application letter for attachment in ict department

Letter Templates

sample application letter for industrial attachment

If you are a student or recent graduate looking for an industrial attachment opportunity, writing a compelling application letter is crucial. In this article, we provide seven sample application letters for industrial attachment, along with tips to help you craft your own letter.

An industrial attachment is a period of work experience that students undertake as part of their academic program. It gives students the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills they have gained in the classroom to a real-world environment. Writing an application letter is essential to secure an attachment position, as it introduces you to the potential employer and highlights your qualifications and interest in the industry.

Below are seven sample application letters that you can use as a guide to create your own for your industrial attachment.

Application Letter for Industrial Attachment at a Manufacturing Company

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the industrial attachment position at [Company Name] that I found on your website. With [number of years] of experience in manufacturing, I am confident that I have the skills and knowledge to contribute to the success of your team.

During my academic program, I have gained experience in [relevant skills or courses] and have developed a strong work ethic and attention to detail. I am excited about the opportunity to apply my skills and further develop my knowledge in a real-world environment.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to your team.

[Your Name]

Application Letter for Industrial Attachment at a Construction Company

I am writing to apply for the industrial attachment position at [Company Name]. As a recent graduate with experience in [relevant courses or experience], I am excited about the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in the construction industry.

I am confident that I possess the skills and knowledge needed to contribute to your team, including [relevant skills or courses]. I am also eager to learn from your experienced professionals and further develop my knowledge in the field.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications with you further.

Application Letter for Industrial Attachment at a Marketing Agency

I am writing to apply for the industrial attachment position at [Company Name]. As a marketing student with a passion for creative problem-solving, I am confident that I have the skills and knowledge needed to excel in a real-world environment.

During my academic program, I have gained experience in [relevant courses or experience], and I am eager to apply my skills and knowledge to real-world marketing challenges. I believe that [Company Name]’s innovative approach and collaborative culture align with my values and career goals.

Thank you for your consideration. I would be honored to join your team and contribute to your continued success.

Application Letter for Industrial Attachment at a Technology Company

I am excited to apply for the industrial attachment position at [Company Name]. As a technology student with experience in [relevant courses or experience], I am eager to gain hands-on experience in a real-world environment.

During my academic program, I have developed strong skills in [relevant skills or courses], which I believe will enable me to contribute to your team’s success. I am also eager to learn from your team of experienced professionals and further develop my knowledge in the field.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Application Letter for Industrial Attachment at a Finance Company

I am writing to apply for the industrial attachment position at [Company Name]. As a finance student with experience in [relevant courses or experience], I am excited to gain hands-on experience in the finance industry.

I am confident that my strong analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as my attention to detail, make me a strong candidate for the position. I am also excited to learn from your team of experienced professionals and gain insight into the inner workings of the finance industry.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to your team’s success.

Application Letter for Industrial Attachment at a Non-Profit Organization

I am excited to apply for the industrial attachment position at [Company Name]. As a student with a passion for social justice and community outreach, I believe I am the perfect candidate for the position.

During my academic program, I have developed strong skills in [relevant skills or courses], and I am eager to apply those skills in a real-world environment. I am also excited to learn from your team of experienced professionals and gain valuable experience in the non-profit sector.

Thank you for considering my application. I would be honored to contribute to your team’s mission and make a positive impact on the community.

Tips for Writing an Effective Application Letter for Industrial Attachment

When writing an application letter for industrial attachment, there are several tips you should keep in mind to make your letter stand out:

Research the company and tailor your letter to their needs and mission.
Highlight your relevant skills and experiences.
Be concise and to the point.
Proofread carefully for grammar and spelling errors.
Show enthusiasm and passion for the industry and the company.

Frequently Asked Questions

What should i include in my application letter for industrial attachment.

Your application letter should include your name and contact information, the name and contact information of the hiring manager, an introduction of yourself and your interest in the position, a summary of your relevant skills and experiences, and a closing statement thanking the hiring manager for their consideration.

How long should my application letter be?

Your application letter should be no more than one page long.

What should I avoid in my application letter?

You should avoid using overly formal language, generic introductions, and cliches. Also, avoid including irrelevant information or skills.

Should I attach my resume to my application letter?

Yes, you should attach a copy of your resume to your application letter.

How soon should I follow up after submitting my application letter?

You should follow up within one to two weeks after submitting your application letter.

What if I don’t have any relevant work experience?

If you don’t have any relevant work experience, focus on highlighting your academic achievements and relevant coursework or projects.

Writing an effective application letter for industrial attachment is essential to securing a position in your desired industry. By using the sample letters and tips provided in this article, you can create a compelling letter that showcases your qualifications and interest in the industry. Remember to tailor your letter to the company’s needs and show enthusiasm and passion for the position. Good luck!

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Letter Templates & Example

Effective Cover Letter Sample for ICT Officer to get Hired

Are you looking for a job as an ICT officer and struggling to write the perfect cover letter? Fear not! We’ve got you covered. In this article, you’ll find cover letter samples specifically written for ICT officer positions.

Whether you’re a recent graduate or an experienced ICT professional, a cover letter is a crucial aspect of your job application. It’s your chance to make a great first impression and highlight your skills and achievements.

Our cover letter samples are designed to help you get started on the right track. You’ll find examples tailored to both entry-level and experienced ICT officers. Plus, you can edit them to suit your needs and personal style.

So why wait? Check out our sample cover letters and put your best foot forward in your next job application. You never know, it could be the key to landing your dream job as an ICT officer.

Creating the Best Cover Letter Structure as an ICT Officer

Dear Hiring Manager,

As an ICT officer, your cover letter is a valuable tool for showcasing your professional background, technical skills, and passion for technology. The aim of a cover letter is to convince the employer that you are the best candidate for the job and to earn an interview.

Here are some critical elements to consider when structuring your cover letter:

Introduction: Start with a strong opening sentence that grabs the employer’s attention. Introduce yourself and state your reason for applying for the job. Be sure to mention the job title and any referral information you may have.

Body: The body of your cover letter should highlight your relevant experience, achievements, and skills. It’s an opportunity to discuss your technical expertise, problem-solving skills, and teamwork abilities. Avoid simply restating your resume but provide specific examples of how your skills align with the job requirements.

Conclusion: The conclusion should restate your interest in the job and express your enthusiasm for the opportunity. Thank the employer for considering your application and offer to provide additional information if necessary.

Here’s a sample structure for an ICT cover letter:

Introduction: Introduce yourself and state the job you’re applying for. Mention why you’re interested in the position, what caught your attention, and any relevant referrals or sources.

Body: Begin the body by highlighting your current role, your technical expertise, and your experience working with a similar technology stack. Provide specifics about your previous experiences such as projects you have worked on, tools, and technologies that you have worked with and how they have prepared you for the job you are applying too. Also, discuss your technical and problem-solving skills, and how you have helped the company previously. Additionally, mention your knowledge of the company and how you can align with its goals.

Conclusion: Restate your interest in the job, express your enthusiasm, and let the employer know that you’re ready and willing to provide any additional information they may need. Also, thank the employer for considering your application and express your interest in meeting with them.

In general, the cover letter should be between three to four paragraphs in length. Be sure to tailor your cover letter to the company’s needs and focus on how you can add value to their organization.

Thank you for considering this ICT officer cover letter structure guide. Best of luck in your job search!

Cover Letter Samples for ICT Officer

Ict officer for job inquiry.

I am writing this letter to express my interest in the ICT Officer position currently available in your organization. With over 5 years of experience as an ICT Officer in different organizations, I believe I can bring value to your team.

In my previous role, I was responsible for overseeing the organization’s information systems and technology infrastructure. At the same time, I ensured that all employees were competent in using essential software packages. My knowledge in programming languages such as Python, C#, and Java has enabled me to develop various applications, including an inventory management system.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to an opportunity to meet and discuss how my experience and skills align with your organization’s needs.

Yours Sincerely,

ICT Officer for Professional Association Application

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Officer. My application is based on my understanding of your organization’s mission and vision, coupled with my passion for technology and vast experiences in the ICT world.

Currently, I am an active member of the ICT Professional Association and have, over time, developed a network of ICT professionals across various fields via online engagements, mentorship programs, and appreciation of the latest technologies used in the industry. My recent web development projects that focused on creating user-friendly and interactive web applications have also been well-received by users.

Thank you in advance for considering my application. I believe my skills and experiences can contribute to your organization’s objectives and work towards realizing its mission and vision.

Stella Jacobson

ICT Officer for Educational Institute Inquiry

Dear Admissions Director,

I am writing to inquire about the ICT Officer position that I came across on your school’s website. I have read through the job description and would like to express my interest in joining your team.

I have over 3 years of experience as an ICT Officer, and my responsibilities involved maintaining and troubleshooting the school’s computers, printers, and providing assistance to teachers to ensure that the classroom technology was functioning optimally during the learning process. I have also worked on various projects, such as hardware upgrades and procurement of IT resources.

With a keen interest in the education sector, I believe my skills and experience can add value to your school. I am looking forward to meeting and discussing further my interest in this position with your recruitment team.

Thank you for your consideration.

Yours Respectfully,

ICT Officer for Non-Profit Organization Application

I write to express my interest in the ICT Officer position that you advertised on your website. My passion for technology and commitment to making an impact in the society complements the mission and vision of your non-profit organization.

Throughout my career as an IT professional, I have demonstrated my ability to develop and manage information systems that support organizational goals, enhance performance and support decision making. I have also managed to keep the organization’s data secure, maintained and managed its website, and developed an online donations platform.

Thank you for considering my application. I am confident that my expertise and passion will make a positive contribution to your organization.

Yours Faithfully,

ICT Officer Role Transition Query

Dear IT Manager,

I am writing to inquire about a possible transition into the role of an ICT Officer within the department. Having worked in the technology department for over 2 years, I have a solid understanding of the organization’s computer systems and other related IT tools.

My strengths in hardware and software maintenance, management of network infrastructure, data backup and recovery, and support for all users’ computer issues can add value as an ICT Officer. I am confident that I can undertake the new role’s responsibilities and deliver optimally to improve the department’s productivity.

