family essay in urdu

An Unavoidable Guide to Talk about Family in Urdu

Family is one of the most powerful and influential social institutions in Pakistan . It has certain emotional and economic factors that invigorate its roots in Urdu culture. People are ready to jeopardize anything when it comes to their family; therefore, knowing the prevalent familial system and its values can empower you to be a good fit in Pakistani society.

If you want to win the heart of someone, be smart enough to explore the vocabulary for talking about family in Urdu . By doing so, you can always increase your chances to break through the walls of indifference and become personal with Urdu people.

In this article, you will learn many Urdu words and phrases concerning the questions and queries such as the Urdu word for family, family name in Urdu, family relationship in English to Urdu, family members in Urdu , etc. You will also learn various expressions to talk about one’s family in dear ones in Urdu.

• Family in Urdu
• List of Family Member Terms and Basic Sentence Pattern to Talk about Family in Urdu
• Terms of Relatives in Urdu
• Family Member Terms as a Married Person in Urdu
• Endearment Terms
• Extra Information

1. Family in Urdu

( khaandaan ) is the Urdu word that is used as the equivalent of the English word family. Whenever someone starts speaking and sharing his or her family chit-chat with you, it is the moment to realize that you have become significant to him or her finally. Also, have a look at some other not-to-be-missed Urdu words and phrases in the following section. It is a fact that family is important to all English and Urdu speaking people equally; therefore, knowing the family meaning in Urdu with its cultural implications is as important as understanding its meaning in English.   

• خاندان ( Khaandaan ) – family
• رشتہ دار ( rishtah daar ) – relative
• میرے اپنے ( meray apnay ) – my own (a slang for blood relations)
• میری والدہ ( meri waalidah ) – my mother
• میرے والد ( meray waalid ) – my father
• والدین ( waalidain ) – parents

A- The Sociocultural Significance of Family in Pakistan

In Pakistani culture, people live in a joint family system. Due to this reason, family plays a vital role in making the major decisions about a member’s life including personal matters like marriage, studies, and career. People also live in nuke families in the metropolitans but the numbers of such families are considerably lesser than the joint families.

B- Family a Cementing Force in Urdu Culture

Since Pakistanis living in joint family systems are tuned to follow a proper chain of command in which elder members act as the upper tier of hierarchy and they make sure to decide and implement their decisions in the best interest of the family; therefore, the institution of the family tends to act as an adhesive force in Pakistani culture. People tend to respect and obey the elder’s decisions so that the family may remain intact. In this way, they prefer the collective cause to the individual pursuits.

C- Mind the Age , Please!

When you are talking to or about someone’s family in Urdu, please be mindful of the age of the person under discussion because if you are speaking to or about an elder person, you should be reasonably respectful. It does not hurt your ego but it is normative to give respect to the elders. Pakistanis think it to be offensive if you talk to or speak about their elders rudely.

Also, be respectful to or about the female family members. Gender is a sensitive issue in Urdu culture. Children should be treated with love; however, you can afford to be a bit casual with them. You can take maximum liberty in the case of your age fellows as they can respond to you back casually and cheerfully most of the time.

2. List of Family Member Terms and Basic Sentence Pattern to Talk about Family in Urdu

The most immediate family members are given more value and treated with great affection and reverence in Urdu culture; therefore, starting with a list of such relations is the best approach. Below, you will learn some words used for the most immediate blood relations along with a few sentence patterns about how to speak about the most immediate blood relations also. 

•          ماں  ( maa ) – mother

وہ میری ماں ہے۔ Woh meri maa hai. She is my mother.

•          باپ ( baap ) – father

میرا باپ ایک امیر آدمی ہے۔ Mera baap aik ameer aadmi hai. My father is a rich man.

B- بہن بھائی ( Behan bhai ) – Siblings

•          بھائی ( bhai ) brother

میرا بھائی ایک سپاہی ہے۔ Mera bhai aik sipaahi hai. My brother is a soldier.

بڑا بھائی ( bara bhai ) – elder brother چھوٹا بھائی ( chota bhai ) – younger brother

•          بہن ( behan ) – sister

میری بہین کالج جاتی ہے۔ Meri behan college jaati hai. My sister goes to college.

بڑی بہن ( bari behan ) – elder sister چھوٹی بہن ( choti behan ) – younger sister

C- Grandparents and Great Grand Parents in Urdu

•          دادا ( daada ) – grandfather
•          دادی ( daadi ) – grandmother
•          پردادا ( pardaada ) – great grandfather
•          پردادی ( pardaadi ) – great grandmother
•          لکڑدادا ( lakkar daada ) – great-great-grandfather
•          لکڑدادی ( lakkar daadi ) – great-great-grandmother

میرے دادا جان ایک کاروباری آدمی تھے۔ Meray dada jaan aik kaarobaari aadmi thay. My grandfather was a businessman.

میری دادی جان ایک گھریلو خاتون ہیں Meri daadi jaan aik gharelu khatoon hain. My grandmother is a housewife.

3. Terms of Relatives in Urdu

Do not underestimate the significance of relatives in Urdu culture, as they constitute a major part of the برادری ( baraadri ) brotherhood/caste system . People tend to live in the brotherhood of the same caste. Usually, they marry within the same caste and develop deeper relationships with the people of the same caste. This reason elevates the importance of relatives in Pakistan. Let us go through a list of unavoidable relatives below here.

•          چچّا ( chach-cha ) – paternal uncle
•          چچّی ( chach-chi ) – paternal aunt
•          ماموں ( mamoon ) – maternal uncle
•          ممانی ( mamaani ) – maternal aunt
•          بھابی ( bhaabi ) – sister in law
•          خالہ ( khaala ) – mother’s sister
•          خالو ( khaaloo ) – husband of mother’s sister
•          پُھوپھی ( phoophi ) – father’s sister
•          پُھوپھا ( phoopha ) – husband of father’s sister
•          بھتیجا ( bhateeja ) – paternal nephew
•          بھتیجی ( bhateeji ) – paternal niece
•          بھانجا ( bhaanja ) – maternal nephew
•          بھانجی ( bhaanji ) – maternal niece
•          چچّا زاد بھائی ( chach-cha zaad bhai ) – paternal cousin (male)
•          چچّا زاد بہن ( chach-cha zaad behan ) – paternal cousin (female)
•          خالہ زاد بھائی ( khaala zaad bhai ) – maternal cousin (male)
•          خالہ زاد بہن ( khaala zaad behan ) – maternal cousin (female)

4. Family Member Terms as a Married Person in Urdu

Extended families cannot be ignored for they have their importance for the Urdu people. When a person gets married, the circle of the family is broadened. Although they cannot replace the blood relations, they still have a set place in the extended family circle particularly in the lives of the newly married couples. Let us go through a list of a few such relations underneath here.

