essay questions on world wide web

The Internet and the World Wide Web Concepts

The Internet and the World Wide Web play an important role in everyday life. Nonetheless, the Internet contributes to the connection between the computer and the storage of the files. In turn, the World Wide Web enables the access with the assistance of the hypertexts. In the end, the principles of the World Wide Web have evolved over a period, and now Web 2.0 provides a wider range of opportunities for users. Lastly, the RSS technology is beneficial to Web 2.0 due to the ability to summarize the content to subscribers.

What is the Internet?

The Internet is a computer network, which contributes to the storage of the information (Johnson, 1995). Moreover, the information system components are linked with each other by using the Internet Protocols and enable the communication between the users ( The Internet , 2010). As for the applications and usage of the Internet, the key uses include using the email, accessing news, remote login, and sharing and transferring files ( The Internet , 2010). Nonetheless, the development of the World Wide Web expanded its opportunities and made it available for a wide range of users due to its interactivity, comfort, ergonomics, and expanded functions. Additionally, the Internet expands its capabilities and allows conducting video conferences, broadcasting, streaming, and having P2P applications ( The Internet , 2010). In the end, the Internet is a necessary attribute of the everyday life due to its ability to combine all the necessary functions while being easy in usage.

What is the World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web is a combination of the Internet servers, which utilizes hyperlinks and HTTP language to retrieve the data such as documents, pictures, audio and videos (Baldauf & Stair, 2010). The primary goal is to connect the computers. This aspect contributes to the creation of sufficient communication between the users. The World Wide Web is applied for linking the documents, communication between the users by using protocols, and the creation of the documents and a network between them (Baldauf & Stair, 2010). In this instance, the hyperlink is the core tool while connecting the documents with each other while using the World Wide Web. The hyperlink contributes to having access to the right file at the right time. In the end, the World Wide Web is an essential instrument for communication in modern society due to the importance of the Internet connection nowadays.

What is the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

The Internet is a combination of hardware and software, which connects the computers in one network. In turn, the web constitutes the main image of the Internet as being an application such as email. In the end, the web is the simple interface, which makes the usage of the Internet easy (Johnson, 1995). In this instance, the World Wide Web can be referred to as the software, which is utilized to retrieve the data, which is demanded by the users of the Internet (Baldauf & Stair, 2010). In turn, the Internet is a sufficient database, which is constructed by connecting multiple computers. In the end, the World Wide Web enables the sufficient functioning of the Internet and makes it easy to use by the regular users by using a creative, interesting, and comfortable software. In this instance, the resources of the Internet are available to the public.

What are three purported differences between the World Wide Web as it first emerged, and the more recent Web 2.0?

Firstly, CompuServe Information Service existed, and it contributed to the development of GIFs and allowed having access to the email, forums, files, and chat (Eppink, 2014). Nowadays, the functions of Web 2.0 are more spread, as the social networks have a tendency to exist and enhance different kinds of communications (Geogensu & Popescul, 2015). Furthermore, Web 2.0 uses advanced technology and instruments such as RSS feeds, streaming, blogs, and social networks (Arya & Mishra, 2012). In turn, the firstly established World Wide Web used the principles of hypertext, which created complications for the regular users (Turnbull, 2010). In the case of Web 2.0, it is more simplified, and the applications are easy and interactive to utilize by the average users. In the end, the primary differences are the variety of instruments and opportunities and comfortability in usage, as, nowadays, software is more interactive and easy to utilize.

What is RSS and why is it significant to Web 2.0?

The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology can be defined as the World Wide Web instrument, which allows, “the subscribers receive daily or periodic updates of their favorite blogs” (Baldauf & Stair, 2010). In this instance, this tool utilizes the XML to provide the subscribers with the desired content on a regular basis. It remains evident that the RSS technology plays a significant role in the Web 2.0 development, as this approach contributes to the development of the structured feed of the blogs, which can be actively promoted in the social networks. The primary benefit of using the RSS technology in Web 2.0 is the ability to deliver the summarized data of the updates and deliver it to the final subscribers of the blog. In the end, the RSS approach is an essential attribute, as it can be used for various purposes such as educational (Lee, Miller, & Newnman, 2008).

Arya, H., & Mishra, J. (2012). Oh! Web 2.0, virtual reference service 2.0, tools & techniques (II). Journal of Library and Information Services in Distance Learning, 6 (1), 28-46. Web.

Baldauf, K., & Stair, R. (2010). Succeeding with Technology: Computer concepts for your life . Boston, MA: Course Technology Cengage Learning.

Eppink, J. (2014). A brief history of GIF (so far). Journal of Visual Culture, 13 , 298-306.

Geogensu, M., & Popescul, D. (2015). Social media – The new paradigm of collaboration and communication for the business environment. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20 , 277-282. Web.

