unn thesis and dissertation

UNN Institutional Repository (IR)

• Post author: helen123
• Post published: March 17, 2016
• Post category: News / News slider

The Nnamdi Azikiwe Library Institutional Repository for University of Nigeria Nsukka is now up! To access our Theses and Dissertations via this repository, click HERE!

To download the IR guide, click here :

You Might Also Like

Unn library marks world book day, ebscohost e-content for unn, mega research funding opportunity: the european union’s horizon 2020 programme.

© 2020 University of Nigeria  Powered by Tenece

• Reports, Thesis & Dissertations (1)

Categories in

The Legislations Affecting Business organization in Nigeria

By Essen A.c.

The aim of this study is to critically discuss and asses the relevant laws that affect business in Nigeria, this would also acquent us with otheer environmental factor that make or frustrate business operation in Nigeria

Published: 14/09/2018

Tags: The Legislations Affecting Business organization in Nigeria

Size: 2.05MB

• High Impact Intervention
• Zonal Intervention
• Disaster Recovery
• National Research Fund (NRF)
• Physical Infrastructure/Program Upgrade
• Academic Staff Training and Development
• Library Development
• Conference Attendance
• Teaching Practice
• Institution Based Research
• ICT Support
• Academic Research Journal
• TETFund Project Maintenance
• Equipment Fabrication
• Entrepreneurship
• Academic Manuscript Development
• Advancement: Funding
• Donor Forms
• Types of Gifts
• Terms & Conditions
• Automobile Maintenance
• Dairy & Poultry Farm
• Institution Bookshop
• ResearchGate

Visit Our YOUTUBE PAGE

Payment of electricity.

• Institutions
• Faculty of Agriculture
• Faculty of Arts
• Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

Faculty of Biological Science

• Faculty of Business Administration
• Faculty of Dentistry
• Faculty of Education
• Faculty of Engineering
• Faculty of Environmental Studies
• Faculty of Health Sciences
• Faculty of Law
• Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science

Faculty of social science, faculty of physical science.

• Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
• Faculty of Vocational Technical Education

Institute of African Studies

Institute for development studies, institute of mental & child health, institute for drugs-herbal medicine-excipient research and development (id-hed-erd).

• Institute of Education

Institute of Marine Studies

Institute of molecular medicine & infectious diseases.

• Institute of Public Health
• UNN Business School

School of Post Graduate Studies

• School of General Studies

African Centre of Excellence For Sustainable Power & Energy Development

• Advancement Centre

B.I.C. Ijeomah Centre For Policy Studies & Research

• Youth Friendly Resource Centre
• Biotechnology Centre

University of Nigeria Guest House

• Lion Science Park
• Roar Nigeria

Centre For Rural Development & Cooperatives

Centre for basic space science, lion gadgets & technologies centre, equipment research & maintenance centre.

• Energy Research Centre

Strategic Contacts, Ethics & Publications

Centre for igbo studies, gender & policy development centre, climate change, centre for entreprenuership & development research, resource & environmental policy research centre.

• Organization of Women In Science For Developing World

Centre For American Studies

Centre for distant & e-learning, centre for environmental management & control, unn international collaboration.

• University Administration
• Administrative Support Unit
• Other Department
• The Chancellor

The Pro Chancellor

The Vice Chancellor

The Registry

• The Principal Officers

International Collaborations

• Vice Chancellor’s Office

Intellectual Property & Technology Transfer Office

• University Bookshop
• University Press
• Management Information Systems Unit
• Nnamdi Azikiwe Library

EBSCO Host e-Connect

• Library Online Catalogue
• Publications
• Online Resources

Library Journal

• Institutional Repository

Research Gate Presence

• Verification

Alumni Update

I-transcript.

• Open Edu.Resources
• Post Graduate
• Undergraduate
• Faculty of Biological Sciences
• Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Faculty of Social Sciences
• Faculty of Physical Sciences
• Institute of Climate Change Studies, Energy and Environment
• Institute for Development Studies
• Institute For Drug-Herbal Medicine-Expient Research and Development
• Institute Of Maternal & Child Health
• Institute of Marintime Studies
• Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases
• School of Postgraduate Studies
• African Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Power & Energy Development
• B.I.C. Ijomah Centre for Policy Studies and Research
• Strategic Contacts, Ethics & Publications
• Centre for Rural Development and Cooperatives
• Centre for Basic Space Science
• Centre for Entrepreneurship & Development Research
• Centre for American Studies
• Centre for Igbo Studies
• Centre for Environmental Management & Control
• Centre for Distance & e-Learning
• BIC Ijomah Centre For Policy Studies & Research
• Lion Gadgets & Technologies Centre
• Gender & Development Policy Centre
• Equipment Research & Maintenance Centre
• Resource & Environmental Policy Research Center
• Education Innovation Center
• University Of Nigeria Guest House
• The Pro-Chancellor
• The Vice-Chancellor
• Registry Department
• Information Communication Technology (ICT) Unit
• Physical Planning Unit
• Intellectual Property & Technology Transfer Office
• Academic Planning Unit
• Computing Centre
• Quality Assurance Unit
• Medical Centre
• Sports Council
• UNN Consult
• Service Commission (SERVICOM)
• UNN Advancement Centre
• University Of Nigeria General Enterprise Limited
• Bursary Department
• Security Department
• Student Affairs Department
• Works Services Department
• EBSCOHost e-Content
• ResearchGate Presence
• Campus Life
• Ituku Ozalla
• College of Medicine
• I-Transcript
• Open Edu. Resources

PHD Research Paper Writing Workshop

PHD RESEARCH PAPER WRITING WORKSHOP

As part of the University’s effort to encourage and support students who are at the writing stage of their theses and want to get papers published in Journals listed in ISI Web of Science [Thomson Reuters) and Scopus, the School of Postgraduate Studies of University of Nigeria, in collaboration with the Demography and Population StudiesProgramme, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, will be organizing a three-day writing workshop for  PhD students at the writing stage of their theses.

During the workshop, PhD students, who are writing up their theses or would want to extract papers from their theses, will focus exclusively on writing skills and publication processes. Experienced discipline-based facilitators will be available to guide the students and review write-ups to be produced by the student participants.

Date and Venue: October 12-14, 2017; Venue: UNN Main Campus

Date and Venue: October 18-20, 2017; Venue: UNN Enugu Campus

Potential Outcomes: Completion of PhD Thesis; Translating PhD theses to publishable manuscripts; preparing for Special Journal Volumes and Publishing of completed manuscripts in credible Journals.

If you have a draft manuscript, please forward it to: [email protected] on or before Monday 9 th October 2017. The manuscripts will be sorted out by Faculties.

Please note this Workshop will be intensive and can only accommodate early career researchers and students with draft manuscripts.

For further enquiries about the workshop, contact [email protected]

Dean,School of Postgraduate School

Connect With Us

© 2024. university of nigeria, powered by tenece professional services, affiliate institutions w a t, general information, organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons, academic calendar, unn accreditation result, support units, stakeholders, health & safety, unn-research-policy, unn strategic plan, misconduct policy.

How To Write A Dissertation Or Thesis

8 straightforward steps to craft an a-grade dissertation.

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) Expert Reviewed By: Dr Eunice Rautenbach | June 2020

Writing a dissertation or thesis is not a simple task. It takes time, energy and a lot of will power to get you across the finish line. It’s not easy – but it doesn’t necessarily need to be a painful process. If you understand the big-picture process of how to write a dissertation or thesis, your research journey will be a lot smoother.  

In this post, I’m going to outline the big-picture process of how to write a high-quality dissertation or thesis, without losing your mind along the way. If you’re just starting your research, this post is perfect for you. Alternatively, if you’ve already submitted your proposal, this article which covers how to structure a dissertation might be more helpful.

How To Write A Dissertation: 8 Steps

• Clearly understand what a dissertation (or thesis) is
• Find a unique and valuable research topic
• Craft a convincing research proposal
• Write up a strong introduction chapter
• Review the existing literature and compile a literature review
• Design a rigorous research strategy and undertake your own research
• Present the findings of your research
• Draw a conclusion and discuss the implications

Step 1: Understand exactly what a dissertation is

This probably sounds like a no-brainer, but all too often, students come to us for help with their research and the underlying issue is that they don’t fully understand what a dissertation (or thesis) actually is.

So, what is a dissertation?

At its simplest, a dissertation or thesis is a formal piece of research , reflecting the standard research process . But what is the standard research process, you ask? The research process involves 4 key steps:

• Ask a very specific, well-articulated question (s) (your research topic)
• See what other researchers have said about it (if they’ve already answered it)
• If they haven’t answered it adequately, undertake your own data collection and analysis in a scientifically rigorous fashion
• Answer your original question(s), based on your analysis findings

In short, the research process is simply about asking and answering questions in a systematic fashion . This probably sounds pretty obvious, but people often think they’ve done “research”, when in fact what they have done is:

• Started with a vague, poorly articulated question
• Not taken the time to see what research has already been done regarding the question
• Collected data and opinions that support their gut and undertaken a flimsy analysis
• Drawn a shaky conclusion, based on that analysis

If you want to see the perfect example of this in action, look out for the next Facebook post where someone claims they’ve done “research”… All too often, people consider reading a few blog posts to constitute research. Its no surprise then that what they end up with is an opinion piece, not research. Okay, okay – I’ll climb off my soapbox now.

