english word dissertation

Dissertation Structure & Layout 101: How to structure your dissertation, thesis or research project.

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) Reviewed By: David Phair (PhD) | July 2019

So, you’ve got a decent understanding of what a dissertation is , you’ve chosen your topic and hopefully you’ve received approval for your research proposal . Awesome! Now its time to start the actual dissertation or thesis writing journey.

To craft a high-quality document, the very first thing you need to understand is dissertation structure . In this post, we’ll walk you through the generic dissertation structure and layout, step by step. We’ll start with the big picture, and then zoom into each chapter to briefly discuss the core contents. If you’re just starting out on your research journey, you should start with this post, which covers the big-picture process of how to write a dissertation or thesis .

*The Caveat *

In this post, we’ll be discussing a traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout, which is generally used for social science research across universities, whether in the US, UK, Europe or Australia. However, some universities may have small variations on this structure (extra chapters, merged chapters, slightly different ordering, etc).

So, always check with your university if they have a prescribed structure or layout that they expect you to work with. If not, it’s safe to assume the structure we’ll discuss here is suitable. And even if they do have a prescribed structure, you’ll still get value from this post as we’ll explain the core contents of each section.  

Overview: S tructuring a dissertation or thesis

• Acknowledgements page
• Abstract (or executive summary)
• Table of contents , list of figures and tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Literature review
• Chapter 3: Methodology
• Chapter 4: Results
• Chapter 5: Discussion
• Chapter 6: Conclusion
• Reference list

As I mentioned, some universities will have slight variations on this structure. For example, they want an additional “personal reflection chapter”, or they might prefer the results and discussion chapter to be merged into one. Regardless, the overarching flow will always be the same, as this flow reflects the research process , which we discussed here – i.e.:

• The introduction chapter presents the core research question and aims .
• The literature review chapter assesses what the current research says about this question.
• The methodology, results and discussion chapters go about undertaking new research about this question.
• The conclusion chapter (attempts to) answer the core research question .

In other words, the dissertation structure and layout reflect the research process of asking a well-defined question(s), investigating, and then answering the question – see below.

To restate that – the structure and layout of a dissertation reflect the flow of the overall research process . This is essential to understand, as each chapter will make a lot more sense if you “get” this concept. If you’re not familiar with the research process, read this post before going further.

Right. Now that we’ve covered the big picture, let’s dive a little deeper into the details of each section and chapter. Oh and by the way, you can also grab our free dissertation/thesis template here to help speed things up.

The title page of your dissertation is the very first impression the marker will get of your work, so it pays to invest some time thinking about your title. But what makes for a good title? A strong title needs to be 3 things:

• Succinct (not overly lengthy or verbose)
• Specific (not vague or ambiguous)
• Representative of the research you’re undertaking (clearly linked to your research questions)

Typically, a good title includes mention of the following:

• The broader area of the research (i.e. the overarching topic)
• The specific focus of your research (i.e. your specific context)
• Indication of research design (e.g. quantitative , qualitative , or  mixed methods ).

For example:

A quantitative investigation [research design] into the antecedents of organisational trust [broader area] in the UK retail forex trading market [specific context/area of focus].

Again, some universities may have specific requirements regarding the format and structure of the title, so it’s worth double-checking expectations with your institution (if there’s no mention in the brief or study material).

Acknowledgements

This page provides you with an opportunity to say thank you to those who helped you along your research journey. Generally, it’s optional (and won’t count towards your marks), but it is academic best practice to include this.

So, who do you say thanks to? Well, there’s no prescribed requirements, but it’s common to mention the following people:

• Your dissertation supervisor or committee.
• Any professors, lecturers or academics that helped you understand the topic or methodologies.
• Any tutors, mentors or advisors.
• Your family and friends, especially spouse (for adult learners studying part-time).

There’s no need for lengthy rambling. Just state who you’re thankful to and for what (e.g. thank you to my supervisor, John Doe, for his endless patience and attentiveness) – be sincere. In terms of length, you should keep this to a page or less.

Abstract or executive summary

The dissertation abstract (or executive summary for some degrees) serves to provide the first-time reader (and marker or moderator) with a big-picture view of your research project. It should give them an understanding of the key insights and findings from the research, without them needing to read the rest of the report – in other words, it should be able to stand alone .

For it to stand alone, your abstract should cover the following key points (at a minimum):

• Your research questions and aims – what key question(s) did your research aim to answer?
• Your methodology – how did you go about investigating the topic and finding answers to your research question(s)?
• Your findings – following your own research, what did do you discover?
• Your conclusions – based on your findings, what conclusions did you draw? What answers did you find to your research question(s)?

So, in much the same way the dissertation structure mimics the research process, your abstract or executive summary should reflect the research process, from the initial stage of asking the original question to the final stage of answering that question.

In practical terms, it’s a good idea to write this section up last , once all your core chapters are complete. Otherwise, you’ll end up writing and rewriting this section multiple times (just wasting time). For a step by step guide on how to write a strong executive summary, check out this post .

Need a helping hand?

Table of contents

This section is straightforward. You’ll typically present your table of contents (TOC) first, followed by the two lists – figures and tables. I recommend that you use Microsoft Word’s automatic table of contents generator to generate your TOC. If you’re not familiar with this functionality, the video below explains it simply:

If you find that your table of contents is overly lengthy, consider removing one level of depth. Oftentimes, this can be done without detracting from the usefulness of the TOC.

Right, now that the “admin” sections are out of the way, its time to move on to your core chapters. These chapters are the heart of your dissertation and are where you’ll earn the marks. The first chapter is the introduction chapter – as you would expect, this is the time to introduce your research…

It’s important to understand that even though you’ve provided an overview of your research in your abstract, your introduction needs to be written as if the reader has not read that (remember, the abstract is essentially a standalone document). So, your introduction chapter needs to start from the very beginning, and should address the following questions:

• What will you be investigating (in plain-language, big picture-level)?
• Why is that worth investigating? How is it important to academia or business? How is it sufficiently original?
• What are your research aims and research question(s)? Note that the research questions can sometimes be presented at the end of the literature review (next chapter).
• What is the scope of your study? In other words, what will and won’t you cover ?
• How will you approach your research? In other words, what methodology will you adopt?
• How will you structure your dissertation? What are the core chapters and what will you do in each of them?

These are just the bare basic requirements for your intro chapter. Some universities will want additional bells and whistles in the intro chapter, so be sure to carefully read your brief or consult your research supervisor.

