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150 Management Term Paper Topics and Writing Guide

Management is an integral part of any business, organization, or community. And undergraduate and postgraduate management classes are invaluable for gaining theoretical understanding of underlying principles and obtaining practical skills to boost your resume. However, the benefits come at the cost of vigorous training and writing assignments, including term papers. If you're struggling with the latter, our guide will provide actionable advice and sample topics to help you get started.

What's a Management Term Paper?

As the name implies, a management term paper is a lengthy assignment you get at the beginning of the term, which you must complete before the finals. Of course, the word count, formatting, and structure requirements differ, but you can expect to write 15 to 30 pages based on 5 to 15 sources. 

The term paper structure includes a literature review, methodology, results, and discussion that should all fit between the introduction and the conclusion. A reference list is a must, and additional sections, such as an abstract and appendices, may also be necessary for custom term paper writing .

Management Term Paper Writing Guide

Like any complex writing assignment, a management term paper is made easier by dividing the task into manageable chunks. We suggest four major jobs, which you can split into smaller tasks.

Choose and Research the Topic

Free choice of a management term paper topic is an excellent opportunity for you to impress your professor and highlight your forward thinking and creativity. And with our tips and a vast collection of suitable topics, you'll find a good one in a heartbeat.

Unlike in-class assignments and personal essays, a term paper in management requires hard evidence and facts to get a high grade. So you'll need to use the campus library, the suggested reading list, academic repositories, and other resources, like Google Scholar, ResearchGate, or ScienceDirect, to find relevant information. 

Books and scientific publications should provide theoretical principles, recent research, and survey data. However, you can also use magazine and newspaper posts to illustrate specific points. Ideally, you want to use data published within the last 5 to 10 years, authored by field experts, and published in reputable journals. 

And remember that Wikipedia, Youtube, and anonymous blog posts are off-limits. Citing them will reduce your paper's credibility and make the professor slice points off your grade.

Create an Outline for a Term Paper

As you read the prescreened sources on the topic and take notes, you'll notice recurring themes and data, as well as contradictions and inconsistencies. Keep track of both and group the evidence into categories that make sense to you. They will later become the foundation of your management term paper outline.

As we've mentioned, the typical term paper structure includes the following sections:

• Abstract — a one-page summary of the term paper with a list of keywords, usually completed last, after the piece is complete.
• Introduction — an intriguing hook to grab the reader's attention, coupled with background information and a thesis statement (or research question), which can be completed after the rest of the sections are done.
• Literature review — a synthesis of the significant points gleaned from the references, complete with your analysis of the data veracity and relevance to the research question.
• Methodology — an overview of the sampling technique, sample characteristics, research design, tools, theories, software, and approaches used to derive and analyze data.
• Results — quantitative and qualitative results of the study, presented in a digestible format, such as tables, charts, or figures with detailed explanations.
• Discussion — analysis of the results, their relevance to the research question, limitations, etc.
• Conclusion — a reiteration of the thesis statement with a summary of the results and analysis, recommendations, and potential for future study.
• Reference list — an alphabetized list of all sources used throughout the paper, formatted according to formatting style requirements.

Your professor may require a different structure. So before you start writing, discuss your outline during office hours to ensure you're moving in the right direction.

Write the Term Paper

With a detailed structure for your term paper in management outlined and your sources and notes at the ready, you now need to fill each section and subsection with relevant data and your analysis. 

If you're a serial procrastinator and blame it on writer's block, use these tricks our experts swear by:

• Forget writing in order . Start with the section you feel most comfortable with to get into the writing mood and switch to the more complex parts once you're in the flow state.
• Plan short writing sprints . Instead of doing the whole piece in one sitting, set a timer (like a Pomodoro one) for 25 to 60 minutes, turn off your phone and laptop notifications, and do nothing but write as much as you can.
• Ignore mistakes and typos . In a brain dump method, you need to get everything in writing as fast as possible. So ignore anything that seems awkward and wrong; you'll come back to edit it later.
• Let your writing be imperfect . In line with the previous tip, silence your inner perfectionist and critic, and write everything that comes to mind, regardless of the mess it makes on your screen.
• Change the scenery . If your desk is tied to too many memories of staring at the blank screen, get out of your room and go to the library, coffee shop, or a coworking space. Try writing first thing in the morning or between classes. The idea is to break the habit of putting writing away.

Edit, Proofread, and Format the Paper

You should never submit the first draft for grading. Instead, take a short break and revise it. Reread the management term paper aloud or ask a friend to look it over to catch illogical conclusions, unclear transitions, and conflicting arguments. You may need to remove some sentences or add extra evidence to support your claims. 

Once you're happy with the piece's contents, it's time to make it look good through proofreading and formatting. Professional writing software, like Grammarly, can help with the former, while the latter requires a formatting style guide and a keen eye. We urge you to pay attention to in-text citations and the reference list, as inaccurate and missing data can land you in trouble.

How to Choose a Management Term Paper Topic

If you get a free choice of the issue to research, we recommend you pick a topic that fits three simple criteria:

• Relevance . Management theory and principles change as fast as the world around us, so your research question should be relevant to current issues and challenges unless you're working on a historical overview or comparison.
• Passion . Curiosity and desire to learn more should drive research and writing. Your excitement will shine throughout the paper and earn you a better grade than a dull study of a common problem you're completely uninterested in.
• Scope . Consider the word count limit of your term paper in management to narrow the research question. Whenever your topic is too broad, add conditions and limitations to make it more precise and manageable within the required scope.

With these considerations in mind, jump to the category that fits your class and interest, and make the most of the ideas our expert team developed for your inspiration.

Hot Term Paper Topics for Management

To impress your professor with the most relevant and controversial current topic, choose one of the ideas below for your management term paper:

• Evaluating time management as a human resource management tool
• Pandemic-driven issues in international business management
• The post-pandemic challenges for restaurant and hotel establishments
• The impact of a leader's personality on a business' short-term survival
• Identifying vulnerabilities for efficient disaster management
• Evaluating the communication-centric management approach
• The effect of knowledge and innovation management on business success
• Talent-centered approach to HR management
• The impact of blockchain technology on cybersecurity management
• An overview of environmental considerations in the hospitality industry

Principles of Management Term Paper Topics

If you want to go back to the basics or foundation blocks with your management term paper, one of the topics below about the principles of management theory should spark inspiration:

• Time management principles, delegation skills, and stress management techniques among nursing students
• An overview of competitive trends and technologies in business management
• Analyzing organizational sustainability management principles
• The relationship between risk management and quality management principles
• The impact of leadership style on educational management principles implementation
• Special cases of project management principles adoption
• An overview of innovative principles in quality management
• Adoption of lean management principles for efficient construction
• Enhancing management principles in robotized industries
• Evaluating risk management principles in the construction industry

Healthcare Management Term Paper Topics

Whether you study medicine, nursing, or management, a healthcare management term paper is a challenge, but if you choose one of our ideas, your professor will be pleasantly surprised:

• Blockchain applications in smart healthcare management
• An overview of recent advancements in emerging technologies for healthcare management systems
• Ethical issues and challenges of healthcare management throughout Covid-19
• Evaluating the efficiency of digital strategies for healthcare management
• The impact of leadership on healthcare management efficiency
• The benefits of technology implementation in healthcare during the pandemic
• Analytics and optimization possibilities in healthcare management
• The role of management education for healthcare employees holding administrative positions
• The potential of a deep-learning-enabled intelligent healthcare management system
• The value of public-private partnership in healthcare management

Human Resource Management Research Topics

HR management is among the most sought-after and challenging qualifications, so if you choose it to write your leadership term paper about, consider one of the ideas on our list to kickstart your research:

• The benefits of implementing strategic human resource management for SMEs
• The common issues of human resource management in healthcare facilities
• The impact of emerging technologies on human resource management
• The challenges of human resource management in education
• HR management approaches in sustainable development
• An overview of green human resource management methods
• The relationship between leadership and human resource management
• The opportunities of crowdfunding in human resource management
• The role of project human resources management in organizational stability
• Sustainable human resource management and innovation

Project Management Term Paper Topics

Project management is no longer exclusive to the IT sector, and if you wish to tackle it in your management term paper, we recommend you start with one of the topics our experts have developed:

• Evaluating the scope of project management
• Predicting project outcomes in project management
• Conflict management best practices in project management
• An overview of essential project management skills
• Strategies for strengthening project management and improving project quality
• The relationship between project management effort, complexity, and profitability
• Analyzing intersections between sustainability and project management
• The relationship between stakeholder management and project management
• Analysis of project management needs among small businesses
• Evaluating project management efficiency in virtual environment workspaces

Supply Chain Management Topics

Supply management has never been more relevant than it is in the post-pandemic reality, so it's a good subject for a management term paper. And our list of ideas should help you narrow it down further:

• An overview of blockchain applications in supply chain management
• The impact of disruptions of supply chains throughout the Covid-19 pandemic
• Digital transformation potential for supply chain management
• Risk analysis approaches for supply chain management
• The effect of data analytics on supply chain decision-making
• Balancing the art and science of supply chain management
• The benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing in supply chain management
• The adoption barriers of the circular supply chain management model
• The role of leadership in sustainable supply chain management
• An overview of the challenges of green supply chain management

Topics for a Time Management Term Paper

If you want to score the top mark on your term paper on leadership or management and gain valuable skills in the process, consider researching one of the time management topics we've devised:

• The effect of stress on time management efficiency
• Introducing accountability into the time management framework
• The significance of time management in the hospitality industry
• The time management challenges of remote employees
• Effective time management strategies for educational administrators
• The impact of time management on job performance
• An overview of time management tools to combat procrastination
• Perioperative time-management methods to reduce waiting times for elective surgery
• The differences between personal and professional time management skills
• The impact of cultural background differences on students' time management success

Topics for Business Management

Check out ten sample business management term paper topics our pro writers developed to help you choose a relevant issue to research for your Business class:

• An overview of the ethical problems in business management
• The uses of machine learning technology in business management
• Analyzing the relationship between business management and efficiency
• Cybersecurity concerns in business management
• Data analytics applications for business management decision-making
• An overview of conflict mediation approaches in business management
• Implementing a smart business management system for increasing productivity
• Competition-driven resource-based approach to business management
• The impact of digitization on small business management practices
• Integrating accounting and logistics strategy in business management

Topics About Hotel and Restaurant Management

Although hotels and restaurants suffered throughout the pandemic, the industry is reviving, so hospitality management topics become more relevant than ever:

• Conflict management technologies in the hotel and restaurant business
• Improving management efficiency in the hospitality sector
• Establishing effective communication as a part of hotel and restaurant management
• Increasing energy efficiency in the hospitality industry
• Diversification in customer-oriented management of hotel and restaurant businesses
• Customer loyalty management in the hospitality sector
• Improving planning and management in the hotel and restaurant business
• Modern marketing challenges in the hospitality industry
• Corporate management standardization in the hotel and restaurant business
• Brand and PR management of hotel and restaurant enterprises

Risk Management Paper Topics

If you believe a risk management term paper is relevant for any class or major, check out the list of excellent research ideas our experts devised:

• The impact of risk management framework implementation on performance
• The value of enterprise risk management in the life insurance sector
• The biggest failures of risk management in the 21st century
• The effect of strategic risk management on corporate success
• Implementation of stress testing in a business environment
• Analyzing the predictability of extreme events in risk management
• The challenges and opportunities of risk-based capital
• Improving investment efficiency through enterprise risk management
• An overview of portfolio risk management best practices
• The impact of readability of risk management disclosure

Change Management Topics to Write About

Change is the only constant in our reality, so its management is vital for any business and industry. If you're ready to tackle this essential subject, let our ideas inspire you:

• The ethics of business values change management 
• A responsive approach to heritage sustainability change management
• Analyzing the organizational change management model
• The role of digital consciousness in change management
• Developing a change management model for corporate recovery
• An overview of change management approaches in healthcare facilities
• The effect of change management on modern organizational efficiency
• Employee perceptions of changes in performance management systems
• Evaluating the efficiency of purpose-driven change management
• Change management for sales and marketing activities

Operations Management Topics to Research

Day-to-day management is as essential for business success as strategic decision-making, and you will think so as well if you research one of the topics below:

• Establishing performance metrics for operations management
• Socially relevant and inclusive operations management
• The ongoing transformation of operations management research trends
• Implementing predictive analytics insights in operations management
• The implications of shortage economy on operations management
• Evaluating the impact of operations management on hospital performance
• Implementation of blockchain technology for maritime operations management
• The effect of using data analytics in operations management
• An overview of machine learning applications in operations management
• Emerging trends and applications of operational research

Term Paper Topics for Industrial Management

We didn't forget about STEM students and developed exciting industrial management term paper topics for you to research if you're heading towards industrial enterprises after graduation:

• The effect of ecology considerations on modern industrial management
• Industrial management and engineering in the fourth industrial revolution
• Cybersecurity considerations management for the Internet of Things
• Complex processing implementation for industrial waste management
• Optimization approaches to industrial management processes
• Autonomous industrial management via reinforcement learning
• Management of an industrial enterprise sustainable development
• The value of inspection engineering for industrial enterprises
• An overview of regulations regarding sustainable industrial waste management
• The use of information systems in the management of industrial enterprises

Retail Management Term Paper Ideas

Retail is one of the biggest industries, and it comes with multiple managerial challenges. Our experts analyzed the most relevant issues and formulated a list of topics for you to research:

• An overview of food retail management best practices
• The impact of big data analytics on retail management decision-making
• The implementation of intelligent item packing in retail management
• The effect of dynamic retailing development on strategic management
• The differences in customer behavior in offline and digital retail
• An overview of food retail management changes throughout the Covid-19 pandemic
• The benefits and drawbacks of a cloud-based retail management system
• The effects of implementing an automated inventory management system
• The impact of customer requirements and behavior on retail management
• An overview of retail management theories and strategies

Financial Management Term Paper Topics

Individuals and organizations equally suffer from the lack of proper financial management, so we couldn't ignore this vital subject and devised a few intriguing ideas to spark your inspiration:

• Implementing innovative information technology in financial management
• The benefits of teaching financial management from early childhood
• The impact of personality traits on financial decision-making among young entrepreneurs
• An overview of the financial management practices for healthcare facilities
• Financial management tools to ensure enterprise stability
• The differences in financial management for small and large businesses
• The effectiveness of implementing a financial literacy program
• Transparency and accountability of regional financial management
• The impact of modern financial tools on public financial management
• The objectives of financial management and corporate governance

Read also: Great managerial accounting term paper topics for students

And if you're still at a loss about how to write an investment management term paper or how to tackle supply management issues, let our expert writers compose your term papers for order . Get in touch, and we'll connect you with the best person to help you score the top mark.

