phd vs engineering

PhD vs. DEng (Doctor of Engineering): What’s the Difference?

Choosing between a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering (DEng) is a crucial decision for many aspiring engineers, affecting their career trajectory and professional development. Both degrees offer distinct paths with their own set of benefits and challenges. 

While a PhD is traditionally research-oriented, focusing on advancing knowledge and technology through rigorous study and experimentation, the Doctor of Engineering is designed to propel professionals into high-level problem-solving and management roles within the industry. 

Understanding the key characteristics of each doctorate degree will help prospective students make an informed decision tailored to their career aspirations.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Definitions

Each of these programs offers a unique approach to engineering education, catering to different types of students and career goals. 

What Is a PhD in Engineering?

A PhD in Engineering is considered the pinnacle of academic achievement in the engineering field. The degree has the following characteristics:

• Research-focused : The degree is aimed at generating new knowledge and technologies through extensive research.
• Academically oriented : Candidates are expected to contribute original findings to the broader engineering community through peer-reviewed publications.
• Long-term commitment : It typically requires four to six years of study, involving coursework and a significant original research project culminating in a dissertation.

What Is a Doctor of Engineering?

The Doctor of Engineering, on the other hand, is tailored for professionals aiming to deepen their technical expertise and lead engineering projects in the industry. The degree has the following characteristics:

• Application-driven : It focuses on applying research to practical problems in engineering.
• Professionally oriented : The degree is geared towards those who wish to excel in high-level industry positions rather than academic roles.
• Integration with industry : It often requires candidates to engage directly with engineering companies or projects, applying advanced concepts to real-world challenges.

Comparing PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering

There are a number of similarities and differences between the two doctorate degrees .

Key Similarities

Although the PhD in Engineering and the DEng degrees cater to different career paths, they share several foundational elements:

• Advanced engineering knowledge : Both degrees require a deep understanding of advanced engineering principles.
• Critical thinking and problem-solving : Students must exhibit exceptional analytical skills to tackle complex engineering challenges.
• Commitment to ethics : Each program instills a strong commitment to ethical practices in both academic and professional settings.

Key Differences

The core distinctions between a PhD in Engineering and a DEng highlight their unique orientations and objectives:

• The PhD in Engineering emphasizes theoretical research and academic contributions.
• The DEng focuses on practical application and industry impact.
• PhD students complete a dissertation based on original research.
• DEng students typically undertake a project that solves a practical industry problem.
• PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia or research institutions.
• DEng holders typically seek leadership roles in engineering firms or technical consultancy positions.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Education Structure and Curriculum

By exploring the structures and curriculums of the degrees, prospective students can gain a clearer understanding of what each degree entails and which might best suit their career goals.

PhD in Engineering Structure and Curriculum

The educational structure of a PhD in Engineering is designed to cultivate expert researchers and academics. Coursework focuses on advanced topics in engineering, mathematics, and related sciences to prepare students for independent research.

Significant time is dedicated to conducting original research , leading to new insights and technological advancements. The culmination of the PhD is a comprehensive dissertation that makes a novel contribution to the field of engineering.

Doctor of Engineering Structure and Curriculum

The curriculum of the Doctor of Engineering is structured to integrate advanced engineering theory with practical application. The advanced practice-oriented coursework is designed to enhance technical and management skills, preparing students for high-level industry roles.

Project work emphasizes solving real-world engineering problems, often in collaboration with engineering firms or through internships. The degree typically culminates in a substantial capstone project that demonstrates the application of engineering principles to industry challenges.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Accreditation

Accreditation is an important aspect of all engineering degrees, and should be considered carefully by prospective students.

PhD in Engineering Accreditation

Accreditation for a PhD in Engineering ensures the quality and rigor of the academic program:

• Importance of accreditation : Accreditation verifies that the educational program meets specific standards of quality and rigor, essential for academic and professional recognition.
• Accrediting bodies : Major accrediting bodies for engineering programs include the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and regional accrediting organizations.
• Impact on career : Holding a degree from an accredited institution enhances a graduate’s prospects in academia and research fields, ensuring their qualifications are recognized and respected globally.

Doctor of Engineering Accreditation

Accreditation for the Doctor of Engineering focuses on both academic standards and industry relevance:

• Professional standards : Ensures that the program provides education that is relevant and up-to-date with industry standards.
• Accrediting organizations : Similar to the PhD, DEng programs are often accredited by ABET and may also seek accreditation from industry-specific bodies that recognize professional engineering qualifications.
• Professional recognition : Accreditation is crucial for DEng graduates to be recognized as qualified professionals in the engineering industry, potentially influencing hiring decisions and career advancement.

Career Options for PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering

Both degrees prepare graduates for different professional paths. Students need to recognize the importance of choosing a degree that aligns with one’s engineering career aspirations and personal strengths.

PhD in Engineering Careers

A PhD in Engineering opens doors to a range of career opportunities, primarily in academia and research:

• Academic positions : Many PhD graduates become university professors, contributing to academic knowledge and educating the next generation of engineers.
• Research institutions : Some may hold positions in government or private research institutions where they can continue to develop new technologies and solutions.
• Specialist roles : Highly specialized industries such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, or renewable energy often seek PhD graduates for their advanced research capabilities.

Doctor of Engineering Careers

The career paths for Doctor of Engineering graduates are oriented toward industry and applied engineering solutions:

• Engineering management : Graduates may pursue leadership roles within engineering firms, overseeing projects and teams.
• Project management : Some may find jobs managing large-scale projects, ensuring they meet technical specifications, budgets, and timelines.
• Consultancy : Some graduates take positions providing expert advice in specific areas of engineering, often as an external consultant to various industries.

PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering: Salary and Job Outlook

Examining the salary and career prospects related to the PhD in Engineering and DEng degrees can help prospective students gain insight into degree outcomes.

PhD in Engineering Salary

Graduates holding a PhD in Engineering are positioned for competitive salaries, especially in academia and specialized research roles:

• Average annual salary : According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for postsecondary engineering teachers was approximately $106,910 as of May 2023, though this can vary widely depending on the specific field and location.
• Salary range : Professor of engineering salaries can range from about $49,000 to over $182,000.
• Factors affecting salary : Industry, geographic location, and the specific engineering discipline significantly influence salary outcomes.  

Doctor of Engineering Salary

The Doctor of Engineering degree typically leads to higher-paying positions in the industry due to its focus on applied engineering and management:

• Average annual salary : The median annual salary for architectural and engineering managers was approximately $165,370 as of May 2023, according to the BLS.
• Salary range : Starting salaries begin around $107,000, with potential to exceed $233,000 in senior management or consulting roles.
• Industry variance : Salaries can be particularly high in sectors such as aerospace, manufacturing, and systems engineering.

PhD in Engineering Job Outlook

The job outlook for PhD in Engineering graduates remains positive, reflecting the ongoing need for advanced expertise in research and development:

• Growth projection : The BLS projects that engineering teaching positions , commonly held by PhDs, will grow by 9% from 2022 to 2032.
• Emerging fields : Significant growth is expected in areas like renewable energy, robotics, and biomedical engineering, driving demand for research and development experts.
• Academic opportunities : The academic sector continues to offer opportunities, although competitive, for tenure-track positions.  

Doctor of Engineering Job Outlook

Doctor of Engineering graduates have a strong job outlook in various industry sectors, especially those that value practical engineering leadership:

• Growth projection : Engineering management positions are expected to expand by about 4% over the decade, indicating stable demand for engineering leaders.
• Professional advancement : The degree is particularly valuable for professionals looking to ascend to executive-level positions in technical companies.
• Sector-specific demand : High demand in sectors such as construction, consulting services, and government projects.

This section highlights the salary expectations and job prospects for graduates of both PhD in Engineering and Doctor of Engineering programs, underscoring the potential financial and professional rewards of each path.