Johnson, A. (1995). The Internet and the World Wide Web explained. Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 18 (3), 109–113. Web.

Lee, M., Miller, C., & Newnman, L. (2008). RSS and content syndication in higher education: Subscribing to the new model of teaching and learning. Educational Media International, 45 (4), 311-322. Web.

The Internet. (2010). Web.

Turnbull, P. (2010). Historians, computing and the World Wide Web. Australian Historical Studies, 41 (2), 131-148. Web.

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CERN Accelerating science

short history web

A short history of the Web

The Web has grown to revolutionise communications worldwide

Where the Web was born

Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.

CERN is not an isolated laboratory, but rather the focal point for an extensive community that includes more than 17 000 scientists from over 100 countries. Although they typically spend some time on the CERN site, the scientists usually work at universities and national laboratories in their home countries. Reliable communication tools are therefore essential.

The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the evolving technologies of computers, data networks and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system.

How the Web began

Hypertext,Document retrieval,Information management,web,Project control,Computers and Control Rooms

Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first proposal for the World Wide Web in March 1989 and his second proposal in May 1990 . Together with Belgian systems engineer Robert Cailliau, this was formalised as a management proposal in November 1990. This outlined the principal concepts and it defined important terms behind the Web. The document described a "hypertext project" called "WorldWideWeb" in which a "web" of "hypertext documents" could be viewed by “browsers”.

By the end of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had the first Web server and browser up and running at CERN, demonstrating his ideas. He developed the code for his Web server on a NeXT computer. To prevent it being accidentally switched off, the computer had a hand-written label in red ink: " This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!! "

info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first website and Web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. The first Web page address was http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

This page contained links to information about the WWW project itself, including a description of hypertext, technical details for creating a Web server, and links to other Web servers as they became available.

The WWW design allowed easy access to existing information and an early web page linked to information useful to CERN scientists (e.g. the CERN phone book and guides for using CERN’s central computers). A search facility relied on keywords - there were no search engines in the early years.

Berners-Lee’s original Web browser running on NeXT computers showed his vision and had many of the features of current Web browsers. In addition, it included the ability to modify pages from directly inside the browser – the first Web editing capability. This screenshot shows the browser running on a NeXT computer in 1993 .

The Web extends

Only a few users had access to a NeXT computer platform on which the first browser ran, but development soon started on a simpler, ‘line-mode’ browser , which could run on any system. It was written by Nicola Pellow during her student work placement at CERN.

In 1991, Berners-Lee released his WWW software. It included the ‘line-mode’ browser, Web server software and a library for developers. In March 1991, the software became available to colleagues using CERN computers. A few months later, in August 1991, he announced the WWW software on Internet newsgroups and interest in the project spread around the world.

Going global

Thanks to the efforts of Paul Kunz and Louise Addis, the first Web server in the US came online in December 1991, once again in a particle physics laboratory: the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in California. At this stage, there were essentially only two kinds of browser. One was the original development version, which was sophisticated but available only on NeXT machines. The other was the ‘line-mode’ browser, which was easy to install and run on any platform but limited in power and user-friendliness. It was clear that the small team at CERN could not do all the work needed to develop the system further, so Berners-Lee launched a plea via the internet for other developers to join in. Several individuals wrote browsers, mostly for the X-Window System. Notable among these were MIDAS by Tony Johnson from SLAC, Viola by Pei Wei from technical publisher O'Reilly Books, and Erwise by Finnish students from Helsinki University of Technology.

Early in 1993, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois released a first version of its Mosaic browser. This software ran in the X Window System environment, popular in the research community, and offered friendly window-based interaction. Shortly afterwards the NCSA released versions also for the PC and Macintosh environments. The existence of reliable user-friendly browsers on these popular computers had an immediate impact on the spread of the WWW. The European Commission approved its first web project (WISE) at the end of the same year, with CERN as one of the partners. On 30 April 1993, CERN made the source code of WorldWideWeb available on a royalty-free basis, making it free software. By late 1993 there were over 500 known web servers, and the WWW accounted for 1% of internet traffic, which seemed a lot in those days (the rest was remote access, e-mail and file transfer). 1994 was the “Year of the Web”. Initiated by Robert Cailliau, the First International World Wide Web conference was held at CERN in May. It was attended by 380 users and developers , and was hailed as the “Woodstock of the Web”.

As 1994 progressed, stories about the Web hit the media. A second conference, attended by 1300 people, was held in the US in October, organised by the NCSA and the newly-formed International WWW Conference Committee (IW3C2). By the end of 1994, the Web had 10 000 servers - 2000 of which were commercial - and 10 million users. Traffic was equivalent to shipping the entire collected works of Shakespeare every second. The technology was continually extended to cater for new needs. Security and tools for e-commerce were the most important features soon to be added.

