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Background of The Study – Examples and Writing Guide
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Background of The Study
Definition:
Background of the study refers to the context, circumstances, and history that led to the research problem or topic being studied. It provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and the significance of the study.
The background of the study usually includes a discussion of the relevant literature, the gap in knowledge or understanding, and the research questions or hypotheses to be addressed. It also highlights the importance of the research topic and its potential contributions to the field. A well-written background of the study sets the stage for the research and helps the reader to appreciate the need for the study and its potential significance.
How to Write Background of The Study
Here are some steps to help you write the background of the study:
Identify the Research Problem
Start by identifying the research problem you are trying to address. This problem should be significant and relevant to your field of study.
Provide Context
Once you have identified the research problem, provide some context. This could include the historical, social, or political context of the problem.
Review Literature
Conduct a thorough review of the existing literature on the topic. This will help you understand what has been studied and what gaps exist in the current research.
Identify Research Gap
Based on your literature review, identify the gap in knowledge or understanding that your research aims to address. This gap will be the focus of your research question or hypothesis.
State Objectives
Clearly state the objectives of your research . These should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
Discuss Significance
Explain the significance of your research. This could include its potential impact on theory , practice, policy, or society.
Finally, summarize the key points of the background of the study. This will help the reader understand the research problem, its context, and its significance.
How to Write Background of The Study in Proposal
The background of the study is an essential part of any proposal as it sets the stage for the research project and provides the context and justification for why the research is needed. Here are the steps to write a compelling background of the study in your proposal:
- Identify the problem: Clearly state the research problem or gap in the current knowledge that you intend to address through your research.
- Provide context: Provide a brief overview of the research area and highlight its significance in the field.
- Review literature: Summarize the relevant literature related to the research problem and provide a critical evaluation of the current state of knowledge.
- Identify gaps : Identify the gaps or limitations in the existing literature and explain how your research will contribute to filling these gaps.
- Justify the study : Explain why your research is important and what practical or theoretical contributions it can make to the field.
- Highlight objectives: Clearly state the objectives of the study and how they relate to the research problem.
- Discuss methodology: Provide an overview of the methodology you will use to collect and analyze data, and explain why it is appropriate for the research problem.
- Conclude : Summarize the key points of the background of the study and explain how they support your research proposal.
How to Write Background of The Study In Thesis
The background of the study is a critical component of a thesis as it provides context for the research problem, rationale for conducting the study, and the significance of the research. Here are some steps to help you write a strong background of the study:
- Identify the research problem : Start by identifying the research problem that your thesis is addressing. What is the issue that you are trying to solve or explore? Be specific and concise in your problem statement.
- Review the literature: Conduct a thorough review of the relevant literature on the topic. This should include scholarly articles, books, and other sources that are directly related to your research question.
- I dentify gaps in the literature: After reviewing the literature, identify any gaps in the existing research. What questions remain unanswered? What areas have not been explored? This will help you to establish the need for your research.
- Establish the significance of the research: Clearly state the significance of your research. Why is it important to address this research problem? What are the potential implications of your research? How will it contribute to the field?
- Provide an overview of the research design: Provide an overview of the research design and methodology that you will be using in your study. This should include a brief explanation of the research approach, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
- State the research objectives and research questions: Clearly state the research objectives and research questions that your study aims to answer. These should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
- Summarize the chapter: Summarize the chapter by highlighting the key points and linking them back to the research problem, significance of the study, and research questions.
How to Write Background of The Study in Research Paper
Here are the steps to write the background of the study in a research paper:
- Identify the research problem: Start by identifying the research problem that your study aims to address. This can be a particular issue, a gap in the literature, or a need for further investigation.
- Conduct a literature review: Conduct a thorough literature review to gather information on the topic, identify existing studies, and understand the current state of research. This will help you identify the gap in the literature that your study aims to fill.
- Explain the significance of the study: Explain why your study is important and why it is necessary. This can include the potential impact on the field, the importance to society, or the need to address a particular issue.
- Provide context: Provide context for the research problem by discussing the broader social, economic, or political context that the study is situated in. This can help the reader understand the relevance of the study and its potential implications.
- State the research questions and objectives: State the research questions and objectives that your study aims to address. This will help the reader understand the scope of the study and its purpose.
- Summarize the methodology : Briefly summarize the methodology you used to conduct the study, including the data collection and analysis methods. This can help the reader understand how the study was conducted and its reliability.
Examples of Background of The Study
Here are some examples of the background of the study:
Problem : The prevalence of obesity among children in the United States has reached alarming levels, with nearly one in five children classified as obese.
Significance : Obesity in childhood is associated with numerous negative health outcomes, including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers.
Gap in knowledge : Despite efforts to address the obesity epidemic, rates continue to rise. There is a need for effective interventions that target the unique needs of children and their families.
Problem : The use of antibiotics in agriculture has contributed to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which poses a significant threat to human health.
Significance : Antibiotic-resistant infections are responsible for thousands of deaths each year and are a major public health concern.
Gap in knowledge: While there is a growing body of research on the use of antibiotics in agriculture, there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms of resistance and the most effective strategies for reducing antibiotic use.
Edxample 3:
Problem : Many low-income communities lack access to healthy food options, leading to high rates of food insecurity and diet-related diseases.
Significance : Poor nutrition is a major contributor to chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Gap in knowledge : While there have been efforts to address food insecurity, there is a need for more research on the barriers to accessing healthy food in low-income communities and effective strategies for increasing access.
Examples of Background of The Study In Research
Here are some real-life examples of how the background of the study can be written in different fields of study:
Example 1 : “There has been a significant increase in the incidence of diabetes in recent years. This has led to an increased demand for effective diabetes management strategies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new diabetes management program in improving patient outcomes.”
Example 2 : “The use of social media has become increasingly prevalent in modern society. Despite its popularity, little is known about the effects of social media use on mental health. This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media use and mental health in young adults.”
Example 3: “Despite significant advancements in cancer treatment, the survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer remains low. The purpose of this study is to identify potential biomarkers that can be used to improve early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer.”
Examples of Background of The Study in Proposal
Here are some real-time examples of the background of the study in a proposal:
Example 1 : The prevalence of mental health issues among university students has been increasing over the past decade. This study aims to investigate the causes and impacts of mental health issues on academic performance and wellbeing.
