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Compare and Contrast Jamestown and Plymouth

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Published: Mar 19, 2024

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Introduction, relationships with native americans, long-term success.

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Jamestown Colony

By: History.com Editors

Updated: June 27, 2023 | Original: March 8, 2010

On May 14, 1607, a group of roughly 100 members of a joint venture called the Virginia Company founded the first permanent English settlement in North America on the banks of the James River. 

Famine, disease and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years brought Jamestown to the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia’s first profitable export, and a period of peace followed the marriage of colonist John Rolfe to Pocahontas, the daughter of an Algonquian chief. During the 1620s, Jamestown expanded from the area around the original James Fort into a New Town built to the east. It remained the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699.

English Settlement in the New World

After Christopher Columbus ’ historic voyage in 1492, Spain dominated the race to establish colonies in the Americas, while English efforts, such as the “lost colony” of Roanoke , met with failure. In 1606, King James I granted a charter to a new venture, the Virginia Company, to form a settlement in North America. 

At the time, Virginia was the English name for the entire eastern coast of North America north of Florida ; they had named it for Elizabeth I , the “virgin queen.” The Virginia Company planned to search for gold and silver deposits in the New World, as well as a river route to the Pacific Ocean that would allow them to establish trade with the Orient.

Roughly 100 colonists left England in late December 1606 on three ships (the Susan Constant, the Godspeed and the Discovery) and reached Chesapeake Bay late the next April. After forming a governing council—including Christopher Newport, commander of the sea voyage, and Captain John Smith , a former mercenary who had been accused of insubordination aboard ship by several other company members—the group searched for a suitable settlement site. On May 13, 1607, they landed on a narrow peninsula—virtually an island—in the James River, where they would begin their lives in the New World.

Surviving the First Years

Known variously as James Forte, James Towne and James Cittie, the new settlement initially consisted of a wooden fort built in a triangle around a storehouse for weapons and other supplies, a church and a number of houses. By the summer of 1607, Newport went back to England with two ships and 40 crewmembers to give a report to the king and to gather more supplies and colonists. 

The settlers left behind suffered greatly from hunger and illnesses like typhoid and dysentery, caused from drinking contaminated water from the nearby swamp. Settlers also lived under constant threat of attack by members of local Algonquian tribes, most of which were organized into a kind of empire under Chief Powhatan.

An understanding reached between Powhatan and John Smith led the settlers to establish much-needed trade with Powhatan’s tribe by early 1608. Though skirmishes still broke out between the two groups, the Native Americans traded corn for beads, metal tools and other objects (including some weapons) from the English, who would depend on this trade for sustenance in the colony’s early years. 

After Smith returned to England in late 1609, the inhabitants of Jamestown suffered through a long, harsh winter known as “The Starving Time,” during which more than 100 of them died. Firsthand accounts describe desperate people eating pets and shoe leather. Some Jamestown colonists even resorted to cannibalism. George Percy, the colony’s leader in John Smith’s absence, wrote:

"And now famine beginning to look ghastly and pale in every face that nothing was spared to maintain life and to do those things which seem incredible, as to dig up dead corpse out of graves and to eat them, and some have licked up the blood which hath fallen from their weak fellows."

In the spring of 1610, just as the remaining colonists were set to abandon Jamestown, two ships arrived bearing at least 150 new settlers, a cache of supplies and the new English governor of the colony, Lord De La Warr.

Growth of the Colony

Though De La Warr soon took ill and went home, his successor Sir Thomas Gates and Gates’ second-in command, Sir Thomas Dale, took firm charge of the colony and issued a system of new laws that, among other things, strictly controlled the interactions between settlers and Algonquians. They took a hard line with Powhatan and launched raids against Algonquian villages, killing residents and burning houses and crops.

The English began to build other forts and settlements up and down the James River, and by the fall of 1611 had managed to harvest a decent crop of corn themselves. They had also learned other valuable techniques from the Algonquians, including how to insulate their dwellings against the weather using tree bark, and expanded Jamestown into a New Town to the east of the original fort.

A period of relative peace followed the marriage in April 1614 of the colonist and tobacco planter John Rolfe to Pocahontas , a daughter of Chief Powhatan who had been captured by the settlers and converted to Christianity . (According to John Smith, Pocahontas had rescued him from death in 1607, when she was just a young girl and he was her father’s captive.) Thanks largely to Rolfe’s introduction of a new type of tobacco grown from seeds from the West Indies, Jamestown’s economy began to thrive. 

In 1619, the colony established a General Assembly with members elected by Virginia’s male landowners; it would become a model for representative governments in later colonies. That same year, the first Africans (around 50 men, women and children) arrived in the English settlement; they had been on a Portuguese slave ship captured in the West Indies and brought to the Jamestown region. They worked as indentured servants at first (the race-based slavery system developed in North America in the 1680s) and were most likely put to work picking tobacco.

Powhatans After Pocahontas

Pocahontas’ death during a trip to England in 1617 and the death of Powhatan in 1618 strained the already fragile peace between the English settlers and the Native Americans. Under Powhatan’s successor, Opechankeno, the Algonquians became more and more angry about the colonists’ insatiable need for land and the pace of English settlement; meanwhile, diseases brought from the Old World decimated the Native American population. 

In March 1622, the Powhatan made a major assault on English settlements in Virginia, killing some 350 to 400 residents (a full one-quarter of the population). The attack hit the outposts of Jamestown the hardest, while the town itself received advance warning and was able to mount a defense.

In an effort to take greater control of the situation, King James I dissolved the Virginia Company and made Virginia into an official crown colony, with Jamestown as its capital, in 1624. The New Town area of Jamestown continued to grow, and the original fort seems to have disappeared after the 1620s. 

Though the Powhatan people continued to mount a resistance (Opechankeno, by then in his 80s, led another great rebellion in 1644), the colony continued to grow stronger, and his successor Necotowance was forced to sign a peace treaty that ceded most of the Powhatans’ land and forced them to pay an annual tribute to the colonial governor.

Bacon's Rebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion was the first rebellion in the American colonies. In 1676, economic problems and unrest with Native Americans drove Virginians led by Nathaniel Bacon to rise up against Governor William Berkeley. Colonists, enraged at declining tobacco prices and higher taxes, sought a scapegoat in local tribes who still periodically sparred with settlers and lived on land they hoped to obtain for themselves. 

A July 1675 raid by the Doeg tribe sparked retaliation, and when Governor Berkeley set up a meeting between the two quarreling parties, several tribal chiefs were murdered. In 1675, the General Assembly declared war on “hostile” tribes and forbid traders from working with them. Conveniently, trade was restricted to friends of Berkeley’s.