Thank you in advance for considering my request. I look forward to discussing my suitability for the position in a personal meeting.

Jessica Williams

ICT Officer Referral Application

I write to express my interest in the vacant ICT Officer position in your company referred to me by an esteemed colleague that works within the organization.

Currently, I am an IT consultant with extensive experience in software development, automation of various back-end processes, and implementation of information systems solutions to drive business growth.

I believe that my experience as an ICT Officer for different clients, coupled with effective communication skills and willingness to learn, can be an asset to your organization. I have a keen interest in data security, creative problem-solving, project management, and working in a diverse and team-driven environment.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Andrew Scott

ICT Officer for Collaborative Research Inquiry

I am an experienced ICT Officer eager to collaborate on research in the field of information systems, technology infrastructure and other related areas in technology.

I understand your organization is committed to staying informed with the ever-growing advancements in technology, and I believe my skills and expertise can add value to achieve this objective. I have in-depth knowledge of platforms such as ERP, CRM, and my innovation abilities has helped me develop various applications for different sectors.

Thank you in advance for considering my request. I look forward to the opportunity to collaborate.

Patricia Lee

Cover Letter Tips for ICT Officer

As an ICT officer, a well-written cover letter is crucial to showcase your skills and experience. Here are some tips to help you create an effective cover letter.

1. Research the company – Before writing a cover letter, research the company you are applying to and understand their goals, values, and requirements. Use this information to tailor your cover letter to the specific company and position.

2. Highlight your skills – Your cover letter should highlight your technical skills and experience in the ICT field. It should also demonstrate your ability to work collaboratively and communicate effectively with colleagues and clients.

3. Be concise and clear – Keep your cover letter brief and to the point. Avoid using industry jargon and choose simple language that is easy to understand. Use bullet points to make your letter more readable.

4. Show your enthusiasm – Use your cover letter to show your enthusiasm for the role and the company. Explain why you believe you are a good fit for the position and how you can contribute to the company’s success.

5. Use a professional tone – Your cover letter should be professional and polite. Avoid using slang or informal language and make sure your letter is free of spelling and grammar errors.

By following these tips, you can create a cover letter that stands out and helps you land the ICT officer position you are applying for.

FAQs about Cover Letter Sample for ICT Officer

What is a cover letter for a job application?

A cover letter is a document that introduces yourself and explains why you are interested in a job role. It should be attached with a resume.

Can I use a cover letter sample for any job application?

Yes, you can use a cover letter sample as a reference for any job application; however, it is important to tailor it according to the specific job requirements.

What should be included in a cover letter for an ICT officer job?

A cover letter for an ICT officer job should include your technical skills, experience, knowledge of the field, and your passion for the technology industry.

How long should my cover letter be for an ICT officer job?

Your cover letter should be one page or less. It should be concise and to the point, highlighting your key experiences and qualifications relevant to the job.

Do I need to mention my education details in my cover letter for an ICT officer job?

Yes, you should mention your education details in your cover letter if they are relevant to the job. You can also emphasize any certifications or training programs you have completed.

How can I make my cover letter stand out for an ICT officer job?

You can make your cover letter stand out by focusing on your accomplishments and providing examples of how you have successfully implemented technology solutions in your previous roles. Additionally, demonstrate your passion and enthusiasm for the field.

Should I address my cover letter to a specific person?

Whenever possible, you should address your cover letter to a specific person, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. This shows that you have put in effort and researched the company.

Thanks for reading!

I hope you found this cover letter sample for ICT Officer informative and helpful. Remember, this is just one example and you should always tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Putting in the time and effort to create a strong cover letter can make all the difference in landing that dream job. Thanks again for stopping by and make sure to check back for more useful tips and resources!

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How to write an attachment letter (with samples)

Are you in the process of applying for an internship? You will need to submit a cover letter as part of your application, just as you would do when applying for a job. However, applying for internships is quite different, as chances are that you have limited or no experience and limited qualifications. The question of how to write an attachment letter without experience is one that most people applying for an internship have a hard time answering.

Fortunately, even without experience, you can still be able to write a great cover letter the employers. If you are wondering how to write an attachment letter or you're looking for a sample letter that will guide you on how to draft yours, this guide is meant for you.

READ ALSO: How to write an article review

Tips on how to write an attachment letter

So, how do you format your application? Which style of writing is acceptable when addressing a potential employer?

application letter for attachment in ict department

How to write an application letter for employment

1. Use a formal writing style

Even though you are not getting paid, an attachment is just as important as an actual job. Therefore, you should place the same importance when applying for an attachment position. You should thus write your attachment placement request in a formal style, just like you would with a job application or any other business letter. At no instant in the application should you use informal style (the kind you would use when writing a personal letter).

2. Make your cover letter unique

For some people, an internship application is the first instance they will be writing a formal letter. With little experience writing such a letter, combined with the limited experience and qualifications, some of them might be tempted to use a sample letter right off the internet, change a few details to personalise it, and then send it to their prospective employers.

How to write a resignation letter

You should, however, avoid this tactic if you are looking to make an impression on the employers and increase your chances of getting an attachment. Instead, you should craft your cover letter from scratch and make it as unique to you as possible. Make sure that the tone of the writing, education experiences, skills, and everything else you include in the application describes you – and not hundreds of other people.

On top of that, you should make your attachment request is unique to each company you are applying to. Therefore, instead of writing one letter and changing a few details (such as the company name) you should consider writing a separate letter for each company. You can achieve this by researching each and every company you are applying to, more so the department you are looking to be placed. You should then include the skills, abilities, experiences, and qualifications that would make you a valuable asset to the company.

How to write an expression of interest letter

3. Place emphasis on your academic experience

How do I write a cover letter with no experience and impress the employers? This is something that most people have a hard time figuring out when it comes to internship application. Fortunately, there are several ways you can impress employers, even with limited work experience. One of these ways is by placing emphasis on your academic experience, which will help to show employers that you have valuable skills.

Therefore, instead of just listing your academic qualifications, go deep and show how they make you a valuable prospective employee. For example, you can list academic projects you have worked on or led, academic competitions you have engaged in, and so on.

READ ALSO: Different styles used to write letters

When adding your academic experience, you should also list all experiences, even outside your field of study. For example, you can include short courses, online courses, education boot camps, and other experiences you have. These will help to show employers that you are determined to do more than just the bare minimum.

How to write a recommendation letter - format and best practices

4. Include your extracurricular experiences

Extracurricular experiences are another way you can be able to impress employers even with limited or no work experience. Therefore, you should include experiences such as sports participation, volunteer work, club membership, student government, university societies, art and music classes, hobbies such as photography, religious classes, paid and unpaid jobs (no matter how informal they were), and so on.

And just like with the academic experiences, you should do more than just listing them. Make sure you provide specific examples and explain how they make you a valuable prospective employee. For example, if listing debate club membership as an extracurricular activity, you can name debate competitions you participated in, how you contributed, and so on.

5. Include your skills and abilities

Skills and abilities are another way to impress employers when writing an attachment application letter. Good skills that can impress employers include communication skills, leadership skills, project management skills, computer skills, language skills, creative thinking skills, and so on.

When listing your skills and abilities, make sure to identify the strongest ones, and include the ones that will make you perfect for the company you are applying to. And just like with the other experiences, be sure to provide specific examples. For example, when listing leadership skills, you can mention the leadership roles you hold or have held in the past. You should also include certificates, awards, experiences, and other qualifications you have to support the skills you have listed

6. Proofread and edit the letter

Internship positions are usually very competitive, and as a result, employers have to use various methods to thin out the applicants. Any errors in your letter can thus result in you not getting the position you are applying for, regardless of how qualified you are. Therefore, before sending your letter, make sure that you thoroughly proofread it for any spelling and grammar mistakes it might have.

Other mistakes to look out for when proofreading and editing your letter include wordy sentences, complex phrases, and anything else that can make your letter hard to understand. In the end, your letter should be free of any grammatical errors, clear, brief, and to the point.

READ ALSO: How to write an official letter

What is the format of an attachment application letter?

Nowadays, most companies use online applications for both jobs and internship applications. In some of these cases, applications include forms that you only have to fill and submit. However, there are still companies that prefer the traditional letter writing style. And even where an online application is used, you might find some companies requiring you to upload a cover letter. In these cases, you will need to write a letter and get the format right – formal business letter format.

Your name and address - Write your name, phone number, email address, and postal (or physical address) at the top right side of the page
Business/employee name and adress - Write the business name and the contact person/department (where your application letter will be received) at the left side of the page – below your name and personal information.
Salutation - salute the contact person, preferably with their name and in the format of “Dear Mr. X or Dear Mrs./Ms. Y”. Try researching the company you are applying to find the name of the contact person. In the event that you do not find the name, you can use the salutation “Dear Hiring Manager”. However, you should refrain from using “Dear Sir/Madam” and “To Whom It May Concern” as the former is very generic, while the latter might be taken to mean that you have no regards as to who receives your letter.
Subject line – this is where you state the reason for the letter
Introduction – start the letter with a brief introduction of yourself and why you are writing the letter (seeking internship position).
Body - Provide information about your program of study and other relevant academic experiences that relate to the position. You should also provide your skills, abilities, and extracurricular activities that make you perfect for the position
Conclusion – end the letter by thanking the hiring manager for their time. You can also include a contact number where you can be reached for interview scheduling.
Signature – complete the letter by signing, followed by your name.

Attachment cover letter sample

[Applicant's Name ]

[Applicant's phone number]

[Applicant's email address]

[Applicant's address]

Mr./Mrs./Ms.

[Department/Position (for example, Human Resources Director)]

[Company Name]

[Company Address]

Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. First and Last Name

RE: APPLICATION FOR A [insert number of months] MONTHS INTERNSHIP PLACEMENT

I am writing to apply for the [insert position] listed on your company’s careers website page.

My name is [John Smith] and I am an undergraduate student at [XYZ University]. I am currently in my third year, pursuing a [Bachelor’s of Science degree in Computer Science]. My curriculum is composed of modules like software engineering, database systems, network administration, computer systems security, and software implementations. I have also taken extra computer programming courses and can write programs in C++, Java, Python, and HTML language.