Tips for Choosing Between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering

Choosing between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering depends largely on individual career goals and personal interests. Here are some considerations to help prospective students make this important decision:

• Assess career goals : Consider whether your interest lies in academic research or practical industry applications. A PhD is ideal for those interested in research and teaching, while a DEng suits those aiming for senior engineering management roles.
• Consider industry requirements : Some industries may value the practical skills of a DEng more highly, whereas academia and research institutions typically require a PhD.
• Evaluate long-term objectives : Think about where you want to be in 10-15 years. Does one degree align better with your envisioned career path?
• Seek advice : Talk to current students and professionals in both tracks to understand the realities and demands of each path.
• Financial and time commitments : Be realistic about the time and financial investment each degree requires and what you can commit to.

What are the main differences between a PhD in Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering?

• Focus : PhD programs are research-oriented, ideal for those interested in academic careers or deep specialization in a field. DEng programs are application-oriented, designed for professionals aiming for high-level industry positions.
• Outcome : PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia or specialized research, while DEng graduates typically move into senior management or consultancy roles in engineering.

How long does it typically take to complete a PhD in Engineering versus a Doctor of Engineering?

• PhD in Engineering : Generally takes between four to six years, depending on the research project and dissertation requirements.
• Doctor of Engineering : Typically completed in three to five years, as it often integrates professional experience and may have a more structured curriculum.

Can a Doctor of Engineering degree lead to a teaching position in universities?

Yes, although less common than PhD holders, DEng graduates can teach, especially in universities that emphasize practical skills and applied engineering. However, tenure-track positions may prefer candidates with a PhD.

What kind of financial investment is involved in pursuing these degrees?

The cost can vary widely depending on the institution and the country. Generally, PhD programs may offer more funding opportunities, such as scholarships and stipends, due to their research focus. DEng programs may have less funding available but are often shorter in duration.

Is it possible to switch from a DEng to a PhD program or vice versa?

Switching between the programs is possible but may require fulfilling additional prerequisites or adjustments in one’s research focus. It’s important to consult academic advisors to understand the implications and requirements.

Are there online options available for either degree?

Yes, many universities now offer online or hybrid versions of both PhD and DEng programs. These options provide flexibility but require self-discipline and may have different networking opportunities compared to traditional on-campus programs.

Explore the PhD in Engineering vs. Doctor of Engineering Differences

Both the PhD in Engineering and the Doctor of Engineering offer valuable pathways to fulfilling and lucrative careers in their respective fields. The choice between a research-oriented PhD and a practice-oriented DEng should be guided by personal career aspirations, industry demands, and lifestyle considerations. 

By carefully evaluating these factors and utilizing the resources available, prospective students can make an informed decision that best suits their professional goals and personal preferences. This careful deliberation will ensure that they embark on a path that not only meets their academic and professional needs but also enriches their personal growth and career satisfaction.

For further exploration and to aid in decision-making, the following resources can be helpful:

• Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology : ABET provides a list of accredited engineering programs, which is crucial for ensuring the quality of your education.  
• Professional associations : Organizations like the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) offer resources for engineering students and professionals.
• Career planning tools : Organizations like Payscale and the BLS offer valuable tools for researching potential careers and salary data.
• University career services : Most universities offer career services to their students, which can help in understanding the prospects and requirements of both degrees.

Should Engineers Get a PHD? 11 Truths!

Should engineers get a PhD? Depends on what you want to achieve in your career. There are ups and downs to pursuing a PhD in engineering.

To figure it out, start by asking yourself what kind of career you’re after. Your decision will be based on factors like:

• Your interests
• How much money you want to make
• The lifestyle you desire
• Your other career options

We’ll chat about these four pointers, and then dive headfirst into 11 extra tips to help you size up the pros and cons of pursuing a PhD in engineering.

Important Note: I’ll be generalizing each factor I discuss, so keep in mind that there are always exceptions. And don’t forget that some superstar engineers will fly high whether they have a PhD or not. Success can come either way!

What really interests you in engineering?

A PhD can give you a leg up when tackling groundbreaking technological challenges. Without one, you might find it tough to access such work. But if you’re into more typical engineering gigs in the industry, then a PhD won’t be worth the time and money.

Usually, people go for a PhD if they want to become a specialist or researcher, or if they have their sights set on an academic career. A PhD can provide flexibility between industry and academia, letting you explore fresh ideas and spearhead innovative projects.

Here’s my two cents on both academia and industry:

In academia

In this world, your work might not make an immediate real-world splash. It could take years or even decades for your research to be recognized and applied. So, if you’re looking to become an overnight sensation, you might want to think again.

But you know what? To a select few who are passionate about your field, your work will be a big deal. You’ll have the chance to share your unique ideas with like-minded folks and make a difference in your little corner of the world.

And never forget that every small step you take will ultimately contribute to the greater good of humanity.

In industry

Meanwhile, in the industry, your work can make an instant impact. You’ll tackle awesome projects that are directly tied to a company’s goals, making a real difference in people’s lives.

Take, for example, working on R&D for batteries. Batteries are essential for our future, and every tiny improvement can change our lives in a big way.

The downside? Your company might not give you the credit you deserve for your groundbreaking work. But don’t sweat it – there are loads of similar opportunities for PhD holders who are motivated and inventive.

All in all, whether you pick academia or industry, you’ll have plenty of chances to change the world. Just keep cranking out top-notch work, and everything else will fall into place.

How much money do you want to make?

First off, don’t pay for your PhD yourself. If you can’t get funding, it means the market doesn’t see the value in your research.

Even with funding, you might only make $20k to $40k a year, depending on your university. If you’d gone straight into the industry, you could be pocketing $150k or more each year. Then you could invest that salary in real estate, businesses, you name it.

So, if money’s your main concern, you’ll lag behind your peers who jumped straight into the industry. Because while you’re spending 3 to 5 years earning a PhD and living on ramen noodles, they’ll be making bank.

And if you’re thinking about academia after your PhD, buckle up for even more financial hurdles.

Let’s be real: a PhD is a massive investment of time and money. If dollar signs are all you see, don’t bother with a PhD.

Important Note: Engineers with PhDs who start multi-million dollar businesses are exceptions, just like college dropouts who start multi-billion dollar businesses.

PhD stipends from major U.S. universities

Check this shortlist of engineering department stipends from major universities, put together by PhD Stipends :

As you can tell, diving into a PhD in engineering might not make you rich overnight. But, hey, it does give you the chance to work on some mind-blowing research and help shape the world of tomorrow.

Important Note: Don’t forget to weigh in the cost of living when you’re checking out those PhD stipends. Higher stipends usually come with a heftier price tag on everyday life, like in the Bay Area where Stanford is nestled.

What type of lifestyle do you want?

Dreaming of a chill, easygoing life? Academia might not be your jam. You could grind away for years and never snag that elusive academic tenure. Even in the industry, you might land just an ordinary engineering gig, making your PhD feel like a waste.

The professional stress from this uncertain journey can seep into your personal life. Financial struggles might become your constant companion, impacting every corner of your life. But hey, with a PhD, you get the keys to the world’s coolest toys and can work in top-notch national labs and fancy universities.

If you’re down to embrace uncertainty into your golden years, a PhD could be worth the ride. You may trade short-term comfort for the shot at doing what sets your soul on fire in the long run.

Mind you, I use the term sacrifice lightly. If you’re head over heels for your research, nothing else will even matter.

Do you have other options in life?

If you’re still feeling the PhD vibe after all this, ask yourself:

• Do you have any other career options?
• Is there another gig that’s tugging at your heartstrings?

If you said yes to either, hold your horses! Give some serious thought to whether a PhD is really your destiny. I’ve got friends who ditched their PhD programs to start businesses, and now they’re swimming in millions!