Bacon, a distant relative of Berkeley’s, led a volunteer militia and demanded that the Governor give him a commission to fight Native Americans. Berkeley refused, so Bacon raided and killed them on his own. Governor Berkeley named Bacon a rebel, but that didn’t stop Bacon from being elected as a burgess and returning to Jamestown to surround the statehouse with his army.

Bacon’s rallying cry was his “Declaration in the Name of the People,” which charged that Berkeley was corrupt and “protected, favoured and Imboldened the Indians against his Majesties loyall subjects.” Bacon’s forces drove Governor Berkeley from the capital and set fire to Jamestown on September 19, 1676. Bacon died of dysentery in October, and armed merchant ships from London, followed by forces sent by King Charles II, soon put down the resistance.

Jamestown Abandoned

In 1698, the central statehouse in Jamestown burned down, and Middle Plantation, now known as Williamsburg, replaced it as the colonial capital the following year. While settlers continued to live and maintain farms there, Jamestown was all but abandoned.

Jamestown Island housed military posts during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. In the 20th century, preservationists undertook a major restoration of the area. The National Park Service now administers it as part of the Colonial National Historical Park called “Historic Jamestowne.” The Jamestown Rediscovery archeological project, begun in 1994, examines artifacts uncovered at the settlement to gain a better understanding of daily life in the first permanent English colony in the New World.

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Jamestown & Plymouth Compare and Contrast Lesson

Use this standards-aligned lesson plan to focus on the similarities and differences between the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies. Students will focus on the purpose, location, problems, and progress of each colony.

Introductory Activity

Start the lesson with vocabulary. Have your students complete a vocabulary matrix for several terms related to the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies. I like to focus on the following four words: colonist, pilgrim, drought, and epidemic. Students define each word, record a synonym, use the word in a sentence, and draw a picture to represent the word’s meaning. Definitions, synonyms, and a sentence for each word are listed below. 

colonist: a person who settles in a new place; settler; The colonists settled in North America.  pilgrim: a person who travels for a religious reason; traveler; The Pilgrims left England in 1620. drought: a long period of little to no rainfall, causing a shortage of water; dry spell; The long drought made it impossible to grow crops. epidemic: a sudden outbreak of disease; disease; An epidemic killed many Indigenous Americans.

Guided Practice

Use informational text, video, or a combination of both to focus on the purpose, location, problems, and progress of the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies. Presenting the information in this way will help students identify the similarities and differences between the two colonies. Key points for each of the four criteria are listed below. Click here to download a side-by-side text comparison of the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies.

If students can write on the text, have them color-code the similarities and differences between the two colonies. If you don’t have access to a text students can write on, have them record the information on their own paper. I like to have students use different color highlighters, but underlining or circling the text in different colors also works well. 

CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PRINTABLE & DIGITAL LESSON

Independent practice.

After identifying the similarities and differences in purpose, location, problems, and progress between the two colonies, students will be ready to create a venn diagram or double bubble map. Working independently, students complete the graphic organizer by identifying two similarities and two differences between Jamestown and Plymouth.

Assessment  

To assess understanding, have students write a compare and contrast paragraph on Jamestown and Plymouth. Like the graphic organizer completed above, students will need to identify two similarities and two differences between the two colonies. 

I use an outline and close paragraph (paragraph frame) to differentiate the assessment for all levels of learners. It’s helpful to have students highlight the outline with the same colors they used to compare and contrast the text. See the image below for an example of this.

Before students begin writing their paragraphs, we review paragraph structure and transition words. Common compare and contrast transition words and sentence frames are listed below.  

I also take a minute to review the grading rubric to make sure students are aware of the paragraph expectations. I use a standard 4 point grading rubric that assesses topic sentence, similarities and differences, examples, concluding sentence, transition words, and conventions.

Compare & Contrast Sentence Frames and Transition Words   

Commonly used transition words for making a comparison: l ikewise, s imilarly, a long the same lines, i n the same way

• A similarity between ____________ and ____________ is ______________.
• _______ and ___________ both show ________________.  
• _______ and _____________ are alike in that they both ____________.
• ___________ and ___________ are alike because  __________________.
• Similarly, ___________ and __________ are __________________.
• In the same way, _______ and __________ are __________________.

Commonly used transition words for contrast: a lthough, but, by contrast, c onversely, d espite the fact, even though, however, in contrast, n evertheless, n onetheless, o n the contrary, o n the other hand, regardless, w hereas, w hile, y et  

• _______ is ________, while ___________ is __________________.
• __________ is___________, but ____________ is _______________.
• _________ and ____________ are different in that _______________.
• While ________ shows __________, __________ shows __________.
• ______ is _______, on the other hand _______ is __________.
• ________________, yet _______________________.
• Although ______________________, ________________________.
• _________ and ____________ are different because ___________________.
• A difference between _____________ and _______________ is ________________.

Love this lesson plan, but don’t have time to recreate it? Click the link below to download everything you need to compare and contrast Jamestown and Plymouth in printable and digital formats! 

Jamestown vs. Plymouth Compare and Contrast Lesson

“This was a great way to easily see the similarities and differences between the two colonies.  It was perfect for structuring and writing a compare/contrast essay.” -Lori P.

Common Core Standards

• RH.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
• RH.6-8.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies.
• RH.6-8.5 Describe how a text presents information (e.g., sequentially, comparatively, causally).

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Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay And Plymouth | Colonies

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What Is the Oldest City in America? A Look at the Top 11

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Key Takeaways

• St. Augustine, Florida, established in 1565 by admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, is believed to be the oldest continually inhabited city in the U.S.
• Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607, is widely recognized as the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
• Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded in 1610, is the third oldest city in the United States and the oldest continuously inhabited state capital.

Embarking on a journey through the United States' historical landscape to learn about the oldest city in America uncovers a rich mosaic of stories that trace back to a time before even the British arrived and settled on the land.

These cities are not just relics; they are vibrant museums alive with the stories of Indigenous cultures that flourished long before Europeans arrived. From the bustling city of New York to the tranquil shores of the Pacific Coast, let's take a virtual cross-country road trip to learn more about this nation's rich history.

Who Determines Which City Is the Oldest?

What defines a city, 11 oldest cities in america.

Before we take a historical walk down memory lane, it's important to note that America's complicated history contains layers of events and narratives from different communities, including Indigenous peoples, European settlers and countless others who have contributed to the nation's development.

In short: Determining which cities are the oldest involves more than just picking out dates.

In this quest, we also bump into the issue of what exactly makes a city a "city." There's no one-size-fits-all answer, making our task even trickier. So, as we explore these historical hubs, remember that history is often more nuanced than it appears at first glance.