Example 2 : Climate change is a global issue that has significant implications for agriculture in developing countries. This study aims to examine the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers to climate change and identify effective strategies to enhance their resilience.
Example 3 : The use of social media in political campaigns has become increasingly common in recent years. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media campaigns in mobilizing young voters and influencing their voting behavior.
Example 4 : Employee turnover is a major challenge for organizations, especially in the service sector. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence employee turnover in the hospitality industry and explore effective strategies for reducing turnover rates.
Examples of Background of The Study in Thesis
Here are some real-time examples of the background of the study in the thesis:
Example 1 : “Women’s participation in the workforce has increased significantly over the past few decades. However, women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions, particularly in male-dominated industries such as technology. This study aims to examine the factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in leadership roles in the technology industry, with a focus on organizational culture and gender bias.”
Example 2 : “Mental health is a critical component of overall health and well-being. Despite increased awareness of the importance of mental health, there are still significant gaps in access to mental health services, particularly in low-income and rural communities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based mental health intervention in improving mental health outcomes in underserved populations.”
Example 3: “The use of technology in education has become increasingly widespread, with many schools adopting online learning platforms and digital resources. However, there is limited research on the impact of technology on student learning outcomes and engagement. This study aims to explore the relationship between technology use and academic achievement among middle school students, as well as the factors that mediate this relationship.”
Examples of Background of The Study in Research Paper
Here are some examples of how the background of the study can be written in various fields:
Example 1: The prevalence of obesity has been on the rise globally, with the World Health Organization reporting that approximately 650 million adults were obese in 2016. Obesity is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In recent years, several interventions have been proposed to address this issue, including lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. However, there is a lack of consensus on the most effective intervention for obesity management. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of different interventions for obesity management and identify the most effective one.
Example 2: Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health threat worldwide. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are associated with longer hospital stays, higher healthcare costs, and increased mortality. The inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main factors contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance. Despite numerous efforts to promote the rational use of antibiotics, studies have shown that many healthcare providers continue to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately. This study aims to explore the factors influencing healthcare providers’ prescribing behavior and identify strategies to improve antibiotic prescribing practices.
Example 3: Social media has become an integral part of modern communication, with millions of people worldwide using platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Social media has several advantages, including facilitating communication, connecting people, and disseminating information. However, social media use has also been associated with several negative outcomes, including cyberbullying, addiction, and mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the impact of social media use on mental health and identify the factors that mediate this relationship.
Purpose of Background of The Study
The primary purpose of the background of the study is to help the reader understand the rationale for the research by presenting the historical, theoretical, and empirical background of the problem.
More specifically, the background of the study aims to:
- Provide a clear understanding of the research problem and its context.
- Identify the gap in knowledge that the study intends to fill.
- Establish the significance of the research problem and its potential contribution to the field.
- Highlight the key concepts, theories, and research findings related to the problem.
- Provide a rationale for the research questions or hypotheses and the research design.
- Identify the limitations and scope of the study.
When to Write Background of The Study
The background of the study should be written early on in the research process, ideally before the research design is finalized and data collection begins. This allows the researcher to clearly articulate the rationale for the study and establish a strong foundation for the research.
The background of the study typically comes after the introduction but before the literature review section. It should provide an overview of the research problem and its context, and also introduce the key concepts, theories, and research findings related to the problem.
Writing the background of the study early on in the research process also helps to identify potential gaps in knowledge and areas for further investigation, which can guide the development of the research questions or hypotheses and the research design. By establishing the significance of the research problem and its potential contribution to the field, the background of the study can also help to justify the research and secure funding or support from stakeholders.
Advantage of Background of The Study
The background of the study has several advantages, including:
- Provides context: The background of the study provides context for the research problem by highlighting the historical, theoretical, and empirical background of the problem. This allows the reader to understand the research problem in its broader context and appreciate its significance.
- Identifies gaps in knowledge: By reviewing the existing literature related to the research problem, the background of the study can identify gaps in knowledge that the study intends to fill. This helps to establish the novelty and originality of the research and its potential contribution to the field.
- Justifies the research : The background of the study helps to justify the research by demonstrating its significance and potential impact. This can be useful in securing funding or support for the research.
- Guides the research design: The background of the study can guide the development of the research questions or hypotheses and the research design by identifying key concepts, theories, and research findings related to the problem. This ensures that the research is grounded in existing knowledge and is designed to address the research problem effectively.
- Establishes credibility: By demonstrating the researcher’s knowledge of the field and the research problem, the background of the study can establish the researcher’s credibility and expertise, which can enhance the trustworthiness and validity of the research.
Disadvantages of Background of The Study
Some Disadvantages of Background of The Study are as follows:
- Time-consuming : Writing a comprehensive background of the study can be time-consuming, especially if the research problem is complex and multifaceted. This can delay the research process and impact the timeline for completing the study.
- Repetitive: The background of the study can sometimes be repetitive, as it often involves summarizing existing research and theories related to the research problem. This can be tedious for the reader and may make the section less engaging.
- Limitations of existing research: The background of the study can reveal the limitations of existing research related to the problem. This can create challenges for the researcher in developing research questions or hypotheses that address the gaps in knowledge identified in the background of the study.
- Bias : The researcher’s biases and perspectives can influence the content and tone of the background of the study. This can impact the reader’s perception of the research problem and may influence the validity of the research.
- Accessibility: Accessing and reviewing the literature related to the research problem can be challenging, especially if the researcher does not have access to a comprehensive database or if the literature is not available in the researcher’s language. This can limit the depth and scope of the background of the study.
About the author
Muhammad Hassan
Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer
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How to Write an Effective Background of the Study: A Comprehensive Guide
Table of Contents
The background of the study in a research paper offers a clear context, highlighting why the research is essential and the problem it aims to address.
As a researcher, this foundational section is essential for you to chart the course of your study, Moreover, it allows readers to understand the importance and path of your research.
Whether in academic communities or to the general public, a well-articulated background aids in communicating the essence of the research effectively.
While it may seem straightforward, crafting an effective background requires a blend of clarity, precision, and relevance. Therefore, this article aims to be your guide, offering insights into:
- Understanding the concept of the background of the study.
- Learning how to craft a compelling background effectively.