•          بیوی ( beevi ) – wife
•          خاوند ( khaawand ) – husband
•          بیٹی ( beti ) – daughter
•          بیٹا ( beta ) – son
•          سالا ( saala ) – brother-in-law (brother of wife)
•          بہنوئی ( behnoi ) brother-in-law (sister’s husband)
•          سالی ( saali ) – sister-in-law (sister of wife)
•          بھابی ( bhaabi ) – sister-in-law (wife of brother)
•          ساس ( saas ) – mother-in-law
•          سُسر ( susar ) – father-in-law

5. Endearment Terms

When Pakistanis adore and love someone, they become more expressive and never hesitate to tell their feelings. It is because of this reason that the Urdu language has a wide range of terms of endearment and keeps on using them in their real-life situations on the required basis. Given below are some of the endearment terms frequently used in the Urdu language.

•          امّی جان ( ammi jaan )  – mother

میری امّی جان سے ملیں۔ Meri ammi jaan say milain. Meet my mother.

•          ابّو جان ( abbu jaan ) – father

میرے ابّو جان نے مجھے ایک تحفہ دیا۔ Meray abbu jaan nay mujhay aik tohfa diya. My father gave me a gift.

•          بابا جانی ( baaba jaani ) – father

بابا جانی، مجھے کچھ پیسے دیں۔ Baaba jaani, mujhay kuch paisay dein. Father, please, give me some money.

6. Extra Information

Now, it is the right time to discuss some Urdu proverbs that pertain to the familial conditions present in Pakistan. The proverbs speak of certain societal and universal facts across the globe. The following proverbs also reveal some generalities about the family and subsequent relations popularized by the masses in Pakistan.   

•          جیسا باپ ویسا بیٹا Jaisa baap wesa beta Like father, like son.

The above-mentioned proverb is used to depict a similarity between a son and a father.

•          ہونہار پُوت کے پاؤں پالنے میں ہی نظر آ جاتے ہیں۔ Honhaar poot kay paaon paalnay mein he nazar aa jaatay hain. Coming events cast their shadows beforehand.

This proverb speaks about the predictability of the future of a son based on his childhood habits.

•          اپنا اپنا غیر غیر Apna apna ghair ghair Blood is thicker than water.

You can use the above-given expression to differentiate between a blood relation and the otherwise.

7. Conclusion

This article has not only helped you learn about family terms in the Urdu language but also empowered you to learn about family through Urdu words, Urdu phrases, and Urdu family vocabulary. Also, it has added value to your existing knowledge about basic family words in Urdu as well as about the most common family words in the Urdu language. Not only the article has helped you to grasp certain Urdu and English family words but also it imparts you with some basic expressions to speak Urdu and talk about familiar concerns. 

Do you feel prepared to speak about a family with the natives with full confidence? Regardless of whether your answer is ‘yes’ or ‘no’, we look forward to having your response at UrduPod101.com as we are ever ready to get back to you at the earliest to address your concerns and queries.

Besides it, forget not to be a frequent visitor of UrduPod101.com as it is a rich repository of Urdu language learning resources such as Urdu dictionary , Urdu vocabulary , Urdu pronunciation , Urdu grammar , etc. that will help you hone your integrated Urdu language skills eventually.

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BOOK INFORMATION

Urdu Essays

AUTHOR Syed Zaheeruddin Madni

CONTRIBUTOR Urdu Arts College, Hyderabad

PUBLISHER Gosha-e-Adab, Burhanpur

Urdu Essays by Syed Zaheeruddin Madni

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Essay on Importance of Family for Students and Children

500 words essay on importance of family.

In today’s world when everything is losing its meaning, we need to realize the importance of family more than ever. While the world is becoming more modern and advanced, the meaning of family and what stands for remains the same.

A family is a group of people who are related by blood or heritage. These people are linked not only by blood but also by compassion, love, and support. A person’s character and personality are shaped by his or her family. There are various forms of families in today’s society. It is further subdivided into a tight and extended family (nuclear family, single parent, step-family, grandparent, cousins, etc.)

Family – A synonym for trust, comfort, love, care, happiness and belonging. Family is the relationship that we share from the moment we are born into this world. People that take care of us and help us grow are what we call family, and they become lifelines for us to live. Family members have an important role in deciding an individual’s success or failure in life since they provide a support system and source of encouragement.

It does not matter what kind of family one belongs to. It is all equal as long as there are caring and acceptance. You may be from a joint family, same-sex partner family, nuclear family, it is all the same. The relationships we have with our members make our family strong. We all have unique relations with each family member. In addition to other things, a family is the strongest unit in one’s life.

Things That Strengthens The Family

A family is made strong through a number of factors. The most important one is of course love. You instantly think of unconditional love when you think of family. It is the first source of love you receive in your life It teaches you the meaning of love which you carry on forever in your heart.

Secondly, we see that loyalty strengthens a family. When you have a family, you are devoted to them. You stick by them through the hard times and celebrate in their happy times. A family always supports and backs each other. They stand up for each other in front of a third party trying to harm them proving their loyalty.

Most importantly, the things one learns from their family brings them closer. For instance, we learn how to deal with the world through our family first. They are our first school and this teaching strengthens the bond. It gives us reason to stand by each other as we share the same values.

No matter what the situation arises, your family will never leave you alone. They will always stand alongside you to overcome the hardships in life. If anyone is dealing with any kind of trouble, even a small talk about it to the family will make ones’ mind lighter and will give them a sense of hope, an inner sense of strength to fight those problems.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Importance of Family

One cannot emphasize enough on the importance of family. They play a great role in our lives and make us better human beings. The one lucky enough to have a family often do not realize the value of a family.

However, those who do not have families know their worth. A family is our source of strength. It teaches us what relationships mean. They help us create meaningful relationships in the outside world. The love we inherit from our families, we pass on to our independent relationships.

Moreover, families teach us better communication . When we spend time with our families and love each other and communicate openly, we create a better future for ourselves. When we stay connected with our families, we learn to connect better with the world.

