phd in holistic medicine

Doctor of Science in Integrative Healthcare

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Huntington University of Health Science’s ( HUHS ‘s) Doctor of Science in Integrative Healthcare program is unlike virtually any other doctorate program available in the U.S. or abroad. This dynamic, professional doctorate program is designed to provide healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to take an integrative approach to patient care through the application of principles associated with functional medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), and other integrative healthcare topics. It also prepares graduates to manage a CAM practice and to conduct CAM-oriented research. The D.Sc. program is offered exclusively online, and has no residential requirements.

Total Credits: 61 or 62 Transfer Credits Allowed: 9 Cost of Tuition per Credit: $540.00 Total Tuition of Program: $32,940.00 or $33,480.00

The D.Sc. program culminates in a capstone project. The capstone project is a substantial research project that is ultimately presented in the form of a dissertation that conforms to institutional standards.

A maximum of 9 credit hours may be transferred from previously completed graduate courses from other accredited institutions. The doctoral program is not eligible for credit by examination.

Program Outcomes:

Upon completion of the Doctor of Science in Integrative Healthcare degree program, the graduate will be able to:

• Analyze patient/client biochemistry and develop individualized healthcare programs based upon functional medicine techniques,
• Integrate complementary and alternative medicine modalities into their existing healthcare practice,
• Manage a complementary and alternative medicine practice,
• Conduct research within a complementary and alternative medicine practice,
• Synthesize relevant information from an understanding of clinical nutrition or other personalized healthcare concentration, and
• Make educated and informed decisions relevant to patient/client healthcare within the context of the CAM and functional medicine paradigm.

Academic prerequisites :

Applicants for the Doctor of Science in Integrative Healthcare must meet one of the following credentials:

• Master’s degree, or first professional degree program in a health related field from an accredited college/university with at least a 3.0 GPA or
• A minimum of a master’s degree from an accredited college/university with at least a 3.0 GPA and significant professional experience in a health related field.

Applicants for the Doctor of Science in Integrative Healthcare must have these prerequisite courses.

• General Chemistry
• Biochemistry

Note: If a student is accepted into the Doctor of Science in Integrative Healthcare and is missing any of the above prerequisite courses, they will need to take those courses prior to starting the doctorate program. The courses may be taken at HUHS or another accredited school.

Please click the tab of the concentration you are interested in.

DSc: Clinical Nutrition Concentration

Dsc: personalized concetration.

Graduate students who wish to gain a more in-depth understanding of nutritional medicine in clinical practice should take the Clinical Nutrition application.

The Clinical Nutrition Concentration consists of the following courses:

Core Courses (12 credits)

• EDU501 Doctoral Orientation
• HEA610 Complementary & Alternative Medicine (3)
• HEA620 Research in Complementary & Alternative Medicine (3)
• NUT650 Functional Medicine & Nutrition (3)
• BUS601 Management of a CAM Practice (3)

Examination

• HEA550 Qualifying Examination 1 (1)

Clinical Nutrition Concentration Courses

• BIO720 Cellular & Molecular Biology (3)
• NUT530 Nutrition Assessment (4)
• NUT710 Nutritional Medicine I (3)
• NUT711 Nutritional Medicine II (3)
• NUT712 Nutritional Medicine III (3)
• NUT720 Nutrigenomics (3)
• NUT730 Nutraceuticals & Functional Foods (3)

Elective Courses — choose 12 credits

• BIO510 Advanced Biochemistry (4)
• HEA701 Human Pathology (3)
• NUT525 Integrative Nutrition (4)
• NUT540 Clinical Nutrition (3)
• NUT555 Research in Integrative Nutrition (4)
• NUT565 Current Trends in Integrative Nutrition (3)
• NUT572 Lifespan Nutrition (3)
• NUT574 Community Nutrition (3)
• NUT576 Food and Culture (3)
• NUT578 Herbal Therapies and Alternative Healing (3)
• NUT703 Antioxidants (3)

Examinations & Capstone Project (15 credits)

• HEA650 Comprehensive Examination 2
• HEA750 Dissertation Seminar (3)
• HEA850 Capstone Project (12)

Total Credits:

• Clinical Nutrition Concentration: 62

1 Qualifying Examination must be completed after completion of Core Courses.

2 Comprehensive Examination must be completed after completion of Concentration and Elective Courses.

Those who wish to focus on an area of integrative healthcare not currently offered as part of a formalized program of study through HUHS should consider the personalized concentration.

Through prior agreement with course instructors, students might use various sources of information as a basis for learning, include any combination of attending symposiums or seminars, reading textbooks or scientific literature, participation in a research project, or participation in a professional activity related to the health sciences.

Examples of Personalized Concentrations:

• Holistic Nursing
• Phytotherapy
• Dietary Supplement Science
• Integrative Healthcare Education

The Personalized Concentration consists of the following courses:

Personalized Concentration Courses

• HEA710 Special Topics in Health Sciences I (3)
• HEA711 Special Topics in Health Sciences II (3)
• HEA712 Special Topics in Health Sciences III (3)
• HEA713 Special Topics in Health Sciences IV (3)
• HEA714 Special Topics in Health Sciences V (3)
• HEA715 Special Topics in Health Sciences VI (3)
• HEA716 Special Topics in Health Sciences VII (3)
• Personalized Concentration: 61

Certified Clinical Nutritionist ( CCN ) Examination

Graduates of the D.Sc. program meet the core education requirements for the Certified Clinical Nutritionist exam through the Clinical Nutrition Certification Board ( CNCB ). Visit www.cncb.org for eligibility requirements.

American Clinical Board of Nutrition (ACBN)

The American Clinical Board of Nutrition (ACBN) is a certifying agency in nutrition accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), which certifies programs based on the highest quality standards in professional certification to ensure the programs adhere to modern standards of practice in the certification industry.

The ACBN is one of only a very few certifying agencies in nutrition to offer Diplomate status to all professionals in the health care field beyond the doctorate level in the United States and Internationally. Certificants of the ACBN hold the distinction of Diplomate, American Clinical Board of Nutrition (DACBN) Candidates for the DACBN examination are required to provide proof of completion of a 300-hour clinical nutrition course from an accredited institution.

Please do note that none of our programs are intended to lead towards a Registered Dietitian (RD) credential.

Please see our Registered Dietitian Disclosure .

Since there are states and/or countries that have regulations as to the educational requirements and use of various occupational titles, we suggest that you check with your state to see if there are any applicable regulations. Students are responsible for determining if their country or state has any requirements with regards to providing nutrition counseling or services.

In any case, the use of “Registered Dietitian” or “Dietitian” are restricted to those individuals who met the credentialing requirements of the American Dietetic Association.

The American Nutrition Association® (Formerly the Center for Nutrition Advocacy®) is an excellent resource for those interested in pursuing a career in Nutrition.

The  Council of Holistic Health Educators  is an excellent resource for those interested in pursuing a career in Nutrition.

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Alternative Medicine and Holistic Health Graduate Programs in America

1-14 of 14 results

School of Medicine - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

• Chapel Hill, NC ·
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ·
• Graduate School
• · Rating 4.5 out of 5   2 reviews

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ,

Graduate School ,

CHAPEL HILL, NC ,

2 Niche users give it an average review of 4.5 stars.

Featured Review: Graduate Student says UNC is a great school and has a wonderful public health program. Gillings is a very collaborative environment and the faculty are very engaged with students. .

Read 2 reviews.

Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts

• Los Angeles, CA ·
• Loyola Marymount University ·

Blue checkmark.

Loyola Marymount University ,

LOS ANGELES, CA ,

Henrietta Schmoll School of Health

• St Paul, MN ·
• St. Catherine University ·
• · Rating 4.75 out of 5   4 reviews

St. Catherine University ,

ST PAUL, MN ,

4 Niche users give it an average review of 4.8 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says Excellent class material. Professors are knowledgeable and invested in their students and their learning! Nooks are often offered through the library for free. Collaboration with professors and other... .

Read 4 reviews.

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• Occupational Safety and Health Technician Graduate Programs
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College of Professional Studies - National University

• San Diego, CA ·
• National University ·
• · Rating 3 out of 5   4 reviews

National University ,

SAN DIEGO, CA ,

4 Niche users give it an average review of 3 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says National University has been a great experience. Administration and staff is supportive and extremely knowledgeable. .

Maharishi International University

• Fairfield, IA ·
• · Rating 3.09 out of 5   22 reviews

FAIRFIELD, IA ,

22 Niche users give it an average review of 3.1 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says MIU is probably not for everyone. But I feel like I’ve found my educational home. I’ve made amazing connections! It is not a high-ranking university, partly because of the specialized programs. It is... It is a great educational community! .

Read 22 reviews.

Columbia College Chicago

• Chicago, IL ·
• · Rating 4.46 out of 5   26 reviews

CHICAGO, IL ,

26 Niche users give it an average review of 4.5 stars.

Featured Review: Other says One of the best community college in Chicago. Your taught to profession. If You live in the surrounding suburbs around the Chicago land the community is easy sail. There’s so much to offer in the area such as activities and fun and adventures site seeing things to do. The... .

Read 26 reviews.

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Maryland University of Integrative Health

• Laurel, MD ·
• · Rating 4.69 out of 5   13 reviews

LAUREL, MD ,

13 Niche users give it an average review of 4.7 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says I haven’t started yet! I begin September 9, 23. I’m eager for the cooking classes the most. I’ve been holding out on school for quite some time now and I’m a bit nervous. School is financially... .

Read 13 reviews.

Bastyr University

• Kenmore, WA ·
• · Rating 4.35 out of 5   20 reviews

KENMORE, WA ,

20 Niche users give it an average review of 4.4 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says The Masters of Science in Midwifery program at Bastyr University is the best direct entry midwifery school in the U.S.! The coursework is centered around healthcare justice which requires students as... .

Read 20 reviews.

Antioch University New England

• Keene, NH ·
• · Rating 4 out of 5   22 reviews

KEENE, NH ,

22 Niche users give it an average review of 4 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says I haven't started yet, but I'm starting in Fall 2024 and the onboarding process has been seamless and I'm excited to get my CMHC Master's! .

National University of Natural Medicine

• Portland, OR ·
• · Rating 4.63 out of 5   19 reviews

PORTLAND, OR ,

19 Niche users give it an average review of 4.6 stars.

Featured Review: Doctoral Student says The best part of my academic experience is note packets from our professors with up to date information and citations. I am happy to hold onto these into the time that I practice to have evidence... .

Read 19 reviews.

American College of Healthcare Sciences

• · Rating 4.75 out of 5   20 reviews

20 Niche users give it an average review of 4.8 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says Everything in life is what we make of it. Therefore, those students who commit, get organized, and allocate time succeed regardless of what happens. The courses are well structured, and there are... .

School of Arts & Sciences - Georgian Court University

• Lakewood, NJ ·
• Georgian Court University ·

Georgian Court University ,

LAKEWOOD, NJ ,

• Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs
• Radiation Therapy Graduate Programs

College of Business and Professional Studies - John F Kennedy University

• Pleasant Hill, CA ·
• John F Kennedy University ·

John F Kennedy University ,

PLEASANT HILL, CA ,

College of Professional Studies - National University of Health Sciences

• Lombard, IL ·
• National University of Health Sciences ·
• · Rating 5 out of 5   2 reviews

National University of Health Sciences ,

LOMBARD, IL ,

2 Niche users give it an average review of 5 stars.

Featured Review: Niche User says Son muy organizados y a disposición para ayudar, deberian ser mas persistentes a la hora de gastos. En mi experiencia no tengo queja alguna alguna, ya que me brindaron mucha ayuda .

Showing results 1 through 14 of 14

Doctor of Philosophy in Holistic Medicine & Healing Nutrition Degree Program

University of Natural Health® offers degrees in Holistic Medicine such as a PhD in Holistic Medicine . Earn your prestigious Doctorate in Holistic Medicine through our Holistic Medicine Course Program that specializes in food as thy medicine as a special healing process. As an Alternative Medicine School, we offer degrees in alternative medicine such as an Alternative Medicine PhD. Our graduates are trained to teach the healing benefits of eating mostly alkaline foods that are organically grown and properly combined. Graduates of our Doctorate in Alternative Medicine & Course Program gain an understanding of a superior form of Holistic Non-Medical Healing Nutrition by strictly eating raw fruits & vegetables that follow the principles of The AAA Diet.

DHM-101-E: Fasting: The Spiritual Art of Restoring & Preserving Health

This course demystifies the practice of Fasting when ill by restoring one’s health. During a fast, the body rests and then uses the recuperated energy to repair itself. Fasting is the quickest, safest, and most natural practice known to reverse and eliminate acute and chronic disease. When cellular integrity and organic structures have been compromised, complete reversal and recovery sometimes may not be possible, but at least one should achieve a higher form of health in most cases.  (4 credits)

(Elective marked: ” — E.” is suggested but NOT required for the Program.)

DHM-102: Maximum, Physical Body & Spiritual Natural Healing Energy Concepts

This course will teach you how to  “Remove The Cause”  of your  Toxic Condition, Physically, Mentally and Spiritually  which is draining the nerve energy from your body and thereby laying the foundation for all sorts of physical, mental and spiritually diseased conditions. (4 credits)

DHM-103: Advanced Holistic Medicine & Nature Healing Concepts: Part I

“ They that be whole need not a physician but them that are sick .”

This course will teach the Holistic Medicinal & Natural Healing, Spiritual and Physical Laws of Nature in relation to attaining Pristine Health and Holistic Medicine Healing. It is important humans learn how to keep themselves “Physically” and “Spiritually” clean and learn how to avoid living an Unclean ” lifestyle, if we wish to allow our body to heal itself as well as keeping itself healthy.

It is important to realize the  “Holistic Medicinal & Natural Healing, Physical & Spiritual”  connection that  we are not spiritually and physically the sum of our parts, but the sum of our “whole” mind, body and soul  because we cannot separate their parts from the combined whole without serious, unhealthy consequences. We have all been given the spiritual power and gift of healing and we have a responsibility to share this gift with all people .   (4 credits)

DHM- 104: Advanced Holistic Medicine & Nature Healing Concepts: Part II

This course will teach the Holistic Medicinal & Natural Healing, Spiritual and Physical Laws of Nature in relation to attaining Pristine Health and Healing. It is important humans learn how to keep themselves “Physically” and “Spiritually” clean and learn how to avoid living an Unclean ” lifestyle, if we wish to allow our body to heal itself as well as keeping itself healthy.