If done right, your introduction chapter will set a clear direction for the rest of your dissertation. Specifically, it will make it clear to the reader (and marker) exactly what you’ll be investigating, why that’s important, and how you’ll be going about the investigation. Conversely, if your introduction chapter leaves a first-time reader wondering what exactly you’ll be researching, you’ve still got some work to do.

Now that you’ve set a clear direction with your introduction chapter, the next step is the literature review . In this section, you will analyse the existing research (typically academic journal articles and high-quality industry publications), with a view to understanding the following questions:

• What does the literature currently say about the topic you’re investigating?
• Is the literature lacking or well established? Is it divided or in disagreement?
• How does your research fit into the bigger picture?
• How does your research contribute something original?
• How does the methodology of previous studies help you develop your own?

Depending on the nature of your study, you may also present a conceptual framework towards the end of your literature review, which you will then test in your actual research.

Again, some universities will want you to focus on some of these areas more than others, some will have additional or fewer requirements, and so on. Therefore, as always, its important to review your brief and/or discuss with your supervisor, so that you know exactly what’s expected of your literature review chapter.

Now that you’ve investigated the current state of knowledge in your literature review chapter and are familiar with the existing key theories, models and frameworks, its time to design your own research. Enter the methodology chapter – the most “science-ey” of the chapters…

In this chapter, you need to address two critical questions:

• Exactly HOW will you carry out your research (i.e. what is your intended research design)?
• Exactly WHY have you chosen to do things this way (i.e. how do you justify your design)?

Remember, the dissertation part of your degree is first and foremost about developing and demonstrating research skills . Therefore, the markers want to see that you know which methods to use, can clearly articulate why you’ve chosen then, and know how to deploy them effectively.

Importantly, this chapter requires detail – don’t hold back on the specifics. State exactly what you’ll be doing, with who, when, for how long, etc. Moreover, for every design choice you make, make sure you justify it.

In practice, you will likely end up coming back to this chapter once you’ve undertaken all your data collection and analysis, and revise it based on changes you made during the analysis phase. This is perfectly fine. Its natural for you to add an additional analysis technique, scrap an old one, etc based on where your data lead you. Of course, I’m talking about small changes here – not a fundamental switch from qualitative to quantitative, which will likely send your supervisor in a spin!

You’ve now collected your data and undertaken your analysis, whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. In this chapter, you’ll present the raw results of your analysis . For example, in the case of a quant study, you’ll present the demographic data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics , etc.

Typically, Chapter 4 is simply a presentation and description of the data, not a discussion of the meaning of the data. In other words, it’s descriptive, rather than analytical – the meaning is discussed in Chapter 5. However, some universities will want you to combine chapters 4 and 5, so that you both present and interpret the meaning of the data at the same time. Check with your institution what their preference is.

Now that you’ve presented the data analysis results, its time to interpret and analyse them. In other words, its time to discuss what they mean, especially in relation to your research question(s).

What you discuss here will depend largely on your chosen methodology. For example, if you’ve gone the quantitative route, you might discuss the relationships between variables . If you’ve gone the qualitative route, you might discuss key themes and the meanings thereof. It all depends on what your research design choices were.

Most importantly, you need to discuss your results in relation to your research questions and aims, as well as the existing literature. What do the results tell you about your research questions? Are they aligned with the existing research or at odds? If so, why might this be? Dig deep into your findings and explain what the findings suggest, in plain English.

The final chapter – you’ve made it! Now that you’ve discussed your interpretation of the results, its time to bring it back to the beginning with the conclusion chapter . In other words, its time to (attempt to) answer your original research question s (from way back in chapter 1). Clearly state what your conclusions are in terms of your research questions. This might feel a bit repetitive, as you would have touched on this in the previous chapter, but its important to bring the discussion full circle and explicitly state your answer(s) to the research question(s).

Next, you’ll typically discuss the implications of your findings . In other words, you’ve answered your research questions – but what does this mean for the real world (or even for academia)? What should now be done differently, given the new insight you’ve generated?

Lastly, you should discuss the limitations of your research, as well as what this means for future research in the area. No study is perfect, especially not a Masters-level. Discuss the shortcomings of your research. Perhaps your methodology was limited, perhaps your sample size was small or not representative, etc, etc. Don’t be afraid to critique your work – the markers want to see that you can identify the limitations of your work. This is a strength, not a weakness. Be brutal!

This marks the end of your core chapters – woohoo! From here on out, it’s pretty smooth sailing.

The reference list is straightforward. It should contain a list of all resources cited in your dissertation, in the required format, e.g. APA , Harvard, etc.

It’s essential that you use reference management software for your dissertation. Do NOT try handle your referencing manually – its far too error prone. On a reference list of multiple pages, you’re going to make mistake. To this end, I suggest considering either Mendeley or Zotero. Both are free and provide a very straightforward interface to ensure that your referencing is 100% on point. I’ve included a simple how-to video for the Mendeley software (my personal favourite) below:

Some universities may ask you to include a bibliography, as opposed to a reference list. These two things are not the same . A bibliography is similar to a reference list, except that it also includes resources which informed your thinking but were not directly cited in your dissertation. So, double-check your brief and make sure you use the right one.

The very last piece of the puzzle is the appendix or set of appendices. This is where you’ll include any supporting data and evidence. Importantly, supporting is the keyword here.

Your appendices should provide additional “nice to know”, depth-adding information, which is not critical to the core analysis. Appendices should not be used as a way to cut down word count (see this post which covers how to reduce word count ). In other words, don’t place content that is critical to the core analysis here, just to save word count. You will not earn marks on any content in the appendices, so don’t try to play the system!

Time to recap…

And there you have it – the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows:

• Acknowledgments page

Most importantly, the core chapters should reflect the research process (asking, investigating and answering your research question). Moreover, the research question(s) should form the golden thread throughout your dissertation structure. Everything should revolve around the research questions, and as you’ve seen, they should form both the start point (i.e. introduction chapter) and the endpoint (i.e. conclusion chapter).

I hope this post has provided you with clarity about the traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout. If you have any questions or comments, please leave a comment below, or feel free to get in touch with us. Also, be sure to check out the rest of the  Grad Coach Blog .

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

You Might Also Like:

36 Comments

many thanks i found it very useful

Glad to hear that, Arun. Good luck writing your dissertation.

