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• WIAT-III: Composites, Subtests, Appropriate Grades

Do all of the WIAT-III subtests have to be administered to the client 09-Apr-2019 • Knowledge

Information.

WIAT-III Composite Scores and Subtests making up each of the Composites.

Are all subtests required for a valid assessment score?

WIAT-III Composites and the Required Subtests to get Each According to Grade:

• Listening Comprehension
• Oral Expression
• Reading Comprehension
• Word Reading
• Pseudoword Decoding
• Oral Reading Fluency
• Alphabet Writing Fluency
• Sentence Composition
• Essay Composition
• Math Problem Solving
• Numerical Operations
• Math Fluency- Addition
• Math Fluency- Subtraction
• Math Fluency- Multiplication
• Early Reading Skills

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Wechsler Individual Achievement Test

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• First Online: 08 April 2017
• Cite this living reference work entry

• Ashley K. Hill 4 &
• Kristin L. Johnson 5  

Description

The Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Third Edition (WIAT-III) is an individually administered clinical instrument developed by Pearson and designed to assess academic achievement. Academic achievement is defined as the ability to apply cognitive skills and learned knowledge to grade-level expectations. The results obtained from the administration of the WIAT-III can be utilized to identify academic achievement strengths and weaknesses, inform educational decisions, diagnose a learning disability, and design interventions.

According to the technical manual, the WIAT-III is designed to be administered to individuals aged 4–19 years (or prekindergarten through grade 12).

The WIAT-III consists of 16 subtests designed to evaluate reading, writing, mathematic, listening, and speaking skills. Specific subtests related to reading include early reading skills, word reading, pseudoword decoding, reading comprehension, and oral reading fluency. Specific subtests...

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McCrimmon, A. W., & Climie, E. A. (2011). Test review. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 26 , 148–156.

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McCrimmon, A. W., & Smith, A. D. (2013). Test review. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31 , 337–341.

Wechsler, D. (2012). Wechsler individual achievement test (3rd ed.). San Antonio: NCS Pearson.

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Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Nationally Certified School Psychologist, Chicago, IL, USA

Ashley K. Hill

Applied Psychology and Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado, McKee 248, Box 131, 80631, Greeley, CO, USA

Kristin L. Johnson

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Correspondence to Ashley K. Hill .

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Richmond, Virgin Islands, USA

Jeffrey Kreutzer

Kessler Foundation , West Orange, New Jersey, USA

John DeLuca

Suite 200 , Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA

Bruce Caplan

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

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Hill, A.K., Johnson, K.L. (2017). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. In: Kreutzer, J., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1499-2

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1499-2

Received : 16 October 2016

Accepted : 20 March 2017

Published : 08 April 2017

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-319-56782-2

Online ISBN : 978-3-319-56782-2

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WIAT-III (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test®-Third Edition )

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WIAT Subtests and Composites

Here is a list of the subtests found on the WIAT-III test:

• Listening Comprehension – This subtest assesses an individual’s ability to understand spoken language, including understanding relationships, inferential reasoning, and comprehension of explicit and implicit information. It involves listening to stories or sentences and answering questions or explaining situations accordingly. This test is particularly useful for identifying issues in auditory processing or language comprehension.
• Oral Expression – The Oral Expression subtest measures an individual’s ability to express ideas, thoughts, and feelings effectively using spoken language. It involves tasks such as creating sentences, telling a story, and explaining the relationships between items. It helps to identify potential difficulties in verbal communication or language disorders.
• Early Reading Skills – This test gauges foundational reading skills such as phonological awareness, letter-sound correspondence, and basic sight word recognition. It’s designed primarily for young children or individuals beginning to learn to read. Poor performance can highlight struggles with the building blocks of reading.
• Word Reading – This subtest assesses an individual’s ability to accurately read and pronounce individual words presented in isolation. It’s used to measure single-word decoding skills, crucial in the development of fluent reading. Difficulty with this test could suggest dyslexia or other reading-related issues.
• *Pseudo word Decoding – The Pseudo Word Decoding test measures the ability to apply phonetic decoding skills to pronounce nonsense words. This subtest is not reliant on vocabulary knowledge and purely tests phonetic decoding ability, often utilized in assessing dyslexia or specific learning disorders in reading.
• Reading Comprehension – This subtest evaluates an individual’s capacity to understand and interpret written passages, including identifying main ideas, details, sequences, and drawing inferences. It measures the higher-order skills necessary for effective reading. Challenges here may indicate comprehension difficulties or broader reading disorders.
• Oral Reading Fluency – This subtest involves reading passages aloud under time constraints, assessing accuracy, speed, and proper expression. It serves to identify issues with fluent reading, which can interfere with reading comprehension. Struggles may suggest reading disorders or problems with working memory.
• Alphabet Writing Fluency, Spelling – This test measures the ability to write alphabet letters and spell words quickly and accurately. It’s used to identify potential issues in the basic writing and spelling skills, necessary for further writing development. Difficulties may point to dysgraphia or learning disorders in written expression.
• Sentence Composition – In this subtest, individuals are asked to combine and construct sentences, evaluating their syntactic and grammatical skills. It assesses the capacity to create and organize sentences, which are crucial for effective written communication. Challenges can suggest specific learning disorders in writing or language-based learning disabilities.
• Essay Composition – This test assesses an individual’s ability to plan and write an essay, evaluating organization, theme development, and syntactic maturity. It helps to identify potential difficulties in writing longer, cohesive pieces. Poor performance might indicate issues with expressive writing, planning, or organizing thoughts coherently.
• Math Problem Solving – This subtest evaluates the ability to use reasoning and problem-solving skills to solve real-world mathematical problems. It assesses comprehension of mathematical language and concepts and the ability to apply them appropriately. Difficulty in this area can indicate a specific learning disorder in mathematics or broader problems with numerical reasoning.
• Numerical Operations – This test measures an individual’s ability to perform number-based operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, both with and without the help of a calculator. It helps to identify potential difficulties in basic mathematical computation. Difficulties here may suggest dyscalculia or other math-related learning disorders.
• Math Fluency – Addition – This subtest evaluates an individual’s ability to solve single-digit addition problems quickly and accurately. It is performed under timed conditions, requiring the individual to complete as many problems as possible in a given time frame. This test helps identify difficulties related to basic numerical operations and mental calculation speed, which could suggest dyscalculia or other math-related learning disorders.
• Math Fluency – Subtraction – Similar to the Addition subtest, this test measures an individual’s speed and accuracy in solving single-digit subtraction problems under timed conditions. The individual is required to complete as many subtraction problems as possible within a set time limit. Difficulty in this subtest can indicate struggles with basic numerical operations and mental calculation speed, possibly suggesting dyscalculia or other learning disorders in math.
• Math Fluency – Multiplication – This subtest assesses an individual’s ability to solve single-digit multiplication problems accurately and swiftly. The individual must attempt to solve as many multiplication problems as they can within a given time frame. Poor performance on this test may suggest difficulties with multiplication fact retrieval and mental calculation speed, which could be indicative of dyscalculia or other math-related learning disorders.