DHM-105: Advanced Neurobiology of Beliefs

This course will teach you that we must maintain a condition of physical, mental and spiritual cleanliness. How? By  “ allowing us to purify ourselves from everything that pollutes either spirit, mind, body and soul ” . Why? Because your brain is the hardware of your soul and the very essence of a human being. It will teach you scientific evidence that your anxiety, depression, anger, obsessive and compulsive behaviors are all related to the Neuro Biological workings of your brain and if it is polluted and in a toxic condition then the brain will not function properly. This course will teach you how to “ Remove The Cause ” of your toxic condition, Physically, Mentally, and Spiritually. (4 credits)

DHM-106: How To Develop a Successful Natural Medicine Counseling Business Practice

This course teaches the legal requirements in your state on how to conduct a successful Natural Medicine & Healing Nutrition Counseling Business Practice.” The course will teach the student advanced advertising strategies as well as conducting successful seminars. This course will teach the student mindful practices that will help them to achieve amazing success in their client’s daily and healthful living habits as an integrated whole! (4 credits)

DHM-107: Behavioral Science of Disease

This course focuses on the correction of disease through a process referred to as “Orthopathy” or the Practice of “Orthopathics”. “Ortho” means “upright, correct.” “Pathology” means the “study of disease” or “the study of suffering.” “Disease is right action or right suffering,” says Dr. Jennings, the greatest pathologist of the 19th century. This course covers definitions, etiologies, and very effective, Natural and Hygienic Healing Formulas of disease as presented by Dr. Herbert M. Shelton. (4 credits)

DHM-108-E: The Whole Nature of Spirituality Defined

This course will teach you the “holistic nature” of spiritual cleanliness. Why? “Know The Law is Spiritual” because physical cleanliness is a symbol of spiritual cleanliness. (4 credits)

DHM-109: Doctorate’s Thesis or Sports Nutrition & Physiology (Student’s Choice)

• Doctorate Thesis

a. The student will select a thesis statement and develop it into a 3,000-word, typed, double-spaced Doctorate’s Thesis on a specific aspect of natural health, as applied in his or her own life and/or in the lives of others. The student may draw upon any or all of the material from the Doctorate Program in the elaboration of the Doctorate Thesis. (4.0 credits)

2. Sports Nutrition & Physiology

b. This course presents a modern and thoroughly up-to-date 21st century study on the physiology of the human organism with a specific focus on the sports physiology of the digestive tract as it relates to sports nutrition for optimum power, strength and endurance. “You are not what you eat but what you assimilate that determines power, strength and endurance.” (4 credits)

DHM-110–E: The Mind of The Spirit (Optional)

The course will teach you that “minding the spirit” (“ones way of thinking” or “mind-set”) as a spiritual person will empower you with a “Spiritual & Active Force”. This course will teach you that if you “sow with a view towards corruption of your spirit, mind, body and soul, you will reap corruption, but if you sow with a spiritual, wholesome view towards living, ‘mind, body, spirit and soul,’ you have chosen to continuously perfect your life in order that you may continue to live the Mind Of The Spirit” (4.0 credits)

“All COURSES AND MATERIALS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT THE DISCRETION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL HEALTH.”

See: NATURAL MEDICINE DEGREES

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Integrative Health

We offer a full range of integrative health certificate, diploma and degree plans, explore your passion for wellness.

Integrative Health incorporates modern science with holistic health modalities and wellness principles. When used in a clinical setting, it provides a practical, individualized wellness support strategy for optimal health and whole-body health.

Our integrative health programs teach you how to create and coordinate these modalities into the client’s daily life to advance the individual’s health care goals, create manageable self-care, and maintainable whole heath wellness protocols for longevity.

Careers Include:

• Health and Wellness Coach
• Consultant or  Educator
• Writer, or Speaker
• Allied Healthcare professionals
• Government or community-based integrative healthcare advisor
• Health Consultant for Community Health Organizations

Browse Courses in Integrative Health at ACHS

You can find all of our courses on integrative health and wellness by clicking the following link:.

Current Integrative Health Courses

Certificates:

• Certificate in Integrative Health & Fitness Training
• Certificate in Wellness Consulting
• Certificate in Natural Products Manufacturing
• Diploma in Holistic Health Practice

Associate Degrees:

• Associate of Applied Science in Health & Wellness
• Associate of Applied Science in Integrative Health Sciences (formerly AAS in Complementary Alternative Medicine)

Bachelor Degree :

• Bachelor of Science in Integrative Health Sciences

Master Degrees:

• Master of Science in Integrative Health Sciences (formerly Master of Science in Complementary Alternative Medicine )
• Master of Science in Health & Wellness

Graduate Certificates:

• Graduate Certificate in Aromatherapy
• Graduate Certificate in Integrative Health and Wellness (formerly Graduate Certificate in Complementary Alternative Medicine)
• Graduate Certificate in Wellness Coaching

Doctorate Degree:

• Doctor of Science in Integrative Health

Ready To Turn Your Passion Into a Career?

Frequently asked questions, integrative health questions.

An integrative health practitioner (IHP) provides a bridge between conventional medical recommendations and holistic health that encompass the whole person.

Their responsibility is to support a client with their physician’s medical assessment while establishing optimal health and wellness through the balanced implementation of integrative health modalities.

To obtain the training and qualifications needed to become a Holistic Health Practitioner, it is essential to pursue an  Accredited Associate’s or Bachelor’s degree in Integrative Health.  You will need to gain a deep understanding of the array of holistic health modalities available such as aromatherapy, herbal medicine, lifestyle modifications, wellness coaching, and holistic nutrition 

It is imperative to study biological sciences such as anatomy, physiology, psychology, biology, and chemistry as they are fundamental to the HHP.  ACHS wellness coaching programs follow the ethical and professional guidelines from the International Coach Federation (ICF). These guidelines help shape you as a professional certified wellness coach. 

Your training at ACHS will help you establish and build individualized client-support plans focusing on manageable and maintainable goals for optimal success. 

The ICF ethical guidelines and professional standards include:

It’s easy! If you’re ready to apply to an online integrative health program with ACHS, you can  start your application here . If you’re interested in starting out with a single integrative health course, start  your single course application here .

Still wondering what to expect during the application process? An admissions advisor is happy to speak to you at a time that works for you. Schedule an appointment with an admissions advisor  here .

Integrative health encompasses many areas of complementary and alternative medicine; including, aromatherapy, herbal medicine, holistic nutrition, exercise, and mind and body relaxation.

Explore the   National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) . NCCIH  is the Federal Government’s lead agency for scientific research on the diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine. NCCIH was formerly known as the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

Gain insight from  Psychiatric Times  on complementary and integrative health approaches to PTSD.

The Institute for Integrative Health  aims to create a wellness and medical model to shift our society’s focus from managing disease to promoting lifelong health.

The Latest From Our Blog

More about integrative health, check out these articles for in-depth insights and cutting-edge tips that will enhance your career in integrative health.

Alumni Highlight: Body-Positive Yoga

• Aug 27, 2021

Industry Leaders

Achs partnerships & affiliations.

Alumni Highlight: Helping Moms Break Free From Overindulging

• Aug 5, 2021

Student Highlight: H2a Botanicals

• Jul 9, 2021

Student Highlight: Armed Forces to Holistic Business Owner

• Apr 9, 2021

ACHS Partnerships & Affiliations

Campus & Apothecary Shoppe

5005 S. Macadam Ave. Portland, OR 97239

Campus & Shoppe Hours

Monday through Friday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. PST

800-487-8839 503-244-0726

Business Hours

Monday through Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. PST

Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine

Naturopathy Doctorate Degree Program Overview

Become a naturopathic doctor at Bastyr University, an accredited naturopathic medical school. This degree program will train you to diagnose and treat disease using a wellness-first, natural model focusing on improving the function of the whole body versus an over-reliance on medications and surgical procedures.   

This full-time, in-person medical school experience has two main components – basic science and clinical practice. The coursework requires strong scholastic ability, full-time attention and is designed to provide you with an integrated view of the structure and function of the human body, as well as diagnostic, management, and treatment skills. You will have a LOT to learn over four to five years. Starting in your first year you will gain access to the Bastyr clinics where you will begin to merge what you learn in the classroom with real-life scenarios with real-life patients. 

• 4 years for full-time students
• 5+ years for dual-degree tracks

Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND) Degree

$598/credit hour (average)

Program Highlights

Online, Asynchronous

Per Academic Year Fall, Winter, Spring

10 courses each 4.5 credit hours

ND Program Details

See the tentative schedule for courses each quarter. 

Prerequisites

• Bachelor's degree with a 3.0 GPA or higher
• Prerequisite Courses - must have a 3.0 prerequisite GPA average or higher with a C grade minimum in each course

In addition to completion of a bachelor's degree (or higher) from a regionally accredited college/university or its foreign equivalent, prerequisite coursework is required preparation for the study of naturopathic medicine.  Bastyr University Admissions advisors can discuss details of prerequisite fulfillment. Applicants may apply with coursework still in progress, but must complete prerequisites before beginning the program. No credit is given for prerequisite coursework earning a C- or lower.   

Students may take individual, science-based prerequisites as a non-matriculated student. If you wish to discuss taking specific prerequisites at Bastyr, please contact Admissions.  Here  is a list of courses offered. 

Coursework 

The following coursework is the minimum required preparation for the study of naturopathic medicine. Applicants may apply with coursework still in progress, but prerequisites must be completed prior to matriculation. View prerequisites available at Bastyr University. 

Prerequisite Coursework

• General Biology I and II + Labs

(Biology courses must cover concepts in cellular biology and genetics)

• General Chemistry I and II + Labs
• Organic Chemistry I and II + Labs

(Biochemistry can be taken in place of Organic Chemistry II)

(Calculus or algebra based, no lab required)

• College Algebra or higher
• General Psychology

Please note: Required chemistry and biology courses must be intended for science majors and no older than seven years at the point of admission. If completing prerequisites on a quarter system, one full year will be required for general chemistry and biology courses. All prerequisites are subject to review.

Strongly Recommended Courses 

Though not required for admission, faculty recommend students complete biochemistry, anatomy and physiology, and microbiology coursework in addition to the prerequisite requirements. These courses will substantially enhance students' ability to master the naturopathic course material. 

Transfer Information

Bastyr accepts graduate and undergraduate transfer credits earned at accredited colleges and universities.  Learn what you need to make this process go smoothly.

Financial Aid

For more information, see tuition and fees. 

Career Opportunities

A career in naturopathic medicine offers a life’s work helping people thrive.

• Naturopathic doctor working as a primary natural care physician in private practice or in an integrative medicine clinic
• Research in natural medicine
• Naturopathic consultant/advocate in industry, insurance or the political arena
• Wellness entrepreneur
• Natural medicine spokesperson/advisor
• Rural community doctor
• Dietary supplement entrepreneur or natural products specialist
• Corporate wellness educator
• Public health administrator
• Natural medicine author/public speaker
• Faculty member in a naturopathic or conventional medical institution

The Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine program at Bastyr has been the most challenging, enriching, and fulfilling experience of my academic career. In addition to the intellectual rigor of the didactic classes, you are challenged in both your ability to provide the best care for your patients and your capacity to become a beacon of change and hope for a better health care system at large. Throughout this program, your strengths become refined and your weaknesses evolve into invaluable experiences for growth towards becoming a doctor. The network of clinicians, professors, colleagues, and friends that you cultivate during your time here is the foundation of support from which true leaders grow.

Alexis Gonzales

Naturopathic Clinical Training

Train at Bastyr's teaching clinics in San Diego and Seattle and help spread access to natural medicine at our community care sites. Your naturopathic primary care training emphasizes the highest standards in patient assessment, differential diagnosis, medical record documentation, referral practices and patient follow-up. The clinic’s natural, non-invasive approach evaluates the whole person to resolve health problems and support a healthy lifestyle that helps prevent illness.

Post-Graduate Residency Program

Apply what you have learned and launch your naturopathic career. Bastyr University has a well-established residency program at the Bastyr Center for Natural Health and a Bastyr University Clinic. In addition, the University has several affiliate residency training programs. The School of Naturopathic Medicine is a recognized sponsor of postdoctoral naturopathic medical education by the Council of Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME).

Need Science Prerequisites? Take them at Bastyr!

You may need several courses in order to join your program. Instead of waiting to finish those before joining the Bastyr community, why not take some or all of those at a Bastyr campus? You will be able to experience learning amongst a cohort that shares your passion for natural medicine.

Faculty Spotlight

Kristina Conner

ND, MSOM, LAc

After completing her ND residency, Dr. Conner started her private practice in Indiana, when there were only a few NDs in the state. Subsequently, Dr. Conner became increasingly involved in…

Reese Pellegrini

Dr. Reese Pellegrini earned their doctorate in naturopathic medicine from Bastyr University and then completed three years of residency at Bastyr's teaching clinic, Bastyr Center for…

Gregory Yasuda

Dr. Yasuda has been in private practice since 2003 and has been a faculty member at Bastyr University since 2009. He is also a contributing editor of the Textbook of Natural Medicine,…

Cynthia Hope

​​​​​​Dr. Hope has clinical interests in biofeedback, botanical medicine, hydrotherapy, and physical medicine. Prior to her work as a clinic supervisor at Bastyr University Clinic, Dr…

Emma Norton

Previous to joining Bastyr University, Dr. Norton's past experience includes her role as an assistant professor at the University of Bridgeport College of Naturopathic Medicine, as well as…

Seattle, Washington Campus

Set in the heart of the Pacific Northwest, Bastyr’s expansive Seattle-area campus provides a serene, natural environment for students to deepen their health education.

San Diego, California Campus

Located in sunny San Diego, Bastyr’s idyllic California campus is perfectly situated to provide students with endless opportunities for healthy living and a world-class educational experience.

Naturopathic Medicine News

June is Men's Health Month: Prioritizing Well-being at Bastyr Clinics

May 29, 2024

Natural Treatments for Seasonal Allergies

Mar 27, 2024

Naturopathic vs. Conventional Medical School

May 17, 2023

Site Search

Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine

The National University of Natural Medicine in Portland, Oregon, is North America’s first and most renowned naturopathic medical school. At NUNM, we offer a meticulously crafted four-year program that paves the way for you to achieve a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND) degree accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME).

Our program seamlessly integrates traditional naturopathic modalities with modern clinical healthcare practices and principles with modern clinical training , guided by renowned faculty who enable you to shape the future of naturopathic medicine .

Your First Year: In-Person or Online

Experience flexibility with our innovative and unique online option for the first year, allowing you to complete 25% of your ND degree remotely. Join us at NUNM to experience the most comprehensive naturopathic program in North America and become an integral part of shaping the future of healthcare.  

