thesis on waste management in nigeria pdf

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Temporal assessment of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria: prospects for circular economy adoption

This work reviewed the past and current status of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Nigeria towards offering a direction for the future. The past status shows that poor policy regimes, inadequate financing mechanisms, absence of waste data, and abysmal institutional arrangement negatively impacted the MSW management outcomes in the country. At present, few improvements recorded like an increase in the number of landfills, and public-private partnerships have been largely undermined by the continuous upsurge in the urban population and lack of corresponding growth in critical capacities in terms of economic resources, technological advancement, and state-of-the-art urban infrastructures. The current waste generated in cities in Nigeria is calculated as 66,828 tonnes per day (TPD) at the total urban population of 106 million, while the projected value for 2040 will be 125,473 TPD at the urban population of 199 million. The current work further discusses prospects and implications for circular economy adoption in solid waste valorization in Nigeria.

Research funding: None declared.

Author contributions : All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

Competing interests : Authors state no conflict of interest.

Informed consent : Not applicable.

Ethical approval : Not applicable.

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Environmental Burden of Waste Generation and Management in Nigeria

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• Joseph Omeiza Alao   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-1129 9 ,
• Daniel A. Ayejoto   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-7134 10 ,
• Abubakar Fahad   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-3280 11 ,
• Musaab A. A. Mohammed   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-0037 12 ,
• Ahmed M. Saqr   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-1208 13 &
• Alao Ovaioza Joy   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0007-8346-2735 14  

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The challenge of solid waste generation and management is a global phenomenon. However, the situation is more pressing in Nigeria due to the ever-growing population, high level of environmental indiscipline, poor waste management technologies (WMTs), low income, and inadequate environmental awareness, which directly influence waste generation and management in Nigeria. This review chapter provides an overview of the environmental burden and the impacts of solid waste management (WM) methods in Nigeria to identify the existing waste management technologies (WMTs), the challenges, the consequences and the sustainable roadmap for future direction. The chapter discusses the impacts of WMTs adopted in Nigeria with a keen interest in water pollution. Results from the comparative studies indicate a high level of environmental indiscipline and abysmal WM systems in Nigeria. The open dumpsite was identified as the popular WM method and an imminent hotspot for air, land, and water pollution because approximately 65% of the total waste generation in Nigeria is discharged through it. High concentration of dissolved substances such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Heavy Metals (HMs) was noted in the analysis of sample water collected from rivers and had-dug wells close to dumpsites. The comparative studies of physiochemical water analysis show high content of BOD (395–1344) mg/l, COD (743–1947) mg/l, TDS (400–2588) mg/l and heavy metals (0.031–3.480) mg/l present in the groundwater systems, close to landfills, which have altered the chemistry of groundwater across Nigeria, About 80–90% of water found in hand-dug wells (HDWs) within a 500 m radius of dumpsites have been qualitatively compromised, while 100% of the surface water (rivers and streams) within a 1.2 km radius of dumpsites have been polluted with leachate plumes. However, the trends were quite contrary in borehole water as over 65% were found within the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for drinking water. In light of the challenges, this chapter review presents a roadmap to reduce the impact of poor WM for adequate environmental control by addressing the challenges of huge generation in Nigeria and leveraging on the waste-to-energy concepts can play a vital role in economic recovery and ensure a sustainable environment for the future.

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Joseph Omeiza Alao

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Alao, J.O., Ayejoto, D.A., Fahad, A., Mohammed, M.A.A., Saqr, A.M., Joy, A.O. (2024). Environmental Burden of Waste Generation and Management in Nigeria. In: Souabi, S., Anouzla, A. (eds) Technical Landfills and Waste Management. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55665-4_2

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