and presentation meaning

• More from M-W
• To save this word, you'll need to log in. Log In

presentation

Definition of presentation

• fairing [ British ]
• freebee
• largess

Examples of presentation in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'presentation.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Phrases Containing presentation

• breech presentation

Dictionary Entries Near presentation

present arms

presentation copy

Cite this Entry

“Presentation.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/presentation. Accessed 21 Jun. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of presentation, medical definition, medical definition of presentation, more from merriam-webster on presentation.

Nglish: Translation of presentation for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of presentation for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about presentation

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Can you solve 4 words at once?

Word of the day.

See Definitions and Examples »

Get Word of the Day daily email!

Popular in Grammar & Usage

Plural and possessive names: a guide, more commonly misspelled words, your vs. you're: how to use them correctly, every letter is silent, sometimes: a-z list of examples, more commonly mispronounced words, popular in wordplay, 8 words for lesser-known musical instruments, birds say the darndest things, 10 words from taylor swift songs (merriam's version), 10 scrabble words without any vowels, 12 more bird names that sound like insults (and sometimes are), games & quizzes.

• Daily Crossword
• Word Puzzle
• Word Finder
• Word of the Day
• Synonym of the Day
• Word of the Year
• Language stories
• All featured
• Gender and sexuality
• All pop culture
• Writing hub
• Grammar essentials
• Commonly confused
• All writing tips
• Pop culture
• Writing tips

Advertisement

presentation

[ prez- uh n- tey -sh uh n , pree-zen- ]

• an act of presenting.
• the state of being presented.
• a social introduction, as of a person at court.
• an exhibition or performance, as of a play or film.
• offering, delivering, or bestowal, as of a gift.
• a demonstration, lecture, or welcoming speech.

His presentation was very poor.

• Commerce. the presentment of a bill, note, or the like.
• the position of the fetus in the uterus during labor.

a breech presentation.

• Ecclesiastical. the act or the right of presenting a member of the clergy to the bishop for institution to a benefice.

/ ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən /

• the act of presenting or state of being presented

the presentation of the project is excellent but the content poor

his presentation of the facts was muddled

a presentation on the company results

• an offering or bestowal, as of a gift

a presentation copy of a book

• a performance or representation, as of a play
• the formal introduction of a person, as into society or at court; debut
• the act or right of nominating a clergyman to a benefice
• med the position of a baby relative to the birth canal at the time of birth
• commerce another word for presentment
• television linking material between programmes, such as announcements, trailers, or weather reports
• an archaic word for gift
• philosophy a sense datum
• often capital another name for (feast of) Candlemas

Discover More

Derived forms.

• ˌpresenˈtational , adjective

Other Words From

• nonpres·en·tation noun
• self-presen·tation noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of presentation 1

Example Sentences

Look no further than those execs who have sat through online presentations outlining a more inclusive workplace only to have to go back to working in teams where they’re made to feel different.

The day of the presentation comes, and the ecommerce team gathers around, continuously nodding along with each slide.

In the questions-and-answer presentation on Wednesday, Palantir did not address the issue of voting power.

For repurposing, you can use four different formats, which are – video series, infographics, podcasts, and presentations.

This presentation will explain the ins and outs of the process as well as the need for older children who are looking for a home as well.

We were scoring it like the Olympics: presentation, technique.

Bogucki includes the leaflet in a Powerpoint presentation he has developed.

Her biggest surprise, she said, was realizing how much presentation and technical points mattered.

That may be partially because The Big Lebowski is their most nihilistic presentation.

One of the hottest tickets at the 2014 edition of Comic-Con, the annual nerd mecca in San Diego, was the Marvel presentation.

You were obliging enough to ask me to accept a presentation copy of your verses.

Nor was ever a better presentation made of the essential program of socialism.

After the presentation of the Great Southern case our Bill was heard and all the opposition.

The presentation of the Railway case and the rebutting evidence did not begin till all the public witnesses had been heard.

Furthermore, a note is payable on demand when it is thus stated, or is payable at sight or on presentation.

Related Words

• demonstration
• introduction

• PRESENTATION SKILLS

What is a Presentation?

Search SkillsYouNeed:

Presentation Skills:

• A - Z List of Presentation Skills
• Top Tips for Effective Presentations
• General Presentation Skills
• Preparing for a Presentation
• Organising the Material
• Writing Your Presentation
• Deciding the Presentation Method
• Managing your Presentation Notes
• Working with Visual Aids
• Presenting Data
• Managing the Event
• Coping with Presentation Nerves
• Dealing with Questions
• How to Build Presentations Like a Consultant
• 7 Qualities of Good Speakers That Can Help You Be More Successful
• Self-Presentation in Presentations
• Specific Presentation Events
• Remote Meetings and Presentations
• Giving a Speech
• Presentations in Interviews
• Presenting to Large Groups and Conferences
• Giving Lectures and Seminars
• Managing a Press Conference
• Attending Public Consultation Meetings
• Managing a Public Consultation Meeting
• Crisis Communications
• Elsewhere on Skills You Need:
• Communication Skills
• Facilitation Skills
• Teams, Groups and Meetings
• Effective Speaking
• Question Types

Subscribe to our FREE newsletter and start improving your life in just 5 minutes a day.

You'll get our 5 free 'One Minute Life Skills' and our weekly newsletter.

We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time.

The formal presentation of information is divided into two broad categories: Presentation Skills and Personal Presentation .

These two aspects are interwoven and can be described as the preparation, presentation and practice of verbal and non-verbal communication. 

This article describes what a presentation is and defines some of the key terms associated with presentation skills.

Many people feel terrified when asked to make their first public talk.  Some of these initial fears can be reduced by good preparation that also lays the groundwork for making an effective presentation.

A Presentation Is...

A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.

A presentation can also be used as a broad term that encompasses other ‘speaking engagements’ such as making a speech at a wedding, or getting a point across in a video conference.

To be effective, step-by-step preparation and the method and means of presenting the information should be carefully considered. 

A presentation requires you to get a message across to the listeners and will often contain a ' persuasive ' element. It may, for example, be a talk about the positive work of your organisation, what you could offer an employer, or why you should receive additional funding for a project.

The Key Elements of a Presentation

Making a presentation is a way of communicating your thoughts and ideas to an audience and many of our articles on communication are also relevant here, see: What is Communication? for more.

Consider the following key components of a presentation:

Ask yourself the following questions to develop a full understanding of the context of the presentation.

When and where will you deliver your presentation?

There is a world of difference between a small room with natural light and an informal setting, and a huge lecture room, lit with stage lights. The two require quite different presentations, and different techniques.

Will it be in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new?

If somewhere new, it would be worth trying to visit it in advance, or at least arriving early, to familiarise yourself with the room.

Will the presentation be within a formal or less formal setting?

A work setting will, more or less by definition, be more formal, but there are also various degrees of formality within that.

Will the presentation be to a small group or a large crowd?

Are you already familiar with the audience?

With a new audience, you will have to build rapport quickly and effectively, to get them on your side.

What equipment and technology will be available to you, and what will you be expected to use?

In particular, you will need to ask about microphones and whether you will be expected to stand in one place, or move around.

What is the audience expecting to learn from you and your presentation?

Check how you will be ‘billed’ to give you clues as to what information needs to be included in your presentation.

All these aspects will change the presentation. For more on this, see our page on Deciding the Presentation Method .

The role of the presenter is to communicate with the audience and control the presentation.

Remember, though, that this may also include handing over the control to your audience, especially if you want some kind of interaction.

You may wish to have a look at our page on Facilitation Skills for more.

The audience receives the presenter’s message(s).

However, this reception will be filtered through and affected by such things as the listener’s own experience, knowledge and personal sense of values.

See our page: Barriers to Effective Communication to learn why communication can fail.

The message or messages are delivered by the presenter to the audience.

The message is delivered not just by the spoken word ( verbal communication ) but can be augmented by techniques such as voice projection, body language, gestures, eye contact ( non-verbal communication ), and visual aids.

The message will also be affected by the audience’s expectations. For example, if you have been billed as speaking on one particular topic, and you choose to speak on another, the audience is unlikely to take your message on board even if you present very well . They will judge your presentation a failure, because you have not met their expectations.

The audience’s reaction and therefore the success of the presentation will largely depend upon whether you, as presenter, effectively communicated your message, and whether it met their expectations.

As a presenter, you don’t control the audience’s expectations. What you can do is find out what they have been told about you by the conference organisers, and what they are expecting to hear. Only if you know that can you be confident of delivering something that will meet expectations.

See our page: Effective Speaking for more information.

How will the presentation be delivered?

Presentations are usually delivered direct to an audience.  However, there may be occasions where they are delivered from a distance over the Internet using video conferencing systems, such as Skype.

It is also important to remember that if your talk is recorded and posted on the internet, then people may be able to access it for several years. This will mean that your contemporaneous references should be kept to a minimum.

Impediments

Many factors can influence the effectiveness of how your message is communicated to the audience.

For example background noise or other distractions, an overly warm or cool room, or the time of day and state of audience alertness can all influence your audience’s level of concentration.

As presenter, you have to be prepared to cope with any such problems and try to keep your audience focussed on your message.   

Our page: Barriers to Communication explains these factors in more depth.

Continue to read through our Presentation Skills articles for an overview of how to prepare and structure a presentation, and how to manage notes and/or illustrations at any speaking event.

Continue to: Preparing for a Presentation Deciding the Presentation Method

See also: Writing Your Presentation | Working with Visual Aids Coping with Presentation Nerves | Dealing with Questions Learn Better Presentation Skills with TED Talks

• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

Business Jargons

A Business Encyclopedia

Presentation

Definition : A presentation is a form of communication in which the speaker conveys information to the audience. In an organization presentations are used in various scenarios like talking to a group, addressing a meeting, demonstrating or introducing a new product, or briefing a team. It involves presenting a particular subject or issue or new ideas/thoughts to a group of people.

It is considered as the most effective form of communication because of two main reasons:

• Use of non-verbal cues.
• Facilitates instant feedback.

Business Presentations are a tool to influence people toward an intended thought or action.

Parts of Presentation

• Introduction : It is meant to make the listeners ready to receive the message and draw their interest. For that, the speaker can narrate some story or a humorous piece of joke, an interesting fact, a question, stating a problem, and so forth. They can also use some surprising statistics.
• Body : It is the essence of the presentation. It requires the sequencing of facts in a logical order. This is the part where the speaker explains the topic and relevant information. It has to be critically arranged, as the audience must be able to grasp what the speaker presents.
• Conclusion : It needs to be short and precise. It should sum up or outline the key points that you have presented. It could also contain what the audience should have gained out of the presentation.

Purpose of Presentation

• To inform : Organizations can use presentations to inform the audience about new schemes, products or proposals. The aim is to inform the new entrant about the policies and procedures of the organization.
• To persuade : Presentations are also given to persuade the audience to take the intended action.
• To build goodwill : They can also help in building a good reputation

Factors Affecting Presentation

Audience Analysis

Communication environment, personal appearance, use of visuals, opening and closing presentation, organization of presentation, language and words, voice quality, body language, answering questions, a word from business jargons.

Presentation is a mode of conveying information to a selected group of people live. An ideal presentation is one that identifies and matches the needs, interests and understanding level of the audience. It also represents the facts, and figures in the form of tables, charts, and graphs and uses multiple colours.

Related terms:

• Verbal Communication
• Visual Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Communication
• 7 C’s of Communication

Reader Interactions

Abbas khan says

October 2, 2022 at 11:33 pm

Thank you so much for providing us with brief info related to the presentation.

Farhan says

February 23, 2023 at 9:45 am

yusra shah says

July 3, 2023 at 2:04 am

it was helpful👍

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Look up a word, learn it forever.

Presentation, /prɛzənˈteɪʃɪn/, /prezənˈteɪʃən/.

Other forms: presentations

The noun presentation means the official giving, or presenting, of something. The presentation of diplomas at a graduation ceremony is the part that makes many of the parents in the audience cry.

A presentation can be a ceremony of giving some gift or award, and it can also be a demonstration or show — like a dog training presentation at your local pet store. Another meaning of presentation is a style of displaying something — like the presentation of plants and flowers in the florist's window or the presentation of food on a buffet table. In the 1600s, presentation was commonly used to mean "show or play," as in "a theatrical presentation ."

• noun the activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward) “she gave the trophy but he made the presentation ” see more see less type of: ceremony the proper or conventional behavior on some solemn occasion
• noun the act of presenting a proposal see more see less types: first reading the first presentation of a bill in a legislature second reading the second presentation of a bill in a legislature; to approve its general principles (Britain) or to discuss a committee's report and take a vote (US) type of: proposal , proposition the act of making a proposal
• noun the act of making something publicly available; presenting news or other information by broadcasting or printing it “he prepared his presentation carefully in advance” see more see less types: unveiling putting on display for the first time production a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television staging , theatrical production the production of a drama on the stage type of: display exhibiting openly in public view
• noun formally making a person known to another or to the public synonyms: intro , introduction see more see less types: debut the presentation of a debutante in society reintroduction an act of renewed introduction type of: informing , making known a speech act that conveys information
• noun a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view “the presentation of new data” synonyms: demonstration , presentment see more see less types: show 19 types... hide 19 types... exhibition the act of exhibiting exposure presentation to view in an open or public manner performance the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment lecture demonstration presentation of an example of what the lecturer is discoursing about counterdemonstration a demonstration held in opposition to another demonstration dramatic performance , dramatic production the act of performing a drama encore an extra or repeated performance; usually given in response to audience demand extemporisation , extemporization , improvisation a performance given extempore without planning or preparation juggle , juggling throwing and catching several objects simultaneously conjuration , conjuring trick , deception , illusion , legerdemain , magic , magic trick , thaumaturgy , trick an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers musical performance the act of performing music one-night stand a performance in one place on one night only interpretation , rendering , rendition the act of interpreting something as expressed in an artistic performance last hurrah , swan song a final performance or effort (especially before retirement) debunking , repudiation the exposure of falseness or pretensions production (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law rodeo an exhibition of cowboy skills program , programme a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation reprise the act of performing a role again type of: show the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining
• noun a visual representation of something synonyms: display see more see less types: show 5 types... hide 5 types... float an elaborate display mounted on a platform carried by a truck (or pulled by a truck) in a procession or parade Snellen chart display consisting of a printed card with letters and numbers in lines of decreasing size; used to test visual acuity spectacle an elaborate and remarkable display on a lavish scale bullfight , corrida a Spanish or Portuguese or Latin American spectacle; a matador baits and (usually) kills a bull in an arena before many spectators naumachia , naumachy a naval spectacle; a mock sea battle put on by the ancient Romans type of: representation a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something
• noun (obstetrics) position of the fetus in the uterus relative to the birth canal “Cesarean sections are sometimes the result of abnormal presentations ” see more see less type of: attitude , position , posture the arrangement of the body and its limbs

Vocabulary lists containing presentation

To improve your fluency in English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR), learn this academic vocabulary list that includes words selected from the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) state standards.