By the Numbers

Optional First Year Online

Program Length: 4 or 5 Years 

Total Credits: 302 Hours

Per Credit Cost: $504

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Clinical Training in Naturopathic Medicine

Clinical training in the Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine program will expose you to the most diverse patient population of any naturopathic medical school. Students at NUNM learn real-world clinical skills starting in year one , completing more than 1,200 clinical learning hours upon graduation. Our on-campus teaching clinic is certified as a Tier 4 Patient-Centered Primary Care Home (PCPCH) .

In addition to being recognized as a leader in patient-centered care, this designation allows us to serve Oregon’s Medicaid population. More than 50% of our patients are on Medicaid and for some, coming to our clinic may be the first time they see a doctor of any kind. For our students, this provides exposure to treating patients with acute, complex and chronic symptoms. 

Accreditation and Licensure  

NUNM is institutionally accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU). The ND program is accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME). Both are governing bodies recognized by the U.S. Department of Education. Graduates are eligible to sit for the national board examinations administered by NABNE, the basis for naturopathic licensure in states that recognize naturopathic physicians. Learn more about licensure in the United States for naturopathic physicians.  

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Questions about the program or application process? Contact NUNM Admissions today!

Program News

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NUNM students lead events to celebrate Naturopathic Medicine Week 2024: May 12-18

Patricia Filbin unlocks the power of naturopathic therapies for mental, neurological disorders

Dr. Nini Callan looks to understand the myofascial complex, role in health and disease

Program Options

The Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine program may be taken concurrently with the following programs.

Admissions Requirements for ND

Completion of a bachelor's degree from an accredited college/university or its foreign equivalent

A GPA of 3.0 or higher (strongly recommended)

Prerequisite Courses

Prerequisite courses are designed to ensure entering students are academically prepared for the curriculum of the program. Prerequisite courses may be substituted with comparable coursework if the learning objectives are met at the determination of the Admissions Committee, utilizing the evaluation procedures set by that committee.

• Biological Sciences — 2 Courses Science-major level. Competencies may be met through courses such as: cell biology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, genetics, botany, etc. Content should cover cell biology. Lab work required.
• Chemical Sciences — 4 Courses Science-major level. Two sequential courses in both general and organic chemistry; biochemistry may serve as a substitute for one organic chemistry course. Lab work required for the general chemistry series.
• General Physics — 1 Course
• Mathematics — 1 Course Must be in algebra, calculus, or statistics.
• English Composition — 1 Course
• Psychology — 1 Course Any general psychology course 100-level or higher.
• Social Sciences & Humanities — 2 Courses Courses in the areas of anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, law, linguistics, politics, psychology, sociology art, religion, philosophy, literature, music and other related fields will satisfy this requirement.

A grade of C or better is required for all prerequisite coursework. Candidates may apply while in progress.

Documents and Essays

Applicants are required to submit essays to be considered for admission. Essays provide applicants the opportunity to share their background, abilities, interests and experiences, and how these will make them a good candidate for the programs at NUNM. Applicants should share some personal experiences and genuine thoughts in their essays. Explaining why you are applying to NUNM and how you would enrich that community is also helpful. The Admissions Committee will look for writing ability, as well as content when reading the essays.

Required Documents and Essays for the ND Program

A chronological resume of work, educational, and volunteer experience. Include work experience, internships, research, activities, publications, community service, and any honors/awards received.

Personal Statement

Please write a 2–3 page personal statement, which should include: the development of your decision to become a naturopathic physician or CCM practitioner; recent steps taken to further explore this career path; qualities and/or attributes you might bring to NUNM that might distinguish you from other applicants. (double spaced)

ND : Primary Care

While you might not choose to ultimately practice as a primary care physician, you will be trained as such at NUNM and will be expected to work with all patients without bias or discrimination. Please discuss how you anticipate dealing with the following situations while you are a student at NUNM : a) Providing healthcare to patients who may differ from you in terms of gender identity, religion, political viewpoints, race, sexual orientation, etc. b) Providing treatments that you may have conflicting personal beliefs around but are necessary parts of your naturopathic education, including but not limited to administration of immunizations, pharmaceutical drugs, homeopathy, hormone therapies for patients undergoing gender transitions, etc. (maximum 1,000 words, double spaced)

Estimated Program Cost

* The prices listed above reflect an estimate based on the 2023-2024 academic year.

** Click the dollar amount to see an itemized list of fees for the ND program.

Total ND Degree Credits

Core program credits, elective credits, total required credits, admissions requirements for nd/mac.

• Humanities — 1 Course Courses in the areas of art, religion, philosophy, literature, music, and other related fields will satisfy this requirement.

Required Documents and Essays for the ND/MAc Program

Please discuss the specific factors that drew you to apply to the MAc Classical Chinese Medicine program at NUNM .

The above tuition numbers reflect only the cost of the primary program (Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine). Concurrent degree plans are established individually and each term is priced accordingly. The credit hour fee is consistent across all graduate programs.

Total MAc Degree Credits

Admissions requirements for nd/mscgh, required documents and essays for the nd/mscgh program, mscgh personal statement.

Please share what interests you about this program, why you believe you’re a good match for the program, and what you hope to do in the future with this degree. (2000 words max, double spaced)

Total MScGH Degree Credits

Admissions requirements for nd/mscn, required documents and essays for the nd/mscn program, mscn : career goals.

Speaking to your background in nutrition, interests, and philosophy around nutrition, please share how you plan to use nutrition in your career. (maximum of 1,600 words, double spaced)

Total MScN Degree Credits

Admissions requirements for nd/mscr.

• Mathematics — 2 Courses Must be pre-calculus, calculus 1, or statistics.

Required Documents and Essays for the ND/MSCR Program

Mscr : background and goals.

Please speak to your career goals, background in research or research-related interests, and what interests you about integrative medicine research. (maximum of 1,600 words, double spaced)

Total MSCR Degree Credits

Admissions requirements for nd/macchm, required documents and essays for the nd/macchm program.

Please discuss the specific factors that drew you to apply to the Classical Chinese Medicine program at NUNM .

Total MAcCHM Degree Credits

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Accredited Naturopathic Schools

Accredited schools overview.

The Council on Naturopathic Medical Education accredits four-year, campus-based doctoral programs in naturopathic medicine (ND programs) that qualify graduates for licensure in the U.S. and Canada. CNME does not accredit online ND programs, and these programs do not qualify individuals for licensure.

Accreditation is a rigorous process that ensures schools are providing a standards-based education that combines traditional natural health knowledge with modern medical training. Schools are required to meet certain standards before being accredited and must be reaccredited at least every seven years. The standards are public and transparent and can be viewed in the CNME Handbook of Accreditation . Only graduates from CNME accredited schools/programs are eligible for licensure in U.S. states and Canadian province that regulate naturopathic doctors.

Bastyr University

Naturopathic Medicine Program (Washington State campus) 14500 Juanita Drive, N.E. Kenmore, Washington 98028-4966 425.823.1300 bastyr.edu

Naturopathic Medicine Program (California campus) 4106 Sorrento Valley Boulevard San Diego, California 92121 425.823.1300 bastyr.edu

In February 2021, the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM) and the Boucher Institute of Naturopathic Medicine (BINM) merged into a single, combined naturopathic institution under the name Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine. The merged institution offers ND programs at both the CCNM campus in Toronto, Ontario, and at the former BINM campus in New Westminster, British Columbia; both programs are CNME-accredited. For more information on the merged institution, contact CCNM or CNME.

Initial CNME accreditation was granted September 2000 and last reaffirmed in May 2020. The next full-scale evaluation is scheduled for winter 2027, with a decision on continued accreditation to be made in spring 2028. The college is recognized by all Canadian provinces that regulate naturopathic doctors.

National University of Health Sciences

Naturopathic Medicine Program 200 E. Roosevelt Road Lombard, Illinois 60148 800.826.6285 nuhs.edu

Initial CNME accreditation was granted in November 1999 and last reaffirmed in May 2019. The next full-scale evaluation is scheduled for fall 2025, with a decision on continued accreditation to be made in spring 2026. The university has institutional accreditation with the Higher Learning Commission, a U.S. Department of Education recognized institutional accrediting agency.

Universidad Ana G. Méndez

Naturopathic Medicine Program P.O. Box 3030 Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778 787.743.7979 uagm.edu

Initial CNME accreditation was granted in January 2021, retroactive to May 2020, for a period of four years. Since the evaluation visit for initial accreditation was conducted virtually due to COVID-19 related impediments, the CNME conducted a follow-up, interim onsite visit in the spring of 2023. The next comprehensive evaluation visit for reaccreditation is scheduled for the spring of 2024 with a decision on continued accreditation to be made at the spring 2024 Council meeting. The university has institutional accreditation with the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, a U.S. Department of Education-recognized institutional accrediting agency.

Candidate Programs

Note that candidacy, sometimes referred to as “pre-accreditation,” precedes accreditation. Candidate ND programs are similar to accredited programs: they meet the same standards as accredited programs, and their graduates are eligible for licensure in the U.S. and Canada. Candidate programs have five years in which to achieve accreditation.

Currently, there are no candidate ND programs.

Previously Accredited ND Programs No Longer in Operation or Merged with Another Institution

Boucher institute of naturopathic medicine.

Naturopathic Medicine Program Suite 300 435 Columbia Street New Westminster, BC V3L 5N8 Canada 416.498.1255 ccnm.edu

Initial accreditation of BINM’s ND program was granted December 2008, and reaccreditation was last granted October 2019 retroactive to May 2018.

In February 2021, the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM) and the Boucher Institute of Naturopathic Medicine (BINM) merged into a single, combined naturopathic institution under the name Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine. The merged institution will continue to offer ND programs at both the CCNM campus in Toronto, Ontario, and at the former BINM campus in New Westminster, British Columbia, which is now is a branch campus of CCNM. Both of the ND programs retain their CNME accreditation status in accordance with the CCNM accreditation cycle.

For transcripts and other information related to the former Boucher Institute of Naturopathic Medicine ND program prior to BINM’s merger with CCNM, contact: [email protected]

University of Bridgeport School of Naturopathic Medicine

Naturopathic Medicine Program 60 Lafayette Street Bridgeport, Connecticut 06604 203.576.4109 bridgeport.edu

Accreditation was initially granted in March 2006 and last reaffirmed in October 2018, retroactive to May 2018. The University of Bridgeport announced in 2019 that it would officially discontinue its ND program, and the university graduated its final class of ND students in May 2022.

For transcripts and other information related to the University of Bridgeport’s discontinued ND program, contact: [email protected]

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BOARD CERTIFICATION:  upon completion of these programs, you are qualified to Board Certify with American Association of Natural Wellness Practitioners (AANWP) and American Natural Wellness Practitioners Board (ANWPB)

Doctor of Naturopathy (N.D.)

Asterisks (*) indicate courses that may be substituted.  When choosing electives, you may take the course listed on your contract agreement or you may replace the course with ANY course from ANY program offered by KCNH.  Be reminded KCNH replaces course for course, NOT credit hours. 

If your state law precludes you from using ND, we can substitute the degree title with: Doctor of Traditional Naturopathy (DTN).

 Doctor of Naturopathy Course Descriptions

Doctor of Philosophy in Orthomolecular Medicine (Ph.D.)

Asterisks (*) indicate courses that may be substituted.  When choosing electives, you may take the course listed on your contract agreement or you may replace the course with ANY course from ANY program offered by KCNH.  Be reminded KCNH replaces course for course, NOT credit hours.    

Doctor of Philosophy in Orthomolecular Medicine Course Descriptions

Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Medicine (Ph.D.)

Doctor of medicinal herbalism (m.h.d.) (pharmacognosy).

Doctor of Medicinal Herbalism (M.H.D) Course Descriptions

Doctor of Philosophy in Homeopathic Psychology and Human Behavior (Ph.D.)

Doctor of Philosophy in Homeopathic Psychology & Human Behavior Course Descriptions

Doctor of Homeopathy (D.Hom.)

Doctor of naturopathic psychology (d.n.psy.), doctor of natural health (d.n.h.).

Asterisks (*) indicate courses that may be substituted.  When choosing electives, you may take the course listed on your contract agreement or you may replace the course with ANY course from ANY program offered by KCNH.  Be reminded KCNH replaces course for course, NOT credit hours.  

Doctor of Natural Health Course Descriptions

Doctor of Science in Clinical Nutrition (D.Sc.)

Learn more about State Regulation of Nutrition Practice HERE.

Doctor of Science in Clinical Nutrition Course Descriptions

Doctor of Holistic Functional Medicine (D.H.F.M.) Program A

Asterisks (*) indicate courses that may be substituted.  When choosing electives, you may take the course listed on your contract agreement or you may replace the course with ANY course from ANY program offered by KCNH.  Be reminded KCNH replaces course for course, NOT credit hours. The classification of Degree A does NOT appear on the degree nor the transcript.

Doctor of Holsitic Functional Medicine Program A Course Descriptions

Doctor of Holistic Functional Medicine (D.H.F.M.) Program B

Asterisks (*) indicate courses that may be substituted.  When choosing electives, you may take the course listed on your contract agreement or you may replace the course with ANY course from ANY program offered by KCNH.  Be reminded KCNH replaces course for course, NOT credit hours. The classification of Degree B does NOT appear on the degree nor the transcript.

Doctor of Holistic Functional Medicine Program B Course Descriptions

Doctor of Philosophy in Lifestyle Health Coaching (Ph.D.)

Asterisks (*) indicate courses that may be substituted.  When choosing electives, you may take the course listed on your contract agreement or you may replace the course with ANY course from ANY program offered by KCNH.  Be reminded KCNH replaces course for course, NOT credit hours.

Doctor of Philosophy in Lifestyle Health Coaching Course Descriptions

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Learn About Our Degree Programs

Introducing quantum university's degree programs.

At Quantum University, we believe in providing educational programs that meet the practical and clinical needs of our students.

We believe in your potential to excel in your studies, even with the demands of everyday life, including the challenges of a full-time career. That’s why we’ve designed our programs to be achievable, empowering you to pursue your passion for holistic medicine without sacrificing your personal or professional commitments!

Individual degree programs can also be combined into Degree Tracks classified as “ Fast Track ”. These tracks, as well as our Completion Degrees, expedite the completion of your programs. Experience a faster, more cost effective and fulfilling journey towards your holistic medicine degree with Quantum University’s Fast Track options.

• Bachelor in Holistic Health
• Master in Holistic Health, and Natural or Integrative Medicine
• Doctorate in Holistic Health
• PhD in Natural Medicine
• PhD in Integrative Medicine

FAST TRACK OPTIONS (PREFERRED ROUTE)

• Bachelor to PhD in Natural Medicine
• Master to PhD in Integrative Medicine

Doctorate and PhD in Natural Medicine

Doctorate and PhD in Integrative Medicine

• Bachelor to Doctorate in Holistic Health
• Master and Doctorate in Holistic Health

“Quantum physics provides a model proposing consciousness as the great underlying reality, the ground of all being.”

