essay questions on caged bird

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

Maya angelou, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

Caged Bird Sings: Introduction

Caged bird sings: plot summary, caged bird sings: detailed summary & analysis, caged bird sings: themes, caged bird sings: quotes, caged bird sings: characters, caged bird sings: symbols, caged bird sings: theme wheel, brief biography of maya angelou.

Historical Context of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

Other books related to i know why the caged bird sings.

• Full Title: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
• When Written: 1969
• Where Written: USA
• When Published: 1969
• Literary Period: Postwar / Contemporary
• Genre: Memoir / autobiographical fiction
• Setting: Stamps, Arkansas; St. Louis; California
• Point of View: Maya narrates in 1st person.

Extra Credit for I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

Inaugural Poet. In 1993, Angelou recited her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton. This made her the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since Robert Frost in 1961.

78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best i know why the caged bird sings topic ideas & essay examples, 📌 most interesting i know why the caged bird sings topics to write about, 👍 good research topics about i know why the caged bird sings, ❓ i know why the caged bird sings essay questions.

• “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou I choose to analyze the poem from two perspectives that are; a poem denoting the life of Maya through the ups and downs of her life and from a bird’s eye view, a poem describing […]
• Racial Segregation in the “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou Maya’s understanding of the racist attitudes of the town dentist renders shock when she discovers that her grandmother intends to take her to him. Maya’s solution to the racist treatment she and her grandmother receive […]
• Maya Angelou: Racism and Segregation in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” An example is that, as she fails to recite her poem in church, she notes that her dress is probably a handout from a white woman.
• Dr. Maya Angelou and Her Leadership Abilities However, it was not solely due to the Angelou’s progressiveness in how she went about exposing the ugly face of white racism that she was able to attain a fame of one of the most […]
• I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou: A Coming-To-Age Story In the case of Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”, the social-cultural factors that impede the main character’s development are also the elements that contribute to her coming of age.
• I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the Novel by Maya Angelou In Angelou’s words, if the black boxer Louis lost the match to the white boxer Schmeling, “this might be the end of the world.
• Maya Angelou’s Journey Towards Acceptance of Self In this paper, I will aim to confirm the soundness of namely Walker’s suggestion, while pointing out to the fact that, by the end of Angelou’s novel, Maya did not only become fully self-aware individual, […]
• I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou: Three Stages of Spiritual Revival The events described in the novel are sometimes so shocking that seem almost unbelievable; having got familiarized with the life story of the protagonist Maya, a reader sees that having faced numerous troubles and challenges, […]
• Characters in Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” and Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” The author presents challenges faced in the society as a result of the mixture racial and gender discrimination that a young black girl goes through in search of her dream and personal identity.
• Skewed Perceptions in Maya Angelou’s Novel “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” This harsh assessment is a testament to growing up in the America during the first half of the nineteenth century; Angelou might be predisposed at a young age to resent her and to admire the […]
• The Significance of Motherhood Throughout “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Quest for Self-Determination in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” and Lakota Woman
• The Theme of a Cage in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Historical Background of “The Color Purple,” “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,” And “The Awakening”
• The “Powhitetrash” Children of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Presence of Exemplar Male Figures in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Metaphors and Imagery of Freedom in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Facing and Winning Over Adversities in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Sex, Rape, and Racism in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Issue of Censorship in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Idea of Displacement in the Novel “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Character of Maya Angelou in the “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Effect of Racism in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Influences on the Childhood of Maya Angelou in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Metaphor of the Caged Bird in the Novel “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou and the Poem “Sympathy” by Paul Laurence Dunbar
• The Great Depression in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Symbolism of a Cage in Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Quest for Identity in the Novels “The Book Thief” by Markus Zusak, “The Joy Luck Club” by Amy Tan, and “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Race Relations in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Three Lessons About the Way of Life in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Stylistic Devices in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Impact of Prejudice in the Author’s Work in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Survival in “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway and “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Traumatic Experiences of Maya Angelou in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• Dialect, Characterization, and Setting in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Dignity and Recognition in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Controversies in Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Journey of the Protagonist in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Self-Discovery in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Life’s Foundations in Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” and Russell Baker’s “Growing Up”
• Positive Effects From Mother Figures on Marguerite Johnson in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• Hopes, Dreams, and Reality in the Chapter Graduation in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Vivid Descriptions in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• “The House on Mango Street” by Sandra Cisneros Compared to “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Pride in One’s Race in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Wisdom of Maya Angelou in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Element of Language in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• The Literary Elements of Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• The Provocative and Eccentric Lifestyle of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou
• Citation of Black Prejudice During 1930’s in a Passage of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” as Written by Maya Angelou
• Coming of Age and Maturity in J.D. Salinger’s “Catcher in the Rye” and Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• Complexities of Maya Angelou’s Autobiographical “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”
• How Maya Angelou Gives Personal Account of Her Life in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Is the Main Message of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Death, Rebirth, and Renewal Are Depicted in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Does Death Metaphor Mean in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Are the Positive Effects From Mother Figures in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Trauma Recovery Is Imaged in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Winning Over Adversities Is Imaged in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Maya Angelou Shows and Not Tells in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Americanism Is Illustrated in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Is the Subjugation and Resistance in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Is the Imagery of Freedom in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Black Female Survival Is Showed in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Is the Quest for Identity in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Are the Three Lessons About the Way of Life in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Are the Problems of Motherhood in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Is the Message of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Feminist Thoughts Described in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Psychological Sufferings Are Described in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How to Overcome Violence and Abuse According to “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Did Maya Angelou Show Her Political Voice in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Are the Thematic and Narrative Concerns in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Are the Elements of Wit and Humour in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• How Slavery and Racism Are Imaged in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
• What Dialect Are Used in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” and How?
• What Are the Experiences of Marginalized Women in “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”?
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IvyPanda. (2023, December 7). 78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-essay-examples/