Similarly, families teach us patience. It gets tough sometimes to be patient with our family members. Yet we remain so out of love and respect. Thus, it teaches us patience to deal better with the world. Families boost our confidence and make us feel loved. They are the pillars of our strength who never fall instead keep us strong so we become better people.

We learn the values of love, respect, faith, hope, caring, cultures, ethics, traditions, and everything else that concerns us through our families. Being raised in a loving household provides a solid foundation for anyone.

People develop a value system inside their family structure in addition to life lessons. They learn what their family considers to be proper and wrong, as well as what the community considers to be significant.

Families are the epicentres of tradition. Many families keep on traditions by sharing stories from the past over the years. This allows you to reconnect with family relatives who are no longer alive. A child raised in this type of household feels as if they are a part of something bigger than themselves. They’ll be proud to be a part of a community that has had ups and downs. Communities thrive when families are strong. This, in turn, contributes to a robust society.

Q.1 What strengthens a family?

A.1 A family’s strength is made up of many factors. It is made of love that teaches us to love others unconditionally. Loyalty strengthens a family which makes the members be loyal to other people as well. Most importantly, acceptance and understanding strengthen a family.

Q.2 Why is family important?

A.2 Families are very important components of society and people’s lives. They teach us a lot about life and relationships. They love us and treat us valuably. They boost our self-confidence and make us feel valued. In addition, they teach us patience to deal with others in a graceful and accepting manner.

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Family words in Urdu

Words for family members and other relatives in Urdu ( اُردُو ), an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Pakistan and India

Details provided by Muhammad Zubair

Hear some Urdu family words:

Information about Urdu | Phrases | Numbers | Time | Family words | Tower of Babel | Books about Urdu on: Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk [affilate links]

Information about family words in Urdu https://www.urdu-english.com/lessons/beginner/family-members https://urduesl.com/family-members-in-english-and-urdu/

Family words in Indo-Aryan languages

Bengali , Hindi , Marathi , Nepali , Persian (Farsi) , Urdu

Family words in other languages

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30+ Urdu Vocabulary For Family: An Easy Guide

• , February 8, 2024

Do you wish to know more about familial ties in the Urdu culture? Then, you came to the right place. Here you will learn Urdu vocabulary for family. It’s clear that for the majority of us, family is our first point of contact and belonging. A family bond or Khandaan (خاندان) is no different.

Though Urdu is the official language of Pakistan , it is also recognized in some Indian states. When you look up the meanings of the terms spoken, you will fall in love with Urdu. Each word is interwoven with so much poetry that it will make you smile.

Our online lessons on the sz are designed to assist you in efficiently learning Urdu .

Basic Words Of Urdu Vocabulary For Family

The family is the most important influence in someone’s life. It is because, from the time kids are born, they rely on their parents and family to protect them and provide for their needs. Primary caregivers, which typically include parents and family members, are a child’s first relationships.

Thus, they are a child’s first teachers and role models, showing them how to act and interact with the world around them. Let’s start with the fundamentals of Urdu vocabulary for family first. You won’t be able to describe any member of your family without this collection of words.

Nurturing your kids is just as important as nurturing your language learning journey. If you want to aim more and memorize Urdu family vocabulary and more, check out the Ling app.

This app provides audio recordings in Urdu to help you quickly grasp the concept of listening. In this way, we focus on learning Urdu in small chunks. For that, consider each Urdu word as a drop, and each Urdu phrase/sentence to be a small puddle that eventually forms the large pool of your new language mastery.

Learn with the Ling app by downloading it on the Play Store or App Store now!

Other Important Words Used For Relations In Extended Family

After immediate family relations, including parents, there are numerous other relations in society. After all, this is how communities form. We have many things in common simply because we are human.

In this way, we are wired to link with one another and belong to a group. It is critical to our well-being and survival. Let us have a look at other relations with whom we are connected to feel physically and mentally healthy.

Common Urdu Sentences Using Family Member Terms

Urdu has a long history of prose and poetry. Because of this, everyone wishes to learn this rich language. Thus, in order to complete your wish, we are providing a few sentences with Urdu vocabulary for the family below.

Master The Urdu Language With The Ling App

Similarly, if you want to master Urdu vocabulary for family, we highly recommend checking out the Ling App. The Ling app is an innovative language-learning resource that helps language learners and enthusiasts master Urdu and 60+ other foreign languages.

Further, you can get to Ling via its website and download it now. Now it’s up to you to decide whether you want to learn Urdu or not.

What are you holding out for? If I were you, I’d download the Ling App right now and get started on my language learning journey. For more encouragement and guidance, read our hands-on blogs on transport vocabulary and greetings in the Urdu language.

Thanks for reading!

Updated by Samawiyah Hasnain

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Study Today

Largest Compilation of Structured Essays and Exams

Joint Family | Advantages & Disadvantages | Essay

December 10, 2017 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment

Joint family can be defined as a place or unit where the grandparents, father, mother, sons, daughters, grandchildren, uncles, aunts stay together. Family is very important in our life. It means everything to us. Our needs are fulfilled by our family. They support us during both our happy and sad times.

No matter what happens our family will always be there beside us. They take care of us every day. We grow and develop with the different values taught in our family. When we are small children, our parents and elders sacrifice for us so that our needs are fulfilled and we stay happy.

They do a lot for us. So, we should always respect our family and love them. We should take care of them when needed and always obey them. We should always remain united with the family and help any of the members in need.  

Family may of different forms. Some of them are joint family, nuclear family, extended family, single parent family etc. These days all of them are popular.  

Table of Contents

What is joint family?  

Joint family is very rare in the present day. Its existence is decreasing with time. But we can still see some joint families in a few areas. Joint family refers to the family where three or more generations stay together. Like the family includes the grandparents, their children and their grandchildren.

Everyone stay under the same roof with a common property, rights and obligations. In a joint family, all the members eat, pray and celebrate together. They are always there for each other. In a joint family, the grandfather or the eldest male member is the head. He is the one who takes all the major decisions of the family. His decision is always taken into consideration.   

Why is joint family important?  

A joint family has several advantages. In a joint family, the wealth is distributed equally among all the members. Even if any of the members earn more than the other, still the wealth is given equally to all. There is economy and expenditure in this type of family.

This means that all the necessary items and resources that the family needs is bought as a whole not for a single person. All the members contribute equally for the expenditures. Only one member who earns the highest does not take the burden of paying for everyone.   