Tailored Degree Programs to Fit Your Background and Goals

Our degree programs are recognized by many professional certification boards which issue professional certifications, credentials, and titles. Upon graduation, Quantum University students will apply directly to these boards to become certified. Becoming board certified provides a recognized title, member benefits, a scope of practice, professional credibility, and much more. Also, certain individual certifications can allow active students to generate clientele and income by offering various modalities while completing higher degrees at Quantum University.

Explore some of our degree programs below, starting at the Bachelors, followed by Masters, Doctorate and PhD, and discover the path that resonates with you. At Quantum University, we recognize that everyone’s journey is unique, and we offer alternative programs and customized paths based on your educational background. With our transfer credit options and tailored curriculum, we empower you to create your own educational experience and pursue your passion for holistic health and wellness. Contact us to find the perfect route for you, and let us help you unlock your full potential and achieve your goals.

Bachelor In Holistic Health

Average Completion Time: 1 – 2 Years

To be admitted into a bachelor’s degree program at Quantum University, you must have completed a High-School Diploma or GED and be proficient in the English language.

Graduates of our Bachelor in Holistic Health degree program qualify for the certification:

• Holistic Health Practitioner (HHP), certified by the American Association of Drugless Practitioners (AADP)
• International Practitioner of Holistic Medicine (IPHM), certified by The International Practitioners of Holistic Medicine (IPHM)

The board certifications of HHP and IPHM not only recognizes your expertise in holistic health but also serves as a testament to your dedication to the well-being of individuals and communities. It signifies your commitment to providing comprehensive, compassionate, and client-centered care .

Program Information Guide:

Download the Bachelor in Holistic Health Program Info Guide.

“I encourage everyone to follow their passions because if it’s in natural health and healing, it’s the right way to go. I am proud to be a part of the Quantum University family.”

– Judy Harms

Bachelor in Holistic Health Sciences

” …a lot of what I learned has been incorporated into my practice and clients have seen more positive results. “

Master In Holistic Health, and Natural or Integrative Medicine

Average Completion Time: 1 Year

To be admitted into a master’s degree program at Quantum University, you must hold a Bachelor of Science degree in a health-related major from a privately, nationally, or internationally-recognized institution and/or be enrolled in a Bachelor in Holistic Health Sciences degree program at Quantum University.

Quantum University offers degrees in both natural medicine and integrative medicine. The curriculum is similar for both programs; the title is dependent upon previous educational experience and the certifying boards. In North America, the degree program title for Integrative Medicine is reserved for licensed doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals.

Non-medical background?  You qualify for our Natural Medicine Degree Track Programs.

Licensed Healthcare Practitioner? You qualify for our Integrative Medicine Degree Track Programs.

*Please note that although we do offer Master degrees in Holistic Health, Natural, or Integrative Medicine, these degrees can only be enrolled into via our Fast Track Programs. These Fast Track options allow you to expedite your learning and complete your degree program in a single streamlined track. Imagine achieving your educational goals faster than ever before!

Graduates of the Master in Holistic Health, Natural, or Integrative Medicine degree programs qualify for the following certification: 

• Holistic Health Practitioner (HHP), certified by the American Association of Drugless Practitioners (AADP).
• International Practitioner of Holistic Medicine (IPHM), certified by The International Practitioners of Holistic Medicine (IPHM). 

Contact our Admissions Team at (833) 366-0363 to discuss the details of each curriculum.

Doctorate In Holistic Health

To be admitted into a doctorate degree program at Quantum University, you must hold a Master or Doctorate of Science degree in a health-related major, or a medical degree for physicians, acupuncturists, chiropractors, dentists, and psychologists from a privately, nationally, or internationally-recognized institution and/or be enrolled in a master’s degree program in Holistic Health Sciences or in Natural or Integrative Medicine at Quantum University.

Graduates of the Doctorate in Holistic Health degree program qualify for the credentials of:

• Board Certified Doctor of Holistic Health (BCDHH), certified by the American Association of American Naturopathic Medical Certification Board (ANMCB)
• Alternative Medical Practitioner (AMP) certified by the American Alternative Medical Association (AAMA)
• Doctor of Holistic Health (DHH), certified by The International Practitioners of Holistic Medicine (IPHM)

Contact our Admissions Team at (833) 366-0363 to discuss the details of the curriculum.

“I am an R.N. I chose Quantum University because of the curriculum. It has increased my understanding and awareness of how to truly work with my clients.”

– Dr. Sana Keller

“Attending Quantum University online was the best decision i ever made.. becoming a student changed my life because it actually gave me the knowledge and the foundation to move into integrative medicine. “

– Robin J. Lambrecht

PhD In Natural Or Integrative Medicine

To be admitted into a PhD degree program at Quantum University, you must hold a degree in Alternative, Holistic Health, Natural, or Integrative Medicine from Quantum University or be enrolled in a Doctorate in Alternative, Holistic Health, Natural, or Integrative Medicine degree program at Quantum University.

Quantum University offers degrees in both natural medicine and integrative medicine . The curriculum is similar for both programs; the title is dependent upon previous educational experience and the certifying boards. In North America, the degree program title for Integrative Medicine is reserved for licensed doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals.

Licensed Healthcare Practitioner?  You qualify for our Integrative Medicine Degree Track Programs.

Program Information Guides:

Download the PhD Program in Natural Medicine information guide.

Download the PhD Program in Integrative Medicine information guide.

Please note that students do not typically directly enroll in the PhD program at Quantum University.  Instead, they often choose to pursue one of our Doctorate and PhD in Natural or Integrative Medicine Fast Track options. This approach enables them to fulfill the requirements for both degrees simultaneously, and earn the highly regarded “Dr.” title in addition to the titles they have earned at the Bachelors, Masters, and Doctorate levels. Plus, this option is a much more cost-effective choice. View all Fast Track options here .

Quantum University’s degree programs are accredited by many professional certification boards which issue professional certifications, credentials, and titles. Upon graduation from their degree programs, Quantum University students may apply directly to these boards to become certified.

HOLISTIC HEALTH AND NATURAL MEDICINE DEGREES

Integrative medicine degrees, frequently asked questions.

To start your career in holistic medicine, first, you must understand how alternative medicine and traditional medicine work together to care for the whole body. Next, you will need to choose a degree program that will prepare you for a career in the holistic medicine field. Whether that is starting with a bachelor’s degree or continuing your education with a master’s, doctorate, or PhD, Quantum University has a degree track for you. From traditional Chinese medicine to biofeedback to homeopathy, an alternative medicine degree can open many doors. 

Yes, working in the field of holistic medicine is a profitable and rewarding career choice. With a degree from Quantum University, you can become board certified and start your own practice or work in conjunction with traditional medical professionals. Holistic health is gaining more attention and becoming a more well-respected field for healthcare professionals. The natural medicine field continues to grow as more students graduate from holistic health schools and jobs become available.  

Depending on the person’s degree and board certification, a holistic MD may be called several different things including an Integrative Medicine Doctor (IMD), Alternative Medical Practitioner (AMP), Holistic Health Practitioner (HHP), Doctor in Natural Medicine (DNM), or Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND).

Read About Our Degree Program Fast Tracks

Individual degree programs can also be combined into Degree Tracks classified as “Fast Track”. These tracks, as well as our Completion Degrees, expedite the completion of your programs. Experience a faster,  more cost-effective, and fulfilling journey towards your holistic medicine degree with  Quantum University’s Fast Track options.

Our Curriculum at Quantum University Includes Incredible and Engaging Video Course Materials

Get a holistic medicine degree today from quantum university, at quantum university, we are building the future of holistic medicine – one student at a time.

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• J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med
• v.22(3); 2017 Jul

Melissa officinalis L: A Review Study With an Antioxidant Prospective

Sepide miraj.

1 Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Rafieian-Kopaei

Melissa officinalis is a plant cultivated in some parts of Iran. The leaves of lemon balm, Melissa officinalis L (Lamiaceae), are used in Iranian folk medicine for their digestive, carminative, antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic, tonic, and diuretic properties, as well as for functional gastrointestinal disorders. This review article was aimed not only to introduce Melissa officinalis (its growth condition, its chemical compounds, and its traditional usages) but also to overview its antioxidant properties in detail. This review was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases up to 2016. The search terms used were “ Melissa officinalis L,” “antioxidant properties,” oxidative stress,” “oxidative damage”, “ROS.” Articles whose full texts were not available were excluded from the study. In this study, firstly, traditional usage of this herb was reviewed, including antimicrobial activity (antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, etc), antispasmodic, and insomnia properties. Then, its antioxidant properties were overviewed. Various studies have shown that Melissa officinalis L possesses high amount of antioxidant activity through its chemical compounds including high amount of flavonoids, rosmaric acid, gallic acid, phenolic contents. Many studies confirmed the antioxidative effects of Melissa officinalis ; thus, its effect in preventing and treating oxidative stress-related diseases might be reliable.

The use of medicinal herbs and herbal medicines is an age-old tradition, and the recent progress in modern therapeutics has stimulated the use of natural products worldwide for diverse ailments and diseases. 1 – 11 In traditional medicine, folk people used medicinal plants in diverse manners to treat diseases. 12 – 24 Traditional medicine is popular in all regions of the world, and its use is rapidly expanding even in developed countries. 25 – 35 For example, in China, traditional herbal preparations account for 30% to 50% of the total medicinal consumption, and now the annual global market for herbal medicine is over US$60 billion. The World Health Organization estimated that over 80% of the people in developing countries rely on traditional remedies such as herbs for their daily needs and about 855 traditional medicines include crude plant extracts. This means that about 3.5 to 4 billion of the global population rely on plants resources for drugs. However, the traditional usages of just some of these medicinal plants have been investigated in vitro and clinical trial studies. 36 – 44

In fact, herbal medicines possessing natural essential chemical compounds in their profile could fulfill the primary needs and prerequisite of human beings to cure their diseases. 44 – 51 It has been reported that natural products, their derivatives and analogs, represent over 50% of all drugs in clinical use, in which natural products derived from higher plants represent about 25% of the total. The diversity of natural compounds in herbs and their different functions in preventing and treating different diseases on the one hand and their property of being natural and comfortable with the body and not having adverse effects providing their proper usage induces people toward their consumption; educated public and health care professionals have enormous interests concentrating studies on these herbs and diagnosing their therapeutic properties, but there is a great deal of confusion about their identification, effectiveness, therapeutic dosage, toxicity, standardization, and regulation. 52 – 63 To achieve this purpose, lots of studies have been carried out to concentrate on the identification of medicinal herbs triggering economically remarkable chances for farmers and related cultivation, harvesting, and agronomic conditions of the herb to generate favorable a chemical and pharmacological profile. 64 Economically, cultivating Melissa officinalis is cost-effective, and compared with the economic indicators of traditional crops grown on fertilized land, this herb provides much higher profits. 65 This review article is aimed not only to introduce Melissa officinalis (its growth condition, its chemical compounds, and its traditional usages) but also to overview its antioxidant properties in detail.

Melissa officinalis L, also known as lemon balm, bee balm, honey balm, 66 is a perennial herb. It is a member of the Lamiaceae (mint) family, and lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis ) belongs to a genus that includes 5 species of perennial herbs native to Europe, Central Asia, and Iran. Although Melissa officinalis originated primarily in Southern Europe, it is now naturalized around the world, from North America to New Zealand. 67 Lemon balm occurs naturally in sandy and scrubby areas 68 but has also been reported to grow on damp wasteland, at elevations ranging from sea level to the mountains. In Iran, this plant is known locally by the names Badranjbooye , Varangboo , and Faranjmoshk . 66

The taxonomical classification of this plant is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae; Division: Tracheophyta; Subdivision: Speramtophyta; Class: Magnoliopsida; Superorder: Asteranae; Order: Lamiales; Family: Lamiaceae; Genus: Melissa ; Species: Melissa officinalis L.

Cultivation

Lemon balm is probably one of the easiest herbs to grow and is ideal for beginners. This perennial herb grows and spreads so readily that some gardeners consider it a weed.

Traditional Uses

Historically lemon balm has been said to possess sedative/tranquilizing, anti-gas, fever-reducing, antibacterial, spasmolytic, 58 hypotensive, memory-enhancing, menstrual-inducing, and thyroid-related effects; antiviral and antioxidant activities; antifungal, antiparasitic, and antispasmolytic activities; flatulence; asthma; bronchitis; amenorrhea; cardiac failure; arrhythmias; ulcers; and wounds. 59 , 60 Besides, it has been said that it is effective in treatment of headaches, indigestion, colic, nausea, nervousness, anemia, vertigo, syncope, malaise, insomnia, epilepsy, depression, psychosis, and hysteria. 69

Chemical Compounds

The leaf of Melissa officinalis contains flavonoids (quercitrin, rhamnocitrin, luteolin), polyphenolic compounds (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid), monoterpenoid aldehyde, monoterpene glycosides, triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acids), sesquiterpenes, tannins, and essential oils (citral). 64 Thirty-three components were identified representing 89.30% of the total oil in the composition of the leaf ( Table 1 ). Six predominant components followed in the essential oils from Sefrou lemon balm were citronellal (14.40%), isogeraniol (6.40%), geraniol acetate (10.20%), nerol acetate (5.10%), caryophyllene (8.10%), and caryophyllene oxide (11.00%), representing 55.20% of the total oil ( Table 1 ). 65

Chemical Compositions of Melissa Officinalis L.

• Leaf: Citral, monoterpenes, geranial and neral. Flavonoids such as luteolin-7-o-glucoside (0.0002%)
• Oil: Geranial, neral, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, citronellal, geranyl-acetate, β-caryophyllene, and β-caryophyllene-oxide
• The dried lemon balm leaves: Citral (neral + geranial) 0.13%, total polyphenol compounds 11.8% comprising total hydroxycinnamic compounds 11.3% (rosmarinic acid 4.1%) and total flavonoid compounds 0.5%.
• The lemon balm extract: Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids with caffeic acid, m -coumaric acid, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, naringin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, phenolic content of the extract (gallic acid equivalents).

Pharmacological Activities

Antimicrobial activity (antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral).