Here is a list of the composites found on the WIAT-III test:

• Oral Language – This composite score is derived from the Listening Comprehension and Oral Expression subtests, evaluating an individual’s overall oral language skills. It reflects the ability to understand and express ideas, thoughts, and feelings using spoken language. It’s a critical measure for identifying potential language disorders or difficulties in verbal communication.
• Total Reading – This composite score is based on the Word Reading, Reading Comprehension, and Pseudo word Decoding subtests, providing a comprehensive measure of an individual’s reading skills. It covers various reading components, including decoding, fluency, and comprehension, and can identify potential reading difficulties or disorders like dyslexia.
• Basic Reading – This composite score is derived from the Word Reading and Pseudo word Decoding subtests, assessing an individual’s fundamental reading skills such as decoding and word recognition. It primarily evaluates the ability to recognize and pronounce words correctly, which is essential for reading fluency and comprehension. Poor scores may indicate reading-related disorders such as dyslexia.
• Reading Comprehension – This composite score is calculated from the Reading Comprehension and Oral Reading Fluency subtests. It evaluates an individual’s ability to understand and interpret written passages and read them aloud fluently. It’s an essential measure for identifying potential difficulties in reading comprehension and oral reading fluency.
• Fluency – The Fluency composite is derived from the Oral Reading Fluency and Math Fluency subtests. It assesses an individual’s speed and accuracy in reading aloud and solving math problems. Poor scores can indicate difficulties in reading fluency or basic math operations.
• Written Expression – This composite score is based on the Spelling, Sentence Composition, and Essay Composition subtests, providing a comprehensive measure of an individual’s writing skills. It covers various components of writing, including spelling, syntax, grammar, and composition. It’s a critical measure for identifying potential writing disorders or difficulties in written communication.
• Mathematics – This composite score is derived from the Math Problem Solving, Numerical Operations, and Math Fluency subtests, providing an overall measure of an individual’s math skills. It covers a range of math abilities, including basic computations, problem-solving, and math fluency. Poor scores may indicate math-related disorders such as dyscalculia.
• Math Fluency – This composite score is calculated from the Math Fluency – Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication subtests. It evaluates an individual’s speed and accuracy in performing basic math computations. Difficulty in this area can indicate struggles with math fluency, possibly suggesting dyscalculia or other math-related learning disorders.
• Total Achievement -This composite score is based on all the subtests, providing a broad measure of an individual’s academic skills across reading, writing, and mathematics. It’s a comprehensive measure of a person’s overall academic achievement and can help identify potential learning difficulties across multiple academic areas.

*Pseudo word decoding is reading a variety of nonsense words, where the your child must apply his or her phonetic knowledge to sound out unfamiliar words. This subtest is a good indication of reading problems such as dyslexia.