On the flip side, I know folks who chased a PhD just to immigrate to the US for a better life. But listen, don’t just follow the crowd. Committing to a PhD is a massive deal and can change your life in a big way.

This is further highlighted by the low number of U.S. students going for a PhD in engineering each year. The data below, from ASEE , includes all engineering fields combined.

Important Note: The number of awarded engineering doctorate degrees is increasing. But the U.S. population is also increasing, and more foreign students are immigrating to the U.S. to pursue a PhD. 

11 Pointers to consider in pursuing a PhD in engineering

Now, here are 11 pointers I’ve gathered from my pals and relatives who’ve gone down the PhD-in-engineering rabbit hole:

#1 Choose a research topic with real-world oomph

Picking the perfect research topic is the key to unlocking your PhD’s potential. Focus on fields that are shining bright, like:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Renewable energy

These areas tend to reel in more funding and have a higher demand in both academia and industry. After all, you still gotta pay the bills and keep a roof over your head.

#2 A PhD hones your thinking skills, not just your specialization

In the real world, you might not use all that fancy research know-how from your PhD. Instead, you’ll rely on your shiny new way of thinking to tackle problems.

So, a PhD isn’t just about becoming the go-to person in a super-niche field. It’s also about learning how to think and tackle the tough stuff.

And, hey, you can pick up these skills outside the hallowed halls of academia too.

#3 Don’t expect a PhD to put you on a pedestal

Sure, a PhD might make some folks go “ooh” and “aah,” but at the end of the day, it’s all about delivering the goods. Your skills and passion for the job are what really count, not the alphabet soup trailing your name.

I’m all about treating everyone equally, regardless of their academic fanfare.

Of course, a PhD can give you a credibility boost when making first impressions. But remember, it’s what you do next that really matters.

#4 A PhD can open doors, but it might close some too

A PhD can help you score high-level gigs at big-shot companies with in-house research and development. But beware – it might also slam some doors shut if you’re deemed overqualified for certain roles.

Choose your career path wisely and take time to think through your future pragmatically.

#5 Dive into a PhD in a subject that ignites your passion

Being passionate about your subject is the secret sauce to staying motivated during your PhD journey. Surround yourself with amazing people who share your interests, or you’ll struggle through the tough times – and trust me, there’ll be plenty.

#6 Don’t chase a PhD for the wrong reasons

Don’t go after a PhD just because “it’s what smart people do” or because you want to add some extra letters to your name.

Let’s get real here: a PhD doesn’t magically transform you into a genius. Heck, some of the brightest minds out there never even set foot in a college classroom!

If you were a regular Joe or Jane before diving into a PhD program, chances are you’ll still be one when you’re done. But hey, you don’t need to be a mega-brainiac to tackle a PhD. If you can snag a spot in a program, you’ve definitely got what it takes to see it through.

#7 Fear not the PhD pursuit

Some folks are scared stiff of the grueling trek to PhD-land. It’s like climbing a never-ending mountain, right?

Well, anything worth chasing is gonna be tough. If it were a piece of cake, everybody and their dog would be doing it!

#8 A PhD isn’t for everyone

To nail that PhD, you need a killer work ethic and a fierce dedication to your field. That’s what’ll help you conquer those hurdles and push through the lonely stretches.

Let’s face it: the PhD life isn’t everyone’s cup of tea. Just look at the small number of doctorates awarded each year in the U.S., as reported by ASEE. The data below covers all engineering fields combined:

And if you’re bold enough to take on a PhD, you’re probably an ambitious go-getter. So you’ll no doubt find some other epic challenge to sink your teeth into.

#9 Pick your program and advisor like a pro

The right program and advisor can make or break your PhD ride.

Seriously, you’ll be bending over backward for your advisor for years. They’ve got the power to make your life a living nightmare. Keep your eyes peeled for these red flags:

A bad advisor:

• Is a grade-A jerk
• Makes everything about them
• Squeezes you for free labor and grinds you down
• Fills you with guilt and doubt

A good advisor:

• Is super nice and supportive
• Turns you into a top-notch researcher
• Dishes out awesome life advice
• Hooks you up with conferences and fellowships
• Lets you visit other labs

So do your homework and pick your program and advisor with care.

#10 Weigh the impact on your loved ones

I’ve known people who juggled family life and a PhD. Sure, it was a bumpy road, but they made it work.

Keep in mind that a PhD can take ages, and your biological clock won’t wait around for you to finish.

#11 Industry jobs for PhD grads

Dreaming of a PhD to score an industry job? From what I’ve seen, here are a couple of paths for PhD graduates:

• Work in well-funded government labs, doing the research thing.
• Join big-league companies like Google, Apple, or IBM that can afford to splash cash on research.

If that doesn’t float your boat, a Master’s degree might be all you need for other engineering gigs in the industry.

Important Note: During recessions, R&D departments usually hold steady. R&D is a long-haul investment for a company, after all.

If an R&D project kicks off during a slump, it’ll wrap up just as the economy bounces back. That way, the company comes out stronger on the other side.

“Should engineers get a PhD” wrap up

Deciding to pursue a PhD is a deeply personal choice that deserves some serious soul-searching.

Don’t let peer pressure sway you. Take a good, hard look at the pros and cons, and make the call that’s right for you.

Now, I’ve met engineers who’d never trade their PhD experience for the world. But others reckon it was the worst decision they ever made.

At the end of the day, a PhD is all about the journey, not just the fancy certificate and those three little letters you get to tack onto your name.

Do you think a PhD in engineering is worthwhile? Will it be even more valuable down the road?

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Author Bio: Koosha started Engineer Calcs in 2019 to help people better understand the engineering and construction industry, and to discuss various science and engineering-related topics to make people think. He has been working in the engineering and tech industry in California for well over 15 years now and is a licensed professional electrical engineer, and also has various entrepreneurial pursuits.

Koosha has an extensive background in the design and specification of electrical systems with areas of expertise including power generation, transmission, distribution, instrumentation and controls, and water distribution and pumping as well as alternative energy (wind, solar, geothermal, and storage).

Koosha is most interested in engineering innovations, the cosmos, sports, fitness, and our history and future.

6 thoughts on “Should Engineers Get a PHD? 11 Truths!”

The most insightful comparison I’ve found on this topic so far. Thank you.

Glad you found the article helpful 🙂

Thanks for that nicely summed up article – not too long and covers the important points on everybody’s mind! 🙂

Glad you enjoyed the read 🙂

Thank you, I have just been searching for info about this subject for ages and yours is the best I have found out till now. However, what in regards to the conclusion? Are you positive about the source?

I tried to capture all angles of the experience, so do your best to apply the lessons to your personality and reasons for pursuing the degree.

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Grad School Guide

• Why Choose Grad School in STEM?

Master’s vs. PhD

• Research Experiences
• Other General Advice

There are a two types of Master’s degree programs:

• Degree requirements: 9-12 courses, typically with certain distribution of requirements (e.g., math courses, depth courses in your specialized area, etc.)
• It typically takes 1.5 years
• Can sometimes be done part-time through online programs
• Requirements: 6-8 courses plus multi-semester research project
• Typically takes 1.5-2 years

If you want to spend more time doing research (e.g., to train to become a research scientist or professor), you can complete a doctoral degree:

• Typical requirements: equivalent of coursework master’s, plus additional courses, qualifying exam, long research dissertation (100-250 pages), thesis defense
• Typically takes 4-6 years

What Is the Difference Between a Master’s Degree in Engineering and a Ph.D. in Engineering?

Krystle Dodge

Managing Editor

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Many engineers choose to advance their education to improve their career prospects. How do you decide whether a master’s degree or a doctoral degree like a Ph.D. in engineering is the right choice for you? Before enrolling in graduate school, engineers should consider what their goal for furthering their education is and understand what to expect from each of the educational options they are considering.