Management Research Paper Topics

The field of management is an extremely broad discipline that draws upon concepts and ideas from the physical and social sciences, particularly mathematics, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. Within business, the field of management includes research paper topics and ideas also common to marketing, economics, finance, insurance, transportation, accounting, computer technologies, information systems, engineering, and business law.

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code, 300 management research paper topics, corporate planning and strategic management.

Aggregate Planning B2B B2E Management Barriers to Entry Best Practices Brainstorming Business Plan Capacity Planning Content Management System Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Diversification Strategy Divestment Downsizing and Rightsizing Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Environmentalism and Sustainability Exit Strategy Exporting and Importing Franchising Free Trade Agreements and Trading Blocs Futuring Gap Analysis Generic Competitive Strategies Globalization Goals and Goal Setting Group Decision Making Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Location Strategy Long Tail Macroenvironmental Forces Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share Mergers and Acquisitions Miles and Snow Typology Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Open and Closed Systems Operations Strategy Opportunity Cost Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Porter’s Five Forces Model Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Production Planning and Scheduling Results-Only Work Environment Strategic Integration Strategic Planning Failure Strategic Planning Tools Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy in the Global Environment Strategy Levels SWOT Analysis Synergy Upselling Zero-Based Budgeting

EMERGING TOPICS IN MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Affirmative Action Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists Artificial Intelligence Assessment Centers B2B B2E Management Balanced Scorecard Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Business Process Reengineering Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Cellular Manufacturing Chaos Theory Coalition Building Communities of Interest/Communities of Practice Complexity Theory Concurrent Engineering and Design Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Customer Relationship Management Decision Support Systems Diversity Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Empowerment Enterprise Resource Planning Entrepreneurship Environmentalism and Sustainability Ethics Expatriates Expert Systems Five S Framework Flexible Spending Accounts Futuring Handheld Computers Health Savings Accounts Human Resource Information Systems Innovation Instant Messaging Intellectual Property Rights Intrapreneurship Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Metadata or Meta-Analysis Mobile Commerce Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Non-Compete Agreements Outsourcing and Offshoring Paradigm Shift Popular Press Management Books Quality of Work Life Results-Only Work Environment Robotics Social Networking Spirituality in Leadership Succession Planning Telecommunications Vendor Rating Virtual Corporations Women and Minorities in Management

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists Balance Sheets Brainstorming Break-Even Point Budgeting Business Plan Business Structure Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Case Method of Analysis Cash Flow Analysis and Statements Competitive Advantage Consumer Behavior Cost Accounting Customer Relationship Management Diversification Strategy Domestic Management Societies and Associations Due Diligence Economics Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Effectiveness and Efficiency Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios First-Mover Advantage Futuring Gap Analysis Generic Competitive Strategies Income Statements Initial Public Offering Innovation Intellectual Property Rights International Business International Management Societies and Associations Intrapreneurship Inventory Management Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leveraged Buyouts Licensing and Licensing Agreements Location Strategy Macroenvironmental Forces Make-or-Buy Decisions Market Share Marketing Concept and Philosophy Marketing Research Miles and Snow Typology Mission and Vision Statements New Product Development Non-Compete Agreements Organizational Development Outsourcing and Offshoring Patents and Trademarks Planning Poison Pill Strategies Popular Press Management Books Porter’s Five Forces Model Pricing Policy and Strategy Problem Solving Process Management Product Design Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Profit Sharing Research Methods and Processes Scenario Planning Securities and Exchange Commission Shareholders Stakeholders Strategic Planning Tools Strategy Levels Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Synergy Technology Transfer Value Creation Venture Capital Virtual Organizations

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING

Activity-Based Costing Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists Balance Sheets Balanced Scorecard Break-Even Point Budgeting Capacity Planning Cash Flow Analysis and Statements Corporate Social Responsibility Cost Accounting Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Debt vs. Equity Financing Domestic Management Societies and Associations Due Diligence Economics Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Employee Benefits Employee Compensation Executive Compensation Exit Strategy Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios Flexible Spending Accounts Health Savings Accounts Income Statements Initial Public Offering Insider Trading Internal Auditing International Management Societies and Associations International Monetary Fund Inventory Types Leveraged Buyouts Licensing and Licensing Agreements Long Tail Make-or-Buy Decisions Management Control Nonprofit Organizations Opportunity Cost Patents and Trademarks Profit Sharing Purchasing and Procurement Risk Management Securities and Exchange Commission Stakeholders Succession Planning Venture Capital Zero-Based Budgeting

GENERAL MANAGEMENT TOPICS

Aggregate Planning The Art and Science of Management Autonomy B2B B2E Management Balanced Scorecard Barriers to Entry Best Practices Black Friday Brainstorming Budgeting Business Plan Business Structure Communication Competitive Advantage Competitive Intelligence Contingency Approach to Management Continuous Improvement Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Delegation Disaster Recovery Diversity Divestment Downsizing and Rightsizing Economics Effectiveness and Efficiency Electronic Commerce Empowerment Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios Forecasting Generic Competitive Strategies Globalization Goals and Goal Setting Human Resource Management Innovation International Management Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Knowledge Management Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Leadership Theories and Studies Line-and-Staff Organizations Logistics and Transportation Management Control Management Functions Management Information Systems Management Science Management Styles Management Thought Managing Change Mission and Vision Statements Motivation and Motivation Theory Operations Management Organization Theory Organizational Analysis and Planning Organizational Behavior Organizational Chart Organizational Culture Organizational Learning Organizational Structure Organizational Development Organizing Paradigm Shift Participative Management Patents and Trademarks Paternalism Pioneers of Management Planning Process Management Quality and Total Quality Management Request for Proposal/Quotation Social Networking Strategic Integration Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy in the Global Environment Strategy Levels Subject Matter Expert Succession Planning Training Delivery Methods Trends in Organizational Change

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Affirmative Action Artificial Intelligence Assessment Centers Autonomy Nonverbal Communication Brainstorming Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Coalition Building Communication Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Discrimination Diversity Downsizing and Rightsizing Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Employee Assistance Programs Employee Benefits Employee Compensation Employee Evaluation and Performance Appraisals Employee Handbook and Orientation Employee Recruitment Employee Screening and Selection Employment Law and Compliance Empowerment Executive Compensation Flexible Spending Accounts Group Dynamics Health Savings Accounts Human Resource Information Systems Human Resource Management Japanese Management Job Analysis Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Knowledge Workers Mentoring Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Nepotism Non-Compete Agreements Organizational Behavior Organizational Chart Organizational Culture Performance Measurement Personality and Personality Tests Privacy, Privacy Laws, and Workplace Privacy Quality of Work Life Reinforcement Theory Results-Only Work Environment Safety in the Workplace Scalable or JIT Workforce Sensitivity Training Social Networking Stress Succession Planning Sweatshops Task Analysis Teams and Teamwork Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z Time Management Training Delivery Methods Virtual Organizations Women and Minorities in Management

INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Artificial Intelligence Bandwidth Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Communication Competitive Intelligence Complexity Theory Computer Networks Computer Security Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Content Management System Data Processing and Data Management Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Delegation Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Environmentalism and Sustainability Experience and Learning Curves Expert Systems Forecasting Fuzzy Logic Handheld Computers Information Assurance Innovation The Internet Knowledge Centers Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Management Information Systems Manufacturing Control via the Internet Metadata or Meta-Analysis Mobile Commerce Nanotechnology Product Design Project Management Robotics Service-Oriented Architecture Technology Management Technology Transfer Telecommunications Virtual Corporations Virtual Organizations Web 2.0 WiMax

INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL MANAGEMENT

B2B Competitive Advantage Diversity European Union Expatriates Exporting and Importing First-Mover Advantage Franchising Free TradeAgreements and Trading Blocs Futuring Globalization International Business International Management International Management Societies and Associations International Monetary Fund International Organization for Standards Japanese Management Licensing and Licensing Agreements Location Strategy Macroenvironmental Forces Outsourcing and Offshoring Patents and Trademarks Popular Press Management Books Profit Sharing Strategy in the Global Environment Sweatshops Transnational Organization Value-Added Tax Vendor Rating Virtual Organizations World-Class Manufacturer

LEADERSHIP RESEARCH TOPICS

The Art and Science of Management Assessment Centers Best Practices Communication Contingency Approach to Management Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Delegation Domestic Management Societies and Associations Entrepreneurship Executive Compensation Expert Systems Goals and Goal Setting Human Resource Management International Management Societies and Associations Japanese Management Job Analysis Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Leadership Theories and Studies Line-and-Staff Organizations Management and Executive Development Management Functions Management Levels Management Styles Management Thought Managing Change Mechanistic Organizations Mentoring Mission and Vision Statements Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Open and Closed Systems Operant Conditioning Organizational Culture Paradigm Shift Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Pioneers of Management Problem Solving Reinforcement Theory Sensitivity Training Span of Control Spirituality in Leadership Strategy Formulation Succession Planning Teams and Teamwork Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z Women and Minorities in Management

LEGAL ISSUES

Affirmative Action Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Computer Networks Computer Security Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Discrimination Diversity Downsizing and Rightsizing Due Diligence Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Employee Assistance Programs Employee Benefits Employee Compensation Employee Evaluation and Performance Appraisals Employee Recruitment Employee Screening and Selection Employment Law and Compliance Ethics Executive Compensation Human Resource Management Insider Trading Intellectual Property Rights Job Analysis Leveraged Buyouts Management Audit Management Control Mergers and Acquisitions Nepotism Non-Compete Agreements Patents and Trademarks Personality and Personality Tests Privacy, Privacy Laws, and Workplace Privacy Quality of Work Life Risk Management Safety in the Workplace Stress Succession Planning Sunshine Laws Sweatshops Technology Transfer Whistle Blower Women and Minorities in Management

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Balanced Scorecard Bandwidth Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Barriers to Entry Complexity Theory Computer Networks Computer Security Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Content Management System Data Processing and Data Management Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Service-Oriented Architecture Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Systems Design, Development, and Implementation Technology Management Technology Transfer

MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Business Process Reengineering Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Concurrent Engineering and Design Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Expert Systems Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Maintenance Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Models and Modeling Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Operating System Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Product Design Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Project Management Purchasing and Procurement Quality and Total Quality Management Research Methods and Processes Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Scenario Planning Service Operations Service Process Matrix Simulation Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Statistics Subject Matter Expert Systems Analysis Systems Design, Development, and Implementation Technology Transfer Warehousing and Warehouse Management World-Class Manufacturer

PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND ASSESSMENT

Activity-Based Costing Balance Sheets Balanced Scorecard Benchmarking Best Practices Break-Even Point Budgeting Cash Flow Analysis and Statements Continuous Improvement Cost Accounting Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Cycle Time Debt vs. Equity Financing Due Diligence Effectiveness and Efficiency Executive Compensation Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios Forecasting Gap Analysis Goals and Goal Setting Management Audit Management Control Management Information Systems Market Share Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Nepotism Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Performance Measurement Pricing Policy and Strategy Profit Sharing Simulation Stakeholders Value Analysis Value Chain Management Value Creation Vendor Rating Zero-Based Budgeting Zero Sum Game

PERSONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGERS

The Art and Science of Management Brainstorming Coalition Building Communication Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Continuous Improvement Customer Relationship Management Delegation Diversity Employee Assistance Programs Empowerment Entrepreneurship Facilitator Feedback Goals and Goal Setting Group Dynamics Intrapreneurship Knowledge Workers Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Managing Change Mentoring Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Multimedia Organizing Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Planning Popular Press Management Books Problem Solving Profit Sharing Safety in the Workplace Sensitivity Training Spirituality in Leadership Strategic Planning Tools Stress Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Teams and Teamwork Time Management Trends in Organizational Change Value Creation

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Aggregate Planning Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Benchmarking Break-Even Point Business Process Reengineering Cellular Manufacturing Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Concurrent Engineering and Design Continuous Improvement Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Domestic Management Societies and Associations Five S Framework Flexible Manufacturing Forecasting Industrial Relations International Management Societies and Associations Inventory Management Inventory Types Japanese Management Layout Lean Manufacturing and Just-in-Time Production Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Long Tail Maintenance Make-or-Buy Decisions Management Awards Manufacturing Control via the Internet Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share New Product Development Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Outsourcing and Offshoring Participative Management Poka-Yoke Popular Press Management Books Porter’s Five Forces Model Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Project Management Purchasing and Procurement Quality Gurus Quality and Total Quality Management Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Robotics Safety in the Workplace Scalable or JIT Workforce Service Factory Service Industry Service Operations Service Process Matrix Simulation Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Statistics Strategic Integration Supply Chain Management Synergy Teams and Teamwork Technology Management Technology Transfer Theory of Constraints Time-Based Competition Upselling Warehousing and Warehouse Management World-Class Manufacturer

QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Communication Customer Relationship Management Domestic Management Societies and Associations Five S Framework Gap Analysis Goals and Goal Setting Innovation International Management Societies and Associations Japanese Management Management Awards Manufacturing Resources Planning Marketing Research Operations Strategy Opportunity Cost Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Outsourcing and Offshoring Participative Management Popular Press Management Books Productivity Concepts and Measures Quality Gurus Quality and Total Quality Management Quality of Work Life Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Strategic Planning Tools Teams and Teamwork Value Analysis Value Creation Vendor Rating World-Class Manufacturer

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Business Process Reengineering Capacity Planning Cellular Manufacturing Coalition Building Communication Competitive Advantage Competitive Intelligence Computer Networks Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Conflict Management and Negotiation Customer Relationship Management Cycle Time Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Effectiveness and Efficiency Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Enterprise Resource Planning Expert Systems Fulfillment Group Dynamics Industrial Relations Inventory Management Inventory Types Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Lean Manufacturing and Just-in-Time Production Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Long Tail Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Organic Organizations Organizing Poka-Yoke Problem Solving Process Management Product Design Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Purchasing and Procurement Quality and Total Quality Management Reverse Auction Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Risk Management Span of Control Stakeholders Teams and Teamwork Vendor Rating Warehousing and Warehouse Management

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Artificial Intelligence Assessment Centers Autonomy Concurrent Engineering and Design Conflict Management and Negotiation Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Continuous Improvement Corporate Social Responsibility Delegation Domestic Management Societies and Associations Downsizing and Rightsizing Employee Evaluation and Performance Appraisals Employee Handbook and Orientation Goals and Goal Setting Group Decision Making Human Resource Management Innovation Instant Messaging International Management Societies and Associations Job Analysis Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Management and Executive Development Management Audit Marketing Communication Mission and Vision Statements Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Multimedia Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Organizational Culture Organizational Learning Organizing Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Popular Press Management Books Problem Solving Project Management Safety in the Workplace Sensitivity Training Simulation Stress Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Teams and Teamwork Training Delivery Methods Virtual Organizations Women and Minorities in Management

Management has applications in a wide variety of settings and is not limited to business domains. Management tools, as well as the art and science of management, find applications wherever any effort must be planned, organized, or controlled on a significant scale. This includes applications in government, the cultural arts, sports, the military, medicine, education, scientific research, religion, not-for-profit agencies, and in the wide variety of for-profit pursuits of service and manufacturing. Management takes appropriate advantage of technical developments in all the fields it serves.

The growth of the discipline of management has also led to specialization or compartmentalization of the field. These specialties of management make learning and study easier, but at the same time make broad understanding of management more difficult. It is particularly challenging to the entrepreneur and the small business owner to master the subject areas, yet this group is compelled to excel at all management functions to further their business’s success. Management specialties have grown to such an extent it is difficult for any single manager to fully know what management is all about. So rapid have been the strides in recent years in such subjects as decision making, technology, the behavioral sciences, management information systems, and the like, to say nothing of proliferating legislative and governmental regulations affecting business, that constant study and education is required of all managers just to keep current on the latest trends and techniques. Thus, managers and executives need a comprehensive management online reference source to keep up-to-date. Having the management essays and research papers in one comprehensive site saves valuable research time in locating the information.

In the growing age of specialists, there is a growing lack of generalists. Typically, a business manager spends a large percentage of their career developing a great familiarity and proficiency in a specialized field, such as sales, production, shipping, or accounting. The manager develops a very specialized knowledge in this area but may develop only a peripheral knowledge of advances in other areas of management. Yet as these individuals are promoted from a specialist-type position up the organizational chart to a more administrative or generalist supervisory or leadership position, the person with newly enlarged responsibilities suddenly finds that their horizon must extend beyond the given specialty. It must now include more than just a once-superficial understanding of all aspects of managing, including purchasing, manufacturing, advertising and selling, international management, quantitative techniques, human resources management, public relations, research and development, strategic planning, and management information systems. The need for broader management understanding and comprehension continues to increase as individuals are promoted.

This site has as its goal to bridge this gap in understanding and to offer every executive, executive-aspirant, management consultant, and educator and student of management, both comprehensive and authoritative information on all the theories, concepts, and techniques that directly impact the job of management. This reference source strives to make specialists aware of the other functional areas of the management discipline and to give the top manager or administrator who occupies the general manager position new insights into the work of the specialists whom he or she must manage or draw upon in the successful management of others. In addition, this site proposes to make all practitioners aware of the advances in management science and in the behavioral sciences. These disciplines touch upon all areas of specialization because they concern the pervasive problems of decision-making and interpersonal relations.

Every effort has been made to achieve comprehensiveness in choice and coverage of subject matter. The essays provided frequently go far beyond mere definitions and referrals to other sources. They are in-depth treatments, discussing background, subject areas, current applications, and schools of thought. In addition, information may be provided about the kinds of specialists who use the term in a given organization, the degree of current acceptance, and the possibilities for the future as the subject undergoes further development and refinement. Longer essays frequently provide charts, graphs, or examples to aid in understanding the topic.

Browse More Management Research Paper Topics:

• Business Management
• Financial Management
• Operations Management
• Marketing Management
• Performance Management
• Security Management
• Total Quality Management
• Human Resource Management

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How to Write a Term Paper From Start to Finish

The term paper, often regarded as the culmination of a semester's hard work, is a rite of passage for students in pursuit of higher education. Here's an interesting fact to kick things off: Did you know that the term paper's origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, where scholars like Plato and Aristotle utilized written works to explore and document their philosophical musings? Just as these great minds once wrote their thoughts on parchment, you, too, can embark on this intellectual voyage with confidence and skill.

How to Write a Term Paper: Short Description

In this article, we'll delve into the core purpose of this kind of assignment – to showcase your understanding of a subject, your research abilities, and your capacity to communicate complex ideas effectively. But it doesn't stop there. We'll also guide you in the art of creating a well-structured term paper format, a roadmap that will not only keep you on track but also ensure your ideas flow seamlessly and logically. Packed with valuable tips on writing, organization, and time management, this resource promises to equip you with the tools needed to excel in your academic writing.

Understanding What Is a Term Paper

A term paper, a crucial component of your college education, is often assigned towards the conclusion of a semester. It's a vehicle through which educators gauge your comprehension of the course content. Imagine it as a bridge between what you've learned in class and your ability to apply that knowledge to real-world topics.

For instance, in a history course, you might be asked to delve into the causes and consequences of a significant historical event, such as World War II. In a psychology class, your term paper might explore the effects of stress on mental health, or in an environmental science course, you could analyze the impact of climate change on a specific region.

Writing a term paper isn't just about summarizing facts. It requires a blend of organization, deep research, and the art of presenting your findings in a way that's both clear and analytical. This means structuring your arguments logically, citing relevant sources, and critically evaluating the information you've gathered.

For further guidance, we've prepared an insightful guide for you authored by our expert essay writer . It's brimming with practical tips and valuable insights to help you stand out in this academic endeavor and earn the recognition you deserve.

How to Start a Term Paper

Before you start, keep the guidelines for the term paper format firmly in mind. If you have any doubts, don't hesitate to reach out to your instructor for clarification before you begin your research and writing process. And remember, procrastination is your worst enemy in this endeavor. If you're aiming to produce an exceptional piece and secure a top grade, it's essential to plan ahead and allocate dedicated time each day to work on it. Now, let our term paper writing services provide you with some valuable tips to help you on your journey:

• Hone Your Topic : Start by cultivating a learning mindset that empowers you to effectively organize your thoughts. Discover how to research a topic in the section below.
• Hook Your Readers: Initiate a brainstorming session and unleash a barrage of creative ideas to captivate your audience right from the outset. Pose intriguing questions, share compelling anecdotes, offer persuasive statistics, and more.
• Craft a Concise Thesis Statement Example : If you find yourself struggling to encapsulate the main idea of your paper in just a sentence or two, it's time to revisit your initial topic and consider narrowing it down.
• Understand Style Requirements: Your work must adhere to specific formatting guidelines. Delve into details about the APA format and other pertinent regulations in the section provided.
• Delve Deeper with Research : Equipped with a clearer understanding of your objectives, dive into your subject matter with a discerning eye. Ensure that you draw from reputable and reliable sources.
• Begin Writing: Don't obsess over perfection from the get-go. Just start writing, and don't worry about initial imperfections. You can always revise or remove those early sentences later. The key is to initiate the term papers as soon as you've amassed sufficient information.

Ace your term paper with EssayPro 's expert help. Our academic professionals are here to guide you through every step, ensuring your term paper is well-researched, structured, and written to the highest standards.

Term Paper Topics

Selecting the right topic for your term paper is a critical step, one that can significantly impact your overall experience and the quality of your work. While instructors sometimes provide specific topics, there are instances when you have the freedom to choose your own. To guide you on how to write a term paper, consider the following factors when deciding on your dissertation topics :

• Relevance to Assignment Length: Begin by considering the required length of your paper. Whether it's a substantial 10-page paper or a more concise 5-page one, understanding the word count will help you determine the appropriate scope for your subject. This will inform whether your topic should be broad or more narrowly focused.
• Availability of Resources : Investigate the resources at your disposal. Check your school or community library for books and materials that can support your research. Additionally, explore online sources to ensure you have access to a variety of reference materials.
• Complexity and Clarity : Ensure you can effectively explain your chosen topic, regardless of how complex it may seem. If you encounter areas that are challenging to grasp fully, don't hesitate to seek guidance from experts or your professor. Clarity and understanding are key to producing a well-structured term paper.
• Avoiding Overused Concepts : Refrain from choosing overly trendy or overused topics. Mainstream subjects often fail to captivate the interest of your readers or instructors, as they can lead to repetitive content. Instead, opt for a unique angle or approach that adds depth to your paper.
• Manageability and Passion : While passion can drive your choice of topic, it's important to ensure that it is manageable within the given time frame and with the available resources. If necessary, consider scaling down a topic that remains intriguing and motivating to you, ensuring it aligns with your course objectives and personal interests.

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Term Paper Outline

Before embarking on the journey of writing a term paper, it's crucial to establish a well-structured outline. Be mindful of any specific formatting requirements your teacher may have in mind, as these will guide your outline's structure. Here's a basic format to help you get started:

• Cover Page: Begin with a cover page featuring your name, course number, teacher's name, and the deadline date, centered at the top.
• Abstract: Craft a concise summary of your work that informs readers about your paper's topic, its significance, and the key points you'll explore.
• Introduction: Commence your term paper introduction with a clear and compelling statement of your chosen topic. Explain why it's relevant and outline your approach to addressing it.
• Body: This section serves as the meat of academic papers, where you present the primary findings from your research. Provide detailed information about the topic to enhance the reader's understanding. Ensure you incorporate various viewpoints on the issue and conduct a thorough analysis of your research.
• Results: Share the insights and conclusions that your research has led you to. Discuss any shifts in your perspective or understanding that have occurred during the course of your project.
• Discussion: Conclude your term paper with a comprehensive summary of the topic and your findings. You can wrap up with a thought-provoking question or encourage readers to explore the subject further through their own research.

How to Write a Term Paper with 5 Steps

Before you begin your term paper, it's crucial to understand what a term paper proposal entails. This proposal serves as your way to introduce and justify your chosen topic to your instructor, and it must gain approval before you start writing the actual paper.

In your proposal, include recent studies or research related to your topic, along with proper references. Clearly explain the topic's relevance to your course, outline your objectives, and organize your ideas effectively. This helps your instructor grasp your term paper's direction. If needed, you can also seek assistance from our expert writers and buy term paper .

Draft the Abstract

The abstract is a critical element while writing a term paper, and it plays a crucial role in piquing the reader's interest. To create a captivating abstract, consider these key points from our dissertation writing service :

• Conciseness: Keep it short and to the point, around 150-250 words. No need for lengthy explanations.
• Highlight Key Elements: Summarize the problem you're addressing, your research methods, and primary findings or conclusions. For instance, if your paper discusses the impact of social media on mental health, mention your research methods and significant findings.
• Engagement: Make your abstract engaging. Use language that draws readers in. For example, if your paper explores the effects of artificial intelligence on the job market, you might begin with a question like, 'Is AI revolutionizing our work landscape, or should we prepare for the robots to take over?'
• Clarity: Avoid excessive jargon or technical terms to ensure accessibility to a wider audience.

Craft the Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for your entire term paper and should engage readers from the outset. To craft an intriguing introduction, consider these tips:

• Hook Your Audience: Start with a captivating hook, such as a thought-provoking question or a compelling statistic. For example, if your paper explores the impact of smartphone addiction, you could begin with, 'Can you remember the last time you went a whole day without checking your phone?'
• State Your Purpose: Clearly state the purpose of your paper and its relevance. If your term paper is about renewable energy's role in combating climate change, explain why this topic is essential in today's world.
• Provide a Roadmap: Briefly outline how your paper is structured. For instance, if your paper discusses the benefits of mindfulness meditation, mention that you will explore its effects on stress reduction, emotional well-being, and cognitive performance.
• Thesis Statement: Conclude your introduction with a concise thesis statement that encapsulates the central argument or message of your paper. In the case of a term paper on the impact of online education, your thesis might be: 'Online education is revolutionizing learning by providing accessibility, flexibility, and innovative teaching methods.'