Vocabulary is key to performing well on Common Core-aligned tests for English Language Arts as well as for building literacy in social studies, science, and technical subjects. This collection features common tier-2 words that are taught and tested in Grades 9 and 10. These words are used in a variety of contexts, exhibit different shades of meaning based on those contexts, and appear commonly in classroom instruction and on standardized assessments. Here are links to our lists for the collection: List 1 , List 2 , List 3 , List 4 , List 5 , List 6 , List 7 , List 8

Vocabulary is key to performing well on Common Core-aligned tests for English Language Arts as well as for building literacy in social studies, science, and technical subjects. This collection features common tier-2 words that are taught and tested in Grade 6. These words are used in a variety of contexts, exhibit different shades of meaning based on those contexts, and appear commonly in classroom instruction and on standardized assessments. Here are links to our lists for the collection: List 1 , List 2 , List 3 , List 4 , List 5 , List 6 , List 7 , List 8

Sign up now (it’s free!)

Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement..

• Dictionaries home
• American English
• Collocations
• German-English
• Grammar home
• Practical English Usage
• Learn & Practise Grammar (Beta)
• Word Lists home
• My Word Lists
• Recent additions
• Resources home
• Text Checker

Definition of presentation noun from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary

presentation

Join our community to access the latest language learning and assessment tips from Oxford University Press!

• 3 [ countable ] a meeting at which something, especially a new product or idea, or piece of work, is shown to a group of people The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products.
• 4 [ countable ] the series of computer slides (= images) that accompany the talk when someone gives a presentation at a meeting I put my presentation on a memory stick.
• 5 [ countable ] a ceremony or formal occasion during which a gift or prize is given
• 6 [ countable ] a performance of a play, etc. in a theater
• 7 [ countable , uncountable ] ( medical ) the position in which a baby is lying in the mother's body just before birth

Nearby words

In order to continue enjoying our site, we ask that you confirm your identity as a human. Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Presentation

• Written By Gregg Rosenzweig
• Updated: June 4, 2024

We’re here to help you choose the most appropriate content types to fulfill your content strategy. In this series, we’re breaking down the most popular content types to their basic fundamentals so you can start with a solid foundation — simple definitions, clarity on formats, and plenty of examples.

What is a Presentation?

A communication device that relays a topic to an audience in the form of a slide show, demonstration, lecture, or speech, where words and pictures complement each other.

Why should you think of presentations as content?

The beauty of content creation is that almost anything can become a compelling piece of content . It just depends on the creativity used to convert it and the story that brings it to life.

The long and short of it

Although the length of a presentation in terms of time can depend on the overall approach (Are you talking a lot? Are you referring to the screen in detail or not?), consider the number of informational content slides when tallying the overall presentation length. For instance, don’t include title slides in your tally when conveying length to a content creator.

A general guide to presentation length:

• Short Form (5 content slides)
• Standard Form (10 content slides)
• Long Form (20+ content slides)

Popular use cases for presentations…

Let’s consider TED Talks for a minute: one of the best examples (bar none) of how words, pictures, and a narrative can make people care about something they otherwise might not.

These “talks” pre-date podcasts and blend a compelling use of language and imagery in presentation format to spread ideas in unique ways.

TED Talks have been viewed a billion-plus times worldwide (and counting) and are worth considering when it comes to how you might use video-presentation content to connect with your customers in creative, cool, new ways.

Business types:

Any company that has a pitch deck, executive summary, sales presentation, or any kind of internal document can repurpose them into external-facing content pieces — without pain.

Presentation Examples – Short Form

Here are some short-form examples with curated to help inspire you.

Presentation Examples – Standard Form

Presentation Examples – Long Form

Understanding Content Quality in Examples

Our team has rated content type examples in three degrees of quality ( Good, Better, Best ) to help you better gauge resources needed for your content plan.

In general, the degrees of content quality correspond to our three content levels ( General, Qualified, Expert ) based on the criteria below. Remember though, multiple variables determine the cost, completion time, or content level for any content piece with a perceived degree of quality.

How to Get Exceptional Content That Elevates

If you want to impress your clients, co-workers, or leadership team with your next presentation or product demonstration, to might want to consider working with proven content creators.

At ClearVoice, we have a Talent Network of 4000+ professionals across 200+ industries. That means we can find creators with the exact skill sets and expertise you need to create content that gets results.

Talk to a content specialist today to start the conversation.

Stay in the know.

We will keep you up-to-date with all the content marketing news and resources. You will be a content expert in no time. Sign up for our free newsletter.

Elevate Your Content Game

Transform your marketing with a consistent stream of high-quality content for your brand.

You May Also Like...

The Role of a Content Marketing Agency in Scaling Personalization

Storytelling and Emotions in Content: How to Drive Conversions

The Top Frameworks for Amazing Blog Headlines That Get Clicked

• Content Production
• Build Your SEO
• Amplify Your Content
• For Agencies

Why ClearVoice

• Talent Network
• How It Works
• Freelance For Us
• Statement on AI
• Talk to a Specialist

Get Insights In Your Inbox

• Privacy Policy
• Terms of Service
• Intellectual Property Claims
• Data Collection Preferences

• Presentation Skills
• Skills & Tools

Presentation skills can be defined as a set of abilities that enable an individual to: interact with the audience; transmit the messages with clarity; engage the audience in the presentation; and interpret and understand the mindsets of the listeners. These skills refine the way you put forward your messages and enhance your persuasive powers.

The present era places great emphasis on good presentation skills. This is because they play an important role in convincing the clients and customers. Internally, management with good presentation skills is better able to communicate the mission and vision of the organization to the employees.

Importance of Presentation Skills

Interaction with others is a routine job of businesses in today’s world. The importance of good presentation skills is established on the basis of following points:

• They help an individual in enhancing his own growth opportunities. In addition, it also grooms the personality of the presenter and elevates his levels of confidence.
• In case of striking deals and gaining clients, it is essential for the business professionals to understand the audience. Good presentation skills enable an individual to mold his message according to the traits of the audience. This increases the probability of successful transmission of messages.
• Lastly, business professionals have to arrange seminars and give presentations almost every day. Having good presentation skills not only increases an individual’s chances of success, but also enable him to add greatly to the organization.

How to Improve Presentation Skills

Development of good presentation skills requires efforts and hard work. To improve your presentation skills, you must:

• Research the Audience before Presenting: This will enable you to better understand the traits of the audience. You can then develop messages that can be better understood by your target audience. For instance, in case of an analytical audience, you can add more facts and figures in your presentation.
• Structure your Presentation Effectively: The best way to do this is to start with telling the audience, in the introduction, what you are going to present. Follow this by presenting the idea, and finish off the presentation by repeating the main points.
• Do a lot of Practice: Rehearse but do not go for memorizing the presentation. Rehearsals reduce your anxiety and enable you to look confident on the presentation day. Make sure you practice out loud, as it enables you to identify and eliminate errors more efficiently. Do not memorize anything as it will make your presentation look mechanical. This can reduce the degree of audience engagement.
• Take a Workshop: Most medium and large businesses allow their employees to take employee development courses and workshops, as well-trained employees are essential to the success of any company. You can use that opportunity to take a workshop on professional presentation skills such as those offered by Langevin Learning Services , which are useful for all business professionals, from employees to business trainers and managers.

Job profiles that require this skill

Not yet a member? Sign Up

join cleverism

Find your dream job. Get on promotion fasstrack and increase tour lifetime salary.

Post your jobs & get access to millions of ambitious, well-educated talents that are going the extra mile.

First name*

Company name*

Company Website*

E-mail (work)*

Login or Register

Password reset instructions will be sent to your E-mail.

Presentation vs Deck: Meaning And Differences

When it comes to creating a visual aid for a business meeting or a presentation, two terms are often used interchangeably: presentation and deck. But which one is the proper term to use? The answer is that both can be used, but they have slightly different meanings.

A presentation is a comprehensive display of information that is intended to inform, persuade, or entertain an audience. It can be delivered in a variety of formats, including in-person, online, or via video. A deck, on the other hand, is a specific type of presentation that is typically created using presentation software, such as PowerPoint or Keynote. It is usually a collection of slides that are designed to be presented in a specific order to convey a message or tell a story.

Now that we have a better understanding of the difference between a presentation and a deck, let’s dive deeper into the pros and cons of each and when to use them.

Define Presentation

A presentation is a means of communicating information to an audience through a combination of verbal and visual elements. It is often used in business, education, and other settings to convey a message, persuade an audience, or provide information. Presentations can take many forms, including lectures, speeches, slideshows, and multimedia displays.

Effective presentations require careful planning and preparation. The presenter must have a clear understanding of the audience, the purpose of the presentation, and the message they want to convey. They must also be skilled in delivering the presentation in a way that engages the audience and holds their attention.

Define Deck

A deck, on the other hand, is a collection of slides that are used to support a presentation. It is typically created using presentation software such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Google Slides. A deck can include text, images, charts, graphs, and other visual elements that help to illustrate the key points of the presentation.

Decks are often used in business settings to provide a visual aid for a presentation. They can be shared with the audience before, during, or after the presentation to reinforce the message and provide additional information. Decks can also be used as a standalone document to communicate information without the need for a live presentation.

How To Properly Use The Words In A Sentence

Using the correct terminology in a sentence is crucial when it comes to effective communication. In the world of business, the terms “presentation” and “deck” are often used interchangeably, but they actually have distinct meanings that should be used appropriately. In this section, we will explore how to use these words in a sentence correctly.

How To Use “Presentation” In A Sentence

The term “presentation” refers to the act of presenting information to an audience. It can be used in a variety of contexts, such as in a business meeting, a sales pitch, or a classroom setting. Here are some examples of how to use “presentation” in a sentence:

• During the meeting, John gave a presentation on the company’s new marketing strategy.
• The teacher asked the students to prepare a presentation on the history of the Civil War.
• As part of the interview process, candidates are required to give a presentation on a relevant topic.

As you can see, “presentation” is used to describe the act of presenting information to an audience. It can be used as a noun or a verb, and is often accompanied by visual aids such as slides or handouts.

How To Use “Deck” In A Sentence

The term “deck” is often used interchangeably with “presentation,” but it actually refers specifically to a set of slides or visual aids that are used during a presentation. Here are some examples of how to use “deck” in a sentence:

• Before the meeting, Jane prepared a deck of slides to accompany her presentation.
• The sales team created a deck of product images to use during their pitch to potential clients.
• The conference organizer requested that all presenters submit their decks in advance to ensure a smooth transition between speakers.

As you can see, “deck” is used to describe the visual aids that accompany a presentation. It is typically used as a noun, and can refer to a set of slides, images, or other visual aids used to enhance a presentation.

More Examples Of Presentation & Deck Used In Sentences

In this section, we will provide you with various examples of how the terms “presentation” and “deck” are used in different contexts. These examples will help you understand the usage of these terms in a better way.

Examples Of Using Presentation In A Sentence

• During the meeting, John gave an impressive presentation on the company’s growth.
• The presentation on climate change was informative and eye-opening.
• She spent hours preparing her presentation for the upcoming conference.
• The sales team delivered a persuasive presentation to the potential clients.
• The professor used a PowerPoint presentation to explain the complex theories.
• The CEO’s presentation at the annual meeting was well-received by the shareholders.
• The marketing team created a visually appealing presentation to showcase the new product.
• The students were asked to give a group presentation on their research findings.
• The investors were impressed by the startup’s pitch presentation.
• The keynote speaker delivered a captivating presentation on leadership.

Examples Of Using Deck In A Sentence

• The startup’s pitch deck included a detailed financial plan and market analysis.
• The design team created a stunning deck for the client’s product launch.
• She used a deck of cards to teach her students about probability.
• The sales representative carried a deck of product samples to the meeting.
• The company’s investor deck highlighted the growth potential of the business.
• The consultant presented a deck of recommendations to the management team.
• The marketing department prepared a deck of social media strategies for the campaign.
• The speaker used a deck of slides to illustrate the key points of the presentation.
• The entrepreneur’s pitch deck included a demo of the product.
• The team leader created a deck of project milestones to share with the stakeholders.

Common Mistakes To Avoid

When it comes to creating visual aids for your next meeting or presentation, it’s important to understand the difference between a presentation and a deck. Unfortunately, many people use these terms interchangeably, leading to confusion and mistakes. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Mistake #1: Using “Presentation” And “Deck” Interchangeably

One of the most common mistakes people make is using the terms “presentation” and “deck” interchangeably. While both terms refer to visual aids used during a meeting or presentation, they are not the same thing. A presentation is a comprehensive communication tool that includes not only the visual aids but also the speaker’s narrative, body language, and tone of voice. On the other hand, a deck is a collection of slides that support the presentation but do not replace it.

To avoid this mistake, it’s important to use the correct terminology. If you’re referring to the visual aids only, use the term “deck.” If you’re referring to the entire communication tool, use the term “presentation.”

Mistake #2: Overloading Slides With Information

Another common mistake is overloading slides with too much information. This can make the presentation difficult to follow and overwhelming for the audience. Instead, focus on creating simple and clear slides that support your narrative. Use bullet points and visuals to convey your message effectively.

To avoid overloading your slides, limit the amount of information on each slide. Stick to one or two main points per slide and use visuals to illustrate your message. Remember, your slides should support your presentation, not replace it.

Mistake #3: Ignoring The Audience’s Needs

One of the biggest mistakes presenters make is ignoring the audience’s needs. This can include using jargon or technical terms that the audience may not understand, or failing to address their concerns and questions. To avoid this mistake, it’s important to understand your audience and tailor your presentation to their needs.

Before creating your presentation, research your audience and their needs. Use language and terminology that they will understand and address their concerns and questions throughout your presentation. This will help keep them engaged and interested in your message.