Last summer, I volunteered at [ABC academy’s computer programming summer boot camp], where I was involved in teaching high school students the basics of computer coding. Currently, I am currently working on a research project for the [XYZ University Computer Science Department].

I am a responsible, motivated, and quick-learning person, and can adapt easily to the culture of your company. I am also a great team player and have been involved in several group projects as part of my coursework.

I am confident that my academic background and my strong technical skills in computer programming will make me a great asset to your organisation. The internship position will also help me expand on my skills in the field of technology.

I have attached my resume and academic qualifications for review.

Thank you for consideration, and I look forward to hearing your response.

John Smith.

Not sure on how to write an attachment letter? The above tips, guidelines on the format, and the sample can guide you on how to create a good internship placement letter. Even with little or no experience, you can still be able to impress prospective employers and earn that internship placement you are seeking.

READ ALSO: How to write a request letter for a job vacancy

Source: TUKO.co.ke

Ryan Mutuku (Lifestyle writer) Ryan Mutuku is an editor with over 4 years of working in digital media for Tuko.co.ke, Yen.com.gh, and iWriter. He is an alumnus of the Faculty of Media and Communications at Multimedia University (2019). Ryan mostly focuses on the entertainment and technology niches. He won the Best Writer award in 2022 (Tuko.co.ke). In 2023, Ryan finished the AFP course on Digital Investigation Techniques. Email: [email protected]

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How to Write an Impactful Industrial Attachment Letter: Tips, Format And Samples

Learn how to write an effective industrial attachment application letter and secure your dream internship. get expert tips and a step-by-step guide here..

What Is An Industrial Attachment Letters

Writing an industrial attachment letter: step-by-step guide, 1. use a formal format, 2. reference and opening paragraph, 3. body of the letter, 4. conclusion, 5. signature, crafting a winning industrial attachment letter: key tips, 1. personalize your letter, 2. emphasize your academic experience, 3. highlight extracurricular experiences, 4. showcase your skills and abilities, 5. proofread and edit, sample attachment letter.

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Application Letter For Attachment In Hospital: Sample + How To Write

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Getting an invaluable attachment opportunity at a top hospital in Kenya takes more than just luck.

Your application letter needs to immediately grab attention and persuasively make your case .

This complete guide reveals the secrets to writing a winning attachment application letter.

From properly addressing the recipient, to succinctly introducing yourself, to expressing compelling interest, you’ll learn step-by-step techniques to showcase your qualifications.

Follow structured templates and real-world examples for highlighting relevant coursework and experience.

Discover how to make a confident but respectful attachment request while professionally closing with appreciation.

Use these proven tips to craft the high-impact application that gets you the life-shaping attachment you deserve at the ideal hospital.

Your next career-accelerating opportunity is waiting – let’s master the application letter that secures it!

How to write an application letter for attachment in a hospital in Kenya:

Address the letter properly. Make sure to address the letter to the specific person or department handling attachments. Use their correct name and title.
Introduce yourself. In 1-2 sentences, introduce yourself and your interest in an attachment position at the hospital. Include any relevant background or qualifications.
Specify the attachment position wanted. State the specific attachment position or department you are applying for. Reference any job listings or contacts at the hospital.
Highlight your skills and experience. Use 2-3 paragraphs to explain why you are qualified for this attachment, including relevant skills, knowledge, training, coursework, and prior experience/attachments.
Express interest and fit. Describe why you are interested in this attachment at this specific hospital and how your skills would be a good fit for their needs and work.
Request formal attachment. Politely request to be considered and approved for the attachment program/position at the hospital. Include your availability and commitment.
Thank the recipient. Thank the reader for their time and consideration. Provide contact details and availability for further discussion.

Address the letter properly

When writing an application letter for an attachment position at a hospital in Kenya, it is crucial to address the letter properly .

This ensures it reaches the correct person and makes a professional first impression. Here are key tips:

Know who to address it to

Do research to find out the specific person or department that handles student attachments for the hospital. Often there is an Attachments Coordinator or HR Manager.

Get the correct name and title of this person. Properly addressing them shows care.

Generic letters “to whom it may concern” may not get proper attention.

Use a formal title

Address them by their title and surname (e.g. Dr. Mwenda or Mr. Oduor). This shows respect.

Only use their first name if you already know them personally. Otherwise, keep it formal.

Check contact details

Verify the hospital address, email and/or phone number they should be contacted at. This prevents misdirection.

Hospital addresses often have departments or units included.

Hospital Contact Details
Head of Attachments Programmes Kenyatta National Hospital Attachments Department Hospital Rd, Nairobi

Follow a formal format

Structure the address in a formal business letter format . This gives a professional impression.

Each element should be on a separate line:

Recipient’s title and name
Department/position
Hospital name
Full postal address

Getting the address correct ensures your application letter gets directly to the right person able to process it.

Taking time on these details matters and will position your attachment application more professionally.

Introduce yourself

A strong application letter for an attachment position introduces who you are and your interest right up front. Effective introduction paragraphs:

Identify yourself and academic institution
Specify your level of study
Introduce your field of study and specialization
Express interest in an attachment at the hospital
Highlight key relevant background and qualifications

Here are tips for writing a compelling introduction:

Lead with Name and Institution

State your full name upfront in the first line. This allows immediate identification.

Follow with your university or college in the next line.

My name is Jane Wambui and I am a student at Kenyatta University completing my Bachelor’s in Nursing.

Specify Academic Level

Clearly state your current level of study – 3rd year, 4th year, Master’s, etc.
This helps establish your stage of training and competencies.

I am currently in my final year of studies.

Introduce Field of Study

Name your degree program and area of concentration or specialization.
This highlights your relevant knowledge base.

I am pursuing a Bachelor’s degree in Nursing , specializing in pediatric care .

Express Interest in Attachment

Directly state your interest in an attachment at the specific hospital.
This frames the purpose of your letter.

I am very interested in pursuing a nursing student attachment at Kenyatta National Hospital .

Highlight Relevant Background

Note 1-2 pieces of your background or qualifications relevant to the attachment.
This provides support for your application.

I have completed coursework in pediatric health and family care and previously shadowed nurses at Children’s Hospital .

A polished introduction establishes your credentials and directly expresses interest in an attachment opportunity. Taking time on this paragraph can make a strong first impression.

Specify the attachment position wanted

When applying for an attachment at a hospital, it is important to clearly specify the exact position or department you are interested in. This allows the hospital to direct your application appropriately. Here are tips:

Be specific about the attachment opportunity

Name the precise role, department, or program you wish to attach to.
Reference any job codes or listings . Avoid vagueness.

I wish to apply for an attachment as a Student Nurse with the Pediatrics Department at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Mention duration/timeframe needed

State how long of an attachment you need, such as 2 months or 6 weeks.
Consider their minimum or maximum attachment duration.

I am hoping to complete a 3 month long attachment starting in June 2023 after my exams.

Refer to any contacts

If you’ve been referred by someone at the hospital, mention their name.
This can provide a point of reference.

I was informed about attachment opportunities by Dr. David Mutiso in the Neonatal Unit .

Show understanding of any requirements

Reference any prerequisites, courses, skills required for the role.
Demonstrate you meet any expectations.

As a 4th year nursing student, I have completed coursework in Pediatric Care, Vaccinations, and Phlebotomy as required for this attachment.

Reiterate your fit and interest

Close by restating your strong interest and fit for this specific attachment.

I believe my experience and studies make me a strong candidate for this pediatric nursing attachment opportunity.

Being specific about the exact attachment opportunity desired displays your understanding of their program. Take time to clarify the details of the position you are applying for.

Step 5 – take the 4th point from the list from Step 1 and write a 700 word article using markdown formatting, bolded words, lists and tables where applicable.

Highlight your skills and experience

A key part of a hospital attachment application letter is highlighting your relevant skills, knowledge, and experience for the position.

This section provides evidence for why you are qualified. Follow these tips:

Open with your motivation for this field

Explain what draws you to this field or role to show your genuine interest.

Pediatric nursing has been my passion since volunteering at a children’s home during high school.

List your relevant coursework

Name classes, labs, and training directly tied to attachment duties.

Relevant coursework includes Pediatric Nursing, Child Psychology, Growth Development, and Family Care.

Summarize hands-on experiences

Include attachments, internships, clinics, or volunteer work. Quantify hours or duration if possible.

I gained experience caring for young patients during my 3-week nursing attachment at Kijabe Mission Hospital.

Highlight relevant skills

What abilities from your training would apply? Clinical skills? Communication, charting?

Through my coursework I have developed strong pediatric assessment skills and comfortable phlebotomy technique.

Show understanding of professional expectations

Demonstrate you have researched their protocols, values, and nursing practices.

I appreciate KNH’s commitment to family-centered care and continuity of care across departments.

Mention any specialties or strengths

Note any unique competencies, training, or interests you bring.

I am particularly interested in gaining neonatal experience during this attachment.

Quantifying relevant training and competencies can powerfully convey your qualifications. Be detailed in matching your background to the attachment opportunity.

Express interest and fit

Expressing sincere interest and enthusiasm is critical for an attachment application letter.

Thoughtfully explaining why you are drawn to the specific hospital and see it as an excellent fit will make you stand out. Here are proven techniques:

Discuss why this hospital interests you

What about their reputation, services, or values is appealing? Be specific.

KNH’s wide range of specialty departments and commitment to research strongly appeals to me.

Talk about why you would be a great fit there

What do you offer that matches their needs?

My passion for evidence-based family care aligns well with KNH’s holistic approach.

Show you understand their work culture

Research what past attachés or staff say. Does their mission resonate?

Friends who have attached at KNH have described an empowering learning environment.

Explain how the attachment would benefit your goals

What experience and exposure will help further your education and career?

The direct patient contact and specialized mentorship at KNH will greatly accelerate my nursing skills.

Imagine your potential future at this hospital

Can you envision being part of their team long-term? Come across as committed.