Develop the Body Sections: Brainstorming Concepts and Content

Generate ideas and compose text: body sections.

The body of your term paper is where you present your research, arguments, and analysis. To generate ideas and write engaging text in the body sections, consider these strategies from our research paper writer :

• Structure Your Ideas: Organize your paper into sections or paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of your topic. For example, if your term paper explores the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships, you might have sections on communication patterns, privacy concerns, and emotional well-being.
• Support with Evidence: Back up your arguments with credible evidence, such as data, research findings, or expert opinions. For instance, when discussing the effects of social media on mental health, you can include statistics on social media usage and its correlation with anxiety or depression.
• Offer Diverse Perspectives: Acknowledge and explore various viewpoints on the topic. When writing about the pros and cons of genetic engineering, present both the potential benefits, like disease prevention, and the ethical concerns associated with altering human genetics.
• Use Engaging Examples: Incorporate real-life examples to illustrate your points. If your paper discusses the consequences of climate change, share specific instances of extreme weather events or environmental degradation to make the topic relatable.
• Ask Thought-Provoking Questions: Integrate questions throughout your text to engage readers and stimulate critical thinking. In a term paper on the future of artificial intelligence, you might ask, 'How will AI impact job markets and the concept of work in the coming years?'

Formulate the Conclusion

The conclusion section should provide a satisfying wrap-up of your arguments and insights. To craft a compelling term paper example conclusion, follow these steps:

• Revisit Your Thesis: Begin by restating your thesis statement. This reinforces the central message of your paper. For example, if your thesis is about the importance of biodiversity conservation, reiterate that biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance and human well-being.
• Summarize Key Points: Briefly recap the main points you've discussed in the body of your paper. For instance, if you've been exploring the impact of globalization on local economies, summarize the effects on industries, job markets, and cultural diversity.
• Emphasize Your Main Argument: Reaffirm the significance of your thesis and the overall message of your paper. Discuss why your findings are important or relevant in a broader context. If your term paper discusses the advantages of renewable energy, underscore its potential to combat climate change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
• Offer a Thoughtful Reflection: Share your own reflections or insights about the topic. How has your understanding evolved during your research? Have you uncovered any unexpected findings or implications? If your paper discusses the future of space exploration, consider what it means for humanity's quest to explore the cosmos.
• End with Impact: Conclude your term paper with a powerful closing statement. You can leave the reader with a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a reflection on the broader implications of your topic. For instance, if your paper is about the ethics of artificial intelligence, you could finish by asking, 'As AI continues to advance, what ethical considerations will guide our choices and decisions?'

Edit and Enhance the Initial Draft

After completing your initial draft, the revision and polishing phase is essential for improving your paper. Here's how to refine your work efficiently:

• Take a Break: Step back and return to your paper with a fresh perspective.
• Structure Check: Ensure your paper flows logically and transitions smoothly from the introduction to the conclusion.
• Clarity and Conciseness: Trim excess words for clarity and precision.
• Grammar and Style: Proofread for errors and ensure consistent style.
• Citations and References: Double-check your citations and reference list.
• Peer Review: Seek feedback from peers or professors for valuable insights.
• Enhance Intro and Conclusion: Make your introduction and conclusion engaging and impactful.
• Coherence Check: Ensure your arguments support your thesis consistently.
• Read Aloud: Reading your paper aloud helps identify issues.
• Final Proofread: Perform a thorough proofread to catch any remaining errors.

Term Paper Format

When formatting your term paper, consider its length and the required citation style, which depends on your research topic. Proper referencing is crucial to avoid plagiarism in academic writing. Common citation styles include APA and MLA.

If unsure how to cite term paper for social sciences, use the APA format, including the author's name, book title, publication year, publisher, and location when citing a book.

For liberal arts and humanities, MLA is common, requiring the publication name, date, and location for referencing.

Adhering to the appropriate term paper format and citation style ensures an organized and academically sound paper. Follow your instructor's guidelines for a polished and successful paper.

Term Paper Example

To access our term paper example, simply click the button below.

The timeline of events from 1776 to 1861, that, in the end, prompted the American Civil War, describes and relates to a number of subjects modern historians acknowledge as the origins and causes of the Civil War. In fact, pre-Civil War events had both long-term and short-term influences on the War—such as the election of Abraham Lincoln as the American president in 1860 that led to the Fall of Fort Sumter in April of the same year. In that period, contentions that surrounded states’ rights progressively exploded in Congress—since they were the initial events that formed after independence. Congress focused on resolving significant issues that affected the states, which led to further issues. In that order, the US’s history from 1776 to 1861 provides a rich history, as politicians brought forth dissimilarities, dissections, and tensions between the Southern US & the people of slave states, and the Northern states that were loyal to the Union. The events that unfolded from the period of 1776 to 1861 involved a series of issues because they promoted the great sectional crisis that led to political divisions and the build-up to the Civil War that made the North and the South seem like distinctive and timeless regions that predated the crisis itself.

Final Thoughts

In closing, approach the task of writing term papers with determination and a positive outlook. Begin well in advance, maintain organization, and have faith in your capabilities. Don't hesitate to seek assistance if required, and express your individual perspective with confidence. You're more than capable of succeeding in this endeavor!

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Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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Management Term Papers Samples For Students

805 samples of this type

Do you feel the need to examine some previously written Term Papers on Management before you start writing an own piece? In this open-access directory of Management Term Paper examples, you are provided with an exciting opportunity to discover meaningful topics, content structuring techniques, text flow, formatting styles, and other academically acclaimed writing practices. Adopting them while composing your own Management Term Paper will surely allow you to finalize the piece faster.

Presenting the finest samples isn't the only way our free essays service can aid students in their writing efforts – our experts can also create from point zero a fully customized Term Paper on Management that would make a solid basis for your own academic work.

Ethics and Scandals Term Paper Sample

English proposal instructions term paper examples.

Most employees in international organizations are charged with the responsibility of writing instructions proposals. A clear step by step outline of proposal instruction is presented below.

Sample Term Paper On Business Major

Introduction.

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Term Paper On Ehics and Moral Values in the Society

The focus on this paper mainly highlights on the field of ethics and moral values in the society we live in. The paper will draw from different incidences in the history of humanity that led to calamities that would have otherwise been avoided through discipline and active carefulness by individuals involved in the incidences. The administration of any organization should always be held responsible for any shortcomings or disasters that occur at the work place due to negligence or assumption. It is their sole responsibility to cover their working staff y properly insuring and assuring their lives.

Roaring Dragon Hotel Term Paper

Roaring Dragon Hotel is a three star that once had the repute of an outstanding service provider in the market, but later lost this reputation due to poor management. The initial management practices at RDH were based on planned economy. However, failure to change these management practices to fit the expanding economy led to declining popularity and hence declining income of the company. The initial plan to salvage the company was made by the provincial government and involved replacing the hotel’s management with an international management by HI through Paul Fortune.

What Is It And Why Is It Important Term Paper

Example of responsibility of the chief of police term paper, management and supervision in law enforcement.

All Police departments are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that law and order is maintained (Miller & Frank, 1999). The Chief of Police for the South Podunk Municipal Police Department is no exception. The major task among other issues is to take a number of progressive steps about addressing the security needs of the residents within Podunk Municipality. While the chief and the department are empowered with the authority to ensure maximum security and order within their limits, they are also expected to maintain and uphold high ethical and professional standards free of corruption and other vices of workmanship.

Mission statement

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Organizational structure influences the service delivery of the organization. Different organizational structures are used in healthcare organizations. These include bureaucratic structure, matrix, flat structure and hybrid organizational structure. Common in most health organizations is the bureaucratic structure that uses a top-down approach of management. However, due to certain challenges, organizations are using a hybrid organizational structure, as it eliminates the problems of using a single organizational structure.

Bureaucratic Organizations

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Information systems have developed in its use in organizations. There have been developments and issues that have been implemented for the purpose of iadopting information systems in organizations. This paper will focus on the concept of databases in organizations.

Overview of database concept

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Human Resources

Example Of Global Finance, Inc Term Paper

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A workplace require many things be it employee perks or flexible working hours, work-life balance programs or health insurances, either Onsite health benefits or employee development, great atmosphere to work with or employee rewards, all of these if provided to the employees’ they would remain sincere and motivated towards their work. This research paper seeks to know whether Marriot International Fulfills all the employees’ wants and demands for the place they would like to work at. The research has concluded that Marriott promises and has proved to be the best place the employees’ would want to work at.

Marriot International

Good term paper on legal environment/total rewards.

The legal system is present in all aspects of our lives to ensure that everything in life is fair and is done with a particular protocol. The labour market is not exempt from laws. It is an area that especially needs legality for it to function properly. Employees are otherwise powerless in determining their wages and treatment. Laws ensure that they have power and a voice. Without legality, the labour market will be a flood of unfair payment under unscrupulous employers.

Law in remuneration

Example of term paper on theories of organization: technology, cloud computing: installation and maintenance of energy efficient data management term paper example.

(Author’s Full Name) (Institution Name)

Introduction (write small paragraphs on each point)

- How data centers’ requirement for electricity has increased? - Provide a brief analysis of energy consumption patterns between various public and private cloud devices. (Use data from the 5th annotated biography source) - How is this affecting our environment? - Explain how cloud computing can ensure energy-efficient computing power of computers. (Use data from the 5th annotated biography source). - There is a dire need to construct energy solutions for data centers and that energy efficiency for cloud computing is essential. (Thesis Statement).

Main Body (small paragraphs on each point)

Cost behavior term paper sample.

This essay intends to examine a comparative analysis between Coco Cola Company and Pepsi for the years 2012 and 2013. The analysis is focused on the revenues, cost of goods sold, account receivables, account payables and inventory. These items are critical in understanding the financial position of the company as well as the size of niche it occupies in the market (Friedman, 2012). Comparing the tow companies using the listed items will help both the individual shareholders, mangers and interested investors to maker decisions. However, in this case, the managerial benefits from this analysis will be considered.

The case of Coca Cola Company

Example of the shareholder (stockholder) and stakeholder theories of corporate purpose term paper, good term paper on criminal law:, how good people make tough choices: resolving the dilemmas of ethical living, performance appraisal is it worth it term paper, executive summary.

This research is conducted to give a clear perspective on how important and beneficial is performance appraisal is to our organizations. This report also gives us a view to evaluate ourselves based on the various stages of employee performance, helping to carry out a self-performance appraisal. Exhausting all pages of this study will give us an understanding on the differences in the methods of performance appraisal used by Organizations and why understanding the methods are important.

Free Term Paper About He That Loves Reading Has Everything Within His Reach

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Term Papers on Management

Every business requires efficient management to keep the company running without hurdles. If the management of a business is highly skilled, the business is bound to make progress. Currently all management schools have subjects that require students to submit term reports at semester end. These management term reports carry a good percentage of the overall subject score. Hence, Researchomatic’s target is to provide these students with a vast range of topics for review from the past literature.

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90 outstanding management paper topics to use.

Despite your status, management is an aspect that you cannot avoid. From how you spend your pocket money to how you go about your daily activities, management is at the centre of it all. That is why you need quality management paper topics.

Coming up with such a topic is a two-edged sword; it is easy yet difficult at the same time. Many students find it difficult crafting such a topic because of its broad nature. Those who find it easy to handle such a task is as a result of practice and thorough research.

However, to be successful, you have to focus on the practical aspects of management. Use the factual statistics and data to make an informed decision on which topic to settle on for your paper.

Ensure that the topic you are handling brings a fresh perspective, not the old, boring fairy tales. To help you get what we mean by this, we have put together a list of 80+ professionally written management topics for research paper.

Healthcare Management Research Paper Topics

• What is the responsibility of nurses in managing the affairs of patients?
• Discuss problems that patients encounter when dealing with the administration
• How have hospital management practices evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Management faults that lower the reputation of hospitals
• Effective software that hospitals can use for records management
• How hospitals can deal with a financial crisis and recover
• Loopholes in the management of patient’s records in hospitals

Human Resource Management Research Paper Topics

• The role of a good human resource system for any company
• Should companies provide stipends for increasing the working efficiency of human resources?
• How appraisals and incentives help to increase productivity levels
• How to identify the missing links in the human resource system
• Effective criteria for promoting and demoting human resources
• The impact of coronavirus on the effectiveness and productivity of human resources
• Will the future workforce work remotely from home?

Project Management Research Paper Topics

• How to effectively deal with team conflicts
• Is digital technology a game-changer in project management?
• Principles and dynamics of project management in 2023
• Analyze the impact of coronavirus on project management
• What causes project delay and how to avoid it
• Considerations for project selection and suitability
• Project management soft skills that every manager should have

Supply Chain Management Research Paper Topics

• Success factors of digital transformation in supply chain management
• The impact of cross-functional collaboration when making decisions
• The relationship between block-chain and sustainable project management?
• Factors affecting the application of IoT on supply chain
• Evaluate the use of technology in modern-day supply and management
• Strategies to reduce costs in the supply chain management process
• The influence of Green supply chain management practices

Management Information Systems Research Paper Topics

• Is it possible to achieve satisfactory management information systems
• Efforts in MIS that paint a picture for future progress
• Impact of online MIS in data archival and retrieval
• MIS that can be used by schools during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Should businesses incorporate online MISs in their operations?
• The importance of having superior MISs in cost reduction
• How MISs have led to economic growth and development

Research Paper Topics For Business Management

• How to deal with challenges in a business start-up
• Business ethics that promote development and growth
• How to regulate diversity in the workplace and achieve maximum productivity
• Why owning your own business is better than franchising
• Why you should invest in online advertising as a business
• Ways of creating healthy work environments in the digital age
• Are women better business managers than men?