Tips On How To Avoid These Mistakes

• Use the correct terminology: “Presentation” refers to the entire communication tool, while “deck” refers to the visual aids only.
• Limit the amount of information on each slide: Stick to one or two main points per slide and use visuals to illustrate your message.
• Tailor your presentation to your audience’s needs: Research your audience and their needs before creating your presentation, and address their concerns and questions throughout your presentation.

Context Matters

When it comes to creating visual aids for a business meeting or presentation, the choice between a presentation and a deck can depend on the context in which they are used. While both can be effective tools for conveying information, there are certain situations where one may be more appropriate than the other.

Examples Of Different Contexts

Here are some examples of different contexts in which the choice between a presentation and a deck might change:

1. Formal vs. Informal Settings

If you are presenting in a formal setting, such as a board meeting or conference, a presentation may be more appropriate. Presentations are typically more structured and can help to convey a sense of professionalism and authority. On the other hand, if you are presenting in a more informal setting, such as a team meeting or brainstorming session, a deck may be more appropriate. Decks are generally more flexible and can be used to facilitate discussion and collaboration.

2. Audience Size

The size of your audience can also play a role in determining whether a presentation or a deck is more appropriate. If you are presenting to a large group of people, a presentation may be more effective. Presentations can help to keep everyone on the same page and can ensure that all important information is covered. However, if you are presenting to a smaller group, a deck may be more appropriate. Decks can be more interactive and can allow for more discussion and collaboration.

3. Purpose of the Presentation

The purpose of your presentation can also influence whether a presentation or a deck is more appropriate. If you are presenting to inform or educate your audience, a presentation may be more effective. Presentations can help to convey complex information in a clear and concise manner. However, if your presentation is meant to inspire or motivate your audience, a deck may be more appropriate. Decks can be more visually appealing and can help to capture your audience’s attention.

4. Time Constraints

If you are short on time, a deck may be more appropriate. Decks can be created quickly and can be used to convey important information in a short amount of time. However, if you have more time to prepare, a presentation may be more effective. Presentations can be more structured and can help to ensure that all important information is covered.

Ultimately, the choice between a presentation and a deck will depend on the specific context in which they are used. By considering factors such as the setting, audience size, purpose of the presentation, and time constraints, you can determine which tool is best suited for your needs.

Exceptions To The Rules

While the terms “presentation” and “deck” are often used interchangeably, there are some exceptions where the rules for using them might not apply.

1. Informal Settings

In informal settings, such as team meetings or brainstorming sessions, the use of a deck may not be necessary. Instead, a simple presentation with bullet points or even a verbal explanation may suffice. This can help to keep the focus on the content rather than the visual aids.

2. Technical Presentations

In technical presentations, such as those given by engineers or scientists, the use of a presentation with detailed diagrams and charts may be more appropriate than a deck with flashy graphics. This is because the audience may be more interested in the technical details rather than the visual appeal.

3. Interactive Presentations

In some cases, an interactive presentation may be more effective than a deck. For example, a software company may choose to give a live demonstration of their product rather than a static deck. This allows the audience to see the product in action and ask questions in real-time.

4. Personal Presentations

In personal presentations, such as job interviews or sales pitches, the use of a deck may not be necessary. Instead, a more personal approach, such as a conversation or storytelling, may be more effective in engaging the audience and creating a connection.

5. Cultural Differences

It’s important to be aware of cultural differences when using presentations or decks. For example, in some cultures, a more formal approach may be expected, while in others, a more casual approach may be preferred. It’s important to research and understand the cultural norms of the audience before deciding on the best approach.

Overall, while the rules for using presentation and deck may seem straightforward, there are exceptions where a different approach may be more effective. By considering the context and audience, you can choose the best approach to deliver your message and achieve your goals.

Practice Exercises

Now that we have discussed the differences between presentation and deck, it is important to practice using these terms in sentences. Below are some practice exercises to help you improve your understanding and use of presentation and deck:

Exercise 1:

Fill in the blank with either presentation or deck:

• She spent all night working on her ____ for the big meeting tomorrow.
• He created a beautiful ____ to showcase his photography portfolio.
• The speaker used a ____ to accompany his speech.
• She gave a fantastic ____ on the benefits of meditation.

Answer key: 1. presentation, 2. deck, 3. deck, 4. presentation

Exercise 2:

Choose the correct term to complete the sentence:

• A ____ is a collection of slides used to support a speech or presentation.
• A ____ is a formal talk given to an audience.
• He spent hours creating a beautiful ____ for his upcoming talk.
• She gave a fantastic ____ on the benefits of yoga.

Answer key: 1. deck, 2. presentation, 3. deck, 4. presentation

These practice exercises should help you become more comfortable with using presentation and deck in the appropriate context. Remember, a presentation is a formal talk given to an audience, while a deck is a collection of slides used to support a speech or presentation.

After examining the differences between presentation and deck, it is clear that each term has its unique features and purposes. While both presentation and deck are used to convey information, presentation is more focused on the delivery of the content, whereas deck is more focused on the content itself.

It is important to understand the distinction between the two terms to effectively communicate with colleagues and clients. By using the correct terminology, you can avoid confusion and ensure that your message is clear.

Key Takeaways

• Presentations are more focused on the delivery of the content, while decks are more focused on the content itself.
• Using the correct terminology can avoid confusion and ensure clear communication.

By continuing to learn about grammar and language use, you can improve your communication skills and become a more effective communicator. Whether it’s through online resources, books, or courses, there are plenty of opportunities to enhance your language skills.

Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. He’s one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. You don’t even want to know what he calls pancakes.

What is a Presentation? Objectives, Elements, Important skills, Four Ps

• Post last modified: 4 June 2023
• Reading time: 19 mins read
• Post category: Business Communication

What is a Presentation?

A presentation communicates a message, an idea or information to a group. It is similar to a report, but with a key difference–the human element. A presentation conveys the speaker’s personality and enables immediate interaction among all participants.

Table of Content

• 1 What is a Presentation?
• 2.1 To Inform
• 2.2 To Train
• 2.3 To Persuade
• 2.4 To Motivate
• 2.5 To Entertain
• 3 Main Elements of Presentation
• 4.1 Analytical ability
• 4.2 Effective communication ability
• 4.3 Creative ability
• 4.4 Good interpersonal skill
• 4.5 Sound time management
• 4.6 Problem-solving ability
• 4.7 A sense of humour
• 5 Evaluation Wheel
• 6.1 Prepare
• 6.2 Practice
• 6.3 Present
• 7.1 Know Yourself
• 7.2 Know Your Material
• 7.3 Know Your Purpose
• 7.4 Know Your Audience

Objectives of Presentation

The main objectives of a presentation are:

To Persuade

To motivate, to entertain.

A presentation is created to convey some information to a group of people. For example, a presentation may display an organisation’s quarterly performance.

Most training programmes in organisations are done through the presentation mode. Such instructional presentations convey a lot of information and are created with instructional design principles to keep the audience engaged for a long period.

Some presentations are used to convince a group of people to accept a particular idea and/or make a certain choice.

The growing popularity of TED Talks indicates how a presentation can be a powerful motivation tool. These presentations trigger emotions and inspire people to act.

Presentations can also be used to celebrate an event. For example, a farewell presentation of a colleague can be used to narrate the story of his/her overall tenure, experiences and achievement in the organisation.

Main Elements of Presentation

A presentation is said to be effective if it has three main elements, which are as follows:

• Specific content : This refers to the information that a presentation will comprise. The information must be conveyed effectively so that it is absorbed by the audience in one sitting. It should be relevant and meaningful to them.
• Audience : A presentation should be targeted for a specific group of audience who share the same purpose and have a similar level of pre-knowledge.
• Presenter: The presenter should act as the advocate of the information. If his/her conviction and passion in the message are clearly articulated, the audience will also pay attention to the subject.

Important Presentation Skills

In today’s business environment, presentation skills are requisite in almost every professional arena. Employees are often required to give presentations on the targets achieved by them. A presentation can be effective if it is carefully planned and prepared.

However, delivering presentations is not always easy for every individual. Some people take presenting as a probable opportunity to showcase skills, while others find it a challenging task. To provide an effective presentation, a presenter must possess some abilities.

Some of them are explained as follows:

Analytical ability

Effective communication ability, creative ability, good interpersonal skill, sound time management, problem-solving ability, a sense of humour.

It refers to a calibre which empowers an individual to collect, organise, visualise and comprehend data. Such skills enable a person to look at related patterns, draw conclusions and find solutions to problems. In addition, sound analytical skills also enable an individual to forecast future trends using various techniques such as brainstorming, forecasting, data mining and metrics interpretation.

Communication entails much more than mere talking to the audience. To communicate effectively during a presentation, one ought to showcase information lucidly. During a presentation, a person should not just have a good set of slides together; rather he needs to engage and strike a chord with the audience to transmit the intended message.

It refers to the ability to present things in a creative way that have not been explored earlier. Creative skills in presentation enable an individual to invent or develop something path-breaking, such as a new concept, unique way out from a problem, a method, a work of art or new machinery, etc.

It encompasses how an individual portrays or presents himself to the audience and builds a rapport with the audience. During a presentation, sound interpersonal skills empower a speaker to interact, communicate and collaborate with the audience effectively.

Interpersonal skills are prevalent across all personal and professional interactions between people. Interpersonal skills entail empathy, active listening and emotional intelligence.

While delivering a presentation, a person should manage time effectively, set a presentation schedule and end a presentation within a stipulated time. If a presentation is long, there are chances the audience may lose interest and the message may not be delivered.

A speaker cannot expect audience to actively listen to the presentation for hours. At the start of presentation, a speaker should aim to grab audience’s attention and allocate time for questions and answers at the end.

Problem-solving is a requisite skill for a presentation. During a presentation, the audience may ask the speaker any kind of questions. On the other hand, it is important for the speaker to provide an appropriate answer to the audience to make the presentation successful.

A sense of humour is crucial to deliver a quality presentation to make the environment light and engaging. Appropriate usage of light jokes relieves stress and holds the attention of an audience, which makes the presentation a memorable experience for both the speaker and the audience.

Evaluation Wheel

Evaluation wheel is a creative and effective tool that accumulates information on outcomes in a simple and accessible manner. A presenter can opt for the evaluation wheel tool to show the outcomes of the research or reports. This tool is used to provide various types of information and journeys of change within the organisation.

It offers a visual representation of progression and results in the form of a spider diagram. The evaluation wheel measures the exact outcomes for a programme at the start and end. It also helps educators, designers to comprehend information systematically. Figure shows an example of evaluation wheel:

Figure states the scale questionnaire in a circle form wherein respondents will analyse the instances from their discretion and experience and give rating on a scale of 1 to 5.

For instance, service users are appropriately involved. In this case, if the respondent strongly agrees, he/she will give 5 rating and if he/she does not agree, he/she will give 1 rating. The centre of the circle is for 1 and as the respondent agrees, they reach out to edge for 5 rating.

Ps of Presentation

Even the most powerful presentation may fail if the presenter comes unprepared. A presentation is both a mental and a physical effort. There are Ps of presentation that provide a checklist to the presenter for ensuring that the presentation is well-constructed and clear so that the audience gets the message. These four Ps are explained as follows:

A thoroughly prepared presentation captivates the interests of the audience. The topic or content of the presentation must be thoroughly researched. No one would develop interest in a vague or equivocal presentation. A speaker can make use of stories or relatable examples and quote references to give more depth to the presentation and make it intriguing.

Apart from that, it should be ensured that only important points are highlighted in bullets or using other graphical elements. Providing too much of theory or full sentences can create boredom for the audience.

While preparing for a presentation, the presenter should include the following sections:

• Introduction : This section includes the name of the topic and the purpose of the presentation.
• Body : This section contains the main content of the presentation; thus, it must be prepared in a well-organised manner.
• Summary : It provides a recap of the content of the presentation. It outlines the most important points of the presentation to ensure the key message is retained by the audience.

Practice will make a man perfect is an adage that is appropriate across all spheres of life. It helps a speaker become familiar with his/her own voice, words and phrases and adjust accordingly. By practising thoroughly, a speaker can explore how to fit different pieces of information together and practise transition.

Also, a speaker should make notes wherever required as a part of presentation support. Using an index card is a common form of note-taking that provides a quick glimpse of important points.

While delivering a presentation, the speaker needs to demonstrate confidence in front of the audience. The speaker must be polite, but not apologetic in situations, such as if the session is running overtime or the microphone has stopped working.

Instead he/she should expect and ask for discipline and attention. It is important for a speaker to engage with the audience during the presentation in order to assure them that he/she is genuinely interested in talking to them. 4. Pace, pitch and pause: A presenter should deliver the presentation in an easy-to-follow pace and try changing the pace to enliven the presentation.

For example, pauses can be taken intentionally between main points to reinforce them. Along with pace, pitch is equally important. Just as pace varies in normal conversations, it should be used effectively during presentations too. For example, when asking a question, the presenter can raise the pitch and can lower it down when explaining a point.

Four Cornerstones of Making Memorable Presentations

The most crucial aspect of delivering an effective presentation is that the speaker should appear confident and the speech should look effortless. Presentations are a source of anxiety for many individuals. However, getting well-prepared before delivering a presentation can reduce this feeling considerably and ease apprehension.

There are a number of ways to overcome feelings of anxiety, stress and stage fright before the presentation in order to appear confident in front of the audience. The four cornerstones of making a memorable presentation are provided in the upcoming sections.

Know Yourself

Know your material, know your purpose, know your audience.

A presenter should acknowledge his/her strengths and weaknesses. Accordingly, he/she should decide the style of delivering a presentation. For instance, if a presenter has a great sense of humour and can use it comfortably in the speech, he/she can make the presentation more engaging and interesting.

On the other hand, if the speaker who is an introvert and prefers to talk or engage less, he/she can add visuals in the presentation. Therefore, the trick is whosoever is delivering the presentation should feel comfortable.

Knowing the topic thoroughly is the most important step in preparing and delivering a presentation. A presenter with well-versed knowledge of the topic is bound to feel more confident. One should perform extensive research of the topic using credible websites and surveys.

A presenter with minimal information about the topic will not be able to deliver a memorable presentation; rather, it would create a negative image in front of the audience. A good presentation is one that is centred around the main theme, presents relevant information and stimulates thought.

It is crucial to know the purpose of the presentation. A presenter should be aware of whether the purpose is to create awareness or to build new skills or to change attitudes. For instance, professional firms or businesses use presentations for various purposes such as to create awareness, educate, motivate and persuade internal and external audiences.

Therefore, to prepare a presentation, identify its objective/purpose, determine the method of delivery, formulate a structure, include visual aids and rehearse.

