20 page research paper outline

Tips for Online Students , Tips for Students

Hacks How to Write a 10 and 20 page Paper in One Night

Updated: July 15, 2022

Published: April 19, 2020

It’s the night before a big paper is due. For whatever reason, you find yourself needing to write an entire research paper in a very short amount of time. While procrastination isn’t ideal, extenuating circumstances may have caused your timeline to get pushed back. So, here you are, looking for how to write a 10-page paper or how to write a 20-page paper in one night.

It goes without saying the best way to write a paper is to give yourself enough time to outline, draft, and edit. Yet, it’s still possible to write in less time. Take heed of these best tips and tricks to organize your thoughts and get your thesis on paper as fast as possible.

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How to prepare before you write, 1. create a schedule to maximize your time.

You’ve likely already spent time panicking. Once you calm yourself of the anxiety of having to finish a 10- or 20-page paper in one night, organize your plan of attack. First, you should designate an area free of distractions so that you can focus. Aside from a few breaks and snacks, it’s best to set up a comfortable place to write. Give yourself some time to outline and find/cite research . Once you know how you’re going to approach the subject, then you can start drafting.

2. Determine your Main Topic

If you’ve been given a prompt, then your topic is clear. However, sometimes you have the freedom to choose what your research will be about. In this case, it’s smartest to choose a topic that you are already knowledgeable about. That way, you will save yourself key time that would have otherwise been spent on research. If you don’t feel strongly about any particular topic, then at least try to pick one that has a lot of information available.

3. Perform Research

Start looking up sources to cite that support your thesis, or main argument. As you research, be sure to take notes. One of the best ways to do this is to use a word processor like Google Docs or Microsoft Word to copy and paste URLs. For each source, it would be best to copy/paste one main sentence that covers its point.

Then, you can write brief notes in your own words that summarize what you have read from that source. While you are performing research, you can start to put together an outline, or the flow of how you will present your ideas broken down by topic and argument.

4. Outline 3-5 subtopics

Once you’ve chosen your topic, then try to pull 3-5 subtopics from it. Each sub-topic should be juicy enough to be able to write a lot about it. The subtopics are your supporting paragraphs which fill the body of the research paper. They should basically be mini essays within themselves.

Writing in One Night

Writing a long research paper in one night isn’t ideal, but it is doable. Some of the best ways to get it done is to follow these 5 tips:

1. Plan and Outline

Take those few extra moments to plan and outline your paper. While it may feel like a waste of valuable time, it is going to help you stay on track. When you have an outline and you get to the middle of your paper, you won’t feel lost as to how to continue. An outline will be useful to you like a map is on a journey.

2. Use Specialized Search

Take advantage of search tools that are designed for scholars. For example, a few of these include: Google Scholar and Elsevier .

3. Leverage Tools

There are citation management tools that will help you find sources for your topic. Mendeley is just one of them. You can type parts of your paper into the tool and find quotes of value. Be sure to cite everything you use to avoid plagiarism .

4. Proofread and Edit

Once you complete writing 10 to 20 pages, you may feel like throwing in the towel and going to sleep for a few hours. However, it is crucial to power through and proofread your paper. If you have anyone available who can read your paper over, that would be best because it’s hard to catch mistakes when you’ve been looking at the same thing for so long. But, if no one is available, try to read your paper back to yourself out loud. This way, you may be able to catch typos better.

5. Check Formatting

Every research paper needs to adhere to a particular format guideline. Whether it’s APA, MLA, or another standard formatting practice, be sure to double check that your layout adheres to the guidelines.

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When to start writing.

If you have yet to find yourself trying to write a paper at the last minute and all the notes above are scaring you out of procrastination, then that’s a good start! Perhaps you were recently assigned a research paper. In this case, the best way to tackle the project is to do the following:

Start Early

Get started right away. Even if it means just performing early research or writing an outline, starting early is going to save you from having to write a paper in one night down the line. When you start early, you benefit greatly because you can: leverage peers for ideas, take the necessary time to edit and rewrite, and you lower your risk of picking a topic with too little information and having to change topics at the last minute.

Writing in Stages

Starting early also affords you the opportunity to write in stages. You can think of writing as a cycle when you write in stages. First, you can create your outline. Then, you can write the introduction, edit it, and rewrite anything you may need to before moving on to the next piece (or the first body paragraph, in this case).

Use a Timeline

Create a timeline for your writing in stages. If you start four weeks in advance, for example, you have time to do all of the following:

• Fully understand the assignment and ask any questions
• Start to read and document sources
• Create notecards and cite books for sources
• Write a summary of what you’ve discovered so far that will be used in some of your paper
• Create 3-5 subtopics and outline points you want to explore
• Look for more sources on your subtopics
• Start writing summaries on each subtopic
• Write some analysis of your findings
• Start to piece together the research paper based on your notes and outline (almost like completing a puzzle)
• Edit and proofread / ask for feedback

The Writing Process

The actual writing process is a little different for everyone, but this is a general overview for how to write a 20-page paper, or one that is shorter.

• Start with a Thesis: Your thesis is one sentence that clearly and concisely explains what you are going to prove with research.
• Include a Menu Sentence: At the end of your introduction, you will briefly outline your subtopics in what is often referred to as a “menu sentence.” This allows the reader to understand what they can expect to learn about as they continue to read your paper.
• Create a Detailed Introduction: Your introduction should be detailed enough so that someone with little to no knowledge about your subject matter can understand what the paper is about.
• Keep References: Be sure to write your references as you go along so that you basically can create your bibliography in the process of writing. Again, this is where a tool like Mendeley may be useful.
• Write First: Write first and edit later. You want to get all your ideas down on the page before you start judging or editing the writing.
• Save Often: Create the draft on a cloud platform that is automatically saved (i.e. Google Docs in case your computer crashes) or email the work to yourself as you go.

The Breakdown of a 10-Page Paper

Sources to Consider Using

When writing your research paper and finding sources, it’s best to use a mix of sources. This may include:

• Internet: The Internet is filled with limitless possibilities. When you use the Internet, it’s best to find credible and trustworthy sources to avoid using fake news as a source. That’s why tools like Google Scholar can be so helpful.
• Textbooks: It’s more likely than not that you’ll be able to use your class textbook as a source for the research you are conducting.
• Books: Additionally, other books outside of those you read within your class will prove useful in any research paper.

Final Steps: Editing and Formatting

Once you’ve written all your ideas on the page, it’s time to edit. It cannot be stressed enough that editing is pivotal before submission. This is especially true if you’ve been writing under immense pressure.

Writing a 10- or 20-page research paper in one night is not easy, so there are bound to be mistakes and typos. The best way to catch these mistakes is to follow these tips:

• Take a break before you edit so you can come back to the page with somewhat fresh eyes and a clearer head
• Read it out loud to edit and catch mistakes because sometimes your brain will override typos or missing words to make sense of what it is reading
• If possible, ask someone else to look it over
• Consider using footnotes or block quotes
• Format according to how your university asks – MLA or APA, etc.

The Bottom Line

Life throws curveballs your way without warning. Whether you are holding yourself accountable for procrastinating or something out of your control came up, you may find yourself needing to write a big research paper in one night. It’s not the best-case scenario, but with the right tools and tricks up your sleeve, you can surely get it done!

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Getting started with your research paper outline

Levels of organization for a research paper outline

First level of organization, second level of organization, third level of organization, fourth level of organization, tips for writing a research paper outline, research paper outline template, my research paper outline is complete: what are the next steps, frequently asked questions about a research paper outline, related articles.

The outline is the skeleton of your research paper. Simply start by writing down your thesis and the main ideas you wish to present. This will likely change as your research progresses; therefore, do not worry about being too specific in the early stages of writing your outline.

A research paper outline typically contains between two and four layers of organization. The first two layers are the most generalized. Each layer thereafter will contain the research you complete and presents more and more detailed information.

The levels are typically represented by a combination of Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, uppercase letters, lowercase letters but may include other symbols. Refer to the guidelines provided by your institution, as formatting is not universal and differs between universities, fields, and subjects. If you are writing the outline for yourself, you may choose any combination you prefer.

This is the most generalized level of information. Begin by numbering the introduction, each idea you will present, and the conclusion. The main ideas contain the bulk of your research paper 's information. Depending on your research, it may be chapters of a book for a literature review , a series of dates for a historical research paper, or the methods and results of a scientific paper.

I. Introduction

II. Main idea

III. Main idea

IV. Main idea

V. Conclusion

The second level consists of topics which support the introduction, main ideas, and the conclusion. Each main idea should have at least two supporting topics listed in the outline.

If your main idea does not have enough support, you should consider presenting another main idea in its place. This is where you should stop outlining if this is your first draft. Continue your research before adding to the next levels of organization.

• A. Background information
• B. Hypothesis or thesis
• A. Supporting topic
• B. Supporting topic

The third level of organization contains supporting information for the topics previously listed. By now, you should have completed enough research to add support for your ideas.

The Introduction and Main Ideas may contain information you discovered about the author, timeframe, or contents of a book for a literature review; the historical events leading up to the research topic for a historical research paper, or an explanation of the problem a scientific research paper intends to address.

• 1. Relevant history
• 2. Relevant history
• 1. The hypothesis or thesis clearly stated
• 1. A brief description of supporting information
• 2. A brief description of supporting information

The fourth level of organization contains the most detailed information such as quotes, references, observations, or specific data needed to support the main idea. It is not typical to have further levels of organization because the information contained here is the most specific.

• a) Quotes or references to another piece of literature
• b) Quotes or references to another piece of literature

Tip: The key to creating a useful outline is to be consistent in your headings, organization, and levels of specificity.

• Be Consistent : ensure every heading has a similar tone. State the topic or write short sentences for each heading but avoid doing both.
• Organize Information : Higher levels of organization are more generally stated and each supporting level becomes more specific. The introduction and conclusion will never be lower than the first level of organization.
• Build Support : Each main idea should have two or more supporting topics. If your research does not have enough information to support the main idea you are presenting, you should, in general, complete additional research or revise the outline.

By now, you should know the basic requirements to create an outline for your paper. With a content framework in place, you can now start writing your paper . To help you start right away, you can use one of our templates and adjust it to suit your needs.

After completing your outline, you should:

• Title your research paper . This is an iterative process and may change when you delve deeper into the topic.
• Begin writing your research paper draft . Continue researching to further build your outline and provide more information to support your hypothesis or thesis.
• Format your draft appropriately . MLA 8 and APA 7 formats have differences between their bibliography page, in-text citations, line spacing, and title.
• Finalize your citations and bibliography . Use a reference manager like Paperpile to organize and cite your research.
• Write the abstract, if required . An abstract will briefly state the information contained within the paper, results of the research, and the conclusion.

An outline is used to organize written ideas about a topic into a logical order. Outlines help us organize major topics, subtopics, and supporting details. Researchers benefit greatly from outlines while writing by addressing which topic to cover in what order.

The most basic outline format consists of: an introduction, a minimum of three topic paragraphs, and a conclusion.

You should make an outline before starting to write your research paper. This will help you organize the main ideas and arguments you want to present in your topic.

• Consistency: ensure every heading has a similar tone. State the topic or write short sentences for each heading but avoid doing both.
• Organization : Higher levels of organization are more generally stated and each supporting level becomes more specific. The introduction and conclusion will never be lower than the first level of organization.
• Support : Each main idea should have two or more supporting topics. If your research does not have enough information to support the main idea you are presenting, you should, in general, complete additional research or revise the outline.

How Can You Create a Well Planned Research Paper Outline

You are staring at the blank document, meaning to start writing your research paper . After months of experiments and procuring results, your PI asked you to write the paper to publish it in a reputed journal. You spoke to your peers and a few seniors and received a few tips on writing a research paper, but you still can’t plan on how to begin!

Writing a research paper is a very common issue among researchers and is often looked upon as a time consuming hurdle. Researchers usually look up to this task as an impending threat, avoiding and procrastinating until they cannot delay it anymore. Seeking advice from internet and seniors they manage to write a paper which goes in for quite a few revisions. Making researchers lose their sense of understanding with respect to their research work and findings. In this article, we would like to discuss how to create a structured research paper outline which will assist a researcher in writing their research paper effectively!

Publication is an important component of research studies in a university for academic promotion and in obtaining funding to support research. However, the primary reason is to provide the data and hypotheses to scientific community to advance the understanding in a specific domain. A scientific paper is a formal record of a research process. It documents research protocols, methods, results, conclusion, and discussion from a research hypothesis .

Table of Contents

What Is a Research Paper Outline?

A research paper outline is a basic format for writing an academic research paper. It follows the IMRAD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). However, this format varies depending on the type of research manuscript. A research paper outline consists of following sections to simplify the paper for readers. These sections help researchers build an effective paper outline.

1. Title Page

The title page provides important information which helps the editors, reviewers, and readers identify the manuscript and the authors at a glance. It also provides an overview of the field of research the research paper belongs to. The title should strike a balance between precise and detailed. Other generic details include author’s given name, affiliation, keywords that will provide indexing, details of the corresponding author etc. are added to the title page.

2. Abstract

Abstract is the most important section of the manuscript and will help the researcher create a detailed research paper outline . To be more precise, an abstract is like an advertisement to the researcher’s work and it influences the editor in deciding whether to submit the manuscript to reviewers or not. Writing an abstract is a challenging task. Researchers can write an exemplary abstract by selecting the content carefully and being concise.

3. Introduction

An introduction is a background statement that provides the context and approach of the research. It describes the problem statement with the assistance of the literature study and elaborates the requirement to update the knowledge gap. It sets the research hypothesis and informs the readers about the big research question.

This section is usually named as “Materials and Methods”, “Experiments” or “Patients and Methods” depending upon the type of journal. This purpose provides complete information on methods used for the research. Researchers should mention clear description of materials and their use in the research work. If the methods used in research are already published, give a brief account and refer to the original publication. However, if the method used is modified from the original method, then researcher should mention the modifications done to the original protocol and validate its accuracy, precision, and repeatability.

It is best to report results as tables and figures wherever possible. Also, avoid duplication of text and ensure that the text summarizes the findings. Report the results with appropriate descriptive statistics. Furthermore, report any unexpected events that could affect the research results, and mention complete account of observations and explanations for missing data (if any).

6. Discussion

The discussion should set the research in context, strengthen its importance and support the research hypothesis. Summarize the main results of the study in one or two paragraphs and show how they logically fit in an overall scheme of studies. Compare the results with other investigations in the field of research and explain the differences.

7. Acknowledgments

Acknowledgements identify and thank the contributors to the study, who are not under the criteria of co-authors. It also includes the recognition of funding agency and universities that award scholarships or fellowships to researchers.

8. Declaration of Competing Interests

Finally, declaring the competing interests is essential to abide by ethical norms of unique research publishing. Competing interests arise when the author has more than one role that may lead to a situation where there is a conflict of interest.

Steps to Write a Research Paper Outline

• Write down all important ideas that occur to you concerning the research paper .
• Answer questions such as – what is the topic of my paper? Why is the topic important? How to formulate the hypothesis? What are the major findings?
• Add context and structure. Group all your ideas into sections – Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion/Conclusion.
• Add relevant questions to each section. It is important to note down the questions. This will help you align your thoughts.
• Expand the ideas based on the questions created in the paper outline.
• After creating a detailed outline, discuss it with your mentors and peers.
• Get enough feedback and decide on the journal you will submit to.
• The process of real writing begins.