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test® – III (WIAT®-III) are trademarks of Pearson Education, Inc or its affiliate(s), or their licensors. TestingMom.com is not affiliated with nor related to Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates (“Pearson”).  Pearson does not sponsor or endorse any TestingMom.com product, nor have TestingMom.com products or services been reviewed, certified, or approved by Pearson.  Trademarks referring to specific test providers are used by TestingMom.com for nominative purposes only and such trademarks are solely the property of their respective owners.

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15 Responses

What is the age cap for the WIAT-111? Is it appropriate for 18-22 year olds?

TestingMom.com

Hi Deborah –

The age cap for the WIAT III is 50 years, 11 months.

All the best,

Please send me the SLIME recipie …. My grandson,S autism counsellor found this awesome recipie when she was not retired and using your site !!!! It was the best !!!! I,d love to make it with him !!!

Many thanks, Laura

Necole Blackwell

What is the accepted score for gifted services based on the WIAT-III? 85 or higher? 90 or higher?

Hi Necole –

The scores for gifted admission vary from school district to school district. Please check your school districts website or reach out to the districts Gifted Department for your districts specific requirements.

Hi Necole, Just to follow up with your comment: Like “Testing Mom” shared, scores for Gifted and Talented will vary based on school district. But understand that a SS of 100 is average. A SS of 85 is a SD below the mean, and is in the low average range of a student’s expected performance.

A SD above the mean would be 115. That is a standard score that is much more likely to be captured within a district’s requirement for Gifted and Talented.

How is the wechsler intelligence scale for children III results determined from the verbal subtests and what are the result options for each result?

Hi Cole –

I do apologize; as we do not score the test, we are unable to answer specific questions such as this.

Is it possible for a pseudo word decoding score to be affected by previous phonics instruction? Could this score be improved by “overlearning?” I’m wondering if our past reading intervention has caused my son’s pseudo word decoding score to be higher than it would otherwise be. I had him tested after he had triumphed in the reading category (after years of diligent work learning to read) because I was still worried about his spelling and writing (at 10 years of age). He is still struggling with spelling and essay composition (three years post testing) despite 4 times a week one-on-one Orton Gillingham style spelling instruction. His essay composition is riddled with spelling and usage errors although the content and syntax are above average. The essays are always very short. Three years ago I was told that he had no learning disabilities at the time of testing. I was told all his problems were related to processing speed. However, he can’t spell no matter how long he takes and he has had plenty of instruction! Is it possible that I sabotaged the test with overlearning?

My grandson is in 10th grade and has a learning disability in reading. His oral reading fluency test identified him in the 14th percentile. It was the only test he scored below average. How can his parents remediate this area, as it doesn’t appear the school will address it other than accommodations at this time. Mary

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My child is 4 and will be taking this test in January for admission to a charter school. It is given on an iPad. Do you have something to help her succeed?

Please email us at [email protected] and we can help walk you through the process of finding more resources for the WIAT-III and more.

Hello, With learning difficulties, what is the best way to measure where the child is at? I do wonder if I test a child on the year level they are in or the year level they are supposed to be in (if held back) or am I better to go with age?

Please reach out to our Parent Success Team at [email protected] or by calling (877) 609-6203. They will be more than happy to assist you with this situation.

Hi, great information that summarizes the WIAT III nicely for parents. I just wanted to point out one error. The Mathematics Composite score does not include Math Fluency. That is a separate composite, as per the WIAT III user’s manual. The Math Fluency Composite includes the addition, subtraction, and multiplication subtests.

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Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-III )

The Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-III) is a comprehensive, individually administered test for assessing the achievement of children, adolescents, tertiary students and young adults who are aged four years to 19 years, 11 months or in preschool through to Year 12.

Skills assessed with WIAT-III

• The Oral Language score indicates how well a child performs on tasks measuring the ability to listen for details as well as verbal word fluency.
• The Total Reading score indicates how well a child performs on tasks that assess word recognition skills and reading comprehension abilities.
• The Basic Reading score indicates how well a child performs on reading tasks using both real and made-up words.
• The Reading Comprehension and Fluency score indicates how well a child performs on tasks requiring accuracy of reading and comprehension of texts.
• The Written Expression score indicates how well a child performs on tasks assessing basic skills such as letter formation and spelling as well as more complex skills such as written word fluency and essay composition.
• The Mathematics score indicates how well a child performs on tasks evaluating one’s ability to identify and write numbers and solve mathematics calculations, problem-solve mathematical worded questions and compute answers in a given timeframe.
• The Maths Fluency score indicates how well a child performs on timed tasks using addition, subtraction and multiplication assessing the ability to compute fluently.

The Total Achievement Score indicates overall academic functioning.

The WIAT-III is often requested by parents and school counsellors as the detailed results are invaluable for teachers developing Individual Learning Plans (ILPs) for the school setting. It is usually conducted in conjunction with the WISC-V for a comprehensive academic and cognitive assessment .

About Psychological Assessments

An assessment involves gathering and collating detailed information to explore a diagnosis and treatment plan delivered by our highly experienced staff. Because each child is different, individual assessments can vary. ‍ Assessment results are compiled in a detailed psychological report that includes relevant background information, medical history, a summary of observations and practical recommendations.