Research Paper Topics About Hotel and Restaurant Management

• How to handle guests effectively during the coronavirus pandemic
• Are fast-food restaurants really ‘fast’ per se?
• How to make affordable hotel & restaurant costs without incurring losses
• Why most, if not all hotel staff dress in white and black
• Analyze the location of hotels & restaurants
• How to deal with customer complaints arising from poor services
• Ways of achieving social distance in fast food restaurants

Risk Management Topics Paper

• How to best manage a terrorist attack in a hotel
• Can we detect natural disasters before they occur and manage them?
• Risk management tools for a nuclear energy processing plant
• How to effectively conduct a security drill without hurting anyone
• Best methods for dealing with operational risk management
• How to protect assets in financial risk management
• Ways of dealing with occupational hazards in dangerous work environments

College Management Information System Research Paper Topics

• Discuss the various applications of IT in MIS and its success
• Explore how MIS is applicable in marketing and market research
• How managers use MIS to inform their decision-making process
• Investigate ways in which MIS meets business needs
• Explain the role of data preservation in Management Information Systems
• Improving business management through strategic business modelling and simulation
• Identify the available business intelligence tools and techniques
• How to align MIS to the prevailing business needs

Change Management Research Paper Topics

• Using culture as a determinant for change in a multi-cultural company
• Why you should first build a change agent network before implementing the process
• How to implement change management that meets your specific environment
• Why you need different minds in the changing ecosystem
• How change management leads to business sustainability
• Review how Google implements their change management practices
• Compare and contrast change management in the private and public sectors
• Human factors that hinder change management

Research Paper Topics Hospitality Management

• Are the health and safety regulations too tough for hotels?
• How to ensure satisfactory hospitality services to all
• Discuss how the hospitality industry can retain its customers
• How to treat local and international tourists
• Evaluate the variations in hospitality services between different countries
• How to deal with a disappointed client in a hotel
• How have the new travel restrictions affected the hospitality industry?
• Ways of improving ecotourism in 2023

Operations Management Topics For Paper

• How to improve vertical and horizontal communication
• The role of human resources in enhancing operations management
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing logistic operations?
• Compare and contrast the operations management systems for B2B and B2C companies
• Operational risks involved in a chemical processing plant and how to minimize
• Discuss the unique differences between operations management for products and services
• The role of operations management in forecasting market trends
• A case study analysis of operations management in an infectious disease unit
• Examine the role of the government in creating sustainable businesses
• Discuss different techniques involved in operations management

Topics in management should not give you sleepless nights. You can pick one of those listed above or seek expert paper writing help online at affordable rates today.

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Human Resource Management, Term Paper Example

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Words: 2326

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The role of Human Resource Management is to create a positive work environment to attract and develop the best people for any given company.  There are many factors that Human Resources must monitor on a regular basis.  This includes but is not limited to, equal employment opportunities, affirmative action, human resource planning, recruitment and selection.  They also address development, compensation, benefits, as well as employee and labor relations.  Human resources are required to wear many hats to provide a fair, safe, and beneficial workplace for all employees.

Human Resource Management must maintain and enforce many different areas to benefit the best interest of the company and the employees equally. Human Resources has a responsibility to ensure that equal employment opportunities and affirmative action is imposed.  Today’s societal structure is vastly diverse in race, gender, disabilities, religion, and orientation to pinpoint the most common factors.  All too often we read or hear of situations where people were discriminated against based on minority characteristics.  There have also been cases where minorities were terminated based on other factors outside of job ability and performance.  Human Resource Management is educated to know the laws as well as the importance of a diverse work force.  “Strong EEO and Affirmative Action plans play vital roles in the management of diversity. They are stepping stones to valuing diversity wherein differences are identified and an atmosphere is created that promotes respect for these differences as well as ways to benefit from them.” (The National Treasury Employees Union) This topic should be obvious, but there was a lot of gained incite that I personally did not facilitate.  The importance as well as the benefit that comes along with diversity.  There are laws in place to protect EEO and Affirmative Action; however it is each individual company’s responsibility to make sure that they are being followed.  The company must remain informed on changing guidelines and laws, for example the Americans with Disabilities Act.  EEO and affirmative action is essential for my own individual future in my current and impending work place environments.  By understanding my personal role as a Human Resource Managers and the best way to go about enforcing this, this will be a valuable guiding tool regardless of what company I am employed by.  Acknowledging and respecting the differences that encompass every person will allow me to grow, both in my career and in my personal life.

Human Resource Managers plays a vital role in planning, recruitment and selection.  When a company has a need, Human Resources has to determine how to create this position.  They have to determine the level, department, pay, supervisor and benefits that go along with planning for a position.  They often work with the manager to outline the job responsibilities and position.  The main issues associated with planning are balancing the ability to remain competitive and preserving the best interest of the company.  Once the job requirements are determined and an appropriate balance is met, the next step would be recruitment.   This can be done in many ways such as job fairs, college recruitments, internet job postings, walk-ins, and referrals.  In order for the recruitment to be successful, there has to be a complete and thorough plan for the position at hand.  The selection then needs to be dependent upon such factors as education, experience, and skills or ability tests.  If the interview is conducted by an untrained individual, the selection process will most likely be handled through gross subjectivity and personal bias.  Inevitably the company will not get the best employee for the position if it’s based on a personal bias.  The principle of planning, recruiting and proper selection is to get the most qualified candidate to fill the position. This cuts down on cost associated with turnover, rehiring, and training.  As a Human Resource Manager, again, I will personally be responsible for designing positions, determining needs, finding and interviewing candidates and selecting the best options based on those needs.  Having expanded on this topic in depth, I feel I am better armed for my future career to handle recruitment in its entirety as necessary.

Human resource development (HRD) is another critical area in human resource management.  HRD includes areas such as career planning, training, career development, organizational development and performance appraisal.  Ruiz Food Products, established in 1964 has grown from a small home based business to a large commercial company.  Their success has been largely attributed to their Human Resource department and its commitment to the development of their employees.  Their staff is predominately Hispanic.  In fact, around 80% of the staff speaks Spanish.   The Human Resource department created and “on-site, corporate education center which started out as a place where employees could learn English.  This facility has expanded to be a skills-learning center where workers can get technical training, build management acuity through such seminars as Getting to know your team effectively and increase their literacy skills in Spanish.” (Laabs 1993)  As a result, they have had a very low turn over rate, and production seems to be steadily increasing.  The company attributes their success to their employees.   Many companies face issues associated with human resource development, simply because development covers such a broad area.   Much like Ruiz Food Company, they saw an opportunity where their employees could benefit from development, and implemented necessary programs.  Many companies could benefit from training or seminars that can develop their employees not only professionally, but perhaps even personally.  Development consists of more than the obvious training of employees.  This can include human resource development.  They should be looking for ways to improve themselves and the employees for the betterment of the company.   This class helped me with my current and future workplace endeavors simply by broadening the understanding of what human resource development covers.  Seeing how many different areas this can span to, helps prepare me mainly professionally, but personally as well to think outside of the box.  Also, the importance of development and the success that others like Ruiz Food Products has had.

Compensation and benefits is a very valuable tool in getting and retaining qualified employees.  This is a factor that can help in hiring employees and enhancing morale as well as productivity.  The main issue in compensation and benefits is maintaining profitability while being competitive within your market.  Benefits such as 403B and insurances are important to most applicants.  These are considered part of the employee’s salaries, even though it’s not paid the same as a paycheck.  Compensation is not limited to the amount of yearly salary awarded to the employee.  Profit sharing, even though this is not as common of a form, bonuses, and yearly incentives are all classified as compensations and benefits.  These benefit the company and employees alike in the fact that the employee has the opportunity to make more money, and the company does not have to pay unless they reach such set standards above and beyond what they classify as minimum.   For example, a used car sales person is expected to sell ten used cars a month.   In return they get four percent of the sales as their compensation or salary.   Now if the employee sells twenty cars, they get six percent of the sales.  The company obviously benefits from the double sales, so the extra two percent paid to the employee really benefits both of them.   In my future carreer endeavors, I feel I have been enlightened to the difference that is associated with compensation and benefits.  There is a way to create a competitive compensation package that could benefit both the employee and the company.

Safety and health of the employees is also a responsibility that falls onto Human Resources.  Some of the main issues are ensuring the overall safety and well being of everyone in the building.  This means following safety rules and regulations, as well as preventing potential dangerous situations.  “Employees who work in a healthy and safe environment are more likely to be productive. Safety involves protecting employees from work-related accidents and injuries.  Health activities seek to prevent illness and provide for general physical and mental well being.” (Five Functional Areas of Human Resource Management)  The health aspect is included within the benefits for the employees.  This includes health care, both mental and physical.  The most productive employees are healthy employees, and most companies want to make sure their employees are healthy.   A new understanding that I personally obtained within this class was Human Resources’ role in safety and health.  My prior assumptions were that this responsibility lied within upper management and department managers.  However, Human Resources in a way is the glue holding the employees and the company together, it does make logical sense on how this responsibility lies on HRMs as well.  This, along with all the other areas address in this paper and class are going to be essential for my long-term success in my carreer.  Fully understanding the functional areas of Human Resource Management will provide a solid basis for maintaining my current position or obtaining a new one.

The last topic is employee and labor relations.  Under employee and labor relations, Human Resources are responsible for contract administration, grievance administration, collective bargaining, disciplinary actions, employee relations issues, Americans with Disabilities Act compliance, and Freedom of information Act compliance.  Contract administration means that Human Resources follow up with implementation and compliance for all contract employees.  In addition, they review and suggest revisions based on the best interest of both the company and the employees as necessary.  Grievance administration is a means to deal with labor agreements or disagreements and disgruntle employees.   It typically has a committee that handles all mediation and arbitration.  The goal is to resolve the issue for all parties involved without it escalating any further.   This typically starts with interviewing the relevant individuals and then having a meeting with the panel or committee once all sides have been investigated.  Human Resources handles collective bargaining as well.  This is typically a negotiation of employees to work with their employers.  This could include contract changes, such as hours, benefits, rules and working conditions.  Once an agreement is made by the employer and employee, they both sign the contract for a set period of time.  Human Resources also addresses disciplinary actions with the managers.  They offer consulting and advise on their recommendations of appropriate disciplinary actions.  The manager has the final say on the disciplinary course of action; however, they typically consult with human resources because of the laws and potential legal ramifications if handled incorrectly.

Employee relation issues cover any issues that arise between the employee and the employer, or employee with employee.  This function is to provide an opportunity to have a healthy relationship between everyone employed at the company.  It is essential for everyone to be comfortable with each other to have a positive work environment.  Human Resources’ employees are educated to step in and mediate in situations where employees or managers fail to cooperate.  HMR is also responsible for the Americans with Disabilities Act compliance.  This ensures that the company is in compliance with certain rights for individuals with disabilities.  It also requires the company to be up to standards with the facility requirements for individuals with disabilities to be able to get into the building.  It also prevents discrimination and keeps the company from being liable for such accusations.  The final area is Freedom of information Act compliance.  This relates to handling and addressing and information needing disclosed for legal matters.  There are specific laws in place to address exactly what can and cannot be released and for what purpose.  Human Resources is responsible for following up and maintaining compliance regulations.   Again, knowing that what these responsibilities entail will help me in my current and future work situations.                                                            Every aspect of human resources discussed in this paper has an important function.  This includes equal employment opportunities, affirmative action, human resource planning, recruitment, selection, development, compensation, benefits, and employee and labor relations.  In order for equal opportunity to work, affirmative action has to be acknowledged.  No Human Resource department will have the success they want without knowing the functions and responsibilities of the department and how they all intertwine.  Planning and recruitment are also directly correlated with EEO and affirmative action as well.  Determining the best candidate for any created position requires them to be free of any personal biases.   Development and compensation are directly related to the position planned and the employee hired.  With out following the other aspects discussed in this paper, there would be no determined compensation package or training.  Benefits, employee and labor relations still tie back to the employee being considered, interviewed, hired and trained.  There is no one facet that is more important than the other.   To leave out one piece of the puzzle will alter its functionally negatively.  Human Resource Management’s role can be optimized for shaping the organization and employees behavior by following these important aspects.  In a way, they are the ones who hold the company together and create the best possible work environment for their employees.   They also ensure the company is profitable while still being competitive and maintaining all laws and regulations.  Human Resource Managers has to be able to wear many hats to successfully do their job.

Human Resource Management must maintain and enforce many different areas to benefit the best interest of the company and the employees equally. Maintaining standards, current laws and the best interest of not only the company but also the employees will ensure that Human Resources is successful in their job.  No company can be successful without its employees and no employees without their company.  Understanding and following the responsibilities listed above will be a great way to start as a successful Human Resource Manager.