Benefits of Creating a Research Paper Outline

As discussed, the research paper subheadings create an outline of what different aspects of research needs elaboration. This provides subtopics on which the researchers brainstorm and reach a conclusion to write. A research paper outline organizes the researcher’s thoughts and gives a clear picture of how to formulate the research protocols and results. It not only helps the researcher to understand the flow of information but also provides relation between the ideas.

A research paper outline helps researcher achieve a smooth transition between topics and ensures that no research point is forgotten. Furthermore, it allows the reader to easily navigate through the research paper and provides a better understanding of the research. The paper outline allows the readers to find relevant information and quotes from different part of the paper.

Research Paper Outline Template

A research paper outline template can help you understand the concept of creating a well planned research paper before beginning to write and walk through your journey of research publishing.

1. Research Title

A. Background i. Support with evidence ii. Support with existing literature studies

B. Thesis Statement i. Link literature with hypothesis ii. Support with evidence iii. Explain the knowledge gap and how this research will help build the gap 4. Body

A. Methods i. Mention materials and protocols used in research ii. Support with evidence

B. Results i. Support with tables and figures ii. Mention appropriate descriptive statistics

C. Discussion i. Support the research with context ii. Support the research hypothesis iii. Compare the results with other investigations in field of research

D. Conclusion i. Support the discussion and research investigation ii. Support with literature studies

E. Acknowledgements i. Identify and thank the contributors ii. Include the funding agency, if any

F. Declaration of Competing Interests

5. References

Download the Research Paper Outline Template!

Have you tried writing a research paper outline ? How did it work for you? Did it help you achieve your research paper writing goal? Do let us know about your experience in the comments below.

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Home » Research Paper Outline – Types, Example, Template

Research Paper Outline – Types, Example, Template

Table of Contents

By creating a well-structured research paper outline, writers can easily organize their thoughts and ideas and ensure that their final paper is clear, concise, and effective. In this article, we will explore the essential components of a research paper outline and provide some tips and tricks for creating a successful one.

Research Paper Outline

Research paper outline is a plan or a structural framework that organizes the main ideas , arguments, and supporting evidence in a logical sequence. It serves as a blueprint or a roadmap for the writer to follow while drafting the actual research paper .

Typically, an outline consists of the following elements:

• Introduction : This section presents the topic, research question , and thesis statement of the paper. It also provides a brief overview of the literature review and the methodology used.
• Literature Review: This section provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, theories, and concepts related to the research topic. It analyzes the existing research and identifies the research gaps and research questions.
• Methodology: This section explains the research design, data collection methods, data analysis, and ethical considerations of the study.
• Results: This section presents the findings of the study, using tables, graphs, and statistics to illustrate the data.
• Discussion : This section interprets the results of the study, and discusses their implications, significance, and limitations. It also suggests future research directions.
• Conclusion : This section summarizes the main findings of the study and restates the thesis statement.
• References: This section lists all the sources cited in the paper using the appropriate citation style.

Research Paper Outline Types

There are several types of outlines that can be used for research papers, including:

Alphanumeric Outline

This is a traditional outline format that uses Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, and lowercase letters to organize the main ideas and supporting details of a research paper. It is commonly used for longer, more complex research papers.

I. Introduction

• A. Background information
• B. Thesis statement
• 1 1. Supporting detail
• 1 2. Supporting detail 2
• 2 1. Supporting detail

III. Conclusion

• A. Restate thesis
• B. Summarize main points

Decimal Outline

This outline format uses numbers to organize the main ideas and supporting details of a research paper. It is similar to the alphanumeric outline, but it uses only numbers and decimals to indicate the hierarchy of the ideas.

• 1.1 Background information
• 1.2 Thesis statement
• 1 2.1.1 Supporting detail
• 1 2.1.2 Supporting detail
• 2 2.2.1 Supporting detail
• 1 2.2.2 Supporting detail
• 3.1 Restate thesis
• 3.2 Summarize main points

Full Sentence Outline

This type of outline uses complete sentences to describe the main ideas and supporting details of a research paper. It is useful for those who prefer to see the entire paper outlined in complete sentences.

• Provide background information on the topic
• State the thesis statement
• Explain main idea 1 and provide supporting details
• Discuss main idea 2 and provide supporting details
• Restate the thesis statement
• Summarize the main points of the paper

Topic Outline

This type of outline uses short phrases or words to describe the main ideas and supporting details of a research paper. It is useful for those who prefer to see a more concise overview of the paper.

• Background information
• Thesis statement
• Supporting detail 1
• Supporting detail 2
• Restate thesis
• Summarize main points

Reverse Outline

This is an outline that is created after the paper has been written. It involves going back through the paper and summarizing each paragraph or section in one sentence. This can be useful for identifying gaps in the paper or areas that need further development.

• Introduction : Provides background information and states the thesis statement.
• Paragraph 1: Discusses main idea 1 and provides supporting details.
• Paragraph 2: Discusses main idea 2 and provides supporting details.
• Paragraph 3: Addresses potential counterarguments.
• Conclusion : Restates thesis and summarizes main points.

Mind Map Outline

This type of outline involves creating a visual representation of the main ideas and supporting details of a research paper. It can be useful for those who prefer a more creative and visual approach to outlining.

• Supporting detail 1: Lack of funding for public schools.
• Supporting detail 2: Decrease in government support for education.
• Supporting detail 1: Increase in income inequality.
• Supporting detail 2: Decrease in social mobility.

Research Paper Outline Example

Research Paper Outline Example on Cyber Security:

A. Overview of Cybersecurity

• B. Importance of Cybersecurity
• C. Purpose of the paper

II. Cyber Threats

A. Definition of Cyber Threats

• B. Types of Cyber Threats
• C. Examples of Cyber Threats

III. Cybersecurity Measures

A. Prevention measures

• Anti-virus software
• Encryption B. Detection measures
• Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
• Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
• Security Operations Center (SOC) C. Response measures
• Incident Response Plan
• Business Continuity Plan
• Disaster Recovery Plan

IV. Cybersecurity in the Business World

A. Overview of Cybersecurity in the Business World

B. Cybersecurity Risk Assessment

C. Best Practices for Cybersecurity in Business

V. Cybersecurity in Government Organizations

A. Overview of Cybersecurity in Government Organizations

C. Best Practices for Cybersecurity in Government Organizations

VI. Cybersecurity Ethics

A. Definition of Cybersecurity Ethics

B. Importance of Cybersecurity Ethics

C. Examples of Cybersecurity Ethics

VII. Future of Cybersecurity

A. Overview of the Future of Cybersecurity

B. Emerging Cybersecurity Threats

C. Advancements in Cybersecurity Technology

VIII. Conclusion

A. Summary of the paper

B. Recommendations for Cybersecurity

• C. Conclusion.

IX. References

A. List of sources cited in the paper

B. Bibliography of additional resources

Introduction

Cybersecurity refers to the protection of computer systems, networks, and sensitive data from unauthorized access, theft, damage, or any other form of cyber attack. B. Importance of Cybersecurity The increasing reliance on technology and the growing number of cyber threats make cybersecurity an essential aspect of modern society. Cybersecurity breaches can result in financial losses, reputational damage, and legal liabilities. C. Purpose of the paper This paper aims to provide an overview of cybersecurity, cyber threats, cybersecurity measures, cybersecurity in the business and government sectors, cybersecurity ethics, and the future of cybersecurity.

A cyber threat is any malicious act or event that attempts to compromise or disrupt computer systems, networks, or sensitive data. B. Types of Cyber Threats Common types of cyber threats include malware, phishing, social engineering, ransomware, DDoS attacks, and advanced persistent threats (APTs). C. Examples of Cyber Threats Recent cyber threats include the SolarWinds supply chain attack, the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, and the Microsoft Exchange Server hack.

Prevention measures aim to minimize the risk of cyber attacks by implementing security controls, such as firewalls, anti-virus software, and encryption.

• Firewalls Firewalls act as a barrier between a computer network and the internet, filtering incoming and outgoing traffic to prevent unauthorized access.
• Anti-virus software Anti-virus software detects, prevents, and removes malware from computer systems.
• Encryption Encryption involves the use of mathematical algorithms to transform sensitive data into a code that can only be accessed by authorized individuals. B. Detection measures Detection measures aim to identify and respond to cyber attacks as quickly as possible, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), security information and event management (SIEM), and security operations centers (SOCs).
• Intrusion Detection System (IDS) IDS monitors network traffic for signs of unauthorized access, such as unusual patterns or anomalies.
• Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) SIEM combines security information management and security event management to provide real-time monitoring and analysis of security alerts.
• Security Operations Center (SOC) SOC is a dedicated team responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and responding to cyber threats. C. Response measures Response measures aim to mitigate the impact of a cyber attack and restore normal operations, such as incident response plans (IRPs), business continuity plans (BCPs), and disaster recovery plans (DRPs).
• Incident Response Plan IRPs outline the procedures and protocols to follow in the event of a cyber attack, including communication protocols, roles and responsibilities, and recovery processes.
• Business Continuity Plan BCPs ensure that critical business functions can continue in the event of a cyber attack or other disruption.
• Disaster Recovery Plan DRPs outline the procedures to recover from a catastrophic event, such as a natural disaster or cyber attack.

Cybersecurity is crucial for businesses of all sizes and industries, as they handle sensitive data, financial transactions, and intellectual property that are attractive targets for cyber criminals.

Risk assessment is a critical step in developing a cybersecurity strategy, which involves identifying potential threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences to determine the level of risk and prioritize security measures.

Best practices for cybersecurity in business include implementing strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, regularly updating software and hardware, training employees on cybersecurity awareness, and regularly backing up data.

Government organizations face unique cybersecurity challenges, as they handle sensitive information related to national security, defense, and critical infrastructure.

Risk assessment in government organizations involves identifying and assessing potential threats and vulnerabilities, conducting regular audits, and complying with relevant regulations and standards.

Best practices for cybersecurity in government organizations include implementing secure communication protocols, regularly updating and patching software, and conducting regular cybersecurity training and awareness programs for employees.

Cybersecurity ethics refers to the ethical considerations involved in cybersecurity, such as privacy, data protection, and the responsible use of technology.

Cybersecurity ethics are crucial for maintaining trust in technology, protecting privacy and data, and promoting responsible behavior in the digital world.

Examples of cybersecurity ethics include protecting the privacy of user data, ensuring data accuracy and integrity, and implementing fair and unbiased algorithms.

The future of cybersecurity will involve a shift towards more advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and quantum computing.

Emerging cybersecurity threats include AI-powered cyber attacks, the use of deepfakes and synthetic media, and the potential for quantum computing to break current encryption methods.

Advancements in cybersecurity technology include the development of AI and machine learning-based security tools, the use of blockchain for secure data storage and sharing, and the development of post-quantum encryption methods.

This paper has provided an overview of cybersecurity, cyber threats, cybersecurity measures, cybersecurity in the business and government sectors, cybersecurity ethics, and the future of cybersecurity.

To enhance cybersecurity, organizations should prioritize risk assessment and implement a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy that includes prevention, detection, and response measures. Additionally, organizations should prioritize cybersecurity ethics to promote responsible behavior in the digital world.

C. Conclusion

Cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern society, and organizations must prioritize cybersecurity to protect sensitive data and maintain trust in technology.

for further reading

X. Appendices

A. Glossary of key terms

B. Cybersecurity checklist for organizations

C. Sample cybersecurity policy for businesses

D. Sample cybersecurity incident response plan

E. Cybersecurity training and awareness resources

Note : The content and organization of the paper may vary depending on the specific requirements of the assignment or target audience. This outline serves as a general guide for writing a research paper on cybersecurity. Do not use this in your assingmets.

Research Paper Outline Template

• Background information and context of the research topic
• Research problem and questions
• Purpose and objectives of the research
• Scope and limitations

II. Literature Review

• Overview of existing research on the topic
• Key concepts and theories related to the research problem
• Identification of gaps in the literature
• Summary of relevant studies and their findings

III. Methodology

• Research design and approach
• Data collection methods and procedures
• Data analysis techniques
• Validity and reliability considerations
• Ethical considerations

IV. Results

• Presentation of research findings
• Analysis and interpretation of data
• Explanation of significant results
• Discussion of unexpected results

V. Discussion

• Comparison of research findings with existing literature
• Implications of results for theory and practice
• Limitations and future directions for research
• Conclusion and recommendations

VI. Conclusion

• Summary of research problem, purpose, and objectives
• Discussion of significant findings
• Contribution to the field of study
• Implications for practice
• Suggestions for future research

VII. References

• List of sources cited in the research paper using appropriate citation style.

Note : This is just an template, and depending on the requirements of your assignment or the specific research topic, you may need to modify or adjust the sections or headings accordingly.

Research Paper Outline Writing Guide

Here’s a guide to help you create an effective research paper outline:

• Choose a topic : Select a topic that is interesting, relevant, and meaningful to you.
• Conduct research: Gather information on the topic from a variety of sources, such as books, articles, journals, and websites.
• Organize your ideas: Organize your ideas and information into logical groups and subgroups. This will help you to create a clear and concise outline.
• Create an outline: Begin your outline with an introduction that includes your thesis statement. Then, organize your ideas into main points and subpoints. Each main point should be supported by evidence and examples.
• Introduction: The introduction of your research paper should include the thesis statement, background information, and the purpose of the research paper.
• Body : The body of your research paper should include the main points and subpoints. Each point should be supported by evidence and examples.
• Conclusion : The conclusion of your research paper should summarize the main points and restate the thesis statement.
• Reference List: Include a reference list at the end of your research paper. Make sure to properly cite all sources used in the paper.
• Proofreading : Proofread your research paper to ensure that it is free of errors and grammatical mistakes.
• Finalizing : Finalize your research paper by reviewing the outline and making any necessary changes.

When to Write Research Paper Outline

It’s a good idea to write a research paper outline before you begin drafting your paper. The outline will help you organize your thoughts and ideas, and it can serve as a roadmap for your writing process.

Here are a few situations when you might want to consider writing an outline:

• When you’re starting a new research project: If you’re beginning a new research project, an outline can help you get organized from the very beginning. You can use your outline to brainstorm ideas, map out your research goals, and identify potential sources of information.
• When you’re struggling to organize your thoughts: If you find yourself struggling to organize your thoughts or make sense of your research, an outline can be a helpful tool. It can help you see the big picture of your project and break it down into manageable parts.
• When you’re working with a tight deadline : If you have a deadline for your research paper, an outline can help you stay on track and ensure that you cover all the necessary points. By mapping out your paper in advance, you can work more efficiently and avoid getting stuck or overwhelmed.

Purpose of Research Paper Outline

The purpose of a research paper outline is to provide a structured and organized plan for the writer to follow while conducting research and writing the paper. An outline is essentially a roadmap that guides the writer through the entire research process, from the initial research and analysis of the topic to the final writing and editing of the paper.

A well-constructed outline can help the writer to:

• Organize their thoughts and ideas on the topic, and ensure that all relevant information is included.
• Identify any gaps in their research or argument, and address them before starting to write the paper.
• Ensure that the paper follows a logical and coherent structure, with clear transitions between different sections.
• Save time and effort by providing a clear plan for the writer to follow, rather than starting from scratch and having to revise the paper multiple times.