There is social security in a joint family. For example: If a member of the family falls sick or meets with accident or is disturbed by any problem, the entire family takes care of the member. Only one person is not responsible to take care of that person.

Or if the eldest member of the family is retired, he does not have to worry anymore because the family is there to take care. As there are three or more generations in a joint family, the children get to learn different values and culture from everyone.

This way even the culture of the family is carried forward. The children are loved and taken care of equally. The parents do not have to worry about their children when they go to work because the grandparents are there to take care of them. If any one member from the family need financial help or suggestions for job or to start a business, all the members contribute to solve the problem. All the works are divided equally.  

Staying in a joint family everyone learns to share things rather than being selfish and helping each other in need. The family celebrates together during the festivals. They enjoy and have fun together. The children get to study and play together. The family is always there to support. They spend quality time together.  

Disadvantages of a joint family  

Every single thing on this earth will have disadvantages along with its advantages. So, even a joint family has many disadvantages. There is no individuality. Due to this a member cannot focus to develop one’s own personality. The personal development is hindered.

There is no privacy. They do not have much freedom. In a joint family, all the members contribute equally for the family. But some of the members may become lazy to contribute and work hard. They know even if they do not work hard, still they will get everything in front of them.

Every person has different personality, opinions and the way to understand things which may create conflict. The members of the family earn different.

Some may have a high income while some may earn less. Due to this there are chances of being jealous with each other. In most of the joint families, women are not allowed to work outside. Their life is just about the household chores.   

As there are three or more generations staying together, there is age difference among the members of the people. Due to this age difference there are changes of conflict to take place.

This might happen because the elders or the old members of the family may not be ready to adapt the changes like the young people. Sometimes a single person is burdened with a lot of work. As the eldest male member of the people takes all the major decisions, the members may start to fight because they do not support a particular decision.

Sometimes the parents feel that their children are not able to get sufficient love, care and necessary facilities. The reason behind this is that there are so many people to take care due to which the children are suffering.  

Does joint family still exist?  

The visibility of joint family in the present day is very less compared to before. There are many reasons to the less visibility of joint family. The family might have separated due to urbanization, search for proper education and job, to get all the necessary facilities etc.

There must have been troubles in the family due to which they had to settle somewhere else. Due to over population there might be less space for everyone to stay and live. This is another reason contributing to disintegration of the family.

The members of the family do not like to make adjustment for someone else. In most of the joint families, women are allowed to study further or even if they study it is of no importance. But her education is necessary for the upbringing of the children. So, the women of today after marriage are staying separately with their husband.   

As the number of joint families is decreasing, this is giving birth to other forms of family like nuclear family, single parent family etc. These forms of family might be a benefit for some but the advantages which a joint family has can never be replaced.  

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Have you Burn Crackers this Diwali ? Yes No

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Guest Essay

I’m an Indian Muslim, and I’m Scared to Say So

By Mohammad Ali

Mr. Ali, a journalist and writer who focuses on right-wing efforts to transform India into a Hindu nation, wrote from Delhi.

I used to answer the phone with “Salam.” Not anymore. I don’t want people to know I’m a Muslim.

There is little that would identify me as Muslim to begin with, aside from my name. I don’t wear a skullcap, and in public I avoid wearing the loosefitting Pathani kurta and peppering my speech with Urdu words, all of which are identity markers for Indian Muslims. But in the India of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, you can’t take any chances.

For 10 years, Mr. Modi’s Hindu-chauvinist government has vilified the nation’s 200 million Muslims as dangerous undesirables. Recently, he took that rhetoric to a new low during the six weeks of voting in India’s national elections — which are widely expected to win him a third consecutive five-year term — directly referring to Muslims as “infiltrators” in a country that he and his followers seek to turn into a pure Hindu state.

As offensive as that was, it is sadly familiar to Indian Muslims like me who — after a decade of denigration, violence and murder — live in daily fear of being identified and attacked, forcing us into self-denial to protect ourselves.

India is home to one of the world’s largest Muslim populations. Islam came here around 1,300 years ago, and Indian Muslims descend from natives of this land who converted to Islam centuries ago. Many Indian Muslims fought against British colonization, and millions rejected the 1947 partition of the country into a predominantly Hindu India and a mostly Muslim Pakistan. India is our home, and people like me are proud patriots.

But Mr. Modi’s Hindu nationalism has made us the targets in what might be the largest radicalization of people on the planet. Its seeds were planted with the founding in 1925 of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a right-wing Hindu organization that sought the establishment of a fully Hindu state in India and was inspired by the European fascism of that era. When Mr. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party — a political offshoot of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh — won elections in 2014 and he became prime minister, he and his followers saw it as the civilizational moment that Hindus had been waiting for. Mr. Modi was the god-king who would free Hindu civilization from centuries of domination, first by a series of Muslim rulers culminating with the Mughal empire that ruled India for around three centuries and then by the British colonizers who followed.

Islamophobia isn’t new to India, and Muslims also faced prejudice and recurring violence during the generations in which the liberal upper-caste Hindu elite dominated the nation’s secular democratic politics. But under Mr. Modi’s right-wing leadership, hatred of Muslims has effectively become state policy. India is now a country where police have been accused of standing by as Hindus attack Muslims , where the killers of religious minorities go unpunished and where Hindu extremists openly call for the genocide of Muslims.

Protest, and you run the risk of having a Hindu mob unleashed on you. That’s what happened after Mr. Modi’s government in 2019 pushed through a citizenship law that discriminates against Muslims and his party promised to expel “infiltrators” from the country. When Indian Muslims protested, one of Mr. Modi’s supporters responded with a provocative speech that is blamed for sparking deadly clashes between Hindus and Muslims in Delhi in February 2020. Police were accused of looking the other way as Muslims had their shops destroyed, were assaulted and were even killed.

Bulldozers have become a symbol of this state terrorism — rolled out at right-wing rallies, tattooed on the arms of Modi supporters and featured in Hindu nationalist songs — because of their use in areas governed by the Bharatiya Janata Party to illegally knock down the homes and businesses of Muslims who dare to speak up. Some states have essentially made Muslim-Hindu relationships illegal, based on an absurd Hindu conspiracy theory that Muslim men are seducing Hindu women as part of a long-term plan to turn India into a Muslim nation.