One should know the type of audience and what is their purpose of attending the presentation. For instance, whether they are there for gaining knowledge or learning new skills, etc. The age, culture and knowledge base of the audience help a presenter in designing and delivering his/her presentation effectively and in a manner in which audience can easily understand and relate to.

A well-designed presentation uses visual aids effectively to reinforce the main points and enhance the audience’s level of understanding.

Business Communication Notes

( Click on Topic to Read )

• What is Business Communication?
• What is Communication?

Types of Communication

• 7 C of Communication
• Barriers To Business Communication
• Oral Communication
• Types Of Non Verbal Communication
• What is Written Communication?
• What are Soft Skills?
• Interpersonal vs Intrapersonal communication
• Barriers to Communication
• Importance of Communication Skills
• Listening in Communication
• Causes of Miscommunication
• What is Johari Window?
• What is Presentation?

Communication Styles

• Channels of Communication
• Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Differences and Benett’s Stages of Intercultural Sensitivity

Organisational Communication

• Horizontal C ommunication
• Grapevine Communication
• Downward Communication
• Verbal Communication Skills
• Upward Communication
• Flow of Communication
• What is Emotional Intelligence?
• What is Public Speaking?
• Upward vs Downward Communication
• Internal vs External Communication
• What is Group Discussion?
• What is Interview?
• What is Negotiation?
• What is Digital Communication?
• What is Letter Writing?

Resume and Covering Letter

• What is Report Writing?
• What is Business Meeting?
• What is Public Relations?
• What Is Market Segmentation?
• What Is Marketing Mix?
• Marketing Concept
• Marketing Management Process
• What Is Marketing Environment?
• What Is Consumer Behaviour?
• Business Buyer Behaviour
• Demand Forecasting
• 7 Stages Of New Product Development
• Methods Of Pricing
• What Is Public Relations?
• What Is Marketing Management?
• What Is Sales Promotion?
• Types Of Sales Promotion
• Techniques Of Sales Promotion
• What Is Personal Selling?
• What Is Advertising?
• Market Entry Strategy
• What Is Marketing Planning?
• Segmentation Targeting And Positioning
• Brand Building Process
• Kotler Five Product Level Model
• Classification Of Products
• Types Of Logistics
• What Is Consumer Research?
• What Is DAGMAR?
• Consumer Behaviour Models
• What Is Green Marketing?
• What Is Electronic Commerce?
• Agricultural Cooperative Marketing
• What Is Marketing Control?
• What Is Marketing Communication?
• What Is Pricing?
• Models Of Communication
• What is Sales Management?
• Objectives of Sales Management
• Responsibilities and Skills of Sales Manager
• Theories of Personal Selling
• What is Sales Forecasting?
• Methods of Sales Forecasting
• Purpose of Sales Budgeting
• Methods of Sales Budgeting
• Types of Sales Budgeting
• Sales Budgeting Process
• What is Sales Quotas?
• What is Selling by Objectives (SBO) ?
• What is Sales Organisation?
• Types of Sales Force Structure
• Recruiting and Selecting Sales Personnel
• Training and Development of Salesforce
• Compensating the Sales Force
• Time and Territory Management
• What Is Logistics?
• What Is Logistics System?
• Technologies in Logistics
• What Is Distribution Management?
• What Is Marketing Intermediaries?
• Conventional Distribution System
• Functions of Distribution Channels
• What is Channel Design?
• Types of Wholesalers and Retailers
• What is Vertical Marketing Systems?
• What i s Marketing?
• What i s A BCG Matrix?
• 5 M’S Of Advertising
• What i s Direct Marketing?
• Marketing Mix For Services
• What Market Intelligence System?
• What i s Trade Union?
• What Is International Marketing?
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• What i s International Marketing Research?
• What is Exporting?
• What is Licensing?
• What is Franchising?
• What is Joint Venture?
• What is Turnkey Projects?
• What is Management Contracts?
• What is Foreign Direct Investment?
• Factors That Influence Entry Mode Choice In Foreign Markets
• What is Price Escalations?
• What is Transfer Pricing?
• Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)
• What is Promotion Mix?
• Factors Affecting Promotion Mix
• Functions & Role Of Advertising
• What is Database Marketing?
• What is Advertising Budget?
• What is Advertising Agency?
• What is Market Intelligence?
• What is Industrial Marketing?
• What is Customer Value
• What is Consumer Behaviour?
• What Is Personality?
• What Is Perception?
• What Is Learning?
• What Is Attitude?
• What Is Motivation?
• Consumer Imagery
• Consumer Attitude Formation
• What Is Culture?
• Consumer Decision Making Process
• Applications of Consumer Behaviour in Marketing
• Motivational Research
• Theoretical Approaches to Study of Consumer Behaviour
• Consumer Involvement
• Consumer Lifestyle
• Theories of Personality
• Outlet Selection
• Organizational Buying Behaviour
• Reference Groups
• Consumer Protection Act, 1986
• Diffusion of Innovation
• Opinion Leaders
• What is Business Law?
• Indian Contract Act 1872
• Essential Elements of a Valid Contract
• Types of Contract
• What is Discharge of Contract?
• Performance of Contract
• Sales of Goods Act 1930
• Goods & Price: Contract of Sale
• Conditions and Warranties
• Doctrine of Caveat Emptor
• Transfer of Property
• Rights of Unpaid Seller
• Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
• Types of Negotiable Instruments
• Types of Endorsement
• What is Promissory Note?
• What is Cheque?
• What is Crossing of Cheque?
• What is Bill of Exchange?
• What is Offer?
• Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008
• Memorandum of Association
• Articles of Association
• What is Director?
• Trade Unions Act, 1926
• Industrial Disputes Act 1947
• Employee State Insurance Act 1948
• Payment of Wages Act 1936
• Payment of Bonus Act 1965
• Labour Law in India
• What is Brand Management?
• 4 Steps of Strategic Brand Management Process
• Customer Based Brand Equity
• What is Brand Equity?

You Might Also Like

Barriers to Communication: Types, How to Overcome

What is Horizontal Communication? Definition, Advantage, Flow

What is Group Discussion? (GD), Objectives, Types, Prerequisites, Steps

What are Soft Skills? Types, Importance, How to Develop

What is letter writing layouts, types.

Emotional Intelligence

What is interview types, questions, do’s and don’ts, preparing, difference between upward and downward communication, leave a reply cancel reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment.

World's Best Online Courses at One Place

We’ve spent the time in finding, so you can spend your time in learning

Digital Marketing

Personal Growth

Development

We use essential cookies to make Venngage work. By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts.

Manage Cookies

Cookies and similar technologies collect certain information about how you’re using our website. Some of them are essential, and without them you wouldn’t be able to use Venngage. But others are optional, and you get to choose whether we use them or not.

Strictly Necessary Cookies

These cookies are always on, as they’re essential for making Venngage work, and making it safe. Without these cookies, services you’ve asked for can’t be provided.

Show cookie providers

• Google Login

Functionality Cookies

These cookies help us provide enhanced functionality and personalisation, and remember your settings. They may be set by us or by third party providers.

Performance Cookies

These cookies help us analyze how many people are using Venngage, where they come from and how they're using it. If you opt out of these cookies, we can’t get feedback to make Venngage better for you and all our users.

• Google Analytics

Targeting Cookies

These cookies are set by our advertising partners to track your activity and show you relevant Venngage ads on other sites as you browse the internet.

• Google Tag Manager
• Infographics
• Daily Infographics
• Popular Templates
• Accessibility
• Graphic Design
• Graphs and Charts
• Data Visualization
• Human Resources
• Beginner Guides

Blog Beginner Guides How To Make a Good Presentation [A Complete Guide]

How To Make a Good Presentation [A Complete Guide]

Written by: Krystle Wong Jul 20, 2023

A top-notch presentation possesses the power to drive action. From winning stakeholders over and conveying a powerful message to securing funding — your secret weapon lies within the realm of creating an effective presentation .  

Being an excellent presenter isn’t confined to the boardroom. Whether you’re delivering a presentation at work, pursuing an academic career, involved in a non-profit organization or even a student, nailing the presentation game is a game-changer.

In this article, I’ll cover the top qualities of compelling presentations and walk you through a step-by-step guide on how to give a good presentation. Here’s a little tip to kick things off: for a headstart, check out Venngage’s collection of free presentation templates . They are fully customizable, and the best part is you don’t need professional design skills to make them shine!

These valuable presentation tips cater to individuals from diverse professional backgrounds, encompassing business professionals, sales and marketing teams, educators, trainers, students, researchers, non-profit organizations, public speakers and presenters. 

No matter your field or role, these tips for presenting will equip you with the skills to deliver effective presentations that leave a lasting impression on any audience.

Click to jump ahead:

What are the 10 qualities of a good presentation?

Step-by-step guide on how to prepare an effective presentation, 9 effective techniques to deliver a memorable presentation, faqs on making a good presentation, how to create a presentation with venngage in 5 steps.

When it comes to giving an engaging presentation that leaves a lasting impression, it’s not just about the content — it’s also about how you deliver it. Wondering what makes a good presentation? Well, the best presentations I’ve seen consistently exhibit these 10 qualities:

1. Clear structure

No one likes to get lost in a maze of information. Organize your thoughts into a logical flow, complete with an introduction, main points and a solid conclusion. A structured presentation helps your audience follow along effortlessly, leaving them with a sense of satisfaction at the end.

Regardless of your presentation style , a quality presentation starts with a clear roadmap. Browse through Venngage’s template library and select a presentation template that aligns with your content and presentation goals. Here’s a good presentation example template with a logical layout that includes sections for the introduction, main points, supporting information and a conclusion: 

2. Engaging opening

Hook your audience right from the start with an attention-grabbing statement, a fascinating question or maybe even a captivating anecdote. Set the stage for a killer presentation!

The opening moments of your presentation hold immense power – check out these 15 ways to start a presentation to set the stage and captivate your audience.

3. Relevant content

Make sure your content aligns with their interests and needs. Your audience is there for a reason, and that’s to get valuable insights. Avoid fluff and get straight to the point, your audience will be genuinely excited.

4. Effective visual aids

Picture this: a slide with walls of text and tiny charts, yawn! Visual aids should be just that—aiding your presentation. Opt for clear and visually appealing slides, engaging images and informative charts that add value and help reinforce your message.

With Venngage, visualizing data takes no effort at all. You can import data from CSV or Google Sheets seamlessly and create stunning charts, graphs and icon stories effortlessly to showcase your data in a captivating and impactful way.

5. Clear and concise communication

Keep your language simple, and avoid jargon or complicated terms. Communicate your ideas clearly, so your audience can easily grasp and retain the information being conveyed. This can prevent confusion and enhance the overall effectiveness of the message. 

6. Engaging delivery

Spice up your presentation with a sprinkle of enthusiasm! Maintain eye contact, use expressive gestures and vary your tone of voice to keep your audience glued to the edge of their seats. A touch of charisma goes a long way!

7. Interaction and audience engagement

Turn your presentation into an interactive experience — encourage questions, foster discussions and maybe even throw in a fun activity. Engaged audiences are more likely to remember and embrace your message.

Transform your slides into an interactive presentation with Venngage’s dynamic features like pop-ups, clickable icons and animated elements. Engage your audience with interactive content that lets them explore and interact with your presentation for a truly immersive experience.

8. Effective storytelling

Who doesn’t love a good story? Weaving relevant anecdotes, case studies or even a personal story into your presentation can captivate your audience and create a lasting impact. Stories build connections and make your message memorable.

A great presentation background is also essential as it sets the tone, creates visual interest and reinforces your message. Enhance the overall aesthetics of your presentation with these 15 presentation background examples and captivate your audience’s attention.

9. Well-timed pacing

Pace your presentation thoughtfully with well-designed presentation slides, neither rushing through nor dragging it out. Respect your audience’s time and ensure you cover all the essential points without losing their interest.

10. Strong conclusion

Last impressions linger! Summarize your main points and leave your audience with a clear takeaway. End your presentation with a bang , a call to action or an inspiring thought that resonates long after the conclusion.

In-person presentations aside, acing a virtual presentation is of paramount importance in today’s digital world. Check out this guide to learn how you can adapt your in-person presentations into virtual presentations . 

Preparing an effective presentation starts with laying a strong foundation that goes beyond just creating slides and notes. One of the quickest and best ways to make a presentation would be with the help of a good presentation software . 

Otherwise, let me walk you to how to prepare for a presentation step by step and unlock the secrets of crafting a professional presentation that sets you apart.

1. Understand the audience and their needs

Before you dive into preparing your masterpiece, take a moment to get to know your target audience. Tailor your presentation to meet their needs and expectations , and you’ll have them hooked from the start!

2. Conduct thorough research on the topic

Time to hit the books (or the internet)! Don’t skimp on the research with your presentation materials — dive deep into the subject matter and gather valuable insights . The more you know, the more confident you’ll feel in delivering your presentation.

3. Organize the content with a clear structure

No one wants to stumble through a chaotic mess of information. Outline your presentation with a clear and logical flow. Start with a captivating introduction, follow up with main points that build on each other and wrap it up with a powerful conclusion that leaves a lasting impression.

Delivering an effective business presentation hinges on captivating your audience, and Venngage’s professionally designed business presentation templates are tailor-made for this purpose. With thoughtfully structured layouts, these templates enhance your message’s clarity and coherence, ensuring a memorable and engaging experience for your audience members.

Don’t want to build your presentation layout from scratch? pick from these 5 foolproof presentation layout ideas that won’t go wrong. 

4. Develop visually appealing and supportive visual aids

Spice up your presentation with eye-catching visuals! Create slides that complement your message, not overshadow it. Remember, a picture is worth a thousand words, but that doesn’t mean you need to overload your slides with text.

Well-chosen designs create a cohesive and professional look, capturing your audience’s attention and enhancing the overall effectiveness of your message. Here’s a list of carefully curated PowerPoint presentation templates and great background graphics that will significantly influence the visual appeal and engagement of your presentation.

5. Practice, practice and practice

Practice makes perfect — rehearse your presentation and arrive early to your presentation to help overcome stage fright. Familiarity with your material will boost your presentation skills and help you handle curveballs with ease.

6. Seek feedback and make necessary adjustments

Don’t be afraid to ask for help and seek feedback from friends and colleagues. Constructive criticism can help you identify blind spots and fine-tune your presentation to perfection.