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Master’s and Doctoral Degrees in Engineering

Both graduate and doctoral degrees in engineering are more specialized than undergraduate degree programs, with Ph.D. degrees having the narrowest focus. Naturally, the coursework covered in either a graduate or doctoral degree program in engineering builds upon the principles and practices students learn from an ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology)-accredited bachelor’s degree program.

Master’s degrees in engineering can be either research-focused or professional degrees, according to U.S. News & World Report . A research-focused master’s degree often requires a student to complete a thesis presenting original research, while a professional master’s degree in engineering often has no such requirement. Ph.D. degree programs, on the other hand, are research-focused and usually require students to complete a dissertation in order to earn the advanced degree.

Some schools also offer Doctor of Engineering degree options as well as, or in place of, traditional Ph.D. programs in engineering. A Doctor of Engineering degree requires research but emphasizes practical application rather than theory. Instead of writing a dissertation, a student enrolled in a Doctor of Engineering degree program might compile a portfolio of their best work, including plans, design prototypes, models and simulations and patent applications that can be shown to prospective employers. Doctor of Engineering programs may take less time than Ph.D. programs and may be a better choice for engineers who want to advance their education beyond the master’s level but still want to work in industry or to apply engineering concepts rather than conducting theoretical research.

Some master’s in engineering degree programs can be completed in as little as a year, while Ph.D. programs typically take at least four years and an average of more than eight years, according to CBS News .

Jobs With Master’s and Doctorates in Engineering

Typically, becoming an engineer in any discipline requires only a bachelor’s degree, according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). You may even be able to become an engineering manager with a bachelor’s degree, once you have the right experience, the BLS reported. Any degree beyond the bachelor’s degree is an advanced education for an engineer, offering not only the possibility of increased earning potential but also the opportunity to take on roles that would be unattainable with only an undergraduate degree.

Generally, master’s degrees are excellent choices for experienced engineers who need a graduate degree to earn a promotion to a senior role in the engineering industry. They can also prove valuable for ambitious engineering students and recent graduates who know they want to shoot for leadership positions eventually. Often, a master’s degree in engineering that follows the professional track rather than a research track fulfills this need. Engineers eyeing engineering manager roles might also choose a specialized engineering management master’s degree or a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree to develop their business and leadership skills.

On the other hand, you might envision yourself working in academia or in research positions. A master’s degree may be sufficient for some of these positions, the BLS reported. However, at the highest levels – such as tenure-track university professor and researcher, whether in academia, industry or government research lab – these positions often require a Ph.D., according to U.S. News & World Report .

While engineers with a master’s degree earn nine to 13 percent more money annually than those with a bachelor’s degree in some disciplines, in other branches of engineering they earn the same or less than their less educated peers, the BLS reported.

There are many reasons why advancing your career by furthering your education can be a smart move for engineers. Whether you’re looking to boost your salary or open the doors to new opportunities, a post-baccalaureate degree can certainly be the key to achieving your goals. However, before you invest the time, money and hard work needed to earn a graduate or doctoral degree in engineering, you need to develop a clear understanding of what you want from your advanced education and which educational path will help you make those plans a reality.

Related Resources: 

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Is getting a PhD in science or engineering right for me?

If you are excited about a PhD because you were a good undergrad student and aren’t sure what you want to do next, think carefully about whether a PhD is right for you. While you (may) find the jobs you are qualified for after a PhD more satisfying, and they may be better compensated, remember that you will first spend 4-5 years (or more, if you choose to pursue a postdoc!) making a stipend that covers the cost of living, but not much else. For context, PhD candidates’ salaries are typically in the high $20K to low $30K range per year, depending on if you’re in science (lower) or engineering (higher) and the cost of living where your school is located.

Now, if you’re still thinking about it, here are a few reasons pursuing a PhD might be a great fit for you:

You enjoy working independently on problems that nobody has solved before

In graduate school, you are, by definition, working on problems that nobody has solved before. That means that you’re responsible for both thinking about your work at a high level (how is this work interesting and important? What is the motivation for what I’m doing?) as well as proposing and developing solutions to technical challenges. NOBODY will give you a detailed description of exactly what you should be developing: YOU are in charge of both setting the goalposts appropriately AND reaching those goals. You will get feedback, advice, resources, and mentorship from many people along the way…. But, at the end of the day, the thesis is YOUR work. This is a tremendous change from the problem sets and exams of an undergraduate degree!

You want to eventually work at a company doing research and development at a high level

In many companies, only so much technical progression along a research and development path is available to people without a PhD. I have had several friends and colleagues who returned to graduate school after several years of working because they found they weren’t happy with the work they were doing, and there were no opportunities for the career advancement they wanted without a PhD.

You hope to pursue a career as a researcher employed at a government laboratory (NIH, one of the national labs or defense labs)

Many of these researcher positions are available only to people with PhDs, and the kinds of projects they work on range from basic science to applied research and engineering.

You want to be a professor

Some people think the only career option open to PhD graduates is to become a professor, which is not true! However, a PhD IS needed to become a professor. Some people choose to work at an undergraduate-only institution, where they can be more focused on teaching students, while others go to big research universities where they are expected to write grants to bring in funding for research, conduct research alongside graduate students and postdocs, as well as teach undergraduate and graduate-level courses.

You want to work as a consultant or technical consultant

Many firms such as McKinsey & Co. and the Boston Consulting Group (business consulting) and Exponent (technical consulting) recruit disproportionately among people with science and engineering PhDs.

You hope to pursue a scientific writing/communications-based career

Careers in technical writing for companies, as editors for scientific journals, and working with patent lawyers and intellectual property, all require a level of scientific literacy that is acquired during a PhD.

You are excited about producing new technology and launching a startup

Some schools have programs, competitions, and incubators to help PhD students interested in entrepreneurship turn their ideas and technologies into a company. Programs such as dual PhD/MBA programs even exist.

If one or more of these paths sounds exciting to you, applying to, and pursuing, a PhD in science and engineering might be a good choice. Depending on what career path you are interested in, you will want to find a school, program, and professor that matches your interests. For example, if you’re interested in eventually starting a company, joining a research group that has done this before at a school with entrepreneurship programs is a good idea. Looking up prior graduates from groups that you join and seeing what they end up doing is a good way to see if the experience you would have in that group will prepare you for your long-term goals.

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Electrical Engineering PhD

The Electrical Engineering PhD program studies systems that sense, analyze, and interact with the world. You will learn how this practice is based on fundamental science and mathematics, creating opportunities for both theoretical and experimental research. Electrical engineers invent devices for sensing and actuation, designing physical substrates for computation, creating algorithms for analysis and control, and expanding the theory of information processing. You will get to choose from a wide range of research areas such as circuits and VLSI, computer engineering and architecture, robotics and control, and signal processing.

Electrical engineers at SEAS are pursuing work on integrated circuits for cellular biotechnology, millimeter-scale robots, and the optimization of smart power groups. Examples of projects current and past students have worked on include developing methods to trace methane emissions and improving models for hurricane predictions.

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PhD in Electrical Engineering Degree

Harvard School of Engineering offers a  Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)  degree in Engineering Sciences: Electrical Engineering , conferred through the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Harvard Griffin GSAS). Prospective students apply through the Harvard Griffin GSAS. In the online application, select  “Engineering and Applied Sciences” as your program choice and select " PhD Engineering Sciences: Electrical Engineering ​."

The Electrical Engineering program does not offer an independent Masters Degree.

Electrical Engineering PhD Career Paths

Graduates of the program have gone on to a range of careers in industry in companies such as Tesla, Microsoft HoloLens, and IBM. Others have positions in academia at the University of Maryland, University of Michigan, and University of Colorado.