Advantages of Research Paper Outline

Some of the key advantages of a research paper outline include:

• Helps to organize thoughts and ideas : An outline helps to organize all the different ideas and information that you want to include in your paper. By creating an outline, you can ensure that all the points you want to make are covered and in a logical order.
• Saves time and effort : An outline saves time and effort because it helps you to focus on the key points of your paper. It also helps you to identify any gaps or areas where more research may be needed.
• Makes the writing process easier : With an outline, you have a clear roadmap of what you want to write, and this makes the writing process much easier. You can simply follow your outline and fill in the details as you go.
• Improves the quality of your paper : By having a clear outline, you can ensure that all the important points are covered and in a logical order. This makes your paper more coherent and easier to read, which ultimately improves its overall quality.
• Facilitates collaboration: If you are working on a research paper with others, an outline can help to facilitate collaboration. By sharing your outline, you can ensure that everyone is on the same page and working towards the same goals.

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Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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How to create a helpful research paper outline

Last updated

21 December 2023

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You need to structure your research paper in an orderly way that makes it easy for readers to follow your reasoning and supporting data. That's where a research paper outline can help.

Writing a research paper outline will help you arrange your ideas logically and allow your final paper to flow. It will make the entire process more manageable and help you work out which details to include and which are better left out.

• What is a research paper outline?

Write your research paper outline before starting your first draft. The outline provides a map of how you will structure your ideas throughout the paper. A research paper outline will help you to be more efficient when ordering the sections of your thesis, rather than trying to make structural changes after finishing an entire first draft.

An outline consists of the main topics and subtopics of your paper, listed in a logical order. The main topics will become the sections of your research paper, and the subtopics reveal the content you want to include or discuss under the main topics.

Under each subtopic, you can also jot down items you don't want to forget to include in your research paper, such as:

Topic ideas

Paragraph ideas

Direct quotes

Once you start listing these under your main topics, you can focus your thoughts as you plan and write the research paper using the evidence and data you collected and any additional information.

• Why use an outline?

If your research paper does not have a clear, logical order, readers may not understand the ideas you're trying to share, or they may lose interest and not bother to read the whole paper. An outline helps you structure your research paper so readers can easily connect the content, ideas, and theories you're trying to prove or maintain.

• Are there different kinds of research paper outlines?

Different kinds of research paper outlines might seem similar but have different purposes. You can select an outline type that provides a clear road map and thoroughly explores each point. 

Other types will help structure content logically or with a segmented flow and progression of ideas that align closely with the theme of your research.

• The 3 types of outlines

The three outline formats available to research paper writers are:

Alphanumeric or topic outlines

Sentence or full-sentence outlines

Decimal outlines

Let’s look at the differences between each type and see how one may be more beneficial than another, depending on the nature of your research.

This type of research paper outline allows you to segment main headings and subheadings with an alphanumeric arrangement.

The alphanumeric characters of Roman numerals, capital letters, numbers, and lowercase letters define the hierarchy of main topic headings, subtopic headings, and third- and fourth-tier subtopic headings. (e.g., I, A, 1, a)

This method uses minimal words to describe the main and subtopic headings. You'll mostly use this type of research paper outline to focus on the organization of the content while allowing you to review it for unrelated or irrelevant information.

Full-sentence outlines

You will format this type of research paper outline as an alphanumeric outline, using the same alphanumeric characters. However, it contains complete sentences rather than a few words for each main and subtopic heading.

This formatting method allows the writer to focus on looking for inaccuracies and inconsistencies in each point before starting the first draft.

Instead of using alphanumeric characters to define main headings, subheadings, and third- and fourth-tier subheadings, the decimal outline uses a decimal numbering system.

This system shows a logical progression of the content by using 1.0 for the main section heading (and 2.0, 3.0, etc., for subsequent sections), 1.1 for the subheading, 1.1.1 for a third-tier subheading, and 1.1.1.1 for the fourth-tier subheading.

The headings and subheadings will be just a few words, as in the alphanumerical research paper outline. Decimal outlines allow the writer to focus on the content's overall coherence, increasing your writing efficiency and reducing the time it takes to write your research paper.

• How to write a research paper outline

Before you begin your research paper outline, you need to determine your topic and gather your information. Let’s look at these steps first, then dive into how to write your outline.

1. Determine your topic

You'll need to establish a topic or the main point you intend to write about.

For example, you may want to research and write about whether influencers are the most beneficial way to promote products in your industry. This topic is the main point around which your essay will revolve.

2. Gather information

You'll need evidence, data, statistics, and facts to prove or disprove that influencers are the best method of promoting products in your industry.

You'll insert any of these things you collect to substantiate your findings into the outline to support your topic.

3. Determine the type of essay you'll be writing

There are many types of essays or research papers you can write. The kinds of essays include:

Argumentative: Builds logic and support for an argument

Cause and effect: Explains relationships between specific conditions and their results

Analytical: Presents a claim on what is being analyzed

Interpretive: Informative and persuasive explanations on how something is perceived

Experimental: Reports on experimental results and the reasoning behind the results

Review: Offers an understanding and analysis of primary sources on a given topic

Definition: Defines what a term or concept means

Persuasive: Uses logic and reason to show that one idea is more justified than another

Narrative: Tells a story of personal experience from the author’s point of view

Expository: Shows an objective view of a subject by exploring various angles

Descriptive: Describes objects, people, places, experiences, emotions, situations, etc.

Once you understand the essay format you are writing, you'll know how to structure your outline. 

4. Include basic sections

You'll begin to structure your outline using basic sections. Your main topic headings for these sections may include an introduction, multiple body paragraph sections, and a conclusion.

Once you establish the sections, you can insert the subtopics under each main topic heading.

5. Organize your outline

For example, if you're writing an argumentative essay taking the position that brand influencers (e.g., social media stars on Instagram or TikTok) are the best way to promote products in your industry, you will argue for that particular position.

You'll organize your argumentative essay outline with a main topic section supporting the position. The subtopics will include the reasoning behind your arguments, and the third-tier subtopics will contain the supporting evidence and data you gathered during your research.

You'll add another main topic section to counter and respond to any opposing arguments. Once you've organized and included all the information in this way, this will provide the structure to start your argumentative essay draft.

6. Consider compare-and-contrast essays

A compare-and-contrast essay is a form of essay that analyzes the differences between two opposing theories or subjects. If you have multiple subjects that are the same or different in just one aspect, you can write a point-by-point outline exploring each subject in terms of this characteristic.

The main topic headings will list that one characteristic, and the subtopic headings will list the subjects or items that are the same or different in relation to this characteristic.

Conversely, if you have multiple items to compare, but they have many characteristics that are similar or different, you can write a block method outline. The main topic headings will contain the items to be compared, while the subtopic headings will contain the aspects in which they are similar or different.

7. Consider advanced organizers for longer essays

An advanced organizer is a sentence that introduces new topics by connecting already-known information to new information. It can also prepare the reader for what they may expect to learn from the entire essay, or each section or paragraph.

Incorporating advanced organizers makes it easier for the reader to process and understand the information you are trying to convey. If you choose to use advanced organizers, depending on how often you want to use them throughout your paper, you can add them to your outline at the end of the introduction, the beginning of a section, or the beginning of each paragraph. 

• Do outlines need periods (full stops)?

If you're constructing alphanumerical or decimal topic outlines, they do not need periods because the entries are usually not complete sentences. However, outlines containing full sentences will need to be punctuated as any sentence is, including using periods.

• An example research paper outline

Here is an example of an alphanumerical outline that argues brand influencers are the best method of promoting products in a particular industry:

I.  Introduction

    A.  Background information about the issue and the position being argued.

    B.  Thesis statement: Influencers are the best way to promote products in this industry.

II.  Reasons that support the thesis statement

    A.  Reason or argument #1

           1.  Supporting evidence

           2.  Supporting evidence

    B.  Reason or argument #2

    C.  Reason or argument #3

          1.  Supporting evidence

          2.  Supporting evidence

III. Counterarguments and responses

       A.  Arguments from the other point of view

       B.  Rebuttals against those arguments

IV.  Conclusion

• How long is a thesis outline?

There is no set length for a research paper outline or thesis outline. Your outline can be as long as it needs to be to organize your thoughts constructively.

You can start with a short outline containing an introduction , background, methodology, data and analysis, and conclusion. Or you can break these sections into more specific segments according to the content you want to share.

Why make writing a research paper more complicated than it needs to be? Knowing the elements of an outline and how to insert them into a cohesive structure will make your final paper understandable and interesting to the reader.

Understanding how to outline a research paper will make the writing process more efficient and less time-consuming.

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APA Research Paper Outline: Examples and Template

Table of contents

• 1 Why Is Research Paper Format Necessary?
• 2.1 Purpose of research paper outline
• 2.2 APA outline example
• 3.1 APA paper outline example
• 3.2 Introduction:
• 3.4 Conclusion:
• 4 The Basic APA Outline Format
• 5 APA Style Outline Template Breakdown
• 6.1 APA Research Paper Outline Example
• 6.2 APA Paper Outline Format Example
• 7.1 First Paragraph: Hook and Thesis
• 7.2 Main Body
• 7.3 Conclusion
• 7.4 Decimal APA outline format example
• 7.5 Decimal APA outline format layout
• 8.1 A definite goal
• 8.2 Division
• 8.3 Parallelism
• 8.4 Coordination
• 8.5 Subordination
• 8.6 Avoid Redundancy
• 8.7 Wrap it up in a good way
• 8.8 Conclusion

Formatting your paper in APA can be daunting if this is your first time. The American Psychological Association (APA) offers a guide or rules to follow when conducting projects in the social sciences or writing papers. The standard APA fromat a research paper outline includes a proper layout from the title page to the final reference pages. There are formatting samples to create outlines before writing a paper. Amongst other strategies, creating an outline is the easiest way to APA format outline template.

Why Is Research Paper Format Necessary?

Consistency in the sequence, structure, and format when writing a research paper encourages readers to concentrate on the substance of a paper rather than how it is presented. The requirements for paper format apply to student assignments and papers submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed publication. APA paper outline template style may be used to create a website, conference poster, or PowerPoint presentation . If you plan to use the style for other types of work like a website, conference poster, or even PowerPoint presentation, you must format your work accordingly to adjust to requirements. For example, you may need different line spacing and font sizes. Follow the formatting rules provided by your institution or publication to ensure its formatting standards are followed as closely as possible. However, to logically structure your document, you need a research paper outline in APA format. You may ask: why is it necessary to create an outline for an APA research paper?

Concept & Purposes of Research Paper Outline

A path, direction, or action plan! Writing short essays without a layout may seem easy, but not for 10,000 or more words. Yet, confusing a table of contents with an outline is a major issue. The table of contents is an orderly list of all the chapters’ front matter, primary, and back matter. It includes sections and, often, figures in your work, labeled by page number. On the other hand, a research APA-style paper outline is a proper structure to follow.

Purpose of research paper outline

An outline is a formalized essay in which you give your own argument to support your point of view. And when you write your apa outline template, you expand on what you already know about the topic. Academic writing papers examine an area of expertise to get the latest and most accurate information to work on that topic. It serves various purposes, including:

• APA paper outline discusses the study’s core concepts.
• The research paper outlines to define the link between your ideas and the thesis.
• It provides you with manageable portions that you can handle.
• The research paper’s APA outline enables the detection of structural faults or gaps.
• As shown in the example, it must clearly comprehend the subject at hand.

APA outline example

This research paper outline example will guide you in formatting the layout for a clear direction to work on. It eliminates the inconsistency along with lacking proper substance in the paper.

Understanding the APA Outline Format

It would not be wrong to say there is no standard outline format. The official publishing handbook does not give precise guidelines for preparing an outline. But, it requires certain basic guidelines to follow regarding typeface, font size, structure, margins, etc.

APA paper outline example

Moreover, the final shape of your work relies on your instructor’s specifications and your particular preferences for APA citation format. Though, it would be better to follow some standards for formatting your outline, for instance:

Times New Roman is a widely accessible standard typeface for an APA essay format in 12-point font. However, serif and sans serif fonts like Arial and Georgia are acceptable in font size 11pt.

The text of your paper format should be double-spaced.

The primary headlines use Roman and Arabic numerals to write an outline.

Headings & Subheadings

While writing an APA essay, there are particular standards for utilizing headings in your outline: I – Main headings are numbered by Roman numerals like I, II, III, IV A  – Subheadings are numbered with Capital letters (A, B, C, D) 1  – The APA outline uses Arabic numerals (1-9 type numbers) within those subheadings. a  – Below Arabic number subheadings, lower-case letters are used (a, b, a). [1] – Headings below those subheadings use Arabic numbers enclosed in parenthesis.

APA format offers a standard layout for each paper, such as

• 1-inch margins on the top, bottom, left, and right.
• The page number on the upper right corner.

The structure of writing an outline consists of three major sections:

• Introduction

Introduction:

This section highlights crucial background information.

Explain the primary points that support your ideas.

Conclusion:

• Summarize your key arguments.
• Explain how these concepts support your ultimate stance, as shown in APA outline example below.

An outline in APA has three common formats that vary in the numeric sequence of all. To make it easier for you, we have compiled all three templates. You can format your document using these examples for added coherence and structure.

The Basic APA Outline Format

APA Style Outline Template Breakdown

Numbering the APA style format follows five levels of headings that use different alphabets and numbers. For instance, I – Headings use Roman numerals like I, II, and III. A – CAPITAL ALPHABETS”, such as A, B, C, etc. 1 – Headings and subheadings use Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3). a – If there are further headings (the fourth level), use lower-case alphabets. [1] – Headings below that (the fifth level) use Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses, such as [1], [2], [3].

Full Sentence Outline Format

As the name specifies, the full-sentence style outline format requires every line to be a proper sentence. Full-sentence APA style outline is best recommended for essays and speeches. It gives your writing process an idea or a logical path to follow.

APA Research Paper Outline Example

If you are looking for how to write a research paper outline APA in Full Sentence Format, here is an example:

Full Sentence APA format heading utilizes Roman numerals I, II, and III. Every heading must be a full sentence. Here is an APA style paper outline template for the full-sentence format that will clear all your confusion on how to write an outline in full-sentence format.

APA Paper Outline Format Example

I. Introduction

III. Conclusion

Decimal Outline Format

The decimal outline format for APA research papers differs from other formats. The decimal APA style is simple and uses paragraphs for structure. It contains three main paragraphs, introduction, main body, and conclusion.

First Paragraph: Hook and Thesis

• The first paragraph is a sentence or two that introduces the central concept of your article.
• Introduce your topic or subject of study where your research is applicable as a context for further research.
• Explain why the mentioned issue is essential or relevant to the audience.
• A thesis statement is a claim that you make throughout your whole essay.
• The topic phrase is the first point in any writing to support a thesis statement.
• Give an explanation or provide evidence to support your point.
• Provide verifiable facts, figures, and/or citations from credible sources in your writing. It helps in the substantiating assertion.
• Include as many supporting statements and related evidence in your decimal outline.

Finally, when you write an outline, provide a concluding remark to support your claims.