With Venngage’s real-time collaboration feature , receiving feedback and editing your presentation is a seamless process. Group members can access and work on the presentation simultaneously and edit content side by side in real-time. Changes will be reflected immediately to the entire team, promoting seamless teamwork.

7. Prepare for potential technical or logistical issues

Prepare for the unexpected by checking your equipment, internet connection and any other potential hiccups. If you’re worried that you’ll miss out on any important points, you could always have note cards prepared. Remember to remain focused and rehearse potential answers to anticipated questions.

8. Fine-tune and polish your presentation

As the big day approaches, give your presentation one last shine. Review your talking points, practice how to present a presentation and make any final tweaks. Deep breaths — you’re on the brink of delivering a successful presentation!

In competitive environments, persuasive presentations set individuals and organizations apart. To brush up on your presentation skills, read these guides on how to make a persuasive presentation and tips to presenting effectively . 

Whether you’re an experienced presenter or a novice, the right techniques will let your presentation skills soar to new heights!

From public speaking hacks to interactive elements and storytelling prowess, these 9 effective presentation techniques will empower you to leave a lasting impression on your audience and make your presentations unforgettable.

1. Confidence and positive body language

Positive body language instantly captivates your audience, making them believe in your message as much as you do. Strengthen your stage presence and own that stage like it’s your second home! Stand tall, shoulders back and exude confidence. 

2. Eye contact with the audience

Break down that invisible barrier and connect with your audience through their eyes. Maintaining eye contact when giving a presentation builds trust and shows that you’re present and engaged with them.

3. Effective use of hand gestures and movement

A little movement goes a long way! Emphasize key points with purposeful gestures and don’t be afraid to walk around the stage. Your energy will be contagious!

4. Utilize storytelling techniques

Weave the magic of storytelling into your presentation. Share relatable anecdotes, inspiring success stories or even personal experiences that tug at the heartstrings of your audience. Adjust your pitch, pace and volume to match the emotions and intensity of the story. Varying your speaking voice adds depth and enhances your stage presence.

5. Incorporate multimedia elements

Spice up your presentation with a dash of visual pizzazz! Use slides, images and video clips to add depth and clarity to your message. Just remember, less is more—don’t overwhelm them with information overload. 

Turn your presentations into an interactive party! Involve your audience with questions, polls or group activities. When they actively participate, they become invested in your presentation’s success. Bring your design to life with animated elements. Venngage allows you to apply animations to icons, images and text to create dynamic and engaging visual content.

6. Utilize humor strategically

Laughter is the best medicine—and a fantastic presentation enhancer! A well-placed joke or lighthearted moment can break the ice and create a warm atmosphere , making your audience more receptive to your message.

7. Practice active listening and respond to feedback

Be attentive to your audience’s reactions and feedback. If they have questions or concerns, address them with genuine interest and respect. Your responsiveness builds rapport and shows that you genuinely care about their experience.

8. Apply the 10-20-30 rule

Apply the 10-20-30 presentation rule and keep it short, sweet and impactful! Stick to ten slides, deliver your presentation within 20 minutes and use a 30-point font to ensure clarity and focus. Less is more, and your audience will thank you for it!

9. Implement the 5-5-5 rule

Simplicity is key. Limit each slide to five bullet points, with only five words per bullet point and allow each slide to remain visible for about five seconds. This rule keeps your presentation concise and prevents information overload.

Simple presentations are more engaging because they are easier to follow. Summarize your presentations and keep them simple with Venngage’s gallery of simple presentation templates and ensure that your message is delivered effectively across your audience.

1. How to start a presentation?

To kick off your presentation effectively, begin with an attention-grabbing statement or a powerful quote. Introduce yourself, establish credibility and clearly state the purpose and relevance of your presentation.

2. How to end a presentation?

For a strong conclusion, summarize your talking points and key takeaways. End with a compelling call to action or a thought-provoking question and remember to thank your audience and invite any final questions or interactions.

3. How to make a presentation interactive?

To make your presentation interactive, encourage questions and discussion throughout your talk. Utilize multimedia elements like videos or images and consider including polls, quizzes or group activities to actively involve your audience.

In need of inspiration for your next presentation? I’ve got your back! Pick from these 120+ presentation ideas, topics and examples to get started. 

Creating a stunning presentation with Venngage is a breeze with our user-friendly drag-and-drop editor and professionally designed templates for all your communication needs. 

Here’s how to make a presentation in just 5 simple steps with the help of Venngage:

Step 1: Sign up for Venngage for free using your email, Gmail or Facebook account or simply log in to access your account. 

Step 2: Pick a design from our selection of free presentation templates (they’re all created by our expert in-house designers).

Step 3: Make the template your own by customizing it to fit your content and branding. With Venngage’s intuitive drag-and-drop editor, you can easily modify text, change colors and adjust the layout to create a unique and eye-catching design.

Step 4: Elevate your presentation by incorporating captivating visuals. You can upload your images or choose from Venngage’s vast library of high-quality photos, icons and illustrations. 

Step 5: Upgrade to a premium or business account to export your presentation in PDF and print it for in-person presentations or share it digitally for free!

By following these five simple steps, you’ll have a professionally designed and visually engaging presentation ready in no time. With Venngage’s user-friendly platform, your presentation is sure to make a lasting impression. So, let your creativity flow and get ready to shine in your next presentation!

Discover popular designs

Infographic maker

Brochure maker

White paper online

Newsletter creator

Flyer maker

Timeline maker

Letterhead maker

Mind map maker

Ebook maker

More From Forbes

The 5 differences between a pitch and a presentation.

• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to Linkedin

Persuade me. If you can.

“Tell me a little bit about yourself.”

“Pitch me your business idea.”

“Why should I do business with you?”

Where, exactly, does the story begin? In order to pitch your ideas - or your job skills - effectively, it’s important to understand the fundamental differences between a presentation and a pitch. Because a pitch is more than just an informational presentation. Beyond the constructs of the various TV shows, like Shark Tank , a pitch doesn’t necessarily inform. A good pitch compels . In other words, a pitch inspires action.

Persuasion Creates Opportunity, inside Your Pitch

That’s right, “inspires”. Because if all you want to do is instruct, like an informational presentation, that’s not a pitch. True, your audience might get smarter. But are you getting any richer? What does “good” look like, when it comes to your pitch? Maybe it looks like a new job . A new promotion. Or a new initiative that’s delivered (persuasively) by none other than you. Would you invest in that pitch?

Consider these five key differences between a presentation and a pitch:

• You Don’t Have to Go it Alone : it’s easy to fall into the trap that you’re alone on an island when it comes to your pitch - and that’s why you better talk fast, right? Wrong. A presentation is about information. A pitch is about connection . Slow down, and stop trying to lift the world by yourself. Instead, connect your message to the people you wish to influence most: your investors, your potential new employer, your boss. Stop focusing on yourself and consider the puts and takes for the person right in front of you. You may not be facing off with Mr. Wonderful, but if you can find a way to connect to your audience, you’re making wonderful progress. How does your pitch impact the person you’re trying to influence? Are you clear on their outcomes, not just your own?
• Outcomes, Not Obstacles : there are four words that need to be a part of any persuasive conversation or pitch. Here they are: “I’ve thought this through”. Thinking things through means looking beyond the details. Zoom out and see if you see the big picture - have you thought things through? After all, a pitch is persuasive. It’s not a how-to. You’re not there to instruct, you’re there to inspire. Thinking things through points towards outcomes . What is the outcome of your business idea? What’s the outcome of you being hired by this firm? Stop focusing on your past experience and knowledge (Your background and resumé won’t disappear, when you make this shift). Turn your experience into outcomes for your audience. That way, you create an experience for your investor (or potential employer). Sharing outcomes starts by answering this simple question: “What’s the biggest promise you can keep?”
• What’s Your Log Line? Brant Pinvidic has sold over 300 different vehicles to various studios in Hollywood, including reality TV shows like Pawn Stars and Bar Rescue . In his book, The 3-Minute Rule, he explains how it can be useful to have a “log line”. He defines a log line as “the single most valuable element of your offering...in a single sentence or phrase.” He explains how he sold the idea of The Biggest Loser, the most successful show his company has produced so far: “Overweight contestants compete to lose weight; the winner is the biggest loser.” Simplicity wins, when it comes to your pitch.
• Use Leadership Language - Not Just Description: If you want a pitch that’s a winner, consider the difference between language that describes and language that creates. The language of description is all around us - in news reports, white papers and web pages. The language of creation, however, focuses on what we might be able to make, build or do together. Leadership language emphasizes creation: creating partnerships, opportunities, options and outcomes. Which do you think is more important in a pitch, description or creation? If an investor can take a quiz on your business idea, describe it, and earn an “A”, you might just be the biggest loser. Because if your audience is smarter, but they’re not co-creating a new solution with you, what have you won? Do you want to get a grade, or to get paid?
• Close Like You Know: a compelling pitch is, at its core, is a series of “yeses”. A pitch always finds a way to “yes”. How do you know if your pitch is going well? When you hear these three words from your audience: tell me more . Can you share ideas that are inarguable? Ideas and concepts that inspire agreement instead of inviting argument? These paths lead to yes. And then, at the end of your pitch, offer the easiest thing in the world to say “yes” to. And what is the easiest thing in the world to say “yes” to? No, it’s not free beer. It’s an invitation . What is the invitation you can offer? An invitation that’s logical and actionable and measurable. An invitation to co-create the next step - the step that just might get you into the winner’s circle. Or that new job you’ve been hoping for.

You don’t have to watch Shark Tank in order to see the value in a persuasive conversation. That’s right: a pitch is simply a conversation, if it’s done right. A conversation that’s compelling, clear and guided, so that your audience sees your vision. A vision that’s presented in a way that makes people say “yes”. Using the language of creation, a pitch builds to a “tell me more”, based on a story that gets your audience involved and connected with your vision. So, if you’re looking for a new job, or a new way to get your ideas across, consider how you might be able to create the one thing that every pitch needs: a connection to your audience. Instead of focusing intently on your background, your struggle, or your hero’s journey, consider instead how you can make your audience the hero. That kind of language just might help you create what’s missing. So, you’re invited to change the conversation - and change your results - whenever you’re ready to win.

Best Travel Insurance Companies

Best covid-19 travel insurance plans.

• Editorial Standards
• Reprints & Permissions

• Onsite training

3,000,000+ delegates

15,000+ clients

1,000+ locations

• KnowledgePass
• Log a ticket

01344203999 Available 24/7

What is PowerPoint: Your Ultimate Resource

What is PowerPoint? This blog will walk you through “what is Microsoft PowerPoint”. Discover its features, uses, and the art of crafting compelling slideshows. Whether you're a student, professional, or simply curious, explore the power of Microsoft PowerPoint and learn how you can create impactful presentations effortlessly.

Exclusive 40% OFF

Training Outcomes Within Your Budget!

We ensure quality, budget-alignment, and timely delivery by our expert instructors.

Share this Resource

• Microsoft Dynamics 365 Fundamentals (ERP) MB920
• Microsoft Access Training
• Microsoft Dynamics 365 Fundamentals (CRM) MB910
• Microsoft Word Course
• Microsoft Dynamics 365 Marketing MB220

According to Glassdoor , a PowerPoint designer's average salary in the UK is about £37,811 annually. Who knew there was big money in presentations alone? In this blog, you will learn What PowerPoint is, its key features, its benefits, and how to use it, as well as learn some tips for creating effective presentations. 

Table of contents      

1) What is PowerPoint?   

2) Understanding the PowerPoint interface   

3) Key features of PowerPoint  

4) How to use PowerPoint to create a presentation?  

5) Benefits of PowerPoint   

6) Tips for creating effective PowerPoint Presentations  

7) Alternatives to PowerPoint    

8)  Conclusion

What is PowerPoint?  

PowerPoint is an essential multifunctional tool for making presentations which had been created by MS. As a part of the Microsoft Office Suite, it offers a toolbox to organise the presentation by using different tools and features to make it visually pleasant and attractive. MS PowerPoint gives the opportunity for the text, graphics, multimedia objects, and animation elements to be combined in one place to allow the users to present information in a more effective way.  

Evolution of PowerPoint  

In the course of time, PowerPoint has become a very functional tool to produce high-quality presentations Moreover, a secure system would be established to manage risks of data leakage or theft. First released in 1987 for Apple computers, it defies to the competition with its easy Graphical User Interface (GUIGUI)) and its large range of functions. With every new release, MS PowerPoint offered new functionality and boasted significant improvements, staying the wonder of the world of presentations.

Understanding the PowerPoint interface  

 The PowerPoint Program provides the presenter with an easy-to-use interface for designing and updating the presentation. It is important to master its main functions in order to conduct operations using this software with a level of proficiency.Here's a breakdown of the MS PowerPoint interface:   

1) Ribbon: The Ribbon is located at the top of the MS PowerPoint window and has several tabs which include Home, Insert, Design, Transitions, etc.

2) Slides pane: Slide pane which is positioned to the far left of the window, is the PowerPoint window. You will see there a collection of your slides examples (thumbnails) which enables you to adjust and customize them with greater ease. The floating pane of the editor lets you not only add, delete, duplicate, but also hide slides from there.

3)   Notes pane : The Notes pane is located below the Slides pane. It provides space for adding speaker notes or additional information related to each slide.    

4)  Slide area : The Slide area occupies the central part of the PowerPoint window. It displays the selected slide, where you can add and arrange content such as text, images, charts, and multimedia elements .    

5)  Task panes : Task panes are additional panels on the PowerPoint window's right side. They offer various functionalities such as formatting options, slide layouts, animations, etc. Task panes can be opened or closed based on your specific needs.   

Understanding the MS PowerPoint interface will help you navigate the software effectively and make the most of its features. Whether you are creating slides, adding content, or applying formatting, having a good grasp of the interface ensures a smooth and productive experience .  

Key Features of PowerPoint  

When it comes to creating captivating and professional presentations, MS PowerPoint stands out as versatile and feature-rich software. Its array of tools and functionalities enables users to bring their imagination and ideas to life. Moreover, it also helps engage their audience effectively .    

From slide templates to multimedia integration, there are various Features of PowerPoint ; let's discuss some of them below.

1) Slide Templates : PowerPoint provides a collection of pre-designed templates that make it easy to create visually appealing slides.   

2)  Slide Master : The Slide Master feature allows users to define the overall layout, font styles, and colour scheme for the entire presentation .   

3)  Animations and transitions : PowerPoint offers various animation effects and slide transitions to add visual interest and captivate the audience .   