Admissions & Academic Requirements

Prospective students apply through the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Harvard Griffin GSAS). In the online application, select  “Engineering and Applied Sciences” as your program choice and select "PhD Engineering Sciences: Electrical Engineering​." Please review the  admissions requirements and other information  before applying. Our website also provides  admissions guidance ,   program-specific requirements , and a  PhD program academic timeline .

Academic Background

Applicants typically have bachelor’s degrees in the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, or engineering. In the application for admission, select “Engineering and Applied Sciences” as your degree program choice and your degree and area of interest from the “Area of Study“ drop-down. PhD applicants must complete the Supplemental SEAS Application Form as part of the online application process.

Standardized Tests

GRE General: Not Accepted

Electrical Engineering Faculty & Research Areas

View a list of our electrical engineering  faculty  and electrical engineering  affiliated research areas , Please note that faculty members listed as “Affiliates" or "Lecturers" cannot serve as the primary research advisor.  

Electrical Engineering Centers & Initiatives

View a list of the research  centers & initiatives  at SEAS and the  electrical engineering faculty engagement with these entities .

Graduate Student Clubs

Graduate student clubs and organizations bring students together to share topics of mutual interest. These clubs often serve as an important adjunct to course work by sponsoring social events and lectures. Graduate student clubs are supported by the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin School of Arts and Sciences. Explore the list of active clubs and organizations .

Funding and Scholarship

Learn more about financial support for PhD students.

• How to Apply

Learn more about how to apply  or review frequently asked questions for prospective graduate students.

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Difference between EngD and PhD

The EngD programme ‘Design for AgriFood and Ecological Systems’ is focused on practice and on the needs of the industry and society, and less on gaining new scientific knowledge, such as for a PhD.

The objective of the programme for the Engineering Doctorate is to obtain knowledge about scientific ideas and methods and then apply this in a design. The study programme is therefore not focused on learning to develop new fundamental scientific knowledge (i.e. curiosity-driven research such as for a PhD), but on combining new and existing scientific knowledge from a variety of knowledge domains, with a focus on applying it in innovative designs and prototypes through the use of design methodologies.

The three most noticeable differences between a PhD and an EngD are:

• A PhD candidate focuses on research at the university, whereas an EngD candidate focuses on technological designs in industry and society
• A PhD programme has a duration of four years whereas the EngD takes two years to complete
• A PhD leads to the title “Doctor” (Dr., equivalent to PhD). The designer programme leads to an “Engineering Doctorate” (EngD).

Types of Engineering Doctoral Degrees in the United States

A layperson might assume that engineering degrees are a simple tiered system where a student goes from associate to bachelor’s to master’s degree to, finally, a doctorate, perhaps with some branching academic career paths for engineering specialists . In truth, it’s a little more nuanced than that. For instance, if you were to look up doctor of engineering vs phd 210, you would find that they are two different degrees. They represent a similar level of academic achievement, but the benefits of a phd in engineering and the type of work that you will be able to claim with such a degree are going to differ from those of someone who has attained a doctor of engineering degree, even though your academic career paths, knowledge, and skills will have quite a bit of overlap.

So what’s the key difference between doctor of engineering vs phd? In some circles the two are referred to interchangeably, and various academic cultures around the world may not differentiate between the two at all. But in Western engineering, a phd is going to be more academic while a doctor of engineering is going to be more practical. A doctor of engineering may write research papers just like an engineering phd, but the doctor of engineering is going to be writing papers addressing specific problems that must be solved. A phd may be more concerned with theoretical and academic research, where a doctor of engineering’s work may point specifically towards, for instance, how to improve fuel economy in the trucking industry.

As you may have already guessed, a doctor of engineering salary may be a bit higher than a phd’s salary, and they will have a broader range of career options before them. A doctor of engineering may be contracted for research and design work by automotive and tech companies , they may be enlisted as a consultant by government agencies. The benefits of a phd in engineering 40 are nothing to sneeze at, of course, but benefits of a phd in engineering generally relate to academic areas. That is to say that a phd can write their own ticket at universities around the world, becoming a tenured and well-regarded professor with their work being cited in countless books and studies. But, their career path will generally be limited to the world of academics. Not every doctor of engineering salary​ is going to be in the six figure range, but where a phd can look for work at other universities, a doctor can look for work in any field where engineering skills are valued.

In terms of study, in a phd program, a student’s training will culminate in the writing of a thesis addressing a common challenge faced by practicing engineers. A doctor of engineering’s research is towards applied engineering, addressing specific problems rather than basic or general concerns and theories.

It is not hard to find worthwhile online doctor of engineering programs or more specific programs like training for a doctorate in engineering management distance learning. Online phd programs, being more academically oriented than online doctor of engineering programs 40 or a doctorate in engineering management distance learning 50 program, tend to be less comprehensive than you might want for a career that will largely be oriented around the university life.

If any of this sounds a little too broad, think of it this way: A phd in engineering is like a degree in literature. Becoming a doctor of engineering is like learning how to write novels. Each profession will draw on the work of the other, but the former is primarily oriented around theory, while the latter is oriented around practice.

Embrace the convenience of online learning and shape your own path to success.

Explore schools offering programs and courses tailored to your interests, and start your learning journey today.

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CRED CEO Kunal Shah’s ‘doctor vs engineer’ post sparks debate

Kunal shah, the ceo of cred, sparked a debate on x with his comment on engineers and doctors..

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• Kunal Shah sparked a debate on X about engineers replacing doctors.
• Shah's comment reflects the impact of technological advancements.
• Critics emphasise the irreplaceable human touch of doctors.

In India, medicine and engineering have long been regarded as two of the most prestigious and lucrative career options. While new and dynamic professions are emerging, these fields remain highly esteemed.

Now, Kunal Shah, the CEO of CRED, sparked a debate on X with his comment on both the professions.

"Engineers may eat doctor's jobs,” Shah wrote in his short post. His comment likely reflects the impact of recent technological advancements and the pivotal role engineers play in these innovations.

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Doctoral student in civil and environmental engineering earns DOE research award

Published: May 24, 2024 12:00 PM

By Dustin Duncan

Nora Lopez Rivera, doctoral student in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , was honored with a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award.

The award allows Lopez Rivera to work for a year in a national DOE laboratory further to expand her research and network with other scientists. Rivera said she will research at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington.

Her project titled “Microdiffraction Phase Mapping and In Situ Mineral Transformation Monitoring for Parametrizing Reactive Transport Models” focuses on developing a methodology with the micro XRD technique to acquire modeling data for basaltic rocks. 

“I specifically research geochemical reactivities between injected CO2 (carbon dioxide) and underground geological formations,” Lopez Rivera said. “I do this by building reactive transport models using data from geological formations being considered for CO2 storage.”

She said many reactive transport models are used for sedimentary rock formation — the most common rocks used to store CO2 — but volcanic rocks, such as basalts, have recently shown they are also capable of CO2 storage. However, reactive transport modeling isn’t often used for igneous formations like basalts.

Lopez Rivera said she plans to take this opportunity to learn a new technique for acquiring modeling data and working with basaltic formations. She also looks forward to networking with many scientists who share her vision of helping her advance academically.

“As a female, the first graduate in my family and a Latina from Puerto Rico, I am incredibly proud to have received this award,” she said.

Lauren Beckingham , W. Allen and Martha Reed Associate Professor in civil and environmental engineering and Lopez Rivera’s advisor, said she is poised for a successful career. 

“Nora is doing great work leveraging her expertise in geology to consider engineered subsurface systems suitable for geologic CO2 sequestration,” Beckingham said. “Her selection for this fellowship is a well-deserved recognition of her excellent work and promising future.”

Nora Lopez Rivera, doctoral student in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, poses for a photo on Auburn University's campus.

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Midwestern State University releases list of May graduates

Midwestern State University had 724 undergraduate and graduate students who were candidates for degrees in May 2024 with the provision that they meet all requirements as prescribed by the faculty and administration.