Such clear practical logical advice. I very much needed to read this to keep me focused in stead of fretting.. Perfect now ready to start my research!

what about scientific fields like computer or engineering thesis what is the difference in the structure? thank you very much

Thanks so much this helped me a lot!

Very helpful and accessible. What I like most is how practical the advice is along with helpful tools/ links.

Thanks Ade!

Thank you so much sir.. It was really helpful..

You’re welcome!

Hi! How many words maximum should contain the abstract?

Thank you so much 😊 Find this at the right moment

You’re most welcome. Good luck with your dissertation.

best ever benefit i got on right time thank you

Many times Clarity and vision of destination of dissertation is what makes the difference between good ,average and great researchers the same way a great automobile driver is fast with clarity of address and Clear weather conditions .

I guess Great researcher = great ideas + knowledge + great and fast data collection and modeling + great writing + high clarity on all these

You have given immense clarity from start to end.

Morning. Where will I write the definitions of what I’m referring to in my report?

Thank you so much Derek, I was almost lost! Thanks a tonnnn! Have a great day!

Thanks ! so concise and valuable

This was very helpful. Clear and concise. I know exactly what to do now.

Thank you for allowing me to go through briefly. I hope to find time to continue.

Really useful to me. Thanks a thousand times

Very interesting! It will definitely set me and many more for success. highly recommended.

Thank you soo much sir, for the opportunity to express my skills

Usefull, thanks a lot. Really clear

Very nice and easy to understand. Thank you .

That was incredibly useful. Thanks Grad Coach Crew!

My stress level just dropped at least 15 points after watching this. Just starting my thesis for my grad program and I feel a lot more capable now! Thanks for such a clear and helpful video, Emma and the GradCoach team!

Do we need to mention the number of words the dissertation contains in the main document?

It depends on your university’s requirements, so it would be best to check with them 🙂

Such a helpful post to help me get started with structuring my masters dissertation, thank you!

Great video; I appreciate that helpful information

It is so necessary or avital course

This blog is very informative for my research. Thank you

Doctoral students are required to fill out the National Research Council’s Survey of Earned Doctorates

wow this is an amazing gain in my life

This is so good

How can i arrange my specific objectives in my dissertation?

Trackbacks/Pingbacks

• What Is A Literature Review (In A Dissertation Or Thesis) - Grad Coach - […] is to write the actual literature review chapter (this is usually the second chapter in a typical dissertation or…

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Print Friendly

• Langson Library
• Science Library
• Grunigen Medical Library
• Law Library
• Connect From Off-Campus
• Accessibility
• Gateway Study Center

Email this link

Thesis / dissertation formatting manual (2024).

• Filing Fees and Student Status
• Submission Process Overview
• Electronic Thesis Submission
• Paper Thesis Submission
• Formatting Overview
• Fonts/Typeface
• Pagination, Margins, Spacing
• Paper Thesis Formatting
• Preliminary Pages Overview
• Copyright Page
• Dedication Page
• Table of Contents
• List of Figures (etc.)
• Acknowledgements
• Text and References Overview
• Figures and Illustrations
• Using Your Own Previously Published Materials
• Using Copyrighted Materials by Another Author
• Open Access and Embargoes
• Copyright and Creative Commons
• Ordering Print (Bound) Copies
• Tutorials and Assistance
• FAQ This link opens in a new window

UCI Libraries maintains the following  templates to assist in formatting your graduate manuscript. If you are formatting your manuscript in Microsoft Word, feel free to download and use the template. If you would like to see what your manuscript should look like, PDFs have been provided. If you are formatting your manuscript using LaTex, UCI maintains a template on OverLeaf.

• Annotated Template (Dissertation) 2024 PDF of a template with annotations of what to look out for
• Word: Thesis Template 2024 Editable template of the Master's thesis formatting.
• PDF Thesis Template 2024
• Word: Dissertation Template 2024 Editable template of the PhD Dissertation formatting.
• PDF: Dissertation Template 2024
• Overleaf (LaTex) Template
• << Previous: Tutorials and Assistance
• Next: FAQ >>
• Last Updated: Feb 20, 2024 2:09 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.uci.edu/gradmanual

Off-campus? Please use the Software VPN and choose the group UCIFull to access licensed content. For more information, please Click here

Software VPN is not available for guests, so they may not have access to some content when connecting from off-campus.

• Study and research support
• Academic skills

Dissertation examples

Listed below are some of the best examples of research projects and dissertations from undergraduate and taught postgraduate students at the University of Leeds We have not been able to gather examples from all schools. The module requirements for research projects may have changed since these examples were written. Refer to your module guidelines to make sure that you address all of the current assessment criteria. Some of the examples below are only available to access on campus.

• Undergraduate examples
• Taught Masters examples

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Meaning of dissertation in English

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

• boilerplate
• composition
• essay question
• peer review

dissertation | American Dictionary

Examples of dissertation, translations of dissertation.

Get a quick, free translation!

Word of the Day

A scripted speech or broadcast has been written before it is read or performed.

Varied and diverse (Talking about differences, Part 1)

Learn more with +Plus

• Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}}
• Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English
• Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus
• Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation
• English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English
• English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English
• English–Dutch Dutch–English
• English–French French–English
• English–German German–English
• English–Indonesian Indonesian–English
• English–Italian Italian–English
• English–Japanese Japanese–English
• English–Norwegian Norwegian–English
• English–Polish Polish–English
• English–Portuguese Portuguese–English
• English–Spanish Spanish–English
• English–Swedish Swedish–English
• Dictionary +Plus Word Lists
• English    Noun
• American    Noun
• Translations
• All translations

To add dissertation to a word list please sign up or log in.

Add dissertation to one of your lists below, or create a new one.

{{message}}

Something went wrong.

There was a problem sending your report.

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.

The Purdue On-Campus Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab assist clients in their development as writers—no matter what their skill level—with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement. The Purdue Writing Lab serves the Purdue, West Lafayette, campus and coordinates with local literacy initiatives. The Purdue OWL offers global support through online reference materials and services.

A Message From the Assistant Director of Content Development 

The Purdue OWL® is committed to supporting  students, instructors, and writers by offering a wide range of resources that are developed and revised with them in mind. To do this, the OWL team is always exploring possibilties for a better design, allowing accessibility and user experience to guide our process. As the OWL undergoes some changes, we welcome your feedback and suggestions by email at any time.