Decimal APA outline format example

1.0 The main heading 1.1 Subheading under the main heading 1.2 Second digit is represented by subheadings under the main headings 1.2.1 Further division adds another digit in decimal format 1.2.2 You can number them as per the number of paragraphs or points, or lines An easy way to write in decimal APA outline format is to remember the structure, i.e.; 1.1.1 = Heading.Paragraph.Sentence/point under paragraph.”

Decimal APA outline format layout

1.0 Main heading 1.1 First paragraph for first heading. 1.2 Second paragraph for first heading. 1.2.1 First point or sentence for the second paragraph. 2.0 Second heading 2.1 Second heading, first paragraph. 2.2 Second heading, second paragraph. 2.2.1 Second, heading, second paragraph, first sentence, or point. 3.0 Decimal working 3.1 You must remember that each digit represents a segment. 3.2 It is easier to remember the placement of numbers. 3.2.1 First digit represents the heading 3.2.2 Second digit represents the paragraph under the main heading <3.2.3 The third digit represents any point or sentence under the paragraph.

Tips for Writing an Outline: Organize Your Ideas

You may feel it is easier to write without outlines, but once you start writing, organizing your ideas or thoughts becomes hard. Even if you have some fantastic ideas, producing an engaging story is practically hard. If you are not first creating an outline or conceptual guides while writing a research paper, you may lose track. A well-written outline is essential in completing your paper and maintaining quality. Establishing your point in paper writing is easy if you create an outline first. You can find an APA research paper outline template that best suits your requirement. Moreover, these tips can help you polish your writing. These tips and sample papers can help you write outstanding outlines without making any hassle.

A definite goal

For better expression, make a list of primary objectives on a title page in a single phrase or less. Your goal should be specific and measurable. If it is too broad or imprecise, you will not achieve anything. If you are working on a large paper format that covers a variety of themes or topics, you may have a more general purpose in mind. But, if you plan to write an essay, the aim should be as specific and clear as possible to be effective.

Breaking things up rather than allowing them to become verbose is known as the division rule. Make sure that each subsection in the document corresponds to its parent heading. If it doesn’t compare to the section, removing it or moving it to another location is better.

Parallelism

It is mainly related to the consistency and structure of the document. It keeps your paper’s layout tidy and also ensures relevancy. For instance, if you begin one heading with a verb, make sure all other headings and subheadings also start with a verb.

Coordination

Having headings aligned is critical to creating a well-organized outline. This rule also applies to subheadings, which is a good thing. If one title is less important than another, consider changing your layout by incorporating it into a subsection instead.

Subordination

Subordination deals with maintaining a connection between your paper’s headings and subheadings. It helps in the proper sequencing of headings and subheadings. Headings should be broad at the outset. At the same time, the subheadings become more particular as they go further into the document.

Avoid Redundancy

While writing a paper outline, look through it many times and cross out any items that aren’t necessary or have no significance. While outlining, make sure to be specific and concise. It will prevent you from adding information that does not supporting your final essay. Remove all the extra information and points while c that weighs you down while you write.

Wrap it up in a good way

Creating an outline does not only help in writing a coherent term paper, but it also helps in ending with precise understanding. Be considerate of your audience’s time and effort when you write an outline in APA, and ensure it serves its purpose. If you still have any doubts about formatting your paper outline, you can use this APA-style research paper outline template to write your document. We have provided Outline Format Example for every style.

People find it hard to write an outline in APA, but if you are aware of the requirements and structure, it’s no breeze. Sometimes, your instructor may alter your paper format by introducing or removing existing sections. As a result, if you come across any templates for an outline in APA, pay close attention to them. If you are looking for a quick answer to how to outline an APA paper, here’s a standard logical sequence of typical parts to include when writing an outline in APA:

• Thesis statement
• Techniques employed
• Body of paper
• Conclusions section
• List of references

A well-written outline is an excellent tool for presenting an outstanding paper. Including the key components while writing an outline for a research paper is necessary.

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An outline is a formal system used to develop a framework for thinking about what should be the organization and eventual contents of your paper. An outline helps you predict the overall structure and flow of a paper.

Why and How to Create a Useful Outline. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University.

Importance of...

Writing papers in college requires you to come up with sophisticated, complex, and sometimes very creative ways of structuring your ideas . Taking the time to draft an outline can help you determine if your ideas connect to each other, what order of ideas works best, where gaps in your thinking may exist, or whether you have sufficient evidence to support each of your points. It is also an effective way to think about the time you will need to complete each part of your paper before you begin writing.

A good outline is important because :

• You will be much less likely to get writer's block . An outline will show where you're going and how to get there. Use the outline to set goals for completing each section of your paper.
• It will help you stay organized and focused throughout the writing process and help ensure proper coherence [flow of ideas] in your final paper. However, the outline should be viewed as a guide, not a straitjacket. As you review the literature or gather data, the organization of your paper may change; adjust your outline accordingly.
• A clear, detailed outline ensures that you always have something to help re-calibrate your writing should you feel yourself drifting into subject areas unrelated to the research problem. Use your outline to set boundaries around what you will investigate.
• The outline can be key to staying motivated . You can put together an outline when you're excited about the project and everything is clicking; making an outline is never as overwhelming as sitting down and beginning to write a twenty page paper without any sense of where it is going.
• An outline helps you organize multiple ideas about a topic . Most research problems can be analyzed from a variety of perspectives; an outline can help you sort out which modes of analysis are most appropriate to ensure the most robust findings are discovered.
• An outline not only helps you organize your thoughts, but it can also serve as a schedule for when certain aspects of your writing should be accomplished . Review the assignment and highlight the due dates of specific tasks and integrate these into your outline. If your professor has not created specific deadlines, create your own deadlines by thinking about your own writing style and the need to manage your time around other course assignments.

How to Structure and Organize Your Paper. Odegaard Writing & Research Center. University of Washington; Why and How to Create a Useful Outline. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Lietzau, Kathleen. Creating Outlines. Writing Center, University of Richmond.

Structure and Writing Style

I.   General Approaches

There are two general approaches you can take when writing an outline for your paper:

The topic outline consists of short phrases. This approach is useful when you are dealing with a number of different issues that could be arranged in a variety of different ways in your paper. Due to short phrases having more content than using simple sentences, they create better content from which to build your paper.

The sentence outline is done in full sentences. This approach is useful when your paper focuses on complex issues in detail. The sentence outline is also useful because sentences themselves have many of the details in them needed to build a paper and it allows you to include those details in the sentences instead of having to create an outline of short phrases that goes on page after page.

II.   Steps to Making the Outline

A strong outline details each topic and subtopic in your paper, organizing these points so that they build your argument toward an evidence-based conclusion. Writing an outline will also help you focus on the task at hand and avoid unnecessary tangents, logical fallacies, and underdeveloped paragraphs.

• Identify the research problem . The research problem is the focal point from which the rest of the outline flows. Try to sum up the point of your paper in one sentence or phrase. It also can be key to deciding what the title of your paper should be.
• Identify the main categories . What main points will you analyze? The introduction describes all of your main points; the rest of  your paper can be spent developing those points.
• Create the first category . What is the first point you want to cover? If the paper centers around a complicated term, a definition can be a good place to start. For a paper that concerns the application and testing of a particular theory, giving the general background on the theory can be a good place to begin.
• Create subcategories . After you have followed these steps, create points under it that provide support for the main point. The number of categories that you use depends on the amount of information that you are trying to cover. There is no right or wrong number to use.

Once you have developed the basic outline of the paper, organize the contents to match the standard format of a research paper as described in this guide.

III.   Things to Consider When Writing an Outline

• There is no rule dictating which approach is best . Choose either a topic outline or a sentence outline based on which one you believe will work best for you. However, once you begin developing an outline, it's helpful to stick to only one approach.
• Both topic and sentence outlines use Roman and Arabic numerals along with capital and small letters of the alphabet arranged in a consistent and rigid sequence. A rigid format should be used especially if you are required to hand in your outline.
• Although the format of an outline is rigid, it shouldn't make you inflexible about how to write your paper. Often when you start investigating a research problem [i.e., reviewing the research literature], especially if you are unfamiliar with the topic, you should anticipate the likelihood your analysis could go in different directions. If your paper changes focus, or you need to add new sections, then feel free to reorganize the outline.
• If appropriate, organize the main points of your outline in chronological order . In papers where you need to trace the history or chronology of events or issues, it is important to arrange your outline in the same manner, knowing that it's easier to re-arrange things now than when you've almost finished your paper.
• For a standard research paper of 15-20 pages, your outline should be no more than few pages in length . It may be helpful as you are developing your outline to also write down a tentative list of references.

Muirhead, Brent. “Using Outlines to Improve Online Student Writing Skills.” Journal on School Educational Technology 1, (2005): 17-23; Four Main Components for Effective Outlines. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; How to Make an Outline. Psychology Writing Center. University of Washington; Kartawijaya, Sukarta. “Improving Students’ Writing Skill in Writing Paragraph through an Outline Technique.” Curricula: Journal of Teaching and Learning 3 (2018); Organization: Informal Outlines. The Reading/Writing Center. Hunter College; Organization: Standard Outline Form. The Reading/Writing Center. Hunter College; Outlining. Department of English Writing Guide. George Mason University; Plotnic, Jerry. Organizing an Essay. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Reverse Outline. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Reverse Outlines: A Writer's Technique for Examining Organization. The Writer’s Handbook. Writing Center. University of Wisconsin, Madison; Using Outlines. Writing Tutorial Services, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Indiana University; Writing: Considering Structure and Organization. Institute for Writing Rhetoric. Dartmouth College.

Writing Tip

A Disorganized Outline Means a Disorganized Paper!

If, in writing your paper, it begins to diverge from your outline, this is very likely a sign that you've lost your focus. How do you know whether to change the paper to fit the outline, or, that you need to reconsider the outline so that it fits the paper? A good way to check your progress is to use what you have written to recreate the outline. This is an effective strategy for assessing the organization of your paper. If the resulting outline says what you want it to say and it is in an order that is easy to follow, then the organization of your paper has been successful. If you discover that it's difficult to create an outline from what you have written, then you likely need to revise your paper.

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How to Write a Research Paper Outline

4-minute read

• 25th August 2023

Embarking on the journey of writing a research paper can be both exciting and overwhelming. However, you can navigate this process with clarity and confidence with a well-crafted research paper outline. An outline serves as a roadmap that guides you through each phase of research, organization, and writing.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the steps to craft a stellar outline that will lay the foundation for an exceptional research paper. Let’s dive in!

The Importance of a Research Paper Outline

Before delving into the process of creating an outline, let’s first discuss a few reasons why it’s a crucial element of your research paper process:

●  Organization : An outline helps you organize your thoughts, ideas, and research findings coherently and logically, preventing your paper from becoming disjointed.

●  Focus and Direction : It provides a clear path for your research and writing, helping you stay on track and ensuring that you cover all essential aspects of your topic.

●  Efficiency : By planning and structuring your paper in advance, you save time during the actual writing process.

Steps to Create a Research Paper Outline

1. identifying the core components of your outline.

Your research paper outline consists of several key components, each serving a specific purpose. Depending on your research topic and your intended audience, your research paper may have additional sections, such as a literature review or methods section, so make sure you’re clear on what the expectations are for your project. Still, your outline should almost certainly contain the following elements:

A. Introduction

●  Provide a hook. Begin with a compelling opening that grabs your reader’s attention.

●  Include appropriate background information. Provide context about your topic, highlighting its relevance and significance , along with your research objectives .

●  State your thesis statement . Clearly state the main argument or purpose of your paper.

B. Main Body

●  Organize your major points and arguments. Itemize the primary ideas or arguments you intend to present. Each major point should have its own section.

●  Supporting evidence : Beneath each major point, list the supporting evidence, data, or examples that back your arguments.

●  Subpoints : If necessary, break down each major point into smaller subpoints to ensure a well-structured and detailed discussion.

C. Counterarguments and Rebuttals (if applicable)

●  Consider the counterarguments . Address opposing viewpoints to showcase a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

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●  Include the counter rebuttals . Refute counterarguments with strong evidence and reasoning, reinforcing your stance.

D. Conclusion

●  Restate your thesis. Summarize your thesis statement, reminding readers of your main argument.

●  Summarize your main points . Briefly recap the major points discussed in the body of your paper.

●  Provide a meaningful concluding thought. Leave readers with a thought-provoking insight, call to action, or open-ended question.

●  Remember your acknowledgements . Finally, add any acknowledgements that should be recognized.

2. Structuring Your Outline

Create a hierarchical structure by arranging your main points, subpoints, and supporting evidence in a logical order. This provides a visual representation of your paper’s flow and allows you to see how ideas connect and progress.

3. Be Concise and Clear

Your outline is a concise roadmap, so use brief phrases or sentences to capture the essence of each section. Avoid wordiness and complex language.

4. Flexibility in Your Approach

Remember, your outline is a flexible tool. As you delve deeper into your research and writing, you might discover the need to rearrange or expand certain sections. Allow your outline to evolve naturally.

5. Seek Feedback

Share your outline with peers, instructors, or your advisor to gain valuable feedback. Their insights can help you refine your outline and ensure that you’re on the right track. They can also let you know if you’ve left out anything of significance.

A well-structured research paper outline is your compass in the vast sea of information and ideas. It keeps you focused, organized, and empowered throughout the research and writing process and can help deter you from making common mistakes .

Following these steps will equip you to create a successful outline: identify your main concepts; structure your outline; check for clarity and concision; allow for flexibility; and seek feedback.

Finally, if you’re interested in having your research paper proofread , please consider our research paper editing services . You can even try a sample of our services for free . Happy outlining and researching!

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How to Write an Outline for a Research Paper

Last Updated: December 18, 2020 References

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 297,741 times.

Writing an outline for a research paper can seem like a time consuming task, and you may not understand the value of it if you have never written one before. Outlines can help you structure your research and your final paper in much more efficient ways, though, so it is a good idea that you learn how to write one. Here are a few things to keep in mind when doing so.

Sample Outlines

Outline Type and Structure

• Topic outlines are usually used when your research deals with many different issues that can be arranged in different ways.
• Sentence outlines are usually used if your research focuses on complex issues.
• Some instructors will insist that you must not combine these two forms. Many others, however, offer one exception to this guideline by allowing the main section headings to be short phrases while the remaining subpoints are written as full sentences.

• The first level is represented by Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.), the second level is represented by capital letters (A, B, C, D, etc.), the third level is represented by numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and the fourth level is represented by lowercase letters (a, b, c, d, etc.).

• One school of thought indicates that first level headings should be written in all capital letters while all remaining headings use standard sentence capitalization rules.
• Another school of thought suggests that the first level headings should only have the first letter of each word capitalized, rather than the entire word. The remaining headings, again, use standard sentence capitalization rules.

• For a four to five page paper, you only need a single page outline.
• For a 15 to 20 page paper, your outline will usually run no longer than four pages. [2] X Research source

Outline Levels

• These headings are labeled with Roman numerals.
• Note that you would not usually use this outline for a research paper, as it is not very specific or detailed. It can still be a good idea to start with this outline level, however, since you can use it to provide yourself with a general direction for your paper and expand upon it as the information flows in.