The National Treasury Employees Union, “Strategic Plan for Agency Diversity Management,” Washington, D.C., p. 3

Laabs, Jennifer J. (1993) Business Growth Driven by Staff Development. Personnel Journal; Apr 1993; 72, 4; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 120

Five Functional Areas of Human Resource Management.  Retrieved from:                                     http://www.elearnportal.com/courses/management/introduction-to-human-resource-management/introduction-to-human-resource-management-human-resource-functions-in-vario

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How To Write a Term Paper: A Guide That Works

30 June, 2020

16 minutes read

Author:  Mathieu Johnson

Once you’ve started your university career, you are going to be asked to present a term paper. What’s the difference between a term paper and a research paper? How can you write a good term? What’s the best way to structure it? Where can you find some tips to make the writing process faster? In this article, we’ll discuss a few tips to help you prepare a term paper quickly and professionally.

What Is a Term Paper… And What Is The First Step?

A term paper is a critical and analytical report on the topic or subject that you covered within the course of studies. It usually consists of two separate but equally important aspects: your own thoughts about the topic and a demonstration of your understanding of the existing literature. The main goal of this assignment is to summarize the material you learned and showcase your understanding of the topic. This aspect makes the term paper a universal instrument for assessing a student’s proficiency. It also explains why term papers cost so many points of your course grade.

We usually associate a term paper with a research paper , but although the concepts are quite similar, a research paper requires a more academic approach and a deeper investigation into the literature of your field of study.

To write an outstanding college term paper, you must understand that your professor has requested it in order to test your analytical thinking skills. You must collect relevant data, analyze it, and then make a summary or solve a particular problem. Such skills are highly relevant to the business world, so this type of the task is as practical as it is educational.

So, let’s start the preparation!

Before you begin writing

Unfortunately, there is no magical recipe that allows you to get everything done fast. You will need to choose the best way forward in whatever situation you find yourself, but here are some tips to help you prepare for the assignment.

To begin with, take the research stage seriously . Sometimes, when students are really interested in a topic, they only want to present their personal ideas about the problem. Unfortunately, if you’re not completely familiar with all the data from the various sources, you will need to reinvent the bicycle.

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In the initial stages of your research, investigate everything you can find on the topic . This may sound like a tall order, but you’ll find that it doesn’t actually entail that much reading. At this point you are only compiling the research, so you will be skimming through numerous prospects rather than reading them completely. Bear in mind that your aim is to get acquainted with the various aspects of your problem. The term paper summarizes the knowledge you gained within a course and requires to familiarize yourself with the research that other people have already made on your topic.

Thinking that your opinions are completely original and unique is quite egocentric, and it can get you into trouble. So, “your” thoughts about the problem are usually just somebody else’s statements that you have rephrased (or even a well-established academic concept!). Remember that your professor will be familiar with all the literature surrounding the issue: if you merely rewrite someone else’s thoughts and present them as your own (even if you don’t realize doing it), be prepared for criticism!

Applying a Structure To Your Term Paper

Once you have read all the leading authors and their approaches to your problem, it’s time to create a structure for your work. This is not yet an outline; you just need to decide what to write about. Sketch out the topic for the theoretical portion of your work and think about practical aspects and how you can approach the research in the best possible way.

At this point, you really need to call or email your supervisor . Your professor will have seen hundreds of term papers like yours (i.e., they have not yet been written, but a definite idea exists!) and will be prepared to give you feedback and advice. He or she will tell you what literature you have omitted, offer suggestions about what you should read, and give you feedback about your paper. It may well be that your approach has already occurred to somebody else, in which case there is no need to repeat it.

Choosing a Topic: Easy as Riding a Bike?

When you choose your topic, make sure you choose something that you are interested in . That’s our advice if you want a painless term paper. If you prefer to investigate a field that you’ve never really explored before, you can challenge yourself to do that, too. That might be sophisticated, but why not?

If you decide to investigate a topic or a problem that you are pretty familiar with, your writing will be more fluid. You will focus your attention on a specific aspect of the chosen field and expand your knowledge within that scope. On the contrary, choosing an unfamiliar subject matter can wash out your expertise.

Be prepared to change the topic if you find out that your research isn’t going anywhere. It might occur that you presuppose that your topic has a potential but somewhere at the stage of initial research, you find that it just won’t work. It’s always a good idea to consider two or three topics when you kick off the term paper writing – even if they are just different ways of examining the same problem. By doing this, you will be able to choose the best version, which may not be the one you started with at all!

Related Post: 100 Persuasive essay topics

Formulating a Thesis statement

Writing a proper thesis statement can also be challenging. To begin with, write down a couple of prominent ideas or concepts, then try to make rough drafts of them to see how they’ll work in the structural framework. You will probably find that one idea fits your style, interests, and knowledge base: you can choose that one as your thesis statement.

Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton, the central concept of your paper. It is the elemental attribute of almost any academic paper – from master’s thesis to a simple five paragraph essay. If you do a thorough job on it, you will find that writing (and defending!) your argument is much easier.

Be aware that all of these stages are parts of a procedure – one leads to another. When writing a term paper, you should collect the material and wrap it up at the same time.

Planning – The Key To Success

Some people claim that they can write a term paper without any planning. In our opinion, this is impossible. If you don’t have a postgraduate degree and you aren’t a certified genius, you need to prepare an outline for your project. It may come as a surprise, but even people who claim otherwise actually prepare outlines – in their heads. But if you don’t have that much experience, use a pencil and your notebook to ensure that you don’t forget anything.

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That’s when we get to preparing your first draft . There’s only one thing to add here: do as many drafts as you need in order to achieve your goal. Understand that your aim is to create an excellent term paper and keep working at it until you are satisfied.

Term Paper Outline: Write Everything In The Proper Section!

In the Introduction , state the topic that you are going to investigate and the context of your work. This is the critical ‘selling’ moment of your work. In a nutshell, your introduction combined with a conclusion should give a sneak peek into what the whole paper is about. If your introduction is well-prepared, it will be quite complacent about the body of your project. The introduction must include an abstract that presents your thesis statement . You should explain your motivation (why should the reader be concerned about this problem?) , your methods (what scientific tools did you use?) , and the results (what you achieved) .

The Literature Review totally corresponds to its name – it is here to review the literature you compiled. Your professor will double check it to make sure that you understand the context of your argument. One more thing to add is: collect all the information you can! Ideally, you should read or at least glance through every book and author that you can find on the topic. Think of your task as a fascinating journey: if you approach it like that, reading hundreds of pages won’t seem like that much of a challenge.

In the Discussion , you must present the interpretations of the problem. Be honest, explain what you pieces of data you don’t agree with and what ideas and concepts you support. This section connects the dots between theory and practice when writing a term paper. Wherever possible, provide several interpretations of the subject matter, then choose the one(s) that are most relevant to the case you are presenting.

In the Body , focus on those arguments that prove your thesis statement. This section must be absolutely logical. If you have chosen a more complicated topic, use heading and sub-headings to improve the appearance of this section. While writing the body, keep your target audience (your professors) in mind. In other words, don’t just record the obvious causes/effects/solutions but also showcase your own findings – what you have discovered and how that proves your thesis statement. Demonstrate that you are familiar with the details and you will stun your readers with the prolific mastery of the topic.

Now, the Conclusion   is her to summarize both the content and the purpose of the paper. The most challenging part is not to make it too dry. Reiterate your thesis statement and briefly show how your results justified your proposition. At the very end, you can suggest a call to action or pose a rhetorical question or statement that leaves your reader wanting more.

What to do next?

When you have finished, reread your work a couple of times. You will almost certainly find a few faults, whether they are contextual, factual, syntactical, grammatical, or even simple spelling mistakes. A very useful tip is to wait for two or three days after writing your final draft to proofread it afterward. Your brain will have time to process the information, and you’ll be able to look at it with a fresh view.

When proofreading, take care to polish the structural problems. The skeleton (the logic and the thesis statement) should make sense. If they don’t, try to approach the problem from another perspective. The changes may take some time, but bear in mind that your objective is to produce professional work. Be patient!

After that, print the term paper. The human eye processes information differently on the paper than on a computer screen; that’s why you need to print it and take one final look for any possible mistakes. Even if you don’t see any serious defects, pay attention to formatting, punctuation, and synonyms. It’s an academic text, so make it shine!

Term Paper Sample

Be sure to check the sample of a term paper, completed by our writers. Use it as an example to perfect your own writing. Link:  Term Paper Sample: Consumer Buying Behavior .

The Do’s and Don’ts of Term Paper Writing

There you have the most important tips to help you succeed in writing a term paper. Now it’s up to you to stop reading and start writing!

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Home » Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Definition:

Term paper is a type of academic writing assignment that is typically assigned to students at the end of a semester or term. It is usually a research-based paper that is meant to demonstrate the student’s understanding of a particular topic, as well as their ability to analyze and synthesize information from various sources.

Term papers are usually longer than other types of academic writing assignments and can range anywhere from 5 to 20 pages or more, depending on the level of study and the specific requirements of the assignment. They often require extensive research and the use of a variety of sources, including books, articles, and other academic publications.

Term Paper Format

The format of a term paper may vary depending on the specific requirements of your professor or institution. However, a typical term paper usually consists of the following sections:

• Title page: This should include the title of your paper, your name, the course name and number, your instructor’s name, and the date.
• Abstract : This is a brief summary of your paper, usually no more than 250 words. It should provide an overview of your topic, the research question or hypothesis, your methodology, and your main findings or conclusions.
• Introduction : This section should introduce your topic and provide background information on the subject. You should also state your research question or hypothesis and explain the importance of your research.
• Literature review : This section should review the existing literature on your topic. You should summarize the key findings and arguments made by other scholars and identify any gaps in the literature that your research aims to address.
• Methodology: This section should describe the methods you used to collect and analyze your data. You should explain your research design, sampling strategy, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
• Results : This section should present your findings. You can use tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate your data.
• Discussion : This section should interpret your findings and explain what they mean in relation to your research question or hypothesis. You should also discuss any limitations of your study and suggest areas for future research.
• Conclusion : This section should summarize your main findings and conclusions. You should also restate the importance of your research and its implications for the field.
• References : This section should list all the sources you cited in your paper using a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
• Appendices : This section should include any additional materials that are relevant to your study but not essential to your main argument (e.g., survey questions, interview transcripts).

Structure of Term Paper

Here’s an example structure for a term paper:

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement

II. Literature Review

A. Overview of current literature on the topic

B. Discussion of key themes and findings from literature

C. Identification of gaps in current literature

III. Methodology

A. Description of research design

B. Discussion of data collection methods

C. Explanation of data analysis techniques

IV. Results

A. Presentation of findings

B. Analysis and interpretation of results

C. Comparison of results with previous studies

V. Discussion

A. Summary of key findings

B. Explanation of how results address the research questions

C. Implications of results for the field

VI. Conclusion

A. Recap of key points

B. Significance of findings

C. Future directions for research

VII. References

A. List of sources cited in the paper

How to Write Term Paper

Here are some steps to help you write a term paper:

• Choose a topic: Choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your course. If your professor has assigned a topic, make sure you understand it and clarify any doubts before you start.
• Research : Conduct research on your topic by gathering information from various sources such as books, academic journals, and online resources. Take notes and organize your information systematically.
• Create an outline : Create an outline of your term paper by arranging your ideas and information in a logical sequence. Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
• Write a thesis statement: Write a clear and concise thesis statement that states the main idea of your paper. Your thesis statement should be included in your introduction.
• Write the introduction: The introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information on your topic, and introduce your thesis statement.
• Write the body : The body of your paper should provide supporting evidence for your thesis statement. Use your research to provide details and examples to support your argument. Make sure to organize your ideas logically and use transition words to connect paragraphs.
• Write the conclusion : The conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Edit and proofread your term paper carefully to ensure that it is free of errors and flows smoothly. Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Format and cite your sources: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your professor and cite your sources properly using the appropriate citation style.
• Submit your paper : Submit your paper on time and according to the instructions provided by your professor.

Term Paper Example

Here’s an example of a term paper:

Title : The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

As the world becomes more digitally interconnected, cybersecurity threats are increasing in frequency and sophistication. Traditional security measures are no longer enough to protect against these threats. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity, including how AI can be used to detect and respond to threats in real-time, the challenges of implementing AI in cybersecurity, and the potential ethical implications of AI-powered security systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their cybersecurity strategies.

Introduction :

The increasing number of cybersecurity threats in recent years has led to a growing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve cybersecurity. AI has the ability to analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate a security breach. Additionally, AI can automate responses to threats, allowing for faster and more effective mitigation of security incidents. However, there are also challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for large amounts of high-quality data, the potential for AI systems to make mistakes, and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in security.

Literature Review:

This section of the paper reviews existing research on the use of AI in cybersecurity. It begins by discussing the types of AI techniques used in cybersecurity, including machine learning, natural language processing, and neural networks. The literature review then explores the advantages of using AI in cybersecurity, such as its ability to detect previously unknown threats and its potential to reduce the workload of security analysts. However, the review also highlights some of the challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for high-quality training data and the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks.

Methodology :

To better understand the challenges and opportunities associated with using AI in cybersecurity, this paper conducted a survey of cybersecurity professionals working in a variety of industries. The survey included questions about the types of AI techniques used in their organizations, the challenges they faced when implementing AI in cybersecurity, and their perceptions of the ethical implications of using AI in security.