I hope to establish myself at KNH and contribute for years to come after graduation.

Be enthusiastic and complimentary

Use positive language. Avoid sounding entitled or demanding.

I would be incredibly grateful for the opportunity to attach with KNH’s respected Pediatrics team!

Making a personal connection and sharing your genuine interest can distinguish your attachment application. Spend time on this section.

Request formal attachment

An essential component of an attachment application letter is directly requesting that your application be approved and the attachment arranged.

This should communicate your commitment and availability.

Follow these techniques:

Make a clear formal request

Use language like “I would like to formally request” or “I am writing to apply”

I am writing to formally request consideration for a nursing student attachment position…

Note your attachment availability

Are there specific dates or a timeframe that work for you?

My schedule is flexible, and I am available full-time for a 2 month attachment starting in June 2023.

Emphasize your commitment

Stress how seriously you are taking this opportunity.

I am extremely committed to fully engaging in and contributing to the department during my attachment.

Inquire about next steps

Ask what the process is after submitting your application. Interviews? Background checks?

Please advise me as to the next steps in the application and placement process.

Follow instructions if provided

Some hospitals may have specific instructions for applying. Make sure to follow them.

As directed on your website, I have attached a CV, transcript, and reference letter.

Give appreciation in advance

Thank them politely for consideration even if not yet approved.

Thank you in advance for your time and consideration of my attachment application.

Making the ask directly is important. Be clear in formally requesting an attachment opportunity while also expressing flexibility, commitment and appreciation.

Thank the recipient

It is important to close an attachment application letter by thanking the reader for their time and consideration.

A polished, grateful concluding paragraph makes a positive final impression. Use these closing techniques:

Express appreciation

Thank them sincerely for reviewing your application materials.

Thank you very much for taking the time to review my attachment application.

Reiterate your enthusiasm

Restate your strong interest in an attachment at their hospital.

I am incredibly excited by the prospect of completing an attachment with your team.

Provide contact details

Supply your phone number, email, location so they can reach you.

Please contact me at [email protected] or 0700-123-456 with any further questions.

Note availability

Mention if you have upcoming exams or when you could start.

I am available to start a full-time attachment from June through August of this year.

Encourage further discussion

Say you welcome the chance to discuss the opportunity in more detail.

I would be happy to meet with you and learn more about attachment possibilities at your hospital.

Ask what you should expect after submitting your application.

Please let me know if any interviews, assessments or documentation are required next.

Polite, enthusiastic gratitude and availability to discuss next steps further will leave a great final impression.

A strong closing builds a relationship with the reader and asks for the next conversation.

Example of application letter for attachment in a hospital

Before we close this, here is an example application letter for an attachment position at a hospital:

20th February 2023

Head of Attachments Program Human Resources Department Kenyatta National Hospital Hospital Road Nairob i

Dear Sir/Madam,

My name is Jane Mutua and I am a final year Bachelor’s Degree student pursuing Nursing at the University of Nairobi. I am writing to formally request consideration for a nursing student attachment position with the Pediatrics Department at Kenyatta National Hospital.

I have a strong passion for pediatric care, especially neonatal health, stemming from my volunteer work at a local children’s home. Through my nursing coursework, I have developed expertise in areas including Pediatric Nursing, Growth Development, Child Psychology, and Vaccination Administration. I previously completed a 2-month attachment on the Neonatal Unit at Coast General Hospital where I gained valuable hands-on experience caring for critically ill newborns.

I am particularly interested in attaching with Kenyatta National Hospital because of the wide scope of pediatric specialty experience I would receive. Friends who have completed attachments at KNH have raved about the supportive learning environment and clinical exposure. I appreciate your hospital’s holistic, family-centered care philosophy and am eager to learn from your talented pediatric nursing team.

My schedule is very flexible, and I am available for full-time attachment duties starting in June 2023 after completing my exams. I am ready to fully commit myself to engaged participation, learning, and contributing during my time at KNH. Please advise me as to the next steps in the application process. I have attached my CV, academic transcript, and a letter of recommendation as required.

Thank you in advance for considering my attachment application. This would be an invaluable opportunity to refine my nursing skills and learn from the best pediatric team in the country. I can be reached at 0721-345-678 or [email protected] to discuss this further and look forward to hearing from you.

Download the example of application letter for attachment in a hospital in PDF below?.

Key Takeaways

Address the letter properly to the right contact using formal business format.
Introduce yourself lead with name, institution, field of study, and interest.
Specify the exact attachment position wanted, duration, contacts, and requirements.
Highlight relevant skills and experience like coursework, competencies, and understanding of their protocols.
Express sincere interest and fit based on research of the hospital’s culture and needs.
Formally request the attachment noting your commitment, appreciation, and availability.
Thank the recipient for considering your application and provide contact details.

Carefully structuring an engaging, detailed, and polite attachment application letter will position you strongly for the opportunity.

Take time to highlight your unique qualifications while also expressing genuine fit and enthusiasm .

Follow up promptly to further discuss attaching with the hospital’s team.

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Kibabii University

Students on Attachment in ICT Maintenance Practical

September 25, 2018

Kibabii University ICT Directorate received 10 students for Industrial Attachment from various Institutions of Higher Learning: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenyatta University, Sang’alo Institute of Science and Technology, Kitale National Polytechnic and Eldoret National Polytechnic during the September – December 2018 period. Attaches are usually taken through various tasks which include: computer & printer maintenance, network cable crippling & network configuration, email creation among other activities.

Students on Attachment in ICT Maintenance Practical Gallery

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Best Sample CV For Industrial Attachment

Choose your goal below:

Writing a CV For Industrial Attachment can be very difficult because you have no real work experience. However, if done well, your CV can help you land attachment positions based on your skills alone.

It’s great to have done some voluntary work in school to act as your experience in your CV. This helps, as it shows the employer that you were an active student and that you were proactive.

However, even if you don’t have any sample volunteering experience, your soft skills can still help you get that position. An employer will decide whether they can hire you based on what you write on your CV.

“ Employers everywhere require CVs when you are applying for any position in the company, even when it is an attachment position, so as a student in Kenya you need to know how to write a CV, ” says Ida Kibunja a Recruitment Manager at Corporate Staffing Services.

Here is a sample CV for industrial attachment to help guide you on how to draft your CV.

READ ALSO >>> 7 CV Writing Mistakes You Need To Stop Making Today

Here Is A Sample CV For Industrial Attachment

Personal Details

Alex Thomas P.O Box 100, Nairobi Tel: 0700 000 000 Email: [email protected]

Personal Statement/Profile

In this section of the sample CV for Industrial attachment, the content should be brief and focused on the type of industrial attachment you are applying for. Do not ramble about irrelevant stuff like your favourite colour or hobbies.

A highly motivated undergraduate Human Resource student presently looking for an attachment position with your organization. I am looking to acquire a Human Resource position that will afford me an opportunity to gain practical skills in a business environment.

Education and Professional Qualification:

The education section in this sample CV for Industrial attachment shows that you must clearly outline the most recent qualifications first.

Diploma in Human Resource Management, XYZ College, 2017 to date Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, ABC Secondary School, 2012-2016

Key Skills And Competencies Acquired While Studying:

Don’t try and squeeze all these details in the profile section of your CV. As you can see in this sample CV for industrial attachment, they have been organized professionally using bullet points to help the employer see your relevance to the job as they skim through your CV.

Excellent knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labour relations and negotiation and personnel information systems, business and management principles
Strong ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing and to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense
Extensive knowledge in employee relations
Good administration and report writing skills
Ability to establish effective working relationships with people at all levels
Well versed in Computer Packages Word, Excel, Access, Power-point, Internet

What is the most important thing about the reference section in this sample CV for industrial attachment? It’s simple, the candidate chooses referees that they knew. It would be embarrassing if an employer contacted your referees and they had never heard of you.

Please feel free to contact the undermentioned in regard to my competence, work ethic, performance and/or any other aspect with respect to me:

Jane Agolla Lecturer XYZ college Tel: 0700 000 000 Email:

Charles Mwangi HOD XYZ college Tel: 0700 000 000 Email:

Peter Mvuli HR Manager (Mentor) JKL Limited Tel: 0700 000 000 Email:

When drafting your industrial attachment CV you have to ensure that you do it in a manner that emphasizes your soft skills because you have no work experience. This will increase your chances of getting a job.

I hope the above sample CV for industrial attachment will help you through the struggle of coming up with a CV that will be shortlisted and not trashed.

If you would like help writing your CV and Cover Letter send an email to [email protected]

READ ALSO >>> Importance Of A Cover Letter in Kenya

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Join Over 15,000 Satisfied Job Seekers Who’ve Gotten Jobs. Upload Your CV. Get Job Alerts Daily. Don’t Miss Out On Your Next Job Opportunity. Register Your CV With US. It’s FREE. Click Here To Register Your CV .

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Sample industrial attachment letter and how to write an industrial attachment application letter

Industrial attachment also known by many as internship normally lasts for three months but the duration differs from institution to institution. Some companies pay for industrial attachment while others do not pay (in an article we had written earlier, we provided a list of companies that pay for industrial attachment). To increase your chances of getting an industrial attachment you have to write an appealing attachment letter.

When writing an industrial attachment application letter or internship application letter be precise and ensure that there are no grammatical or spelling errors in your letter. Company directors have no time to read very long letters. Also, ensure that you have attached your CV to accompany your industrial attachment application letter. Do not be worried about the content in your CV, the company directors or human resource department understand that you are a student so they don’t expect much in your CV.