Please don't hesitate to contact us via our contact page  if you have any questions or comments.

All the best,

Social Media

Facebook twitter.

One-Stop Solution for Custom Dissertation Writing Service

Overcome the hurdles of impending deadlines and countless revisions. Live up to academic expectations and set the benchmark with the help of the most reliable dissertation writers

9.5/10 * TrustPilot

4.8/5 * Sitejabber

4.8/5 * Reviews.io

Years on the market

Average quailty score

Returning customers

Writers active daily

Here is How We Take Our Online Dissertation Services to the Next Level

Get to know our finest approach to the dissertation writing process.

Provide an overview of the topic and explain the significance of addressing the question.

Outline the research goal and ensure the objective matches the identified problem.

Describe the research design and provide a concise overview of the data analysis plan.

Briefly explain the topic and context to help readers understand the subject.

State the problem in the existing literature and the importance of addressing this gap.

Raise concise research questions that present the goal of your research.

Rigorous search to collect relevant articles, books, and other relevant materials.

Classify the literature based on themes, concepts, or methodologies.

Analyze each selected source and discuss the implications of the literature for research.

Divide the full dissertation body into distinct chapters and outline the purpose and scope.

Methodology chapter with research design, sampling, data collection, and analysis procedure.

Present findings and discuss the implications of findings. Also, suggest areas for future research.

Provide a concise summary of the main findings from the research.

Highlight the importance of your contribution in the field context.

Offering suggestions for future research and any potential application.

Get ready to hop on a Ph.D. dissertation journey with our professional assistance.

Dissertation Writing US makes certain that your journey is executed precisely, from thorough Research to polished writing. So, trust the synergy of our cheapest dissertation writing service for quality and affordability while we make a way for your achievement.

Students are accessible to a full research package which includes a special database, advanced tools, and collaborative network.

Students can get assistance from skillful writers to improve and polish their dissertation writing process step by step, making it more refined.

The written work will be reviewed by a group of experts who will provide helpful comments and suggestions.

The pool of highly experienced, available dissertation writers for hire lets you jump into the world of originality and light the way with innovative ideas and unique perspectives.

Experience 5+ years

Experience 4 years

Experience 5 years

Emily is an expert Mathematics writer who knows how to turn complex numerical papers into understanding. For students, it’s like having a smart friend helping them understand tricky stuff. She turns every dissertation into a boost to students' marks.

Dissertations written: 66

Total pages written: 4982

Ryan is awesome at making long social sciences papers. Teachers love how he makes confusing things easy to understand. It’s like having a helpful guide that makes learning more enjoyable. He knows every step of crafting a dissertation is more valuable.

Dissertations written: 36

Total pages written: 3563

Rachel is a software engineer with expertise in every programming language. She has an outstanding knowledge of diverse and complex topics. Her knowledge of crafting dissertations goes beyond imagination, hooking readers from top to bottom.

Dissertations written: 10

Total pages written: 2567

Mark has huge geography knowledge and is great at making smart ideas easy to get. For academics, like finding a treasure of knowledge. Learning becomes a delightful experience, like listening to a fantastic intellectual song.

Dissertations written: 70

Total pages written: 8735

Law expert! Lily knows every governmental and business law, and at every moment, she delivers everything smoothly. Readers always find reading her copy interesting and attention-grabbing. From top to bottom, it keeps the attention of every reader.

Dissertations written: 8

Total pages written: 4689

Q1. What criteria should I consider when deciding what is the best dissertation writing service for my academic needs?

Q2. how can i communicate with my assigned writer in an online dissertation service, q3. how to choose the best dissertation writing service that aligns with my academic requirements, q4. can a dissertation service finish my work quickly if i'm in a hurry, q5. is an affordable dissertation paper writing service always the best option, q6. what role does your customer support play during the dissertation writing process.

These carefully curated samples serve as the embodiment of clarity.

Our dissertation writing service US combines careful attention to detail with a commitment to timely delivery, making sure that your academic path reflects excellence from start to end.

Our one-on-one approach ensures that every dissertation is uniquely written to meet the specific needs and objectives of the client.

We provide students with the highest-quality, up-to-date information and material to enrich their dissertations.

Lastly, we ensure the accuracy of work through innovative quality assurance protocols that are more than traditional editing and proofreading.

Voices of Success: Praises and Positivity From Our Value Clients

• Sutton 19 Dec 2023 The expert made my complex ideas easy to understand. Simple language and quick delivery – a perfect combo. My geographical dissertation stress melted away. Highly satisfied and grateful! Surely, I’ll come back here soon for my further dissertation task. Geographical Dissertation
• Oliver 01 Jan 2024 I had no time for writing experience, and due to the help of this website, I just cleared my programming dissertation. The writer of this platform knows the importance of quality writing. I would like to highly recommend this platform for its exceptional service. Programming Dissertation
• Smith 23 Nov 2023 I was shocked by the outstanding assistance. It seems like I could clear that dissertation in a short time. But their exceptional services made me speechless. I would highly recommend this service. And, surely, I will come back to get services again. Dissertation
• Jack 16 Oct 2023 With the help of this agency, I just managed to write an I.T dissertation. They transformed my intricate research into easy-to-understand content. Clear, concise, and efficient. A reliable service for simplifying academic challenges. I.T Dissertation
• Harper 08 Oct 2023 The dissertation writing services of this company exceeded my expectations. They skillfully simplified my research, making the complex seem straightforward—a reliable choice for anyone seeking top-notch academic assistance. Academic Dissertation
• Madison 24 Nov 2023 It was quite tough to write complex numerical physics. But, the team of dissertation.us.com efficiently translated my research into clear, concise language. Stress-free experience from start to finish. Highly recommended for academic clarity. Physics Dissertation
• Willow 05 Dec 2023 I was about to complete my petroleum dissertation, but the short deadline made it complicated for me. But with the help of this platform, I managed to write my dissertation. And eventually, I got surprising results. For their service, I would rate 10 out of 10. Petroleum Dissertation
• Margaret 28 NoV 2023 I was extremely disturbed due to having multiple works at the same time. That’s why I was seeking Mathematics dissertation help. This platform meets my expectations that’s why I would rate this platform as an exceptional writing service. Mathematics Dissertation

Expand Your Horizons to Academic Excellence with Unmatched Dissertation Writing Services

Excelling amidst the competitive world of academia, students are often tangled in the tremendous task of writing a dissertation. While cracking the dissertation code students face many hurdles including complexities in the research process, following the university handbook, and meeting tight deadlines. These difficulties in their way to crafting a compelling dissertation can cast a shadow on students longing for academic success.