• In other words, your Roman numeral and capital letter sections are both present.
• Each second-level subheading should discuss a primary supporting argument for the main idea it falls under.

• You use Roman numerals, capital letters, and standard numbers for this version.
• Next to each third-level subsection, you should address the topic of a paragraph that falls under the corresponding second-level section or main idea above it.

• The fourth-level subheadings should address supporting statements, citations, or ideas within each paragraph listed in the third-level sections.

Components of Effective Outlines

• This refers most obviously to the usage of "topic" versus "sentence" outline formats, as described in the "structure and type" section of the article.
• Parallelism also refers to parts of speech and tense. If a heading starts with a verb, then the other headings must also start with a verb. Moreover, that verb must also be in the same tense (usually present tense).

• Your major headings should identify major tasks or ideas.
• Your subheadings should elaborate on the points addressed in your major headings.

• For instance, if you were writing about memorable experiences from your childhood, "Memorable Childhood Experiences" would be the heading and the subheadings might look something like, "Vacation at 8 years old," "Favorite birthday party," and "Family trips to the park."

• There is no limit on subheadings, but once you start forming a dozen or so subheadings under a single heading, you might find your outline looking cluttered and messy.

Organizing the Outline

• From this research problem, you will derive your thesis statement. A thesis statement is a single sentence that sums up the entire purpose or argument of your research paper.
• This thesis statement will usually be written above the outline itself or within the first "Introduction" heading of the outline.
• Your research problem can also help you figure out a title.

• The main points are details that support or address your research paper. They should be very general in nature.

• Chronological arrangements generally only work if you have a topic that has some chronological history to it. For example, if you were researching the history of modern medicine, it would make sense that your paper and outline follow a chronological order.
• If your research topic does not have a history, though, you will probably end up using a spatial structure. For instance, if you are researching the effects of television and video games on the adolescent brain, you probably would not follow the chronology of the research. Instead, you might describe the different contemporary schools of thought on the issue or otherwise follow some other spatial arrangement of ideas.

• Some instructors will insist that you do not use the terms "Introduction" and "Conclusions," however. In these instances, you can usually skip these two sections altogether, but you will need to write your thesis statement separately and above the outline.

• Note that these elements will usually be listed as subpoints, not as major headings. The major heading for the section will be "Introduction."

• As with the actual paper itself, this portion of your outline will hold all the significant content.
• The main headings will correspond to the main categories briefly listed under a subheading of your “Introduction” section.
• You can include only the main ideas and supporting details of those ideas (a two-level outline, as noted in the “Outline Levels” section of the article) or you could include information about specific paragraphs and supporting details within those paragraphs (three-level and four-level outlines, respectively).

• Restate and rephrase your thesis.
• If you drew any additional conclusions based on your research, list them here. Keep in mind that none of this information should be “new,” and all of it should have been addressed elsewhere in the paper.
• If your research demands a “call to action”—a response that a reader should have in response or an action that should be done in response—include that under this section, as well. This will usually be your final point within the outline.

Expert Q&A

• A good outline shows you what to address next in your paper, thereby limiting writer's block.
• Outlines help maintain a coherent, orderly flow of ideas.
• You can use an outline to check yourself as you write if you suspect that you are straying from the main topic.
• Having a visual outline can help encourage you as you write your paper since you can tell how much you have left.
• Outlines help you organize different ideas about the same topic and gain an understanding of how those ideas connect.

You Might Also Like

• ↑ http://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=235034&p=1561769
• ↑ http://libguides.usc.edu/content.php?pid=83009&sid=634166
• ↑ http://www.eng.usf.edu/~cunning/CGN6933-drinkingwater/CGN6933-drinkingwater-project/HowToOutline.pdf
• ↑ https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-files/Outline.pdf
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Sociology Professor, Stanford University. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/developing_an_outline/how_to_outline.html
• ↑ http://www.austincc.edu/tmthomas/sample%20outline%201.htm

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Research Paper Outline Generator

🤖 research outline generator 101.

• 📝 Template & Format
• 🤩 Outline Tips

🔗 References

Outlining an academic assignment serves several purposes:

• It lets students establish connections between the thesis and their ideas.
• A template also allows them to structure papers and identify gaps in their knowledge.
• An outline makes their writing more substantial and lets them know if they understand the topic well enough.

Our outline generator for research papers speeds up this process in several ways:

📝 Outline Generator for Research Paper: Template and Format

Our tool can help you cope with the first step in any academic work, whether it's a high school or college tasks. But what should you do next? This part of the article details the components of the research paper format. It will give you a better understanding of how your work should look.

Popular Academic Formats

The format of your research paper largely depends on the style your school uses. Three main styles are widely used in the academic setting: APA, Chicago, and MLA. Each has its features we’ll discuss briefly.

Good Example of a Template

In this section, we have detailed all the components of a comprehensive research paper. Knowing these elements will make it easy for you to structure your work.

🤩 Best Outline Tips: Research Papers & Academic Essays

We want to wrap things up by offering helpful tips for an effective outline. It doesn’t matter if you’re writing an academic essay, a research work, or a personal statement. These pieces of advice can be helpful in all types of assignments.

• Plan and brainstorm . Make a list of ideas that can become good topics for your essay. By the way, having study buddies is also a fantastic idea! Try to brainstorm topics with fellow students. This way, you can better plan and find impactful research subjects.
• Organize your ideas . Next, organize the ideas into separate categories. Discard bad ones and incorporate good ones in your writing. Narrow them down until you choose the main one to write a good thesis statement.
• Use bullet points . Utilize a list format to keep your outline organized. Use headings to easily navigate the template and structure the paper logically.
• Use online tools . If you need help, turn to online platforms for assistance. For example, our research paper outline generator can make this process faster.
• Write in your mother tongue . If you struggle writing in English , make notes in your native language. It’s also better to research this topic in your mother tongue. You can translate your findings later.
• Remove redundant points . Revise all the paragraphs of your finished essay template. Make sure that all the sections match the purpose of your paper and reveal the main idea. If you find too many inappropriate points, try rephrasing them to fit the topic.

We hope that our outline generator for research papers helped in your work. If you have any questions left, check out the FAQ section below. Besides we also recommend you take a look at our research guide .

❓ Research Outline Generator – FAQ

Updated: Dec 14th, 2023

• Writing a Research Paper. – Arrendale Library, Piedmont University
• How to Write an APA Research Paper – Hamilton College
• How To Write a Research Paper Outline (With Examples and Tips) – Indeed
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• MLA General Format – The On-Campus Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University
• Formatting an Academic Paper – Augsburg University
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Learn everything there is to know about our awesome research paper outline generator. This instrument is guaranteed to save you lots of time and energy by creating the perfect plan for your assignment in seconds. Simply set the parameters and get to writing!

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No Country for Old Men Analysis-book vs movie Review

Cormac McCarthy’s best-selling book was adapted by Joel and Ethan Coen’s who made it into an Academy Award winning movie. When it comes to which is better, it’s a nearly impossible choice!

Confess, Fletch Book vs Movie Review

The character created by Gregory Mcdonald and made famous by Chevy Chase is returning with Jon Hamm in the lead! How does this comedic mystery novel compare to the movie??

Drive Book vs Movie (2011) Review

This gritty, noir novel was adapted into the atmospheric movie starring Ryan Gosling. Find out how the two compare and which I like best!

The Birds Book vs Movie Review

The Birds directed by Alfred Hitchcock starring Tippi Hedren has become so iconic. But did you know it is based on a short story by Daphne du Maurier? Find out how the two compare and which I like best!

How to Write a 20-Page Term Paper

How to Write High School Research Papers

Writing essays are a common practice in college. Professors encourage students to research topics and turn in well-thought-out papers. Knowing how to write a 20-page term paper will help your writing process go smoothly. Research papers are not only used in college but in business as well. As you study a topic, you form your own thoughts about it based on the facts you've read. Be accurate and consistent with the information you provide in your research paper, so that the reader comprehends your point of view.

Pick the topic you want to write about. Whether your professor gives you a topic or you have full reign to choose a topic, topic selection is the first step in the writing process. Some professors give students a general direction to go. Run your topic selection past your instructor to insure you are on the right track. Topics involve asking a question you plan to answer for your audience.

Research your topic idea. Successful 20-page research papers involve in-depth research. Your paper will include references from all the information you've compiled and used through the research process. Look for facts, opinions, research studies and history that deals with your topic. Utilize the Internet, libraries, academic periodicals, government records and newspapers to get pertinent information.

Write your thesis statement. A thesis statement is the answer to your topic question. Your thesis statement could change as you gather more information; however, coming up with one early keeps you moving in the right direction.

Gather all your researched information and begin writing. Everything you've compiled thus far on your topics needs to go into your paper in a clear, accurate and consistent way. As an example, use one page for your abstract (a brief explanation of what you are writing about). Use one page each for the introduction and thesis statement. Two pages can be about the history of your topic. Write two more pages about the relevance of why this topic is important. Ten pages will include your research findings to back up your claim. One page will be about the oppositions point of view. Two pages will conclude your 20-page research paper.

Determine what format your 20-paper research paper should be in, MLA or APA format. Title pages and reference sections are all included as extra pages in your paper. They do not count towards the 20- pages. Your first draft is a rough draft of your paper. Read through it, have a peer and your professor look over it and give you suggestions on how to make it better. Revise and turn in the final draft.

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Based in San Diego County, Calif., Monica Baylor has been writing since 1995. Her articles have appeared in the “Southwestern Sun” newspaper and The NU Herald online newspaper. Baylor holds Bachelor of Arts in digital journalism from National University.

Strategies for Writing a 20-Page Paper

Follow this step-by-step plan to make the assignment manageable.

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• Writing Research Papers
• Writing Essays
• English Grammar
• M.Ed., Education Administration, University of Georgia
• B.A., History, Armstrong State University

Research papers and essays can be intimidating enough as an assignment. If you're facing a 20-page writing assignment, just relax and break the process down into manageable chunks.

Start by creating a timetable for your project. Note when it is due as well as the number of weeks you have between now and the due date. To create a timetable, grab or create a calendar with plenty of space to write on. Then, jot down deadlines for each stage of the writing process.

Initial Research and Topic Selection

Before you can choose a topic, do some basic research to learn more about the general subject area you're studying. For example, if you're studying the works of William Shakespeare , decide which play, character, or aspect of Shakespeare's work is most interesting to you.

After you've finished your initial research, select a few possible topics. Talk with your teacher before making a final decision. Ensure that the topic is interesting and rich enough for a 20-page essay, but not too big to cover. For example "Symbolism in Shakespeare" is an overwhelming topic while "Shakespeare's Favorite Pens" wouldn't fill more than a page or two. "Magic in Shakespeare's Play, ' A Midsummer Night's Dream ' " might be just right.

Now that you have a topic, take a few weeks to conduct research until you have five to 10 subtopics or points to talk about. Jot notes onto note cards . Separate your note cards into piles that represent topics you'll cover.

Organize Topics and Create a Draft

Order your topics into a logical sequence, but don't get too caught up in this. You'll be able to rearrange the sections of your paper later.

Take your first set of cards and write all you can about that specific topic. Try to use up three pages of writing. Move on to the next topic. Again, try to use three pages to elaborate on that topic. Don't worry about making this section flow from the first one. You are just writing about individual topics at this time.

Create Transitions; Write an Introduction and Conclusion

Once you have written a few pages for each topic, think again about the order. Identify the first topic (one that will come after your introduction) and the one that will follow. Write a transition to link one to the next. Continue with order and transitions.

The next step is to write your introduction paragraph or paragraphs and your conclusion . If your paper is still short, just find a new subtopic to write about and place it between paragraphs that exist. You now have a rough draft.

Edit and Polish

Once you've crafted a full draft, set it aside for a day or two before reviewing, editing, and polishing it. If you're required to include sources , double-check that you've correctly formatted footnotes , endnotes, and/or a bibliography .

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Free 20-Page Essay Samples

234 samples of this type

Essay on Police Brutality in the United States

Police Brutality Essay Introduction Police officers are allowed to use “non-negotiable coercive force” to maintain public order and control the behavior of citizens. This provides a loophole for use of brutal force according to Bittner (1970; cited in Cao, 1999). The central problem or area of concern appears to be...

The Role of Textbooks in Education

The Pros and Cons of Using Etextbooks for College Students A number of college students buy or rent the e-textbooks they require for their courses as opposes to traditional paper textbooks. E-Textbooks have become very common and very handy for college students, since they are light and take up no...

Reducing Accident Rate of Excavation and Maintenance in Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company

Executive Summary Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company (ORPIC) is one of the strategic governmental interests, responsible for the excavation and production of numerous gas and oil-related materials. The production values of ORPIC are estimated at 943,000 barrels a day in gas and 31.4 million tons of oil equivalent...

Hong Kong Global Business Cultural Analysis

Abstract Culture varies from one place to the next. The variation may be small or significantly large in some cases. Since culture has a great influence on various industries, businesspersons have to gain a good comprehension of the ways of life of a given place for them to visualize their...

Garbage Collection Center in Al Mosoud or Farajhazza

Introduction When setting up a company it is very important to consider different factors before starting to assess the viability of the company in the future, in addition, it helps to do research about the company’s success in the targeted market. The research may revolve around the expected operations the...

How many words is a 20 page essay?

A 20-page text usually contains 4950 to 5000 words in case you use 12-point Times New Roman, double spaced. This is the most common format for all the major citation styles.

How long does it take to write a 20 page essay?

It will take you 5 to 10 minutes to type one page on a keyboard. However, if you need to write a 20 page essay from scratch, it will take you not less than 20 to 21 hours.

What does a 20 page essay look like?

A 20 page paper is quite a long piece. It is not necessarily an essay. 20 pages is a good length for a research paper or a term paper. The possible research fields might be education, science and technology, or political science. Your key aim here is to show your critical thinking and analytical skills.

How to write a 20 page essay?

A 20 page essay is a long piece. In order not to lose your main idea, formulate a thesis statement before you start writing. The thesis will become the basis of your paper. You can later divide it into several parts and use each as a topic sentence for various sections of your essay.

What are some good 20 page essay topics?

A 20 page paper is a serious task that you’ll probably work on for a long time. That’s why you should carefully choose a topic for such an assignment. Some of the options might be: the roots of the Great Depression, the forms of police brutality, or the Holocaust and its consequences.

The Link Between Asthma and Immigrant Smoking

Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the association between asthma and smoking status among adult African immigrants in California. I intend to use a quantitative correlation approach to explore the association between asthma and smoking status and investigate the influence of selected demographic variables (age, sex, years...

Arabtec Company: Strategic Analysis of Business Performance

Executive Summary Strategic analysis entails research to explore the environment under which an organization operates. It is an effective method of testing the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization’s strategies. This paper discusses strategic analysis and its importance to organizations. A case study is done on Arabtec to apply the...

Analysis of Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank

Introduction Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank was founded in 1985 and is currently the third-largest commercial bank in the United Arab Emirates by Assets. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank is a UAE-based public joint-stock company that operates in the commercial bank sector. Most of the Bank’s shares (about 65 percent) are owned...

Etisalat Strategy Analysis

Executive Summary of Etisalat Business Plan Etisalat is a telecommunication company, and it has been in operation for 39 years. Its remarkable performance has facilitated the expansion into emerging markets coupled with acquiring over 160 million subscribers in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The strategic management of its operations...