The results of the survey showed that while many organizations are interested in using AI in cybersecurity, they face several challenges when implementing these systems. These challenges include the need for high-quality training data, the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks, and the difficulty of integrating AI with existing security systems. Additionally, many respondents expressed concerns about the ethical implications of using AI in security, such as the potential for AI to be biased or to make decisions that are harmful to individuals or society as a whole.

Discussion :

Based on the results of the survey and the existing literature, this paper discusses the potential benefits and risks of using AI in cybersecurity. It also provides recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their security strategies, such as the need to prioritize data quality and to ensure that AI systems are transparent and accountable.

Conclusion :

While there are challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, the potential benefits of using these systems are significant. AI can help organizations detect and respond to threats more quickly and effectively, reducing the risk of security breaches. However, it is important for organizations to be aware of the potential ethical implications of using AI in security and to take steps to ensure that these systems are transparent and accountable.

References:

• Alkhaldi, S., Al-Daraiseh, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2019). A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cyber Security. Journal of Information Security, 10(03), 191-207.
• Gartner. (2019). Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2020/
• Kshetri, N. (2018). Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80-89.
• Lipton, Z. C. (2018). The mythos of model interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.03490.
• Schneier, B. (2019). Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World. WW Norton & Company.
• Wahab, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2020). A Survey on AI Techniques in Cybersecurity. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 11(2), 22-27.

When to Write Term Paper

A term paper is usually a lengthy research paper that is assigned to students at the end of a term or semester. There are several situations when writing a term paper may be required, including:

• As a course requirement: In most cases, a term paper is required as part of the coursework for a particular course. It may be assigned by the instructor as a way of assessing the student’s understanding of the course material.
• To explore a specific topic : A term paper can be an excellent opportunity for students to explore a specific topic of interest in-depth. It allows them to conduct extensive research on the topic and develop their understanding of it.
• To develop critical thinking skills : Writing a term paper requires students to engage in critical thinking and analysis. It helps them to develop their ability to evaluate and interpret information, as well as to present their ideas in a clear and coherent manner.
• To prepare for future academic or professional pursuits: Writing a term paper can be an excellent way for students to prepare for future academic or professional pursuits. It can help them to develop the research and writing skills necessary for success in higher education or in a professional career.

Purpose of Term Paper

The main purposes of a term paper are:

• Demonstrate mastery of a subject: A term paper provides an opportunity for students to showcase their knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. It requires students to research and analyze the topic, and then present their findings in a clear and organized manner.
• Develop critical thinking skills: Writing a term paper requires students to think critically about their subject matter, analyzing various sources and viewpoints, and evaluating evidence to support their arguments.
• Improve writing skills : Writing a term paper helps students improve their writing skills, including organization, clarity, and coherence. It also requires them to follow specific formatting and citation guidelines, which can be valuable skills for future academic and professional endeavors.
• Contribute to academic discourse : A well-written term paper can contribute to academic discourse by presenting new insights, ideas, and arguments that add to the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic.
• Prepare for future research : Writing a term paper can help prepare students for future research, by teaching them how to conduct a literature review, evaluate sources, and formulate research questions and hypotheses. It can also help them develop research skills that they can apply in future academic or professional endeavors.

Advantages of Term Paper

There are several advantages of writing a term paper, including:

• In-depth exploration: Writing a term paper allows you to delve deeper into a specific topic, allowing you to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
• Improved writing skills: Writing a term paper involves extensive research, critical thinking, and the organization of ideas into a cohesive written document. As a result, writing a term paper can improve your writing skills significantly.
• Demonstration of knowledge: A well-written term paper demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the subject matter, which can be beneficial for academic or professional purposes.
• Development of research skills : Writing a term paper requires conducting thorough research, analyzing data, and synthesizing information from various sources. This process can help you develop essential research skills that can be applied in many other areas.
• Enhancement of critical thinking : Writing a term paper encourages you to think critically, evaluate information, and develop well-supported arguments. These skills can be useful in many areas of life, including personal and professional decision-making.
• Preparation for further academic work : Writing a term paper is excellent preparation for more extensive academic projects, such as a thesis or dissertation.

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Term paper MBA-

This term paper has addressed financial crisis of Morgan Moe’s stores as a difficult economic situation in an organization where the economic downturn led to a reduced demand specially for high margin impulse product. The chain had to reverse its strategy of expansion and cut down on jobs. Employees’ insecurity about their jobs was leading to dissatisfaction and negative attitudes. The company was likely to lose more employees, particularly older and more experienced ones, due to the uncertainty. This would push them further towards bankruptcy. To fix the situation, Morgan Moe’s instituted five variants of a performance management system. This report has outlined the results of implementing these systems and their relative effectiveness. It has also focused on how motivation can change the attitude of the employee to find the way out from difficult economic situation of an organization.

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Human resource management (HRM)

• Human Capital Management
• Human Resource Management

It’s often said that people are an organization’s greatest resource. Yet, until fairly recently, human resource  management was not considered as critical to success as other business operations, like marketing, finance or sales. This notion has been largely altered by new technology, globalized markets and changes in organizational hierarchies. Today, business leaders place great emphasis on hiring the right people and keeping them engaged.

What is human resource management?

Human resource management involves creating personnel policies and procedures that support business objectives and strategic plans. Central to this mission is fostering a culture that reflects core values and empowers employees to be as productive as possible.

What are the functions of human resource management?

HR functions can vary depending on industry, businesses size and the types of workers employed. In most cases, the primary objectives are to acquire and cultivate talent and improve communication and cooperation among workforce members. Other key human resource management functions include:

• Job analysis Determining the skills and experience necessary to perform a job well may make it easier to hire the right people, determine appropriate compensation and create training programs.
• Workforce operations Creating health and safety policies, responding to employee grievances, working with labor unions, etc., can help support regulatory compliance.
• Performance measurement Evaluating performance is important because it not only fosters employee growth through constructive feedback, but also serves as a guide for raises, promotions and dismissals.
• Incentive programs Recognizing achievements and rewarding high performers with bonuses and other perks is a proven way of motivating employees to take ownership of business objectives.
• Professional development From orientation to advanced educational programs, employee training serves to improve productivity, reduce turnover and minimize supervisory needs.

HCM Buyer’s Guide: Evaluating integrated HCM solutions

What are the responsibilities of human resource management.

HR professionals generally are tasked with creating and administering programs that improve workplace efficiency and employer-employee relationships. Within this broad assignment are several different, but critical responsibilities, such as:

• Staffing Staffing a business or an individual department requires a number of key steps. Hiring managers must first determine how many new employees the budget can support, then find and interview qualified candidates, and finally, make selections and negotiate compensation.
• Developing workplace policies If it’s determined that a new or revised policy is needed, HR professionals typically consult with executives and other managers, write the supporting documentation and communicate it to employees. Policies may cover vacations, dress codes, disciplinary actions and other types of workplace protocol.
• Administering pay and benefits In order to attract and retain talent, compensation must meet industry standards and be comparable to what other employees in similar roles are being paid. Creating such a fair pay system requires careful consideration of an employee’s years of service with the business, experience level, education and skills.
• Retaining talent Compensation isn’t the only thing that retains talented employees. HR managers may need to proactively address issues with workplace environments, organizational culture and relationships between employees and supervisors.
• Training employees When employees develop new skills, they tend to be more productive and satisfied with their job. Some of the training programs typically run by HR departments include team-building activities, policy and ethics education, and on-the-job instruction and skills, e.g. how to run a machine or computer program.
• Complying with regulations Laws that affect the workplace – whether they’re related to discrimination, health care or wages and hours  – are constantly evolving. HR professionals are required to keep up with these changes and notify the rest of the organization in support of compliance.
• Maintaining safety Safety in the workplace means protecting not just the physical health of employees, but also their private information. To minimize workers’ compensation claims and data breaches, HR must implement security measures and ensure that all federal, state and union standards are met.

Human resource management and small business

While human resource management is important to all businesses, the stakes may be higher for smaller organizations. For example, one incompetent employee in an office of 10 people can be much more detrimental than one in a workforce numbering in the thousands. To improve their people processes, small business owners generally can:

• Assess current operations to determine if new hires are needed or if existing employees and production methods can be utilized more effectively.
• Take an active role in the recruitment process and write job descriptions that match prospective talent to business needs.
• Create an employee handbook or an official document that clearly outlines company policies.
• Provide continuing education opportunities as needed by the particular industry.
• Maintain a work environment where employees are treated fairly and can be productive.

HRM systems and software

Faced with rising numbers of contract-based workers and increasingly complex regulations, HR professionals have turned to HRM software to help them keep pace with changing workforce environments and people management needs. This technology is available with a variety of options to suit businesses of any size. Basic systems may offer recruitment services , payroll and benefits , while more robust solutions tend to include talent management, international compliance support  and advanced analytics.

Why use a human resource management system (HRMS)?

HRMS are designed to meet the core needs of HR and turn basic administrative functions into critical enablers of business value. With the aid of these people-centric, data powered solutions, HR managers may be able to:

• Improve their hiring processes
• Manage people more effectively
• Optimize workforce productivity
• Engage and retain employees
• Eliminate costly redundancies
• Make data-driven decisions
• Maintain regulatory compliance

How to choose a human resources management solution

Finding the right solution often requires a strategic evaluation process, such as the following:

• Identify what the organization would like to accomplish, change or improve and how technology can help achieve those goals.
• Ensure that the HRMS can keep pace with the rapidly changing regulatory and statutory requirements in all applicable jurisdictions (local, state, federal, international, etc.).
• Prioritize security and know exactly how sensitive data will be stored, transferred and backed up.
• Look for implementation models with a change management strategy  that will get the HRMS up and running efficiently.
• Address stakeholder questions, concerns and objections to drive widespread HRMS support.
• Ask about service plans to manage the hundreds of post-payroll tasks necessary for compliance .
• Inquire into the vendor’s financial history and investments in innovation.
• Get outside-in perspective by looking at peer reviews, industry analyst feedback and product demos.

Examples of HRM software

Business leaders and HR professionals who are looking for software to help them accomplish more with less resources generally have three options available to them:

• Human resource information systems (HRIS) – perform core HR functions , like applicant tracking, payroll and benefits administration
• Human resource management systems (HRMS) – offer the benefits of HRIS, plus talent management services
• Human capital management (HCM) solutions – provide a broad suite of HR capabilities, including global payroll and compliance support and in-depth analytics

Why choose ADP for your human resource management needs?

ADP’s HR management solutions automate and streamline key needs so that HR professionals can focus more time on their people and less on paperwork. We offer basic and customized packages with some of the following features:

• Powerful workforce reporting that turns data into a trusted source of decision-making
• Preconfigured new hire templates for a simplified onboarding process
• Self-service and mobile apps so time-sensitive tasks can be performed quickly
• Industry-recognized security to help safeguard sensitive information

Learn more about ADP Workforce Now® HR Management →

Frequently asked questions about HRM

What is human resource management and its functions.

Human resource management is the strategic approach to nurturing and supporting employees and ensuring a positive workplace environment. Its functions vary across different businesses and industries, but typically include recruitment, compensation and benefits, training and development, and employee relations.

What are the three major roles of human resources management?

The job of an HR manager can be broken out into three major roles:

• Administrator Running payroll , writing job descriptions, creating workplace policies and procuring benefits packages are typical of HR administration.
• Change manager HR professionals must monitor regulations and communicate policy or procedural changes with employees to help support compliance.
• Personnel manager Managing people entails resolving conflicts, overseeing training and development, and fostering employee engagement.

What are the five main areas of HR?

HR professionals perform many activities in the pursuit of employee well-being and organizational stability, but their responsibilities generally lie within five main areas:

• Recruitment and staffing – identifying talent gaps, acquiring applicants, arbitrating contracts, maintaining ethical hiring practices
• Compensation and benefits – determining pay scales, approving raises, negotiating benefits packages
• Training and development – onboarding new hires, making educational opportunities available
• Compliance and safety – monitoring legislative changes, implementing safety measures, processing workers’ compensation claims
• Employee relations – resolving employee conflicts, addressing harassment or abuse allegations, working with union leaders

What are seven functions of HR?

Over the years, HR has evolved from a personnel department engaged largely in administration to a strategic partner that works closely with management teams on organizational development. It’s seven key functions today include:

• Strategic planning
• Recruitment
• Training and development
• Compensation and benefits
• Policy creation
• Employee and labor relations
• Risk management

What is HR compliance?

HR compliance means keeping an organization from violating the growing number of employment laws enacted by federal, state and local governments. This responsibility requires HR professionals to monitor and understand regulatory requirements, enforce policies, classify workers correctly, practice fair hiring practices and provide a safe work environment, among other tasks.

This guide is intended to be used as a starting point in analyzing an employer’s HR obligations and is not a comprehensive resource of requirements. It offers practical information concerning the subject matter and is provided with the understanding that ADP is not rendering legal or tax advice or other professional services.

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Term Paper on Scientific Management | Management

Here is a term paper on ‘Scientific Management’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short term papers on ‘Scientific Management’ especially written for school and college students.

Term Paper on Scientific Management

Term Paper Contents:

• Term Paper on the Evaluation of Scientific Management

Term Paper # 1. Meaning of Scientific Ma nagement:

In the words of Taylor, “Scientific Management is the substitution of exact scientific investigations and knowledge for the old individual judgement or opinion in all matters relating to the work done in the shop.” It implies the application of science to the management of a business concern. It aims at replacement of traditional techniques by scientific techniques.