- Identifying and sidestepping common pitfalls in writing the background.
- Exploring practical examples that bring the theory to life.
- Enhancing both your writing and reading of academic papers.
Keeping these compelling insights in mind, let's delve deeper into the details of the empirical background of the study, exploring its definition, distinctions, and the art of writing it effectively.
What is the background of the study?
The background of the study is placed at the beginning of a research paper. It provides the context, circumstances, and history that led to the research problem or topic being explored.
It offers readers a snapshot of the existing knowledge on the topic and the reasons that spurred your current research.
When crafting the background of your study, consider the following questions.
- What's the context of your research?
- Which previous research will you refer to?
- Are there any knowledge gaps in the existing relevant literature?
- How will you justify the need for your current research?
- Have you concisely presented the research question or problem?
In a typical research paper structure, after presenting the background, the introduction section follows. The introduction delves deeper into the specific objectives of the research and often outlines the structure or main points that the paper will cover.
Together, they create a cohesive starting point, ensuring readers are well-equipped to understand the subsequent sections of the research paper.
While the background of the study and the introduction section of the research manuscript may seem similar and sometimes even overlap, each serves a unique purpose in the research narrative.
Difference between background and introduction
A well-written background of the study and introduction are preliminary sections of a research paper and serve distinct purposes.
Hereâs a detailed tabular comparison between the two of them.
Aspect | Background | Introduction |
Primary purpose | Provides context and logical reasons for the research, explaining why the study is necessary. | Entails the broader scope of the research, hinting at its objectives and significance. |
Depth of information | It delves into the existing literature, highlighting gaps or unresolved questions that the research aims to address. | It offers a general overview, touching upon the research topic without going into extensive detail. |
Content focus | The focus is on historical context, previous studies, and the evolution of the research topic. | The focus is on the broader research field, potential implications, and a preview of the research structure. |
Position in a research paper | Typically comes at the very beginning, setting the stage for the research. | Follows the background, leading readers into the main body of the research. |
Tone | Analytical, detailing the topic and its significance. | General and anticipatory, preparing readers for the depth and direction of the focus of the study. |
What is the relevance of the background of the study?
It is necessary for you to provide your readers with the background of your research. Without this, readers may grapple with questions such as: Why was this specific research topic chosen? What led to this decision? Why is this study relevant? Is it worth their time?
Such uncertainties can deter them from fully engaging with your study, leading to the rejection of your research paper. Additionally, this can diminish its impact in the academic community, and reduce its potential for real-world application or policy influence .
To address these concerns and offer clarity, the background section plays a pivotal role in research papers.
The background of the study in research is important as it:
- Provides context: It offers readers a clear picture of the existing knowledge, helping them understand where the current research fits in.
- Highlights relevance: By detailing the reasons for the research, it underscores the study's significance and its potential impact.
- Guides the narrative: The background shapes the narrative flow of the paper, ensuring a logical progression from what's known to what the research aims to uncover.
- Enhances engagement: A well-crafted background piques the reader's interest, encouraging them to delve deeper into the research paper.
- Aids in comprehension: By setting the scenario, it aids readers in better grasping the research objectives, methodologies, and findings.
How to write the background of the study in a research paper?
The journey of presenting a compelling argument begins with the background study. This section holds the power to either captivate or lose the reader's interest.
An effectively written background not only provides context but also sets the tone for the entire research paper. It's the bridge that connects a broad topic to a specific research question, guiding readers through the logic behind the study.
But how does one craft a background of the study that resonates, informs, and engages?
Here, weâll discuss how to write an impactful background study, ensuring your research stands out and captures the attention it deserves.
Identify the research problem
The first step is to start pinpointing the specific issue or gap you're addressing. This should be a significant and relevant problem in your field.
A well-defined problem is specific, relevant, and significant to your field. It should resonate with both experts and readers.
Hereâs more on how to write an effective research problem .
Provide context
Here, you need to provide a broader perspective, illustrating how your research aligns with or contributes to the overarching context or the wider field of study. A comprehensive context is grounded in facts, offers multiple perspectives, and is relatable.
In addition to stating facts, you should weave a story that connects key concepts from the past, present, and potential future research. For instance, consider the following approach.
- Offer a brief history of the topic, highlighting major milestones or turning points that have shaped the current landscape.
- Discuss contemporary developments or current trends that provide relevant information to your research problem. This could include technological advancements, policy changes, or shifts in societal attitudes.
- Highlight the views of different stakeholders. For a topic like sustainable agriculture, this could mean discussing the perspectives of farmers, environmentalists, policymakers, and consumers.
- If relevant, compare and contrast global trends with local conditions and circumstances. This can offer readers a more holistic understanding of the topic.
Literature review
For this step, youâll deep dive into the existing literature on the same topic. It's where you explore what scholars, researchers, and experts have already discovered or discussed about your topic.
Conducting a thorough literature review isn't just a recap of past works. To elevate its efficacy, it's essential to analyze the methods, outcomes, and intricacies of prior research work, demonstrating a thorough engagement with the existing body of knowledge.
- Instead of merely listing past research study, delve into their methodologies, findings, and limitations. Highlight groundbreaking studies and those that had contrasting results.
- Try to identify patterns. Look for recurring themes or trends in the literature. Are there common conclusions or contentious points?
- The next step would be to connect the dots. Show how different pieces of research relate to each other. This can help in understanding the evolution of thought on the topic.
By showcasing what's already known, you can better highlight the background of the study in research.
Highlight the research gap
This step involves identifying the unexplored areas or unanswered questions in the existing literature. Your research seeks to address these gaps, providing new insights or answers.
A clear research gap shows you've thoroughly engaged with existing literature and found an area that needs further exploration.
How can you efficiently highlight the research gap?
- Find the overlooked areas. Point out topics or angles that haven't been adequately addressed.
- Highlight questions that have emerged due to recent developments or changing circumstances.
- Identify areas where insights from other fields might be beneficial but haven't been explored yet.
State your objectives
Here, itâs all about laying out your game plan â What do you hope to achieve with your research? You need to mention a clear objective thatâs specific, actionable, and directly tied to the research gap.
How to state your objectives?
- List the primary questions guiding your research.
- If applicable, state any hypotheses or predictions you aim to test.