The key takeaway here is that a dissertation (or thesis) is a formal piece of research, reflecting the research process. It’s not an opinion piece , nor a place to push your agenda or try to convince someone of your position. Writing a good dissertation involves asking a question and taking a systematic, rigorous approach to answering it.

If you understand this and are comfortable leaving your opinions or preconceived ideas at the door, you’re already off to a good start!

Step 2: Find a unique, valuable research topic

As we saw, the first step of the research process is to ask a specific, well-articulated question. In other words, you need to find a research topic that asks a specific question or set of questions (these are called research questions ). Sounds easy enough, right? All you’ve got to do is identify a question or two and you’ve got a winning research topic. Well, not quite…

A good dissertation or thesis topic has a few important attributes. Specifically, a solid research topic should be:

Let’s take a closer look at these:

Attribute #1: Clear

Your research topic needs to be crystal clear about what you’re planning to research, what you want to know, and within what context. There shouldn’t be any ambiguity or vagueness about what you’ll research.

Here’s an example of a clearly articulated research topic:

An analysis of consumer-based factors influencing organisational trust in British low-cost online equity brokerage firms.

As you can see in the example, its crystal clear what will be analysed (factors impacting organisational trust), amongst who (consumers) and in what context (British low-cost equity brokerage firms, based online).

Need a helping hand?

Attribute #2:   Unique

Your research should be asking a question(s) that hasn’t been asked before, or that hasn’t been asked in a specific context (for example, in a specific country or industry).

For example, sticking organisational trust topic above, it’s quite likely that organisational trust factors in the UK have been investigated before, but the context (online low-cost equity brokerages) could make this research unique. Therefore, the context makes this research original.

One caveat when using context as the basis for originality – you need to have a good reason to suspect that your findings in this context might be different from the existing research – otherwise, there’s no reason to warrant researching it.

Attribute #3: Important

Simply asking a unique or original question is not enough – the question needs to create value. In other words, successfully answering your research questions should provide some value to the field of research or the industry. You can’t research something just to satisfy your curiosity. It needs to make some form of contribution either to research or industry.

For example, researching the factors influencing consumer trust would create value by enabling businesses to tailor their operations and marketing to leverage factors that promote trust. In other words, it would have a clear benefit to industry.

So, how do you go about finding a unique and valuable research topic? We explain that in detail in this video post – How To Find A Research Topic . Yeah, we’ve got you covered 😊

Step 3: Write a convincing research proposal

Once you’ve pinned down a high-quality research topic, the next step is to convince your university to let you research it. No matter how awesome you think your topic is, it still needs to get the rubber stamp before you can move forward with your research. The research proposal is the tool you’ll use for this job.

So, what’s in a research proposal?

The main “job” of a research proposal is to convince your university, advisor or committee that your research topic is worthy of approval. But convince them of what? Well, this varies from university to university, but generally, they want to see that:

• You have a clearly articulated, unique and important topic (this might sound familiar…)
• You’ve done some initial reading of the existing literature relevant to your topic (i.e. a literature review)
• You have a provisional plan in terms of how you will collect data and analyse it (i.e. a methodology)

At the proposal stage, it’s (generally) not expected that you’ve extensively reviewed the existing literature , but you will need to show that you’ve done enough reading to identify a clear gap for original (unique) research. Similarly, they generally don’t expect that you have a rock-solid research methodology mapped out, but you should have an idea of whether you’ll be undertaking qualitative or quantitative analysis , and how you’ll collect your data (we’ll discuss this in more detail later).

Long story short – don’t stress about having every detail of your research meticulously thought out at the proposal stage – this will develop as you progress through your research. However, you do need to show that you’ve “done your homework” and that your research is worthy of approval .

So, how do you go about crafting a high-quality, convincing proposal? We cover that in detail in this video post – How To Write A Top-Class Research Proposal . We’ve also got a video walkthrough of two proposal examples here .

Step 4: Craft a strong introduction chapter

Once your proposal’s been approved, its time to get writing your actual dissertation or thesis! The good news is that if you put the time into crafting a high-quality proposal, you’ve already got a head start on your first three chapters – introduction, literature review and methodology – as you can use your proposal as the basis for these.

Handy sidenote – our free dissertation & thesis template is a great way to speed up your dissertation writing journey.

What’s the introduction chapter all about?

The purpose of the introduction chapter is to set the scene for your research (dare I say, to introduce it…) so that the reader understands what you’ll be researching and why it’s important. In other words, it covers the same ground as the research proposal in that it justifies your research topic.

What goes into the introduction chapter?

This can vary slightly between universities and degrees, but generally, the introduction chapter will include the following:

• A brief background to the study, explaining the overall area of research
• A problem statement , explaining what the problem is with the current state of research (in other words, where the knowledge gap exists)
• Your research questions – in other words, the specific questions your study will seek to answer (based on the knowledge gap)
• The significance of your study – in other words, why it’s important and how its findings will be useful in the world

As you can see, this all about explaining the “what” and the “why” of your research (as opposed to the “how”). So, your introduction chapter is basically the salesman of your study, “selling” your research to the first-time reader and (hopefully) getting them interested to read more.

How do I write the introduction chapter, you ask? We cover that in detail in this post .

Step 5: Undertake an in-depth literature review

As I mentioned earlier, you’ll need to do some initial review of the literature in Steps 2 and 3 to find your research gap and craft a convincing research proposal – but that’s just scratching the surface. Once you reach the literature review stage of your dissertation or thesis, you need to dig a lot deeper into the existing research and write up a comprehensive literature review chapter.

What’s the literature review all about?

There are two main stages in the literature review process:

Literature Review Step 1: Reading up

The first stage is for you to deep dive into the existing literature (journal articles, textbook chapters, industry reports, etc) to gain an in-depth understanding of the current state of research regarding your topic. While you don’t need to read every single article, you do need to ensure that you cover all literature that is related to your core research questions, and create a comprehensive catalogue of that literature , which you’ll use in the next step.

Reading and digesting all the relevant literature is a time consuming and intellectually demanding process. Many students underestimate just how much work goes into this step, so make sure that you allocate a good amount of time for this when planning out your research. Thankfully, there are ways to fast track the process – be sure to check out this article covering how to read journal articles quickly .

Literature Review Step 2: Writing up

Once you’ve worked through the literature and digested it all, you’ll need to write up your literature review chapter. Many students make the mistake of thinking that the literature review chapter is simply a summary of what other researchers have said. While this is partly true, a literature review is much more than just a summary. To pull off a good literature review chapter, you’ll need to achieve at least 3 things:

• You need to synthesise the existing research , not just summarise it. In other words, you need to show how different pieces of theory fit together, what’s agreed on by researchers, what’s not.
• You need to highlight a research gap that your research is going to fill. In other words, you’ve got to outline the problem so that your research topic can provide a solution.
• You need to use the existing research to inform your methodology and approach to your own research design. For example, you might use questions or Likert scales from previous studies in your your own survey design .

As you can see, a good literature review is more than just a summary of the published research. It’s the foundation on which your own research is built, so it deserves a lot of love and attention. Take the time to craft a comprehensive literature review with a suitable structure .

But, how do I actually write the literature review chapter, you ask? We cover that in detail in this video post .

Step 6: Carry out your own research

Once you’ve completed your literature review and have a sound understanding of the existing research, its time to develop your own research (finally!). You’ll design this research specifically so that you can find the answers to your unique research question.

There are two steps here – designing your research strategy and executing on it:

1 – Design your research strategy

The first step is to design your research strategy and craft a methodology chapter . I won’t get into the technicalities of the methodology chapter here, but in simple terms, this chapter is about explaining the “how” of your research. If you recall, the introduction and literature review chapters discussed the “what” and the “why”, so it makes sense that the next point to cover is the “how” –that’s what the methodology chapter is all about.

In this section, you’ll need to make firm decisions about your research design. This includes things like:

• Your research philosophy (e.g. positivism or interpretivism )
• Your overall methodology (e.g. qualitative , quantitative or mixed methods)
• Your data collection strategy (e.g. interviews , focus groups, surveys)
• Your data analysis strategy (e.g. content analysis , correlation analysis, regression)

If these words have got your head spinning, don’t worry! We’ll explain these in plain language in other posts. It’s not essential that you understand the intricacies of research design (yet!). The key takeaway here is that you’ll need to make decisions about how you’ll design your own research, and you’ll need to describe (and justify) your decisions in your methodology chapter.

2 – Execute: Collect and analyse your data

Once you’ve worked out your research design, you’ll put it into action and start collecting your data. This might mean undertaking interviews, hosting an online survey or any other data collection method. Data collection can take quite a bit of time (especially if you host in-person interviews), so be sure to factor sufficient time into your project plan for this. Oftentimes, things don’t go 100% to plan (for example, you don’t get as many survey responses as you hoped for), so bake a little extra time into your budget here.

Once you’ve collected your data, you’ll need to do some data preparation before you can sink your teeth into the analysis. For example:

• If you carry out interviews or focus groups, you’ll need to transcribe your audio data to text (i.e. a Word document).
• If you collect quantitative survey data, you’ll need to clean up your data and get it into the right format for whichever analysis software you use (for example, SPSS, R or STATA).

Once you’ve completed your data prep, you’ll undertake your analysis, using the techniques that you described in your methodology. Depending on what you find in your analysis, you might also do some additional forms of analysis that you hadn’t planned for. For example, you might see something in the data that raises new questions or that requires clarification with further analysis.