How to write application letter: Formal format

At the top of the application letter should be your address then followed by the address of the company or receiver. It is not advisable to write your name at the top of a letter. (Check for the sample application letter below)
Thereafter the salutation . Use Sir or Madam if you do not know the name of the person you are writing to.
Reference (This is the title of the application letter) example Application for internship in the engineering department
Opening paragraph : This paragraph should state the position you are applying to or for and how you knew of the position. It should also contain a basic introduction of who you are.
Body paragraph : Explain why you are interested in the position you are applying for, demonstrate your understanding of the position, talk about your qualification and skills in brief as they will be contained in your CV.
Conclusion Paragraph : State that you are ready to take the opportunity fairly. Thank the employer for her/his consideration in advance.
Closing remarks or complimentary remarks: End your letter “Yours Sincerely” if you have begun it with a person’s title and family name. If you have begun “Dear Sir or Madam”, then end your letter “Yours faithfully”

(Your handwritten signature)

Your name typed

Below find a sample attachment letter.

sample industrial attachment application letter

Elvis Lewis

P.O BOX 3556-3767,

December 3, 2013

Ziteck Broadcasting Corporation

P O Box 5755-73623

Dear Sir/Madam,

REF: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

I am a 3rd-year student pursuing mass media and communication at Dadan University and I wish to apply for an attachment. It is a requirement that I spend three months in an industry that is related to my field of study prior to the final year programme.

As indicated in my CV, I have been working as a writer in the campus press and also s a CNN Ireporter. On June 23rd, 2013, I was selected to represent our country at a student journalism conference in Israel. Your company is very suitable for me in terms of my area of interest and your location.

I shall be most grateful if my application is considered favorably.

Yours faithfully,

Important Expressions that you might need to include when writing your cover letter

I am writing in response to your advertisement…for the position of…
As attached in my resume/CV
Kindly find attached my CV
With reference to your advertisement in the Kenyayote Magazine
I am available for interview whenever convenient for you
I would be grateful if you…
I am writing to…

Other unique sample letters that you will find on our website include industrial attachment request letter, department letter, deans letter of attachment, Recommendation letter, Apology letter, Job application letter, Appreciation letter, Thank you letter, Complaint letter, Congratulation letter, Cover letter, Inquiry letter, Interview thank you letter, Love letter, Break up letter, Marriage letter, Resignation letter, Retirement letter among many other types of letters.

You can also find a sample industrial attachment report or internship report.

Use our free tool to generate an attachment application letter. You will be able to download it in pdf format. Thousands of students have used to secure attachment.

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55 responses

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INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT, BACHELOR OF SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE, MAASAI MARA UNIVERSITY

This report is compiled in partial fulfillment of Bachelor science (Computer Science) Degree at Maasai Mara University and it serves to provide an overview of what the student learned during the attachment period at NCPB for the 12-week training. The sources used in writing this report includes; observations of underwriting materials that has been carried out by the company and reading from internet. The report gives a brief description of the history of the company and the functions performed. The company’s complete range of products is mentioned. Organization’s hierarchy chart and brief introduction of ICT department where the student was attached is outlined. The duties that were assigned to the student and the knowledge and skills that were acquired are explained in detail. Evaluation of the company on SWOT analysis is explained at length at the end of the report including conclusions and recommendations for the future of the company.

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CEP-Horizontal-Accountability-in-Arg-and-Kenya

Natalia Aquilino , Agustina Suaya

The importance of maintaining horizontal accountability (HA) between different branches of government is well understood. It has been shown to enhance the performance of state institutions through the provision of effective oversight and a valuable check against the concentration of executive power. However, relatively little is known about the drivers and challenges of horizontal accountability. This paper aims to provide understanding about the determinants of the performance of horizontal accountability in Argentina and Kenya and the institutional conditions under which we could expect to see more or less horizontal accountability. We examine some of the key drivers believed to affect HA outcomes. In particular, we analyse the mechanisms through which formal and informal institutions shape the incentives of state actors to fulfil their HA mandates, as well as the capacity of the legislature to make use of constitutionally mandated HA processes. Although Argentina and Kenya have implemented reforms meant to strengthen the role of parliament vis-a-vis the executive, both countries continue to exhibit low levels of horizontal accountability. Identifying the forces shaping HA is therefore crucial because current gaps between the behaviour prescribed by formal institutions and accountability practices are undermining policy outcomes that affect the lives of millions of citizens. We have chosen to compare HA outcomes in Argentina and Kenya because these countries exhibit similar conditions in terms of their formal institutions and because they have both faced challenges in recent years concerning legislative oversight over State-owned enterprises. We find that creating incentives through regulation and formal institutions is necessary but not sufficient for improving horizontal accountability. Changes in informal institutions and strengthened capacities are also required to achieve better outcomes in Argentina and Kenya. Only after profound reforms in these two aspects, will it be possible to foster the effective use of HA mechanisms. In the long run, better incentives will improve the functioning of HA mechanisms, which we believe is critical to improving the quality of governance.

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Preliminary design of satellite systems through the integration of model-based system engineering and agile methodologies: application to the 3 colstar mission.

1. Introduction

Model-Centric Approach. This means that MBSE centralizes the development and documentation of systems around models, ensuring consistency and reducing redundancy.
System Life Cycle Coverage. MBSE supports all phases of the system life cycle, from requirements analysis and design to verification, validation, and maintenance.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Using MBSE facilitates a concurrent design process across different engineering disciplines by providing a common language and understanding of the system.
Traceability. MBSE enhances traceability between requirements, design, implementation, and testing, ensuring that all aspects of the system are aligned.
Analysis and Simulation. MBSE allows for early and continuous analysis and simulation, enabling engineers to identify and address issues early in the development process.

2. The 3 ColStar Satellite Mission

The satellite must be fully tested for the launch procedure according to the JAXA JEM Payload Accommodation Handbook [ 54 ].
Deployment from the Kibo module in the ISS determines the mission orbit (semi-major axis, eccentricity, inclination, and argument of perigee). For the 3 ColStar, the ground segment has been developed around multiple locations to fulfill the payload’s objectives and the orbit based on the ISS orbital elements. The ground segment is designed for academic purposes, allowing universities with these capabilities to participate actively by utilizing the ground stations. This method facilitates regular satellite connectivity for uploading communication codes, downloading data from the primary weather sensor payload, and managing the secondary IoT payload. The main monitoring and communication station will be centrally located in Bogotá to oversee these operations effectively. To ensure that the communications between the spacecraft and the different ground stations were correctly estimated, an orbital simulation of the mission profile was executed by using an astrodynamics propagator (NASA GMAT) [ 55 ]; to calculate the number of contacts, duration, range, and mission lifetime (re-entry) for the space debris simulation, we used the DRAMA (Debris Risk Assessment and Mitigation Analysis) ESA software (version 3.1.0) [ 56 ]. To validate the mission, multiple orbital simulations were conducted based on possible future launch dates. These simulations were designed to compare the computational performance of 3 ColStar with previous CubeSat missions and to evaluate its behavior under various space conditions. In the case of the 3 ColStar CubeSat, using a simulated launch date, the duration until reaching the same End of Life (EoL) altitude was estimated to be 238 days, based on numerical integration errors from the propagator steps and computational models of atmospheric drag (initial satellite altitude (ISS) (km): 416.016; final satellite altitude (EoL) (km): 161.298). This estimation of perturbations is the result of a static MSISE90 model implemented in the simulation, the ideal spherical model for solar radiation pressure, and the J2 mathematical gravity perturbation (see Figure 2 ). These simulations not only validate the computational models against realistic scenarios but also ensure robust mission planning and execution. Since the mission operations will be located in Colombia (Colombian Air Force SpOC), and due to its proximity to the Equator (0° latitude), the number of contacts will be significantly reduced during mission operation. Based on our simulations for the expected lifetime of the 3 ColStar mission (see Figure 2 ), the summary of the ground stations’ contacts are as follows: the number of contacts with the satellite is 572; the average contact time with the satellite is 284.745 [s].
The size of the CubeSat must not exceed the 1U standard ( Figure 3 a,b).
Hazardous materials must not be used on the satellite, since it will be deployed from a space crewed research facility such as the ISS.
The expected profile of stakeholders is composed of government organizations, research institutes, universities, and other public organizations.

2.1. Concept of Operations (ConOps)

Users and Technology Transfer: This aspect involves various participating institutions facilitating technology transfer. Additionally, end-users will benefit from data generated by the space weather sensor and IoT information, particularly in remote areas for precision agriculture.
Primary and Secondary Payloads: The efficient operation entails the scheduled utilization of the space weather sensor as the primary payload, and the IoT module with store and forward process as the secondary payload.
Satellite Platform: The mission includes a 1U satellite with all necessary systems (Structure and Mechanical, Power System, Communication, Command and Data Handling (C&DH), ADCS, Thermal Control, and Onboard Computer and Software).
Ground Station: The communication infrastructure is established through a network of ground stations to facilitate efficient and continuous communication with the satellite.
Orbital Parameters: The satellite is expected to be launched from Kibo port of ISS to perform a LEO. Table 1 shows the environment orbit parameters.
Mission Operations: The mission is structured into four distinct stages to ensure systematic execution ( Figure 4 ):
Launch ( Figure 5 a) and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) Operations ( Figure 5 b): Includes initial satellite operations post-launch, establishing contact with ground stations, and conducting Early Operation Tests. The ground stations of the participating universities and the COLAF located in different parts of Colombian territory are planned to be used for this mission. The first one is located at the Colombian Air Force Space Operations Center (Spoc) in the city of Cali. Additionally, the other points of contact between the satellite and the ground will be the ground stations of the universities participating in the project, which are located in the city of Bogotá (Universidad Distrital, Universidad Sergio Arboleda), Universidad de Antioquia (Medellin), and in the city of Sogamoso (Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia).
Initial Operations (IOP) ( Figure 5 c): Starts after satellite stabilization, focusing on the initial operations of payloads.
Full Operations (FOP) ( Figure 5 d): The satellite enters in its nominal operational phase, executing payload activities and data download.
Decommissioning (DECO) ( Figure 5 e): The satellite is safely passivated and manages the end of its useful life through systematic shutdown procedures. Each stage is further defined by specific operational modes tailored to various scenarios. For each stage established, some modes of operation have been established, which are mentioned below:
Standby (Sb): Period before the satellite is turned on. All subsystems are inactive.
Released (R): After the standby period, the satellite is turned on, with the EPS and OBC as the only active subsystems.
Pre-detumbling (PD): UHF antennas are deployed, the EPS, OBC, COMMS and ADCS (only determination for telemetry) are active. The COMMS subsystem starts transmitting beacon.
Detumbling (D): Same as the pre-detumbling state, with the magnetorquers operating.
Detumbled (Dd): Once the satellite is detumbled, the ADCS is keeping the desired attitude. The COMMS subsystem is transmitting beacon.
Basic (Ba): The satellite transmits telemetry exclusively.
Nominal (N): Satellite is fully operational. The COMMS subsystem is transmitting scientific data in the following scenarios: – Nominal IoT Dowlink (Nid): IoT application data download. – Nominal IoT Uplink (Niu): Receiving data from the IoT ground sensors. – Nominal Space Weather (Ns): Nominal operation of the Space Weather payload (ON). – Nominal Space Weather Dowlink (Nsd): Space Weather payload data download.
Sun Safe (SS): If the battery levels become critically low (below 1.5 V, see Table A4 ), the satellite enters this mode. From the power budget point of view, this mode is identical to the Dd mode.
Ground Mode (GM): Mode designed for ground testing, but also accessible in orbit. No limitation in terms of function execution, designed for contingency scenarios. It gives to the operator a total control of the spacecraft.
Survival (Sv): After an unexpected anomaly, the satellite enters in this mode. The payloads are disabled, the ADCS kepts the desired attitude, and COMMS transmits scientific data.
Satellite Off (OFF): Satellite is turned off during its operation due to unexpected events. EPS, OBC and COMMS are ON. The satellite will receive TCs from ground.
Decommissioning (DC): The satellite is deactivated and safely manage the end of its useful life. Typical activities in Decommissioning mode include: – Systems Decommissioning: The satellite’s operating systems, such as scientific instruments, transmitters, and other electronic components, are shut down in an orderly fashion [ 59 ]. – Battery Passivation: Batteries are discharged to minimize the risk of explosions or malfunctions that could generate more space debris. – Final Transmission and Power Shutdown: A final transmission is sent and then the satellite power is permanently shut down, disconnecting the solar panels from the EPS.