Begin your journey to a comprehensive approach that’s beyond basic with our dissertation writing company. A personalized roadmap specifically designed for our potential students. Our online dissertation writer crafts well-written dissertations that are tailored to the requirements of students. For us, the academic help of students is a top priority. Therefore, we ensure thorough research and writing, precise structure, and following intact guidelines.

Keeping in mind the potential challenge of writing a dissertation, our dissertation writing service in the US raises a beacon of hope that offers significance beyond measure. Our team comprises qualified writers who understand that the twisted nature of dissertations can be overwhelming for students. For that reason, they offer expert assistance to empower students to overcome challenges. With their credible help, they turn these roadblocks into stepping stones toward their academic success.

Exploring the Depths of a Dissertation with a Detailed Approach of Our Online Dissertation Writing Service!

The dissertation document usually involves some distinct section and each section plays a crucial role in shaping the complete structure of a dissertation. Our pool of professional dissertation writers are committed to excellence. Our profound team extends to every facet while making sure that each section is carefully written to meet the highest academic standards.

Dissertation.us.com has succeeded in satiating the smooth track record of delivering the most rectified dissertation. Our experts are well known for not leaving any room for errors. From the structure process to tutors' guidelines we take all the measures to ensure guaranteed results. Be it Plagiarism or AI detection, our refined Turnitin checking criteria cover it all.

Chapter 1 –Introduction

A well-written introduction is enough to set the tone of your dissertation. Meanwhile, we start your dissertation with a captivating introduction in which we clearly define the problem statement, objectives, and significance. The introduction we craft is enough to captivate the readers from the outset.

Chapter 2 –Literature Review

The literature review holds great importance as it provides a foundation of knowledge on the topic. In the Literature Review chapter, our writers conduct a thorough exploration of the existing research. They analyze and synthesize relevant studies that showcase a comprehensive understanding of the scholarly world related to your topic.

Chapter 3 –Research Methodology

The key element of this section is precision and well-structured research-oriented approach. Meanwhile, our knowledgeable writers outline the research design, data collection method, and analysis techniques to ensure transparency and credibility in your research approach.

Chapter 4 –Discussions and Results

Presenting your research findings results in a meaningful manner is our motive. We dive deep into the data, conducting a detailed analysis that gives useful insights, supported by clear and concise presentation. Another important section is the section of discussion where we interpret the results, connect them to your research questions, and explore their broader implications. Our writers engage in critical analysis, showcasing the significance of your findings in the academic context.

Chapter 5 –Conclusion and Recommendations

At last, we end the dissertation with a powerful conclusion that appropriately summarizes the key points and focuses on the contribution of your full dissertation to the field. Our goal is to leave a lasting impression on the readers. Our dissertation experts drop remarkable recommendations to leave a lasting impression on your professor.

Outsmart the Dissertation Race with a Unique Edge and Remarkable Factors

We have designed our services to elevate your academics to an exceptional level. What sets us apart is our exceptionalism which gives you a unique edge in your academic pursuits. Our team possesses expert dissertation writers for hire who bring a wealth of experience to the table. They understand the complexities of advanced research and are devoted to guiding you through the intricacies of your written work.

Meanwhile, every student has a different journey and so do their dissertation requirements. We offer a personalized approach and have customized our services in a way that matches your unique needs and research goals. Also, we never compromise on quality and take careful quality control measures to ensure that every aspect of your Ph.D. dissertation meets the highest standards. From research depth to presentation, we leave no room for mistakes.

Excellence on a Dime: Unlock Academic Achievement with Cheapest Dissertation Writing Services

Want to hire a dissertation writer without making a hole in your pocket? End your search right here. Our writer's commitment to academic brilliance is more than just offering you top-notch dissertations at the most reasonable rates. Here is how you can get the best dissertation without compromising your budget:

Competitive Costing:

We understand the financial constraints students often face. Our service offers competitive pricing, ensuring you receive matchless quality without draining your resources.

Customized Dissertation:

You can tailor your dissertation package to suit your budget and needs. Our customizable options allow you to select services that align with your financial parameters while maintaining exceptional quality.

Discounts and Promotions:

Students can take advantage of our periodic discounts and promotions. The dissertation writer in our team believes in making excellence accessible, and our special offers provide opportunities for cost-effective access to top-tier dissertation services.

Transparent Pricing Structure:

We charge no hidden fees. Our transparent structure ensures that you know exactly what you're paying for, encouraging trust and confidence in our commitment to affordability.

Value for Money:

We deliver value for your investment. Our goal is to provide you with the best dissertation services that not only meet but exceed your expectations.

At our platform dissertation writing services US, we believe in simplifying access to academic excellence. You can follow these steps to secure the best dissertation at the lowest cost, making your academic journey both enriching and budget-friendly.

Decoding the Process of Dissertation Writing Step-by-Step

Every dissertation requires a proper structure. To craft a brilliant dissertation it's crucial to follow the never-ending university manual which is a daunting task. To make the whole dissertation writing even more tedious tutors' guidelines play their part. Nevertheless, writing a dissertation from scratch requires a lot of dedication and effort. Handing over your dissertation to the safe hands of our experts can save your grades and time effortlessly.

Dissertationwriting.us.com utterly endorsed the significance of timely completion and submission of a dissertation. Our services are geared towards ensuring that your Ph.D. dissertation is delivered promptly, allowing you to stay on track with your academic schedule. Whatever question or concern you come up with, our support team has a solution for you. We believe in providing prompt support, making sure you feel confident and informed throughout your journey.

• Seasoned writers with vast research experience.
• Tailoring services to your unique needs.
• Rigorous measures during editing and proofreading.
• Ensuring on-time delivery for academic schedules.
• Round-the-clock assistance for confidence and clarity.

So, wait no more and approach our top-tier writers to Write My Dissertation for an unparalleled experience. With these remarkable factors in our service, we set you on a path to academic success that truly stands out.

Fleet of Experienced Writers Crafting Dissertation with Expertise, Precision, and Unwavering Support

During the whole journey, our experienced writers provide expert guidance, ensuring each section reflects academic accuracy, clarity, and originality. With a focus on thorough research, precise formatting, and adherence to guidelines, our approach is tailored to elevate every section of your dissertation, creating a document that stands as a testament to your academic prowess. Our service stands out for its commitment to quality, meeting deadlines, and providing continuous support.