"78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 7 Dec. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2023) '78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 7 December.

IvyPanda . 2023. "78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." December 7, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." December 7, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "78 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." December 7, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-essay-examples/.

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I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings

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Religious fundamentalism, central to Maya’s life in Stamps, is an invisible yet constant presence in Momma Henderson’s home. How does it shape Maya’s worldview in her formative years, and to which extent it is reflected in her personality?

The structure of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is thematic, rather than chronological, which makes it stand out among other coming-of-age autobiographies. Using specific examples from the text, explain how and for what purpose Angelou utilizes the non-chronological narrative .

What techniques, common to fiction, but less characteristic of autobiography, does Angelou use in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ? List specific examples and explain what purpose they serve in the text. 

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I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

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Caged Bird Analysis Essay

“Caged Bird” is a poem by Maya Angelou that tells the story of a bird who is trapped and cannot fly free. The bird represents all those who are oppressed and feel like they can never be truly free. Angelou’s powerful words inspire hope and show that it is possible to break free from oppression. This poem is a classic example of Angelou’s work which often deals with themes of race, identity, and injustice.

“Caged Bird” is a poem by Maya Angelou, which was published in 1983 and describes people of her race as the caged bird while the other bird represents white supremacy. During Maya Angelou’s childhood, African Americans were subjected to prejudice and a variety of challenges. The only logical option for these individuals to defend themselves was through speech. To demonstrate how African Americans strived for liberty even when their rulers did not listen to them, Angelou employs repetition.

Furthermore, the use of literary devices such as allusion, simile, and metaphors are used to enhance the message being sent across. In conclusion, Caged Bird is a poem that will make people think about how African Americans were feeling during Maya Angelou’s time and even now.”

“His wings are cut short and his toes are bound, so he opens his throat to sing.”(Angelou) The writer is implying that the bird is being held back but nevertheless has a voice. In order to draw attention to a certain situation, expressing the obvious disrespect was the only option in this period of time.