- Specify what you hope to achieve, whether it's new insights, solutions, or methodologies.
Discuss the significance
This step describes your 'why'. Why is your research important? What broader implications does it have?
The significance of âwhyâ should be both theoretical (adding to the existing literature) and practical (having real-world implications).
How do we effectively discuss the significance?
- Discuss how your research adds to the existing body of knowledge.
- Highlight how your findings could be applied in real-world scenarios, from policy changes to on-ground practices.
- Point out how your research could pave the way for further studies or open up new areas of exploration.
Summarize your points
A concise summary acts as a bridge, smoothly transitioning readers from the background to the main body of the paper. This step is a brief recap, ensuring that readers have grasped the foundational concepts.
How to summarize your study?
- Revisit the key points discussed, from the research problem to its significance.
- Prepare the reader for the subsequent sections, ensuring they understand the research's direction.
Include examples for better understanding
Research and come up with real-world or hypothetical examples to clarify complex concepts or to illustrate the practical applications of your research. Relevant examples make abstract ideas tangible, aiding comprehension.
How to include an effective example of the background of the study?
- Use past events or scenarios to explain concepts.
- Craft potential scenarios to demonstrate the implications of your findings.
- Use comparisons to simplify complex ideas, making them more relatable.
Crafting a compelling background of the study in research is about striking the right balance between providing essential context, showcasing your comprehensive understanding of the existing literature, and highlighting the unique value of your research .
While writing the background of the study, keep your readers at the forefront of your mind. Every piece of information, every example, and every objective should be geared toward helping them understand and appreciate your research.
How to avoid mistakes in the background of the study in research?
To write a well-crafted background of the study, you should be aware of the following potential research pitfalls .
- Stay away from ambiguity. Always assume that your reader might not be familiar with intricate details about your topic.
- Avoid discussing unrelated themes. Stick to what's directly relevant to your research problem.
- Ensure your background is well-organized. Information should flow logically, making it easy for readers to follow.
- While it's vital to provide context, avoid overwhelming the reader with excessive details that might not be directly relevant to your research problem.
- Ensure you've covered the most significant and relevant studies i` n your field. Overlooking key pieces of literature can make your background seem incomplete.
- Aim for a balanced presentation of facts, and avoid showing overt bias or presenting only one side of an argument.
- While academic paper often involves specialized terms, ensure they're adequately explained or use simpler alternatives when possible.
- Every claim or piece of information taken from existing literature should be appropriately cited. Failing to do so can lead to issues of plagiarism.
- Avoid making the background too lengthy. While thoroughness is appreciated, it should not come at the expense of losing the reader's interest. Maybe prefer to keep it to one-two paragraphs long.
- Especially in rapidly evolving fields, it's crucial to ensure that your literature review section is up-to-date and includes the latest research.
Example of an effective background of the study
Let's consider a topic: "The Impact of Online Learning on Student Performance." The ideal background of the study section for this topic would be as follows.
In the last decade, the rise of the internet has revolutionized many sectors, including education. Online learning platforms, once a supplementary educational tool, have now become a primary mode of instruction for many institutions worldwide. With the recent global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid shift from traditional classroom learning to online modes, making it imperative to understand its effects on student performance.
Previous studies have explored various facets of online learning, from its accessibility to its flexibility. However, there is a growing need to assess its direct impact on student outcomes. While some educators advocate for its benefits, citing the convenience and vast resources available, others express concerns about potential drawbacks, such as reduced student engagement and the challenges of self-discipline.
This research aims to delve deeper into this debate, evaluating the true impact of online learning on student performance.
Why is this example considered as an effective background section of a research paper?
This background section example effectively sets the context by highlighting the rise of online learning and its increased relevance due to recent global events. It references prior research on the topic, indicating a foundation built on existing knowledge.
By presenting both the potential advantages and concerns of online learning, it establishes a balanced view, leading to the clear purpose of the study: to evaluate the true impact of online learning on student performance.
As we've explored, writing an effective background of the study in research requires clarity, precision, and a keen understanding of both the broader landscape and the specific details of your topic.
From identifying the research problem, providing context, reviewing existing literature to highlighting research gaps and stating objectives, each step is pivotal in shaping the narrative of your research. And while there are best practices to follow, it's equally crucial to be aware of the pitfalls to avoid.
Remember, writing or refining the background of your study is essential to engage your readers, familiarize them with the research context, and set the ground for the insights your research project will unveil.
Drawing from all the important details, insights and guidance shared, you're now in a strong position to craft a background of the study that not only informs but also engages and resonates with your readers.
Now that you've a clear understanding of what the background of the study aims to achieve, the natural progression is to delve into the next crucial component â write an effective introduction section of a research paper. Read here .
Frequently Asked Questions
The background of the study should include a clear context for the research, references to relevant previous studies, identification of knowledge gaps, justification for the current research, a concise overview of the research problem or question, and an indication of the study's significance or potential impact.
The background of the study is written to provide readers with a clear understanding of the context, significance, and rationale behind the research. It offers a snapshot of existing knowledge on the topic, highlights the relevance of the study, and sets the stage for the research questions and objectives. It ensures that readers can grasp the importance of the research and its place within the broader field of study.
The background of the study is a section in a research paper that provides context, circumstances, and history leading to the research problem or topic being explored. It presents existing knowledge on the topic and outlines the reasons that spurred the current research, helping readers understand the research's foundation and its significance in the broader academic landscape.
The number of paragraphs in the background of the study can vary based on the complexity of the topic and the depth of the context required. Typically, it might range from 3 to 5 paragraphs, but in more detailed or complex research papers, it could be longer. The key is to ensure that all relevant information is presented clearly and concisely, without unnecessary repetition.
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What is the Background of the Study and How to Write It
What is the Background of the Study in Research?
The background of the study is the first section of a research paper and gives context surrounding the research topic. The background explains to the reader where your research journey started, why you got interested in the topic, and how you developed the research question that you will later specify. That means that you first establish the context of the research you did with a general overview of the field or topic and then present the key issues that drove your decision to study the specific problem you chose.
Once the reader understands where you are coming from and why there was indeed a need for the research you are going to present in the followingâbecause there was a gap in the current research, or because there is an obvious problem with a currently used process or technologyâyou can proceed with the formulation of your research question and summarize how you are going to address it in the rest of your manuscript.