Graduates walked the stage in ceremonies May 10 and May 11 in the D.L. Ligon Coliseum.

Dillard College of Business Administration

Anne Idongesit Akpabio, Carmen Aleman, Christopher Javaughan Alexis Jr., Maddison Brooke-Irene Allison, Dharma Teja Appana, Dylan Stewart-Arthur Bell, Destiny Beltran, Kudakwashe Simon Rasayi Bepswa, Brian Blair, Manineath Bo, Taylor Brooke Boyce, Kaytlyn Nicole Boyett, Ahmed M. L. Ali Buru, Camryn Lee Cato, Zebadiah Charles, Sung Soo Cho, Amaechi Evan Chukwu, Benjamin Alan Cooper, Anna Zhulan Carol Corry, Emilie Anne Costa, Brock Deshay, Luis Diaz Argente, Aeriana Mercedes Dishman, Davis Charles Doarn, Alfonso Rafael Duran, Colten Lance Ellis, Alexandra Elizabeth Feller, Tasia Danese Floissac, Viviana Faith Garcia, Randy Johnson Garza Garza and Ashley Nicole Green.

Brandon Jason Gumm, Mackenze Ann Gunkel, Preston Wyatt Hall, Isaiah Ke'Shaughn Harris, Paul Willard Harris III, Brett Royal Hartgrove, Lily Marie Morón Hartgrove, Shahnaz R. Hasnat, Galesha Kentesha Henry, Mackenzie Marie Hooker, Courtney Brianne Hoover, Robert James Ibarra, Jermali Taqwani Thomas Irish, Brittany Aaron Jackson, Valandra Crystal Jno Marie, Jacob Gregory Johnson, Markayla Raenell Johnson, Boyd Wayne Jones III, Jacqueline Ann Jones, Katharina Kern, Nils Raphael Koch, Anusha Reddy Kothapally, Brandon Joseph Kraft, Padmalekshmi Latha, Richie Kim Lim, Mauressa Alethea Loncke, Katherine Marie Love, Sadikchya Luitel and Andrew Lynn Marsh.

Nicolas Shane Martinez, Kaitlyn Nicole Masseth, Gerald Lee Matson, Sara-Lee Earlisha Maximea, Jenna Rachel McBride, Kyler Lane McCain, Brittany Meza, Chantin Jade Miles, Carter Blaine Milstead, Skylar Savanah Minns, Jesus Francisco Moreno Cervantes, Madison Grace Murphey, Thembeka S. Ncube, Deborah Anne Nelson, Tam Minh Nguyen, Clarence Riker Norriss, Zachary Caden O'Dell, Abisola Ilekeose Ola, Luis Fher Pacheco, James Collin Patterson, Courtney Breann Pelton, Srinivas Polina, K S V V S Vara Prasad Puvvala, Jacob Adonai Reyes, Shovon Richards, Parker Douglas Robertson, Diana Carolina Romero Arenas, Ezequiel Salas and Ishaan Dev Sarkar.

Dayton Joseph Schrage, Litzy Serna Mendez, Santiago Soto Arango, Kyla Joy Southall, Connor Joseph Swaim, Phyo Wai Yan Win Swe, Aadarsha Tamrakar, Lauren Grace Thomas, Oghenekome Daniella Tobi, Abena Kamilah Tobin, Nathan Stanley Toledo, Joanna Picazo Torres, Max Chuyen Tran, Ngoc Bao Tran Tran, Sharon Umulisa, Ronald Stuart Vavra, Gabriel Alexander Villadiego, David Kurt Wadlow, Kolbie Charles Waldrip, Rashaun Lance Waller, Johnnie Jeanise Woods, Gelila Yemer, Daniel Chih Lin Yu and Zachary Michael Zamora.

More: Shining stars: MSU Texas releases list of honor roll students for spring 2024

Lamar D. Fain College of Fine Arts

James Earl Alexander III, Destiny Joy Anderson, Daniel Eduardo Antillon, Johanna Ellen Barnett, Emily S. Copeland, Luke Ryan Craddock, Isabella Cherish Del Rio, Hunter Wayne Doughty, Cinthia Vanessa Duran, Holly Rene Ferguson, Katherine Elizabeth Hamberg, Casee Elizabeth Harl, Mekisha Alayna Harrigan, Iris Thea-Gison Holland, Shunde Monta Hooks, Dezmond Emmanuel Kinchen, Asher Leonid Matthew, Samantha Reese Mitchell, Tyrece J. Mitchell, Angelo Luis Ochoa, Anthony Paul Plummer, Zachary Emmett Scabora, Davis R. Scobee, Mariana Vela Leon, Faith Leeann Warner, Cecil Thomas Witherspoon and Brennan Christopher Wright.

McCoy College of Science, Mathematics and Engineering

Christopher Javaughan Alexis Jr., Reid P. Armstrong, Angel Badillo Hernandez, Varshith Basani, Miguel Bethel, Brayden Ryan Birkenfeld, Elizabeth Letisha Bocanegra Nuñez, Zachary Nicholas Bohannon, Patrick Brian Boston, Lauryn Lynese Bourné, Chloe Marie Bryant, Sharome Ethan Oliver Burton, Chad Daunte Callender, Paige Breanna Cartwright, Anthony Aurelio Castillo, Tejaswini Challa, Sai Neeraj Chandragiri, Jaden Richard Corbin, Ibukunoluwa Paris Dosumu, Danielle Ifeyinwa Egwim, Nitish Kumar Erelli, Augustine Ezenagu, Macie Elizabeth Frederick, Christopher James Garcia, Tiarra Danae Teresse Georges and Mason Christopher Gholson.

Callie Nicole Giammusso, Isaiah Walker Gooden, Jesse Jelani Green, Merina Guiste, Raissa Lydia Jennifer Henderson, Theron Honoré, Elizabeth Janelle Horn, Rainy Day Howery, Susheel Rao Jamakayala, Naga Vamshi Krishna Jammalamadaka, Shea Akisha Jarvis, Jamy Christina Keaffer, Peter Waweru Kimani, Chelsee Kabre Kirk, Ahmed M. Krubally, Tyler Bao Nguyen La, Calvin David Leavy, Ian Elijah Lopez, Megan Jade Lopez, Sydney Elizabeth MacDonald, Emilee Taylor Macklin, Isabella Margarete Makelaar, Alexis Manuela Mancini, Yajhaira Guadalupe Martinez, Mason Dale Metcalf, Connor Luke Mitchell, Miklos Antonio Moreno, Mary Josephine Nall, Huy Ngo and Ferenc Wilhelmus.

Alexander Nihof, Charles Ogunmoyin, Michelle Orru, Dayton Reid Parsons, Miguel Stephen Penn, Dylan Ray-Petit Peterson, Dan-ya Malik Glenn Phillip, Divya Haritha Podila, Devyn Ray Quintero, Kaitlin Elizabeth Raber, Siddhant Surendra Ranbhise, Rakesh Rapalli, David Micheal Reyes-Coy, Jada Denise Rhodes, Wiltany Chelsea Rolle, Athul Sajikumar, Alexandra Nicole Sandstedt, Stephanie Sarabia, Will Joseph Schnitker, Amber Elaine Seward, Olivia Brooke Shonk, Ethan Scott Shumaker, Esmeralda Nicole Solorio, Sai Teja Sripathi, Lauren Ashley Stancik, Daniel Gene Stanley, Jordan Lynn Swearingen, Luis Emiliano Tamez, Elias Ricardo Tezaguic, Tyler Paul Thames, Bao Gia Trang, Andrew Michael Vann, Shenice C. Walters, Srikanth Reddy Yanala and Amit Yonjan.