“The caged African American “stalks down his cramped cage,” which prevents him from seeing much beyond his rage-filled bars” (Angelou) is suggesting that Americans of African descent are furious because they have and continue to live through this tragedy.

They were put in cages, comparable to being slaves and didn’t have any voice or power. The Caged bird “sings of freedom” because he/she longs for it. This poem is very symbolic because it’s not only about the physical restraints of a caged bird, but also about how African Americans felt during that time, which was trapped and unspoken for.

Caged Bird is a poem about, as the title suggests, a caged bird. But this isn’t just any old bird – this bird represents African Americans and the struggles they faced during Maya Angelou’s lifetime (and even today). The poem starts with the image of the bird being caged and unable to fly. This represents the physical restraints that were placed on African Americans, both before and during Angelou’s lifetime.

But it also represents the mental and emotional restraints that kept them from speaking out against their oppression. The bird is forced to sing of freedom, because that is what he longs for. But even though he knows freedom is out there, he can never reach it. This poem is a powerful symbol of the African American experience and the struggle for equality.

People have always believed that black people are different from the rest of society. She, Maya Angelou, was someone who hoped for a better result from the circumstances faced by African Americans. The caged bird’s voice has a greater significance because it emerges out of pain yet still retains one thing that can’t be taken away: its voice.

The Caged Bird is a poem about the struggles of African Americans and how they are forced to live in a society that does not see them as equal. The poem is also about how African Americans have to fight for their freedom and rights. Maya Angelou was an African American poet, author, and civil rights activist. She was born on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. Her real name is Marguerite Annie Johnson.

She has written many books, including her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). In this poem, she uses the metaphor of a caged bird to describe the experience of being black in America. The bird is caged because it is different from the other birds. It is not free to fly or sing like the other birds. The bird is also Caught in a cycle of pain and suffering.

But despite all of this, the bird still has its voice. It can still sing. And it uses its voice to express its joy, hope, and defiance. Even though the bird is caged, it is still free in its own way. This poem is about the strength and resilience of African Americans in the face of oppression. It is also about how African Americans have always used their voices to fight for freedom and equality.

Blacks were persecuted because of their race, but they vocally demanded their freedom. Racial segregation is something that many minorities would prefer to never have existed, since it appears to be a step backward rather than pushing the next generation to achieve greater things. One of the most significant trends in order to make the environment more pleasant and loving is removing the mental barrier and attempting to understand other races.

“Caged Bird” is a poem about the struggles and inequality that African Americans faced during the years of segregation. The poem also speaks to the idea of hope, and how despite the struggles, there will always be a way to break free. Maya Angelou was an African American writer and Civil Rights activist who is best known for her poems and books.

Maya Angelou’s poem “Caged Bird” is about her own life, in which she felt like a caged bird because of her lesser rights as a white person. “A free bird leaps on the wind and floats downstream until the current ends and dips his wing in the orange sun rays, daring to claim the sky. But a wild animal that searches for traps with rage-filled eyes sees only his wings are clipped and his feet are bound so he opens his throat to sing.”

This poem is Maya Angelou way of showing how she felt during her life. Even though she was not able to do everything that she wanted in life, she still tried to make the best of it. “The caged bird sings with a fearful trill of things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom.” (line 10-14)

Maya Angelou is trying to say that even though she was not able to be free, she was still able to sing about it and hope for the best. Caged bird is a powerful poem written by Maya Angelou that reflects on her own life experiences.

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by Maya Angelou

Caged bird summary and analysis of "caged bird".

In the first stanza, the speaker describes a bird taking flight and gliding on a wind current. The bird revels in its freedom, feeling the warmth of sun rays on its wings as it flaps them. The speaker describes the free bird's flight as "dar[ing] to claim the sky."

The second stanza introduces a comparison of the free bird to a caged bird. Imprisoned, the caged bird stalks his cage and feels rage over having clipped wings and tied feet. The flight-limiting cage, wing clipping, and tied feet prompt the bird to sing.