Open standards

An essential point was that the web should remain an open standard for all to use and that no-one should lock it up into a proprietary system. In this spirit, CERN submitted a proposal to the Commission of the European Union under the ESPRIT programme: “WebCore”. The goal of the project was to form an international consortium, in collaboration with the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1994, Berners-Lee left CERN to join MIT and founded the International World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Meanwhile, with approval of the LHC project clearly in sight, CERN decided that further web development was an activity beyond the laboratory’s primary mission. A new European partner for W3C was needed.

The European Commission turned to the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Controls (INRIA), to take over CERN's role. In April 1995, INRIA became the first European W3C host, followed by Keio University of Japan (Shonan Fujisawa Campus) in Asia in 1996. In 2003, ERCIM (European Research Consortium in Informatics and Mathematics) took over the role of European W3C Host from INRIA. In 2013, W3C announced Beihang University as the fourth Host. In September 2018, there were more than 400 member organisations from around the world.

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The Invention of the Internet

By: History.com Editors

Updated: October 28, 2019 | Original: July 30, 2010

Unlike technologies such as the light bulb or the telephone, the internet has no single “inventor.” Instead, it has evolved over time. The internet got its start in the United States more than 50 years ago as a government weapon in the Cold War. For years, scientists and researchers used it to communicate and share data with one another. Today, we use the internet for almost everything, and for many people it would be impossible to imagine life without it.

The Sputnik Scare

On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world’s first manmade satellite into orbit. The satellite, known as Sputnik, did not do much: It relayed blips and bleeps from its radio transmitters as it circled the Earth. Still, to many Americans, the beach-ball-sized Sputnik was proof of something alarming: While the brightest scientists and engineers in the United States had been designing bigger cars and better television sets, it seemed, the Soviets had been focusing on less frivolous things—and they were going to win the Cold War because of it.

Did you know? Today, almost one-third of the world’s 6.8 billion people use the internet regularly.

After Sputnik’s launch, many Americans began to think more seriously about science and technology. Schools added courses on subjects like chemistry, physics and calculus. Corporations took government grants and invested them in scientific research and development. And the federal government itself formed new agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), to develop space-age technologies such as rockets, weapons and computers.

The Birth of the ARPAnet

Scientists and military experts were especially concerned about what might happen in the event of a Soviet attack on the nation’s telephone system. Just one missile, they feared, could destroy the whole network of lines and wires that made efficient long-distance communication possible.

In 1962, a scientist from M.I.T. and ARPA named J.C.R. Licklider proposed a solution to this problem: a “galactic network” of computers that could talk to one another. Such a network would enable government leaders to communicate even if the Soviets destroyed the telephone system.

In 1965, another M.I.T. scientist developed a way of sending information from one computer to another that he called “packet switching.” Packet switching breaks data down into blocks, or packets, before sending it to its destination. That way, each packet can take its own route from place to place. Without packet switching, the government’s computer network—now known as the ARPAnet—would have been just as vulnerable to enemy attacks as the phone system.

On October 29, 1969, ARPAnet delivered its first message: a “node-to-node” communication from one computer to another. (The first computer was located in a research lab at UCLA and the second was at Stanford; each one was the size of a small house.) The message—“LOGIN”—was short and simple, but it crashed the fledgling ARPA network anyway: The Stanford computer only received the note’s first two letters.

The Network Grows

By the end of 1969, just four computers were connected to the ARPAnet, but the network grew steadily during the 1970s.

In 1971, it added the University of Hawaii’s ALOHAnet, and two years later it added networks at London’s University College and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway. As packet-switched computer networks multiplied, however, it became more difficult for them to integrate into a single worldwide “internet.”

By the end of the 1970s, a computer scientist named Vinton Cerf had begun to solve this problem by developing a way for all of the computers on all of the world’s mini-networks to communicate with one another. He called his invention “Transmission Control Protocol,” or TCP. (Later, he added an additional protocol, known as “Internet Protocol.” The acronym we use to refer to these today is TCP/IP.) One writer describes Cerf’s protocol as “the ‘handshake’ that introduces distant and different computers to each other in a virtual space.”

The World Wide Web

Cerf’s protocol transformed the internet into a worldwide network. Throughout the 1980s, researchers and scientists used it to send files and data from one computer to another. However, in 1991 the internet changed again. That year, a computer programmer in Switzerland named Tim Berners-Lee introduced the World Wide Web: an internet that was not simply a way to send files from one place to another but was itself a “web” of information that anyone on the Internet could retrieve. Berners-Lee created the Internet that we know today.

Since then, the internet has changed in many ways. In 1992, a group of students and researchers at the University of Illinois developed a sophisticated browser that they called Mosaic. (It later became Netscape.) Mosaic offered a user-friendly way to search the Web: It allowed users to see words and pictures on the same page for the first time and to navigate using scrollbars and clickable links.