The type(s) of analysis that you’ll use depend entirely on the nature of your research and your research questions. For example:

• If your research if exploratory in nature, you’ll often use qualitative analysis techniques .
• If your research is confirmatory in nature, you’ll often use quantitative analysis techniques
• If your research involves a mix of both, you might use a mixed methods approach

Again, if these words have got your head spinning, don’t worry! We’ll explain these concepts and techniques in other posts. The key takeaway is simply that there’s no “one size fits all” for research design and methodology – it all depends on your topic, your research questions and your data. So, don’t be surprised if your study colleagues take a completely different approach to yours.

Step 7: Present your findings

Once you’ve completed your analysis, it’s time to present your findings (finally!). In a dissertation or thesis, you’ll typically present your findings in two chapters – the results chapter and the discussion chapter .

What’s the difference between the results chapter and the discussion chapter?

While these two chapters are similar, the results chapter generally just presents the processed data neatly and clearly without interpretation, while the discussion chapter explains the story the data are telling  – in other words, it provides your interpretation of the results.

For example, if you were researching the factors that influence consumer trust, you might have used a quantitative approach to identify the relationship between potential factors (e.g. perceived integrity and competence of the organisation) and consumer trust. In this case:

• Your results chapter would just present the results of the statistical tests. For example, correlation results or differences between groups. In other words, the processed numbers.
• Your discussion chapter would explain what the numbers mean in relation to your research question(s). For example, Factor 1 has a weak relationship with consumer trust, while Factor 2 has a strong relationship.

Depending on the university and degree, these two chapters (results and discussion) are sometimes merged into one , so be sure to check with your institution what their preference is. Regardless of the chapter structure, this section is about presenting the findings of your research in a clear, easy to understand fashion.

Importantly, your discussion here needs to link back to your research questions (which you outlined in the introduction or literature review chapter). In other words, it needs to answer the key questions you asked (or at least attempt to answer them).

For example, if we look at the sample research topic:

In this case, the discussion section would clearly outline which factors seem to have a noteworthy influence on organisational trust. By doing so, they are answering the overarching question and fulfilling the purpose of the research .

For more information about the results chapter , check out this post for qualitative studies and this post for quantitative studies .

Step 8: The Final Step Draw a conclusion and discuss the implications

Last but not least, you’ll need to wrap up your research with the conclusion chapter . In this chapter, you’ll bring your research full circle by highlighting the key findings of your study and explaining what the implications of these findings are.

What exactly are key findings? The key findings are those findings which directly relate to your original research questions and overall research objectives (which you discussed in your introduction chapter). The implications, on the other hand, explain what your findings mean for industry, or for research in your area.

Sticking with the consumer trust topic example, the conclusion might look something like this:

Key findings

This study set out to identify which factors influence consumer-based trust in British low-cost online equity brokerage firms. The results suggest that the following factors have a large impact on consumer trust:

While the following factors have a very limited impact on consumer trust:

Notably, within the 25-30 age groups, Factors E had a noticeably larger impact, which may be explained by…

Implications

The findings having noteworthy implications for British low-cost online equity brokers. Specifically:

The large impact of Factors X and Y implies that brokers need to consider….

The limited impact of Factor E implies that brokers need to…

As you can see, the conclusion chapter is basically explaining the “what” (what your study found) and the “so what?” (what the findings mean for the industry or research). This brings the study full circle and closes off the document.

Let’s recap – how to write a dissertation or thesis

You’re still with me? Impressive! I know that this post was a long one, but hopefully you’ve learnt a thing or two about how to write a dissertation or thesis, and are now better equipped to start your own research.

To recap, the 8 steps to writing a quality dissertation (or thesis) are as follows:

• Understand what a dissertation (or thesis) is – a research project that follows the research process.
• Find a unique (original) and important research topic
• Craft a convincing dissertation or thesis research proposal
• Write a clear, compelling introduction chapter
• Undertake a thorough review of the existing research and write up a literature review
• Undertake your own research
• Present and interpret your findings

Once you’ve wrapped up the core chapters, all that’s typically left is the abstract , reference list and appendices. As always, be sure to check with your university if they have any additional requirements in terms of structure or content.  

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

You Might Also Like:

20 Comments

thankfull >>>this is very useful

Thank you, it was really helpful

unquestionably, this amazing simplified way of teaching. Really , I couldn’t find in the literature words that fully explicit my great thanks to you. However, I could only say thanks a-lot.

Great to hear that – thanks for the feedback. Good luck writing your dissertation/thesis.

This is the most comprehensive explanation of how to write a dissertation. Many thanks for sharing it free of charge.

Very rich presentation. Thank you

Thanks Derek Jansen|GRADCOACH, I find it very useful guide to arrange my activities and proceed to research!

Thank you so much for such a marvelous teaching .I am so convinced that am going to write a comprehensive and a distinct masters dissertation

It is an amazing comprehensive explanation

This was straightforward. Thank you!

I can say that your explanations are simple and enlightening – understanding what you have done here is easy for me. Could you write more about the different types of research methods specific to the three methodologies: quan, qual and MM. I look forward to interacting with this website more in the future.

Thanks for the feedback and suggestions 🙂

Hello, your write ups is quite educative. However, l have challenges in going about my research questions which is below; *Building the enablers of organisational growth through effective governance and purposeful leadership.*

Very educating.

Just listening to the name of the dissertation makes the student nervous. As writing a top-quality dissertation is a difficult task as it is a lengthy topic, requires a lot of research and understanding and is usually around 10,000 to 15000 words. Sometimes due to studies, unbalanced workload or lack of research and writing skill students look for dissertation submission from professional writers.

Thank you 💕😊 very much. I was confused but your comprehensive explanation has cleared my doubts of ever presenting a good thesis. Thank you.

thank you so much, that was so useful

Hi. Where is the excel spread sheet ark?

could you please help me look at your thesis paper to enable me to do the portion that has to do with the specification

my topic is “the impact of domestic revenue mobilization.

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Print Friendly

UNT Theses and Dissertations

Theses and dissertations represent a wealth of scholarly and artistic content created by masters and doctoral students in the degree-seeking process. Some ETDs in this collection are restricted to use by the UNT community .

• Guided Search
• Advanced Search
• Proximity Search
• Searching Help
• Apply your Search Terms to:
• The Full Text of the Item
• Metadata (Catalog Record)

At a Glance

Latest additions rss feed.

Cite This Collection

Here is our suggested citation. Consult an appropriate style guide for conformance to specific guidelines.

UNT Theses and Dissertations in UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas Libraries. https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/UNTETD/ accessed May 9, 2024. Copy Citation

Explore Holdings

Start browsing through the holdings of this collection in one of the following ways:

Resource Types

Decades a-z count, countries (expand list) a-z count, states (expand list) a-z count, counties (expand list) a-z count.

University Libraries

Dissertations and theses, the difference between a thesis and dissertation in europe and the united states (video) and their research value, dissertations and theses - about this guide.

• Finding Dissertations and Theses Written at UNT
• Finding Dissertations and Theses Written at Other Universities
• Support for Your Thesis or Dissertation

Art, Dance & Theatre Librarian

Dissertations and theses are an often overlooked source of research. They are valuable because:

• They provide access to early ideas that may not yet be published in journals or books.
• They provide extensive bibliographies on narrow topics.
• T hey let you know if a similar work on the topic already exists, which is useful if you’re writing a dissertation or thesis. This gives you sources of authority to refer to and allows you to situate your work in a broader research agenda showing how your approach is different from related works.
• They serve as inspiration for how charts, graphs or tables might be used to communicate ideas in your dissertation or thesis.
• They can help you identify scholars working in your field that may collaborate with you in the future.

Digital Dissertation and Theses Research Guide This guide was created to connect researchers to databases and repositories of dissertations and theses, since these materials are not usually included in general databases. This guide will help you find dissertations and theses written at UNT and other universities, and supportive resources for graduate students who are writing a dissertation or thesis. * Librarian Robbie Sittel was the original creator and author of this guide.

• Next: Finding Dissertations and Theses Written at UNT >>
• Last Updated: Aug 24, 2023 1:28 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.unt.edu/dissertations-theses

Additional Links

UNT: Apply now UNT: Schedule a tour UNT: Get more info about the University of North Texas

UNT: Disclaimer | UNT: AA/EOE/ADA | UNT: Privacy | UNT: Electronic Accessibility | UNT: Required Links | UNT: UNT Home

Home > Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects > Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Tele-Mental Health For Rural Children With Cancer And Their Families , Heather Adame

Capital Trial Facets: Juror Perceptions Of Expert Testimony, Prior Record, And Mental Health , Madison Elizabeth Adrian

Investigation of Cyclic Gaseous Solvent Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Unconventional Formations , Samuel Asante Afari

RF Coverage Planning And Analysis With Adaptive Cell Sectorization In Millimeter Wave 5G Networks , Md Maruf Ahamed

Matlab-Based Simulation Of A Hybridized Tri-Generation Geothermal-Wind-Solar System In Bowman County, North Dakota , Moones Alamooti

Indigenous Long-Term Supports And Services – Elders, Traditional Knowledge, And Tree Rings , Cole Allick

Building Personal Friendships In A Multicultural Society , Fatemah Almadani

The Use Of Cyber Media In Hybrid Warfare: Narrative Stories From The Front Lines; Proposing A New Gatekeeping Theory , Hussain Almalki

Understanding NANOG's Role During Cell Differentiation , Oluwatobiloba Samuel Aminu