4)  Multimedia integration : Users can embed images, videos, and audio files directly into their presentations, enhancing the overall impact .   

5)   Collaboration tools : MS PowerPoint allows multiple users to work on a presentation simultaneously, making it ideal for team projects and remote collaboration .   

6) Presenter View : The Presenter View feature gives presenters access to speaker notes, a timer, and a preview of upcoming slides, enabling a seamless presentation experience .   

These features collectively contribute to PowerPoint's versatility and make it a powerful tool for developing engaging and impactful presentations.  

Take your Microsoft Office skills to the next level – sign up for our Power Apps and Power Automate Training ! 

How to use PowerPoint to create a presentation?   

Creating a presentation in PowerPoint is a straightforward process. Whether it's simple animations or explainer videos learning H ow to use PowerPoint is an extremely valuable skill. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to create a presentation:   

1)  Launch PowerPoint and choose a template or start with a blank slide. 

2)  Add slides by clicking "New Slide" or using the shortcut key (Ctrl + M). 

3) Customise slide content by entering text and inserting visuals.  

4)  Rearrange slides for a logical flow by dragging them in the slide navigation pane.  

5)  Apply slide transitions for visual effects in the "Transitions" tab.  

6)  Add animations to objects in the "Animations" tab.  

7)  Preview your presentation by clicking "Slide Show".   

8)  Save your presentation and choose a format (.pptx or .pdf).  

9)  Share your presentation via email, cloud storage, or collaboration tools.   

By following these steps, you can create a well-structured and visually appealing presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint. Remember to keep your content concise, use engaging visuals, and practice your presentation skills to deliver an impactful presentation .   

Unlock your full potential and optimise your productivity with our comprehensive Microsoft Office 365 Masterclass . Sign up now!  

Benefits of PowerPoint   

PowerPoint is a very popular presentation software and for a good reason. It offers numerous benefits for users, from easy collaboration to ease of use. These are some of the key benefits of PowerPoint.

1) Visual appeal : Microsoft PowerPoint allows you to create visually appealing presentations with its wide range of design tools and features. You can use templates, themes, and customisable layouts to make your slides visually engaging and professional .   

2)  Easy to use : PowerPoint has a user-friendly interface, making it accessible to users of all levels. The intuitive tools and straightforward navigation make it easy to create, edit, and deliver presentations efficiently .   

3)   Flexibility : PowerPoint provides flexibility in terms of content creation. You can include various types of content, such as text, images, charts, graphs, videos, and audio files, to enhance your message and engage your audience effectively.   

4)   Organisation and structure : PowerPoint offers features to help you organise and structure your content. You can create multiple slides, use slide masters for consistent formatting, and arrange the sequence of slides to create a logical flow .   

5)  Presenter tools : PowerPoint includes built-in presenter tools that aid in delivering presentations smoothly. You can use presenter view to see your notes and upcoming slides while your audience sees only the presentation. Additionally, features like slide transitions and animations add visual interest and help you control the flow of information .   

6)  Collaboration and sharing : PowerPoint allows for easy collaboration and sharing of presentations. Several users can simultaneously work on the same presentation, making it convenient for team projects. You can also share your presentations via email, cloud storage, or online platforms, ensuring easy access for viewers .   

7)   Integration with other tools : PowerPoint can seamlessly integrate with other Microsoft Office applications, such as Word and Excel. You can import data and charts from Excel or copy and paste content between different Office applications, saving time and effort .  

8)   Presenter-audience interaction : PowerPoint provides features that facilitate interaction between the presenter and the audience. You can include interactive elements like hyperlinks, buttons, and quizzes to engage your audience and make your presentations more dynamic.   

9)   Portable and accessible : PowerPoint presentations can be saved in various formats, such as .pptx or .pdf, making them easily accessible on different devices. This portability allows you to deliver presentations on laptops, tablets, or even projectors without compatibility issues .   

10)  Time and effort savings : PowerPoint simplifies the process of creating presentations, saving you time and effort. The pre-designed templates, slide layouts, and formatting options enable you to create professional-looking presentations efficiently .   

Tips for Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations   

PowerPoint presentations can be powerful tools for communicating information and engaging an audience. Consider the following PowerPoint Tips to create effective presentations .

1) Simplicity is key : Keep your slides clean and uncluttered. Use concise bullet points and simple visuals to convey your message effectively .   

2)  Visuals matter : Incorporate relevant, high-quality visuals such as images, charts, and diagrams to enhance understanding and engagement .   

3)  Limit text : Avoid overwhelming your audience with excessive text on slides. Use brief phrases or keywords to communicate key points .   

4)  Choose legible fonts : Opt for clear and readable fonts that are easy to read, even from a distance. Maintain consistency in font styles throughout your presentation .   

5)  Consistent design : Maintain a consistent design theme, including colours, fonts, and layout, to create a visually appealing and professional presentation.   

6)  Emphasise important points : Use visual hierarchy techniques, such as font size, colour, and formatting, to draw attention to essential information .   

7)  Use transitions and animations sparingly : Incorporate slide transitions and animations thoughtfully, focusing on enhancing content and transitions without distracting the audience .   

8)  S lide notes for guidance : Utilise the slide notes feature to include additional details, explanations, or reminders for a well-prepared and confident presentation.   

9)  Practice and time yourself : Rehearse your presentation to ensure smooth delivery and stay within the allocated time. Practice helps you refine your content and delivery.   

10)  Engage the audience : Encourage audience participation through interactive elements, questions, or discussions to foster engagement and make your presentation more memorable.   

By implementing these tips, you can create effective MS PowerPoint presentations that capture attention, communicate information clearly, and engage your audience effectively.  

Alternatives to PowerPoint  

Most of you are used to using PowerPoint for your presentation needs since it was the first option available to us through our academics. However, if you wish to check out alternative options to Powerpoint know if they work better for you, here are ten options that is worth a short: 

5) Slidebean

6) Zoho Show 

7) Google Slide 

9) Beautiful.ai

10) Microsoft Sway

Conclusion     

This blog walked you through What is PowerPoint and how it can aid you in curating compelling visual representations of the message you wish to get across. We discussed it features and the process of how you can create presentations on PowerPoint. Now take what you know and run with it explore your options with your templates and building new ones, let your creativity take its course. 

Learn how to create customised slide shows in MS PowerPoint with our Microsoft PowerPoint MO300 Training .  

Frequently Asked Questions

Well, making a presentation can be tricky business. Here are some of the common mistakes people make:

1) Adding too much text! The presentation needs to have brief and simple points you elaborate on in person. 

2) Bad colour schemes for template and font colour. Sometimes the clash of colour may make the text illegible. 

3) Too many elements! Crowding of elements may lose your audience’s attention.   

Yes, you most definitely can! You can use PowerPoint online with a Microsoft Office 360 plug in that allows you to use all Microsoft applications on your browser. 

The Knowledge Academy takes global learning to new heights, offering over 30,000 online courses across 490+ locations in 220 countries. This expansive reach ensures accessibility and convenience for learners worldwide.  

Alongside our diverse Online Course Catalogue, encompassing 17 major categories, we go the extra mile by providing a plethora of free educational Online Resources like News updates, Blogs , videos, webinars, and interview questions. Tailoring learning experiences further, professionals can maximise value with customisable Course Bundles of TKA .   

The Knowledge Academy’s Knowledge Pass , a prepaid voucher, adds another layer of flexibility, allowing course bookings over a 12-month period. Join us on a journey where education knows no bounds. 

The Knowledge Academy offers various Microsoft Excel Training & Certification Course , including Microsoft Excel Masterclass Course, Six Sigma Black belt Microsoft Excel VBA and Macro Training and Excel for Accountants Masterclass Course. These courses cater to different skill levels, providing comprehensive insights into Excel Cheat Sheet: A Beginner's Guide . 

Our Office Applications Blogs covers a range of topics offering valuable resources, best practices, and industry insights. Whether you are a beginner or looking to advance your skills, The Knowledge Academy's diverse courses and informative blogs have you covered.  

Upcoming Office Applications Resources Batches & Dates

Thu 4th Jul 2024

Thu 8th Aug 2024

Thu 5th Sep 2024

Thu 10th Oct 2024

Thu 7th Nov 2024

Thu 5th Dec 2024

Get A Quote

WHO WILL BE FUNDING THE COURSE?

My employer

By submitting your details you agree to be contacted in order to respond to your enquiry

• Business Analysis
• Lean Six Sigma Certification

Share this course

Our biggest spring sale.

We cannot process your enquiry without contacting you, please tick to confirm your consent to us for contacting you about your enquiry.

By submitting your details you agree to be contacted in order to respond to your enquiry.

We may not have the course you’re looking for. If you enquire or give us a call on 01344203999 and speak to our training experts, we may still be able to help with your training requirements.

Or select from our popular topics

• ITIL® Certification
• Scrum Certification
• Change Management Certification
• Business Analysis Courses
• Microsoft Azure Certification
• Microsoft Excel Courses
• Microsoft Project
• Explore more courses

Press esc to close

Fill out your  contact details  below and our training experts will be in touch.

Fill out your   contact details   below

Thank you for your enquiry!

One of our training experts will be in touch shortly to go over your training requirements.

Back to Course Information

Fill out your contact details below so we can get in touch with you regarding your training requirements.

* WHO WILL BE FUNDING THE COURSE?

Preferred Contact Method

No preference

Back to course information

Fill out your  training details  below

Fill out your training details below so we have a better idea of what your training requirements are.

HOW MANY DELEGATES NEED TRAINING?

HOW DO YOU WANT THE COURSE DELIVERED?

Online Instructor-led

Online Self-paced

WHEN WOULD YOU LIKE TO TAKE THIS COURSE?

Next 2 - 4 months

WHAT IS YOUR REASON FOR ENQUIRING?

Looking for some information

Looking for a discount

I want to book but have questions

One of our training experts will be in touch shortly to go overy your training requirements.

Your privacy & cookies!

Like many websites we use cookies. We care about your data and experience, so to give you the best possible experience using our site, we store a very limited amount of your data. Continuing to use this site or clicking “Accept & close” means that you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more about our privacy policy and cookie policy cookie policy .

We use cookies that are essential for our site to work. Please visit our cookie policy for more information. To accept all cookies click 'Accept & close'.

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Meaning of presentation in English

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

presentation noun ( EVENT )

• talk She will give a talk on keeping kids safe on the internet.
• lecture The lecture is entitled "War and the Modern American Presidency."
• presentation We were given a presentation of progress made to date.
• speech You might have to make a speech when you accept the award.
• address He took the oath of office then delivered his inaugural address.
• oration It was to become one of the most famous orations in American history.
• The presentation was a collaborative effort by all the children in the class .
• The charity invited the press to a presentation of its plans for the future .
• The magazine asked its readers to send in their comments about the new style of presentation.
• Jenny's retiring and I think there's going to be a small presentation this afternoon .
• Graduates must be in full academic dress at the presentation of certificates .
• call for papers
• deliver a speech
• maiden speech
• public speaking
• talk at someone

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

presentation noun ( APPEARANCE )

• adverse conditions
• have it in you idiom
• stock-in-trade
• unaffiliated
• undercurrent

presentation | Intermediate English

Presentation | business english, examples of presentation, collocations with presentation, presentation.

These are words often used in combination with presentation .

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

Translations of presentation

Get a quick, free translation!

Word of the Day

dry as a bone

extremely dry

Fakes and forgeries (Things that are not what they seem to be)

Learn more with +Plus

• Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}}
• Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English
• Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus
• Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation
• English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English
• English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English
• English–Dutch Dutch–English
• English–French French–English
• English–German German–English
• English–Indonesian Indonesian–English
• English–Italian Italian–English
• English–Japanese Japanese–English
• English–Norwegian Norwegian–English
• English–Polish Polish–English
• English–Portuguese Portuguese–English
• English–Spanish Spanish–English
• English–Swedish Swedish–English
• Dictionary +Plus Word Lists
• presentation (EVENT)
• presentation (APPEARANCE)
• Intermediate    Noun
• Business    Noun
• Collocations
• Translations
• All translations

To add presentation to a word list please sign up or log in.

Add presentation to one of your lists below, or create a new one.

{{message}}

Something went wrong.

There was a problem sending your report.

• SUGGESTED TOPICS
• The Magazine
• Newsletters
• Managing Yourself
• Managing Teams
• Work-life Balance
• The Big Idea
• Data & Visuals
• Reading Lists
• Case Selections
• HBR Learning
• Topic Feeds
• Account Settings
• Email Preferences

How to Make a “Good” Presentation “Great”

• Guy Kawasaki

Remember: Less is more.

A strong presentation is so much more than information pasted onto a series of slides with fancy backgrounds. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others. Here are some unique elements that make a presentation stand out.

• Fonts: Sans Serif fonts such as Helvetica or Arial are preferred for their clean lines, which make them easy to digest at various sizes and distances. Limit the number of font styles to two: one for headings and another for body text, to avoid visual confusion or distractions.
• Colors: Colors can evoke emotions and highlight critical points, but their overuse can lead to a cluttered and confusing presentation. A limited palette of two to three main colors, complemented by a simple background, can help you draw attention to key elements without overwhelming the audience.
• Pictures: Pictures can communicate complex ideas quickly and memorably but choosing the right images is key. Images or pictures should be big (perhaps 20-25% of the page), bold, and have a clear purpose that complements the slide’s text.
• Layout: Don’t overcrowd your slides with too much information. When in doubt, adhere to the principle of simplicity, and aim for a clean and uncluttered layout with plenty of white space around text and images. Think phrases and bullets, not sentences.

As an intern or early career professional, chances are that you’ll be tasked with making or giving a presentation in the near future. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others.

• Guy Kawasaki is the chief evangelist at Canva and was the former chief evangelist at Apple. Guy is the author of 16 books including Think Remarkable : 9 Paths to Transform Your Life and Make a Difference.

Partner Center

What Is Public Speaking? Why Is It Important? (Definition + Tips)

What is public speaking? In this article, you'll learn what speaking in public is about and the importance of public speaking in business.

If you’ve been asked to give a public speech, you may wonder: what is public speaking and why is public speaking important? Those questions are quite logical if you’ve never thought much about public speaking before.

Public speaking is important in business, education, and the public arena. There are many benefits to speaking in public, whether you’re an individual or a business.

In this article, we’ll define public speaking for you. We’ll discuss the importance of public speaking in general. We’ll also cover the importance of public speaking in business. Plus, we’ll share some resources to help you become a better public speaker. This includes some public speaking examples.