Why is the Background of the Study Important?
No matter how surprising and important the findings of your study are, if you do not provide the reader with the necessary background information and context, they will not be able to understand your reasons for studying the specific problem you chose and why you think your study is relevant. And more importantly, an editor who does not share your enthusiasm for your work (because you did not fill them in on all the important details) will very probably not even consider your manuscript worthy of their and the reviewersâ time and will immediately send it back to you.
To avoid such desk rejections , you need to make sure you pique the readerâs interest and help them understand the contribution of your work to the specific field you study, the more general research community, or the public. Introducing the study background is crucial to setting the scene for your readers.
Table of Contents:
- What is âBackground Informationâ in a Research Paper?
- What Should the Background of a Research Paper Include?
- Where Does the Background Section Go in Your Paper?
Background of the Study Structure
Before writing your study background, it is essential to understand what to include. The following elements should all be included in the background and are presented in greater detail in the next section:
- A general overview of the topic and why it is important (overlaps with establishing the “importance of the topic” in the Introduction)
- The current state of the research on the topic or on related topics in the field
- Controversies about current knowledge or specific past studies that undergird your research methodology
- Any claims or assumptions that have been made by researchers, institutions, or politicians that might need to be clarified
- Methods and techniques used in the study or from which your study deviated in some way
Presenting the Study Background
As you begin introducing your background, you first need to provide a general overview and include the main issues concerning the topic. Depending on whether you do âbasicâ (with the aim of providing further knowledge) or âapplied” research (to establish new techniques, processes, or products), this is either a literature review that summarizes all relevant earlier studies in the field or a description of the process (e.g., vote counting) or practice (e.g., diagnosis of a specific disease) that you think is problematic or lacking and needs a solution.
Example s of a general overview
If you study the function of a Drosophila gene, for example, you can explain to the reader why and for whom the study of fly genetics is relevant, what is already known and established, and where you see gaps in the existing literature. If you investigated how the way universities have transitioned into online teaching since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected studentsâ learning progress, then you need to present a summary of what changes have happened around the world, what the effects of those changes have been so far, and where you see problems that need to be addressed. Note that you need to provide sources for every statement and every claim you make here, to establish a solid foundation of knowledge for your own study.
Describing the current state of knowledge
When the reader understands the main issue(s), you need to fill them in more specifically on the current state of the field (in basic research) or the process/practice/product use you describe (in practical/applied research). Cite all relevant studies that have already reported on the Drosophila gene you are interested in, have failed to reveal certain functions of it, or have suggested that it might be involved in more processes than we know so far. Or list the reports from the education ministries of the countries you are interested in and highlight the data that shows the need for research into the effects of the Corona-19 pandemic on teaching and learning.
Discussing controversies, claims, and assumptions
Are there controversies regarding your topic of interest that need to be mentioned and/or addressed? For example, if your research topic involves an issue that is politically hot, you can acknowledge this here. Have any earlier claims or assumptions been made, by other researchers, institutions, or politicians, that you think need to be clarified?
Mentioning methodologies and approaches
While putting together these details, you also need to mention methodologies : What methods/techniques have been used so far to study what you studied and why are you going to either use the same or a different approach? Are any of the methods included in the literature review flawed in such a way that your study takes specific measures to correct or update? While you shouldn’t spend too much time here justifying your methods (this can be summarized briefly in the rationale of the study at the end of the Introduction and later in the Discussion section), you can engage with the crucial methods applied in previous studies here first.
When you have established the background of the study of your research paper in such a logical way, then the reader should have had no problem following you from the more general information you introduced first to the specific details you added later. You can now easily lead over to the relevance of your research, explain how your work fits into the bigger picture, and specify the aims and objectives of your study. This latter part is usually considered the â statement of the problem â of your study. Without a solid research paper background, this statement will come out of nowhere for the reader and very probably raise more questions than you were planning to answer.
Where does the study background section go in a paper?
Unless you write a research proposal or some kind of report that has a specific âBackgroundâ chapter, the background of your study is the first part of your introduction section . This is where you put your work in context and provide all the relevant information the reader needs to follow your rationale. Make sure your background has a logical structure and naturally leads into the statement of the problem at the very end of the introduction so that you bring everything together for the reader to judge the relevance of your work and the validity of your approach before they dig deeper into the details of your study in the methods section .
Consider Receiving Professional Editing Services
Now that you know how to write a background section for a research paper, you might be interested in our AI text editor at Wordvice AI. And be sure to receive professional editing services , including academic editing and proofreading , before submitting your manuscript to journals. On the Wordvice academic resources website, you can also find many more articles and other resources that can help you with writing the other parts of your research paper , with making a research paper outline before you put everything together, or with writing an effective cover letter once you are ready to submit.
Background of the Study
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The background of the study provides a comprehensive overview of the research problem, including the context , significance, and gaps in existing knowledge. It sets the stage for the research by outlining the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects that have led to the current investigation, highlighting the importance of addressing the identified issues.
What is the Background of a Study?Â
The background of a study provides context by explaining the research problem, highlighting gaps in existing knowledge, and establishing the study’s significance. It sets the stage for the research objective , offering a foundation for understanding the study’s purpose and relevance within the broader academic discourse.
Background of the Study Format
The background of the study is a foundational section in any research paper or thesis . Here is a structured format to follow:
1. Introduction
- Briefly introduce the topic and its relevance.
- Mention the research problem or question.
2. Contextual Framework
- Provide historical background.
- Discuss relevant theories and models.
- Explain the practical context.
3. Literature Review
- Summarize key studies related to the topic.
- Highlight significant findings and their implications.
- Identify gaps in the existing literature.
4. Rationale
- Explain why the study is necessary.
- Discuss the significance and potential impact.
- Justify the research focus and scope.
5. Objectives and Research Questions
- State the primary objective of the study.
- List the specific research questions.
6. Conclusion
- Summarize the importance of the background.
- Emphasize how it sets the stage for the research.