The liberal Hindu elite, instead of acknowledging its role in enabling the sentiments on which Mr. Modi has capitalized, has done little to help, other than to ineffectually express nostalgia for a lost Hindu tolerance. And there is little that Indian Muslims can do within the political system: Although the Muslim share of India’s population has slowly grown to 14 percent, the percentage of Parliament members who are Muslim has declined to less than 5 percent today, compared with 9 percent in the early 1980s.

The Indian Muslim response to our subjugation has largely been a deafening silence. Many of us are simply unwilling to speak out against the Modi government’s bitter bargain: that for us to exist as Indian citizens, we must meekly accept historical revisionism, dehumanization and demonization.

This debasement, and the knowledge that you are essentially outside the protection of the law, kills something inside you. You take precautions to protect yourself. My mother no longer packs mutton for me to take back to Delhi after I visit her, as she used to. She’s afraid it will be mistaken for beef: Dozens of Muslims have reportedly been killed or assaulted by Hindu mobs on suspicion of killing cows — which are sacred to Hindus — or for eating or possessing beef. Muslim parents now routinely repeat a litany of don’ts to their children: Don’t appear Muslim in public, don’t reveal your name, don’t enter Hindu areas or travel alone and don’t get pulled into any potential confrontation.

While we caution one another to blend in, it’s difficult to reconcile with the whole thing. Each of us has something embedded in our sense of self and expression that is particularly painful to erase. And the sort of physical markers we are trying to hide are not even wholly specific to Muslims in India. My cousin likes to wear his Pathani kurta, but so do many Hindus. My youngest sister prefers to keep her head covered, but so do many Hindu women, although not with a hijab. I’m attached to using certain Urdu words that have long been a feature of India’s syncretic culture and have been used widely by Hindus, too.

Self-denial leads to deep frustration. Now during gatherings with friends and family, we avoid politics; discussing the elephant in the room only reminds us of our helplessness. The cumulative weight of all this has created a mental health crisis of fear and depression among Muslims. Yet because of a desperate shortage of mental health professionals in India and a limited understanding of our new reality by many non-Muslim therapists, many Muslims are left to cope on their own.

I was hesitant to write this essay. I am not supposed to protest, to speak up. When I sometimes do, posting online about it, the typical response is, “Go to Pakistan.” But why would I leave? I am an Indian. I was born here, as were my ancestors who opposed the religious basis of the partition with Pakistan and believed in the Indian ideals of secular democracy.

But many Muslims have fled over the years, emigrating to Australia, Canada, Britain, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia or elsewhere because of the worsening political climate. Many who can’t afford to emigrate are moving out of the predominantly Hindu or mixed neighborhoods where they lived for decades, to poorer Muslim areas for safety. Two of my Muslim friends and I used to own apartments in a suburban area near New Delhi where many upper-caste Hindus lived. But in 2020, after the discriminatory citizenship law was passed, a Hindu mob charged through the neighborhood baying for Muslim blood. My two friends soon moved out. I kept my apartment, but in the elevator one evening in 2022, I overheard two men discussing how many katua (a derogatory term for Muslims that refers to circumcision) lived in the area. I moved out the next day. Sadly, Hindu friends and colleagues of mine also have become colder and more distant and are dropping out of contact.

On June 1, India’s voting period comes to a close. It looms as a day of dread for Muslims like me. According to most projections, it will be another victory for Mr. Modi — and further validation of mob rule and the debasement of 200 million Muslims by a hubristic Hindu majority.

Mohammad Ali (@hindureporter) is an independent journalist and writer who divides his time between New York and India. He is writing a book on growing up in India as Narendra Modi and his party have sought to transform India into a Hindu nation.

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Environmental Factor

Your online source for niehs news, papers of the month.

Intramural By Janelle Weaver and Shruti Somai

How tobacco smoke may contribute to cervical cancer

Cigarette smoke condensate can activate cancer-related signaling pathways in human cervical cells immortalized with human papillomavirus (HPV), according to Division of Translational Toxicology researchers and their collaborators.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths for American women. A major cause of cervical cancer is long-lasting infection with HPV. In some women, this infection may lead to precancerous lesions known as cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Tobacco smoke contributes to a greater cancer incidence and worse prognosis of cervical cancer. Carcinogens present in tobacco have been reported in the cervical mucus of women smokers; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer remain unclear.

To address this knowledge gap, the researchers examined the potential effects of cigarette smoke condensate on human cervical epithelial cells immortalized with HPV. The findings provide evidence that exposure to cigarette smoke condensate can lead to cell proliferation, enhanced cell motility, and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathways. These pathways are important for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a biological process critical in cancer initiating events, such as cancer stem cell formation and in early and late stages of cancer cell metastasis.

According to the authors, understanding the molecular pathways and environmental factors that initiate EMT in ectocervical cells will help delineate molecular targets for intervention and define the role of EMT in the initiation and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. ( JW )

Citation : Mark ZA, Yu L, Castro L, Gao X, Rodriguez NR, Sutton D, Scappini E, Tucker CJ, Wine R, Yan Y, Motley E, Dixon D. 2024. Tobacco smoke condensate induces morphologic changes in human papillomavirus-positive cervical epithelial cells consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and regulation of TGFB . Int J Mol Sci 25(9):4902.

Family history, a risk factor for fibroid development

In a recent ultrasound study of Black and African American women conducted by NIEHS researchers, maternal history of uterine fibroids was associated with risk of fibroids and fibroid growth in daughters.

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterine muscle that develop in more than 70% of women of reproductive age. Symptomatic fibroids can result in substantial morbidity and are the leading indication for hysterectomy in the U.S. African American women experience fibroid onset an estimated 10 years earlier than White women and have a disproportionate health burden from fibroids. Previous studies of the importance of family history on fibroid development are limited by reliance on hospital-based participant selection, poorly defined measures of family history, and nonsystematic fibroid assessment..

To overcome these limitations, the researchers examined whether family history is a risk factor for fibroid development using prospective ultrasonography data. The prospective community cohort consisted of 1,610 Black and African American women from the Detroit, Michigan, area. The study was conducted from 2010-2018, using four standardized ultrasonographic examinations..

The results suggest that maternal history of fibroids was a risk factor for incident fibroids, especially when mothers were diagnosed at a younger age. Maternal history was also associated with increased fibroid growth. According to the authors, asking patients about their family history of fibroids could encourage patient self-advocacy and inform care. ( JW )

Citation : Langton CR, Harmon QE, Baird DD. 2024. Family history and uterine fibroid development in Black and African American women . JAMA Netw Open 1;7(4):e244185.

