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Compton Backscattering X-ray Source for National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

• PHYSICS AND TECHNIQUE OF ACCELERATORS
• Published: 07 June 2024
• Volume 21 , pages 225–235, ( 2024 )

Cite this article

• V. S. Dyubkov 1 ,
• S. M. Polozov 1 &
• V. I. Rashchikov 1  

The project of a compact X-ray source based on Compton backscattering for the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI is discussed. The end-to-end simulation of beam dynamics in linac and a storage ring including collective effects makes it possible to identify the main features of such a facility and outline approaches to overcome longitudinal and transverse instabilities and minimize bunch size at the beam-laser interaction region. Feedback is proposed to mitigate the effect of instabilities and injection jitter in position and angle.

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This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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Dyubkov, V.S., Polozov, S.M. & Rashchikov, V.I. Compton Backscattering X-ray Source for National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. Phys. Part. Nuclei Lett. 21 , 225–235 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477124700043

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Received : 15 September 2023

Revised : 01 November 2023

Accepted : 24 November 2023

Published : 07 June 2024

Issue Date : June 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477124700043

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NERS graduate students receive NSF fellowships

Logan Burnett and Nataly R. Panczyk have been awarded prestigious fellowships from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program.

Sara Norman

Logan Burnett and Nataly R. Panczyk have received fellowships from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. In receiving these prestigious fellowships, both Logan and Nataly have demonstrated their exceptional dedication to advancing scientific research and innovation in their respective fields. Their work, which will be done under the mentorship of Prof. Majdi Radaideh in the Artificial Intelligence and Multiphysics Simulations (AIMS) Laboratory when they begin their graduate studies at NERS this fall, reflects the program’s mission to ensure the quality, vitality, and diversity of the U.S. scientific and engineering workforce. With their diverse backgrounds and ambitious goals, Logan and Nataly exemplify the promise of the next generation of leaders in STEM, poised to make significant contributions to nuclear engineering and artificial intelligence.

Logan Burnett

Hailing from Birmingham, Alabama, Logan’s academic journey began at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where he pursued his undergraduate degree in physics. His diverse academic background and the reputation of NERS led him to pursue a graduate degree here at U-M.

“I chose to attend NERS because I want to be an industry leader for the next generation of nuclear power,” said Logan. “Prof. Radaideh’s research on integrating artificial intelligence with nuclear applications is the perfect opportunity to utilize my background in physics, mechanical engineering, and high-fidelity simulation.”

At the heart of Logan’s research lies a mosaic of experiences and insights gleaned from his multifaceted journey through various academic and research environments. As an undergraduate, Logan simultaneously worked in three different labs within three separate fields.

While at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, he first joined Prof. Cheng-Chien Chen’s computational condensed matter group where he simulated rare-earth materials on various national supercomputers. Knowing that he’d eventually like to study nuclear energy in graduate school, he also joined Prof. Suzanne Lapi’s lab at the Cyclotron Facility where he helped prepare, irradiate, and analyze radioisotopes for medical imaging applications. It was there that he developed a code for speeding up analysis which is currently in the pipeline of being published.

The third lab Logan joined was Prof. Emilio Baglietto’s Computational Fluid Dynamics Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as part of the MIT Summer Research Program. He wasn’t happy with leaving his project after the summer, so he continued working remotely and recently brought the project to completion as it was published in Nuclear Technology.

Looking towards the future, Logan harbors ambitious plans for leveraging his expertise to shape the landscape of the nuclear energy sector. Post-PhD, he envisions himself playing a pivotal role in microreactor startups, capitalizing on his experiences at NERS to drive innovation in artificial intelligence-assisted operation and management. However, beyond corporate endeavors, Logan’s ultimate goal is to establish his own startup focused on the deployment of microreactors—a venture driven not only by commercial aspirations but also by a profound sense of purpose in bringing reliable energy to underserved communities around the globe.

“I’d like to recognize my main PI from undergraduate, Prof. Cheng-Chien Chen, as I would’ve never made it to NERS without him,” said Logan. “He has been and no doubt will continue to be one of my mentors, and much of my success is a product of his incredible dedication and mentorship. Throughout my development as a researcher, he was persistent in getting me involved in collaborations, presenting at conferences, and pushing me to produce the best research possible. I think our relationship also testifies to the success that can take place when a PI treats their students as friends and collaborators rather than just a worker. I hope to implement the same ideology as I pursue leadership within the nuclear industry.”

“Logan’s commitment and passion to develop the next generation of nuclear power was truly inspiring from the first meeting we had,” said Radaideh. “I am excited to be part of his professional growth and I look forward to seeing him establish a great career at NERS and become a leader in the industry.”

Nataly R. Panczyk

Hailing from Palatine, Illinois, Nataly’s journey to U-M began with a foundation laid at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where she earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering in 2024. It was during her undergraduate studies that Nataly became aware of the NERS Prof. Majdi Radaideh’s research into explainable artificial intelligence methodology for nuclear applications.

“I’ve been interested in doing my PhD in Nuclear Engineering essentially since my second semester of undergrad,” said Nataly. “Prof. Radaideh’s work in artificial intelligence sounded fascinating to me, so I applied. It helped that U-M is one of the best-ranked programs in the country.”