Our user-friendly approach gives you the flexibility to communicate with your assigned writer, making the entire process seamless. Keep your trust in us to navigate the complexities of dissertation writing, guiding you toward remarkable academic achievement. Your success story begins with our dedicated Dissertation Writing Services – the key to unlocking your potential. Further, you can also get the support you need with our dissertation editing help to refine your work and ensure it meets the highest standards.

From concept to compilation –here you will find the answers to all your dissertation concerns. Our high retention rate and satisfied clientele speak for our incredible dissertation help. Here is more:

• Our experts follow a step-by-step guide to ensure accuracy.
• We meet high standards and guidelines within the promised timeline.
• Our dissertation team offers editing help to assist you when you decide to attempt your dissertation on your own.

Your Trustworthy Partner for Expert Guidance and Custom Dissertation Writing Services

We take pride in being your trustable partner, offering expert guidance and delivering exceptional dissertation writing services.

Inclusive Pricing Model

Research Excellence

Citation Assistance

Client Satisfaction

Expert Consultation

Iterative Refinement

What’s the Longest Word in English?

By erin mccarthy | may 13, 2024.

Forget antidisestablishmentarianism : If you can find a way to work pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis into a conversation, congratulations! You’ve just managed to use the longest defined word you’ll find in any dictionary in everyday chatter. But also: We hope you’re feeling OK, as the 45-letter word is a disease that causes an inflammation of the lungs due to the inhalation of very fine silicate or quartz dust.

At least, that’s what it’s supposed to mean. The word was coined in the 1930s, probably by the president of the National Puzzlers’ League, “in imitation of polysyllabic medical terms,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary, “but occurring only as an instance of a very long word.” In other words, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis was a word created simply to be long.

That’s not as unusual as it might sound: Another pretty long word, floccinaucinihilipilification— meaning “the action or habit of estimating as worthless”—was created by mashing together four words in a Latin grammar book that all meant something with little value and adding -fication at the end. Compounding like that gives languages around the world many famously long words; it’s how Germans wound up with Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz , a 63-letter word that translates to “the law for the delegation of monitoring beef labeling” and was removed from law books in the country in 2013.

(Quick aside: While German is particularly famous for making long compound words, it’s a common feature of Germanic languages, including English. The key difference is that English often—but not always—uses spaces or hyphens when writing out especially long compounds. How much that space matters is perhaps debatable , but according to the Oxford Companion to the English Language , these compounds are, in theory, “indefinitely extensible.” They give Coventry car factory strike committee policy decision as an example, which is a paraphrase of “‘decision about policy made by a committee dealing with strikes in a factory that makes cars in Coventry.’” They note that, “In English, such expressions are not usually written as one word, as in German. Both languages, however, exploit very fully their capacity to form compounds and other multiple word groups.”)

There are even longer words than pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis out there—you just won’t necessarily find them in a dictionary. According to Guinness, Nirantarāndhakāritā … lokān , “a compound ‘word’ of 195 Sanskrit characters (transliterating to 428 letters in the Roman alphabet),” is the longest word in the world; it translates to:

“In it, the distress, caused by thirst, to travelers was alleviated by clusters of rays of the bright eyes of the girls; the rays that were shaming the currents of light, sweet and cold water charged with the strong fragrance of cardamom, clove, saffron, camphor and musk and flowing out of the pitchers (held in) the lotus-like hands of maidens (seated in) the beautiful water-sheds, made of the thick roots of mixed with marjoram, (and built near) the foot, covered with heaps of couch-like soft sand, of the clusters of newly sprouting mango trees, which constantly darkened the intermediate space of the quarters, and which looked all the more charming on account of the trickling drops of the floral juice, which thus caused the delusion of a row of thick rainy clouds, densely filled with abundant nectar.”

And if you want to use the full name of a protein also called “titin,” you’ll need to set aside a serious chunk of time: Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginyl ... isoleucine stretches out to a whopping 189,819 letters and takes more than three hours to say. Other words, like the name of a single molecule of DNA, could eventually be rendered with well over a billion letters.

But according to Oxford Dictionaries, words like these are “regarded as chemical names rather than genuine words in the sense of meaningful items of vocabulary. The same is true of the formal names of chemical compounds. These can be almost unlimited in length … and many contain numerals, Roman and Greek letters, and other symbols, as well as ordinary letters. We don't tend to regard these terms as proper ‘words’”—and that’s why you won’t find them in any dictionary.

Read More Articles About Language:

Word of the Day

What it means.

Torrid can be used to describe something that is literally hot (such as a region near the Earth’s equator) or figuratively hot (such as a romance).

// The tabloids were relentless in covering every minor detail of the celebrity couple’s torrid affair.

See the entry >

torrid in Context

“Chinese cities such as Chongqing, a southwestern metropolis known for its torrid summers, have for years used their air raid tunnels as public cooling centers.” — The Associated Press , 7 July 2023

Build your vocabulary! Get Word of the Day in your inbox every day.

Face your fears.

• Arachnophobia is the fear of what multi-legged creatures?
• Octopuses Centipedes
• Ants Spiders

Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way.

You can make only 12 words. Pick the best ones!

Did You Know?

Hot , steamy , sultry : English is full of words that do double-duty in describing thirst traps both literal (as in the tropics ) and figurative (as in, well, thirst traps ). Torrid comes from the Latin verb torrēre , which means “to burn” or “to parch” and is an ancestor of our word toast . (Despite its dry implications, torrēre is also an ancestor of torrent , as in “a torrent of rain.”) Torrid first appeared in English in the 16th century and was originally used to describe something burned or scorched by exposure to the sun, but it has since taken on an extended meaning similar to the “sexy” sense of hot : “showing fiery passion,” as in “torrid love letters” or “a torrid affair.”

Test Your Vocabulary with M-W Quizzes

Name That Bird Quiz

Famous Novels, First Lines Quiz

13-Letter Word Quiz

What Did You Just Call Me?

Guess the Curious Origins of These Everyday Words

Name That Flower

Name That Synonym

Rearrange the letters to form an adjective that means “characterized by warmth of feeling typically expressed in eager zealous support or activity”: DRETNA

More Words of the Day

Can you solve 4 words at once?

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Games & Quizzes

Start each day with the Word of the Day in your inbox!