In the third stanza, the speaker says the caged bird sings a song infused with a fear of the things the bird does not know but longs for nonetheless. The caged bird's tune reaches a distant hill because it is a song yearning for freedom.

Stanza four returns to the free bird, who contemplates the arrival of another strong wind and thinks about the fat worms which await him on lawns in the morning. He claims the sky as his own.

The fifth stanza shifts back to the caged bird, whose perch is "the grave of dreams" and whose "shadow shouts on a nightmare scream." Because his wings are clipped and his feet tied, he opens his throat to sing.

The sixth and final stanza is a word-for-word repeat of the third stanza. The caged bird sings a song that is fearful of the things the bird does not know but for which it longs. The speaker concludes the poem by repeating that the song reaches a distant hill because "the caged bird sings of freedom."

Through juxtaposing the symbolic experiences of two birds—one free and one caged— Maya Angelou explores themes of freedom, oppression, and resilience. The result is an allegory for the comparative experiences of white Americans who take their freedom and privilege for granted and Black Americans who face systemic racial and economic oppression, and yet because of this oppression, have a deeper and truer knowledge of what freedom is.

In terms of form, “ Caged Bird ” comprises six stanzas of free verse. The poem also uses an inconsistent rhyme scheme that combines occasional end rhymes, slant rhymes, and internal rhymes. Angelou establishes rhythm in the first line through the use of iambs, which creates a stress pattern of a short syllable followed by a long syllable: e.g. a FREE bird LEAPS.

However, as the poem is written in free verse, Angelou often breaks with the iambic rhythm to subvert the listener’s expectation of how the line will sound. For example, the third stanza begins with what would be four lines of iambic dimeter were it not for the introduction of a fifth syllable in the second line (“with a fearful trill”). The effect of breaking the rhythm—making it slightly off-balance—is that Angelou captures in her language the “fearful trill” being described.

Angelou also uses enjambment—the continuation of a clause or sentence over multiple lines—to enhance the images she describes. The first stanza, in which the free bird takes flight and drifts on the wind, is a single sentence extended over seven lines. The effect of Angelou’s lineation is to make the language itself seem to float along the same wind current on which the free bird glides. Interestingly, Angelou also uses enjambment in the second stanza, but puts the device to different effect: rather than enhancing a sense of freedom, enjambment in the second stanza emphasizes the caged bird’s claustrophobia and desperation.

Another device Angelou uses to great effect in “Caged Bird” is repetition in various forms. The omniscient speaker shifts between the perspectives of the free bird and the caged bird, a repetition that establishes the juxtaposition between the two birds’ experiences and invites the reader to compare them. Repetition also occurs on the line level: The last three lines of the second stanza (“his wings are clipped and / his feet are tied / so he opens his throat to sing”) repeat exactly as the last two lines of the fifth stanza.

More significantly, the third stanza is repeated word-for-word in the final stanza. With her repetition, Angelou draws the reader’s attention to the image of the bird singing his song of freedom. The effect is to underscore how the caged bird, because he lacks the variety freedom offers, continues to sing as his only recourse for expressing the longing his confinement engenders. In this way, the repetition highlights both the monotony of the bird’s existence and his sustained resilience in the face of that monotony.

“Caged Bird” also uses repetition in the sense that its premise is a repetition of the basic conceptual idea of Paul Laurence Dunbar’s 1899 poem “Sympathy,” in which the speaker sympathizes with a caged bird who beats its wings against its cage and sings. Angelou used the line “I know why the caged bird sings!” for the title of her 1969 autobiography, and returned to the premise of a poetic speaker sympathizing with a caged bird in “Caged Bird.” Angelou’s poem is in conversation with Dunbar’s symbolic verse about the bondage of slavery to suggest that even from her post-Civil Rights Movement vantage, the legacy of white supremacy in the United States continues to negatively impact the Black community.