The virucidal and antiviral effects of Melissa officinalis L extracts (M1, M3, M3, and M4) with respect to herpes simplex virus type 1 was investigated, and no significant values of inhibiting activity of M1, M2, and M3 on the same virus in vitro or in vivo were demonstrated. Caffeic, rosmarinic, and ferulic acids contribute to antiviral activity of Melissa officinalis L. 68 In a double-blind study, a specially prepared dried extract from Melissa leaves was investigated and the antiviral activity in vitro of this plant against herpes simplex infections was confirmed. Besides, the treatment with this plant was shown to be effective at very early stages of the infection. 70 A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was carried out with the aim of proving efficacy of standardized balm mint cream for the therapy of herpes simplex labialis. The tested formulation was effective for the treatment of this disease. In addition to the shortening of the healing period, balm mint cream was beneficial in preventing spreading of the infection and contribute to the rapid effect on typical symptoms of herpes like itching, tingling, burning, stabbing, swelling, tautness, and erythema. The different mechanism of action of the balm mint extract rules out the development of resistance of the herpes virus. 69 In an in vitro study, anti-herpes activity of Melissa officials was investigated and it was suggested that Melissa extract possesses high virucidal activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), even at very low concentrations of 1.5 μg/mL. Besides, it was indicated that rosmarinic acid mainly contributed to the antiviral activity of Melissa extract. 71 A hydroalcoholic extract of lemon balm leaves was investigated against the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in comparison with acyclovir. Lemon balm showed to reduce the cytopathic effect of HSV-2 on Vero cells, in the range of nontoxic concentrations of 0.025 to 1 mg mL. This study showed anti-herpes effect of this plant through cinnamic acid–like compounds, mainly rosmarinic acid. 72 In an animal study, the antiviral effect of lemon balm oil on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) was examined and it was suggested that Melissa oil affected the virus before adsorption, but not after penetration into the host cell; thus, lemon balm oil is capable of exerting a direct antiviral effect on herpes viruses. Considering the lipophilic nature of lemon balm essential oil, which enables it to penetrate the skin, and a high selectivity index, Melissa officinalis oil might be suitable for topical treatment of herpetic infections. 69 The effects of the volatile oil components of Melissa officinalis was evaluated on HSV-2 replication in HEp-2 cells. Five different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) of volatile oils were examined. The antiviral activity of nontoxic concentrations against HSV-2 was tested. The replication of HSV-2 was inhibited, indicating that the Melissa officinalis L extract contains an anti-HSV-2 substance. 69 An aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis and the phenolic compounds caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid were examined for their antiviral activity against HSV-1 acyclovir-sensitive and clinical isolates of acyclovir-resistant strains in vitro. These results indicate that mainly rosmarinic acid contributed to the antiviral activity of Melissa extract. Penetration of herpes viruses into cells was inhibited by Melissa extract at 80% and 96% for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant viruses, respectively. 69 The essential oil obtained from leaves of Melissa officinalis L was investigated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the essential oil presented high antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms targeted mainly against 5 human pathogenic bacteria, 1 yeast Candida albicans , and 2 phytopathogenic fungi tested. 72 Antimicrobial activity of Melissa officinalis essential oil was investigated and it was shown that the most effective antibacterial activity was expressed on a multiresistant strain of Shigellasonei . A significant rate of antifungal activity was exhibited on Trichophyton species. 69 The antimicrobial properties of essential oil from Romanian Melissa officinalis were assayed, which showed a high activity against Candida albicans . The gram-negative bacteria were not affected by the lemon balm oil. 69 Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and of rosmarinic acid of this plant were evaluated and were confirmed. 73

Antispasmodic Activity

The anti-inflammatory activities of Melissa officinalis L leaves were investigated. The essential oil of Melissa officinalis L was shown to have anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the traditional application of this plant in treating various diseases associated with inflammation and pain. 74 The antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract from Melissa officinalis L and of the rosmarinic acid in chemical behavioral models of nociception were investigated. The present results suggest that the extract produced dose-related antinociception in several models of chemical pain through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. In addition, the rosmarinic acid contained in this plant appears to contribute to the antinociceptive property of the extract. 69 Efficacy of Melissa officinalis in the treatment of infantile colic was evaluated. Eighty-eight infants completed the trial. This study shows that colic in breastfed infant improves within 1 week by treatment with an extract based on Melissa officinalis . 69 In an animal study, the relaxant effect of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis and its main component, citral, on rat-isolated ileum contractions was evaluated. Melissa officinalis essential oil inhibited the response in a concentration-dependent manner. Citral also had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect. 69

Efficacy and tolerability of a combined valerian/lemon balm preparation were investigated in an open, multicenter study in children less than 12 years suffering from restlessness and nervous dyskoimesis. Euvegal forte was effective in the treatment of younger children with restlessness and dyssomnia and it was very well tolerated. 75 For the first time, it has been shown that chronic administration of Melissa officinalis L relieves stress-related effects. It is critical that further studies incorporate a placebo and investigate physiological stress markers. 76

Antioxidant Activity

The antioxidants are known to play an important role in protection against disorders caused by oxidant damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can overcome cellular antioxidant defenses and can lead to a condition termed oxidative stress. Of particular importance, oxidative stress has been implicated in the installation and progression of several degenerative diseases, via DNA mutation, protein oxidation, and/or lipid peroxidation. Literature data have given special attention to the role of ROS and oxidative stress in diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and so on.

It was revealed that essential oils of Melissa officinalis L have good potential for antioxidant activity and can be used in lipid-containing foods. It is a rich source of antioxidants, in particular from the group of phenolic compounds. 77 Its activity is comparable with synthetic antioxidants (BHA and BHT), and antioxidant activity is related to phenolic compounds like citronellal and neral. 78

In a study, water extracts of 6 different herbs of the Lamiaceae family (dittany, lemon balm, mint, sage, siderites, and sweet marjoram) were investigated for their antioxidative properties. The extracts were examined for their effect against lipid oxidation in comparison to a tea water extract. It showed that the extract of Melissa was rich in bound forms of phenolic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, rosmarinic and caffeic acids. 79 In another study, essential oil, ethanolic extract, and decoction of 10 plant species from interior Portugal were analyzed for their activity toward acetyl cholinesterase enzyme and their antioxidant activity. Melissa officinalis and Mentha suaveolens showed acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory capacity is higher than 50% in the essential oil fraction. Melissa officinalis showed both high acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory capacity and antioxidant activity. Besides, Melissa officinalis showed appreciable antioxidant activity only in the polar fractions. 80 Antioxidant activity of different fractions from Melissa officinalis extract was evaluated. Ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest flavonoids content as well as the antioxidant activities when compared with other tested fractions. 81

The lemon balm extract has the ability to scavenge both synthetic and natural free radicals. This is of significant importance as it indicates that the extract may have the potential to prevent oxidative damage in vivo by preventing free radical–mediated oxidative stress. 82 The ability to scavenge the free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was very high in lemon balm. It was suggested that Melissa officinalis scavenged DPPH radical in a concentration-dependent manner with IC 50 values of 48.76 ± 1.94 μg/mL. Melissa officinalis showed strong reducing power and exhibited a significant inhibition of deoxyribose degradation. 83 In another study, water extracts of Melissa officinalis L suppressed the formation of DPPH, hydroxyl, and lipid peroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were achieved in the presence of n -butanol extract at concentrations of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The highest lipid peroxyl scavenging activity (93.20%) was observed at a higher concentration (5 mg/mL) of n -butanol extract in the lipid peroxidation system. The high phenolic content and radical scavenging activities of extracts of Melissa officinalis L was confirmed. 84

In a study, Melissa officinalis had very high levels of phenolics (13.2 mg GAE/100 g dw) in 32 plant spices. 85 In another study, it had the highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids. 86

Four known compounds have been isolated from dried stems and leaves of Melissa officinalis . The known compounds were identified as quadranoside III, salvianic acid A, rosmarinic acid, and luteolin. Free radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and of rosmarinic acid, the major component, were evaluated. 87

The highest value of phenol compounds was obtained for the extracts of solid residues of supercritical extraction at 10 MPa, 323 K, and 30 minutes. 88

The phenolic profiles of different samples of lemon balm were evaluated. The profiles were compared in order to understand the differences between cultivated, in vitro cultured, and commercial (bags and granulated) samples. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant compound. Moreover, dimers, trimmers, and tetramers of caffeic acid were identified and quantified for the first time in lemon balm. Only one flavonoid, luteolin-30-O-glucuronide, was found in all the samples. Overall, cultivated and in vitro cultured samples presented the lowest amounts of phenolic compounds; otherwise, commercial samples showed the highest contents. 89

Antioxidant potential in garden cultivated, in vitro cultured, and 2 commercial samples (bags and granulated) of lemon balm was evaluated and compared. The profile of in vitro cultured lemon balm is closer of garden cultivated sample than of both commercial samples (bag or granulate). Garden cultivated sample presented the highest levels of proteins and ash, and the lowest energetic value. The highest a-linolenic acid, tocopherols (including a-, c-, and d-isoforms), and ascorbic acid contents were also observed in this sample. However, it was the commercial bag lemon balm that gave the highest antioxidant. 90

In an animal study, Melissa officinalis aqueous extract possessed potent antioxidative and neuroprotective properties, validating its efficacy in attenuating Mn-induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain. 91 Some of the individual compounds identified in the samples (mainly rosmarinic acid, which is the most antioxidant agent according to literature) could be responsible for the antioxidant activity of lemon balm. 89

In another animal study on mice, the antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis and 2 other plants used in Brazil was investigated to treat neurological disorders. The antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds commonly found in plant extracts, namely, quercetin, gallic acid, quercitrin, and rutin, was also examined for comparative purposes. Melissa officinalis aqueous extract caused the highest decrease in TBARS production induced by all tested pro-oxidants. Melissa officinalis presented also the best antioxidant effect, but in this case, the antioxidant potencies were similar for the aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts. Among the purified compounds, quercetin had the highest antioxidant activity followed by gallic acid, quercitrin, and rutin. 92 It was indicated that Melissa officinalis could be considered an effective agent in the prevention of various neurological diseases associated with oxidative stress in mice. 69

In a clinical trial the capability of Melissa officinalis L infusion on improvement of oxidative stress status was studied in radiology staff. It was concluded that infusion of lemon balm markedly improve oxidative stress condition and DNA damage in radiology staff when used as a dietary supplement for radiation protection. 93

In another animal study on boars, the protective ability of extracts of mate tea and lemon balm was investigated. It was indicated that the highest concentration of lemon balm produced significant improvement in curvilinear trajectory, straightness, and amplitude of lateral head displacement after thawing. 94

Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants act in one or more of the following ways: reducing agents, free radical scavengers, potential complexes of pro-oxidant metals, and quenchers of singlet oxygen. 95 – 97

Lemon balm has shown to possess high phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activity of lemon balm has been shown as evidenced by the reduction of DPPH. Also, studies have demonstrated that the cytoprotective effect of lemon balm extracts seen in rats was partly due to free radical scavenging properties. 95 , 96 Besides, it could protect against oxidative damage induced by various pro-oxidant agents that induce lipid peroxidation by different processes. Thus, plant extracts could inhibit the generation of early chemical reactive species that subsequently initiate lipid peroxidation or, alternatively, they could block a common final pathway in the process of polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation. Lemon balm infusion improves plasma levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and a marked reduction in plasma DNA damage, myeloperoxidase, and lipid peroxidation. Due to its iron(II) chelating activity of the extract, its antioxidant potential was increased. 82 It was found that flavonoids aglycones were responsible for the free radical scavenging activity and that induced lipid peroxidation in rat cultured hippocampal neurons was significantly inhibited by fractions containing flavonol glycosides, flavonol and biflavone aglycones, or chlorogenic acid type phenolics present in the ethanolic extract. 80

Phenolic compounds are the most important compounds that have antioxidant activities. 59 , 97 – 107

To balance the oxidative state, plants and animals maintain complex systems of overlapping antioxidants, such as glutathione and enzymes (eg, catalase and superoxide dismutase) produced internally or vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin E obtained by ingestion.

Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer or coronary heart disease. The hypothesis that antioxidant supplements might promote health has not been confirmed experimentally. Trials including β-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations have indicated that supplementation has no effect on mortality or might increase it. 64 , 65 Randomized clinical trials of taking antioxidants including β-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium have shown no effect on cancer risk or have increased cancer risk. 47 , 52 Supplementation with selenium or vitamin E does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. 81 , 82

Antioxidants have many industrial uses, such as preservatives in food and cosmetics and to prevent the degradation of rubber and gasoline. 81

In this study, first traditional usages of Melissa officinalis and second its antioxidant properties were reviewed in detail. The findings of this study indicated that the antioxidant activity of this plant was mainly attributed to the phenolic compounds of the plant, either in plants of different origin or prepared by differing extraction methods.

The phytochemical analysis of Melissa officinalis has revealed a large number of compounds including high amount of flavonoids, rosmaric acid, gallic acid, phenolic contents, and so on, which have been shown to have potent antioxidant properties 64 , 65 acting in a synergistic way. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the plant extract is mostly because of rutin, quercitrin, galic acid, and quercetin, with the highest antioxidant activity belonging to quercetin and then to galic acid, quercitrin, and rutin, respectively. The extract of this plant is able to prevent the production of chemically active species and it may block lipid peroxidation through various processes. 108

Evidence from numerous clinical and experimental studies has shown the significant protective effects of phenolic compounds against oxidative damage in disease treatment and prevention. For example, it was shown in a study that Melissa officinalis extract could prevent neurological diseases associated with oxidative stress. 69

In addition, it was shown that the antioxidant activities of similar phenolic-containing compounds are not identical, suggesting that each compound must be examined individually for its antioxidant behavior. 69

A positive and significant correlation existed between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, revealing that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in this plant. It was revealed that essential oils of Melissa officinalis L have good potential for antioxidant activity and can be used in lipid containing foods. It is rich sources of antioxidants, in particular, from the group of phenolic compounds like citronellal and neral. 77 Melissa officinalis had very high levels of phenolics (13.2 mg GAE/100 g dw) in 32 plant spices. 85 Besides, it was suggested that it had the highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids. 86 The highest value of its phenol compounds was obtained for the extracts of solid residues of supercritical extraction at 10 MPa, 323 K, and 30 minutes. 88

The extract of the plant can have a significant role in maintaining health and curing diseases because of its volatile organic compounds and its active constituents such as terpenoids, flavonoids, quercetin, rutin, quercitrin, gallic acid, and high antioxidant capacity. Essential oil of Melissa officinalis showed both high acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory capacity and antioxidant activity. Besides, Melissa officinalis showed remarkable antioxidant activity only in the polar fractions. 80 Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant compound in this plant. 89

Comparison of cultivated and in vitro cultured and commercial samples of Melissa in the DPPH assay showed the lowest amounts of phenolic compounds for the 2 first and the highest contents for the commercial samples. 90

Finally, several studies of very different quality reported a radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of polar extracts from Melissa . These activities have arisen from the content of flavonoids, rosmarinic acid, and the benzodioxole. 80 The antioxidant effects of these compounds are up to 10 times stronger than the effects of those of vitamins B and C. 64

Gaps of Study

Results of this study showed that most investigations on the therapeutic activities of this plant have been carried out in in vitro studies. Thus, more complementary studies in different therapeutic effects of this plant are required in clinical trial studies. Despite the studies on antioxidant activities, more profound research on the toxicity and its teratogenicity should be done. Besides, although there are different genus of this plant that each one has its own chemical compounds, most of them have common chemical compounds that trigger their antioxidant properties. Thus, more studies are needed to diagnose new chemical compounds in a safe dose on the untested genus of this plant causing its antioxidant activity.