2.2. 3 ColStar Main Requirements

2.3. preliminary design.

Validation and Verification: The sequential approach allowed for a detailed analysis and validation of each subsystem’s functionality before progressing to the next phase. This was crucial for ensuring that each subsystem met its requirements and integrated smoothly with others, thus reducing the risks associated with subsystem interactions and performance.
Risk Management: By focusing on sequential development, risks could be managed more effectively. Each subsystem’s design and performance were thoroughly validated before advancing to integration, minimizing the potential for issues during later stages of development. The sequential approach provided a controlled environment for identifying and addressing potential problems early in the design phase.
Documentation and Configuration Management: The sequential approach facilitated rigorous documentation and configuration management. Detailed development information for each subsystem was meticulously recorded and updated in a common online repository, ensuring that all stakeholders had access to the most current data. This practice helped mitigate risks related to discrepancies and promoted efficient integration once subsystem manufacturing and assembly commenced.

2.3.1. Electric Power Systems-Power Budget

2.3.2. thermal subsystem, 2.3.3. on-board computer, 2.3.4. attitude determination and control system, 2.3.5. communication subsystem.

SDR: The software-defined radio allows one to process the message signal improving favorable characteristics for a correct demodulation.
The general control system: Manages message reception and antenna positioning; often this task is performed by software such as orbitron.
Prediction: From the georeferencing of the ground station, it predicts the time and direction of possible links with the satellite.
Rotator System: Allows one to orient the antennas towards the satellite to ensure the highest power gain in the link.
Portable with self-sustaining power supply.
Operation by reception of satellite alert signals.
Unique identification code for each node and intercom system with satellite for logging tasks and access for IoT data upload.

2.3.6. Payload

Enhance our understanding of the sun’s activity and its impact on space weather.
Collect valuable data for space weather forecasting, which is critical for safeguarding space assets and satellite operations.
Improve our ability to predict and mitigate space weather-related disruptions to communication, navigation, and satellite systems.

3. Model-Based System Engineering for Preliminary Design

3.1. brief overview of existing mbse methods and techniques, 3.1.1. systems engineering, 3.1.2. the v-model, 3.1.3. digital engineering, 3.1.4. model-based systems engineering, 3.2. arcadia method and capella modelling tool.

Understand the real customer needs.
Define and share the product architecture among all engineering stakeholders.
Validate the design early and justify it.
Ease and mastery of Integration, Validation, Verification, and Qualification (IVVQ).

3.3. Integration of System Requirements within the Capella System Model

System needs and and Integration: Requirements were established initially from mission concept, translated into Capella, and linked to various model elements, including operational scenarios, system functions, logical components, and physical designs. For example, the requirement for the solar weather payload to measure solar radiation with ±5% accuracy was captured in Capella’s requirement management module. This requirement was then linked to specific system functions and logical components responsible for implementing this functionality.
Bidirectional Traceability: Bidirectional traceability was established to ensure that each requirement could be traced forward to its corresponding design elements and backward to its source. This was achieved by creating traceability links between the requirements and their associated system functions, logical components, and verification test cases. For instance, the requirement for data transmission every 30 min was linked to the design specifications of the IoT payload, ensuring that all aspects of the requirement were addressed. This was validated with the link budget model developed by the communications team.
Connectivity Diagrams and Matrices: Capella provided diagrams and matrices to visualize the relationship between requirements and their corresponding design elements. These representations were used to verify that all components, functions and actors were fully addressed and to monitor how changes in the architecture impacted the design. For example, traceability matrices from the system’s physical level showed, from multi-physics analysis, the alignment of the solar weather payload’s accuracy requirement with its corresponding design elements and test cases.
Validation and Verification: From the system architecture based on the Capella model, the validation and verification were established by using additional tools, such as Ansys STK, NASA GMAT, Matlab and Simulink, throughout the project. From the component to system level, each part was linked to test cases and validation criteria, enabling systematic verification of compliance with mission objectives. For example, test cases related to the solar radiation measurement accuracy were linked to the specific design elements responsible for this function, ensuring that the requirements were validated through testing.

3.3.1. Subsystem Design Integration

Requirements: – Continuous availability of power. – Efficient solar power generation and distribution. – Resistance to space environmental conditions.
Logical and Physical Design: – Logical Functions: power generation, storage, and distribution. – Physical Components: solar panels, batteries, and power management units (PMUs). – Traceability: the requirements for continuous power were linked to specific physical components, such as solar panels and batteries, ensuring direct alignment from requirement to implementation.
Requirements: – Data processing, command execution, and system monitoring. – High reliability and fault tolerance.
Logical and Physical Design: – Logical Functions: data processing, command handling, and system health monitoring. – Physical Components: locally manufactured OBC capable of performing the identified logical functions. – Traceability: the requirements for data processing and command execution were linked to the physical OBC component.
Requirements: – Precise control and stabilization of orientation. – Fine-tuning capability and automatic correction.
Logical and Physical Design: – Logical Functions: attitude sensing, control algorithms, and actuation. – Physical Components: reaction wheel, fine-sun sensor, and magnetorquers. – Traceability: the attitude control requirements were linked to the ADCS components, ensuring each logical function was reflected in the physical design.
Requirements: – Reliable communication with ground stations. – Capability for long-distance data transmission and reception.
Logical and Physical Design: – Logical Functions: signal transmission, reception, and encoding/decoding. – Physical Components: antennas, transceivers, and modems. – Traceability: the reliability requirements for communication were traced to specific components designed to handle data transmission and reception.
Requirements: – Maintenance of operational temperatures within safe limits. – Protection against extreme space temperatures.
Logical and Physical Design: – Logical Functions: heat dissipation and thermal insulation. – Physical Components: radiators, thermal blankets, and heaters. – Traceability: the thermal control requirements were linked to the physical components, ensuring effective thermal management.
MiniPIX TPX3 SPACE Sensor: – Requirements: * Capability for particle detection and scientific data acquisition. * Low power consumption and reduced weight. – Logical and Physical Design: * Logical Functions: particle detection, data acquisition, and analysis. * Physical Components: MiniPIX TPX3 SPACE sensor and associated electronics. * Traceability: the scientific data collection requirements were linked to the MiniPIX sensor, ensuring alignment with mission objectives.
IoT Payload: – Requirements: * Enable IoT connectivity in remote areas. * Support for educational and social impact initiatives. – Logical and Physical Design: * Logical Functions: IoT data transmission, environmental monitoring, and connectivity. * Physical Components: IoT transceivers, sensors, and supporting electronics. * Traceability: the requirements for IoT connectivity and educational outreach were linked to the IoT payload components, ensuring they met the mission’s social and educational objectives.

3.3.2. Traceability and Validation in Capella

Import and Structuring: Requirements were imported and hierarchically structured within Capella’s Requirement Viewpoint, assigning them to relevant logical and physical components to ensure traceability throughout the model.
Logical Layer Traceability: Requirements were linked to logical components and functions, ensuring adherence to specified needs.
Physical Layer Traceability: Physical components were traced back to logical functions and requirements, maintaining continuity.
Bidirectional Traceability: Capella facilitated bidirectional traceability, allowing backtracking from physical components to high-level requirements and forward tracking from requirements to detailed physical designs.
Requirement Allocation Matrix: Visual tools within Capella, such as the Requirement Allocation Matrix, illustrated relationships between requirements, logical components, and physical components.
Traceability Diagrams: Diagrams like Requirement Coverage Diagrams visually represented requirement coverage by system elements, highlighting any gaps or overlaps.

3.3.3. Comprehensive Design Activities

Integrated Approach: An integrated yet individually focused approach ensured effective collaboration and cohesion among subsystems. Weekly meetings addressed cross-functional issues and ensured cohesive problem-solving across all components.
Sequential Development: Sequential development was prioritized to allow detailed analysis and validation of each subsystem’s functionality before advancing to the next phase. This approach effectively managed risks by validating each subsystem’s design and performance before integration.
Agile Methodologies: Agile methodologies were integrated to effectively handle dynamic requirements and provide iterative development, stakeholder involvement, and flexibility. Agile’s iterative process allowed for continuous refinement and adaptation to changing requirements and stakeholder feedback.