Like Dunbar’s speaker, Angelou’s speaker sympathizes with the oppressed caged bird. Angelou’s speaker also attributes an attitude of entitlement and obliviousness to the free bird, who “dares to claim the sky” and “names the sky his own.” The free bird is akin to privileged white Americans who benefit from the inequality built into the foundation of U.S. governance and the U.S. economy. By contrast, the caged bird is akin to Black Americans who, despite being born into structures that limit their freedom and oppress them, sustain a spiritual resilience that transcends their material conditions.

Caged Bird Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for Caged Bird is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

The free bird can claim the sky: a metaphor for free blacks in the United States, while a caged bird is in his 'bar of rage' . The caged bird represents oppressed blacks in the United States.

Symbolic structure of caged bird

The caged bird’s song is a symbol for the freedom he longs for but has never known. Confined to a cage, the bird uses the power of his voice to move through the airspace his body cannot access. Although the bird cannot fly, he can still express...

Through juxtaposing a bird who feels entitled to his freedom and a caged bird who longs for a freedom he has never known, "Caged Bird" presents an allegory for the difference between how white and Black Americans, respectively, experience their...

Study Guide for Caged Bird

Caged Bird study guide contains a biography of Maya Angelou, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About Caged Bird
• Caged Bird Summary
• Caged Bird Video
• Character List

Essays for Caged Bird

Caged Bird essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Caged Bird by Maya Angelou.

• Maya Angelou & Protest Poetry: An Essay

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May 14, 2024

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Critically endangered bird at a greater risk of being taken for captivity than harmed through loss of habitat

by Royal Holloway, University of London

Research by Royal Holloway, University of London and ZSL has found that a critically endangered bird's biggest threat is being taken from its habitat to be used as a caged bird for its beauty.

The blue-crowned laughingthrush, which is now only found in small areas of Southeast China with around 400 in the wild, has been on the critically endangered list for 17 years and is still in danger of extinction thanks to being trapped and sold.

While loss of habitat has been a factor in the bird's decline, there has until now been no assessment of the usefulness of local ecological knowledge (LEK)—the knowledge and experiences of rural communities who live alongside the species—to provide new conservation-relevant information for understanding its current threats.

The academics responsible for the new study , now published in People and Nature , conducted systematic interviews with local people to collect novel information on the species across its range, and whether potential human activities and landscape changes correlated with its presence or absence.

Almost half of interviewed respondents reported sightings of the bird, and more than half of known blue-crowned laughingthrush breeding sites were confirmed by LEK data. New information was also gathered about nesting habitats from two villages with no previous breeding records.

However, trapping of the blue-crowned laughingthrush was also reported across the study landscape, mostly from the last decade and associated with trappers from urban centers.

The study noted that local knowledge from residents can make a huge difference in identifying potential threats, new breeding sites, and landscape changes correlated with species presence or absence for threatened birds affected by the Asian songbird crisis.

Dr. Rosalind Gleave, from the Department of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway, University of London, said, "This study provides the first evidence of ongoing trapping as a threat to the blue-crowned laughingthrush, and shows us that immediate remedial measures are urgently required across the region.

"Given the widespread songbird decline across Asia due to trade, trapping should not be discounted as a past and future threat and must be considered alongside other potential current threats to the birds.

"Respondents showed awareness of whether trappers were local or outsiders, suggesting the potential for community-based conservation to provide early warnings of trapping conducted by external actors."

Professor Samuel Turvey, from the Institute of Zoology at ZSL, said, "Obtaining accurate information about the status of at-risk species, and especially about the threats they continue to face, is essential to conserve China's incredible biodiversity.

"Engaging with local communities , who can share what they know about the rare species that survive in their landscapes, is a crucial component of conservation planning. This approach can hopefully enable 'win-win' solutions to be found that support both biodiversity and the needs of local people."

Journal information: People and Nature

Provided by Royal Holloway, University of London

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