11. Green Bay, Wisconsin (1634)

Established in 1634 by French explorer Jean Nicolet, Green Bay is one of America's oldest European settlements. Nicolet, dispatched by Samuel de Champlain, landed at Red Banks near modern Green Bay to foster peace with local Native American tribes and scout trade opportunities, initiating a European presence in the region.

After the French and Indian War in 1763, the city transitioned from French to British control. It ultimately became part of the United States after the Revolutionary War. Incorporated as a city in 1854, Green Bay's name likely stems from the seasonal green hues of its bay waters, attributed to algae and plant life.

Initially a hub for fur trading and missionary work, Green Bay became a significant port city at Lake Michigan's head, diversifying into manufacturing, paper production, and shipping. This propelled its development through the 19th and 20th centuries.

10. Boston, Massachusetts (1630)

The Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Company established the city of Boston on September 17, 1630 . The colonial city swiftly grew from a fledgling outpost into a bustling trade center. Its strategic harbor facilitated its rise as a bustling center of maritime commerce during colonial times.

While the city was not a major textile production center, it played a crucial role in financing and organizing the broader New England textile industry , particularly in towns like Lowell and Lawrence, which became renowned for their mills in the 19th century.

The city's rich history, from its pivotal role in the American Revolution to its contributions during the Civil War, has left a legacy of historical locations that weave through the fabric of Boston's culture today.

9. Jersey City, New Jersey (1630)

On the western bank of the Hudson River in nearby New York City, this New Jersey town stands as one of the oldest cities in the U.S. Its story predates European colonization, with its roots in the Indigenous cultures that first inhabited the region.

The modern chapter of Jersey City's history began with the arrival of European settlers. In 1630 , the Dutch West India Company purchased the land that now encompasses Jersey City from the Lenape tribe , marking the area's first significant European settlement. This early Dutch settlement was part of the larger colony of New Netherland, which included parts of modern-day New York and New Jersey.

The New Jersey town's strategic position along the Hudson River made it a pivotal location for trade and transportation from its earliest days.

As the United States grew and industrialized, Jersey City evolved in tandem, becoming a critical junction for rail and shipping networks. Its waterfront saw the construction of extensive rail yards, piers and terminals, including the famous Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, which served as a key entry point for immigrants after Ellis Island.

8. New York, New York (1624)

Back in the early 17th century, Dutch colonists founded what became an incredibly populous city.

Originally named New Amsterdam, the settlement was established on May 4, 1626, on the southern tip of Manhattan Island. The Dutch West India Company oversaw the development of the colony, which quickly grew into a bustling trading post and seaport due to its strategic location at the mouth of the Hudson.

In 1664, the English captured New Amsterdam from the early settlers and renamed it New York in honor of the Duke of York, who later became King James II of England. Under English rule, New York flourished as a center of commerce and cultural exchange, attracting immigrants from various European countries and beyond.

Throughout its history, New York City has played a central role in shaping U.S. culture, politics and economics. It has become one of the world's most influential and diverse cities.

7. Gloucester, Massachusetts (1623)

This coastal city on Cape Ann was established in the early summer of 1623 , marking its inception as one of the first English settlements in what would later become the United States.

The historic town came into being when a group associated with the Dorchester Company — made up of fishermen and farmers — decided to settle there, based on the cod population in the local water. Gloucester's strategic location, with its accessible harbors and abundant fishing grounds, naturally predisposed it to become a central maritime and fishing center.

This early settlement played a pivotal role in developing the U.S. fishing industry and intertwined Gloucester's identity and culture with its maritime heritage. As a result, the city evolved into a quintessential fishing town, its community and economy deeply influenced by the sea.

6. Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)

As you may have learned in grade school, Plymouth was founded by English colonists known as the Pilgrims in 1620. Seeking religious freedom, the Pilgrims arrived aboard the Mayflower and established Plymouth Colony, making it one of North America's earliest successful English settlements.

They landed on December 21, 1620, at a site they named Plymouth Rock, which has since become an iconic symbol of American history.

Their arrival marked the beginning of a challenging period, as the settlers were ill-equipped for the harsh conditions of the New World. Facing cold weather and famine, nearly half of the 102 settlers perished.

However, their fortunes changed when the Wampanoag, a local Indigenous tribe, extended their assistance to the struggling Pilgrims. With the help of the Wampanoag, the Plymouth colony overcame its early hardships and laid the foundation for what would become one of the earliest successful English settlements in North America.

Today, the famous pilgrim settlement is a historic town known for its rich colonial heritage and preservation of landmarks such as Plymouth Rock, Pilgrim Hall Museum and Plimoth Plantation , which offer insights into the lives of the early settlers and their interactions with Indigenous American tribes.

5. Albany, New York (1614)

Dutch colonists founded Albany, New York, in 1614 . Established initially as Fort Nassau by the Dutch West India Company, it served as a trading post for the fur trade along the Hudson River. In 1624, the settlement was relocated slightly north and renamed Fort Orange , which later became the nucleus for the city of Albany.

The city's location along the river made it a vital transportation and trade center during colonial-era New York. It grew rapidly as a center for commerce, attracting settlers from various European countries and Indigenous tribes.

Throughout its history, Albany played significant roles in various events, including the American Revolution and the growth of the Erie Canal, which further solidified its position as an important inland port city. Today, Albany is the capital of New York state.

4. Hampton, Virginia (1610)

Hampton, Virginia, was founded on July 9, 1610, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited English-speaking settlements in the United States.

Established by colonists under the leadership of Captain John Smith, Hampton's strategic location on the Virginia Peninsula facilitated trade and navigation along the Chesapeake Bay. The settlement thrived as a hub for shipping, trade and commerce during the colonial period, attracting settlers seeking economic opportunities in the New World.

Throughout its history, Hampton has been witness to significant events, including the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in English North America in 1619 and the burning of the town by British forces during the War of 1812.

Hampton is intrinsically linked to the legacy of Booker T. Washington , a prominent Black American educator and Civil Rights leader. Washington began his education at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University), where he later returned as a teacher.

Today, Hampton is known for historic sites such as Fort Monroe , and its role in shaping American history. It is also home to NASA's Langley Research Center , which contributes to advancements in aerospace technology and exploration.

3. Santa Fe, New Mexico (1610)

Santa Fe was founded in 1610 by Spanish colonists led by Don Pedro de Peralta. It is widely believed to be the third oldest city in the United States. The southwestern city's origins trace back to the colonial era when it was established as the capital of the Spanish colony of Nuevo México.

Situated in New Mexico, its founding marked a significant moment in the history of North America, as it became the oldest continuously inhabited state capital (not just city) in the United States. Santa Fe's strategic location along the historic Camino Real de Tierra Adentro facilitated trade and cultural exchange between Spanish settlers, Indigenous peoples and other traders.