Changes In Crop Diversity And Associated Drivers In The Red River Of The North Valley , Zinat Ara

Towards Specifying And Evaluating The Trustworthiness Of An AI-Enabled System , Mark Arinaitwe

Dynamics Of Flood Flow In Red River Basin , Vida Atashi

Risk Assessment And Geographic Impact Of Virtual Power Purchase Agreements And Unbundled Renewable Energy Certificates On Greenhouse Gas Abatement , Keyshon L. Bachus

The Effect Of Metacognition On Medical Laboratory Science Students' Perceived Feelings Of Self-Efficacy , Rebecca Simone Bakke

The Interplay Between PARP-1 And Histone Modifications In Transcriptional Regulation During Development And Heat Shock Response , Gbolahan Gbenga Bamgbose

Dyslexia And The Need For General Education Teacher Training , Sheeresa S. Begay

Synthesis Of A Low-Cost And High-Performance Micro-Spherical Adsorbent For CO2 Capture: Performance Evaluation, Up-Scaling Assessment, Adsorption Kinetic, And Numerical Simulation , Abdelmalek Bellal

CCl2 Suppression In Lewis Lung Carcinoma Model Enhances Host Survival And Immune Response In The Tumor Microenvironment , Nivedita Biswas

Integrating Environmental Education Into Teacher Preparation Programs , Jenny Bladow

Predicting Ash Deposition In A Cyclone-Fired Coal Boiler Under Variable Load Conditions , Evan Bloom

Analysis, Development And Design For Early Fault Detection And Fire Safety In Lithium-Ion Battery Technology , Daniel Kelly Boakye Danquah

Applying Human Error Framework To Explore Prevention Strategies For Wrong Surface Events , William Bowers

Neuromodulatory Mechanisms Of Neuropeptides In The Amygdala , Cody Adam Boyle

Spectral Classification Of Eight Stars In Open Cluster NGC 457 , Anthony Braden

Stroke Survivors’ And Informal Caregivers’ Perceptions Of Depressive Symptoms After Stroke: A Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Study , Tanya Leigh Breckenridge-Trotter

A Case Study On Implementation And Teacher Perceptions Of A Systematic Multi-Tiered System Of Support (MTSS) Model Within A Suburban Midwestern School District , Christine Breen

Risk Factors Associated With Childhood Parental Violence Exposure: Child Abuse Potential And Other Adulthood Maladjustment Outcomes , Stephanie Joy Brezinski

A Multivariant Comparative Analysis Of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors And Their Role In Net Zero 2050 , Cynthia Bradley Bryant

A WRF-Chem Air Pollution Modeling Study Over The Northern Plains , Carlos Javier Bucaram

Need For Vertical Alignment In English Classes Between K-12 And Higher Education Institutions , Kelsey Buchholz

A conductor’s study and resource guide of four band and chamber wind compositions , Juana Caballero Casas

Nohwi Nadeesh Diyih: Honoring Indigenous Health Through Research, Evaluation, And Policy , Danya S. Carroll

Transforming Educational Landscapes: How Student Choice Influences Achievement, Engagement, And Instructional Objectives , Alissa Kaye Carter

Characterization Of Water Quality In Anzalduas Dam Reservoir Using Patterns Of Salinity , Maria G. Castillo

The Predictiveness Of Gendered Racism On The Well-Being Of Women Of Color , Mallika Chakrabarti

Cloud Computing For Real-Time Decision Making , Saurabh Ajit Chimote

Women Of Asian Descent’s Experiences Of Racism And Sexual Objectification: An Examination Of Racially Expanded Sexual Objectification Model , Hohyung Choi

Tribo-Mechanical Behavior Of Cold Rolled And Directed Energy Deposited NiTi Alloy For Space Applications , Hyunsuk Choi

United States Coast Guard Aviation Safety Climate Assessment Instrument , James Robert Cooley

Environmental Toxicity Of Isoxazoline Drugs On Non-Target Species , Haley M. Cooper

Self-Identification From The Professional And Social Perspectives Of Flight , Carly Lane Crockett

A Generalized Approach To Partitioning Weighted Points In A Plane , Jacob Denault

Religion-Justified Childhood Maltreatment And Adult Psychological Maladjustment , Hannah Doctor

Using Electroencephalographic (EEG) Measures Of Working Memory In The Context Of Binge Drinking: Analyzing Theta/Gamma Ratios , Michelle Jeanne Duffy

The Challenge Of Predicting College Success In Male And Female Saudi Arabian Students: An Examination Of Whether High School GPA, Qudrat, And Tahsili Are Effective Predictors , Omar J. Elmoussa

Mitigating Global Temperature Change Through Industrial Sector Improvements: A Case Study In Automotive Manufacturing , Alec Joseph Ernst

Synthesis And Characterization Of Soybean Feedstock-Based Composite Systems For Sustainable Material Application. , Temofeh Nathaniel Esenamunjor

3D Geologic Modeling Of Rare Earh Element Concentrations In Lignite Coal , Ian Kelly Feole

A Deep Review Of Sustainable Approaches For Hydrogen Production For Energy Generation , Patrick Bernard Ferron

Which U.S. Executive Agency Is The Most Practical To Promulgate Space Debris Mitigation Regulations, And How Will The Space Debris Legal Framework Further Develop? , Tate Garvin Few

Disordered Eating Differences Among Male And Female Sorority And Fraternity Members , Sky Gabel

Preparation, performance, and experience evaluation of "Symmetrical structures" by Giorgi Papiashvili , Ana Galdavadze

Mental Health And Youth Sports: The Importance Of Adding A Smartphone App To Improve Awareness, Education, And Resources For Youth Athletes , Kelli Gast

Perceived Quality Of Life In Oil Boomtowns: A Case Study Of Western North Dakota , Ian Nathaniel Geller

Self-Efficacy Of Applied Doctoral Students Scale: Initial Development And Validation , Kylie Anne George

Intracranial Mast Cell Activation And Central Histaminergic Dysregulation In Food Allergy-Associated Neuropathology And Behavioral Changes , Danielle Germundson-Hermanson

Understanding The Characteristics, Motivations, And Preferences Of Non-Profit Donors In Rural Areas , Emily Ruth Gibbens-Buteau

Parental Telemental Health Satisfaction During COVID-19 , Desiree Giesen

Acaricidal Activity Of The Orally Administered Isoxazoline Drugs (lotilaner, Fluralaner, And Afoxolaner) In White-Footed Mice Against Larval Ticks , Emily Marie Gisi

Occupational Therapy Student Perceptions Of Team-Based Learning And Flipped Classroom Learning Activities , Madeline Carriere Graff

Spacesuit Hard Upper Torso Assembly: Development Of Fit Metrics And Customized Design Frameworks , Will J. Green

An Investigation Into Impacts Of Microphysics Parameterization Schemes On Radiation Fog Within A Large Eddy Simulation Framework, To Small Unmanned Aircraft System Operations , Joseph Lafayette Gufford

Jackpot In The Skies: Overcoming Challenges Of How FAA Part 139 Airports And American Indian Tribes Can Cooperate In The Implementation Of Gaming , Noah Reese Gunter

A Measure Predicting Treatment Outcome For Sexual Offenders , Kaitlin Alyssa Guston

Waterbody Size Influences Chemical And Community Characteristics Of North Dakota Prairie Wetlands And Lakes , Julia Renee Hampton

The Effect Of A Prior Criminal Record On Juror Decision Making , Emily Haynes

Encouraging equal musical collaboration : a guide for collaborative pianists in facilitating effective rehearsals , Michelle Ann Henning

Examining Faculty Autonomous And Controlled Motivation For Learning Analytics , Michael James Herbert

Preparing Special Educators And Team Members To Support Students With Severe Behaviors In Schools , Tamara Ann Hoffer

Verification Of High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Surface Winds In Support Of An Open-Source Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Application , Brian Timothy Horan

Towards A New Model Of Romantic Attachment For Autistic Adults , Michael Preston Huttar

Unlocking The Potential Of Sustainable Low-Cobalt Cathodes For Lithium-Ion Battery Applications , Temitayo Ojuetimi Ikuerowo

Application Of Blockchain Technology And Integration Of Differential Privacy: Issues In E-Health Domains , David Isie

The Effect Of Sterol Carrier Protein 2 Gene Ablation And Dietary Cholesterol On Brain And Liver Lipid Composition In Male And Female Mice , Madison Jochim

The Effects Of Covid-19 On School Attendance: Examining Explanations For Chronically Absent Students , Samantha Kaloustian

Soil Bacteria Composition In Conservation Reserve Program Grasslands Of The Great Plains , Lydia M. Kantonen

Two Techniques For Improving Renewable Energy Performance: Fast Charging Of Li-Ion Batteries And Electrostatic Filtration Of Wind Turbine Gear Box Oil , Shabaz Khan

Investigating Parents’ Perceptions Of Kumon , Shafiqul Islam Khan

Exploring The Malleability Of The Zero-Sum Perspective Of Gender Status , Abigail Marie Kroke

A Data Driven Approach To Optimize Re-Fracturing Operations In The Williston Basin , Joshua Kroschel

Meteorological Drivers Of Blowing Snow Events At Arm North Slope Alaska Site , Talia Dawn Kurtz

Continuous Decomposition Of Corn Stover-Derived Lignin To Valuable Products And Vanillin , Wyatt Larson

How Abortion Status Predicts Stigmatizing Beliefs: Measuring Enacted Stigma Using The Stereotype Content Model , Jenna Nichole Laurin