Prothro-Yeager College of Humanities and Social Sciences

Madison Taylor Bean, Shawn Lee Benson, Isabella Rose Black, Audrea Maria Canvinato Brandl, Paige Breann Bryant, Zetta Noelle Cannedy, Kathryn Elizabeth Chilstrom, Madison Maxine Cook, Kristen Marie Cratty, Jezebel Mayann Eligino Dela Cruz, Texanna Marie Faulk, Ta'Jir Thea-O'Neal Ford-Foy, Jacob Daniel Foster, Angelique Marie Frunzi, Anda Ghinga, Caroline Greyson Gomez, Dulce Carolina Gonzalez-Venegas, Nikyla Shashone-Aneesah Green, Jacqueline Hernandez, Liliana Huerta, Sarah Beth Hughes, Patrick Dwayne Idell, Lizbeth Jaimes, Dora Alicia Koelling, Jackson R. Kromer and Emily Nicole Largent.

Bailee Alexandra Larkin-McDowell, Connor Issac Lee, Elizabeth Esther Lingurar, Federica Manno, Jarret Devin Mans, Alexis Jean Boulton Marburg, Elizabeth Hope Marshall, Micaela Marie McSpadden, Calixta C. Nunez, Michael Alen Olds, Jessiena Yazmin Pando, Jessica Jewell Pavlakovic, Kameelah Faith Pope, Steve Ramos, Jackson Tate Redding, Andrés Christopher Revis, Bradley Paul Rohrbach, Emily Katherine Rowland, Abby Ruth, Cassidy Lynn Savoy, Sarah-Jo Elizabeth Shelton, Emma Reese Short, Shelby Wayne Taylor, Collin Henry Thiel, Angela Gail Walters and Isu Yang.

Robert D. and Carol Gunn College of Health Sciences and Human Services

Hali Shae Aaron, Elizabeth Adame, Riviere Yves Alexandre Samhain Addams, Boravy Millanie Adkison, Eniola Victoria Afolabi, Eden Adar Allison, Mary Fuentes Al-Qannas, Oluwagbemiga Oladimeji Anola, Trenice Breshell Applon, Odalys Atocha Arana, Amani Somige Augustine, Sidney Michelle Baggs, Krystal Lee Baker, Meagan Genell Bennett, Daniel G. Bereket, Jennifer Christine Betz, Khalil Chas O'neil Blackwood, Awtry Jerome Blagg, Yessenia Jaqueline Blas, Samantha Harley Bloxham, Peyton Nicole Bluitt, Mikayla Alisa Bolar, Julia Ann Bowman, Layher Elizabeth Braley, Jardae Monique Branch, Ny'Kera M. Braziel, Jennifer Lyn Brooks and Te'Lor RaeVonn Brown.

Carolyn Marie Bruster, Macy Blaise Burlton, Kaylee Renee Byrd, Remi Antoinette Camel, Amanda Beth Campbell, Kendall Dianne Candioto, Kelsey Elizabeth Cardwell, Kristen Ciera Carraway, Nora Lea Carrillo, Christian Castro, Elida Luisa Hernandez Cedillo, Alicia Noelle Cervantes, Meagan Sherri Chancellor, Glenna P. Charles, Lakyn Juannette Childress, Quinton DeVon Childs, Daizwunai Vanshelle Chiles, Aileen Esther Maria Marcia Church, Brittany LaShae Clark, Whitney Breanne Clay, Jaymi Ann Clevinger, Brittany Ann Coltrain, Brittany Nicole Cooper, Melania Correa, ShelbyJ Taylor Courtney, Brittany Erin Crider, Jessica Marie Crohan, Breanna Marie Crosby and Jessaymn Keeva Trishon Crouch.

Keira Ann Crum, Stephanie Michelle Culver, Jacob Viet Dang Ruiz, Merlyn Sekon Davies, Dylon Andrew Davis, Katie Marie Diaz, Renée Patirica Dobson, Raul Doporto Jr., Andrew Wayne Dowdy, Chyna Barrai Druilhet, Emily Beth Dunn, Eleonora Sophia Duran, Sydney M. East, Naton Dean Edwards, Amber Shay Eggleston, Vivian I. Enabulele, Meghan Ashley Engelhardt, Esperanza Vega Espino, Giselle Marlene Espinoza, Amira Nadine Rosales Estolano, Angela Reneé Evans, Mickye Lee Fallon, Ivory Shanta Figures, Felicia Esmeralda Flores, Angelica Flores, Angelica Fraga, Michael Joe Frausto III, Jordan Brice French, Hailee Breann Frie, Destiny Paige Fuentes, Roberto Garcia Jr. and Michelle LeeAnn Gard.

Rae-Lee Renee Gardner, Martha Abigail Gerber, Kayla Marie Gerstner, Himanshu Satish Gholap, Christina Lynn Gibson, Felistas Nyamaina Gichaba, Sidney Erin Givens, David Henry Goldenberg, Ryan Timothy Limsipson Gonzales, Sarah Danielle Gonzalez, Jacob Dylan Gould, Anastasia Nicole Green, Ethan Turner Greer, Sarah May Greer, Gabriela Nicole Gutierrez, Donna Lynn Halbrooks, Hannah Lee Harrell, Aimee Marie Harris, Kaelin Leayh Nicole Henry, Maribel Hernandez, Jennifer Herrejon, Ana Clarissa Heysquierdo, Connor John Hill, Melanie Brooke Hodge, Chelsea Brooke Hoeltzel, Amanda Claire Hohlt, Mayra Carrasco Hollis, Gracie Marie Howeth, Makenna Jayne Hudson and Briahna Nicole Hughes.

Sakriya Humagain, Emily Grace Hurst, Zaria Nediva Hyman, Ifedayo Brian Idowu, Sabrina Michele Ince, Madison Hailey Adrienne Ingraham, Trevor Jay Jenkins, Carlos Antonio Jimenez, Misty Lee Kahler, Given Bintu-Mwadi Kayembe, Morgan Leigh Kearney, Jennifer Taylor Kennedy, Emily Renee King, Amelia Zara Lawson, Nhu Quyen Le, Hermon Desta Legesse, Kyler Jacob Lindsey, Stormy Cheyenne Long, Valencia Lizbeth Longoria, Frantz Louis Louicin, Lauren Renee Lozano, Taryn Jeanine Lunsford, Christopher Obi Madu, David Magsoudlou, Gabrielle Alexis Mailloux, Madeline Isabel Maness, Ashley Nicole Mann and Penelope Ann Martinez.

Roberto Martinez, Izel Martinez-Pacheco, Rebecca A. Mathew, Mackenzie Echo Matthews, Aichatu Shafe Mbami, Jaxon Gregory McAden, Marissa Jaiden McAllister, Bethany Dawn McCarthy, Jenna Michelle McGowen, Bridget Aoife McGuire, Maricela Maldanado Medina, Darla Meza, Aja Rhiannon Skye Mills-Havins, Christal Miranda, Paden Delaney Mitchell, Plamedi Sumbu Mizele, Paola Maribel Molina, Cristina Moore, Jennifer Lee Morrow, Michael Ransom Moser, Jack Kelly Murdock, Christina Murillo, Hezbon Achochi Nduko, Brittany Mae Nemirovsky, Beth Ann Newell, Lina Nguyen and Thao Nguyen.

Njuambo Prudence Nosimbang, Angeline Nyamapfumba, Jade Paskalia-Kemunto Nyangaresi, Ashley Elisabeth Oberkrom, Patrick Pecson, Ashley Lauren Pfaffl, Cindy Trang Phan, Tan Ngoc Phan, Gouresh Mahesh Powar, Jennifer Marie Proctor, Annee Raelyn-Grace Qualls, Ley-Senan Ariane Qualls, Israth Rahman, Isabel Emma Ramirez, Marianne Mariah Rangel, Matthew Thomas Reedy, Ian Thomas Reneau, Chasity Mae Renfroe, Brian Dewayne Reyes, Fallon Brooke Rich, Ryan Perry Ridge, Kenzie Renee Ripperger, Carlos Andres Roca, Cordero Rashad Rochelle, Lorena Rosalia Rodriguez, Ronaldo Rodriguez, Ashleigh Rachael Rogers, Keeley Dawn Rollings, Morgan Hannah Romero, Anissa J. Romero, Brisa Roque and Edward J. Rosario Jr.