Conclusion and Further Suggestions

In this study, first traditional usages of Melissa officinalis and second its antioxidant properties were reviewed in detail. Regarding its traditional usage, antimicrobial activity (antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, etc), antispasmodic, insomnia properties were reported. Many studies confirmed the antioxidative effects of Melissa officinalis ; thus, its effect in preventing and treating oxidative stress-related diseases might be reliable. The results of numerous studies on antioxidant or radical scavenging effects may be a basis for detailed in vivo research on anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.

Further studies are needed to conduct clinical trials on cancer to develop new anticancer drugs. Future research should be focused on the relationship between the total antioxidant capacity and the content, as well as composition of antioxidants. Further studies are also required to study the mechanism of antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds. Such studies would provide a greater understanding of how ROS scavenging and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms afford oxidative protection as well as facilitate improved antioxidant design for the treatment and prevention of disease. We should also investigate the interrelationship between phenolic compounds and antioxidant/anticancer activity to illustrate possible mechanisms for cancer prevention and treatment.

Side Effects

No side effects have so far been reported for the herb 98 when used topically or orally in recommended doses (up to 30 days) in otherwise healthy adults and when consumed in amounts found in foods. Lemon balm has been assigned Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status in the United States with a maximum level of 0.5% in baked goods.

Possibly Unsafe

It was reported to be unsafe during pregnancy or lactation or in pediatric patients, and when used in patients with thyroid disorders or in combination with sedatives. 109

Acknowledgments

The authors thank all those who cooperated with us both financially and technically.

Author Contributions: SM, SK: concept and design, supervision. MRK, SK, MAS: data collection, manuscript drafting.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Funding: The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.

Ethical Approval: As no human subjects were involved, this study did not require ethical approval.

Natural Remedies for Anxiety: 12 Prescription Alternatives to Know

Medically reviewed by Dakari Quimby, PhD

Natural remedies are complementary or alternatives to prescription medications. Some remedies may not work immediately, but over time as the substances build up in your system (e.g., herbal supplements or adaptogens that protect against stress). Natural anxiety-relief options include herbal teas, movement, and mindfulness-based techniques, and lifestyle changes such as avoiding anxiety-inducing substances.

This article will detail natural remedies for anxiety, potential interactions, and when to see a healthcare provider.

If you or a loved one are finding it challenging to cope with anxiety, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database .

12 Natural Anxiety Remedies That Aren’t Prescription Medicine

Natural remedies for anxiety may be useful when experiencing situation-specific anxiety. They do not treat or cure anxiety disorders.

There are many healing herbs or medicinal plants for anxiety relief that can be consumed in teas, pills, capsules, and powders added to beverages. Specific herbs are adaptogens that have either been anecdotal or clinically proven to help reduce symptoms of anxiety, including:

• Ashwagandha reduces cortisol levels to ease stress and anxiety. It is important to note that the evidence for its effectiveness is still being examined, and long-term safety has not been researched. Studies show it may have negative effects on the liver and thyroid.
• Chamomile may be effective in reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety, but more research is needed. It may interact negatively with other drugs, so be sure to consult with a healthcare provider before taking it.
• Melatonin for reducing anxiety. It has been documented to reduce anxiety before surgery. There is some risk of overdoes in children.
• Kava kava may have a small effect on anxiety symptoms but has also been linked to severe liver injury.

Related: Herbal Supplements

Mindful Movement 

Mindful movement techniques include yoga, tai chi, interpretative or intuitive dance, and qi gong. These tools work by bringing mindful attention to the breath and body. One meta-analysis from 2022 found yoga to be more effective than non-mindful exercise in relieving anxiety symptoms.

Related: What to Know Before Your First Hot Yoga Class

Breathing 

Breathing techniques bring awareness to your breath and thoughts. They include simple deep breathing, box breathing (square breathing), or four-seven-eight breathing. They ease anxiety in part by reducing the body’s stress response signals.

Related: Understanding Diaphragmatic Breathing

Relaxation techniques like visualization or muscle tension release may be beneficial for people experiencing anxiety from living with chronic medical conditions or medical procedure anxiety.

Related: How to Manage Stress: Top Strategies for Stress Relief

Acupuncture

Acupuncture may provide a natural approach to reducing anxiety. One review of studies published in 2022 involving people with fibromyalgia (a chronic pain condition) found acupuncture effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety as well as pain, depression, sleep disturbances, stiffness, and fatigue.

Related: Acupuncture Benefits and Risks

Physical Exercise 

Physical exercise has been shown to help alleviate anxiety. One meta-analysis from 2019 published in the journal Depression and Anxiety found exercise helps protect against anxiety symptoms in people with anxiety disorders.

Related: 8 High-Impact Exercises

Meditation 

Mindful meditation (MM) helps someone focus on the present moment rather than worrying about the past or future. It may even have clinical-level therapeutic effects. One study from 2019 found a significant decrease in anxiety levels measured after meditation sessions in psychiatric inpatient youths (ages 13-19).

Related: How to Lower Cortisol: Short and Long-Term Solutions

Sleep Hygiene 

Not only does anxiety make it more challenging to fall asleep and get a good night's rest, but not getting enough sleep can also exacerbate anxiety. Protect yourself against anxiety by establishing a consistent bedtime routine, creating a healthy sleep environment, and reaching out for professional help if lifestyle changes aren't working.

Related: Sleep Disorder Symptoms

Avoid Alcohol

Experts suggest avoiding alcohol if you’re prone to anxiety. Alcohol worsens anxiety over time. It also increases the risk of alcohol use disorder in people with pre-existing mental health conditions.

While alcohol may initially numb anxiety, that does not last. What's left is an increase in anxiety as the alcohol leaves your system. This is called alcohol-induced anxiety or "hangxiety."

Related: What Is Substance Abuse Disorder?

Quit Smoking

Nicotine use rates are higher in people with anxiety disorders. People with anxiety may use nicotine to cope temporarily—but nicotine is not a natural remedy for anxiety. Nicotine use and withdrawal are associated with increased anxiety. Quitting smoking, then, is a natural way to remove yourself from this unhealthy cycle that worsens anxiety.

Related: The Best Nicotine Patches to Help You Quit Smoking

Reduce Caffeine Consumption

Keeping caffeine consumption to a minimum can help if you’re experiencing anxiety. This is because caffeine use can induce or exacerbate feelings of anxiety. One study on people with panic disorder found the equivalent of five cups of coffee can actually trigger a panic attack. High doses of caffeine were also found to induce feelings of anxiety in healthy adults.

Related: How Much Caffeine Is Too Much?

Grounding or earthing is another mindfulness technique that may help improve stress levels and overall mood. It involves putting your bare feet to the earth, which connects you to its electric charge. There are also grounding tools you can use, like grounding mats.

Related: All About Grounding: Techniques to Connect to Nature

Anxiety Attack: What to Do to Naturally Manage One

Experiencing an anxiety attack or sudden onset of intense anxiety requires immediate action. There are natural ways to manage an anxiety attack. One popular method is using the 333 anxiety rule or the rule of three for anxiety.

333 Rule for Anxiety

The 333 rule for anxiety can be used anywhere and involves naming three things you can see, three things you can hear, and three things you can touch. Practicing mindful deep breathing techniques is also beneficial during anxiety attacks.  

Related: Panic Attack vs. Anxiety Attack: Key Differences

Natural Child Anxiety Remedies

When a child is experiencing anxiety, it's beneficial for parents and caregivers to help them try to identify exactly how they’re feeling—and why.

Additional tips include:

• Acknowledge feelings
• Model self-calming techniques
• Rehearse and role play positive self-talk
• Engage in supportive, non-judgemental conversation 

Related: 6 Ways to Improve Mental Health Without Therapy

Herbal Anxiety Remedies and Potential Interactions

"Natural" doesn't necessarily mean it's always safe or risk-free. Herbal remedies for anxiety can interact with certain drugs and medications, especially in older adults or in people experiencing pregnancy. People with pre-existing health conditions, people taking medications and other supplements, and people who are pregnant should consult with a healthcare provider before taking herbal remedies for anxiety.

When to Talk to a Provider About Anxiety

If natural options are not providing relief, or if you are experiencing increased anxiety, it’s a sign it’s time to see a healthcare provider. Likewise, if you’ve tried to include natural remedies and lifestyle changes for your child or teen, and they’re still experiencing anxiety, consult with a healthcare provider.

Healthcare providers like medical doctors, pediatricians, and mental health professionals can help determine the root cause of anxiety, including underlying anxiety disorders.

Read Next: What Is a Pediatrician?

Natural remedies for anxiety include strategies like using herbal teas, lifestyle modifications, and engaging in mindfulness-based techniques. Natural remedies may be useful for reducing feelings of anxiety, but anxiety disorders should be discussed with healthcare providers. Even natural remedies, and particularly herbal remedies, come with some risks. If you're taking prescription medications, are an older adult, or are pregnant, it's safest to consult with a healthcare provider.

Read the original article on Verywell Health .

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YouTube Livestream Q&A Transcript, May 21, 2024

“Is there anything you could recommend for extreme hair loss due to a traumatic event? So far, she felt she lost about a third of her hair total and is still losing.”  [0:02:47]

I guess emotional, psycho-traumatic kind of episode. Hair loss is something that very often comes up to me as a general practitioner, and with that, we want to talk about the hair follicle and various causes. One could be autoimmune. You could have an autoimmune activity going on that is impacting the hair follicles, and it could be hair anywhere on your body, a thyroiditis, other autoimmune phenomena, or   psoriasis. This will then create an inflammation and this will detract from the growth requirements of your hair follicle. That hair follicle also requires you to eat enough protein, and we're living in a society that is promoting a plant base, even asking us to eat bugs and stay away from healthy things like meat and fish and pork and chicken. 

And so, our hair is made of protein and fat. All cell membranes are made of protein and fat. And so, What I like to do is take my pictures off the wall. I have my picture here now of the part in the Bible where the woman touches the hem of the Lord Jesus’ garment for healing. It was a gift that was given to me, so I like that. But I'll hold this up in my hand, so you can see it maybe a little bit better. Anyway. Everything about life is trying to fix this injury part right here. And so, if it's an autoimmune attack, and it injures the cell membrane, you have to heal it at night. And this double layer of phospholipids and proteins, the blobs are the proteins, this has to be fixed by you eating enough protein and fat. And the most nutrient-dense material for fixing these injuries in a cell membrane, that is the wall of a cell membrane like a sandwich, is eating meat, fish, chicken, turkey, beef, eggs, and the yolk. Another way to look at it is I have this picture on my wall also, and this picture shows the double phospholipid and the protein right here and then these very special fatty acids right along the protein that holds it. 

So, I eat a heavy carnivore-like diet, always have throughout my life. Of course, my father was in Armor food research, and he was part of the science team that would talk about developing TV dinners and trying to stop those fatty acids from combining with oxygen and becoming oxidized and rancid and stinking.

That's what happens with fish and their EPA, and   high DHA content, there are so many double bonds. EPA has six double bonds. DHA has five. The two essential fats in a human being – let’s see if I can do it right here. This is alpha-linoleic acid right here. It has one, two, and   three double bonds right here. One, two, three. And so, this is an extremely important fatty acid right here. And they're different from the little straight ones here. These have double bonds in them, and those double bonds combine with oxygen. So, if you had six of them, or if you had five of them, then you would wind up having a lot more area that would combine with oxygen. Therefore, fish stink and you have to eat this to make a hair follicle. You have to have this to grow your skin, to repair a cut. Every time you eat, you're always injuring the lining of your gut, and these areas are very important to repair every night, and that's why a good night's sleep is important.

So, when you ask about what it takes to grow hair or how you prevent hair loss, stress produces cortisol. Cortisol is a catabolic molecule. It breaks things down. And If you're trying to build things up, like repair tissue or hair, then you're going to wind up having hair loss. So, if you have a lot of cortisol from stress, then your body shifts from a building anabolic to a breaking down catabolic. That's why stress is associated with hair loss. So, people who know how to manage their stress. I use my Bible. I use my exercise. I use my water and I use my prayer time and understanding my role on the planet. I am a created being. I can only do so much, but where I am and where I'm at, I can make a difference. And so, it's important for me. to deal with all the stress in my life in that fashion. And I would say, to those people who are looking for items to help build the hair, the most nutrient-dense food would be liver, meat, fish, chicken, turkey, eggs, that kind. It’s rich in B vitamins and   biotin. It's got the amino acids for the proteins, and   the fats. And so, there's no other better place to go for  any and all  diseases. 

So, that's that question. Oh, I wanted to just add about that, I was thinking about it. If you broke your leg let's say you went out and you were in a car accident, God forbid, and you had a hip fracture and your tibia fracture. So your entire hip and leg were broken, so two areas, so that's a major impact, you wouldn't be asking the doctor what can you give me to make my leg grow faster. I've  really  never seen that done. People accept that they're going to be months, even a year going through rehab. So, when your hair falls out, people come to me as if there's a vitamin or a mineral that they can take, where In two to three weeks they can start seeing the difference. And hair grows at  a rate that's  really  unchangeable , and it's going to take months before you  actually  start seeing things show up. And the more you stress about it, the more you will not see a valuable hair growth phenomenon. So, I would just encourage you to be at peace, eat well, be happy with where you're at in life and what you're doing, and let God grow your hair. And remember, he said, you can't make one hair or turn gray or add a cubit to your height. And so, let that peace keep your cortisol under control, so it doesn't stop your hair growth. 