Introduction The increasing incidence of climate change and its effects on global agriculture has raised significant concerns among researchers. This study focuses on the impact of climate change on crop yields. Contextual Framework Historically, agricultural practices have adapted to gradual climate changes. However, recent rapid shifts have outpaced these adaptations, necessitating urgent research. Theoretical models of climate adaptation provide a foundation for understanding these changes. Literature Review Recent studies show mixed results on the extent of climate change impacts on agriculture. While some regions experience reduced yields, others report minimal changes. These discrepancies highlight the need for a focused study on regional impacts. Rationale This research is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate adverse effects on agriculture. Understanding specific regional impacts can help tailor interventions, making this study highly significant for policymakers and farmers. Objectives and Research Questions To assess the impact of climate change on crop yields in the Midwest. What are the main climate factors affecting agriculture in this region? How can farmers adapt to these changes effectively? Conclusion The background of the study underscores its relevance and importance, providing a solid foundation for the research. By addressing identified gaps, this study aims to contribute valuable insights into climate change adaptation strategies in agriculture.
Background of the Study Examples
Impact of social media on academic performance, effects of urbanization on local ecosystems, role of nutrition in early childhood development.
More Background of the Study Examples
- Online Learning and Reading Skills
- Mindfulness at Work
- Parental Role in Preventing Childhood Obesity
- Green Building and Energy Efficiency
- Peer Tutoring in High Schools
- Remote Work and Work-Life Balance
- Technology in Healthcare
Background of the Study in Research Example
Background of the Study in Qualitative Research Example
Importance of Background of the Study
The background of the study is essential for several reasons:
- Context Establishment : It sets the stage for the research by outlining the historical, theoretical, and practical contexts.
- Literature Review : It provides a summary of existing literature, highlighting what is already known and identifying gaps in knowledge.
- Research Justification : It explains why the study is necessary, showcasing its relevance and significance.
- Research Direction : It guides the research questions and objectives, ensuring the study is focused and coherent.
- Foundation for Methodology : It lays the groundwork for the research methodology, explaining the choice of methods and approaches.
- Informing Stakeholders : It helps stakeholders understand the importance and potential impact of the research.
How is the Background of a Study Different From the Introduction?
The background of a study and the introduction serve distinct but complementary purposes in a research paper. Here’s how they differ:
- Provides detailed context for the research problem.
- Explains the historical, theoretical, and practical background of the topic.
- Identifies gaps in existing knowledge that the study aims to fill.
- Includes a comprehensive literature review.
- Discusses relevant theories, models, and previous research findings.
- Sets the stage for the study by explaining why it is important and necessary.
- Typically more detailed and longer than the introduction.
- Provides in-depth information to help readers understand the broader context of the research.
Introduction
- Introduces the topic and the research problem in a concise manner.
- Captures the reader’s interest and sets the stage for the rest of the paper.
- States the research objectives, questions, and sometimes hypotheses.
- Brief overview of the topic and its significance.
- Clear statement of the research problem.
- Outline of the study’s objectives and research questions.
- May include a brief mention of the methodology and scope.
- Typically shorter and more succinct than the background.
- Provides a snapshot of what the study is about without going into detailed literature review or theoretical background.
Example to Illustrate the Difference
Introduction Example : The rapid growth of social media usage among students has raised concerns about its impact on academic performance. This study aims to investigate how social media influences students’ grades and study habits. By examining different platforms and usage patterns, the research seeks to provide insights into whether social media acts as a distraction or a beneficial tool for learning. Background of the Study Example : Social media has transformed communication and information sharing, particularly among young people. Historically, educational environments have seen various technological impacts, from the introduction of computers to the widespread use of the internet. Theories of digital learning suggest both positive and negative effects of technology on education. Previous studies have shown mixed results; some indicate that social media can enhance collaborative learning and resource access, while others point to decreased academic performance due to distraction. Despite these findings, there is limited research on the long-term effects of specific social media platforms on academic outcomes. This study addresses these gaps by exploring how different types of social media usage impact student performance, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of this contemporary issue.
Where is the Background of a Study Placed in a Research Paper?
The background of a study is typically placed within the Introduction section of a research paper, but it can also be a separate section immediately following the introduction. Here’s a more detailed breakdown of where the background of the study can be placed:
Within the Introduction
- In many research papers, the background of the study is woven into the introduction. It provides context and justification for the research problem, leading up to the statement of the research objectives and questions.
- Starts with a general introduction to the topic.
- Provides background information and context.
- Reviews relevant literature and identifies gaps.
- States the research problem, objectives, and questions.
As a Separate Section
- In more detailed or longer research papers, the background of the study can be a standalone section that comes immediately after the introduction. This allows for a more comprehensive presentation of the context, literature review, and theoretical framework.
- Introduction : Briefly introduces the topic and states the research problem.
- Background of the Study : Provides detailed context, literature review, theoretical background, and justification for the research.
- Research Objectives and Questions : Clearly states the aims and specific questions the research seeks to answer.
How to Write a Background of the Study
Writing a background of the study involves providing a comprehensive overview of the research problem, context, and significance. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an effective background of the study:
Introduce the Topic
Begin with a General Introduction : Start by introducing the broad topic to give readers an overview of the field. Example : “Social media has revolutionized communication and information sharing in the digital age.”
Provide Context
Historical Background : Explain the historical development of the topic. Example : “Historically, communication technologies have significantly influenced educational practices, from the introduction of the internet to the advent of mobile learning.” Theoretical Framework : Mention relevant theories and models. Example : “Theories such as social constructivism and digital learning provide a basis for understanding how students interact and learn through social media.”
Review Relevant Literature
Summarize Key Studies : Provide a summary of significant studies related to your topic. Example : “Previous research has shown mixed results regarding the impact of social media on academic performance. Some studies suggest that social media can be a distraction, leading to lower grades, while others indicate it can enhance learning through collaboration.” Identify Gaps in Knowledge : Highlight gaps or inconsistencies in the existing literature. Example : “Despite extensive research, there is limited understanding of the long-term effects of specific social media platforms on student performance.”
Explain the Rationale
Justify the Need for the Study : Explain why your study is necessary and important. Example : “Assessing the impact of social media on academic performance is crucial for developing effective educational strategies and policies. This study aims to fill the existing knowledge gaps by providing detailed insights into how different platforms affect student learning outcomes.”
State the Research Objectives and Questions
List the Objectives : Clearly state the main objectives of your study. Example : “The primary objectives of this study are to analyze the relationship between social media usage and academic performance and to identify the most and least beneficial platforms for students.” Pose Research Questions : Include specific research questions that guide your study. Example : “What are the main factors influencing the impact of social media on academic performance? How can students balance social media use and academic responsibilities?”