3.3.4. Example of Traceability

High-Level Requirement: Enhance Colombia’s expertise in space technology. – Logical Component: Training and Development Module * Linked Requirement: Develop and integrate locally manufactured space components. – Physical Component: Locally Manufactured On-Board Computer (OBC) * Linked Logical Function: On-Board Data Processing * Traceability Link: The OBC component is directly linked to the training and development requirement through its logical function.

4. Preliminary Design of the 3 ColStar KiboCUBE Mission

4.1. 3 colstar kibocube agile methodology implementation.

Software is more malleable (easier to change) than hardware. The cost of change is much higher for hardware than for software.
Specialized hardware parts may take significantly longer to procure as compared to software.
Software products develop over time with successive releases, involving the addition of new features and the refinement of existing ones. In contrast, hardware products primarily comprise physical components that cannot be easily altered after manufacturing like software. They cannot gain new capabilities through simple modifications.
Architectural decisions heavily influence the design of a hardware product, needing a higher upfront investment in architectural planning due to the high cost of making changes later, unlike in software products.

Click here to enlarge figure

4.2. 3 ColStar KiboCUBE MBSE Architecture with Capella Modeling Tool

Logical Actor: Any element that is external to the system (human or non-human) and that interacts with it.
Logical Function: Behavior or service provided by a logical component or by a logical actor. A logical function has Function Ports that allow it to communicate with the other logical functions.
Functional Exchange: A unidirectional exchange of information or matter between two logical functions, linking two Function Ports. An example is IoT data between two logical functions in the IoT module.
Behaviour Physical Component: Physical component tasked with physical functions and therefore carrying out part of the behavior of the system (for example software component, data server, etc.).
Physical Port: Non-oriented port that belongs to an Implementation Component (or Node). The structural port (Component Port), on the other hand, has to belong to a Behaviour Component;
Physical Link: Non-oriented material connection between Implementation Components (or Nodes). The Component Exchange remains a connection between Behaviour Components. A physical Link allows one or several Component Exchanges to take place (USB cable, etc.).

5. Discussion

5.1. model governance and permissions in capella.

System Engineering Oversight: Two designated System Engineers were assigned critical roles in model governance. The Lead System Engineer, supported by a secondary System Engineer, held the authority to implement changes across the system model. This hierarchical structure ensured that modifications were aligned with the mission’s high-level requirements and facilitated overall integration.
Subsystem Management: Each subsystem within the satellite platform was managed by specific representatives who were granted permissions to modify their respective areas. These representatives were tasked with ensuring that their designs adhered to the mission requirements and that any changes were accurately reflected in the model.
Cross-Subsystem Coordination: To manage interactions between subsystems, regular cross-functional meetings were organized. These meetings included representatives from the affected subsystems and the System Engineering team. The purpose was to discuss and implement modifications that involved multiple subsystems, ensuring that the integrated model remained consistent and coherent.
View-Only Permissions: For team members not directly involved in model modifications, view-only permissions were implemented. This approach preserved the model’s integrity by restricting editing capabilities to authorized personnel only.
Project Management Oversight: A team of five Project Managers was responsible for authorizing changes that had financial implications or were critical to the project. Their oversight ensured that modifications were evaluated for their impact on both technical aspects and project budgets.
Weekly Status Meetings: Weekly meetings were held to provide updates on the project’s status and discuss recent changes. These meetings were essential for keeping all team members, including those with view-only access, informed about ongoing developments and modifications to the model.

6. Conclusions

Author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.

ADCS	Attitude Determination and Control System
ASIC	Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
ConOps	Concepts of operations
DECO	Decommissioning
DRAMA	Debris Risk Assessment and Mitigation Analysis
DoDAF	Department of Defense Architecture Framework
ECSS	European Cooperation for Space Standardization
EPS	Electrical Power System
FAC	Colombian Aerospace Force
FECF	Frame Error Control Field
FOP	Full Operations
GS	Ground Station
IAC	IoT Access Code
IMU	Inertial Measurement Unit
INCOSE	International Council on Systems Engineering
IOP	Initial Operations
ISS	International Space Station
IVVQ	Integration, Validation, Verification, and Qualification
JAXA	Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
LA	Logical Architecture
LEOP	Launch and Early Orbit Phase
MB	Mother Board
MBSE	Model-Based Systems Engineering
MCU	Microchip Microcontroller
MTQs	Magnetorquers
OBC	On-Board Computer
OMG	Object Management Group
OPM	Object-Process Methodology
PCU	Power Conditioning Unit
RAAN	Right Ascension of the Ascending Node
RAC	Remote Control Access Code
SE	Systems Engineering
SH	Segment Header
SpOC	Space Operations Center
SysML	Systems Modeling Language
TFPH	Transfer Frame Primary Header
TT&C	Telemetry, tracking, and control
UNOOSA	United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

Appendix A. 3 ColStar Main Requirements

Requirements	Description

PrimMis-001	In nominal mode, the satellite will have 30 min of activation in which it will collect 197 MB corresponding to the sensor images for space radiation; the sensor will make a total of 1800 images during this mode.
PrimMis-002	The information vector must be transmitted using the satellite’s communication frequency (amateur radio band).
PrimMis-003	We will develop and deploy a CubeSat capable of performing solar observations, focusing on the measurement of solar wind particles and IoT sensors.
SecmMis-001	We will establish partnerships with local industry stakeholders to promote knowledge exchange and resource sharing in space technology and IoT.

Des-001	The satellite should be able to store the 197 MB of the solar weather sensor and the 90 MB generated by the IoT payload.
Des-002	The project will develop a flight-enabled CubeSat capable of being launched from the International Space Station.
Des-003	The project shall comply with the safety standards of the International Space Station NSTS SSP 51700.

GSeg-001	Technology will be developed by the partner universities for narrowband transmission of IoT data for the Ground Satellite to Satellite uplink and Node IoT to Satellite.
GSeg-002	The satellite shall have commands defined for the control of georeferenced telemetry and for monitoring satellite subsystems.
GSeg-003	The ground station will have to operate in UHF band complying with the requirements, especially the transmission power regulated by the government, to guarantee the correct access of the satellite. The communication subsystem shall have the ability to send and receive satellite data for both the IoT and the payload with the minimum error rate allowed and with a frequency within the amateur radio band.

USeg-001	User segment components for NB-IoT technology shall be designed with modularity and upgradability in mind, allowing for future enhancements and adaptability to evolving mission needs.
USeg-002	The space weather sensor should collect data in a format that universities and students can easily interpret and use for scientific research.
USeg-003	Implement robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard transmitted and stored data, ensuring confidentiality for both agricultural users’ operational information and scientific research data from universities.

Ope-001	The satellite should be able to delete the stored data from the solar sensor and IoT module measurements and be ready for new storage.
Ope-002	The Cubesat shall function in various operational modes (e.g., data collection mode, transmission mode, power-saving mode) as per mission requirements.
Ope-003	The CubeSat must be capable of having controlled activation and deactivation to conserve power and operate efficiently as needed.

Laun-001	The deployment platform for small satellites, utilizing J-SSOD [ ], specifies the requirements for launching a 1U satellite from the Japanese Kibo module of the International Space Station (ISS).
Laun-002	Satellite Size: The platform accommodates CubeSats of 1U size, measuring approximately 10 × 10 × 10 cm.
Laun-003	Satellite Mass: For a 1U CubeSat, the mass is limited to 1.33 kg or less.
Laun-004	Orbital Altitude: The satellite is deployed at an altitude approximately between 380 and 420 km above Earth’s surface.
Laun-005	Inclination: The deployment orbit maintains an inclination of 51.6° relative to the equator.
Laun-006	Deployment Direction: Deployment occurs in the Nadir-aft direction, which is 45° from the ISS nadir side.
Laun-007	Deployment Velocity: The deployment velocity for a 1U CubeSat ranges from 1.1 to 1.7 m/s.
Laun-008	Ballistic Coefficient: The platform ensures a ballistic coefficient of 100 kg/m or less to facilitate safe deployment.

Appendix B. Power Consumption for 3 ColStar Modes

	Released (R)			Pre-Detumbling (PD)			Detumbling (D)			Detumbled (Dd)			Basic (Ba)
Subsystems	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	Transm	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)
OBC	0.200	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308
EPS: converters, MCU, batteries, heater	0.260	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201
Deployable Antenna System	0.040	2.0	0.001	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000
Deployable Solar Pannels	8.000	0.5	0.067	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0					0	0.0
ADCS Board and sensors	0.000	0.0	0.000	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	92.5	0.462
ADCS magnetorques	0.000	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0.55	92.5	0.848	0.55	92.5	0.848	0.55	92.5	0.848
COMMS: TTC - Payload IoT_SW_	0.000	0.0	0.000	5.35	12.0	1.070	5.35	12.0	1.347	5.35	12.0	1.347	5.35	12.0	1.347
Payload Weather solar_Sensor	0.000	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	30.0	0.000
Payload Electronic SW	0.000	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	92.5	0.000	0	92.5	0.000
Payload Single reaction wheel	0.000	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	92.5	0.000	0.15	10.0	0.031
Payload fine sun sensor	0.000	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	92.5	0.000	0.01	92.5	0.015
GPS_Antenna	0.000	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0.171	5.0	0.014
TOTAL	8.500		1.577	6.11		3.041	6.66		4.166	6.66		4.166	6.991		4.227

	Nominal IoT DL (Nid)			Nominal IoT UL (Niu)			Nominal SW (Ns)			Nominal SW DL (Nsd)
Subsystems	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	Transm	t (min)	E (Wh)
OBC	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308
EPS: converters, MCU, batteries, heater	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201
Deployable Antenna System	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000
Deployable Solar Pannels	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000
ADCS Board and sensors	0.3	0.0	0.000	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	0.0	0.000
ADCS magnetorques	0.55	92.5	0.848	0	0.0	0.000	0.55	92.5	0.848	0.55	92.5	0.848
COMMS: TTC - Payload IoT_SW_	5.35	12.0	1.353	2.14	12.0	0.428	0.2	12.0	0.317	5.35	12.0	1.353
Payload Weather solar_Sensor	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	2.5	30.0	1.250	0	0.0	0.000
Payload Electronic SW	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308
Payload Single reaction wheel	0.15	15.0	0.038	0.15	15.0	0.038	0.15	15.0	0.038	0.15	15.0	0.038
Payload fine sun sensor	0.01	0.0	0.000	0.01	0.0	0.000	0.01	0.0	0.000	0.01	0.0	0.000
GPS _Antenna	0.171	10.0	0.029	0.171	10.0	0.029	0.171	30.0	0.086	0.171	10.0	0.029
TOTAL	7.191		4.085	3.431		2.774	4.541		4.817	7.191		4.085