Anthem Inc.’s Training Needs Assessment Plan

Abstract The paper provides a discussion of four parts of the training needs assessment plan for Anthem Inc. that includes the macro-level and micro-level needs assessments. The paper describes the insurance industry in the United States with the focus on the aspect of competition, the company’s mission and vision, and...

• Performance

Strategic Management: Tesla Case Study

The Tesla brand is generally seen as the antithesis of the conventional automobile. For example, one of its business strategies was to first target the high-end market with an aspirational luxury product before expanding into the middle- and lower-end sectors with the inexpensive Model 3 car. The unique selling proposition...

The Creative Industries of India and New Zealand

Introduction In the current times, creative industries had become imperative contributors in the economies of any state. It is for this reason that regulatory bodies and governments have started to support creative industries so that yield of the industry can be utilized to the fullest. Creative industries not only contribute...

Marine Pollution in Australia

Introduction The ocean plays a significant role in the economic and social lives of people in Australia. It serves as a major transportation network, a favorite recreational area, and a source of food for millions of Australians. The coastal environment serves as a habitat for numerous flora and fauna species....

Cosmetic Surgery Advertising: Multimodal Analysis

Introduction This study documents the multimodal analysis of cosmetic surgery advertisements in British clinics. Specifically, flyers from three clinics have been analysed throughout this study. The analysis has considered the textual and visual elements used to pass the messages to the targeted audience. It describes how advert discourses utilize the...

KFC, McDonald’s, and Chipotle Firms’ Annual Report

Introduction This paper analyzes the individual financial ratios of KFC, McDonald’s, and Chipotle. This report will provide a comparative analysis of such ratios as profitability ratio, liquidity ratio (current ratio), and financial leverage. Initially, the background of each analyzed business will be given, indicating the problems that could potentially negatively...

Abolition of Capital Punishment

Abstract This paper will look at the capital punishment as it applies to cost, deterrence, and the innocence of the accused. It will discuss these issues as it applies to the overall benefit of abolishing the death penalty all together. It would also discuss and evaluate large scale violations of...

Effects of Climate Variability on Water Resources, Food Security, and Human Health

Introduction Climate variability remains one of the most severe public issues for all citizens across the globe. Profit and non-profit organizations are involved in their discussions and investigations to understand changes in temperature, weather conditions, and other events that humans are not able to control. Many observations and research activities...

Negotiation as an Alternative to Litigation

Introduction Definition of Negotiation Appealing to the judiciary system, presumably, is the primary method of resolving serious conflicts for which many opt. The most probable reason why people as well as businesses prefer litigation is the theoretical framework of law that it provides, adherence to which simplifies identifying the directions...

Rocks, Minerals, Molecules, and Life on the Earth

Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Within the framework of modern geodynamics, it is proved scientifically and empirically that the surface of the Earth is divided into several plates. The Earth’s exterior looks like a mosaic embracing eight large and six small plates completely covering it. The boundaries of the lithospheric...

Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation

Abstract The paper is a concise review of the module on new venture creation. Almost every aspect that is required of an entrepreneur is covered in this module and also mentioned in the paper. Diverse subject areas like new venture start-up risk, funding and financing of new ventures, business plans...

Rainwater Harvesting Prototype

The prototype is intended to improve the use of harvested rainwater that is collected on large railway stations. Water usage is divided into three purposes: aesthetic, healthcare and education. The aesthetic aspect presupposes the creation of the waterfall effect. Most projects associated with rainwater harvesting create waterfalls. Pornchai Garden in...

The Renewal of the Indian Power Plant: Legal Issues

Introduction For slightly over forty years now, the Entergy operated Indian Point nuclear reactor has been accused of damaging the ecological resources of the Hudson River estuary. The plant is the largest consumer of water resources in the state. For instance, the reactors at units 2 and 3 consume up...

Supranational Model in Human Resource in Asian and Middle Eastern Countries

Summary To trading within nations of one country to another is really complicated for different cultural aspects, economic positions, language and many more. For this reason, it is quite difficult to build IHRM in international concepts. Managers and human resource professionals have to have the knowledge and ability to build...

Strategic Marketing of George Clothing

Executive Summary These studies would chiefly focus on ASDA’s clothing Brand” Georges Clothing”. It happens to be a UK subsidiary of the giant US food major, Wal-Mart. George at ASDA is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart with a market share of 16.94% in the UK business. Currently, ASDA has over 259...

The Hydrocarbon Value Chain: Exploration to Production

Introduction Petroleum by-products are produced by organic compounds – living organisms that flourished in great numbers, died, decayed and were subjected to environmental pressures over eons. Some of these compounds are extremely simple; such as methane. Others have great structural complexity. Extracting all these has required equally complex processes of...

Purchase or Lease Decision: Concrete Mixer Acquisition

Executive Summary Purchasing and buying equipment for a business is part of the primary capital budget expenditure, which affects the net profits. When deciding on whether to purchase or hire equipment, it is imperative to review the cash flows of each alternative to make a prudent option with optimal investment...

Role of the U.S. and the USSR in the Korean War

This paper explores the particulars of the Korean War (1950-1953), as the proxy war that the USSR fought against the U.S., and describes the effects of this War on the formation of the socio-cultural and geopolitical aspects of the Cold War era. The Korean War of 1950-1953 is now being...

Social Media in Crisis Management of Restaurants

Introduction Background of the Study The world is increasingly getting competitive due to various dynamics in the business world. In this competitive environment, crisis is a factor that a firm may not precisely predict, and neither can it be overly prevented. Crisis management is one of the most challenging tasks...

Anticholinergic Burden in Elderly Patients

Introduction The elderly patients are susceptible to various drug reactions and infections. Indicatively, the anticholinergic burden has been observed within these elderly patients. Particularly, this is with regard to cognition as well as fall. A lot of research and extensive investigations in this field are eminent (Aizenberg, Sigler & Weizman...

Influencer Marketing Essay: Application in the Fashion Industry & Examples

Influencer Marketing Essay: Introduction The concept of influencer marketing (IM) emerged recently due to the development and growth of social media platforms, most prominently a photo-sharing application Instagram, and the increasing popularity of the video service YouTube. This component is a part of digital marketing – a term describing varied...

• Product Marketing
• International Relations
• Accountancy

Hans Christian Andersen’ Works Analysis

Introduction The term ‘author’ can be used to refer to someone who “…….originates or gives existence (or life) to something” (Hodges 2002). In the context of literature, an author can be described as an individual who originates or gives existence to a piece of text. This is for example a...

Historical Trauma of Japanese Former Colonies

History Background (Historical Trauma) Many countries in the Asian, African, and Latin-American continents continue to nurse unpleasant memories from the colonial times. These memories are based on a narrative of massive humiliation and torment that people in the colonized nations were forced to go through for years. The concept of...

How AI and Machine Learning Influence Marketing in the Fashion Industry

Research Methodology The chapter presents an in-depth analysis of the view that technology has significantly influenced the fashion industry. The research seeks to understand whether the correspondents’ view of AI in fashion is a new concept or whether the idea is lucrative enough to influence fashion users’ purchasing patterns and...

Alternative Business Conflict Resolution in the Board of Directors

Introduction The importance of good governance determines the vitality of corporate culture and allows for improved operational effectiveness by finding constructive solutions to the ambiguous issues that arise in the leadership process. The fundamental figures of corporate governance are the board of directors, each member of which has an interest...

Temperton Accounting Firm Upgrading Exchange Environment

Summary Temperton Accounting Firm was interested in upgrading Exchange 2010 environment to Exchange 2016 environment to help address challenges that had been identified in the system. The firm handed over the upgrade project to Bytes to Bits Computer Consulting because of its reputation as one of the firms that understand...

Temperton Accounting Firm’s Environment Upgrade

Proposal Overview The Exchange 2016 environment has introduced new features in its new architecture that includes a hybrid configuration wizard (HCW), a cloud-based configuration, and its improved troubleshooting and diagnostics make it the most appropriate application in the modern society (Leonard, Svidergol, Wright, & Meloski, 2016). Firms that were previously...

Community Policing Impact on Juvenile Delinquents

Abstract The current research dwells on the prevalence of delinquent behavior in teenagers residing in Columbia County, GA. The researcher effectively addressed the issues inherent in the concept of community policing and identified several programs that may help throughout the process of mitigating the occurrence rate of delinquencies. Moreover, the...

Emerging Technologies in the Commercial Aviation

Introduction Modern commercial aviation is a fundamental sector that supports the development of the globalized world and creates the basis for international discourse. That is why it has to meet diversified requirements for the quality of provided services, their price, and safety. Regarding the tendency towards the increase in the...

Nike Social Media vs. Adidas Social Media: Marketing Analysis

Adidas vs. Nike Social Media Accounts: Essay Introduction In the modern world, communication channels are developing rapidly, expanding Internet communications, which allow companies to interact with potential consumers, distribute content quickly, and deliver more accurate and relevant information, implementing advertising and PR tasks. One of the most actively developing methods...

Racial Disparities Within Higher Education

Enrollment and Graduation Rates Higher education is among the fields where racial disparities are most evident. This is mainly because higher education in the United States is optional, and thus there are many factors that affect students’ willingness and ability to enroll and graduate. Native American students are at a...

• Social Responsibility
• Corporation

Mercedes Benz Firm’s Strategic Change Management

Executive Summary Mercedes Benz is one of the world’s most recognizable automotive brands. Founded in the 1800s, the German company has evolved from a small makeshift firm specializing in the production of four-stroke gasoline power engines into a market leader in the production of luxury cars. Its global market outreach...

Global Governance from China’s Perspective

Introduction One of the most notable aspects of today’s geopolitical situation in the world has to do with the fact that, as time passes on, a number of classical notions/concepts, concerned with the theory of international relations (IR), become either outdated or transformed to a degree of beginning to convey...

The Modernization of the Tanzania’s Peoples Defense Forces: The Air Force Wing

Introduction & Background The introduction and background section will cover the background of the study, the history of the Tanzanian Airline Industry, including its military context and the history of the Tanzania People’s Defense Forces (TPDF). TPDF is charged with the security of the external borders in Tanzania and at...

Delta Airlines: Strategic Management

Introduction One of the highly competitive industries in the global marketplace is the airline sector mainly because of the focus on the variant service experience. Since the advent of social media platforms, a significant percentage of the customers have attained significant product and service knowledge from a wide range of...

Strategic Supply Chain Management

Introduction Contemporary supply chain management is concerned with building a system that aligns both with organizational needs and customer expectations. Organizations like Cisco, which operates in the tech market, have become more aware of customers’ demands and upcoming trends, thus investing in agility, sustainability, and high levels of digitalization. The...

Voting Suppression in Politics and Policies Against Blacks in the US

Introduction The general problem to be addressed in this paper revolves around the fact that voting suppression in politics and policies against Blacks is increasingly becoming a major issue of concern. Historically, voter suppression was dominant during the Reconstruction era with reference to Jim Crow laws. However, in the recent...

“Lanval”: Summary & Analysis of Gender Roles and Courtly Love

The details of the concept of love presented in the literature change with references to different centuries and societies and Marie de France’s vision of love presented in her lais can be discussed as rather provocative for the Medieval society and literature because of the author’s use of the feminist...

Shoppers Drug Mart: History, Founder, SWOT Analysis

Abstract Shoppers Drug Mart is the largest Canadian drugstore chain with 1,350 licensed units opened throughout the whole country. This company provides its customers with high-quality health and beauty products as well as assisted-living services. This paper aims to provide a full review of Shoppers Drug Mart internal and external...

Effects of Globalization: The Case of LuLu Group Int

The Effects of the Driving Forces of Globalization There is no doubt that today’s world has become substantially different from the social, economic, and production systems that were relevant only a few decades ago. Such changes can be seen in all spheres of life, from the classical communication between people...

ABC Inc. Strategic Management

Introduction Although there is still widespread agreement that strategic thinking is required for efficient firm management, it is usually absent or, at best, poor (Bonn, 2001; Liedtka, 1998). The implementation gap is marked by a long history of misunderstandings among both scholars and practitioners, with the terms strategic thinking, strategic...

• Information Management

Modern Communication Infrastructure as a Means of Cultural Diffusion

Introduction Technology has revolutionized most aspects of life, including societal norms, beliefs, and values. Its impact on people has been felt in various areas of social, economic, and political fields, including human engagement, institutional development, governance, human relations, business, and sports, just to mention a few (Hardey 101). The continued...

Environmental Sustainability and Its Importance for the Future

At this stage of the development of modern society, special attention is paid to such an important issue as the preservation of environmental sustainability. Such a path of development should meet all vital human needs and promote the emergence and proper development of future generations. However, there is a tendency...

Minority Business Development Agency: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Programs

Introduction The Genesis of the Problem Diversity, equity, and inclusion are intertwined concepts that seek to address some of the most common socio-economic challenges in the United States such as racism, inequality, and discrimination. There has been a consensus that the system in the US is skewed against minorities, especially...

America’s Banking Industry: Past, Present, and Future

Introduction Banking has evolved in several ways throughout the decades. Compared to previous years, banks now provide a wider variety of goods and services, and they do it more quickly and effectively. However, banking’s core role continues to be the same as it has historically been. Banking institutions utilize a...

The Ford Motor Company’s Sustainability

Background Ford Motor Company is a world-class motor selling company whose leading brands are commercial vehicles and luxury vehicles under the Ford and Lincoln brands. The company has employed Ford Motor Company and has supplied cars for a long time since its creation by Henry Ford in 1903. The company’s...

The Possibility of a United Africa: Impact of Colonization

Introduction Colonialism in Africa was executed mainly by European countries between 17th century and 19th centuries. The main reason towards this was the abundance of raw materials in the continent that they wanted to extract for industries back in Europe (“IvyPanda,” 2020). However, they concealed this by claiming that their...

Celebrity Endorsement and Consumer Purchase Intentions

Abstract This research aimed to examine the impact of celebrity endorsement on consumer purchase intentions. The analysis was based on a survey of 300 participants between 18 and 54 years. They were from the University of Hull and surroundings, which were American consumers. The study focused on celebrity endorser characteristics,...

The Gendered Psychology of Gratuity: A Case Study of Tipping Behaviors Between Men and Women

Introduction Men and women share characteristics that distinguish each sex from the other. These differences have been profound to the extent that comparisons have been made to imply that men and women come from different planets (Deaner et al., 2022). In scholarly research, the physical differences between both genders are...

The Home Depot Firm’s Supply Chain Excellence

Introduction Home Depot, Inc. is the largest improvement retailer chain in North America and was founded in 1978 in Atlanta. Compared to other traditional retail stores that carry other items in addition to their primary product offering, Home Depot stores specialize only in home improvement products (Hughes, 2022). It operates...

Improving Handling Contract Time Extension

Introduction There are three key organizational components in electric utilities: generating (power plants), transmission (high-voltage bulk power between utilities), and distribution (low-voltage power to end-users). According to Short (2014), power generation, transmission, distribution, and sale to the general public and industry are all covered under the umbrella term of the...

• Communication
• Entrepreneurship
• Social Media
• Environment
• Strategic Planning

Retail Online System Management

Thank you for the screenshots. They enabled me to find out your problem. First and foremost, you need to follow the instructions as given. All those instructions we sent you were important but never the less you chose to ignore them! You need to stop doing that. Inoticed from your...