Community College Faculty Perceptions Of Open Educational Resources , Heather Ann Leavitt

“Blue” Hydrogen & Helium From Flare Gas Of The Bakken Formation Of The Williston Basin, North Dakota: A Novel Process , Martin R. Leipzig

Core Values In Higher Education: Students, Faculty, Staff, And Administrator Alignment At A Midwestern Research University , Rodney Deshan Lewis

Computational Framework For Neuro-Optics Simulation And Deep Learning Denoising , Cecilia Ling

Relationships Matter: A Narrative Analysis Of Agenda Setting And Policy Perspectives That Influence Higher Education In North Dakota (1990-2020) , Billie Jo Lorius

Valuation Of Potential Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Projects Based On Known Economic And Service Criteria , Seth Lykins

Empowering Educators: Enhancing Teacher Efficacy In Rural Schools Through Innovative Professional Development For Teachers Of English Language Learners , Jody Lynn Maanum

Enhancing Resin Composite Using Nanoparticle Embedded Jute Fiber And Exploring Plant Polymer For Biomedical Applications , Md Sultan Mahmud

Examining The Unique Experiences Of Underrepresented Minority STEM Faculty: How Discrimination, Microaggression, And Allyship Relate To Sense Of Relatedness, Motivation, And Perceived Success , Mojdeh J. Mardani

Diversity, Phylogenetics And Life Cycles Of Diplostomoidean (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) Of The Upper Midwest , Jakson Martens

The Impact Of The Authority Gradient Created By Rank Imbalance On The Role Effectiveness Of U.S. Coast Guard Safety Officers , James Bernard Mccormack

Educator Perceptions On Equity And Inclusion In The Classroom , Brittany N. Melfi

Building A Better Teacher Evaluation System , Amanda Melsby

Self-Regulation And Goal Orientation In Physician Assistant And Medical Students , Jay Ryan Metzger

Graduates’ Perceptions Of Horizontal Mismatch: A Case Study Of A Marketing Program At A Regional Research University , Michael William Mills

Intergenerational Continuity Of Sexual Violence Victimization: A Socio-Ecological Examination Of Risk , Angela Hunter Minnich

Carbon Capture Storage Implemented On Flexible Power Plants And Their Grid Impacts , Michael Kenneth Misch

Page 1 of 59

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Collections
• Disciplines

Author Corner

• Author Submission Agreement
• About the Library

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

• Visit the University of Nebraska–Lincoln
• Apply to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln
• Give to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Search Form

Preparing a thesis or dissertation.

• Degrees and Majors
• Printing and Binding

A consistent appearance is important; all pages in your dissertation should follow a similar format for page numbering, margins, and line spacing.

On this page you'll find sample pages, global formatting , and specific instructions for each section: front matter , body matter , and back matter .

Sample Pages

The following examples illustrate layout and formatting of title, abstract, and body pages.

Doctoral Dissertation Sample Pages Master's Thesis Sample Pages

• Where a title of Professor is shown, that is how the advisor’s title should be included. Where no title or degree appears in the examples, no title or degree should be used.
• The spacing shown between lines on the sample page is preferred for ease of reading. As much as possible, follow the spacing horizontally and vertically.

Signature Page

To prevent the release of digital signatures, do not include a scanned copy of the signature page in your submitted manuscript. It is only for your personal or departmental use.

Global Page Settings

• Page numbers appear in page headers. Consult the help files for your software on how to set up "Page Headers."
• Front matter:  Number the pages with small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.) at the upper right of the page. However, the page number for the Title Page (i) and the pages of the Abstract (ii...) should not appear on the page(s). See other front matter sections below.
• Body and back matter: Number all pages with arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) in the upper right.
• The page number should be no less than one (1) inch down from the top of the page and one (1) inch from the right side.
• For landscape-oriented tables, the bottom of the table should be on the outside (right) edge of the page. The page number must still be in the upper right corner of the page and face the same way as the other page numbers.
• Size: Use a 12-point font size for normal body text, but make certain your font size is no less than 10 point.
• Typeface: Times-Roman fonts are preferred but a block-style font is acceptable. Embedded fonts are required.
• Style: Don’t use italics, script, or ornamental fonts for the body text. You may use italics for non-English words and quotations.

Front Matter

The front matter section of the dissertation includes everything from your title page through the list of multimedia objects. These components are listed below in the order they must appear in your dissertation.

• Title Page The following are required elements of the title page. Title This is the full title of your dissertation. Author You alone are the author of your dissertation. School The official name of your University is "University of Nebraska". Don’t add “–Lincoln” after it. Degree Like "Doctor of Philosophy" or "Master of Arts". See list of majors and degrees for official name. Major See list of majors and degrees for official name, or consult Graduate Studies if you are uncertain about the name of your major. Doctoral students who have an official specialization may list it also. Advisor/Chair name(s) The name(s) of the faculty member(s) who supervised your program and this thesis or dissertation. Their title for this page is Professor--no “Dr.” and no rank (Associate, Assistant, etc.). If you have co-advisors, use "Professors" instead of repeating "Professor" for each. City, State This should always read "Lincoln, Nebraska". Don’t abbreviate Nebraska. Date of defense or graduation date Put the date you defended or the date of your graduation (e.g., "October, 1996.") Be sure to put the comma between the month and the date. No specific day is required.
• Abstract Each thesis or dissertation must be accompanied by an abstract that has been approved by the student's committee. Abstracts will be part of the bibliographic record in the library's online catalog. Abstracts must be double-spaced and limited to 350 words in the text. The abstract is placed immediately after the title page and its pages are not numbered. Additionally, abstracts for dissertations will be published in Dissertation Abstracts.
• Copyright Notice (optional) In any work, copyright implicitly devolves to the author of that work. One may make this statement of ownership explicit, however, by including a copyright notice, such as "Copyright 1998, John J. Smith." Additionally, you may pay to register your copyright with the U.S. Copyright Office through UMI.
• Dedication (optional) You may include a dedication.
• Author's Acknowledgments (optional) You may acknowledge those that assisted you in your work here.
• Grant Information (optional) You may acknowledge any granting institution or organization here.
• Table Of Contents Include the chapter and section numbers and title along with the page on which each chapter or section begins.
• Lists Of Multimedia Objects For each multimedia type (table, graph, diagram, equation, etc.) list the number and title of the object and the page on which it occurs.

Body Matter

• Lengthy footnotes are probably better formatted as end notes.
• Footnotes in the main body of the text should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals, starting with 1.
• Footnotes should be single-spaced and placed at the bottom of the page to which they apply unless special instructions are given by your department.
• Put the object at the point of reference or "float" it to the top or bottom of the page, or to the top of the next page.
• Center the object between the left and right margins of the page.
• Directly below the object for figures and above for tables, center the type and number according to its position in the chapter (e.g., in Chapter 5 we may have Table 5.1, Table 5.2, and Figures 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3).
• Give the object a concise, descriptive title.
• Place the type and number of the object along with its concise, descriptive title, centered on a line by itself. In parentheses, include the media encoding (e.g., JPEG) and file size (e.g., 1.5 megabytes).
• Connect each object title to a separate file containing the object. Many complex multimedia object types have a simple object version (often called "thumbnail") that is a reduction of the picture or one frame of video. If possible, include this reduction in the main document along with a PDF link to the complex object. Submit the object file(s) along with your dissertation.

Back Matter

The back matter contains the references (bibliography) and appendices.

• Content: You may include the source code or output of computer programs as an enumerated appendix. Place figure references with PDF links to multimedia objects here also.
• Format: As on the first page of each chapter, place the word "APPENDIX," the appendix letter or letters, and the appendix title in upper case at the beginning of each appendix. Appendices are enumerated alphabetically from A to Z, then AA, AB, and so on to ZZ, then AAA, AAB, etc.
• Printer-friendly version

Digital Scholarship@UNLV

• Submit Research

Home > Theses and Dissertations

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

A thesis, dissertation, or professional paper is an important contribution to scholarship and society. Sharing these contributions supports UNLV’s mission and Top Tier efforts to create an environment in which “students produce high quality, widely disseminated, and influential research, scholarship, and creative activities.”

The most effective way to share scholarship is through UNLV’s Institutional Repository, Digital Scholarship@UNLV. Digital Scholarship@UNLV is an open access repository that allows visitors from anywhere in the world to discover and download UNLV-produced scholarship without barriers. There are other benefits for students and the university to have theses, dissertations, and professional papers in Digital Scholarship@UNLV:

• • Allows graduate students to easily share the knowledge with and improve the world. Students who enter the academic job market or continue their studies elsewhere can utilize permanent links to scholarship in their CVs or online portfolio to conveniently share their work with others.
• • Digital Scholarship@UNLV is committed to a high-level of preservation of theses, dissertations, and professional papers, ensuring that these contributions to scholarship will exist for future generations.
• • Readership reports and impact metrics are available for authors, allowing authors to know in real time how often their work was downloaded, cited, or tweeted.
• • For departments and colleges, having their graduate theses, dissertations, and professional papers available online can help recruit future scholars to their program.