The city's early economy focused on trade, missionary work and agriculture. Over the centuries, present-day Santa Fe has evolved into a vibrant cultural hub renowned for its adobe architecture, rich history and diverse artistic heritage.

It is widely celebrated for its art, Indigenous crafts and the Santa Fe Fiesta . Figures like Georgia O'Keeffe, synonymous with New Mexican art, mark Santa Fe's rich artistic legacy.

2. Jamestown, Virginia (1607)

With the authority of the Virginia Company of London and King James I, English settlers established Jamestown in Virginia on May 14, 1607. Widely recognized as the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, the colonial capital quickly became a cornerstone of English America.

However, the town's early years were marked by severe hardships, with European settlers grappling with disease, famine and conflicts with Indigenous peoples.

The colony's turnaround was spearheaded by the introduction of tobacco by John Rolfe, who married Pocahontas , a young Algonquin woman and figure of enduring legend, in 1614. This economic pivot laid the groundwork for English expansion in the New World and the complex societal structures that would follow, including the grim legacy of slavery.

Jamestown played a crucial role in the early colonial history of North America and served as a foothold for English expansion into the New World. Its establishment marked the beginning of English colonization in what would later become the United States of America.

1. St. Augustine, Florida (1565)

Established by admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés as a Spanish town in 1565, St. Augustine has a storied past that weaves through eras of colonization, pirate incursions and significant civil rights battles.

From its founding, the city has been a site of contention and struggle, including conflicts between European powers, battles for control during the colonial period and later, pivotal moments in the fight for civil rights. It's widely believed to be the oldest continually inhabited city in the U.S.

St. Augustine's history is deeply intertwined with Spanish Florida, a vast colonial territory established by Spain in the early 16th century.

The Spanish town encompassed much of the southeastern United States, including present-day Florida, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. It served as a crucial outpost for Spain's colonial ambitions in the New World, providing a strategic foothold for defending Spanish interests and facilitating trade routes.

Throughout Spanish Florida's history, European nations vied for control of the region. It was also a melting pot of cultures, with Spanish, Indigenous, African and other European influences shaping its identity.

The area has since evolved into a charming beach getaway town, blending its historical legacy with Florida's coastal beauty.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.

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Jamestown, Plymouth, and Roanoke Settlements History

All three settlements had their times of successes and setbacks. None of the settlements had the greatest relationship with the Native Americans which proved to be a struggle in the long run. AS time went on their relations with the Natives Grew. Both Jamestown and Plymouth were involved in a joint stock trading company and they both established a legislative government. Both Roanoke and Plymouth were founded by Quakers and had governors.

The Beginning of Jamestown

Founded in 1607 by London Company, a very Private enterprise.

The motivations for the Jamestown settlement consisted of, Economic prosperity, men hoped to make fortunes in Virginia and then return to England. Previous explorers brought home tales of vast amounts of gold and other valuable objects and resources. The English wanted to Prevent the Spanish and French from expanding territorial claims in North America. Like any other new colony Jamestown had its fair share of difficulties starting out. Some of these Difficulties were, laziness of colonists, there were few expectations that manual labor would be required, they depended fully on the native americans for food, and disease and starvation killed a majority of colonists in the first year.

The Beginning of Plymouth

Founded in 1607, by London joint-stock company. The motivations for the plymouth colony included, Religious freedom, Puritans would be persecuted for rebelling against the church of England, much like with the Jamestown Settlement the English wanted to Prevent Spain and France from expanding territorial claims in North America. Plymouth had plenty of hardships as they started out some being, The mayflower arriving on December Twenty-First, During the harsh winters about half of their colony died.

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Early attempts at growing crops failed (so they were taught to grow crops by the Natives).

The Beginning Of Roanoke

Roanoke was the first official attempt at finding an English Settlement. It was established in the year 1585. They had a very rough start with lack of very important supplies and very a very bad relationship with the nearby Native Americans. This rough start caused many members to go back to england, but the majority returned within a year.

Each Colonies Successes

Jamestown successes consisted of, firm leadership giving direction during a very difficult early colonization, growing tobacco made their land and colony very valuable. Plymouth’s successes included, the strength of the mayflower compact, Pilgrims were able to grow corn which became very valuable, the initial cooperation of the native population and pilgrims allowed for the growth of the settlement.

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Essay On Plymouth Vs Jamestown

Show More Plymouth and Jamestown being one of the first colonies in America through out there way on their search for a better life many things were going on there way to their destination. As it said in the book, “Such actions have ever since the world's beginning been subject to such accidents, and everything of worth is found full of difficulties” Such as early both being englishmen and english families who traveled to be able to have a better life and a better way of living. But those to english travelers never thought they were going to be suffering over and during the time they were both traveling. The plymouth were families who were going off traveling to find a better life they were families not only men like Jamestown. But the end they both ended up suffering and never thought the things they went through they were going to suffer. Plymouth was one of a few groups that had gone out to travel to find a better life to live on with their families. Plymouth people were a group of religious that were english people . Although there was some problems going on their destination “ships was shroundly shaken, and her upper works made very leak; and one of the main beams in the mid ships was bowed and cracked, which put them in some …show more content… But not two of the groups work or are like each other. Jamestown is one of the groups that I or you would like to go on a trip for several months. But looking at the way that Plymouth works is really a good choice to go work with them. Jamestown is really a one savage group who were only interested in money. And how they would be able to survive with the money that they were going to have. Although Plymouth was the opposite they were a group who knew how to work together and get things come out good with no problem. One and another of these groups had many differences but at the end they were all english people just looking for a better way to live

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Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth

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Jamestown Vs Plymouth Compare And Contrast Essay

From Poverty to Prosperity: the Comparison of Jamestown and Plymouth Long before what we now call America there was nothing but unequipped pilgrims coming from Europe, and Native Americans. They faced many challenges including harsh climates, diseases that attacked their incognizant immune systems, and Natives who were ready to fight for what was rightfully theirs. Among these colonies two stand out, and while they share a few similarities both are profusely different; Jamestown and Plymouth . The Jamestown colonist settled in Virginia. The colony had started off terribly. They suffered from famine, they laid around in their own filth, they were attacked by diseases, and all of this was caused by poor leadership. While the common folk starved …show more content…

First off, Jamestown was mostly made up of men who had traveled for business, while Plymouth was populated by women, men, and children who pilgrimaged for religious security. Because of their reasons for travel Jamestown colonist were self seeking, and self serving, but the Puritans never hesitated to help their fellow Puritans. The leaders of these colonies were also abundantly different. Smith was boastful and made himself out to be a hero of some sort, Meanwhile, Bradford was humble and gave God credit for his and the colony’s accomplishments. Both colonies struggled with finding their way on their new land, their homes in England were tremendously different. Very little of the colonist had been able to survive from both colonies. Jamestown, and Plymouth had both starved and were dehydrated, because their lack of resources. Not to mention all the diseases that had attacked their unaware immune systems. For both colonies a struggle had turned into hope. The two Natives tribes had been waging a war with both colonies, but at they end they were able to assemble a peace

Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth

In conclusion Jamestown and Plymouth both had unique challenges in the early years of colonization. Although both were successful in different aspects, both had problems with famine, and disease which crippled them throughout the beginning of their prospective colonies. Despite their economic hardships, they were both equally important and vital to the future of

Although New England and the Chesapeake Region Were Both Settled Largely by People of English Origin, by 1700 the Regions Had Evolved Into Two Distinct Societies. Why Did This Difference in Development Occur?