Sherrie Denise Ross, Chase A. Ross Mattingly, Nadia Alexandra Salyer, Stacy L. Sampley, Dalton Rhett Sanders, Madison Renee Schreiber, Asia Rae Schufford, Gavin Scott, Cason Lee Shank, Lauryn Alexis Shields, Krista Anne Shively, Oluwafaayokunmi Itanayo Shogbanmu, Hannah Makenzie Simpson, Asha M. Smiley, Aaron Ray Smith, Fiona Abena Smith, Christiana Marie Solidum, Monica Renee Speck, Molly Nicole Steele, Ethan Parker Stewart, DeLynn Stone, Haley Deann Stout, Paige R. Stubbs, Arzoo Subedi, Lynnlee Kay Sweetin, Marisa Renee Telles, Brittany Lanette Thomas, Tyler Edward Thomas and Kristina Du Tinana.

Daisy Mfuh Tinong Neng, Justin Kha Trinh, Obioma Janisha Umeorah, Alicia Irania Urista, Ritse Vaes, Iliana Valencia, Natalie Elisa Vargas, Jose Luis Vasquez, Justin Edward Vasquez, Brysann Grace Vaughn, Adrian Velazquez, Aisha D. Wade-Thomas, Destiny Alyssa Walker, Chelsey Cheyenne Ware, Clair Marie Wenrich, Abigail Joy Westover, Darian Alexis Wetzel, Reece Addison Wildt, Alexyss Ann Williams, Shelby Hannah Witt, Baranda Ban'e Woods, Peter Yee and Fabian Ray Zuniga.

Gordon T. and Ellen West College of Education

Kerry Candice Baird, Caroline Grace Baird, Marissa Nicole Barber, Christopher M. Barninger, Cali Layne Barton, Lori Ann Beck, Brandi Beverly-Brothers, Emily Diane Billy, Justin Gage Bolton, Lacey Gail Boyd, Keldrick Demonne Bradford, Micaiah Ruth Bradford Jr., Savannah Jade Brown, Mayra Patricia Brown, Haley Marie Butler, JaCee Renae Byrd, Brianna Ellen Carsten, Amy Renee Casarez, Jessica Nicole Clayton, Tyler Cole Clement, Josie Nicole Coleman, Carlee Cassandra Crane, Kelly Rae Daniels, Carrington Leigh Davis, Natalie De La Sancha, Ethan Wyatt Dean, Veronica M. Deneumostier, Madelyne Faith Denslow, Jenna Christine Dooty, Kordell Micheal Dorman, Tiffany Lynn Doughty and Meagan Kelly Gladd DuFour.

Kiaundrea Adrienne-Patreace Durrough, Shelby Lynn Emerson, Jasmine Barbara Clarice Farrell, Keara Shyelle Janaè Felix, Macy Magdalene Flowers, Konnie Michelle Sewell Forney, Amber Dawn Frost, Victoria Skye Fulenwider, Brian Douglas Galbraith, Baylee Lou-Ann Gallaway, Grant Newman Giddings, Sabino Gomez, Trent Douglas Green, Hannah R. Harder, Justin Deantrea Harper, Ross Stuart Haunschild, Destinee Devae Henderson, Elijah Seth Hernandez, Jimmy Hernandez, Carol Sue Hibbs, Jonathan Hoard, Jhonae Angelica House, Jennifer Ann Hunt, Angela Elizabeth Huskey, Jordan N. Ingram, Paradize Nastassja Jackson, Eternity Shanice Jackson, Alexis Mackenzie Jackson, Donovan Barlow Jackson, Kimberly Ann Jennings and Amanda Jean Duckwall Johnson.

Brooke Nicole Karr, Lillian Grace Kaster, Presley Rae Kelley, Maya Rita Kendall, Alexis Jordan King-Brightmon, Paula Maxine Kiser, April Lene Koonse, Kacy Longan Latham, Abby Grace LeBeau, Joana Mae Leonor, Grant Everton Lewis, Avery Marie Luig, Felicia Gayle Mallett, Chesney Jeanne Mansell-Hamner, Hailee Nicole Marlett, Addison Mary Martin, Ivan Alejandro Martinez, Rafael Martinez de Leon, Taylor Loraine Mash, Ja'Juan Eldridge Mason, Joseph Benjamin McAfee, Caleb Joseph McCallum, Addison Blaine McCarther, Sergio Jose Medina, Jeremy Ray Miller, Alexandra Diane Moore, Bridget Leigh Moore, Katherine Victoria Moreno, Alyssa Jane Moulton, Jennifer Louise Nelson and Maria Juana Nevarez.

Vy Thuy Nguyen, Hannah Marie Nicholson, Keri Hayes Nicholson, Jordan Brooke Nickelson, Nathaniel A. Nicolas, Michellie Ann Nix, Trinity Shabré Beatrice Nolan, Abigail Ochoa, Jessica Ariana Odhiambo, Brody O'Donnell Offield, Derrick Mekenye Ogechi, Cynthia Ann Oliva, Jodi Olsen, Kylie Angela Overbey, John Brantley Overfield, Lee Anjannette Pagano, Chloe Ryanne Pak, Nainash Shirish Patel, Kylin Bray Danyale Peak, Elizabeth Ann Pegelow, Kolbe Garrett Penick, Jamie Kayle Perez, Jewell Marie Phillips, Joni Jay Pierre, Katelin Aliyah Polk, Alejandro De Jesus Prieto, Adriana Guadalupe Prieto Avila, Jesse J. Radil, Shayani Jasinta Ramos, Aquan James Randolph, Sarah Jean Vernell Reams, Hannah Elizabeth Reed and Marissa Nicole Resendez.

Charis Elizabeth Rhoades, Alex Ann Rhodes, Nolan Richardson IV, Brinton Marshil Richter, Dalton Wright Roberts, Hilda Aracely Rodriguez, Miguel Iram Rosas, Guy Fred Rourk IV, Clarissa Beth Ruiz, Katherine Adams Rushing, Makarios Anfernee Russell, Kathryn A. Ryan, Shelly Rae Sadler, Aubrey Nicole Salazar, Natalie Castañeda Sanchez, Jamie Micheale Sanders, Ashley Paige Sandlin, Elizabeth Ann Schneider, Victoria Ann Shea, Nicholas Dylan Slavinsky, Charles B. Smith, Rakeebria Keoncae Sparks, Lisa Michelle Stanley, Jared Thomas Steinkamp and Kasie Lynn Stites.

Tucker Ryan Strealy, Jean Mary Teague, Yen-Khanh Ton, Jose Enrique Torres Ibarra, Dung Tran, Keeley Ruth Trevino, Lauren Elizabeth Trevino, John Robert Tunnell, Lou Ann Underwood, Kelli Michelle Unkle, Cheyanne Rae Upton, Brian Scott Valls, Elizabeth A. van der Pol, Justin Mark Veitenheimer, Dallas Caydan Vicknair, Stephanie Sue Vogler, Joslin Faythe Wadlow, Jason Travis Way, Karah Lynn Weaver, Kevin Eugene Wheaton, Essence Allivia White, Melinda Rae Wilcox, Whitney Alexandria Williams, Joseph Thomas Williams, Katherine Leigh Wilson, Tiffani Marie Wilson, Macy Elaine Witthaus, Emmarose Wood, Leslie Youmans, Mikki M'Dee Zellner, Heather Anne Zimny and Keyara Alyssa Zuniga Dalton.