Conclude with the Importance of the Study
Summarize the Significance : Emphasize how your study will contribute to the field. Example : “This study’s findings will provide valuable insights into the role of social media in education, informing educators and policymakers on how to leverage these tools effectively to enhance student learning outcomes.”
How to avoid mistakes in writing the Background of a Study
Avoiding mistakes in writing the background of a study involves careful planning, thorough research, and attention to detail. Here are some tips to help you avoid common mistakes:
1. Lack of Clarity and Focus
- Example : If your research is about the impact of social media on student performance, don’t delve into unrelated topics like general internet usage unless directly relevant.
2. Insufficient Literature Review
- Example : Use databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, or your institution’s library to find peer-reviewed articles and credible sources.
3. Overwhelming with Too Much Information
- Example : Summarize key studies and avoid detailed descriptions of every study you come across.
4. Failure to Identify Gaps in Knowledge
- Example : “While several studies have explored social media’s impact on general communication skills, few have examined its specific effects on academic performance among high school students.”
5. Lack of Theoretical Framework
- Example : “The study is grounded in social constructivism, which suggests that learning occurs through social interactions, making it relevant to examine how social media platforms facilitate these interactions.”
6. Inadequate Justification for the Study
- Example : “Understanding the impact of social media on academic performance is crucial for developing effective educational strategies and policies.”
7. Poor Organization and Structure
- Example : Use clear headings like “Introduction,” “Contextual Framework,” “Literature Review,” “Rationale,” and “Research Objectives and Questions.”
8. Using Jargon and Complex Language
- Example : Instead of “The pedagogical implications of digital media necessitate a paradigmatic shift,” say “Digital media impacts teaching methods, requiring changes in how we educate.”
9. Ignoring the Research Objectives and Questions
- Example : “This background review highlights the need to investigate how different social media platforms affect high school students’ study habits, directly addressing the research questions outlined.”
10. Neglecting to Update References
- Example : Instead of relying solely on sources from over a decade ago, incorporate recent studies that reflect current trends and findings.
What is the background of the study?
The background of the study provides context, explains the research problem, reviews relevant literature, and identifies gaps the study aims to fill.
Why is the background of the study important?
It establishes the context and significance of the research, justifies the study, and helps readers understand the broader academic landscape and gaps the research addresses.
How does the background of the study differ from the introduction?
The background provides detailed context and literature review, while the introduction briefly presents the research problem, objectives, and significance.
What should be included in the background of the study?
Include historical context, theoretical framework, literature review, gaps in knowledge, and the rationale for the study.
Where is the background of the study placed in a research paper?
It is typically integrated within the introduction or presented as a separate section following the introduction.
How long should the background of the study be?
The length varies, but it should be detailed enough to provide context and justification, typically a few paragraphs to several pages.
How do you write a strong background of the study?
Conduct thorough research, organize logically, include relevant theories and studies, identify gaps, and justify the research’s importance.
Can the background of the study include preliminary data?
Yes, including preliminary data can strengthen the background by demonstrating initial findings and supporting the research rationale.
How do you identify gaps in the literature?
Conduct a comprehensive literature review, compare findings, and note inconsistencies, unexplored areas, or outdated research that your study will address.
Should the background of the study be written in chronological order?
Not necessarily. Organize logically by themes, concepts, or research gaps rather than strictly chronologically to provide a coherent context for your study.
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The background to a study sets the scene . It lays out the âstate of the artâ. It tells your reader about other research done on the topic in question, via useful review papers and other summaries of the literature.
Updated on May 5, 2023
The background to your study, sometimes called the âstate of the artâ (especially in grant writing), sets the scene for a paper. This section shows readers why your research is important, relevant, and why they should continue reading. You must hook them in with a great background to your study, which is part of the overall introduction to your research paper.
In higher impact articles, such as those published in Nature or Science (which is what we are all aiming for, after all âŠ), the study background is t he middle section of an essentially three-part introduction . This section is framed by a presentation of âthe questionâ (first part of the introduction) and a quick explanation of âwhat this paper will doâ (the third part of the introduction).
The introduction of a research paper should be âshapedâ like an upside down triangle:Â
Start broad. Set the scene with a large-scale general research area [e.g., why doing a PhD erases your writing skills (ha ha) or mental health in teenagers and why this is such a widespread global issue] and then focus down to the question your research addresses (e.g., how can writing skills be improved in PhD students, or brain scans and how these can be used in treatment).
Read on to learn more about framing your next research paper with a well-written and researched background section.
What is the background of a study?
The background to a study sets the scene . It lays out the âstate of the artâ. It tells your reader about other research done on the topic in question, via useful review papers and other summaries of the literature.Â
A background is not a literature review: No one wants to read endless citations back-to-back in this section. You donât need to list all the papers youâve read, or all the work done in the past on this topic.Â
Set the scene and frame your question in the context of the literature. Seek out review articles in particular. The aim of this section is to build on what has come before so your reader will be armed with all the information they need to understand the remainder of your article, and why - in context - the aims of your study are important.
How to write the background to your research paper
Cater to your audience.
Itâs important to frame your background to the right audience.
The background of your study needs to be pitched differently depending on your target journal. A more subject-area specific journal (e.g. Journal of Brain Studies ) will be read by specialists in your field. Generally, less information to set up the paper in a wider context and less background information will be required. Your readers are already experts on the topic in question .
However, if you are aiming your paper at a more general audience (a journal like Nature or Science , for example) then you're going to need to explain more in your background. A reader of a specialized journal will know about the neocortex within the brain and where this is located, but a general reader will need you to set things up more.
Readers are always the most important people in research publishing, after all: If you want your work to be read, used, and cited (and therefore drive up your H-index as well as your institutionâs ranking) youâll need a well-pitched background of your study.
What is included in the background of a study?
Remember this section sits in the middle of the introduction. Hereâs a handy template for what to include:
- Existing research on the area of study (not everything, but a broad overview. Aim to cite review papers if you can). Start this section with preliminary data and then build it out;
- Mention any controversies around your topic (either that youâve identified, or that have been picked up by earlier work. Check the discussion sections of recent articles for pointers here);
- Any gaps in existing research?, and;
- How will your study fill these gaps? State your research methodologies. Any further research that needs to be done?