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According to Harlow Pearson, “The term scientific management characterises that form of organisation and procedure in purposive collective efforts which rest on principles and laws derived by the process of scientific investigation and analysis instead of any tradition or policies determined casually by the process of trial and error.”

Scientific management is a process of directing human efforts which employs scientific methods for getting highest productivity. According to Peter F. Drucker, “The thread of scientific management runs through operational study of work, the analysis of work into simplest elements and the systematic improvement of the workers’ performance of each element.”

Scientific management is a thoughtful, organised human approach to the job of management as contrasted with hit or miss, rule of thumb. “It is the art of knowing exactly what you want men to do and then seeing that how they do it in the best and cheapest way.”

Scientific management includes finding the most efficient methods of production, scientific selection and training of workers, proper allotment of duties and work and achieving cooperation between workers and management.

In short, scientific management involves the following:

1. Scientific study and analysis of work;

2. Scientific selection and training of employees; and

3. Standardisation of raw materials, working conditions and equipment.

Term Paper # 2. Principles of Scientific Management:

To facilitate the management to make scientific management operational Taylor suggested the following principles:

(i) Mental Revolution

(ii) Work study

(iii) Standardisation of tools and equipments

(iv) Scientific selection and Training

(v) Differential Piece Rate

(vi) Functional Foremanship.

(i) Mental Revolution :

This refers to changing the mental attitudes of workers and management towards each other. Scientific management could not be thought of without this.

This has three aspects:

(i) All out efforts to increase production.

(ii) Creation of mutual trust and confidence.

(iii) Inculcating and developing scientific attitude towards problems.

To achieve efficient and effective performance management is to standardize materials tools and equipment. To increase the quality and quantity of production management is to select right type of people and expose them to adequate training. Management must create congenial working conditions for optimum efficiency of the workers.

There must be a change in the attitude of workers towards work. They should be disciplined, loyal and sincere in completing the job assigned to them.

They have to avoid waste. Both management and employees should trust each other and cooperate in achieving maximum production.

Thus Taylor advocated a shift in the mental attitude of both employer and employee as they should feel they are partners in progress and welfare and they should not fight with each other.

(ii) Work Study:

Work study means an organised objective, systematic, analytical and critical assessment of the efficiency of various operations in an organisation. It is a generic term which is applied to all techniques which are used in the analysis of human work. In all this will facilitate the investigation of all factors which influence efficiency and the economy of operations.

Work study includes the following techniques:

(a) Method study

(b) Time study

(c) Motion study.

(a) Method Study:

This study is conducted to know the best method of doing a particular job. It tries to reduce the distance travelled by materials and brings improvement in handling, transporting, inspection and stage of materials and finished goods.

(b) Time Study:

This means the establishment standards for performance of each job. This maybe for a job or its elements. This is attempted by observing and recording time required for performance with the help of stop watch.

(c) Motion Study:

Motion study is the study of the movement of an operator or a machine. Its purpose is to eliminate useless motions and finding out the best method of doing a particular job. By undertaking motion study an attempt is made to refine performance by eliminating unnecessary movements and altering the sequence of operations.

(iii) Standardisation of Tools and Equipments :

Taylor advocated standardisation of tools and equipments, cost system and several other items. The management should take efforts to provide standardised work environment and methods of production to the workers. This will reduce spoilage and wastage of materials, improve quality of work, reduce cost of production and reduce the fatigue of workers.

(iv) Scientific Selection and Training:

The management is to design scientific selection procedure with the object of getting the right man for the right job. For this the management has to identify the job requirement i.e. the demand side of the job. Then the recruitment is to be made by identifying the most appropriate qualification, training experience and the level of efficiency for the job.

The selection is to be made in an impartial way in accordance with pre-determined standards. The workers should be specially trained for the jobs they are appointed so that they can perform their jobs effectively.

(v) Differential Piece Rate System :

In wage payment there are two types of payments:

(a) Time Rate

(b) Piece Rate.

(a) Time Rate:

In this system, time is made the basis of payment in irrespective of quantity of work done by a worker. Payment is made at a rate on attendance by hour, day week or a month. Formula for calculating wages is Hours worked x Rate per Hour.

(b) Piece Rate:

In piece rate the payment of wages is made on the basis of quantity of work. A fixed sum per unit of output is given to the worker irrespective of the time taken by him.

Units Produced x Rate per unit.

Under differential piece rate system two piece rates are to be established. The standard of efficiency is determined either in terms of time or output based on time and motion study. The workers are classified achievers or under achievers based on performance. An achiever of the standard is paid a higher piece rate and an under achiever is paid a lower piece rate.

(vi) Functional Foremanship :

The object of this concept is to segregate planning and performance on the shop floor and to introduce specialisation. He recommended the appointment of eight foreman in all to control the various aspects of production. Four are to be in planning department namely route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk and shop disciplinarian. The four foremen recommended for getting the required performance from the workers include gang boss, speed boss, repair boss and inspector.

From the assumptions and the techniques of scientific management the following principles can be identified:

(a) To unite high wages and low labour cost the management is to:

(i) Assign each worker a clearly defined job.

(ii) Provide each worker with such standardised conditions and environment to facilitate him to achieve his tasks with certainty.

(iii) Remunerate each worker with large pay when he accomplishes his task.

(iv) Make sure that when a workman fails, he will be the loser thereby.

(b) The greatest permanent prosperity for workmen and employer comes from doing work with smallest expenditure of human effort, natural resources and invested capital.

(c) By separating the worker’s planning and brain work from manual labour cost of production is lowered.

Term Paper # 3. Advantages of Scientific Management:

Scientific management has resulted in many benefits to employers, employees and to society.

Benefits to Employers :

(i) Replacement of traditional rule of thumb method by scientific investigation.

(ii) Proper selection and training of the workers leading to better workforce.

(iii) Establishing harmonious relationship between the workers and management.

(iv) Standardisation of tools, equipment, materials and work methods for increasing efficiency.

(v) Better utilisation of resources and elimination of waste.

(vi) Scientific determination of fair work to be done during the day.

Benefits to Employees :

(i) Detailed instructions and constant guidance to workers.

(ii) Better working conditions and tools for employees.

(iii) Opportunity for training and development to increase skills.

(iv) Incentive wages to workers who achieve high targets in production.

(v) Minimisation of fatigue in work spot because of application of scientific methods.

Benefits to Society :

(i) Better quality goods at reduced cost.

(ii) Improves standard of living by producing better products.

(iii) Increased productivity in the country.

(iv) Industrial peace in the county.

(v) Technological development due to scientific investigation.

Term Paper # 4. Criticisms of Scientific Management :

Scientific management was criticised by employers, employees and psychologists on various grounds.

Employers’ View Point :

(1) Introduction of scientific management is quite expensive. Huge sums of money are to be spent on standardisation of methods of work, tools and equipment and working conditions. Further the cost also increases to meet the extra cost of planning department.

(2) Reorganisation of work force and working style consumes lot of time. Transition from the existing conditions to the improved conditions affects normal functioning. This not only results in loss but also consumes time. So this cannot be taken up small scale units.

(3) Scientific management is not emphasising cost and financial control. This may lead to inefficiency in the enterprise.

(4) The concept of functional foremanship advocated by is impractical as the organisational set up is to receive command from eight foremen at a time and it can’t satisfy them all.

Criticism by Employees :

(1) Scientific management attempts to force them to work their maximum. It does not bother about the adverse effect of such speeding up on the physical and mental wellbeing of employees,

(2) Scientific management introduces specialisation in the organisation.

The workers are supposed to do routine work like automatic machines. This creates problem of monotony among workers.

(3) Scientific management separates planning from performance. The workers are to carry out instructions given to them. So workers are not given any opportunity to take initiative.

(4) Scientific management leads to greater productivity and better standards of living. But the increase in productivity leads to more production at lesser cost and reduces employment opportunities. This leads to unemployment.

(5) It exploits the workers as increase in wages does not rise in the same proportion in which productivity increases. Gains from increased productivity are taken away by the employers.

(6) It advocates harmony in the organisation. But in reality it discourages disputes and it divides the workers into two groups known as achievers and underachievers.

Psychologists’ Criticisms are as Follows :

(1) Scientific Management adopts the mechanical approach towards the workers. It expects the workers to carry out the instructions given to them. They are treated like machines. They are not supposed to take any initiative. The psychologists are of the opinion that the workers should be encouraged to take initiative and they should be given a right to participate in the affairs of the organisation.

(2) Scientific management wants maximum efficiency by speeding up the performance of the workers. It does not take into consideration the harmful effects of such speeding up on the mental and physical health of the workers. The speeding up of the work may lead to accidents.

(3) Over-specialization and repetitive nature of the job creates in workers a sense weariness and frustration. They suggest that job enlargement should be introduced to solve the problem of monotony.

(4) The main focus of scientific management was to increase productivity by paying the workers with differential piece rate. So the main assumption is that differential piece rate is the motivating factor. But in reality it is not so as these are other factors like security, social relationships, independence and recognition. Further this divides the workers.

Term Paper # 5. Evaluation of Scientific Management :

Scientific management advocated by Taylor involves more of industrial engineering than of management. It focuses attention on the production side only and it neglects other areas of management like finance, marketing and purchasing. It advocates and gives too much emphasis on job analysis and standardisation of working conditions. It does not follow an integrated approach to management.

The authorities who were associated with Taylor and tried to popularize the principles of scientific management were:

(1) H.L. Gantt

(2) Gilbreth

(3) H. Emerson

The advocation of these authorities can be considered.

1. H.L. Gantt (1861 -1919) :

He was a mechanical engineer and worked with Taylor in Midvale steel company in various capacities. In 1901 he formed his own consulting engineering firm.

His contributions to management were:

(1) He developed a “Task and Bonus” plan to remove hardships in Taylor’s differential piece-rate system. This aim at provided a guaranteed minimum wage and also extra wages for extra work.

(2) He developed the “daily balance chart” known as the Gantt Chart. This has revolutionized the Production Control. The production executives will be knowing about the progress of production in the form of graph.

(3) He pleaded a policy of teaching and preaching employees to do their work is to be done before commencing the work rather than leading employees as cattle.

(4) He was advocating for wider recognition of the human factor in management and stated that financial incentives are the only one of many that influence human behaviour.

(5) Finally he is of the opinion that emphasis be placed on service rather than on profits. He did his best to influence the concept of industrial responsibility than any other authority.

The principles advocated by H.L. Gantt from his writings were:

(a) A high degree of efficiency is obtained from careful scientific analysis and investigation.

(b) A system of management based on scientific method is as much an asset as plant or equipment.

(c) The performance of any work cannot be devised with certainty until the method has been subjected to a complete scientific investigation.

(d) Action based on opinion will lose in competition with action based on facts. Greater and more stable results can be obtained from a policy of teaching and leading workmen to do their work than from a policy of driving and forcing.

2. F.B. Gilbreth :

He was the contemporary of Taylor. His wife Lillian and he made significant contributions to motion study, fatigue study and work simplification. Gilbreth emphasised training of personnel and discovering one best way of doing work.

The contributions made by both were as follows:

(i) He developed motion study as a primary tool for managers. He demonstrated this brick laying by reducing the number of motions from 18 to 5 and increased the laying of bricks from 170 to 350.

(ii) He developed seventeen basic elements in working on any job. He named these elements as ‘therbligs’ (Gilbreth spelled reverse with the transposed).

(iii) In time study he used michronomotor and photographed worker’s movements. The three aspects studied by him were movements made, time taken and direction of movements. He called this process as ‘ chronocyclograph’.

(iv) With the object of raising the morale of the worker he advocated that a worker should be made to work on three positions simultaneously:

a. The position he held before promotion to his present position.

b. The present position and

c. The next higher position.

(v) His unique contribution was his emphasis on human effort and the methods he devised to eliminate wasteful and unproductive movements.

3. Harington Emerson :

He is the authority who gave a big impetus to the spread of scientific management. He was an engineer and a consultant. He was a contemporary of Taylor. He gave a startling testimony before the Interstate commerce Commission in favour of scientific management principles. There was a case before the Commission between cargo owners and railway companies for hike in freight rates.

The cargo owners were against the hike and they requested one Mr. Brandies to argue their case. Emerson was the consultant for the case and he testified that by introducing scientific management the railways can save million dollars a day. This is how he has thrown the principles of scientific management to limelight.

His contributions to management are as follows:

(i) He developed a wage payment plan under which different rates of bonus are to be paid at varying levels of efficiency besides a guaranteed minimum wage.

(ii) He advocated the use of clear statement of goals and objectives for the organisation.

(iii) He suggested line and staff organisation in the place of functional foremanship.

(iv) The most significant contribution from him is the Twelve Principles of efficiency.

a. Clear ideals,

b. Common sense,

c. Competent counsel,

d. Discipline,

e. Fair deal,

f. Proper records,

g. Dispatching,

h. Standards and schedules,

i. Standard conditions,

j. Standardized operations,

k. Standardized practice instructions and

l. Efficiency reward.

According to him efficiency means avoiding wastage. He was the first authority to use the term ‘Efficiency Engineering’. For him efficiency means that the right thing is done in the right manner by the right man at the right place and in the right time. He contended that efficiency would depend on proper choice every element in production, improvement of workers’ conditions’ fixation of ideal standards emulated by workers, selection of the right man for the right job.

Related Articles:

• Term Paper on Supervision | Process | Direction | Management
• Scientific Management: Opposition and Approach | Management
• Notes on Principles of Scientific Management Theory
• Term Paper on Job Evaluation | Organisation | Management

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