Also, if you want to pursue speaking in public yourself, download our free eBook: The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations . It’ll help you master the complete presentation process.

What Is Public Speaking & Why It’s Important (Quickstart Video)

If you’re reading this, you’re probably asking the question “ what is public speaking “? You may even be faced with the prospect of creating a public speech yourself.

Or maybe you just want to know “ why is public speaking important “? Whatever your situation, we’ve got you covered with this short video that gives a public speaking definition and provides you with some tips to make a better public speech.

To learn even more about public speaking and why it’s important, study the written tutorial below.

A Public Speaking Definition

So what exactly is public speaking? Basically, it’s a presentation that’s given live before an audience. Public speeches can cover a wide variety of different topics. The goal of the speech may be to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners. Often, visual aids in the form of an electronic slideshow are used to supplement the speech. This makes it more interesting to the listeners.

A quality public communication definition should explain how it’s different from an online presentation, which is why we’ll cover it here. Here’s a description of some of the differences:

• A public speaking presentation is different from an online presentation because an online presentation is available any time. A public speech is typically limited to a specific time or place.
• Online presentations often use slideshows or pre-recorded videos of a speaker. (This includes recordings of a live public speaking presentation).

Because speaking in public is done before a live audience, you need to consider some special factors. We’ll touch on those shortly.

Now that you’ve got an understanding of the meaning of public speaking, let’s take a quick look at the history of (and the importance of) public speaking.

A History of Public Speaking

What is the history of public speaking? And why is public speaking important?

There’s a good chance that there’s been public speech, in one form or another, as long as there’ve been people. But most public speaking experts involved with public speaking in business communication trace the origins of modern public speaking back to ancient Greece and Rome.

Of course, those societies didn’t have slideshows, but they did have a need for speaking in public. As a result, they developed public speaking methods that are still studied today.

The ancient Greeks used public speech primarily to praise or persuade others. At one point, all Greek citizens had the right to suggest or oppose laws during their assemblies. This resulted in a need for skilled public speakers. Speaking in public became a desirable skill and was taught. Public speaking in the time of the Greeks was called rhetoric. Later, when Rome came to power, speaking in public was used during the Roman senate sessions. The Romans adopted the public speaking rhetoric methods of the Greeks. In fact, most public speaking teachers of the time were Greek.

The Latin style of public speaking was popular in the U.S. and Europe until the mid-20th century . After World War II, a less formal and more conversational speaking style of speaking became popular. Also, electronic tools became available to enhance public presentations.

Towards the end of the 20th century, electronic tools migrated to the computer. They evolved into the computer software tools, like PowerPoint , that we know and use today.

Don’t be fooled, though. Even though today’s public speeches are less formal, they still need to be well organized. More on that later. Now, let’s take a look at the importance of public speaking.

The Importance of Public Speaking

If you ask most people, they’ll probably say they don’t like public speech. They may even admit to being afraid of it since fear of public speaking is very common. Or they may just be shy or introverted. For those reasons, many people avoid speaking in public if they can. If you’re one of those people who avoid speaking in public, you’re missing out.

You may be wondering, “What is public communication and how can it benefit me?” Over the years, public speaking in communication has played a major role in education, government, and business. Words have the power to inform, persuade, educate, and even entertain. And the spoken word can be even more powerful than the written word in the hands of the right speaker.

Whether you’re a small business owner or a student, you’ll benefit from improving your public speaking skills. Some benefits of speaking in public include:

• improves confidence
• better research skills
• stronger deductive skills
• ability to advocate for causes

Speaking in public is especially important for businesses to market their offers. This allows them to get their message in front of potential customers. Salespeople and executives are often expected to have good public speaking skills. To learn more about some of the benefits of speaking in public, review this article .

Next, let’s explore the methods you can use to become better at speaking in public.

How to Become Better at Public Speaking (5 Quick Tips)

Okay, so now you understand the benefits of public speaking. You might be a little more interested in the topic. Still, you might think it’s not for you. Maybe you gave a speech once and it didn’t go well. Maybe you’re afraid of speaking in public. Or maybe you think you don’t have a natural ability for giving speeches.

The truth is that speaking in public is a skill. And you can learn any skill. While some people may have more natural speaking ability than others, anyone can learn to be a better public speaker. It just takes some know-how and some effort.

To help you become better at giving public speeches, we’ll take a look at these five areas:

• writing the speech
• overcoming a fear of speaking
• practicing the speech
• preparing your presentation slide designs
• giving the speech

We’ll start with writing the speech.

1. Write an Effective Speech

The first thing you’ll want to do is work on writing a well-organized, engaging speech. Even a great speaking voice or a great deal of charisma isn’t enough if your material isn’t any good.

Specifically, it’s crucial to research your audience beforehand so that you can target your speech directly to them as much as possible. Become familiar with their wants and needs, as well as any problems you can solve for them. This will drive the actual topic that you actually select for your speech, as well as how you research it.

The more research you do, the easier writing your speech will be.

2. Overcome the Fear of Speaking

Fear of public speaking is very real and can hold you back if you let it. If you don’t feel confident when giving your speech, your listeners may pick up on that. This can make your presentation less effective.

Fortunately, there are some techniques to help manage the fear of speaking in public. They also help you become more confident.

First, let’s tackle fear of public speaking. If you’ve already written an effective speech, then you’ve already taken an important first step. The more familiar you are with your speech, the less worried you’ll be on presentation day.

Besides knowing your topic well, be sure to practice, practice, practice! And remember that if you do make any mistakes on presentation day, it’ll be less obvious to your audience than you think.

Next, let’s work on improving your confidence.

3. Practice the Speech

Even if you’re not afraid of speaking in public, practice helps you give a more effective speech. If you’re in a rush, you may be tempted to skip practicing your speech to save time. While skipping practice may seem like a good idea, it’s really not.

Practicing your speech improves your public presentation skills. It also increases your familiarity with the presentation. As a result, your speech will go smoothly. You can go over this handy checklist to help you practice your speech.

4. Prepare Your Presentation Slide Designs

Your slide design needs to be on point. You’ll want to make sure it looks professional and is easy to read. Luckily, you can find plenty of modern and professional presentation templates on Envato Elements.

You’ll also want to download The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations eBook now. Download it for FREE with a subscription to the Tuts+ Business Newsletter. Learn how to get your ideas formed into a powerful presentation that’ll move your audience.

Don’t forget to make good use of tools like PowerPoint , Google Slides , or Keynote . The right template for your slide deck can make a huge difference in your presentation.

5. Give the Speech

You’ve written a good speech. You feel more confident about giving a speech in public, and you’ve practiced. You’re ready to actually give the speech. There are some tips and tricks you can use on the day of your speech to make it go more smoothly, though.

Remember, you’re giving a presentation before a live audience at a specific place and time. So, you’ve got some concerns about the speaking venue that those who give online presentations don’t have to worry about.

Some common concerns for public speakers include:

• Will the audience be able to hear me?
• Does the venue have the equipment I need?
• Are there enough seats for all my listeners?

Public Speaking Examples

Public speaking examples are great for learning or improving a new skill. That applies to speaking in public as well. If you get the chance to listen to some top-rated public speakers, you should do it. You can observe how other speakers go about giving their speech. In the process, you’ll improve your own speaking skills.

One great source of recorded public speeches is Ted Talks , which is a series of short presentations on a wide variety of topics. Ted Talks are known for attracting world-class and celebrity speakers. You can find my favorite Ted Talks in this article .

The Best Source for Simple PowerPoint Templates (With Unlimited Use)

Envato Elements is the perfect place to find modern PowerPoint templates . For a single monthly fee, access unlimited downloads of PowerPoint themes, photos, fonts, and other resources to use in your next presentation.

Elements gives you the best bang for your buck. And thanks to the unlimited downloads, you can try out a variety of slide designs as you build out your public speaking PowerPoint presentation.

PowerPoint templates from Envato Elements have plenty of features to help you create a stunning presentation, such as:

• bold text and title slides to capture audience attention
• rich image placeholders to show off photos and videos
• many infographic elements and charts to visualize data
• plenty of customization options to make the template your own

Thanks to these templates, you’ll be able to create a modern, standout presentation to go with your public speech.

5 Modern PowerPoint Templates From Envato Elements

1. minimalism clean powerpoint presentation.

Try this template if you’re looking for a clean and simple PowerPoint slide design. The template features a versatile layout. Use it for any type of presentation or topic. It includes 50+ unique slide designs, tons of customization options, and vector elements. The template was designed in widescreen format.

2. Kaspa PowerPoint Presentation

The Kaspa PowerPoint template has a modern and trendy design. It’s best suited for presentations that need a lot of photos to share information. The template can be customized completely. It comes with slide animations and transitions. The template also includes vector icons.

3. Guava PowerPoint

The Guava PowerPoint has a dramatic, yet elegant design. You’ll notice dark image overlays and elegant typography that makes your message stand out. The template comes with 50+ unique designs, image placeholders, and master slides. It was designed in widescreen resolution.

4. Dauna Minimalist PowerPoint

The Dauna template is another minimalist PowerPoint design. It works well for any type of business presentation. You’ll find 30 unique slides and two color variations. The template comes with image placeholders and plenty of customization options.

5. Pastelize Colorful Business PowerPoint Presentation

If you’re looking for a colorful and bold PowerPoint, the Pastelize template is the perfect choice. The template includes many slide designs, three color variations and color themes, and image placeholders.

Make Great Presentations ( Free PDF eBook Download )

We also have the perfect complement to this tutorial, which will walk you through the complete presentation process. Learn how to write your presentation, design it like a pro, and prepare it to present powerfully.

Download our new eBook: The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations . It’s available for free with a subscription to the Tuts+ Business Newsletter.

What Is Public Speaking? Now You Know! Time to Get Work on Your Next Speech

So what is public communication in terms of what it can do for you, your career, or your business?

In a nutshell, a world of potential! In this article, we defined public speaking and why it’s so important in your business. Hopefully, the public speaking meaning we explored will help dispel any fear you may have.

We discussed a thorough public communication definition so that you can be adequately prepared for your next speech. Besides the public speaking definition, you learned a bit about the history of public speaking and how it evolved to modern standards today.

We also shared some helpful tools to help you learn how to give a public speech and provided you with a source for good public speaking examples that you can learn from.

You should now be ready to grow as a public speaker. Be sure to check out the sleek PowerPoint templates on Envato Elements as you prepare for your next speech. You’ll find a ton of inspiration for your next presentation!

So go ahead. Write that public speech and give it. You’ll be glad you did!

Related Articles

• 35+ Best Startup Pitch Deck Examples + Free PDF downloads

Pitch Deck Examples from 35+ Killer Startups

There’s no single recipe for creating a successful investor pitch deck. Many authors, venture capitalists, startup founders, and evangelists have created different versions of the required content structure for successfully pitching investors. The reality is that different industries, company stages, and round sizes require slightly different approaches to business storytelling.

We’ve compiled a list of the 35 best pitch deck examples from successful startups, accelerator programs, and industry experts (updated to 2024), in the hope that it helps you craft your next investor presentation.

Quick access to our best templates:

• Airbnb Pitch Deck ‍
• The Startup Pitch Deck Template ‍
• Investor Deck Template by 500 Startups ‍
• Investment Proposal ‍
• Uber Pitch Deck ‍
• Business Plan Template ‍ ‍
• Sequoia Capital Pitch Deck ‍
• Doordash Pitch Deck ‍
• Facebook Pitch Deck
• ‍ Ycombinator Pitch Deck Template ‍
• Guy Kawasaki Pitch Deck Template ‍
• Youtube Pitch Deck ‍
• Slidebean Pitch Deck
• ‍ Peloton Pitch Deck
• Go To Market Strategy Template
• Elevator Pitch Deck Template
• Tinder Pitch Deck Template ‍
• WeWork Pitch Deck Template
• Snapchat Pitch Deck Template
• Linkedin Pitch Deck Template
• Lunchbox Pitch Deck Template
• Buffer Pitch Deck
• Cannabis Pitch Deck Template
• Aircall Pitch Deck
• Intercom Pitch Deck Template
• Cryptocurrency Pitch Deck Template
• Copy AI Pitch Deck Template
• Splitwise Pitch Deck Template
• 3 Minute Pitch Deck for Demo Day Template
• Sparkcharge Pitch Deck
• Dwolla Pitch Deck Template
• Evervault Pitch Deck Template
• Vettery Pitch Deck Template
• Dutchie Pitch Deck Template
• Sololearn Pitch Deck Template

100+ pitch deck templates here

These are our best 35+ startup pitch decks:, 1. airbnb pitch deck template.

The Airbnb Pitch Deck is one of the most searched references on the internet, probably because it’s a company so familiar to us all. This is a classic 10-slide Investor Deck template that many startups find useful to fit their startup into. We’ve reimagined the original deck and created our fill-in-the-blank template.

• Industry: Travel, Hospitality, Technology
• Business Model: Online marketplace for lodging and travel experiences
• Amount Raised: $500K Angel Round
• Location: San Francisco, California, USA
• Website: airbnb.com

USE AIRBNB TEMPLATE

2. the startup pitch deck template.

What you should include in your pitch deck is a question that entrepreneurs have been asking themselves for years. The template we created, distilled from benchmarking dozens of venture-backed startups, takes this into account so all users will have more clarity on where their strengths are!

USE STARTUP PITCH DECK TEMPLATE

3. investor deck template by 500 startups.

500 Startups is a leading global venture capital seed fund and startup accelerator headquartered in Silicon Valley with over $350M AUM.

This investor deck template is ideal for initial VCs and Angel Investors. If they ask to see your pitch deck , this is what you want to send.

The outline of the investor deck mainly focuses on your startup's growth metrics and traction.

• Industry: Capital market company
• Website: 500.co

USE INVESTOR DECK TEMPLATE

4. investment proposal template by nextview ventures.

An investment proposal is the driving tool during a meeting with potential investors. This investor deck contains all the information they require. It was created based on the NextView Ventures template.

• Industry: Venture Capital company
• Location: New York, New York, USA
• Website: nextview.vc

USE INVESTMENT TEMPLATE

5. uber pitch deck template.

For the ninth anniversary of the founding of Uber, it's co-founder Garret Camp shared the first slides they created in late 2008. At the beginning, Uber was originally called UberCab, and it has evolved from a simple idea into a major platform that has improved the car service industry.