Engineering key enzyme may improve heparin-based therapeutics

Engineering the properties of Heparosan synthase 2 from Pasteurella multocida (PmHS2) could be a promising strategy to improve the cost-effectiveness of heparin-based therapeutics, according to NIEHS researchers and their collaborators.

Heparan sulfates (HSs) are sulfated linear polysaccharides — large carbohydrate molecules containing many small sugar molecules joined chemically — that are widely distributed on the surface of mammalian cells and play important roles in physiological and disease states, including inflammation, cancer, and coagulation. Heparin, a heterogenous form of HS purified from pig mucosa, is commonly used as an anticoagulant to treat blood clots. Chemoenzymatic synthesis uses enzymes and chemistry to produce pure forms of HS, reducing the risk of contamination and potential side effects. Although PmHS2 is a key enzyme used in this process, the mechanism by which it generates these larger sugar molecules remains elusive.

To address this gap, the researchers reported the crystal structures of PmHS2 constructs with bound uridine diphosphate (UDP) and a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of PmHS2 in complex with UDP and a heptasaccharide (NS 7-mer) substrate. By solving these structures and through various biochemical approaches, the researchers discovered that a shortened construct of PmHS2 (98-644) behaves as an active monomer rather than a dimer in solution. This mutant can perform the glyco-transfer reaction in the presence of higher substrate concentration with a larger catalytic efficiency.

Together, the results provide new evidence into the catalytic mechanism of PmHS2 and its involvement in heparosan oligomerization. According to the authors, engineering of PmHS2 could not only improve the cost-effectiveness of synthesis but might also increase the flexibility of the technique by allowing for the incorporation of novel modified saccharides into the oligosaccharide chain to treat a variety of diseases. ( SS )

Citation : Stancanelli E, Krahn JA, Viverette E, Dutcher R, Pagadala V, Borgnia MJ, Liu J, Pedersen LC. 2024. Structural and functional analysis of heparosan synthase 2 from Pasteurella multocida to improve the synthesis of heparin . ACS Catal 14(9):6577-88.

Mutations related to stress response may induce antibiotic resistance

Mutations in genes related to a bacterial stress response may explain why certain pathogenic bacteria do not respond to antibiotic treatment, according to NIEHS researchers and their collaborators.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a major cause of nosocomial infections, including burn infections, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia. It is also the leading cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Antibiotic treatment remains challenging because P. aeruginosa is resistant to high concentrations of antibiotics and has a remarkable ability to acquire mutations conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents.

The researchers discovered a previously overlooked mechanism by which P. aeruginosa may acquire resistance to ciprofloxacin (cipro), an antibiotic commonly prescribed for the treatment of chronic P. aeruginosa infections. The results indicate that most P. aeruginosa cipro-resistant mutants in non-dividing or slow-dividing bacterial cultures owe their resistance to mutations that activate genes related to the Stringent Response. The Stringent Response is a stress response triggered by amino acid starvation, fatty acid limitation, iron limitation, heat shock, and other challenging conditions.

These results imply that mutations affecting the Stringent Response may be an important source of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa . According to the authors, these mutations may play a crucial role at the early stages of an infection. One of the possible mechanisms by which activation of the Stringent Response may confer cipro tolerance is a series of genetic and epigenetic events alleviating oxidative stress, induced by this antibiotic. These findings may offer clinically relevant clues on preventing acquisition of antibiotic resistance. ( JW )

Citation : García-Villada L, Degtyareva NP, Brooks AM, Goldberg JB, Doetsch PW. 2024. A role for the stringent response in ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Sci Rep 14:8598

How proteasome inhibitors may affect breast cancer biology

A new study reveals the mechanisms by which the 26S proteasome complex modulates the expression of gene networks intrinsic to breast cancer biology, according to NIEHS researchers.

The 26S proteasome is the major protein degradation machinery in cells. Cancer cells use the proteasome to modulate gene expression networks that promote tumor growth. Proteasome inhibitors have emerged as effective cancer therapeutics, but how they work mechanistically remains unclear.

The researchers demonstrated that breast cancer cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 exhibit profound changes in chromatin accessibility, the epigenome, and transcriptome dynamics. They uncovered unexpected reprogramming of the chromatin landscape and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription initiation.

The results showed that proteasome activity is required for both accessibility and transcription via specific cis-regulatory elements in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell genome. These cis-regulatory elements were representative of oncogenic super enhancer regions typically accessible in hormone receptor positive breast cancers, emphasizing the proteasome's role in regulating chromatin state and RNAPII transcription from genomic regions critical for breast tumor maintenance.

According to the authors, the study reveals an as yet uncharacterized molecular mechanism by which disruption of proteasome function affects the chromatin landscape, transcription, and expression of gene regulatory networks important in breast cancer biology. This research highlights the potential mechanism(s) underlying the anti-cancer effects of proteasome inhibitor drugs. ( JW )

Citation : Kinyamu HK, Bennett BD, Ward JM, Archer TK. 2024. Proteasome inhibition reprograms chromatin landscape in breast cancer . Cancer Res Commun 16;4(4):1082-99.

(Janelle Weaver, Ph.D., is a contract writer for the NIEHS Office of Communications and Public Liaison. Shruti Somai, Ph.D., is a visiting fellow in the Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory.)

World News in Brief: Hunger grows in Haiti, Gaza aid blocked, World Potato Day

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As people in Haiti continue to deal with growing hunger, UN agencies are striving to deliver goods and services to populations in need.

The World Food Programme ( WFP ) distributed more than 74,000 hot meals to over 15,000 displaced people in the besieged capital, Port-au-Prince, Stéphane Dujarric, Spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General, told journalists at UN Headquarters on Thursday, providing an update on the gang-ravaged Caribbean nation.

In addition, about 2,400 children received mental health and psychosocial support from child protection experts, he said.

At the same time, humanitarian agencies provided information sessions to more than 4,000 people sheltering in displacement sites on such critical issues as gender-based violence, protection and sexual abuse.

Nearly 1.6 million people are facing acute food insecurity levels in Haiti, according to UN agencies.

The UN Spokesperson also reported that civilians in displacement sites in Port-au-Prince had received about 13 million litres of water from UN agencies, partners and Haiti’s civil protection department since the beginning of March.

In the Artibonite region, Mr. Dujarric said WFP has provided cash assistance to over 13,000 people as part of its emergency activities and another 6,000 people in this region received food.