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Voices From the Desks: Reconceptualizing the Mentoring of Beginning Teachers , Matthew R. Albert

Analyzing Equity Within the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Physical Therapy Program Admissions Process , Rebecca Altman, Savanna Cathey, and Michelle DeDmon

The Effects of Exercise Training on Gait in Adults with Down Syndrome , Anna Lois Aquino, Sandra Daugherty, and Alex Palko

Dea2uth: A Decentralized Authentication and Authorization Scheme for Secure Private Data Transfer , Phillipe Austria

The Feasibility of a Large-Amplitude Aquatic-Based Exercise Occupational Therapy Program for Individuals with Early Parkinson’s Disease , Brigitte Baker

Non-Destructive Means of Predicting Masonry Prism Strength Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) , Connor J. Barlow

The Transaction Costs of Federal Environmental Policy Changes: The Effects of the Temporary COVID-19 CWA Rollback on Local Water Systems , Jesse Lee Barnes

Finish This Over Drinks? A Study of Sexual Harassment Perceptions , Hannah E. Barti

The Role of a WRKY Transcription Factor in Mediating Hormone Response During Rice Seed Germination , Santiago Bataller

Driving and Community Mobility: An Online Educational Program for Generalist Occupational Therapy Practitioners , Gerard Blanco

Relationships Between Healthcare Technology Experience, Acceptance, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy and Readiness in Pre-Licensure Nursing Students , Emily Lynne Boyce

The Impact of Local Broadband Access on High School Graduation Rates , Eugen Brazdil

Ga(y)zing Backward: Queer Desire in Ovid, Shakespeare, and Scaimma , Falynn Blayre Brickler

Four Junes , Sara Brown

Promoting Early Detection in Primary Care: Program Evaluation of The Dementia Care Aware Program in Orange County , Ennah Cabading

Health Literacy and the Feasibility of Using Video-Based Education in the Emergency Department , Jenifer Carvell

An Immersive Virtual Reality Treatment Learning Module for UNLV Occupational Therapy Students , Paolo Castro

Developing a Growth Mindset Among Undergraduate College Students , Monica Ceja Rodriguez

Trajectory Analysis for Driving Safety Quantification , Michael I. Chang

Illness Under the Microscope: Disease in Colonial Discourse, a Disruptive Study , Sujata Chattopadhyay

Acquired Brain Injury: A Vision Screening Protocol for Occupational Therapists , Sebastian Cheung

Studies of Forward Projection Algorithms and Implementation on PC and FPGA , Minsung Cho

Lumbopelvic Biomechanics and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation: Implications for Lower Back Pain , Jason Ciccotelli

Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in an Emerging Justice-Based Setting: HOPE for Prisoners , Noah Claypool

Oxygen Consumption in Highly Skilled Baseball Pitchers , Jesse Clingman

The Lived Experience of the DNP-to-PhD Nursing Graduate: Examining the Journey , Bonni S. Cohen

The Response of Atomic-to-Molecular Hydrogen Transition Points in Photodissociation Regions Due to a Hard X-Ray Spectrum , Gregory Joseph Colarch

Where Will I Sleep Tonight? A Qualitative Case Study of Homeless and Displaced College Students , Andria Lynn Coleman

Stepping On - Virtual Fall Prevention for Older Adults , Sean Conners, Tyler Greener, and Kaitlyn Johnson

Addressing Vision Impairments Following Neurological Injuries: A Vision Protocol for Occupational Therapists , Dyrin Cordero

Biochemical Characterization of Fsa1572 from Fervidibacter Sacchari, the First Hyperthermophilic GH50 with Β-1, 4-Glucanase Activity , Jonathan Covington

Long-Range Regulation by the Shigella Virulence Gene Regulator, VirB , Cody Cris

The Efficacy of an Educational Toolkit to Enhance Knowledge of Pediatric Reflux Management among Occupational Therapists , Kelly Cullerton

Negotiating a World in Upheaval: Resiliency of Indigenous Systems of Warfare among Yuman Groups , Joseph B. Curran

On Outflows Due to Radiation , Randall Cody Dannen

Outside, Looking In: A Dissertation on Mindful Walking and How Green Exercise Affects State Mindfulness and Connectedness to Nature , Dustin Wyatt Davis

MENA Terrorism and the West: Explaining Why Terrorist Groups from the Middle East and North Africa Target Western Democracies , Michael A. Defeo

The Influence of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Fatigue Resistance , Kayla De Guzman

Ergonomic Education for Entry-Level Administrative Staff , Mitzi De La Cruz-Garcia

The Impact of Childhood Experiences on Involvement and Confidence in Social Institutions , Jordan Sydney Donohue

Feasibility of the Every Moment Counts Initiative at a Southern Nevada Elementary School , Amber Lee Eddy

Evaluating Risk-Appropriate Perinatal Care in Nevada , Janice Enriquez

Information-Theoretic Model Diagnostics (InfoMoD) , Armin Esmaeilzadeh

The Impact of Attachment and Optimism on Delinquency , Kaylee Dawn Faria

Developmental Differences in School Climate Predictors of Chronic School Absenteeism , Michael Fensken

An Educational Sleep Hygiene Module for UNLV Students to Promote Occupational Performance , Therese Fernandez

Promoting the Benefits of An Occupational Therapy Health and Wellness Coaching Program for Adults Living with Chronic Illnesses and Their Self-Management , Natasha Findley

Digitods, Statistical Machine Learning Algorithms, and Internet Cognition: Sociocultural Learning through Familial Modeling and Mediated Exchanges , Sina Foley

Black Girl Magic: History, Identity, and Spirituality in Contemporary Fantasy and Science-Fiction , Taylore Fox

Desert Spring Prokaryotes and Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Geological and Ecological Controls , Ariel D. Friel

Utilizing an Interdisciplinary Approach: Education of Early Progressive Mobility Protocol in the ICU/Acute Setting , Mary Ashley Galan-Gornal

Effects of Postural Load Perturbations on the Stroke-impaired Spinal Circuitry , Jose Galvez, Linh Thi My Nguyen, and Brandon Yee

High-Yield Bioinspired Atmospheric Water Capture Through Hydrogels , Yiwei Gao

Trust in Southern Nevada Health District by the Southern Nevada Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic , Edom Gelaw

Increasing Self-Perceived Competence in Performing Independent Living Skills among Unhoused Youth and Young Adults , Stacie M. Gomez

Inequities in the Student Conduct Process: An Analysis of a State System of Higher Education , Lucas J. Graff

Exploration of H2O Ice at Extreme Conditions , Zachary M. Grande

An Examination of the Association of Religiosity, Purity Culture, and Religious Trauma with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety , Kaelyn R. Griffin

Development of a Multifactorial Virtual Fall Prevention Tool for Community Dwelling Older Women , Eduardo Gutierrez, Jacob James Nogra, Carol Sparks, and Bradley Voels

Investigating Haloacetonitrile (Han) Formation Potential from Nitrogenous Antibiotics and Agrochemicals , Kazi Shafayet Haider

OCR Post-processing Using Large Language Models , Mahdi Hajiali

Nonpharmacological Pain Management of Adult Patients in the Burn Unit: An Interdisciplinary Toolkit Through the Occupational Therapy Lens , Taylor Harrison-Merrill

Effects of Cations and Dipicolinic Acid on B. anthracis Spore Physiology and Cytotoxicity , Chandler P. Hassan

Maternal Health in the Context of Social, Political, and Economic Change Among Hadzabe Foragers of Tanzania , Kristen Herlosky

The Closing of One Black Box, The Opening of Another: A Self-Study of How an Instructional Coach Makes Decisions , Andromeda L. Hightower

Genre and Gender: A Rhetoric of Irony in Nineteenth-Century American Women's Writing , Nanette Rasband Hilton

Response of the Isothermal Mode Grüneisen Tensor Across Phase Boundaries , Jasmine K. Hinton

Increasing Foster Parent Awareness of An Occupation-Based Approach to Child Well-Being , Taylar Hirte

NEW-R Intervention for Clients with Severe Mental Illness and Obesity: Grant Writing for Implementation Funds Supporting Occupational Therapy Interventions , Kaitlyn Hoffman

Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Satisfaction of a Swaddle Bathing Educational Guide Among Parents/Guardians of NICU Premature Infants , Makenzie Leigh Hogbin

Coercive Sexuality: The Effect of Early Victimization on One’s Views and Attitudes Toward Sex , Kevin Elias Hoover

Cell-Specific Mechanisms of Microrna Modulation of Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in Oral Cancer , Daniel Hou

Spectroscopic Studies On Silicon and Chalcopyrite Materials for Solar Energy Applications , Amandee Hua

Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance Associated with Differential miRNA Expression of miR-375 and miR-27 among Oral Cancer Cell Lines , Kieran Huni

Flying the Unfriendly Skies: How Flight Crew Members Perceived and Communicatively Constructed the Emotional Labor of their Positions throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic , William B.l. Ingelson

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Analysis of Closely Spaced Foundations Resting on Clay Soil Supported with a Geocell Mattress Embedded in a Fly Ash Layer , Yahia Iskander

Metastability and Degradation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells , Mohsen Jahandardoost

Individual Differences in Police Officers’ Decision Styles in Order Maintenance Policing , Damarrah Elisheba Jameson

Applying Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis to Assess Air Pollution with Spanish Moss as a Bioindicator in the Low Country of the Savannah River Basin , Christina Jiang

#Rudecustomers: The effects of social media posts about customer mistreatment on viewers’ moral emotions and reactions , Wen Jiang

A Light Gradient Boosting Machine-enabled Model to Predict Radiation-induced Toxicities in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy , Zirui Jiang

Solving Boundary Value and Initial Boundary Value Problems of Partial Differential Equations Using Meshless Methods , Adam Johnson