Trends of Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Markets

Abstract Foreign direct investment has become very popular as corporate organizations try to expand their market share. It is important to understand the current trends in foreign direct investments in emerging markets. This research reveals that unlike before when the foreign direct investment was dominated by large corporations, the mid-sized...

Healing a Hospital’s Struggling Emergency Department

Project Charter Project Overview Executive Summary The struggling 205-bed general medical and surgical hospital that serves a community in Chicago is experiencing a decline in performance because of the huge demand that it is unable to meet. The parent firm is keen on implementing a project model that had been...

Building and Leading High Performing Teams

Abstract Teamwork is a dynamic and complex process that enables the exchange of diverse opinions and perspectives. This study focuses on exploring the issue of team performance in connection to leadership approaches, team dynamics, and motivation, as well as diversity. It was found that the most productive and effective teams...

HP Business Strategy & HP Strategic Plan Analysis

HP Business Strategy: Introduction Hewlett Packard (HP) is a company that plays a leading role in providing its customers and other businesses with products and services such as IT infrastructure, computing technologies, and solutions (Ghori 120). It also offers global services in imaging, personal computers, printing, and access devices. The...

ABC Company’s Public Relations: Strategic Plan

Executive Summary In the current competitive business environment, it is increasingly becoming important for companies to come up with plans for improving efficiency in production, effectiveness in marketing, and a positive relationship with various stakeholders. This strategic public relations plan seeks to help this company to develop a close relationship...

ABC Consulting Organization’s Innovation

Abstract In the innovation field, the existing theories have suggested that organizational culture affects the capacity of a corporation to innovate. Most organizations have been unable to innovate because of the prevailing culture that inhibits the propensity of the workforce to generate and effectively use new ideas. This paper has...

Volkswagen Cars Company: Professional Marketing Components

Professional Marketing Analysis of Volkswagen’s Engineering and Technological Products Introduction Volkswagen is a German automobile company. It has its headquarters in Wolfsburg. The firm was found in 1937. It was founded by the German Labour Front. Since its inception, the company has emerged to be one of the leading vehicle...

Land Usage and Water Quality in Saudi Arabia

Land use refers to the total preparations, activities, and inputs individuals undertake in a specific land cover type. Alterations in land cover as well as management activities have been viewed as the key influencing aspects behind the change of hydrological systems, which tip to the change in the water quality...

Women and Glass Ceilings in the Hospitality Industry

Introduction Rationale for the study Significant progress has been made over the years to attain gender equality at the workplace. As a result of combined efforts between governments and nongovernmental organizations, the number of women in the employment sector has increased significantly. A research by the International Labor Organization further...

• Strategic Analysis
• Capital Punishment
• Human Rights

The Open Door Mission Program: A Grant Proposal

Abstract Open Door Mission is a faith-based and scientific-proof rehabilitation and recovery center and institution based in Harris County, Texas. It is committed to restoring the situations of society’s chronically dependent, poor, homeless, and crippled men. The complex has 175 bedrooms distributed among seven dorms and a dining hall, chapel,...

Single African-American Mothers’ Experiences with Their Sons

Introduction The previous chapter provided a detailed review of literature to help explore what other scholars have found in relation to this topic. In this chapter, the focus was to provide a detailed discussion of the methods and strategies used to collect and analyze primary data. Robinson and Werblow (2013)...

LVMH Group’s Marketing Practices

Abstract LVMH Group is one of the largest corporations globally, specializing in the production and distribution of fashion and leather goods, wine and spirits, beauty products, and jewelery. The corporation makes billions in profits annually, making its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) one of the wealthiest men alive. The following paper...

Integration of Refugees and Radicalization Prevention

Introduction Importance of the Issue in the Global Context The issues regarding refugees are currently highly relevant given the social and political environment in such countries as Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. Refugees from these areas have no alternative other than to seek shelter in Europe. The resulting enormous flow of...

Cybercrimes: The Effect on Public Administration

Abstract In today’s period of online processing, most of the information and data is online and thus susceptible to cyber threats. Researchers and crime scholars argue that conflicts and wars between countries will occur in cyberspace as opposed to physical spaces in the future. The first documented cybercrime occurred in...

Bridgestone Middle East and Africa

Bridgestone Middle East and Africa is a branch of Bridgestone Corporation operating within the region. The company has been successful in the United Arab Emirates and the regional market because of its strong brand and quality products. However, it faces stiff competition from equally powerful brands in the market. The...

The Role of Risk Management in Reducing Loss Prevention

Definition of the Problem Introduction Risk management (RM) has been defined as the process of scheduling, classifying, directing, and managing organizational conduct in order to curtail the detrimental effects of fortuitous losses at reasonable costs on the organization. Risk avoidance involves eliminating all losses associated with a particular activity, loss...

Abusive Leadership Effects on Employee Performance

Introduction The present literature review includes analysis and assessment of pertinent sources within the field of leadership. The goal of this literature review is twofold: The first goal is to examine the nature of abuse in the workplace, as it is necessary for a broader introspection into the specific problem...

Survey on Non-Infectious and Blood-Borne Diseases

Multiple myeloma Multiple myeloma, a cancer of the plasma cell, is a progressive hematological disease that is a treatable but incurable B-cell malignancy (Multiple myeloma, Multiple Myeloma.org). About 20000 new cases are diagnosed in the US every year. The plasma cell, which forms a significant part of the body’s defense...

Embedding and Sustaining Change in Saudi Schools

Introduction A lot of research has been conducted to reform the education system. This reformation has been aiming at improving the performance of students and schools. Most of these studies have been successful, coming up with good policies and strategies which would help to improve the education system(Plank 2009, p.457)...

• Relationship
• Marine Life
• Colonization

Meadow Brook: Developing a Performance Management System

Introduction Rapid globalization in the world in the recent years has led to a number of shared environmental problems. “As globalization continues and the earth’s natural processes transform local problems into international issues, few societies are being left untouched by major environmental problems.” (Environmental problems, 1999, para.1). One among these,...

Motivating Employees in High Street Estate Agencies

Introduction Has motivation any role in the overall performance of an organization? This question is among the most important questions in the field of management. Both theoretically and practically, the topic of motivation plays a central role whose integral position in performance translates to all levels of performance. On the...

Transition Experiences of First-Generation Latino Veterans

Abstract This proposal presents details for a research project that will investigate the lived experiences of first-generation Latino veterans who decided to stay in the US after military service. Up to ten former military members will be recruited from locations that offer veteran services. The project will then use semi-structured...

David: The Legacy of Leadership

Introduction The Bible interprets leadership as an act of serving and influencing others while having Christ’s interests at heart. Any person in Christ can turn to the Bible for excellent examples of leadership galore and learn from the greatest. Probably, one of the most influential leadership figures represented both in...

Real Estate Role in Sustainable Development

Introduction As far as adding to the scientific deliberation, the work of scholars gives non-specific systems to sustainable development. Such non-exclusive systems recommend that various procedures can be taken after as a major aspect of sustainable development, each of which views the idea of sustainability through various lenses, or a...

London for Investors: Organization of a Mini-Conference

Cultural and ethical background considerations of the conference participants London has become multicultural because of the entry of migrants from Asia and other parts of the world. The continuing growth of migration has occurred since early 2000, and this has contributed to the complexity of the London environment, but which...

Implementing Cost-Effective Stem Cell Innovation

Introduction Stem cell research is a branch of medicine that focuses on harvesting stem cells from living organisms for purpose of disease treatment (Ncbi.gov, 2010). It was first feasible in 1981 when stem cells were successfully isolated in mice; however, a breakthrough in isolating stem cells in a human was...

The Care Policy of Disabled Children in Jeddah

Disabled children care policy evaluation Policies are useful for business and non-profit organizations as well as governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations. Just like the policies for other organizations that are developed in line with the organizational objectives (Policy, p.15), the government policies should be developed and enacted in line with...

Turkish Airlines: Financial and Market Position

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to examine, evaluate, and underline the financial and market position of Turkish Airlines, which is a major service sector company in the relevant industry. This research has highlighted the financial conditions of the company by using the most recent data available from the...

Best Practices in Business and HRM

Introduction Human resource management has gone a long way from being an obscure and novel approach to a legitimate and widely recognized concept among all modern business practices. Academic efforts dedicated to studying and expanding the field of HRM have broadened the views on the subject and significantly improved the...

• Intelligence
• Alcohol Abuse
• Old Testament
• Breast Cancer

The Privatization of Health Care System in Saudi Arabia

Almalki, Fitzgerald & Clark (2011) stated that the policymakers and researchers are working with the healthcare industry of Saudi Arabia and they suggest to introducing gradual privatization of the health care services at public sector hospital; however, the government has already passed relevant law to put into practice of the...

From Breast Cancer to Zika Virus – Nursing Issues

Diabetes Type II and Oral Hygiene PICOT Question In patients aged 30–60, how can maintenance of oral hygiene by developing an oral health strategic plan as opposed to merely maintaining good hygiene (e.g., flossing, brushing teeth, etc.) influence the reduction of the diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, etc., over a...

Production as Indicator of Technological Progress

Executive Summary This paper bases on one of the seriously contested industrial topics: the functions of production and inputs in corporations. The study employed a triangulation method where data from various theoretical and empirical studies remained quite significant. Since there was no primary field data collected to validate the existing...

Attitudes to Rapists Among Men and Women

Introduction Rape constitutes the act of having sexual intercourse, against a person’s will. Majority of the experts in this field suggest that rape is as a result of an aggressive lust to dominate the victim, as opposed to the desire to achieve sexual fulfillment. They format rape to be an...

Organizational Justice and New Generation Employees

Organizational Justice Building relationships in an organizational environment is always fraught with difficulties due to the incongruences in the value systems of the participants. However, universal organizational values are expected to assist in creating a fair workplace for all participants, thus encouraging their motivation and engagement rates to grow. In...

Capital Punishment Abolition and Rights Violation

This paper will look at the capital punishment as it applies to cost, deterrence, and the innocence of the accused. It will discuss these issues as it applies to the overall benefit of abolishing the death penalty all together. It would also discuss and evaluate large scale violations of human...

Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style

Introduction Leaders are vision careers. As heads of organizations, leaders are anticipated to have the ability to manage their emotions so that they (emotions) do not get out of control irrespective of the challenges that leaders go through while attempting to enhance compliance to their visions (Parker, & Sorensen, 2008,...

High Rate of CHF Admission in Local Setting

Introduction Congestive heart failure, which is often abbreviated as CHF, is a condition that one’s heart is not able to pump sufficient blood to the other parts of the body (Kinchin 204). The condition can happen in a gradual process or a in a rapid process. The CHF conditions can...

Thai-Lay Fashion Co., Ltd Company Strategy

Executive Summary Thai-lay fashion Co. Ltd. is a garment manufacturing company in London. It is engaged in production of garments from 100% organically grown cotton. For exploiting the increasing demand trend of organic cotton garments among the consumer segments in UK, the company aims to follow appropriate marketing and financial...

Computer Operating System: Windows 8

Purpose The purpose of this assessment is to undertake marketing analysis of Windows 8, a computer operating system of Microsoft. In marketing analysis, the assessment will examine the market of computer operating systems with a view of positioning Windows 8. Since the computer operating systems are in the competitive markets...

• Cognitive Development
• Climate Change
• Legal Issues
• Artificial Intelligence

Forces for Good: Waikiki Business Improvement District Association

Introduction Any nonprofit organization’s work is motivated by the necessity to serve the public to make a positive social change. The needs of communities are met through nonprofits’ organized work through cooperation with multiple stakeholders, engage in volunteer work, initiate fundraising campaigns, and plan programs within their financial opportunities to...

Leadership Styles Definition and Analysis

An organization’s leadership is primarily focused on inspiring employees to achieve organizational tasks. It is also preoccupied with formulating a broader vision for an organization and developing stakeholder buy-in to support its achievements. There are various types of leadership styles used by managers to motivate their workers. Some of the...

The Santa Fe Time Series Prediction and Analysis Competition

The desire to predict the future and understand the past drives the search for laws that explain the behaviour of observed phenomena; examples range from the irregularity in a heartbeat to the volatility of a currency exchange rate. If there are known underlying deterministic equations, in principle they can be...

Personal Protective Equipment: The Safe and Effective Use in the Hospital

Introduction Background Safeguarding the health of the people within the community is one of the most important functions of the Health Authority. In case of an outbreak of communicable diseases such as influenza pandemic, Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome leading to public health emergencies, each hospital...

Improving Surgery Practices with Project Management Techniques

Project Background A cross-functional collaboration among professionals in various fields of practice is essential to improve the quality of their work. Particularly, this statement is relevant for integrating project management skills in healthcare where the role of process planning is obscured with the sense of urgency and the need of...

Challenges Within the Transport and Logistics Management

Abstract The effective management of transportation and logistics systems is crucial for the success of businesses and the economy. However, managers in this field encounter many challenges leading to delays, rising costs, and overall business inefficiency. This paper aimed to identify the challenges faced by transportation and logistics management. The...

“Mean Girls” by Mark Walters Movie Analysis

Here’s our Mean Girls analysis sample. Explore the summary, main themes, and setting of the movie with us! Mean Girls Essay Introduction ‘Mean girls’ is a teenage movie that bring about, certain aspects of teenage or adolescent issues mostly amongst the female gender. The movie is directed by Mark Walters...

The Impact of E-Commerce on the External Audit Process

Introduction Technology is here with us, it is here to stay, and therefore adopting technology has become a trend in many sectors of the economy. Despite the adoption of technology as a trend, it has proved to be the only way to survive in this competitive environment. Competition in all...

Corporate Social Responsibility Activities in Ladbrokes

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been anecdotally considered to provide organizational performance advantages in the contemporary market. However, the majority of the studies conducted on the impact of CSR have been rather focused on organizational performance, with little other mediating effects considered. Fewer studies still have been conducted regarding companies...

Human Rights and International Trade

Abstract There has been ignorance of trade policy and the working conditions of employees until recently when people discovered that trade policy affects peoples’ work. The other form of ignorance was in the international trade formulation or policy where people did not see the relation of international trade and human...

• Crime Investigation
• Social Marketing
• Social Media Marketing

What’s Important to Have Target Costing?

Introduction In today’s global business environment, the major constituents are the high level of competition worldwide, swift automation of production and another process through advancement in computer technology and production techniques, increased regulatory measures being taken by the governments in different regions with respect to environment and health issues. Moreover,...

Critical Issues to Planning and Implementation of Information Systems

Abstract The initial gist of this paper is the ‘information revolution’, spanning a period of technological innovations, from the internet to Information Technology, coupled with globalization and the rise of the multinationals. A new paradigm shift has emerged from this kind of revolution, and the organization’s trend is to implement...

Investment Strategy: Principle of Asset Allocation

Executive Summary Portfolio is a collection of investments held by a person or a company. The aim of selecting a portfolio is to achieve a desirable result of return through diversified risk. It will be unwise for an individual, to invest all his money in one project or security, since...

Societal Codependency and Enabling Issues

Introduction While there are various schools of thought regarding codependency, the general consensus is that a codependent person is one who perpetuates dependence of another person on the abuse of a chemical substance such as narcotic drugs or alcohol [WHO]; and thus standing on the way of recovery of this...