“Have you ever heard of vitamin C causing insomnia/excitability/restlessness? I took Camu Camu before bed and couldn't get to bed until 3 PM and felt anxious and couldn't stay still.”  [0:11:16]

I don't know what Camu Camu is, so I would have to plead ignorance to the..., but I've never heard of vitamin C causing anything but enhancement. I often, or not infrequently, I will take extra vitamin C before I go to bed, magnesium is   my mineral, and that relaxes me vitamin C helps to create an antioxidant and a rich amount of water so that when I'm sleeping, I can heal and repair better. 

“I have hereditary hemochromatosis. I was also on the E2 patch; spoke with you last week. I took it off because I developed melasma, and having every symptom of organ damage from iron.”  [0:12:17]

Well, you need to see your physician about that. Check your iron levels, your inflammatory markers, and   ferritin. And maybe consider a phlebotomy. Also, EDTA chelation is known to improve microcirculation, prevent things like that, melasma, and keep your iron chelated. We were trying to develop a new investigational drug used for EDTA chelation for hemochromatosis, and because it's not patentable, it's so old, that   nobody would make money off of it, but it works. So, doing EDTA chelation is something maybe you might want to look into with your doctor. 

“Also, what are good nutrients/supplements you would recommend to support sciatica?”  [0:13:45]

Sciatica is an impingement of one of the major nerves that leave the spine and then the nerves branch and then they start going down the two legs, and impingement of that can create symptoms and pain, radicular pain, it’s like a shocking electric pain from pinching on that nerve. I would say doing weight training, exercising, sit-ups, and   having a personal trainer to teach you how to build up your back muscles. And that's what I do. I didn't change into my exercise clothes, but right after we're done here, I'm going to go across the street over into the gym and lift heavy weights. So, I would say the best thing to do is weight training. Stretching, Pilates, and   range of motion are very important, as   drinking enough water, and then taking an anti-inflammatory  systemic enzyme  to reduce inflammation. Of course, muscles are made of protein and fats, and I would eat a rich heavy meat, fish, chicken, turkey, beef, eggs, shrimp, lobster, and   crab-type diet to help with that, and those foods are the most nutrient-dense  foods , rather than to say there's one nutrient that will solve it. So,  systemic enzymes  help, water helps, weight training helps to hold up your whole structure, doing upper and lower body exercises, get a personal trainer to help you have the correct posture and build up the weights. I believe in doing them slow and slow instead of Heavyweights and doing jerking quick motions. That way you avoid injuring yourself. That's the direction I would go rather than any one supplement. 

“Not getting any help from providers or treatment for the HFE. I did a walk-in yesterday and got no help, even though I'm showing signs of kidney distress. Timely, you're discussing oxidative stress (Fe).”  [0:15:54]

Well, the   high dose of vitamin C that we give with our chelation is a powerful antioxidant management and treatment. I would  really  find a doctor who could help you with vitamin C EDTA chelation. EDTA is an amino acid that's made to grab onto metals like iron as well. It will pull it up. 

“Found out estradiol and iron have a reciprocal relationship and both can cause hyperabsorption of each other. Also under heavy stress.”  [0:16:48]

I'm not familiar with anything that's  really  saying that estradiol is promoting iron absorption. I would have to plead ignorance on that and look into it.  In fact,  iron absorption tends to be very rare, hemochromatosis in women, because we menstruate, it's probably because  of our having  a little phlebotomy every month with our menstrual cycles. But in reality, I do not think estradiol is a feature of concern. You have to have a skilled doctor who knows how to use natural hormones monitor you and make associated supports of enzymes. I never give out hormones without  systemic enzymes , never have in over 40 years, and it usually goes very well. And I usually offer all of them EDTA chelation at the same time. 

“Also my skin is darkening on my arms/hands and face, is getting red/brown spots. Please advise how to detox and the best protocol. I just read quercetin helps detox iron.”  [0:18:02]

You need to see a functional healthcare provider who's familiar with hormone replacement, who's familiar with EDTA chelation therapy, who has very good knowledge of vitamin C, high dose intravenously, and so forth. So that's the direction I would go.

“Hi, Dr. Ellithorpe. Today my face started itching around 3 o'clock. I thought it was weird, but around 5 o'clock my face started flushing, getting  really  red. It is hot and inflamed. Any ideas?”  [0:18:44]

It sounds like either some environmental pollen or histaminic reactions. The facial skin, especially around the eyes, is very sensitive. If you have any D-Hist or seasonal shield, quercetin is a very good mast cell stabilizer and   antihistamine. If you have some D-Hist quercetin, I would take eight of them, three three times a day, or take four twice a day, and you should feel better right away. Of course, you could always get some over-the-counter Benadryl 25 mg. I would drink a lot of water. And I would fast because eating is only going to aggravate your already triggered immune system. So, fasting will calm it down, and that's the direction I would go. Of course, if you have any other symptoms, shortness of breath, or hives, then I would go to the urgent care.

“I had a hysterectomy 21 years ago, and   no menses since then. My doc doesn’t care at all.”  [0:20:12]

So, you haven't had any period then. Well, that would be an aggravating factor for hemochromatosis. 

“Hi, Dr. Rita. Last week, you mentioned you do not like Rosuvastatin. May I ask why? Also, my daughter has sciatic pain. Everything she has tried has not worked. She had an MRI and may take cortisone.”  [0:20:35]

I don't like statins because they're given out improperly, and really, I think the vast majority, if any doctor, is honest. They're going to realize there's only a very small select group of patients who have known to have a heart attack that maybe gets some benefit, and it really may not be the cholesterol-lowering effect but the anti-inflammatory effect that statins may have. And so, It's a mixed bag, it's tremendously overprescribed, and it is thoughtlessly prescribed, and it's like a herd just running off a cliff.  

So, if you watch YouTube, I think one of the best summaries on YouTube that are very understandable is to see Dr. Ken Berry with Dr. David Diamond, Ph.D. Dr. Berry is a family practice doctor, Dr. Ken Diamond is a Ph.D., and they did this about 7 months ago, and they did all the most recent retrospective meta-analyses of the statin therapies and the recommendations and the most recent studies. And it's  really  been trashed. The science doesn't support it, and the results do not justify its use. They obscure the data with what are called relative versus absolute numbers, looking at relative risk, and they can twist a tiny, impact number to sound like it's 50 percent improved when it's only a very minor number. The number needed to treat to see a difference is what you should be asking. And so, the data is just not there to support the statin use anymore. 

Now, regarding sciatica, cortisol is a catabolic hormone. Cortisol is going to break down and   disinflame, but it also harms tissue. And so, it's not a solution. It's a symptom reliever. You have to ask the question, why are you having sciatica? And so, the posture, the musculature that holds up the legs and the body and the spine and the upper arms and head, you have to look at the posture and the muscles and the age because we lose muscle mass with aging. If we take a cholesterol-destructive molecule, and you have to understand this right here is cholesterol, right above it is cholesterol, over here is cholesterol, these little squigglies. So, right in this incy weeny tiny little minuscule part of the cell membrane, you have lots of cholesterol that are very important for the entire cell function. If you don't eat a cholesterol-rich diet, you're going to have cells that easily break down and you will construct cells more poorly. So, you can have a cheaply built house or you can have a well-built home. So, you have to have that. For many reasons, I don't like statins. 

“I was drinking energy drinks, which had cyanocobalamin, stopped immediately because that also causes iron absorption. I feel I’m approaching end-stage organ damage, just prayed for God to spare my life, it’s that bad.”  [0:24:38]

That's a B12 with cyanocobalamin cyanide. Well, I only use methylcobalamin, which is the kind that helps to prevent cancer. So, you have to find a very good and well-informed functional doctor who is using unique, well-clinically studied nutrients that will  actually  produce value. Go find a good functional doctor, and   get some chelation. Let them be very well-experienced in natural hormone repair and that should be a big direction that will help you. 

“My 93-year-old mother had a silent heart attack. She has atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and troponin heart injury. The heart is working at 30 percent capacity. No surgery because of her age. Only meds. Any advice.”  [0:26:03]

Yes, whenever the muscles are damaged, the troponins will be elevated. Well, I would have a functional doctor look at her and give her testosterone. The heart is a muscle. And so, I bet you she has almost no testosterone in her body anymore. And I would give her meat and proteins because that's what the heart is made of, and I would give her testosterone. That's the first direction I would go. And then in the hands of a doctor who understands chelation therapy, you could use low-dose chelation to improve the microcirculation to the capillaries in the heart muscle itself. So, that's the direction I would first head, is to use testosterone.  

“LifeWave X39 patches completely took away my sciatic pain over a year ago, and it's not come back.”  [0:27:15]  

That is another energy crystal therapy, and you could look up a LifeWave X39 patch, and that would be helpful. I think it will help all diseases as well.  

“Left atrial enlargement.”  [0:27:40]

Well, the atrium will get enlarged because of the big part of the heart, the left ventricle, doesn't squirt out the big volume of blood. It'll back up and it'll start flooding into the tinier atria and they will start enlarging as well. So, you need more muscle strength. Get on some testosterone.  

“Wow really? What are they made out of? Are they made of copper?”  [0:28:14]

Yeah, Google it. LifeWave patches. Now, I only really have experience with the X39 patch, but we are all electrochemical beings. Everything about us, God said he is the way, the truth, and the light. Light is energy. Energy is a wave or a frequency, and He spoke the world and   created the universe by his word. Sounds are waves. There is so much tremendous wisdom and understanding. In the periodic table, the elements, each have their  own  vibrational frequency, and each one has its  own  kind of field, and there is an electrochemical reaction between the positive and negative. This is energy, this is waves, this is sound, this is light. And so, when you think of therapies like the X39 LifeWave patches, you have to understand they are starting to understand this. This was taught when I did my second doctorate in integrative medicine back in the 1990s, I brought this up before, it's called vibrational medicine and the body electric. You have to understand vibration and sound, the Fibonacci sequence, the circle, and the cochlea, the perfect proportionment. This is not an accident at all, and the whole universe has this imagery in it. I mean, if people  really  took the time to study and to praise God and to look at his creation and give him glory, it says in the 119 Psalm that the firmament declares his glory. Many other areas in the Bible talk about just looking at the earth Romans chapter 1, and we have to understand how this vibrational frequency can be used to heal us. It can also be used and seized to harm us, and that's where electromagnetic energy is becoming damaging and harmful and irritating to us. So, look at and into these things, and yes, I do support the LifeWave patch.  

But one of the ways you can help the frequency and the energy communication in your body is to have peaceful thoughts happy thoughts and prayerful thoughts. Meditate on the word of God which He instructs us to do to give us peace. If you look at science studies on water and water crystallization, or prayer and prayer acted in unison by people or individuals, we can  actually  see the DNA open up when there are loving words, kind words, words spoken in intent for healing, and prayer and support. And then we see the DNA coil back up with harmful, bad dirty words, cursing words, spiteful things said. 

So, the unseen world is just as important, if not more important, than what we can see and hear and touch and feel. I've used the expression in the past, this room that I'm sitting in, and the desk here, and the burrow behind me, the condenser, or whatever you call that thing, it's all held together by energy, and if we seal this room off and came back in a thousand years, this desk would be particle board, desk would be falling apart, and the metal parts would be sticking out, and the screws and stuff, simply because everything is vibrating and the oxygen in this room is combining with it and creating oxidation, burning at a slow rate. We are burning at a slow rate. We are 98.6 degrees, and I always say that we're roasting. So, it is important to have a happy heart. It is important to be peaceful, to read your Bible, drink your water, baste yourself with your water, and realize who you are and where you're at. And this gives you so much peace about your future, the resurrected life that we anticipate as Christians. The confidence we have that the word of God is true is emotionally stabilizing for me. It gives me hope even with the oldest and the weirdest people because I'm not supposed to judge them, I'm supposed to be the ambassador of my Lord to them, and I'm supposed to treat each person with the same grace and dignity that I would to anyone. And so, you have to have your spiritual self grounded, and that's all the question about the energy. 

So I would just encourage you to look into LifeWave then. But I wouldn't focus on LifeWave. I would say everything is important. Your attitude is important. The water is important. Getting a good night's sleep is important. Eating healthy meat, fish, turkey, chicken, beef, because that's what we're made of. This is not made of apples. This is made of meat and fish and turkey, chicken, and so forth, your skin.

“Is it true that IV chelation only rids one of the toxic metals but also the healthy metals?”  [0:34:57]

I have never seen anyone harmed with EDTA chelation therapy by taking out good magnesium, good potassium, good calcium, and   things like that. We are always using calcium disodium EDTA, I would say, 99.999 percent of the time. Once in a while, we can't get a hold of the calcium disodium and we just use disodium. But we also are teaching our patients to eat nutrient-dense, mineral-rich foods like meat, fish, turkey, chicken, beef, and eggs. We all give a multimineral vitamin supplement or a multivitamin tablet like  TLC Energy Core  or  TLC Multiminerals . So, I've never seen this as a problem where EDTA chelation pulls out healthy metals to the detriment, and I've been involved in this for nearly 60 years with chelation therapy. 

“What do you know about the BCG vaccine injected intravascularly for prophylactic treatment of bladder cancer (tumor)? This is for a family member. And what might be other preventive options? Thank you.”  [0:36:03]

Yeah, they found that people who had the tuberculosis vaccine, mostly in Mexico, I believe the research came from, I could be wrong, but I think that's where it's from. When they were taking it to prevent tuberculosis, this vaccine was attempted to be developed to prevent it, and they found out by accident that bladder cancer in the bladder where you urinate, these cancers, although rare, those who got the BCG vaccine started having remission of their cancer tumors in their bladder. So then they started with bladder cancers, taking the contents of the vaccine, the BCG antigen and they started a solution and they would infuse this into the bladder with a little catheter through the urethra of the man or the woman, and they would let it soak in the bladder with it there on cyclical times because you have to empty your bladder and pee, and they found that that was a reasonable approach.  

This is likened to immunotherapy. The tumor gets sensitized somehow to the BCG vaccine content that identifies/latches onto the abnormal tumor growing on the surface of the bladder, and then the immune system can attack it, and   eat it up. And so, what else would I do? Then I would be on a low-carb diet and taking a lot of  Systemic Enzymes  to chew it up like Pac-Man, and I would use high-dose vitamin C therapy. I'd be very low carb, and I would drink lots of water and stay exercising and active. 