How Animals Affect Us: Examining the Relationship between Human-Animal Interactions and Human Well-Being , Elizabeth A. Johnson

Joint Constraints on Kepler-36 from Kepler and New KECK-HIRES Data , Nicholas Juliano

Effectiveness of a Workshop for Improving Awareness and Identification of Racial Microaggressions Among Occupational Therapy Faculty and Students , Hannah Kalegzabher

Time-Dependent Wetting Behavior of Hydrogels , Amir Kashani

A Qualitative Descriptive Case Study of Teaching Multicultural Education in A High School Civics and Economics Class , Averill Duane Kelley

Feminine Aesthetics of Embodied Cognition: Virginia Woolf, Djuna Barnes, and Audre Lorde , Jenessa L.w. Kenway

Assistance Dog Considerations: A Lecture for Occupational Therapy Students , Kayla Kinney

Anatomy Academy Service-Learning Project: Attacking the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity , Kelsey Kjer, Rosedaveia Howell, Brennan Kitchen, and Francesca Schutte

A Cultural History of Anti-Feminism in Marvel's Scarlet Witch , Madison M. Kooba

Effects of a 12-week Remote Exercise Program on Balance in Adults with Down Syndrome , Kayla Kotake, Sherwin Cadiao, Nicole Kaes, and Jayston Prudencio

The Psychometric Properties of The Modified Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire in Parkinson’s Disease and Older Adults , Billy La, Arturo Aldaco, and Ashley Haller

The Development of a Pilot Program Related to the Application of High-Intensity in Occupational Therapy , Philip Lamoreaux

An Exploration of Popular Tenor Audition Arias and a Guide to Selecting Opera Audition Repertoire , Tung Kei Lam

Creating a Web Resource on Sense of Belonging for Underrepresented Occupational Therapy Students in Graduate Programs , Owen Uyiosa Lawani

Study of Trace Elements in Southern Nevada Spring Waters and Lakes , Hyejeong Lee

Differential Effects of Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins Fibronectin and Laminin-5 on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Phenotypes and Responsiveness , Hyungbin Lee

A Slow Act of Vision , Alice Letowt

Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation Potential of BMP-2 and BMP-4 , David Li

Page 1 of 47

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Collections
• Disciplines

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement | Terms of Use

Privacy Copyright

All items in Digital Scholarship@UNLV are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.

RSC Advances

A review on mofs synthesis and effect of their structural characteristics for hydrogen adsorption.

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B X680, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail: [email protected]

b Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Private Bag 0004, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

c Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Private Bag 0004, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Climate change is causing a rise in the need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable and clean energy such as hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. The issue with hydrogen's practical storage, however, prevents it from being widely used as an energy source. Current solutions, such as liquefied and compressed hydrogen storage, are insufficient to meet the U.S. Department of Energy's (US DOE) extensive on-board application requirements. Thus, a backup strategy involving material-based storage is required. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to the category of crystalline porous materials that have seen rapid interest in the field of energy storage due to their large surface area, high pore volume, and modifiable structure. Therefore, advanced technologies employed in the construction of MOFs, such as solvothermal, mechanochemical, microwave assisted, and sonochemical methods are reviewed. Finally, this review discussed the selected factors and structural characteristics of MOFs, which affect the hydrogen capacity.

• This article is part of the themed collection: 2024 Reviews in RSC Advances

Article information

Download Citation

Permissions.

J. Letwaba, U. O. Uyor, M. L. Mavhungu, N. O. Achuka and P. A. Popoola, RSC Adv. , 2024,  14 , 14233 DOI: 10.1039/D4RA00865K

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence . You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication , please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content .

Social activity

Search articles by author, advertisements.

Thesis and Dissertation Guide

• « Thesis & Dissertation Resources
• The Graduate School Home

Introduction

• Copyright Page
• Dedication, Acknowledgements, Preface (optional)
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Symbols
• Non-Traditional Formats
• Font Type and Size
• Spacing and Indentation
• Tables, Figures, and Illustrations
• Formatting Previously Published Work
• Internet Distribution
• Open Access
• Registering Copyright
• Using Copyrighted Materials
• Use of Your Own Previously Published Materials
• Submission Steps
• Submission Checklist
• Sample Pages

Please read this Thesis and Dissertation Guide (Guide) carefully before preparing your thesis or dissertation. Staff members in the Admissions and Enrolled Students area of The Graduate School are available to assist you in preparing and submitting your thesis or dissertation. You are encouraged to visit the Admissions and Enrolled Students Contacts website and contact Graduate School staff if you have questions about these guidelines.

This Guide is not meant to be an exhaustive manual. For specific questions of style, consult the most recent edition of the style manual used in your disciplinary field (e.g., Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations ; The MLA Style Manual ; or the American Psychological Association (APA) Style Manual ). When using a style manual, follow the specifications for published documents, but do not include typesetting notations often used when submitting manuscripts to a publisher. For assistance with style manuals, consult the following library resource site , or visit a campus library or the Writing Center .

Pay careful attention to spelling, punctuation, and grammar in your thesis or dissertation, as your work will be available for others to access online. The Graduate School will not review your thesis or dissertation for proofreading and editing purposes. The Graduate School will check your thesis or dissertation for proper formatting only.

Please note that the work in your thesis or dissertation must be your own. Consult the Honor Code or the Graduate School Handbook if you have questions about plagiarism. See Section IV of this Guide for information on Copyright.

If there is a discrepancy in formatting between a style manual and this Guide, the regulations set forth in this Guide take precedence. Please do not use another thesis or dissertation as a model for your work since a particular style or example in a previous year may not meet current guidelines. Also, certain commonly used software packages may require format modifications in order to comply with current guidelines. It is your responsibility to ensure that your thesis or dissertation is formatted correctly before you submit it to The Graduate School.

Next: Order and Components

Home > Student Works > Theses and Dissertations > All Theses And Dissertations

All Theses And Dissertations

Theses and dissertations completed by undergraduate and graduate students at the University of New England.*

*This is not the complete collection of UNE theses and dissertations, as deposit is not universally required and, prior to 2015, theses were added to the UNE Libraries’ physical collection and may be available for viewing only within the Ketchum Library.

Dissertations from 2024 2024

Sharing Stories Of Development: How School Leaders Perceive Developing A Trauma-Informed School , Mandy L. Cyr

An Exploration Of Educator Experiences Making Data-Driven Decisions Within A Multi-Tiered System Of Support , Jennifer L. D'Angelo

The Experience Of Knowledge Workers In Remote Environments During The COVID-19 Pandemic , Dale F. Knapp

Perceived Influence Of Career And Technical Student Organizations On Postsecondary Choices , Deborah K. Marshall

Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Purpose Of Traditional Grading And The Influence Of Established School Or District Grading Cultures, Guidelines, And Policies In Connecticut Public Middle Schools , Matthew D. Prukalski

Medical School Middle Managers Learning To Successfully Work With Leadership To Navigate Organizational Change , Elizabeth G. Smith

The Perceptions Of Secondary Education Guidance Counselors Regarding The Scholastic Aptitude Test And Its Relationship To College Admissions For Low Socioeconomic Students , Lamont M. Vines

A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Of Inner Speech Used As A Self-Help Tool Among Adult Remote Workers , Jennie Yeung Dr. and Jennie Yeung Dr.

Public Elementary Teachers' Experiences With Explosive Student Outbursts: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study , Sarah G. Young

Dissertations from 2023 2023

A Narrative Inquiry On Public Middle School Teachers Experiences With Demoralization , Jessica E. Alfieri

The Perceptions Of Elementary Educators Regarding Mathematical Discourse Utilization In The Classroom: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study , Christina Anderson

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Public K-12 General Education Teachers With Research-Based Frameworks And Strategies For Students With An Emotional Disability , Denise Arnauckas

Where Do I Belong?: Gender And/Or Sexual Minority Students And Leaders In International Schools , Douglas J. Beam

Math Teachers Who Don’t Like Math: A Phenomenological Study Of Elementary Teachers Who Dislike Mathematics Viewed Through The Lens Of Mathematics Teacher Identity In The Context Of Mathematics Education Reform , Melinda J. Bixby

Teacher Perceptions Of The Impact Of Administrators On The Social And Emotional Health Of Teachers And School Climate: A Qualitative Case Study , Allison Breen

Dietary Effects On Cardiac Lipid Composition And Subsequent Phenotype In The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) , Melissa Colette Butler

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Dental Hygiene Faculty Using Simulation With Dental Manikin Head Devices To Teach Local Anesthesia , Allison Castro

The Role Of School Leadership In Preparing High School Teachers To Engage In Restorative Practices , Margaret Chmura

Perceptions of Elementary School Principals Regarding Strategies to Build Trust Among Staff to Support Positive Change , Laurel Cole

Perceptions Of Organizational Learning Culture In The Aerospace Industry , Derek J. Collins

A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experience Of Secondary World Language Teachers Who Use Proficiency-Based Rubrics For Assessment , James Donovan

Burnout And Job Satisfaction Of Behavior Technicians Working In Public Schools: A Quantitative Correlational Study , Sara B. Dougherty

Exploring The Experiences Of Adjunct Clinical Dental Hygiene Faculty With Peer Mentorship As They Transition From Clinician To Educator , Rosalie Forrester

Exploring Public School K-12 Educators’ Experiences With The Special Education Eligibility Process For African American/Black And Hispanic/Latino Students In Rural Communities , Debra R. Gately