Nurse and Pharmacist Prescribing in the United Kingdom

Introduction Since time immemorial, administration of medications and drugs through prescription has always represented a paramount aspect especially in healthcare management. While prescriptions has served to lower the levels of morbidities and mortalities due to common illnesses, it has occasioned a jump in the cost of managing illness that is...

UK Anti-Terrorism Strategy and the Human Rights Implications on its Implementation

Introduction Terrorism is to be considered as an assault on universal human values and it represents activities undertaken against humanity. Terrorist acts pose a violent threat to the civilized communities of all states. Therefore, it is critically important that terrorism must be addressed employing the full range of available legal...

Risk Management is a Dynamic and Continuous Process

Introduction “Project Management: the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participant satisfaction,” (Wideman, 2010). For efficiently managing a project, a methodical comprehension and absolute information on...

The Disintegration of Damaged Muscle Tissue: Rhabdomyolysis

Introduction Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that leads to the disintegration of damaged muscle tissue. Through the disintegration of the muscle tissue, the skeletal structure of the body becomes weak. In addition, the residue from the disintegration process may accidentally be deposited into the blood stream giving the liver and the...

Effective Leadership Skills to Motivate and Empower Nursing Faculty

Introduction As Tate points out, “senior nurses are likely to engage in a range of leadership activities in their daily routine and some may find the concept hard to understand” (34). Leadership in nursing is an art that involves quality delivery of care and facilitating positive nursing growth among other...

Dubai Metro Project: A Better Way of Easing the Traffic Congestion

Introduction Dubai metro is a project that has been commissioned in Dubai to serve a population of 1.5million people and it’s forecasted that it will serve a population of 5.5 million people by the year 2020. The project is developed and operated by roads and transport authority and the red...

• Infertility
• Business Planning
• Business Strategy

Social and Environmental Reporting: Arguments Against

Introduction Corporate SERA (social environmental reporting) was created in order to expand on conventional models of financial reporting which puts emphasis on a company’s financial prosperity in order to include social and environmental dimensions (Elkington 1999). Corporate reporting and assurance guidelines are now more than simply optional and voluntary reporting...

Medical Negligence and Professional Indemnity

Introduction He was just 8 years old, and according to New South Wales Deputy State Coroner Scott Mitchell, his death could have been prevented. In a story published in The Daily Telegraph on August 16, 2011, Jacob Belim’s death was as a result of septic shock arising from a ruptured...

Banks and Security Lending: A Discussion

Introduction One of the major operations of banks in contemporary society is lending. This is whereby the bank makes money available to the public for various purposes in the form of loans. The borrower approaches the bank for a loan to finance various activities. These may include the purchase of...

Infusion Nurse for Weekend Coverage

Executive Summary Many factors have influenced the disbandment of hospital-based infusion therapies over the past sixty-five years. The laws of the state initially required hospital caregivers to provide all four infusion therapies. However, the rules changed at the beginning of the 1960s (Bolton, 2009). Due to these legal changes, there...

Carrefour Company’s New Product Marketing in the UAE

Introduction UAE is the largest and richest country of Middle East in Asia. In UAE, there are lots of hypermarkets are business successfully. Among them Carrefour is most known and dynamic in player, It is selling about 100,000 items to customers everyday. New product development is a continuous process and...

Nursing Articles Critique

Quantitative Analysis of Sex Differences in Traumas The Ethical Aspects of the Study Not presented. The study does not operate the consent of the subjects since it analyzes the data based on articles reviews (Tolin & Foa, 2006). The research uses neither the names nor the private data of the...

Improving the American International Bank Situation

Overview The American International Bank is a multinational corporation specializing in wholesale banking services. The bank has numerous of its subsidiaries in many parts of the world. Its core business is to meet the requirements of its customers overseas by offering a full range of banking and investment banking services....

Starbucks’s Stores and Canada’s Gross Domestic Product per Capita

Introduction The topic selected for this report is “Investigation of the relationship between the number of Starbucks’s stores per capita and Canada’s ‘GDP per Capita’.” Starbucks Coffee Company (Starbucks) is a leading coffee brand that has the largest chain of stores. It is based in Seattle, Washington and its shares...

Climate Change Factors and Impacts on Blue Crab Populations

Introduction As part of the natural world, humankind has interacted with the environment to some extent throughout its history. If initially, it was a harmonious relationship with other animals and plants, then the human began to show more consumerism. Over time, the world community began to show concern for the...

Oman Representation in Oman Culture

Introduction The main aim of this paper is to address the rare subject that entails the inclusion of the Oman culture in English literature. Oman is one of the most conducive places to visit in the United Arab Emirates. The region has a rich history, culture and background. In addition,...

The Problem of Application of Technologies in Education

Technologies have become an integral part of modern life. Digitalization could be noticed in medicine, building, and transportation, to name but a few areas affected by this process. Still, the implementation of new technological facilities and ways of schooling based on them is a highly disputable topic. In the present...

Public-Private Partnership

Introduction Popular and emerging trends in modern times in the implementation of civil engineering projects are public-private partnerships. Public-private partnership (PPP) is an approach that has gained popularity both in developing and developed nations calling for a detailed study of the approach that is used for developing public service infrastructure....

Fall Prevention Issues: Strategies and Key Concepts

Falls, especially in older adults, is a significant problem, the solutions to which are still being researched. In this paper, a synthesis of the literature that is relevant to education-based fall prevention is presented (see Appendices A and B). Since recent articles that consider fall education in isolation is not...

Risk Management and Its Process

Introduction Technical projects are exposed to risks that can be potentially damaging due to the cost of investments incurred in such projects (Kerzner, 2006). The exponential rise in project costs not projected before the start of a project are risks with the potential to damage project progress. McNeil, Frey, and...

Paired Programming Analysis

Executive Summary In the engineering of software, the software methodology applied plays a significant role in the final product of the process. For example, in a traditional linear model software is created following a set of steps and changes are often difficult and costly to implement. The pressure created by...

Investing in London: Conference for Investors

Group Cultural Dynamics The conference will include investors who have expressed interest in investing in the local economy. Most of these investors are from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates. They are Arabs who are strongly convinced that the city has a lot to offer to the investors in various...

Entrepreneurial Capability of Students and Business Development

Introduction According to the case synopsis, Steven has shown his entrepreneurial capability at the rising stage of his academic career through an initiative of starting a part- time home forwarding job. With a vision of moving for the achievement of twine goals (academic qualification and organizational success), Steven is now...

Information Management Systems: E-Business of Transport for London

Structured Abstract Purpose This paper explores the benefits accrued by organizations or institutions by embracing the modern methods of managing information. An efficient business needs thorough and methodological information management, which includes processing of information and making decisions. Information management system offers the information vital to run an organization effectively....

Renewable Energy Sources for Saudi Arabia

Introduction In the modern age, the transition to renewable energy sources may be inevitable. The continuous depletion of oil, environmentally unsafe measures of resource gathering and utilization, as well as the technological advances in the field of alternative energy, have shown that traditional energy sources are not going to be...

Veteran Student Performance and Activities

Subject: The Effects of Including Co-Curricular Activities on Veteran Student Performance: Final Evaluation Design Plan. The goal of this memo is to introduce an evaluation design plan to be applied to the Armed Services Arts Partnership (ASAP) program and the analysis of the effects of its co-curricular activities on student...

• Public Relations
• Emotional Intelligence

Emirati Airlines’ Open Skies Policies

Executive Summary This research paper is a mixed case study of the Open Skies policies of the Emirati airlines. The research engaged ten professionally competent constitutional experts who enriched this study with comprehensive empirical evidence. Using 20 questionnaires in the form qualitative and quantitative structure, the research discovered a lot...

TQM, Six Sigma and Product Liability in Perishable Food Industry

Introduction The food industry is a multifaceted, worldwide collective industry composed of different enterprises which together supply food products that are used by the global population. Only the individuals who thrive on the food they grow (subsistence farmers) cannot be considered within the scope of today’s food industry. From the...

Application of Fluid Inclusions in Geothermal Fields

Abstract Based on the fact that minerals are always made of aqueous matter, minute liquid-blebs could be collected within structures that are crystalline in nature or that have been with healed-fractures. The tiny blebs may be within the ranges of zero point one to one point zero millimeters; due to...

Acceleration Recorder and Playback Module Forecast

The application of technology started with the conversion of natural resources into plain tools. The feature refers to the assortment of skills, techniques, and procedures employed in the production of goods and services and the attainment of scientific goals. According to Roper (2011), technology is the application of knowledge in...

Improving Customer Loyalty And Patronage By Implementing Textmining Solutions

This research looks into the text mining activities of several companies on the aspect of text mining, which forms an integral part of improving customer loyalty and patronage. The research hypothesizes that the failure of text mining projects is specifically linked to improving customer loyalty and patronage. In turn, the...

The “Angry” Black Woman’s Guide to a Social Detox

Escaping Social Media & Traditional Society Modern life is difficult and full of stress, especially for a black woman in the traditionally masculine white society. Feeling content and happy, being satisfied with who you are, living a balanced life, and bringing love and harmony into the world is the purpose...

A Look at Firearms and Ballistics in Forensic Science

The culture of carrying a gun is strong in the U.S. and has deep historical and cultural roots. The majority of households have at least one firearm at their disposal. It is also relatively easy to become an owner of a weapon. Most people purchase guns in order to be...

Transactional Organized Crimes: Growth and Implications

Introduction The growth of international crime and transnational crime is a vital threat to the peaceful existence of humanity. Globalization and developments in the field of information systems have increased the scope of cross-border crimes as they have facilitated easy communication among world nations. Time and distance no longer create...

Asthma and Smoking Among Adult African Immigrants

Introduction The purpose of this study is to explore the association between asthma and smoking status among adult African immigrants in California. I intend to use a quantitative correlation approach to explore the association between asthma and smoking status and investigate the influence of selected demographic variables (such as age,...

Inquiry in the Field of Education: Critical and Historical Analysis of Inclusion of Students with Disabilities

Introduction One critical shift in the developments that have been taking place in the field of education is the movement from special education for students with disabilities to the emphasis on the creation of inclusive learning environments. Special education emphasizes the fact that students with disabilities possess physical, psychological, mental,...

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How to Write a Research Methodology for a Research Paper

Crafting a comprehensive research paper can be daunting. Understanding diverse citation styles and various subject areas presents a challenge for many.

Without clear examples, students often feel lost and overwhelmed, unsure of how to start or which style fits their subject.

Explore our collection of expertly written research paper examples. We’ve covered various citation styles and a diverse range of subjects.

So, read on!

• 1. Research Paper Example for Different Formats
• 2. Examples for Different Research Paper Parts
• 3. Research Paper Examples for Different Fields
• 4. Research Paper Example Outline

Research Paper Example for Different Formats

Following a specific formatting style is essential while writing a research paper . Knowing the conventions and guidelines for each format can help you in creating a perfect paper. Here we have gathered examples of research paper for most commonly applied citation styles :

Social Media and Social Media Marketing: A Literature Review

APA Research Paper Example

APA (American Psychological Association) style is commonly used in social sciences, psychology, and education. This format is recognized for its clear and concise writing, emphasis on proper citations, and orderly presentation of ideas.

Here are some research paper examples in APA style:

Research Paper Example APA 7th Edition

Research Paper Example MLA

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is frequently employed in humanities disciplines, including literature, languages, and cultural studies. An MLA research paper might explore literature analysis, linguistic studies, or historical research within the humanities. 

Here is an example:

Found Voices: Carl Sagan

Research Paper Example Chicago

Chicago style is utilized in various fields like history, arts, and social sciences. Research papers in Chicago style could delve into historical events, artistic analyses, or social science inquiries. 

Here is a research paper formatted in Chicago style:

Chicago Research Paper Sample

Research Paper Example Harvard

Harvard style is widely used in business, management, and some social sciences. Research papers in Harvard style might address business strategies, case studies, or social policies.

View this sample Harvard style paper here:

Harvard Research Paper Sample

Examples for Different Research Paper Parts

A research paper has different parts. Each part is important for the overall success of the paper. Chapters in a research paper must be written correctly, using a certain format and structure.

The following are examples of how different sections of the research paper can be written.

Research Proposal

The research proposal acts as a detailed plan or roadmap for your study, outlining the focus of your research and its significance. It's essential as it not only guides your research but also persuades others about the value of your study.

Example of Research Proposal

An abstract serves as a concise overview of your entire research paper. It provides a quick insight into the main elements of your study. It summarizes your research's purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions in a brief format.

Research Paper Example Abstract

Literature Review 

A literature review summarizes the existing research on your study's topic, showcasing what has already been explored. This section adds credibility to your own research by analyzing and summarizing prior studies related to your topic.

Literature Review Research Paper Example

Methodology

The methodology section functions as a detailed explanation of how you conducted your research. This part covers the tools, techniques, and steps used to collect and analyze data for your study.

Methods Section of Research Paper Example

How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper

The conclusion summarizes your findings, their significance and the impact of your research. This section outlines the key takeaways and the broader implications of your study's results.

Research Paper Conclusion Example

Research Paper Examples for Different Fields

Research papers can be about any subject that needs a detailed study. The following examples show research papers for different subjects.

History Research Paper Sample

Preparing a history research paper involves investigating and presenting information about past events. This may include exploring perspectives, analyzing sources, and constructing a narrative that explains the significance of historical events.

View this history research paper sample:

Many Faces of Generalissimo Fransisco Franco

Sociology Research Paper Sample

In sociology research, statistics and data are harnessed to explore societal issues within a particular region or group. These findings are thoroughly analyzed to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics present within these communities. 

Here is a sample:

A Descriptive Statistical Analysis within the State of Virginia

Science Fair Research Paper Sample

A science research paper involves explaining a scientific experiment or project. It includes outlining the purpose, procedures, observations, and results of the experiment in a clear, logical manner.

Here are some examples:

Science Fair Paper Format

What Do I Need To Do For The Science Fair?

Psychology Research Paper Sample

Writing a psychology research paper involves studying human behavior and mental processes. This process includes conducting experiments, gathering data, and analyzing results to understand the human mind, emotions, and behavior.

Here is an example psychology paper:

The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance

Art History Research Paper Sample

Studying art history includes examining artworks, understanding their historical context, and learning about the artists. This helps analyze and interpret how art has evolved over various periods and regions.

Check out this sample paper analyzing European art and impacts:

European Art History: A Primer

Research Paper Example Outline

Before you plan on writing a well-researched paper, make a rough draft. An outline can be a great help when it comes to organizing vast amounts of research material for your paper.

Here is an outline of a research paper example:

Here is a downloadable sample of a standard research paper outline:

Research Paper Outline

Want to create the perfect outline for your paper? Check out this in-depth guide on creating a research paper outline for a structured paper!

Good Research Paper Examples for Students

Here are some more samples of research paper for students to learn from:

Fiscal Research Center - Action Plan

Qualitative Research Paper Example

Research Paper Example Introduction

How to Write a Research Paper Example

Research Paper Example for High School

Now that you have explored the research paper examples, you can start working on your research project. Hopefully, these examples will help you understand the writing process for a research paper.

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