• By clicking "Sign Up", you are accepting Dictionary.com Terms & Conditions and Privacy policies.
• Name This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Word of the Day

Word of the day.

to carry on intensive and thorough research for data, information, or the like; investigate .

Why Dictionary.com chose delve

More about delve.

• First recorded before 900.
• Comes via the Middle English word delven from  Old English delfan .
• Has an archaic sense of “to dig.”

EXAMPLES OF DELVE

• The author’s new book will delve into the complexities of human emotions and relationships.
• The detective decided to delve deeper into the mysterious disappearance of the valuable painting.

tending to promote peace or reconciliation; peaceful or conciliatory.

Why Dictionary.com chose irenic

More about irenic.

• First recorded in 1860–65.
• Comes from the Greek word eirēnikós , equivalent to eirḗn ( ē ), “peace.”
• Related to the name “Irene.”

EXAMPLES OF IRENIC

• As tensions rose between the feuding families, they longed for an irenic resolution to their dispute.
• Her irenic approach to conflict resolution often diffused tense situations in the office.

one of a number of portions or divisions likened to layers or levels .

Why Dictionary.com chose stratum

More about stratum.

• First recorded 1590–1600.
• Comes from the Latin word strātum , which means literally “a cover.”
• Strātum comes from the past participle of sternere , “to spread, strew.”

EXAMPLES OF STRATUM

• The novel delves into the protagonist’s psyche, uncovering hidden strata of emotions and motivations.
• The artist’s work often explores the complexities of human existence by depicting different strata of society in her paintings.

Get A Vocabulary Boost In Your Inbox

• By clicking "I'M IN", you are accepting Dictionary.com Terms & Conditions and Privacy policies.
• May 10, 2024 mid
• May 09, 2024 self-effacing
• May 08, 2024 gambol
• May 07, 2024 tutelage
• May 06, 2024 piscine
• May 05, 2024 clamor
• May 04, 2024 dendroglyph
• May 03, 2024 skiplagging
• May 02, 2024 preponderant

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, automatically generate references for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Dissertation
• How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Conclusion

How to Write a Dissertation Conclusion | Checklist and Examples

Published on 9 September 2022 by Tegan George and Shona McCombes. Revised on 10 October 2022.

The conclusion is the very last part of your thesis or dissertation . It should be concise and engaging, leaving your reader with a clear understanding of your main findings, as well as the answer to your research question .

In it, you should:

• Clearly state the answer to your main research question
• Summarise and reflect on your research process
• Make recommendations for future work on your topic
• Show what new knowledge you have contributed to your field
• Wrap up your thesis or dissertation

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Be assured that you'll submit flawless writing. Upload your document to correct all your mistakes.

Table of contents

Discussion vs. conclusion, how long should your conclusion be, step 1: answer your research question, step 2: summarise and reflect on your research, step 3: make future recommendations, step 4: emphasise your contributions to your field, step 5: wrap up your thesis or dissertation, full conclusion example, conclusion checklist, frequently asked questions about conclusion sections.

While your conclusion contains similar elements to your discussion section , they are not the same thing.

Your conclusion should be shorter and more general than your discussion. Instead of repeating literature from your literature review , discussing specific research results , or interpreting your data in detail, concentrate on making broad statements that sum up the most important insights of your research.

As a rule of thumb, your conclusion should not introduce new data, interpretations, or arguments.

The only proofreading tool specialized in correcting academic writing

The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts and by native English editors. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students.

Correct my document today

Depending on whether you are writing a thesis or dissertation, your length will vary. Generally, a conclusion should make up around 5–7% of your overall word count.

An empirical scientific study will often have a short conclusion, concisely stating the main findings and recommendations for future research. A humanities topic or systematic review , on the other hand, might require more space to conclude its analysis, tying all the previous sections together in an overall argument.

Your conclusion should begin with the main question that your thesis or dissertation aimed to address. This is your final chance to show that you’ve done what you set out to do, so make sure to formulate a clear, concise answer.

• Don’t repeat a list of all the results that you already discussed
• Do synthesise them into a final takeaway that the reader will remember.

An empirical thesis or dissertation conclusion may begin like this:

A case study –based thesis or dissertation conclusion may begin like this:

In the second example, the research aim is not directly restated, but rather added implicitly to the statement. To avoid repeating yourself, it is helpful to reformulate your aims and questions into an overall statement of what you did and how you did it.

Your conclusion is an opportunity to remind your reader why you took the approach you did, what you expected to find, and how well the results matched your expectations.

To avoid repetition , consider writing more reflectively here, rather than just writing a summary of each preceding section. Consider mentioning the effectiveness of your methodology , or perhaps any new questions or unexpected insights that arose in the process.

You can also mention any limitations of your research, but only if you haven’t already included these in the discussion. Don’t dwell on them at length, though – focus on the positives of your work.

• While x limits the generalisability of the results, this approach provides new insight into y .
• This research clearly illustrates x , but it also raises the question of y .

Prevent plagiarism, run a free check.

You may already have made a few recommendations for future research in your discussion section, but the conclusion is a good place to elaborate and look ahead, considering the implications of your findings in both theoretical and practical terms.

• Based on these conclusions, practitioners should consider …
• To better understand the implications of these results, future studies could address …
• Further research is needed to determine the causes of/effects of/relationship between …

When making recommendations for further research, be sure not to undermine your own work. Relatedly, while future studies might confirm, build on, or enrich your conclusions, they shouldn’t be required for your argument to feel complete. Your work should stand alone on its own merits.

Just as you should avoid too much self-criticism, you should also avoid exaggerating the applicability of your research. If you’re making recommendations for policy, business, or other practical implementations, it’s generally best to frame them as ‘shoulds’ rather than ‘musts’. All in all, the purpose of academic research is to inform, explain, and explore – not to demand.

Make sure your reader is left with a strong impression of what your research has contributed to the state of your field.

Some strategies to achieve this include:

• Returning to your problem statement to explain how your research helps solve the problem
• Referring back to the literature review and showing how you have addressed a gap in knowledge
• Discussing how your findings confirm or challenge an existing theory or assumption

Again, avoid simply repeating what you’ve already covered in the discussion in your conclusion. Instead, pick out the most important points and sum them up succinctly, situating your project in a broader context.