“What is your recommendation for early bone loss? Would you recommend taking prescribed medications or something natural?”  [0:38:25]

Well, I would work with your doctor. So, I don't know each individual's problems, but if you're otherwise healthy, I think you could do some heavy weight training to stimulate the bone and resistance, heavy weight training, pulling 60-80 pounds for your deltoids, pushing 80-100 pounds with your pectorals, pulling for your latissimus dorsi, leg presses, 200 to 300 pounds, whatever you could do, and tummy crunches, stomping, where you have sudden deceleration. Runners tend to have good bone density if they're not on birth control pills because that stops the hormone stimulation of bone growth. These poor girls who are on birth control foolishly all their lives, don't realize they've turned themselves into little menopausal women at the age of 14, 15 for 10, or   20 years, and they lose all that bone-building benefit of their hormones. So, their doctors ignorantly just pass this foolishness on. And then by the time they're 50, they already have osteoporosis. It's a real travesty. It should be looked at with great consternation because these doctors are raised, and   taught so ignorantly. Anyway.  

So, natural hormone replacement, progesterone. If you're going to want to use natural hormones as birth control, then just use progesterone days 7 through 25 of a girl's menstrual cycle, and you'll have all the wonderful estrogen and all the wonderful progesterone, and the progesterone itself will be the natural birth control. I don't support birth control. I believe in the word of God that you should not practice birth control, but rather than harm yourself with a drug, it would be better to use natural progesterone on days 7 through 25 of your menstrual cycle and you should do very well. So, stomping, sudden deceleration. You know, women are running, chopping off the heads of chicken anymore and chopping wood, and everyone's walking on 1, 2-inch thick cushion pillows. We're not getting stimulated like we used to. So, we're sitting too much. And that's what I would do. Then I would eat rich meat, fish, chicken, and   turkey because of all the wonderful minerals in it. The liver would be great. Crustaceans are great. Then I would also consider, besides the hormones, drinking enough water and staying away from the acidifying carbs, starches, sugars, and   fruit sugars. That's how I would approach it.   

“Is there a non-pharmaceutical way to eliminate SIBO (Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth) that won't cause a lot of side effects? I took Xifaxan the last time and it caused a lot of problems.”  [0:41:36]

You have to have a healthy consistent lifestyle to avoid SIBO, and SIBO is promoted by the American SAD diet, Standard American Diet. With the high sugar carbs feeding the bad bacteria, they then make all this gas and bloating and discomfort. This high-carb diet also promotes yeast and fungal overgrowth that makes you feel ill and ruins your immune system, and you get sick more often from other causes. And so, antibiotics are never the solution. They might help the initial treatment, but we try here, if possible, to help the patient with high-dose probiotics. We use  Probiotics 225 . We have here. It's so common because everyone's stomach is getting a leaky gut. We use this powdered Probiotic 225 by Ortho Molecular. These are little packets, and we mix them with  SBI Protect . This is Serum Bovine Immunoglobulins, IgA. That's the number one immunoglobulin you make in your saliva, your first line of defense, and this helps your secretory IgA to help protect you. So, that's protein-rich. These are the probiotics under it. And then this is the  Phospholipids , those little fats. Remember I was showing you these fats here, these little lines of fat with the phosphorylated top  here  from eating meat, fish, chicken, turkey, and beef? And so, that is what this is, the  Phospholipids . So, we mix this all together in some warm water, or we mix this in warm water because fat mixes better in a little warm water, and then we add in, you know like you would make a baby bottle, and then we mix this in with it. You take it first thing in the morning and   last thing at night. And then I have yet to see someone who didn't think I was  really  a miracle worker when it's just God's great plan, but it works every time. I don't know the poor…you know, Ortho Molecular needs to get over to the gastroenterology offices and help those guys out who practice gastroenterology medicine because I've never seen it fail. And that is what I would do for SIBO. And then I would eat a diet that is more like carnivore, and be very low carb. And I would only eat in a 4 to 6-hour window every day. I would exercise. That will help stimulate repair. 

“For shorter cycles, like 26 days, would you suggest taking estradiol? And how often do you recommend retesting hormones for dose adjustment? Is that based on symptoms every few years?”  [0:44:52]

Well if you’re old enough to need it, yes. When I start a woman, we typically find out where she's at, and then once I know it, I will initiate natural hormones. I tend to use continuous estradiol because the human body has continuous production of estradiol, although it waxes and wanes every month, but there's always production. Then I give in cyclical progesterone. So, the same two weeks every month I give in the progesterone. And then you can have a menstrual cycle. So even a woman my age can have a natural, light, small menstrual cycle. It doesn't matter if you're on a 21-day menstrual cycle or a 36-day menstrual cycle. The range can be that variable and they're both considered normal. So, you have to work with your doctor so they know pretty much where you're at. I do think all girls who are still menstruating, all they need is the progesterone days 15 through 25 because stress will stop ovulation. If you don't ovulate, then you're estrogen-dominant. So it helps keep you healthy. 

“Hello again, Dr. E. What do you know about fluoroquinolone toxicity? Have you treated it? How would Dr. E. go about treating it? Go to  www.floxiehope.com  for more information on it. Thanks again, Dr. E.”  [0:46:14]

Fluoroquinolones are a type of antibiotic, like levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. And the keyword here is ‘fluoxetine’. It’s a fluoride-based salt attached to a molecule. Remember, there's chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and what's the next one? I know I'm forgetting one. Chlorine, fluoride, fluorine, iodine. I think there's another way of getting it. But anyway, on the periodic chart, that's where those salts are and everything. Oh, bromine. So, fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, and Iodine are the weakest, and yes, God always uses the weak things of the world to manifest his glory. So, we need the salt iodine and that helps our thyroid and so many other things in our body. But if you have chlorine in your water, and you have fluoride in your toothpaste, and fluoride in your Mountain Dew, and your Gatorade and you're getting in all this bromine and fluorine and chloride, you're going to knock your iodine off, you're going to be hypothyroid, you're going to get dummy down, foggy thinking, and now they put it in the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and other antibiotics with the floro part of it. So, it can get intercalated or brought into the tendon tissue of your body so that tendons can snap. One of the big tendons that snap from the collagen malformation from that salt fluoride is the Achilles tendon. So, that's one of the main spots. So, if I see Achilles tendonitis, I ask them, were you put on any ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin in the past months, and not infrequently, and I've diagnosed it, and it takes a long time to repair a tendon? It might take up to a week 5, 6, 7 years to see it repair nicely, and some of them  actually  need surgical intervention. But you have to eat meat, fish, chicken, turkey, and   collagen for all the amino acids. You should do chelation therapy for microcirculation, take  enzymes  for the inflammation, and drink a lot of water, and God fixes it up. Avoid all those drinks. Warn your family and friends about that. 

“Hello, another family member has PMR Polymyalgia Rheumatica and the doctor is treating it with steroids. Can you comment on this disease and any other treatments or lifestyle changes that would be recommended?”  [0:49:25]

Yes, I praise God that he has helped me cure all my polymyalgia rheumatica naturally with everything I'm telling you. I put them on a carnivore diet. I put them on high-dose  systemic enzyme  first thing in the morning, and   last thing at night. I tell them to drink half their weight in water. So 80 to 100 ounces every single day. And with that alone, I would say 95 percent of them are better within a week. Very often, if they start with a 5-day fast, 48 hours of just pure water fast, and then they go to a carnivore diet and they take the enzymes morning and evening on an empty stomach. They can do that while they're fasting and they will see a tremendous improvement on that immediately. Yeah, I've had great help. 

I had a man so terribly impacted by that. He came as a first visit. His family had to help him get dressed. He was in his early 50s, and I think he has stayed with me all these years since just because I helped him so miraculously within weeks, you know, days he turned around. But it isn't me. It's God's design plan. I'm just following his architect's plan. People think it's me, but it's God.

“For a frayed labrum of the hip and mild arthritis, would a cortisone injection be helpful for the healing process? Or would you suggest arthroscopic surgery?”  [0:51:08]

So, around the hip socket where the femur goes into the hip socket there on one half of your hip there, you know, the rim of it, that rim there, is called the lip or the labrum, and it can get irritated with all the strain of the tendons pulling on it. 

The  exact  same thing. You see, it's one body, one creator, really one solution. And here is where the problem is. I don't want to do it. I don't want to eat a carnivore diet. I don't want to fast. I don't want to drink the water. I don't want to pay for enzymes. I want a different solution because I don't want to have to discipline myself. And that's the struggle I have in this office room here all the time, but that's where the answers are.

“I've been having pain in my kidneys for the last 5 or 6 days. I have a history of 1 to 2 urinary tract infections yearly, but I don't have one actively. What should I be doing to increase my kidney health? Should I see a urologist? I can still urinate but my stomach is more bloated than normal. I am gluten sensitive, but I don't know if I could be celiac and it’s related.”  [0:52:07]

You need to get a good doctor. You need to follow up and solve one thing at a time. Your age, your weight, your water consumption, your hormone status, those things have to be taken into factor here to find out what's going on with your back. You're saying you have kidneys, probably meaning your flank pain hurts, could it be kidney stones, could it just be you're not exercising, your muscles are wasting, and you're starting to get little tiny micro tears with aging? There are all kinds of things. You have to be a good doctor, good patient, work this out, and you have to face the music like I have to in a little bit here, and I'm going to have to go face my heavy weight lifting. Do you think I want to do that? No. But do I do it? Yes. And so, get a good functional doctor, work through those things, and find out what the issues are. 

“What milk alternatives do you recommend for a family? If we drink regular milk, is whole milk or 2% better? Or should we stick to alternatives like oat or almond or soy?”  [0:53:34]

I don't recommend drinking milk. I'm not in favor of milk drinking at all. I'm in favor of water drinking. We don't drink enough water. Milk is great, breast milk for a baby, an infant, but beyond that I don't see why we do it. I am  definitely  not for these almond milks or soy milks or oat milks because you become sensitized to this, whether you get sensitized to dairy all the time, because people like to be lazy and selfish, so I'm going to have milk or I'm going to have an oatmeal milk, or I'm going to have a soy drink over and over and over and over, and then suddenly the little tiny fractures in the lining of your gut, even in a child, especially those little hole fractures there in the cell membrane, that then lets some milk proteins leak through and your body starts seeing an invasion of casein or whey or stuff or soy or almond. And then the very thing you think you're doing for your health is not harming it. So, no, drink water. 

“Hi, Dr. Rita. Is there any alternative to taking  systemic enzymes  long-term? They're very pricey and I can't see taking them for a long term. Would love any alternative solutions, such as intermittent fasting. Thank you.”  [0:54:54]

Well, yeah, intermittent fasting, and doing a fast 24 hours once a week, doing 48 hours once a month, drinking enough water, being low carb, eating a rich carnivore diet largely, and then maybe using  enzymes  two weeks out of the month and disinflame your body, or every other month, because we need enzymes. God uses them there as little waste removal and anti-inflammatory agents. That's the best thing I could say to you. 

“My 10-year-old niece was just diagnosed with Crohn's disease. They live in Germany where the food is cleaner (no glyphosate), so I was surprised by her diagnosis. Is Crohn's curable and what would you recommend for diet and lifestyle for someone who's been diagnosed at such a young age? Thank you.”  [0:55:43]  

It's in the diet and she had antibiotics, what is her blood type, get an IgG food allergy test, and   take her off of all dairy and all grains immediately. I would have her go carnivore. And remember how I was showing the repair materials of the  immunoglobulin proteins  the  Phospholipids  and the  probiotics . Mix this in lukewarm water twice a day, morning and evening, carnivore diet, and that's the direction I would go with that kind of an issue.

“I'm on Bactrim for a case of diverticulitis. I have constant diarrhea, around 16 times a day. Staying hydrated and on a BRAT diet. I was told to take Imodium. Any suggestions to help with diarrhea? I've lost 8 pounds.”  [0:56:42]

Basically,  you need to be on the  probiotic . You know, this very same thing. You need to be on the  SBI Protect  and you need to be on the  Phospholipids  morning and evening, you could do it three times a day. And I would eat, for food, maybe well-cooked, slow-roasted chicken that's buttered or slow roast, very easy to fall apart like salmon, and I would take chicken broth for the salts, and no grains, no raw vegetables. If I had anything that was a vegetable, I would just have cooked vegetables to get all the breakdown phytins, tannins, and   oxalates, as low as I could out of them. But  really  a carnivore diet with  digestive enzymes  and using the  SBI Protect Powder ,  Phospholipid  Powder,  Probiotics 225 , and chicken Broth. And I would see your doctor. You need to have a doctor if you're having 16 loose stools a day. That needs to be followed up and seen. So, please don't delay on that. 

“My primary doctor discovered a small cystocele when I asked for a pap smear after a UTI. I'm 69 years old. He prescribed estradiol 0.01% cream (not bioidentical), nightly for 1 week, then M-W-F. I’m on your new patient waiting list. Is there a BHRT estradiol you recommend? I don’t like using the cream that has methylparaben in it. Do I wean off the non-BH? Thanks.”  [0:58:27]

Well, it is bioidentical. Estradiol is estradiol. There is no non-estradiol. That's the name of the true human female bioidentical hormone, estradiol. It's just that they have to put it into some kind of cream or suspense to transport it in a tube so you can put it up in your vaginal area. 

Well, I use estriol vaginally for it. It’s one of the three human bioidentical hormones, and that's exactly what I would do. But I would also look at your estradiol level. You don't have to wean off of that. Estradiol is estradiol. It's just the carrying cream that you may or may not like, but something's got to go into it. Usually, it's Eucerin cream that we use in all the natural vaginal creams, but we'll be happy to work with that. But it is bioidentical.

“I have an issue with a scab on the inside of my nose that has come and gone over the last few years. Staying for about a week and then it's gone for a month or so. Currently, it's been there for about two weeks and seems larger and sometimes tender on the outside. I've been using Silver gel on a Q-tip. Anything that raises a concern in your opinion?”  [1:00:02]

Yeah, any recurrent sore has to be seen by a doctor to look at irritation, cancer, and   things like that, even if it’s intranasal. So, I would have an ear, nose, and throat doctor get a nasal speculum and take a look at that under a light. But I agree with what you're doing. The  Argentyn silver  is exactly what you need to be putting on it and moisturizing it regularly. Of course, don't pick it.

“Dr. Ellithorpe, I used to be a client of yours before I moved out of state. I'm 77. I'm using progesterone cream with a recommended dose for three weeks on one week off. I noticed you recommend only two weeks and then a period after that. Do I need a period? What is your recommendation for estradiol cream? No medical problems.”  [1:00:51]

No, you don't need one. It's just if you're on estradiol like I am and you're 70 like I am, you will have a period. And so, I just use two weeks of progesterone. And then at the end or towards the end of the progesterone, I will get a little period. Some women choose to try and suppress the period and they stay on continuous progesterone all the time. So, there's no right or wrong to it. I would find a good functional doctor, go to ACAM.org put in your zip code and a mile reference you're willing to travel, and try and find a functional doctor that will help work with you.

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Out of the Centre

Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 29 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

City coordinates

Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia