics will help students craft an informative and authoritative essay that is sure to earn them a passing grade.

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Biology Essay Topics: 50+ Ideas for Your Next Project

by  Antony W

December 16, 2023

A Biological essay is a technical piece of assignment that requires careful topic selection, structure, and writing. So if your teacher hasn’t given you a title for the essay , you should tread carefully when choosing topics.

In this post, we share with you a list of 50+ Biology related ideas, which you may find useful and equally interesting during the brainstorming stage. You can use the list as inspiration to come up with a topic of your choice, or you can pick of these examples and modify it to your liking.

Key Takeaways 

• Because Biology is a broad subject, you should choose a topic that focuses on an interesting theme or an area that you’ve always wanted to explore.
• Check the Biology assignment prompt for guidelines on what you have to do, as these are the instructions that will inform your essay.
• Share the topic with your teacher first, so they can give you their opinion on whether it’s a suitable one to research.

50+ Best Biology Essay Topics

Below is a list of 50+ topics that you just might find useful and interesting enough to explore in your Biology essay:

Human Biology Essay Topics

• How does the mouse serve as a model for understanding human biology?
• What defines the secular trend observed in human physical growth over time?
• The significant role of medicinal plants in human life and health
• Understanding the characteristics of human biorhythms and their implications
• The interconnected circles of human blood circulation and the relationship between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
• How do neurons interact within nerve centers, and what impact does this have?
• The influence of parental smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse on the embryonic development of a child

Controversial Biology Essay Topics

• What are the leading theories on how life initially emerged on Earth?
• Is there evidence suggesting that plants might experience something akin to pain?
• Can we determine if animals possess consciousness? 
• To what extent is animal testing essential for achieving major biological breakthroughs?
• What defines the concept of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) in evolutionary biology?
• Where did eukaryotic life forms originate from and what evidence supports this?
• Are viruses considered living entities, and why or why not?
• What are the fundamental theories explaining the origins of the human species?
• Why has the mystery of brain function remained unsolved despite scientific advancements?
• Is it scientifically accurate to state that a fetus cannot feel pain?
• What is the current understanding of the status of Nano bacteria in biological research?

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Biology Extended Essay Topics

• How does a multicellular organism develop from a single cell?
• What are the defining characteristics of the regeneration process in living organisms?
• How does guided natural selection influence species’ evolution, and what are its implications?
• What structural and anatomical features differentiate mammals, using two representatives for comparison?
• How does catastrophe theory contribute to understanding the progression of life in nature?
• What are the biological aspects of pathogenesis in both animals and plants?
• How does self-regulation function within biological systems?
• Describe the processes involved in the reproduction and development of living systems.
• What are the fundamental organizational principles that sustain the biosphere?
• How do different forms of movement occur at the subcellular, cellular, and organism levels?

Cell Biology Essay Topics

• How do stem cells contribute to medical advancements?
• What pathways in cell biology offer promising approaches for treating Alzheimer’s disease?
• The primary research methods utilized in cell biology and how they contribute to scientific discoveries.
• How scientists study fixed objects and the insights that this approach provide. 
• The fundamental differences between DNA and RNA, and how do they function within cells.
• An overview of the structure and components that constitute a cell in biology

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Zoology Essay Topics

• What are the intricate migration patterns of birds and how do they navigate across vast distances?
• How primate language or communication systems resemble and differ from human language.
• Analyze how scientists analyze and manage the impact of invasive species on ecosystems.
• Explain how different species of animals communicate with each other.
• What historical evidence or scientific findings shed light on the domestication process of canines and its impact on their behavior and traits?
• Is there a correlation between brain size and the intelligence or cognitive abilities of different species?

Animal Research Essay Topics

• What factors contribute to the rising obesity rates among household pets?
• Ethical considerations surrounding the testing of beauty products on animals
• What cognitive functions do primates exhibit and how do these compare to human cognitive abilities?
• How do predators and prey adapt to their roles in the ecosystem and what strategies have evolved in this ongoing interaction?
• What variations exist in the vision of different animal species and how do these adaptations contribute to their survival?
• The implications of fishing practices on marine conservation efforts
• What are the consequences of removing animals from their natural habitats?

Botany Essay Topics

• What recent breakthroughs in plant research have significantly affected modern agricultural practices? 
• How do plants respond to various stressors and what physiological mechanisms enable them to adapt to adverse conditions?
• Elaborate on the structural diversity and different types of fungi.
• What recent discoveries or insights have emerged from the study of plant fossils and how do they contribute to our understanding of ancient plant life?
• How does the process of photosynthesis function in plants and what factors influence its efficiency and effectiveness?
• What are the mechanisms of genetic inheritance in plants and how do these mechanisms affect the traits and characteristics of plant species?
• What are some prevalent diseases or issues affecting plants and what methods are used to manage or prevent these problems?
• What unique characteristics define ferns, and what role do they play in the ecology and biodiversity of various habitats?

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About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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