Following the recent tornado in the Bassin Bleu commune, which damaged more than 300 houses, WFP will also provide food for nearly 3,800 residents, he said.

Violence and blocked borders impede aid access in Gaza

In Gaza, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ( OCHA ) said on Thursday that increased violence and blocked borders continued to restrict aid access in the enclave where hundreds of thousands of people are in need.

Humanitarians are experiencing “movement restrictions” to border areas which are causing delays in planned missions to collect resources from the Kerem Shalom crossing, the UN Spokesperson said.

“We need Israeli authorities to swiftly facilitate access to the crossing so that aid workers can safely reach the crossing to pick up supplies,” he said. “We also need safe and unimpeded passage to distribute that assistance to scale to people in need, wherever they may need it in Gaza.”

‘Catastrophic levels of hunger’

The UN and its humanitarian partners are doing all they can to aid civilians in Gaza, he said, adding that  WFP is calling for blocked borders in Gaza to be opened since this impacts their ability to reach people in need.

“Constrained access to southern parts of Gaza risks causing the same catastrophic levels of hunger that has been seen in the north, and in central and southern Gaza, hunger levels are deteriorating fast,” Mr. Dujarric said.

He said WFP reported that some commercial supplies have reached the enclave, but the high cost means many civilians cannot afford the goods.

‘Israel must stop its campaign against UNRWA’

The UN relief agency for Palestine refugees, UNRWA , which serves more than 5.9 million Palestinians in the region, said conditions are dire, and in the last two days alone, more than 32,000 people have fled the escalating fighting in Rafah.

In a guest essay published on Thursday in The New York Times , UNRWA chief Philippe Lazzarini referred to unproven allegations Israel had made earlier this year against the UN agency and efforts to restrict its work in war-torn Gaza.

“As I write this, our agency has verified that at least 192 UNRWA employees have been killed in Gaza,” he said in the essay. “More than 170 UNRWA premises have been damaged or destroyed. UNRWA-run schools have been demolished; some 450 displaced people have been killed while sheltered inside UNRWA schools and other structures.”

He also said that since the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on 7 October, Israeli security forces have “rounded up UNRWA personnel in Gaza, who have alleged torture and mistreatment while in detention” in the Strip and in Israel.

“Israeli officials are not only threatening the work of our staff and mission, they are also delegitimising UNRWA,” he wrote. “Israel must stop its campaign against UNRWA.”

First ever International Day of Potato

It’s the world’s first ever  International Day of Potato , and the theme is Harvesting diversity, feeding hope , with a focus on the ancient vegetable’s contribution to the lives of producers and consumers as well as the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The General Assembly designated 30 May to pay tribute to the potato, an 8,000-year-old crop originating in the Andes mountains in South America that is now a staple food consumed by about two thirds of the world’s population.

Climate-friendly and resistant to drought, cold and barren land with wide adaptability, the potato contributes to the food security, nutrition, livelihoods and employment of people in rural and urban areas the world over.

Key crop around the world

Indeed, 159 countries cultivate potatoes, and there are 5,000 varieties worldwide. Nearly 50 per cent of current crops produced are used as the household staple food or vegetable.

Potatoes are a key crop across diverse farming systems globally, ranging from smallholders producing diverse heirloom varieties by hand in the Andes to vast commercial, mechanised farms in different continents.

Building on the International Year of the Potato, marked in 2008, today’s observance also recognises the roles of small-scale family farmers, a significant proportion of whom are women, in safeguarding the wide spectrum of the crop’s diversity, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ).

By 2030, the total production of potatoes is expected to rise by 112 per cent of current harvests, reaching 750 million tonnes, of which more than half is predicted to be produced in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

As communities around the world mark the day, both the cultural and culinary dimensions of the crop’s cultivation and consumption are also being celebrated, from pierogis to dum aloo.

• World News in Brief

حضرت محمدﷺ پر ایک مضمون

Back to: Urdu Essays List 2

اسلام کے ظہور سے پہلے اہل عرب کی حالت بہت خستہ تھی۔لوگ جاھل اور وحشی تھے کہیں آگ کی پوجا ہوتی تھی تو کہیں ستاروں کی۔کسی کو تعویذ گنڈے پر اعتقاد تھا تو کسی کو رمل اور فال پر۔ہر قبیلہ اپنے اپنے بت کو خدا مانتا تھا۔ہر گھرانہ اپنے خدا کو چار دیواری میں قید رکھتا۔کعبہ مکرمہ میں، جو اب بیت اللہ یع‌ی خدا کا گھر ہے، 360 بت تھے۔لوگ درختوں کو سجدے کرتے تھے،قبروں پر ناک رگڑتے تھے،جابجا فتنہ و فساد بپا رہتا۔امن و سکون نام کو بھی نہ تھا ذرا ذرا سی بات پر سالو‌ں لڑائیاں چلتی رہتی تھی،نہ قانون تھا، نہ انصاف لوٹ مار کا بازار گرم رہتا تھا،جوا عام تھا، شراب کو ماں کے دودھ سے زیادہ سمجھا جاتا۔ننھی بچیوں کو زندہ زمین میں دفن کر دیا جاتا۔غرض سرزمین عرب میں چاروں طرف اندھیرا ہی اندھیرا تھا ایسے میں خداوند تعالیٰ کی ذات پاک نے اپنی رحمت کے دروازے کھولے۔ایمان کی راہ سے بھٹکے ہوئے لوگوں کی ہدایت کے لیے سرور کائنات حضرت محمدﷺ کو اس دنیا میں بھیجا۔آپ مکہ معظمہ کے نہایت ممتاز خاندان قریش حضرت عبداللہ بن عبدالمطلب کے گھر 570ء میں پیدا ہوئے۔آپ کی ولادت سے دو ماہ پہلے ہی آپ کے والد کا انتقال ہوچکا تھا۔چھ برس کی عمر میں آپ کی والدہ ماجدہ بی بی آمنہ بھی وفات پا گئیں۔چناچہ آپ کی پرورش آپ کے دادا عبدالمطلب کے ذمہ آئی۔لیکن دو سال بعد دادا کا سایہ بھی سر سے اٹھ گیا۔اس پر حضورﷺ کے چچا ابوطالب آپ کے سرپرست بنے۔