	Sun Safe (SS)			Survival (Sv)			Satellite Off (OFF)			Decommissioning (DC)
Subsystems	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	P (W)	t (min)	E (Wh)	Transm	t (min)	E (Wh)
OBC	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308
EPS: converters, MCU, batteries, heater	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201	0.26	92.5	1.201
Deployable Antenna System	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000
Deployable Solar Pannels				0	0.0		0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000
ADCS Board and sensors	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	92.5	0.462	0.3	0.0	0.000
ADCS magnetorques	0.55	92.5	0.848	0.55	92.5	0.848	0.55	92.5	0.848	0.55	92.5	0.848
COMMS: TTC - Payload IoT_SW_	0.2	12.0	0.317	5.35	12.0	1.347	0.2	12.0	0.317	5.35	12.0	1.353
Payload Weather solar_Sensor	0	0.0	0.000	0	30.0	0.000	0	30.0	0.000	2.5	0.0	0.000
Payload Electronic SW	0	92.5	0.000	0	92.5	0.000	0.2	92.5	0.308	0.2	92.5	0.308
Payload Single reaction wheel	0	92.5	0.000	0.15	10.0	0.031	0.15	15.0	0.038	0.15	0.0	0.000
Payload fine sun sensor	0	92.5	0.000	0.01	92.5	0.015	0.01	0.0	0.000	0.01	0.0	0.000
GPS _Antenna	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000	0	0.0	0.000
TOTAL	1.510		3.136	6.82		4.212	1.87		3.482	9.52		4.019

Appendix C. Equations Used for the Preliminary Analysis of the Thermal Subsystem

Appendix d. 3 colstar subsystem capabilities and physical architecture.

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Perigee height	400–460 Km
Eccentricity (e)	0.0008103
Inclination (i)	51.63°
RAAN	174.97°
Orbital period	91–94 min

	Power by Operating Mode (W)					Power (W)
Subsystem	Standby	Recharge	Reception	Transmission	P_Solar Wheater	Min_Standby	Typ.	Max.
OBC [ ]	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.20	0.20	0.20
EPS [ ]: converters, MCU, batteries, heater	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	3.26
Deployable Antenna System [ ]	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.04	2.00
ADCS Board and sensors [ ]	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.00	8.50	8.84
ADCS magnetorques [ ]	0	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.30	0.30	0.30
COMMS_Payload IoT SW [ ]	1.4	1.4	2.12	5.35	1.4	0.00	0.55	0.55
Payload Weather solar [ ]	0	0	0	0	2.5	0.20	2.12	5.35
Payload Electronic WS [ ]	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.00	1.50	2.50
Payload Single reaction wheel [ ]	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.20	0.20	0.20
Payload fine sun sensor [ ]	0.0025	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.15	3.25
GPS [ ]	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0.01	0.01
	24.475	3.005	3.725	6.955	5.505	0.17	0.17	0.19
Energy per orbit Wh (IoT OFF/ON_12 min)	2.70	3.57			3.79
Energy per orbit Wh 30 min solar	4.59	5.46	3.71	4.36	6.71

Configuration	Mode	Energy Per Orbit [Wh]	Pmax (W)	Efficiency (Wh) 90%
Using Depoyable Panels	Sun Pointing	6.47	6.84	5.82
Using Depoyable Panels	Nadir Pointing	2.72	3.54	2.45
No Deployable Panels	Sun Pointing	2.11	2.23	1.90
No Deployable Panels	Nadir Pointing	2.32	3.11	2.09

Mode	Power (W)	Energy (Wh)
Standby (Sb)	0	0
Released (R)	9.00	1.58
Pre-detumbling (PD)	6.11	3.04
Detumbling (D)	6.66	4.17
Detumbled (Dd)	6.66	4.17
Basic (Ba)	7.19	4.53
Nominal IoT DL (Nid)	7.19	4.08
Nominal IoT UL (Niu)	3.43	2.77
Nominal SW (Ns)	4.54	5.09
Nominal SW DL (Nsd)	7.19	4.08
Sun Safe (SS)	1.51	3.14
Ground Mode (GM)	7.02	3.25
Survival (Sv)	6.82	4.21
Satellite Off (OFF)	1.87	3.48
Decommissioning (D)	9.52	9.60

Subsystem	Breakdown	Material	Maximumm Mass	Mass Fraction	Heat Capacity [J/kg K]
Structure	Ribs	Al 6061	24.31	1.84%	961.2
Structure	Side Frames	Al 6061	57.38	4.34%	961.2
Structure	Kill Switch	Al 6061	3.10	0.23%	961.2
Structure	Threaded rod	Al 6061	6.06	0.46%	961.2
Structure	Spacers	Al 6061	10.60	0.80%	961.2
Structure	Screw–Washers–Nuts	Al 6061	16.00	1.21%	961.2
Payload	MINIPIX TPX3	PCB	45.10	3.41%	1544.0
Payload	Control moment gyroscope (CMG)	Steel	136.50	10.32%	500.0
Payload	Nano-SSOC-A60 analog sun sensor	PCB	4.07	0.31%	1544.0
Payload	Space weather	PCB	3.30	0.25%	1544.0
OBC	Mainboard	PCB	103.40	7.82%	1544.0
OBC	Daughter Board	PCB	6.60	0.50%	1544.0
EPS	MainBoard	PCB	18.00	1.36%	1544.0
EPS	Battery Pack	Li-Po	184.00	13.91%	1350.0
EPS	PCB +X	PCB	77.00	5.82%	1544.0
EPS	PCB −X	PCB	77.00	5.82%	1544.0
EPS	PCB +Y	PCB	55.00	4.16%	1544.0
EPS	PCB −Y	PCB	55.00	4.16%	1544.0
EPS	PCB +Z	PCB	55.00	4.16%	1544.0
EPS	PCB −Z	PCB	38.50	2.91%	1544.0
ADCS	MainBoard	PCB	24.00	1.81%	1544.0
ADCS	Magnetorquers	PCB	130.00	9.83%	1544.0
COMM	Tranceiver—IOT	PCB	85.60	6.47%	1544.0
COMM	Antenna System	PCB	107.00	8.09%	1544.00
Total			1322.53	100%

Parameter	WHC	WCC
Solar Constant (W/m )	1412.5	1321.7
Albedo Factor (°)	0.39	0.3
Earth’s Effective Temperature (K)	300	250

Payload	(°C)	(°C)
OBC	−20	70
EPS	−40	80
ADCS	−40	80
COMM	−20	60

Phase	Purpose	Typical Outcome
Pre-Phase A. Concept Studies	To produce a broad spectrum of ideas and alternatives for missions from which new programs/projects can be selected. Determine feasibility of desired system, develop mission concepts, draft system-level requirements, assess performance, cost, and schedule feasibility; identify potential technology needs, and scope.	Feasible system concepts in the form of simulations, analysis, study reports, models, and mock-ups
Phase A. Concept and Technology Development	To determine the feasibility and desirability of a suggested new system and establish an initial baseline compatibility with NASA’s strategic plans. Develop final mission concept, system-level requirements, needed system technology developments, and program/project technical management plans.	System concept definition in the form of simulations, analysis, engineering models and mock-ups, and trade study definition
Phase B. Preliminary Design and Technology Completion	To define the project in enough detail to establish an initial baseline capable of meeting mission needs. Develop system structure end product (and enabling product) requirements and generate a preliminary design for each system structure end product.	End products in the form of mock-ups, trade study results, specification and interface documents, and prototypes

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Share and Cite

Buitrago-Leiva, J.N.; Mejía, J.J.; Puerta-Ibarra, J.F.; Acero-Niño, I.F.; Guarnizo-Saavedra, A.F.; Rodriguez-Ferreira, J.; Rojas-Rodriguez, L.; Hernández-Torres, F.L.; Arango-Cotacio, C.E.; Salazar-Morales, J.E.; et al. Preliminary Design of Satellite Systems through the Integration of Model-Based System Engineering and Agile Methodologies: Application to the 3 ColStar Mission. Aerospace 2024 , 11 , 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090758

Buitrago-Leiva JN, Mejía JJ, Puerta-Ibarra JF, Acero-Niño IF, Guarnizo-Saavedra AF, Rodriguez-Ferreira J, Rojas-Rodriguez L, Hernández-Torres FL, Arango-Cotacio CE, Salazar-Morales JE, et al. Preliminary Design of Satellite Systems through the Integration of Model-Based System Engineering and Agile Methodologies: Application to the 3 ColStar Mission. Aerospace . 2024; 11(9):758. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090758

Buitrago-Leiva, Jeimmy Nataly, Juan José Mejía, Juan Francisco Puerta-Ibarra, Ignacio Francisco Acero-Niño, Andrés Felipe Guarnizo-Saavedra, Julian Rodriguez-Ferreira, Leandro Rojas-Rodriguez, Francisco Luis Hernández-Torres, Cristian Esteban Arango-Cotacio, Jorge Enrique Salazar-Morales, and et al. 2024. "Preliminary Design of Satellite Systems through the Integration of Model-Based System Engineering and Agile Methodologies: Application to the 3 ColStar Mission" Aerospace 11, no. 9: 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090758

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This paper presents a case study on integrating Agile Systems Engineering methodologies in the preliminary design phase of satellite systems, focusing on the 3ColStar satellite mission. Through Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), technical consistency was rigorously managed across various architectural documents, ensuring coherency and minimizing errors.