That same year, Congress decided that the Web could be used for commercial purposes. As a result, companies of all kinds hurried to set up websites of their own, and e-commerce entrepreneurs began to use the internet to sell goods directly to customers. More recently, social networking sites like Facebook have become a popular way for people of all ages to stay connected.

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The World Wide Web: The Invention That Connected The World

Editorial feature.

By Google Arts & Culture

CDC 6600 Super Computer (1968) by Control Data Limited Science Museum

As we reach the web’s 30th birthday, we reflect on its history – from its hardware foundations to the 5 billion person network we see today

The internet is a huge network of computers all connected together, but it was the world wide web that made the technology into something that linked information together and made it accessible to everyone. In essence, the world wide web is a collection of webpages found on this network of computers – your browser uses the internet to access the world wide web. The world wide web was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 – originally he was trying to find a new way for scientists to easily share the data from their experiments. Hypertext (text displayed on a computer display that links to other text the reader can immediately access) and the internet already existed, but no one had thought of a way to use the internet to link one document directly to another.

CDC 6600 Super Computer (From the collection of Science Museum)

Tim Berners-Lee, pioneer of the World Wide Web (1990) by CERN Science Museum

Tim Berners-Lee, c. 1990s (From the collection of CERN)

Berners-Lee created the world wide web while he was working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Switzerland. His vision soon went beyond a network for scientists to share information, in that he wanted it to be a universal and free 'information space' to share knowledge, to communicate, and to collaborate. You can find out more about how his work on the world wide web at CERN began, here . There are three main ingredients that make up the world wide web. URL (uniform resource locator), which is the addressing scheme to find a document; HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), which connects computers together; and HTML (hypertext markup language), which formats pages containing hypertext links.

CERN Mundaneum

Data Center of CERN (From the collection of Munaneum)

Berners-Lee also made the world’s first web browser and web server. During the 1990s the amount of web browsers being produced rapidly multiplied and a whole load more web-based technologies started sprouting up. To get a sense of how the world wide web has developed since its creation, check out this video below:

Original NeXT computer used by Sir Tim Berners-Lee to design the World Wide Web (1990) by NeXT Science Museum

Original NeXT computer used by Tim Berners-Lee to design the world wide web (From the collection of Science Museum)

The world wide web opened up the internet to everyone, not just scientists. It connected the world in a way that made it much easier for people to get information, share, and communicate. It has since allowed people to share their work and thoughts through social networking sites, blogs, video sharing, and more.

An image of the first page of Tim Berners-Lee's proposal for the World Wide Web in March 1989. (1989-03-01) by CERN / Tim Berners-Lee CERN

An image of the first page of Tim Berners-Lee's proposal for the world wide web in March 1989 (From the collection of CERN)

A screenshot showing the NeXT world wide web browser (1990-01-01) by Tim Berners-Lee CERN

A screenshot showing the NeXT world wide web browser by Tim Berners-Lee (From the collection of CERN)

Explore more: – How Computers Transformed Communication

Visite guidée du Mundaneum

The hunt for the higgs boson, the science of lightsabers: the science museum celebrates star wars day on #maythe4th, science museum, towards the information age, the birth of the world wide web, coins and the treachery of images, "the belgian press during the first world war", no small matter: exploring the strange world of antimatter, watt’s workshop: a window into the polymath’s world, norbert ghisoland, 10 things you (probably) didn't know about cern, science museum, london uk.

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Home / Essay Samples / Information Science and Technology / Computer Science / World Wide Web

World Wide Web Essay Examples

A solution for securing a network based on intrusion detection systems.

World Wide Web has seen as massive growth in different kinds of web services that include social networking, blogs. Sites like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn are the most viewed websites on the Web. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is software application which monitors the network or...

The Use of Internet for Entertainment

The Internet has had a big impact on the entertainment industry, especially since people can use it from the comfort of their homes, more so with the introductions of portable devices like tablets and mobile phones as the user can access music, movies and games...

Online Communication and Its Kinds

Before the electronic media, there were just two sorts of communication, verbal and non-verbal. In any case, with the landing of the World Wide Web, there are a plenty of strategies that individuals would now be able to speak with each other. The online communication...

Why You Need to Plan Seo to Tackle Online Reputation

Have you ever planned to face bitter part of online reputation? If not, you start today. Online Reputation Management is challenge for any organisation, Celebrities, Famous personalities or Individuals. With the easy access of internet and social media sites customer can put your brands on...

Autoregeneration of a Virtual Network from a Captured Traffic

The traffic that is flowing through the network can be captured and not only be utilized for identifying the fault in the network but can also be used to create a virtual network which can play a crucial role in the field of security. The...

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