بچپن کے مصائب آنحضرتﷺ کے حوصلوں کو ڈھا نہ سکے۔دراصل حکم الٰہی نے آپ کی تقدیر میں قوم کی چوپانی لکھ رکھی تھی۔چناچہ بعد میں وہ بنی نوع انسان کے ہادی اعظم بنے۔جوان ہوئے تو آپ نے ایک امیر بیوہ خدیجہ کی ملازمت اختیار کی۔آپ نے اپنے فرائض اس خوس اسلوبی کے ساتھ انجام دیے کہ حضرت خدیجہ نے آپکو شادی کا پیغام بھیجا۔آپ نے اس پیغام کو قبول کرلیا اور 25 سال کی عمر میں ان سے شادی کر لی۔اس وقت بی بی خدیجہ کی عمر 40 سال کی تھی۔

آنحضرتﷺ کے اخلاق و اطوار شروع سے ہی نہایت شستہ تھے۔آپ زبان کے میٹھے اور دل کے ساتھ تھے۔کبھی جھوٹ نہ بولتے تھے،اسی وجہ سے آپ کو صادق اور امین کا لقب ملا۔ان کے مزاج میں تحمل کوٹ کوٹ کربھرا تھا۔دشمن کے ساتھ بھی نرمی اور خوش اسلوبی کے ساتھ پیش آتے تھے۔رحم وکرم کے پتلے تھے۔ کسی سے کبھی انتقام نہ لیا نہ کسی کے لئے بد دعا کی۔فقیر اور درویشی کی زندگی بسر کرتے۔راحت و آسائش سے کوسوں دور رہتے۔سارے عرب کے تاجدار تھے مگر بوریئے پر سوتے اور کھجوریں کھا کر گزارا کرتے تھے۔عبادت کا یہ حال تھا کہ ساری ساری رات یاد الٰہی میں گزار دیتے۔بت پرستی سے آپ کو سخت نفرت تھی۔

شہر سے باہر غار حرا میں عبادت میں زیادہ وقت گزارتے تھے۔اسی غار میں آپ پر وحی نازل ہوئی۔حضرت جبرائیل علیہ السلام نے بشارت دی کہ خدا نے آپ کو دنیا کی ہدایت کے لیے چن لیا ہے اور اپنا پیغمبر بنایا ہے۔اسی وجہ سے آپکو محمد مصطفیٰ کہتے ہیں۔اس بشارت کے وقت آپ کی عمر 40 سال کی تھی۔آپ نے اپنے نبی ہونے کا اعلان کیا اور اپنی قوم میں اسلام کی تبلیغ شروع کردی۔آپ کی تعلیم یہ تھی کہ خدا کی ذات واحد و لاشریک ہے،وہی سب کو پیدا کرنے والا اور رزق پہنچانے والا ہے،اس کے نزدیک سب انسان برابر ہیں۔امیر غریب بندہ وصاحب، عربی و عجمی، گورے اور کالے میں کوئی تمیز نہیں۔وہ ازل سے موجود ہے اور ابد تک قائم رہے گا۔ہر انسان پر اسکی عبادت کرنی چاہیے۔محبت و مساوات انسانیت کی دلیل ہیں۔پڑوسی کو ستانا بدی ہے، بدی اور ظلم کا انجام دوزخ کی آگ اور نیکی اور محبت کا پھل جنت ہے۔ذات پات اور اونچ نیچ کے جھگڑے شیطان نے پیدا کیے ہیں۔خدا کی ذات کے ساتھ کسی اور وجود کو ساجی یا شریک بنانا کفر ہے۔بت پرستی، دروغ گوئی، دختر کشی اور شراب نوشی گناہ عظیم ہیں۔راہ مولا میں روپیہ پیسہ تقسیم کرنا ہر صاحب ایمان پر فرض ہے۔

کافر اور جاھل لوگ آپ کی تعلیم سے چڑ گئے۔آپ کی مخالفت اس قدر بڑھ گئی کہ آپ کو مجبوراً مکہ مکرمہ سے مدینہ شریف کی طرف ہجرت کرنا پڑی۔یہ واقعہ 622ء کا ہے۔ اسلامی کلینڈر یعنی سال ہجری اسی سن سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔مدینہ میں لوگوں نے آپ کو سر آنکھوں پر بٹھایا۔آہستہ آہستہ لوگ آپ پر ایمان لانے لگے۔آپ کی تعلیم صداقت اور سادگی پر مبنی تھی۔اس لیے اسلام بہت جلد پھیلنے لگا۔632 عیسوی میں آپ کی وفات کے وقت مسلمان سارے عرب پر چھا چکے تھے۔آج دنیا میں کوئی گوشہ ایسا نہیں جہاں مومن نہ بستے ہوں۔اہل اسلام کا عقیدہ ہے کہ حضرت محمدﷺ کے بعد دنیا میں کوئی پیغمبر نہیں آئے گا۔اس لیے آپ کو خاتم المرسلین یا خاتم الانبیاء کہتے ہیں،یعنی آپ دنیا کے آخری نبی ہیں۔

حضرت محمدﷺ پر ایک تقریر پڑھنے کے لئے یہاں کلک کریں !

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Reactions to Donald Trump being found guilty in historic New York trial

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REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE TRUMP

Campaign of president joe biden and vice president kamala harris, ian sams, spokesperson for the white house counsel's office, house judiciary committee chairman jim jordan, republican of ohio, us representative jerry nadler, democrat and ranking member of the house judiciary committee, us representative eric swalwell, democrat of california, house republican conference chair elise stefanik of new york, potential vice presidential candidate, house majority leader steve scalise, republican of louisiana, us representative lauren boebert, republican of colorado, democratic senator chris murphy of connecticut, us senator rand paul, republican of kentucky, former trump national security adviser john bolton, now a trump critic, us representative matt gaetz, republican of florida, us representative marjorie taylor greene, republican of georgia, us senator rick scott, republican of florida and candidate to replace senator mitch mcconnell as minority leader, us senator lindsey graham, republican of south carolina, us representative ronny jackson, republican of texas and white house physician under trump, former maryland governor larry hogan, now running for the us senate, right-wing activist tim pool.

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Compiled by Jonathan Oatis; Editing by Daniel Wallis

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Attorneys for the family of a Black U.S. man shot dead by a Minnesota state trooper accused prosecutors on Monday of bowing to political pressure in dropping the charges.

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Indian PM Modi's alliance leads in majority 272 seats in early counting trends, TV says

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led alliance raced away to lead in more than 272 seats - the minimum needed for a simple majority in the 543-member lower house of parliament - in early vote-counting trends on Tuesday, TV channels said.