One of the major differences between both societies was unity. The Puritans came with the knowledge of working together and becoming closer to God. When they travelled they travelled together not separately like the inhabitants of Virginia. Document G vividly illustrates the mistrust between the colonists as it states,” ….Virginia is intersected by so many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend them. John Winthrop’s, “A city upon a hill” characterizes the puritans as caring human beings who stuck together through hardships. Bacon’s Manifesto was best way to describe how disunited the pilgrims acted. In Nathanial Bacon’s speech, Document H, he declares, “All people in all places where we have yet been can attest our civil, quiet, peaceable behavior far different from that of rebellion.” Bacon and his supporters later could bear no more and burned Jamestown into ashes. This is a result of the disunity and lack of respect these pilgrims had for each other.

Chesapeake Bay and New England Dbq Essay

The immigrants that settled the colonies of Chesapeake Bay and New England came to the New World for two different reasons. These differences were noticeable in social structure, economic outlook, and religious background. As the colonies were organized the differences were becoming more and more obvious and affected the way the communities prospered. These differences are evident from both written documents from the colonists and the historical knowledge of this particular period in time.

Essay on Jamestown Vs. New England Colony

Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay Colony had many similarities and differences. Many of these differences were due to their physical location and climatic conditions. The success of both colonies can be contributed to strong leadership and the characteristics of the personalities of the settlers that inhabited each settlement. Many of the early problems in both settlements can be contributed to a lack of knowledge on the parts of the settlers along with attacks from neighboring Native American tribes.

Essay On Jamestown Disease

Jamestown, an English colony, was in a constant spiral of death and struggles that included diseases, lack of resources and the Powhatan (natives) between 1607 and 1611. Diseases including multiple waterborne diseases from brackishness and a few others just in general. The lack of resources that included clean water and food in general as well as people that defended the colony. The colony was also faced with the challenge of the Powhatan from bad trades to war, they were basically rivals the entire time of 1607 to 1611 were there.

Similarities And Differences Between Plymouth And Jamestown

Unfortunately, both group, Plymouth and Jamestown became to have settlers rebel and not agree to rules and began having ideas of rebellion. The idea of staying together and being controlled by the prominent ruler, whether it was John Smith or William Bradford was difficult. It was also difficult to maintain a sustainable resource of food growth and crops. The fall of resource began and the commoners began to become greedy for survival and took advantage of the unsustainable rate of food production leaving others to starve and die. Both towns eventually collapsed because of the cause of starvation and death.

Jamestown and Plymouth Essay

The English had two main colonies in the new world, Jamestown and Plymouth. The first colony was Jamestown, established in Virginia in 1607. Jamestown was settled by Captain John Smith, and was named after King James I. Tobacco was the main export of Jamestown, and became the basis of the Jamestown economy, sending more than 50,000 lbs of the plan back to Europe by 1618 (textbook 46). Jamestown had a very rocky start, many colonists dying in the first few years of the settlement, and the settlers had many problems with natives. Shortly after the arrival of English colonists the Natives attacked them, and were finally forced back by a canon from the English. A very uneasy truce was finally settled between the natives, called the Powhatans,

Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Massachusetts Bay Colonies

The early colonization of Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay was both recognized by the similar groups of people which bring the community spirit, their colonizing, and their government in contradictory beginnings as a colony, religion, and means of economic stability shaped two different politics and economic systems.

Compare And Contrast Plymouth And Jamestown

Long before the Founding Fathers, European countries built settlements in the wilderness of the New World. During the 1600’s, English settlers founded Plymouth and Jamestown along the Eastern Coast of North America. Puritans established Plymouth to escape the Catholic Church of England. The Virginia Company established Jamestown in search of fortune. Both settlements managed unavoidable contact with the natives. Although both Plymouth and Jamestown’s interactions with Native Americans included early encounters, diplomatic intermediaries, and peace treaties, Jamestown’s approach differed from by displaying less aggression.

Compare And Contrast Massachusetts Bay And Jamestown

    Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay were the first English colonies formed in North America in the early 1600’s. While the Jamestown settlers searched for gold, the Massachusetts Bay colonist came to escape persecution in England and obtain religious freedoms. Although Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay were both English colonies, they both share many similarities as well as differences socially, economically, and politically. Social similarities include the dealings with Native Americans. (examples of each)

Jamestown And Plymouth Compare And Contrast

Jamestown and Plymouth were both the first successful towns in the “new world” aka United states, in the 1700’s. Jamestown was located in Virginia and Plymouth was located in Massachusetts. Both towns had their ups and downs. In this essay i will discuss the compare and contrast between the towns.

They resembled each other most in their governmental systems, and differed a lot in work and in family and communal structures. Each colony had a different life to offer, so one settlement was not necessarily superior to the other. *Chesapeake’s economy could not have been possible without the Columbian Exchange, when this crop was first introduced the Europeans and popularized. *Like Jamestown, Plymouth colonist needed the help of the Natives for foodstuffs. There were components of each that made them succeed, and others that took away from the quality of

On May 14, 1607, a group of roughly 100 members of a joint venture called the Virginia Company, founded the first permanent English settlement in North America. The Jamestown colonists purpose is to find gold, silver, and other resources all they want is claiming land and riches. Smith left the Jamestown settlers without a strong leader so he left all his people alone. There’s no houses for them, there’s no supplies for them to survive due to the lack of leadership. So the settlers faced many hardships they had not expected. The settlers lacked some skills necessary to contribute for themselves like farming, hunting, etc. Many settlers died not only because of starvation & disease but also during the winter many settlers starve or froze to death because they don’t have anything for that season. After all what happens to them the settler adjusted to their new lives in America. The few remaining colonists turned to local Powhatan Indians to help them learn the process of planting and harvesting corn and tobacco. The settlers relied on

Differences Between 1492 And The Early 1700s

Jamestown is known to be the first prosperous English settlement, yet unfortunately the Native Americans had to pay the price. The lives of Native Americans were forcefully and crucially altered due to the Europeans choice to colonize and/or take over what had previously been the homeland of the Native

Pilgrims And Saharan War

The Pilgrims didn’t have no resources. They gathered all their harvests that they had from their planting. The pilgrims were independent and didn’t depend on anyone to give them food, clothes, etc. They were hard workers and they would move a lot. They settled at plymouth and

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Body of slain Md. probation agent was wrapped in plastic bags, police say

The man charged in the case was ordered held Monday after appearing in court in Montgomery County.