Urban Elementary Teachers’ Experiences In Maine Managing The Paradoxical Tension To Both Deliver Grade-Level Instruction And Customize Support: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study , Laura Graves

Page 1 of 20

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Collections
• Disciplines

Contributors

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

•   UoN Digital Repository Home

Theses and Dissertations

By Issue Date Authors Titles Subjects

Search within this community and its collections:

Sub-communities within this community

Faculty of arts & social sciences (foa&ss / fol / fbm) [2866], collections in this community, faculty of agriculture & veterinary medicine (fag / fvm) [2977], faculty of arts & social sciences, law, business mgt (foa&ss / fol / fbm) [24448], faculty of education (fed) [5968], faculty of engineering, built environment & design (feng / fbd) [1473], faculty of health sciences (fhs) [4092], faculty of science & technology (fst) [4048], recent submissions, funding sources, competitiveness, firm size and performance of commercial banks in kenya , risk factors and molecular epidemiology of foot and mouth disease virus and other animal pathogens infecting african buffaloes, cattle and goats in eastern rwanda. , an assessment of newspaper coverage of the 2022 presidential election , impact of working remotely on cooperation between interpreters working in the same booth: a study of the zoom platform , institutional management practices, personal motivation and learner participation in distance learning programmes: the case of selected distance learning centers of the university of rwanda , the effect of turnaround strategy on the performance of kenya power lighting company plc , data protection and experience of stakeholders at the university of nairobi , effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance of teaching staff at the university of nairobi , teacher preparedness for inclusion and support of children with specific learning disabilities (sld) in public schools: a study of mutituni zone in machakos county , effects of internal factors on the financial performance of licensed deposit-taking microfinance institutions in kenya , effect of financial technology on financial inclusion in kenya , strategic agility for post covid-19 resilience at east african breweries limited , leadership strategies and performance of insurance companies in kenya , effect of mobile banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in kenya , corporate social responsibility and brand identity of kenyan corporate firms: case study of communication authority of kenya (ca) , invariant and hyper-invariant subspaces of some classes of operators in hilbert spaces , perceived factors influencing adoption of modern cooking technologies in public secondary schools in nairobi county of kenya , organizational factors and sustainability of women empowerment in peace-building projects in kamukunji sub-county, nairobi county, kenya , effect of joint venture financing on the level of operational risk among affordable housing developers in kenya , change management practices and corporate sustainability in the eco-hotel industry, kenya .

• myState on Mississippi State University
• Directory on Mississippi State University
• Calendars on Mississippi State University
• A-Z Index on Mississippi State University
• Maps on Mississippi State University
• News on Mississippi State University
• Contact on Mississippi State University

Online Thesis and Dissertation Formatting Workshop: Regular Session

June 3, 2024 6:00 pm to 7:30 pm, about this event.

This online workshop covers the submission process for format review and demonstrates how to use the automated templates to format MSU theses and dissertations to the requirements set forth in the Standards for Preparing Theses and Dissertations: 8th edition. These templates were designed to help an author organize and format their document with minimal effort so that their focus can be on the content of their document. Those who have already started writing or have already defended are welcome to bring their current documents (either on flash drive or email attachment) to start the process of placing their content into the template.

• Find Mississippi State University on Facebook
• Find Mississippi State University on Instagram
• Find Mississippi State University on LinkedIn
• Find Mississippi State University on Pinterest
• Find Mississippi State University on Twitter
• Find Mississippi State University on YouTube

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

David Brooks

Why the Protests Help Trump

By David Brooks

Opinion Columnist

These days, I think a lot about Donald Trump. When the monthly economic reports come out, I think: Will this help elect Donald Trump? And, I confess, I’ve started to ask myself the same question when I look at the current unrest on American college campuses over Israel and Gaza.

Now, I should say that I assume that most of the protesters are operating with the best of intentions — to ease the suffering being endured by the Palestinian people.

But protests have unexpected political consequences. In the 1960s, for example, millions of young people were moved to protest the war in Vietnam, and history has vindicated their position. But Republicans were quick to use the excesses of the student protest movement to their advantage. In 1966, Ronald Reagan vowed “to clean up the mess at Berkeley” and was elected governor of California. In 1968, Richard Nixon celebrated the “forgotten Americans — the nonshouters; the nondemonstrators” and was elected to the presidency. Far from leading to a new progressive era, the uprisings of the era were followed by what was arguably the most conservative period in American history.

This kind of popular backlash is not uncommon. For his latest book, “If We Burn,” the progressive journalist Vincent Bevins investigated 10 protest movements that occurred between 2010 and 2020 in places like Egypt, Turkey, Brazil, Ukraine and Hong Kong. He concluded that in seven of those cases, the results were “worse than failure. Things went backward.”

In Egypt in 2011, for example, about a million protesters gathered in Tahrir Square, thrilling the world with their calls for reforms and freedom. President Hosni Mubarak was toppled, but democracy did not replace his autocratic rule; the Muslim Brotherhood did.

In June 2013, millions of Brazilians took to the streets demanding better schools, cheaper public transportation and political reform. But, Bevins laments, “just a few years later, the country would be ruled by the most radically right-wing elected leader in the world, a man who openly called for a return to dictatorship and mass violence” — the über-Trumpian figure Jair Bolsonaro.

Why do these popular uprisings so often backfire? In his book, Bevins points to flaws in the way the protesters organize themselves. He notes that there are a few ways you can structure movements. The first is the Leninist way, in which power is concentrated in the supreme leader and his apparatus. Or there is the method used by the American civil rights movement, in which a network of hierarchically organized institutions work together for common ends, with clear leaders and clear followers.

Then there’s the kind of movement we have in the age of the internet. Many of these protesters across the globe are suspicious of vertical lines of authority; they don’t want to be told what to do by self-appointed leaders. They prefer leaderless, decentralized, digitally coordinated crowds, in which participants get to improvise their own thing.

This horizontal, anarchic method enables masses of people to mobilize quickly, even if they don’t know one another. It is, however, built on the shaky assumption that if lots of people turn out, then somehow the movement will magically meet its goals.

Unfortunately, an unorganized, decentralized movement is going to be good at disruption but not good at building a new reality. As Bevins puts it, “A diffuse group of individuals who come out to the streets for very different reasons cannot simply take power themselves.” Instead groups that have traditional organizational structures, like the strongman populists, rise up vowing to end the anarchy and restore order.

Today’s campus protesters share this weakness. When you have no formal organizational structure, you can’t control the message. The most outlandish comments — “ Zionists don’t deserve to live ” — get attention. When you have no formal organizational structure, you can’t be clear on basic positions. Does the movement, for example, believe in a two-state solution, or does it want to eliminate Israel and ethnically cleanse the region?

Worse, the protests reinforce the class dynamics that have undermined the Democratic Party’s prospects over the past few decades. As is well known, the Democrats have become the party of the educated and cultural elite, and the Republicans have become the party of the less educated masses. Students who attend places like Columbia and the University of Southern California are in the top echelons of cultural privilege.

If you operate in highly educated circles, it’s easy to get the impression that young people are passionately engaged in the Gaza issue. But a recent Harvard Youth Poll asked Americans ages 18 to 29 which issues mattered to them most. “Israel/Palestine” ranked 15th out of 16 issues listed. Other issues like inflation, jobs, housing, health care and gun violence were much more pressing to most young Americans.

Especially since 2016, it’s become clear that if you live in a university town or in one of the many cities along the coasts where highly educated people tend to congregate, you can’t use your own experience to generalize about American politics. In fact, if you are guided by instincts and values honed in such places, you may not be sensitive to the ways your movement is alienating voters in the working-class areas of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Michigan and Georgia. You may come across to them as privileged kids breaking the rules and getting away with it.

Over the past few decades, many universities have become more ideologically homogeneous and detached from the rest of the country. As my colleague Ross Douthat noted recently, Columbia students who study 20th-century thought in the “core curriculum” are fed a steady diet of writers like Frantz Fanon and Michel Foucault from one ideological perspective.

Writing in The Atlantic, George Packer quoted a letter that one Columbia student wrote to one of his professors: “I think universities have essentially stopped minding the store, stopped engaging in any kind of debate or even conversation with the ideologies which have slowly crept into every bit of university life, without enough people of good conscience brave enough to question all the orthodoxies. So if you come to Columbia believing in ‘decolonization’ or what have you, it’s genuinely not clear to me that you will ever have to reflect on this belief.”

These circles have become so insular that today’s progressive fights tend to take place within progressive spaces, with progressive young protesters attempting to topple slightly less progressive university presidents or organization heads. These fights invariably divide the left and unify the right.

Over my career as a journalist, I’ve learned that when you’re covering a rally, pay attention not just to protesters; pay attention to all those people who would never attend and are quietly disapproving. If you were covering the protests of the late 1960s, for example, you would have learned a lot more about the coming decades by interviewing George W. Bush than you would have by interviewing one of the era’s protest celebrities like Abbie Hoffman. Hoffman was more photogenic in the moment, but Bush, and all those turned off by the protests, would turn out to be more consequential.

Over the past few days, the White House and Senator Chuck Schumer have become more critical of lawbreaking protests. They probably need to do a lot more of that if we’re going to avoid “Trump: The Sequel.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

David Brooks has been a columnist with The Times since 2003. He is the author, most recently,  of “How to Know a Person: The Art of Seeing Others Deeply and Being Deeply Seen.” @ nytdavidbrooks