The end is near! Once you’ve finished writing your conclusion, it’s time to wrap up your thesis or dissertation with a few final steps:

• It’s a good idea to write your abstract next, while the research is still fresh in your mind.
• Next, make sure your reference list is complete and correctly formatted. To speed up the process, you can use our free APA citation generator .
• Once you’ve added any appendices , you can create a table of contents and title page .
• Finally, read through the whole document again to make sure your thesis is clearly written and free from language errors. You can proofread it yourself , ask a friend, or consider Scribbr’s proofreading and editing service .

Here is an example of how you can write your conclusion section. Notice how it includes everything mentioned above:

V. Conclusion

The current research aimed to identify acoustic speech characteristics which mark the beginning of an exacerbation in COPD patients.

The central questions for this research were as follows: 1. Which acoustic measures extracted from read speech differ between COPD speakers in stable condition and healthy speakers? 2. In what ways does the speech of COPD patients during an exacerbation differ from speech of COPD patients during stable periods?

All recordings were aligned using a script. Subsequently, they were manually annotated to indicate respiratory actions such as inhaling and exhaling. The recordings of 9 stable COPD patients reading aloud were then compared with the recordings of 5 healthy control subjects reading aloud. The results showed a significant effect of condition on the number of in- and exhalations per syllable, the number of non-linguistic in- and exhalations per syllable, and the ratio of voiced and silence intervals. The number of in- and exhalations per syllable and the number of non-linguistic in- and exhalations per syllable were higher for COPD patients than for healthy controls, which confirmed both hypotheses.

However, the higher ratio of voiced and silence intervals for COPD patients compared to healthy controls was not in line with the hypotheses. This unpredicted result might have been caused by the different reading materials or recording procedures for both groups, or by a difference in reading skills. Moreover, there was a trend regarding the effect of condition on the number of syllables per breath group. The number of syllables per breath group was higher for healthy controls than for COPD patients, which was in line with the hypothesis. There was no effect of condition on pitch, intensity, center of gravity, pitch variability, speaking rate, or articulation rate.

This research has shown that the speech of COPD patients in exacerbation differs from the speech of COPD patients in stable condition. This might have potential for the detection of exacerbations. However, sustained vowels rarely occur in spontaneous speech. Therefore, the last two outcome measures might have greater potential for the detection of beginning exacerbations, but further research on the different outcome measures and their potential for the detection of exacerbations is needed due to the limitations of the current study.

Checklist: Conclusion

I have clearly and concisely answered the main research question .

I have summarized my overall argument or key takeaways.

I have mentioned any important limitations of the research.

I have given relevant recommendations .

I have clearly explained what my research has contributed to my field.

I have  not introduced any new data or arguments.

You've written a great conclusion! Use the other checklists to further improve your dissertation.

In a thesis or dissertation, the discussion is an in-depth exploration of the results, going into detail about the meaning of your findings and citing relevant sources to put them in context.

The conclusion is more shorter and more general: it concisely answers your main research question and makes recommendations based on your overall findings.

While it may be tempting to present new arguments or evidence in your thesis or disseration conclusion , especially if you have a particularly striking argument you’d like to finish your analysis with, you shouldn’t. Theses and dissertations follow a more formal structure than this.

All your findings and arguments should be presented in the body of the text (more specifically in the discussion section and results section .) The conclusion is meant to summarize and reflect on the evidence and arguments you have already presented, not introduce new ones.

For a stronger dissertation conclusion , avoid including:

• Generic concluding phrases (e.g. “In conclusion…”)
• Weak statements that undermine your argument (e.g. “There are good points on both sides of this issue.”)

Your conclusion should leave the reader with a strong, decisive impression of your work.

The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5-7% of your overall word count.

The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation should include the following:

• A restatement of your research question
• A summary of your key arguments and/or results
• A short discussion of the implications of your research

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

George, T. & McCombes, S. (2022, October 10). How to Write a Dissertation Conclusion | Checklist and Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 14 May 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/conclusion/

Is this article helpful?

Tegan George

Other students also liked, how to write a thesis or dissertation introduction, how to write a discussion section | tips & examples, how to write an abstract | steps & examples.

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

Today’s Wordle Review No. 1,059

Scroll down to reveal letters from today’s word, or head to the comments for community hints and conversation.

By New York Times Games

Welcome to The Wordle Review. Be warned: This page contains spoilers for today’s puzzle. Solve Wordle first , or scroll at your own risk.

Note the date before you comment. To avoid spoiling the game for others, make sure you are posting a comment about Wordle 1,059.

Need a hint?

Give me a consonant

Give me a vowel

Open the comments section for more hints, scores, and conversation from the Wordle community.

Today’s Difficulty

The difficulty of each puzzle is determined by averaging the number of guesses provided by a small panel of testers who are paid to solve each puzzle in advance to help us catch any issues and inconsistencies.

Today’s average difficulty is 4.4 guesses out of 6, or moderately challenging.

For more in-depth analysis, visit our friend, WordleBot .

Today’s Word

Click to reveal

Today’s word is CUMIN , a noun. According to Webster’s New World College Dictionary, it refers to a flowering herb used as seasoning.

Our Featured Artist

Julien Posture is an illustrator and researcher who creates images about society and writes about the social life of images. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in anthropology at Cambridge, studying the ways humans and machines see images, specifically illustrations.

Further Reading

See the archive for past and future posts.

If you solved for a word different from what was featured today, please refresh your page .

Join the conversation on social media! Use the hashtag #wordlereview to chat with other solvers.

Leave any thoughts you have in the comments! Please follow community guidelines:

Be kind. Comments are moderated for civility.

Having a technical issue? Use the help button in the settings menu of the Games app.

See the Wordle Glossary for information on how to talk about Wordle.

Want to talk about Spelling Bee? Check out our Spelling Bee Forum .

Want to talk about Connections? Check out our Connections Companion .

Trying to go back to the puzzle ?

It’s Game Time!

Take your puzzling skills in new directions..

WordleBot , our daily Wordle companion that tells you how skillful or lucky you are, is getting an upgrade. Here’s what to know .

The editor of Connections , our new game about finding common threads between words, talks about how she makes this daily puzzle feel fun .

We asked some of the best Sudoku  solvers in the world for their tips and tricks. Try them to  tackle even the most challenging puzzles.

Read today’s Wordle Review , and get insights on the game from our columnists.

We asked Times readers how they play Spelling Bee. The hive mind weighed in with their favorite tips and tricks .

Ready to play? Try Wordle , Spelling Bee  or The Crossword .