The convicted sex offender accused of killing a Maryland probation agent stabbed him repeatedly in the head and neck, wrapped his body in plastic bags and pushed the victim under a bed in his Chevy Chase apartment, according to new court filings and prosecutors’ first comments on the case.

Emanuel Edward Sewell, 54, was ordered held Monday after a brief hearing in Montgomery County District Court. He is charged with murder in the May 31 death of Davis Martinez, 33.

The agent was conducting a routine visit alone to Sewell’s home, authorities said, and was attacked even as he wore his bulletproof vest. He suffered at least five wounds to his head and face, a stab wound to his brain and a six-inch slashing to his neck, prosecutors said.

“It was a brutal killing,” Montgomery County Police Chief Marcus Jones said.

Last week, as union leaders representing agents continued to decry operating procedures at the state’s Division of Parole and Probation, state officials announced a management shake-up at the agency. They also suspended at-home visits by their agents as an investigation into what happened continues.

Sewell had been under supervision for several years after his release from prison in 2021. That earlier case — as detailed in court documents and recordings — was described by his own attorneys as horrific. Just after midnight on Oct. 18, 1996, according to court records, Sewell climbed through a ground-level window of a Montgomery County apartment, slipped into the bedroom and woke a young physicist by holding a knife to his throat.

“Don’t move, don’t scream,” Sewell told the man, according to prosecutors at the time. “I will cut you.”

Sewell bound the man’s arms and legs, gagged his mouth, and raped him, according to court proceedings. He left with the victim’s ATM card, videocassette recorder and 1991 Plymouth, court records say. Sewell later told a judge that the ravages of drug addiction played a role in his attacking a stranger.

“He was a victim of the evil that was in me,” Sewell said at the time.

Martinez’s co-workers have described him as dedicated, caring and generous. He had worked as a probation and parole agent for six years.

“He was just a really great person. He is a hero,” said Rayneika Robinson, president of the Division of Parole and Probation employees’ AFSCME Maryland local.

On Monday, prosecutors ticked off the series of injuries suffered by Martinez in arguing that Sewell should continue to be held without bond. “Six-inch cut to the jugular ... four to five stab wounds to the head ... stab wound above the eye,” Montgomery Deputy State’s Attorney Ryan Wechsler said in court.

She added that Martinez suffered bruises to his face and “defensive wounds,” suggesting the agent was trying to ward off the blows. Prosecutors said they intend to seek an indictment for first-degree murder, a step above Sewell’s current charge of second-degree murder.

An attorney representing Sewell, Ilan Friedmann of the Maryland Public Defender’s Office, did not address the allegations in court. Judge William Simmons ordered that Sewell remain held without bond.

Sewell grew up in the D.C. area and was placed in and out of foster care. He moved at least 10 times before turning 16, according to his attorneys in the sex-assault case. He starred as a football player in high school in Montgomery County, they said, but was soon waylaid by cocaine use and mental illness.

Sewell had bright spots — earning his GED, buying a home in Rockville in his early 20s and working in accounting. “You have some gifts that a lot of people don’t have,” Montgomery County Circuit Court Judge D. Warren Donohue told Sewell years ago. “You strike me as being quite intelligent.”

By the mid-1990s, Sewell was smoking $150 worth of crack cocaine daily, his attorneys said in court hearings at that time. He went through bouts of homelessness and repeated suicide attempts — at one point jumping from Sugarloaf Mountain and at another from the top of a parking garage, according to court records. He pleaded guilty to robbery in 1995 after taking a woman’s purse and, after a brief stint in jail, was sentenced to probation, according to court records.

In early 1996, prosecutors said, the young physicist took a job in Montgomery County in part because he believed it would be safer than living in Washington, according to then-Assistant State’s Attorney James Trusty. The apartment where he lived was near traffic, Trusty said, so he slept with earplugs. On a night in October 1996, unusually warm weather prompted him to leave a window open.

About 1 a.m., according to authorities, Sewell cut through a screen and got inside. He confronted the victim in his bed, bound him and sexually assaulted him. “Mr. Sewell threatened him with the knife, showed him the knife, and said, ‘I will cut you,’ or even that ‘I will kill you,’” Trusty said in court on April 18, 1997, when Sewell pleaded guilty to the attack.

During the crime, Sewell had grown angry that there was little money in the apartment. At another point, according to Trusty, Sewell told the man he shouldn’t leave his window open. He took the VCR and the ATM card, and, with the victim still bound, he hid his telephone in the refrigerator before leaving.

The victim managed to wiggle free in about 10 minutes, eventually found his phone and called the police. Two weeks later, police spotted the physicist’s stolen Plymouth, pulled it over and found Sewell behind the wheel. It was evident, prosecutors said, that he had been living in the car.

Sewell was sentenced to 20 years in prison for a first-degree sex offense and additional time for a burglary count. He was released in 2021 under Maryland’s mandatory release provisions, which take into account credits that prisoners can earn for good conduct and participating in programs. Sewell was supervised by agents from Maryland’s parole and probation agency.

In his case, that meant routine visits to an apartment where he lived along Terrace Drive in an area of Montgomery north of East-West Highway and midway between Connecticut Avenue and 16th Street.

Accounts differ on what kind of probation client Sewell was. Carolyn Scruggs, the head of Maryland’s Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services, said he “had not shown to pose a risk prior.” But Patrick Moran, president of the AFSCME Maryland employees’ union, said agents had raised concerns.

“This guy was known to be a problem,” Moran said.

It’s not clear exactly when Martinez arrived at Sewell’s home on May 31. He was not armed with a handgun, as is typical for probation agents, according to their union. He was wearing a bulletproof vest.

A neighbor would later tell detectives there was a knock at Sewell’s door about 9 a.m. Sometime later, the witness noticed a white Ford Taurus, which turned out to be Martinez’s state-issued car, parked outside. Several hours later, about 2 p.m., the witness said, Sewell walked from his apartment carrying two clear bags of clothes, climbed into his Hyundai Elantra and drove off.