Aim for one paragraph , or a series of short paragraphs within one section. The last two of the topics outlined above can be short, just one or two sentences. These are there to hook the reader in and to frame your background so that the text leads into the final section of the introduction where you explain âWhat your paper is going to doâ.
Simple really.
And finallyâŠsome thoughts
I used to get really bogged down with article writing, especially the shape of the introduction.
Hereâs a trick to keep in mind: Remember that the average length of an academic research paper published in a peer reviewed journal is around 4,000 - 5,000 words - not too long.Â
This means that you're likely going to be aiming for an article of about this length the next time you sit down to write: Not too many words for an effective and well-structured introduction. Youâve got about 1,500 - 2,000 words maximum. And aim to keep it short (this will be enforced by word count limits, especially in higher impact journals like Nature and Science ). Editors at these journals are trained to cut down your writing to make sure your research fits in.
Less is more, in other words.
Keeping tight word count limits in mind means you canât write an expansive, flowing background to your study that goes off in all directions and covers a huge amount of ground. Keep an eye on our tips for what to include, cite review papers, and keep your readers interested in the question your paper seeks to address.
A well written background to your study will ensure your paper gets read all the way through to the end. Canât ask for more than that!
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COMMENTS
Learn how to write a compelling background of the study for your research proposal, thesis, or paper. Find out the definition, steps, and examples of this important section.
Learn the key elements and guidelines for writing a background of study that sets the context, justifies, and highlights the significance of your research. See examples of background of study sections from different research fields and avoid common mistakes.
Learn the concept, purpose, and structure of the background of the study section in a research paper. Find out how to identify the research problem, provide context, conduct a literature review, and avoid common pitfalls.
The background of the study is the first section of a research paper and gives context surrounding the research topic. The background explains to the reader where your research journey started, why you got interested in the topic, and how you developed the research question that you will later specify. That means that you first establish the ...
The background of the study is a foundational section in any research paper or thesis. Here is a structured format to follow: 1. Introduction. Briefly introduce the topic and its relevance. Mention the research problem or question. 2. Contextual Framework. Provide historical background.
The background to a study sets the scene. It lays out the "state of the art". It tells your reader about other research done on the topic in question, via useful review papers and other summaries of the literature. The background to your study, sometimes called the 'state of the art' (especially in grant writing), sets the scene for a ...
Learn how to write the background of your study for a research paper or a thesis. Find out the difference between the background and the literature review, and how to structure, organize and avoid common mistakes in writing the background.
Craft an enticing and engaging opening section. Provide a background and context to the study. Clearly define the research problem. State your research aims, objectives and questions. Explain the significance of your study. Identify the limitations of your research. Outline the structure of your dissertation or thesis.
1. first do a preliminary research on your chosen topi c, which means you need to rea d. a lot of literature and gather relevant data; 2. identify the gap in your proposed research and. 3. develop ...
In order to be able to write background study the study area commonly described by the study topic will be of at most importance. From the topic one should be able to derive the both the ...
Writing the Background Chapters of Your Thesis Brian Paltridge The University of Sydney. Areas to cover in a research thesis (Phillips and Pugh, 2005) Background to the study. Focus of the study Data used in the study Contribution of the study A state of art review of the field of study, including current developments, controversies and ...
The background of a study is the first section of the paper and establishes the context underlying the research. It contains the rationale, the key problem statement, and a brief overview of research questions that are addressed in the rest of the paper. The background forms the crux of the study because it introduces an unaware audience to the ...
TIP. In a PhD thesis of around 80000-100000 words, the Introduction chapter should consist of 8000 - 10000 words. Of this, at least 70% of the word count must be devoted to the background of the study section. Figure 1: An ideal structure of the background of the study in a thesis research.
1. Identify Your Audience: Determine the level of expertise of your target audience. Tailor the depth and complexity of your background information accordingly. 2. Understand the Research Problem: Define the research problem or question your study aims to address. Identify the significance of the problem within the broader context of the field.
Answer: The background of the study provides context to the information that you are discussing in your paper. Thus, the background of the study generates the reader's interest in your research question and helps them understand why your study is important. For instance, in case of your study, the background can include a discussion on how ...
Background of the Study in Research:Definition and the Core Elements it Contains Before we embark on a detailed discussion on how to write the background of the study of your proposed research or thesis, it is important to first discuss its meaning and the core elements that it should contain. This is obviously because understanding The article discusses in details the technique in writing the ...
Overview of the structure. To help guide your reader, end your introduction with an outline of the structure of the thesis or dissertation to follow. Share a brief summary of each chapter, clearly showing how each contributes to your central aims. However, be careful to keep this overview concise: 1-2 sentences should be enough.
This template covers all the core components required in the introduction chapter/section of a typical dissertation or thesis, including: The opening section. Background of the research topic. Statement of the problem. Rationale (including the research aims, objectives, and questions) Scope of the study. Significance of the study.
The document outlines a 7-stage process for writing the background of the study section, including conducting preliminary research, developing a thesis statement, completing the research, and revising drafts. It emphasizes that the background of the study demonstrates that the research question is a problem and the methodology is suitable to ...
Table of contents. Step 1: Introduce your topic. Step 2: Describe the background. Step 3: Establish your research problem. Step 4: Specify your objective (s) Step 5: Map out your paper. Research paper introduction examples. Frequently asked questions about the research paper introduction.
This thesis explores the quality of clinical learning environment and supervision for student nurses at Malamulo Hospital in Malawi. It aims to identify the factors that affect the students' competence and preparedness for practice, and to suggest ways to improve the clinical experience.
Example 1: Passive construction. The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research ). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise. Example: Passive construction.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION. Background of the Study. Photographs have played a distinct role in different facets of human life and societies. But a simple photograph that can paint a thousand words has only started from a simple pinhole camera invented by Alhazen which he called Camera Obscura.
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
Background. NCAA Division I female student-athletes are underrepresented in mental health research; existing research among female athletes tends to focus only on disordered eating and body appearance. This study aims to 1) describe the prevalence of mental health issues (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress) among female Division I college athletes, and 2) assess the association between ...
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual.Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual.. To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of ...