Nataly’s research centers around enhancing the capabilities of artificial intelligence within the realm of nuclear engineering. Collaborating with Prof. Radaideh, she aims to develop an explainable artificial intelligence methodology that not only enhances the understanding of artificial intelligence-generated conclusions but also fosters trust in its outcomes.

“Having a model-agnostic explainable artificial intelligence tool would not only be huge for nuclear from a regulatory perspective, but could offer benefits to other highly regulated, and/or high-risk industries as well,” said Nataly.

Nataly’s ultimate goal is clear and resolute: to contribute to the proliferation of carbon-free energy sources, with a steadfast belief in the pivotal role of nuclear power.

“My goal is to help put as many carbon-free electrons on the grid as possible,” said Nataly. “Nuclear power is the most efficient way to get there.”

Post-PhD, she envisions herself actively engaged in the operation and deployment of existing and emerging nuclear reactors worldwide. Recognizing climate change as a collective challenge, Nataly is committed to leveraging her expertise to combat this global crisis, one electron at a time. Her vision extends beyond national borders, encompassing communities and countries alike, united in the pursuit of a sustainable future.

“I am especially grateful for my professors at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign who not only helped me earn this fellowship, but who also taught, supported, and advised me throughout my undergraduate career,” said Nataly. “Specifically, Prof. Caleb Brooks, Prof. Madicken Munk, and Prof. Tomasz Kozlowski were all willing to give me their time and attention whenever I needed it. Without them, I simply could not have gotten where I am today.”

“Nataly stands out among the few students I observed who diligently prepared for graduate school well in advance,” said Radaideh. “I can see her emerging as an outstanding leader in our field, focusing on a unique intersection of reactor design, explainable AI, and their societal implications.”

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Engineering faculty researching solutions for the safe storage of spent nuclear fuels, pradeep menezes and mano misra lead $500,000 nrc-funded project.

New process to repair containers used to store nuclear fuel is designed to increase safety.

Mechanical Engineering Associate Professor Pradeep Menezes and Chemical & Materials Engineering Professor Mano Misra have been awarded a $500,000 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) grant for their project to strengthen storage canisters used for nuclear waste. The project, "Manufacturing of Spent Fuel Storage Canisters with Superior Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance using Advanced Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding and High-Pressure Cold Spray Additive Post-Processing," was funded in early 2024.

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The United States currently has over 80,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuels stored in approximately 1,500 dry storage canisters across 63 independent interim storage locations. With storage durations expected to exceed 50 years, these canisters, made from a special type of welded stainless steel, face significant challenges. Over time, these canisters are exposed to environments where salty liquids that attract moisture from the air form on the surfaces of containers, leading to CISCC. Such failures could eventually cause nuclear radiation leakage, endangering nearby populations.

Historically, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) has been used to repair CISCC in the fusion-welded regions of the dry storage canisters. However, GMAW involves high heat input, melting and solidification, which are undesirable for the safety of on-site canister manufacture and repair.

Menezes and Misra's research introduces a novel concept combining advanced hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) with high-pressure cold spray (HPCS) post-processing. This HPCS additive deposition method enhances surface structural integrity by using the kinetic energy of powder particles, which impinge on the substrate at high velocity and pressure. Unlike traditional thermal energy-based methods, HPCS does not generate thermal stress, oxidation or other detrimental effects, making it a cost-competitive alternative. The proposed technique is expected to significantly enhance the performance of dry storage canisters, delaying CISCC initiation and propagation.

The HLAW process is anticipated to produce weld joints with superior resistance to pitting corrosion and CISCC compared to conventional GMAW joints. Additionally, the HPCS coating acts as a barrier, further mitigating CISCC. The enhanced resistance and longevity of the dry storage canisters achieved through this research could save millions of dollars in repair and rework costs, while also increasing safety and security for spent nuclear fuels storage applications. The project involves both experimental and computational work.

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Misra and Menezes have been collaborating for the past three years on a similar project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, which is responsible for research and development into the long-term disposition of spent nuclear fuel.

This other project, supported by $799,000 in DOE funding, focuses on mitigating stress corrosion cracking in nuclear storage canisters through various peening techniques. The project offers an alternative approach to extending the lifespan of the welded areas in dry storage casks by applying mechanical and thermal peening techniques.

Menezes brings over 20 years of research experience in surface modification techniques, degradation analysis, HPCS and finite element modeling. He has written over 180 refereed journal publications, 10 books and holds one issued U.S. patent. Recognized as a leading scientist, Menezes boasts a Google Scholar citation count exceeding 10,000 and an H-index of 50. He was listed among the top scientists by Research.com in its 2024 national rankings and is also featured in Elsevier's top 2% of scientists worldwide, both for career-long and single-year contributions.

Misra, with over 200 papers published in refereed journals and 14 issued U.S. patents, is a longtime collaborator of Menezes’. Their partnership has previously secured several significant grants, including those from the National Science Foundation, NASA, the DOE’s Advanced Manufacturing Office and the Nuclear Energy University Program.

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