Shortly before 6 p.m., after Martinez had not reported back, Montgomery County police officers were called to the apartment. They eventually forced their way inside and “found an unresponsive male wrapped in multiple plastic bags underneath a bed,” investigators wrote in court papers. “Officers noted the body appeared to be in the fetal position and observed a bloodied towel near the front door.”

A manhunt for Sewell ensued. About 5 p.m. the next day, U.S. marshals in West Virginia got notice that Sewell’s Elantra was in the Hurricane area. Joined by state and local authorities, they saturated the area, spotting the car along Interstate 64 and tried to pull it over, according to Deputy U.S. Marshal Mark Waggamon. But the driver wouldn’t stop.

The marshals pinned the Elantra, disabling it, and approached on foot, Waggamon said. Sewell wasn’t armed, he said, but had to be forced out of the car.

Sewell was held in West Virginia for about a week before returning to Montgomery County on Friday, according to court records.

Plymouth Essays

Compare and contrast plymouth and jamestown.

Plymouth and Jamestown were both early American colonies that greatly influenced the rest of American history. These two colonies both had their differences. Many differences were small and some were large. Plymouth was a colony built by puritans in 1620 in Massachusetts. Jamestown was built by the Virginia Company of London in 1607 in Virginia. The location of these two settlements were greatly different and served different purposes. Also, the reasons behind building these settlements were different

Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth

Have you ever wondered,how Jamestown and Plymouth are related? Or perhaps how they differ; the same? Well Jamestown and Plymouth were both located in England. They come from the same area, but had its differences. They weren't exactly alike to say, but weren't all that different either. Don't understand me? Well this is exactly what i'm going to explain; their differences, similarities, and what made them...well them,but also how they came to be known today. The Virginia company was one of

Olaudah Equiano And Of Plymouth Plantation

writings, one may come to the conclusion that the events that occurred in Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation and Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano are two of a kind. However, by reading these works in detail and understanding the historical background and circumstances that go along with both writings, one can understand that while some elements of a pilgrim’s voyage, described in Of Plymouth Plantation, and a slave’s voyage, described in The Interesting Narrative of the Life

Plymouth Jury Trial Essay

their quest for religious freedom. The Pilgrims established Colonial law three years after their landing on Plymouth where it was ruled: “that all criminal facts, and also matters of trespasse and debts betweene man and man should be tried by the verdict of twelve honest men to be impaneled by the authority in forme of a jury upon their oath.” The first case of a jury trial was in Plymouth, 1630 when John Billington was accused of murdering John Newcomin, a fellow colonist that was aboard the Mayflower

Essay Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth

Pilgrim families arrived in Plymouth in December 1620 and in May 1607, 105 men arrived in Jamestown for the foundation of the first permanent English settlement in North America. Some may say that these two regions only have similarities because they were English. Although Jamestown and Plymouth have a series of similarities, there are a majority of differences because of religion, geography, economics, government, culture, and successes/failures. There was a variety of similarities between the

Compare And Contrast The Rise And Decline Of Plymouth Colony

The Plymouth colony prospered after the first winter and came to be the second lasting English settlement. Plymouth was established in 1620 by the pilgrims. The population of Plymouth started out small with only 102 people, with only half surviving the first winter. After the first winter Plymouth began to prosper. The climate helped keep some diseases at bay. The settlers of Plymouth were hard workers and quickly built plank houses, a meeting house, and gardens. At first the Pilgrims faced minimal

Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Of Plymouth Plantation

coming to a land of freedom to do whatever they want and to create a new way of living among the natives that already had been stable in the new world. John Smith and William Bradford in their stories, the General History of Virginia John Smith and Of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford they had explained how they struggled in the boat to come to the new world and how they had to work together to survive in an unknown land with no resources. Smith and Bradford support their explanation by illustrating

Essay Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth Plantation

in a colony that they named Jamestown. This was the first permanent English settlement in the so called “New World”. Thirteen years later, 102 men on board the Mayflower, came ashore in Massachusetts, in a colony known as the Plymouth Plantation. The Jamestown and Plymouth colonies were the first English colonies to be established in North America. Although many people do not acknowledge these two colonies, they helped us compose America. Jamestown was a strict colony in the state of Virginia.

Comparison Of William Bradford And Religion In Of Plymouth Plantation

William Bradford and Religion in Of Plymouth Plantation Of Plymouth Plantation is the primary work of William Bradford. This is the history of the Puritans, even more so the Pilgrims that landed at Plymouth Rock. Bradford’s account of what is often considered the first book of American History. Yet there have been some criticism about the accounts that Bradford describes in his history of the Puritans and whether it was sided to sympathize with the Puritans and show the horridness of the Indians

The Life In William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation

In the story of Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradford led the pilgrims across the ocean to Plymouth Rock to settle in 1620. Though they faced many hardships and were forced to climb and overcome many obstacles, they stayed strong and kept with God. In Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradford tells the story of him and the pilgrims. Bradford was a very successful man who had many achievements in his life; Prentice Hall notes, “After the death of the colony’s first leader, the Pilgrims elected Bradford governor

The Separatists In William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation

In Of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford records the journey of the Separatists as they cross the Atlantic Ocean and begin life in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Bradford discloses the reasons for leaving at the beginning of this book. This disclosure sets the stage for what is to come and gives the reader insight into the mind of not only Bradford but also the rest of the Separatist community. By pairing this insight with historical context as well as literary and cultural context, the reader is able

The Rhetorical Devices In William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation

narrative Of Plymouth Plantation, relates the life of Separatists in the New World during the winter. Bradford’s purpose is to expose the reality of what the separatists’ lives were like during the first winter in Plymouth. He adopts a mellow tone in order to make the struggles of the separatists of Plymouth are worthy of remembrance to younger generations. Bradford supports his claims by using rhetorical writing; he uses Pathos to present the emotional aspect of their lives in Plymouth, employs logos

Compare And Contrast John Smith And Of Plymouth Plantation

In The General History of Virginia, written by John Smith, Smith explained a New World colony filled with magical expectations, while in Of Plymouth Plantation, written by William Bradford, Bradford wrote the realities of a beginning New Word colony. As both men are similar in as they established a colony, they differ in the reason behind it. Smith and Bradford described their narrative accounts through differing styles, tones, objectives and purposes. John Smith and William Bradford were

Differences And Similarities Between Jamestown And Plymouth Settlements

Jamestown and Plymouth can be similar and different depending on the ways they’re looked at. Both establishments were built on hard work and resourceful people; however, there are some variations between the two. Although both settlements had similar impacts on present day America, there were still differences between the setbacks they had, along with the reasoning for establishing these settlements. One of the differences between these two settlements were early setbacks. The people of Jamestown

Compare And Contrast La Relacion And Of Plymouth Plantation

Although both La Relacion by De Vaca and “Of Plymouth Plantation” by William Bradford were motivated by adventure, De Vaca’s attitude is one of where the Natives were friends whereas William Bradford attitude is hostile and unfriendly. The relationships in the two stories are different by how De Vaca treated the Native peoples whereas William Bradford had a different attitude or feeling for these people. But they both think that the Native people as savages and wild animals. In De Vaca’s story when

How Did William Bradford Setbacks On Their Journey In Of Plymouth Plantation

​In William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation, the pilgrims undergo a couple of setbacks on their journey across the ocean. Their journey began with the Mayflower setting sail from Plymouth hoping to get to the other side of the Atlantic. Hopes of reaching land safely were set short; but the crew decided to plead to god for help with their voyage. In looking at Of Plymouth Plantation’s, we will consider the sailing crew and their continual pleading to god to find how god’s providence is always amongst

First Thanksgiving Research Paper

learning! Approximately two weeks prior to the “Thanksgiving Village” experience, students are taken on a series of several “virtual field trips.” These 20 minute field trips are online videos that have a tour of a Mayflower replica, a visit to Plymouth Plantation in Massachusetts, and actual discussions with members of the Wampanog Tribe who are still alive today! To start the Thanksgiving Village

Free Argumentative Essays: The First Thanksgiving

pretty clothes. They ate what they had, not anything that they wanted. The schools don’t really portray what actually happened on the first thanksgiving. The trip on the Mayflower wasn’t all sunshine and rainbows, it was harsh. The ship took off from Plymouth with 102 pilgrims in the year of 1620. This wasn’t any short trip; it took 66 long days to reach Cape Cod. When they arrived it was winter, so most people stayed on the ship. Only about half of the original passengers survived until spring. In March

Pros And Cons Of Bartolome De Las Casas

Narragansett to attack the Wampanoags. When word spread to the separatists, they commissioned Squanto and Hobomok, a Wampanoag, to determine the state of the feud between the two tribes. Corbitant then took Squanto and Hobomok hostage some 14 miles from Plymouth. Upon hearing of this, the separatists took hostages of their own and vowed vengeance if Squanto was killed. A group of settlers set out to recover Squanto. When they arrived, several Indians were wounded and all disarmed, but Corbitant was gone

Francis Drake Was The Name The Spanish Feared Most In The 1600's

But he didn’t learn to become a pirate alone, he was taught by his relative John Hawkins, one of the most skilled pirates of the 1500’s. According to the book Sir Francis Drake, Slave Trader and Pirate, Drake moved from Devonshire to Plymouth when he was a teenager . John Hawkins, Drake’s second cousin, was the son of a rich merchant and pirate named William Hawkins . John also traded with other places, as well as raided some for treasure. Francis accompanied John on some of his voyages

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VAR, semi-automated offsides and connected ball technology - what will be used at Euro 2024?

VAR will be used at Euro 2024 in Germany; Semi-automated offside technology and goal-line technology also in place at the tournament venues; Connected ball technology will be used at the Euros for the very first time

Tuesday 11 June 2024 14:14, UK

VAR, semi-automated offsides and connected ball technology for the first time - here's how technology will be used at Euro 2024 this summer...

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How will VAR work at Euro 2024?

There will be a Video Assistant Referee (VAR), two Assistant Video Assistant Referees (AVAR) and three video operators at all games at Euro 2024.

During matches, the VAR team will constantly check for clear and obvious errors related to the following four match-changing situations:

• Incidents in the penalty area
• Mistaken identity

Here's how the VAR process will work, as described by UEFA's website...

The VAR team will check all match-changing situations but will only intervene for clear and obvious error. The referee can hold up play while a decision is being reviewed.

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If the VAR review provides clear evidence of what appears to be a serious mistake in a game-changing situation, the VAR can then ask the referee to conduct an on-field review. The final decision can only be taken by the referee.

The VAR is also able to consider any infringement that could have taken place in the immediate build-up to the incident (the attacking phase of play).

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For 'factual' decisions (e.g. offsides and fouls in or outside the penalty area), the VAR can simply inform the referee of those facts and the on-field view screen isn't needed, but it is always the referee who takes the final decision.

The information of the review process will be communicated within the stadium using the stadium screens.

The football technologies hub at Euro 2024 (FTECH)

The FTECH hub is the epicentre of all technological operations for Euro 2024. Video match officials (VARs and AVARs) will be present and operational for all matches from the four video operations room (VORs) built inside the FTECH hub at the international broadcast centre in Leipzig The hub receives and collates all the data collected by the various technologies via optical cameras (goal-line technology and electronic performance tracking system) or sensors (connected ball). All the data is quality controlled live and distributed to the different applications (SAOT, performance analysis portal, etc).

Connected ball technology

The official match ball for Euro 2024 will feature adidas connected ball technology. It will be the first time this technology will be used at the Euros.

Connected ball technology sends precise ball data to VAR officials in real time. Using player position data with AI, the technology helps UEFA's semi-automated offside technology (SAOT) and will play a key role in supporting faster decisions from the officials in games.

Connected Ball Technology for the first time at a UEFA EURO – providing unprecedented insight into every element of the movement of the ball and contributing to UEFA’s video assistant refereeing decision-making process UEFA

It will also help VAR officials to identify every individual touch of the ball and will reduce the time spent reviewing handball and penalty incidents.

Did you know?

The official match ball of Euro 2024 is called FUSSBALLLIEBE, which means “love of football” in German.

Semi-automated offside technology

Semi-automated offside technology (SAOT) will help VAR teams to make offside decision more quickly and more accurately.

There will be 10 specialised cameras at the Euro 2024 stadiums which will track 29 different body points on every player.

The system, alongside the connected ball technology, will immediately identify the point of ball contact for the offside situations analysed.

Semi-automated offside is already used in the Champions League and Italy's Serie A and it was also used at the World Cup in Qatar in 2022.

It was also used in the most recent Women's World Cup and at December's Club World Cup in Saudi Arabia, which was won by Manchester City.

The Premier League will use SAOT before the end of the year.

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Goal-line technology (GLT)

Goal-line technology (GLT) systems will be in place at all the venues in use for the tournament.

This system has been in use in UEFA's elite club and national team competitions since 2016 and it uses seven cameras per goal, also using control software to track the ball within the goal area.

Goal-line technology will alert the officials if a goal was scored within one second of the action courtesy of a vibration and visual signal on each match official's watch.

Euro 2024 fixtures, schedule, teams, venues

From fixtures to venues, here's all you need to know about this summer's tournament...

Euro 2024 squad lists

Who is going to Germany? Countries have named their final squads for Euro 2024 and you can see them all here.

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