• Industry: Transportation, Technology
• Business Model: Ride-sharing and food delivery platform
• Amount Raised: $1.3 million
• Website: uber.com

Here you have Uber's 25 slide deck! There's a lot to be learned from their first ever pitch:

USE UBER TEMPLATE

6. business plan template.

The Business Plan is a crucial step in starting your own business because it represents the goals you want to achieve and outlines how they will be accomplished.

USE BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATE

7. sequoia capital pitch deck.

Since Sequoia Capital has quite a reputation for investments, taking a page out of their book makes sense. The slides included in the Sequoia Capital Pitch Deck Template each have a specific purpose that leads them down the path of discovery into your pitch

• Website: sequoiacap.com

Related read : What is a pitch deck presentation

USE SEQUOIA TEMPLATE

8. doordash pitch deck template.

DoorDash is one of the most well-known food delivery companies in the United States right now. The Doordash investor deck is an excellent example of a pitch using traction to back up your business.  

• Industry: Food Delivery, Technology
• Business Model: On-demand food delivery platform
• Amount Raised: $2.4 million
• Website: doordash.com

USE DOORDASH TEMPLATE

9. facebook pitch deck template.

Facebook’s original pitch deck was a media kit containing the company’s value proposition, key metrics, and Online Marketing Services .

At that time, the company wasn’t making any money from The Facebook, so they bet on solid numbers such as user engagement, customer base, and growth metrics.

• Industry: Social Media, Technology
• Business Model: Social networking and advertising platform
• Location: Menlo Park, California, USA
• Website: facebook.com ‍

USE FACEBOOK TEMPLATE

10. ycombinator pitch deck template.

YCombinator came out with a pitch deck template that's not aesthetically pleasing. We get it. They wanted to give you the “blank canvas” so your company branding could shine, but maybe they went too far. In any case, we've taken matters into our own hands and made some style changes for better aesthetics and more functionality. We hope this helps.

• Industry: Startup accelerator company
• Location: Mountain View, California, USA
• Website: ycombinator.com

USE YCOMBINATOR TEMPLATE

11. guy kawasaki pitch deck template.

Guy Kawasaki is a well-known Silicon Valley startup guru. He is the author of several books and was one of the original Apple employees. His 10 pitch deck slides have inspired many, and his 20-minute presentation format will help you get your point across efficiently.

USE GUY KAWASAKI TEMPLATE

12. youtube pitch deck template.

Youtube’s pitch deck was used in 2005 when it had less than 10,000 users. It was actually quite straightforward. They used an elementary version of a 10 slide pitch deck to go up in front of Sequoia Capital for fundraising. Still, the company was able to raise $3.5M in that Series A round November of that year. This cost around 30% of the stakes in the company.

• Industry: Video Streaming, Music, Internet
• Business Model: Ad revenue and user subscriptions.
• Amount Raised: $3.5 million Series A
• Location: San Bruno, California, USA
• Website: youtube.com

USE YOUTUBE TEMPLATE

‍ 13. slidebean pitch deck.

Our slide deck at the 500 Startups demo day was the culmination of 2 startup accelerator processes, hours of rehearsal, and dozens of adjustments thanks to feedback from our mentors. Pitching at a Demo Day event differs from pitching to an investor in a one-on-one meeting.

• Industry: Software, Design, Productivity
• Business Model: Presentation software with design support
• Location: New York City, New York, USA
• Website: slidebean.com

‍ USE SLIDEBEAN TEMPLATE

14. peloton pitch deck template.

Peloton broke the fitness industry with its stationary bike system, which connects users and trainers via the internet. Do you have a business idea for this industry in mind? We recreated the pitch deck Peloton used to raise their Series F.

• Industry: Fitness, Technology
• Business Model: Subscription-based connected fitness platform
• Amount raised: $500 million Series F
• Website: onepeloton.com  

USE PELOTON TEMPLATE

15. go to market strategy template.

The go-to-market strategy is a presentation that details how an organization will place its products in the market to reach maximum penetration and profitability. What is your go-to-market strategy? This template will help you summarize it engagingly!

USE GO TO MARKET TEMPLATE

16. elevator pitch deck template.

This is an elevator pitch deck template designed for initial approaches to investors. Share this template when they ask for your elevator pitch deck. With this template, you can effectively communicate your value proposition, market opportunity, key achievements, and financial projections, aiming to get the investors' curiosity and interest for further discussions.

Use this template

17. tinder pitch deck template.

10 billion matches later, Tinder has changed how people meet around the world. It’s so much more than a dating app. Tinder is a powerful tool for meeting people. Here’s the deck Tinder used in the IAC Hatch Labs Incubator in 2012.

• Industry: Social Media, Dating App
• Business Model: Subscription service, ad revenue
• Amount Raised: Approximately $50 million in total funding
• Location: West Hollywood, California, USA

18. WeWork Pitch Deck Template

WeWork fuels entrepreneurial spirit and corporate success with powerful real estate solutions. Founded in 2010, it has since blossomed into a buzzing global community transforming the way companies do business by providing physical spaces that nurture productivity, well-being, efficiency and growth - all backed up by an impressive $1 billion funding valuation of $10 billion!

• Industry: Real Estate, Coworking, Proptech
• Business Model: Office space rental
• Amount Raised: $42.8 million Series E
• Website: wework.com

GET THIS TEMPLATE

19. snapchat pitch deck template.

The Snapchat Pitch Deck Template helps you create a persuasive presentation inspired by Snapchat's successful pitch to investors. It offers visually engaging slides and a structured format for showcasing your business idea, growth plans, and revenue strategy.

• Industry: Social Media, Messaging, Technology
• Business Model: Photo-based social media
• Amount Raised: Approximately $4.9 billion in total funding
• Location: Venice, California, USA

20. Linkedin Pitch Deck

LinkedIn has skyrocketed to success, becoming the world's largest professional social networking site with a vast population of users growing daily. Reid Hoffman later publicly released his Series B pitch deck, which included advice on how it should be constructed so that other aspiring entrepreneurs would also have insight.

• Industry: Social Media, Networking, Technology
• Business Model: Professional networking site
• Amount Raised: $10 million Series B
• Location: Sunnyvale, California, USA
• Website: linkedin.com

Get this template

21. lunchbox pitch deck template.

With a mission to empower restaurants to compete in an increasingly tech-driven market, Try our Pitch Deck Template inspired by the one they used to raise $2 million in its seed round.

• Industry: Restaurants, Management Software
• Business Model: B2B Restaurant platform
• Amount Raised: $2 million Seed Round
• Website: lunchbox.io

22. Buffer Pitch Deck Template

This is the presentation deck Buffer used to raise $500,000 for their startup, as redesigned by Slidebean. The highlight of this deck is the traction slide, which the founders describe as the critical one for their success.

• Business Model: Social media management platform
• Amount Raised: $500K
• Website: buffer.com

USE BUFFER TEMPLATE

23. cannabis investor pitch deck template.

Leverage our Cannabis Investor Pitch, influenced by the CannaBusinessPlans deck, to effectively showcase the distinctive attributes and growth potential of your cannabis business. Utilize this tailored presentation as a powerful tool to attract essential funding from potential investors

24. Aircall Pitch Deck

A well-designed pitch deck can help an entrepreneur communicate their story in a clear and concise way and can be a key tool in securing funding. However, designing a pitch deck can be a challenge, as it requires distilling complex information into bite-sized chunks and conveying it in an engaging way. That's why we decided to redesign Aircall's pitch deck as an example. We wanted to show how a pitch deck can be both informative and visually appealing.

• Industry: Telecommunications, Technology
• Business Model: Cloud-based phone system and call center software
• Amount Raised: $65 million
• Location: Paris, France, and New York City, USA
• Website: aircall.io

Here's the result from our design challenge:

Use Aircall Template

25. intercom pitch deck template.

The Intercom Pitch Deck Template is your key to crafting a compelling pitch presentation, modeled after Intercom's own successful pitch.

It's your tool to create a persuasive presentation that mirrors Intercom's winning pitch style. This template empowers you to clearly communicate your business vision, product strategy, and growth prospects to potential investors.

• Industry: CRM, Marketing, Automation
• Business Model: B2B SaaS
• Amount Raised: $600K
• Website: intercom.com

26. Cryptocurrency Pitch Deck Template

A cryptocurrency pitch deck is a dynamic presentation outlining the unique attributes of a digital currency project. It showcases use cases, team expertise, and financial projections to attract funding and build investor confidence.

27. Copy AI Pitch Deck Template

Copy.ai offers the convenience of composing emails, website content, and heartfelt love letters. Here's the pitch deck that convinced investors like Wing, Sequoia, and Tiger Global to contribute $11 million in funding.

• Industry: SAI, Copywriting, Automation
• Business Model: SaaS
• Amount Raised: $11 Series A
• Location: Memphis, Tennesee, USA
• Website: copy.ai

28. Splitwise Pitch Deck Template

Splitwise makes it super easy to divvy up bills and expenses among friends or groups with their simple app. Check out our Pitch Deck Template, inspired by Splitwise's $20 million Series A round, to show investors what you're all about and kickstart your journey to success.

• Industry: FinTech, Billing, Personal Finance
• Business Model: Ad revenue, subscription service
• Amount Raised: $20 million Series A
• Location: Providence, Rhode Island, USA
• Website: splitwise.com

29. 3 Minute Pitch Deck for Demo Day Template

Demo days pack together dozens of pitch decks from wildly different companies. Communicating your value prop effectively and concisely is key. This template provides the structure to accomplish pitching your startup in under 3 minutes.

Use 3 Minute Pitch Deck

30. sparkcharge pitch deck.

Sparcharge is a startup that raised $7 million in seed funding, and Slidebean was responsible for writing and designing their pitch deck. The deck was very successful in conveying the company's value proposition and vision, and it helped them to secure funding from top venture capitalists. The design of the deck was clean and professional, and it made use of strong visuals to help tell the company's story. The slides were also easy to navigate, which made it easy for investors to understand the information presented. Overall, the pitch deck was an important part of Sparcharge's success in raising funding , and it served as a great example of the power of a well-designed presentation.

• Industry: Automotive, Energy, Technology
• Business Model: Electric vehicle charging infrastructure
• Amount Raised: $7 million Series A
• Location: Boston, Massachusetts, USA
• Website: sparkcharge.io

Check these Slides

31. dwolla pitch deck template.

Dwolla is advertised as "the best way to move money." 28-year-old Ben Milne has found a way to transfer money from the consumer or merchant to make a payment. This is Dwolla's Pitch Deck.

• Industry: Fintech
• Business Model: SaaS, transaction fees, partnerships
• Amount Raised: $16.5 million, Series C
• Location: Des Moines, Iowa, United States
• Website: dwolla.com

32. Evervault Pitch Deck Template

According to their website, Evervault's mission "is to make data privacy simple and accessible for all" by allowing developers to integrate data privacy in their apps. How did they gain their attention (and money)? Here's the pitch deck that made that happen, as redesigned by Slidebean.

• Industry: Encryption Software
• Business Model: usage-based
• Amount Raised: $3.2 million, Seed Round
• Location: Dublin, Ireland
• Website: evervault.com

Use Evervault template

33. vettery pitch deck template.

Here’s the Vettery pitch deck used to raise $9 million Series A on August 16, 2016, by co-founders Brett Adcock and Adam Goldstein.

• Industry: Hiring marketplace
• Business Model: SaaS, transaction fees
• Amount Raised: $9 million, Series A
• Location: New York, United States
• Website: hired.com

Use Vettery template

34. dutchie pitch deck template.

Dutchie is one of the fastest-growing cannabis companies in the world. They provide e-commerce and point-of-sale solutions for dispensaries across North America.

• Industry: Cannabis
• Business Model: 
• Amount Raised: $35 million Series B 
• Location: Oregon, United States
• Website: business.dutchie.com

Use Dutchie template

35. sololearn pitch deck template.

Sololearn, the Armenia-based instructional coding app, revolutionizes how people learn to code, with interactive lessons and peer-to-peer guidance.

• Industry: Ed-tech startup
• Business Model: Freemium, SaaS, Partnerships
• Amount Raised: $24 million Series B
• Location: San Francisco, California, United States ‍
• Website: sololearn.com

Use Sololearn template

What is a pitch deck.

A pitch deck is usually a simple 10-20 slide presentation designed to help founders raise venture capital.

It should give a brief and compelling presentation of a new business idea that entrepreneurs give to potential investors, customers, or partners. It's a chance for them to showcase their vision, explain their unique value proposition, and demonstrate their growth potential.

To create an effective pitch deck, it's crucial to cover a few key points, such as the problem the startup is addressing, the market opportunity it has identified, the team's expertise, and the execution plan. Moreover, highlighting the competitive advantage and potential return on investment can attract investors' attention and interest.

A successful pitch can lead to funding, partnerships, and growth opportunities. However, crafting one requires in-depth knowledge of the market, audience, and business model, as well as excellent communication and storytelling skills.

What should be in an investor deck presentation?

When creating a pitch deck presentation, it's important to remember that you only have a limited amount of time to capture your audience's attention and persuade them to invest in your company. Your deck should be concise and easy to understand, while still providing enough information to show that your business is worth investing in.

Some key things to include in your pitch deck are an overview of your business, information about your target market and competitors, your product or service, how you plan to make money, and a summary of your team. You should also have a section highlighting the risks and challenges associated with your business, as well as what sets you apart from the competition.

Most authors agree on the following investor pitch deck outline requirements :

• Market Size
• Business Model
• Underlying Magic
• Competition
• Better/Different
• Marketing Plan
• Traction / Milestones

If you're looking for more specific advice on creating a pitch the Slidebean team can guide you through the whole process.

Remember, investors have limited time, so be sure to prioritize key elements like the problem you're solving, your target market, the competitive landscape, your unique value proposition, and your financial projections.

More FAQs about pitch decks:

How to create a great pitch deck.

Your pitch deck is one of the most important tools in your arsenal. If you're pitching your startup idea or product, it's an opportunity to make a lasting impression on potential investors. And while there are many different types of decks out there, the best ones focus on three key points:

1. What problem do you solve?

2. How do you solve that problem?

3. Why should someone invest in you?

The presentation itself shouldn't take longer than 15 minutes, and it should be easy to follow along.

How to design pitch decks for investors?

A pitch deck is an important tool when pitching investors. It helps you present your business idea clearly and concisely, so they understand exactly why their investment will be profitable.

The first step is to create a list of all the things that need to be included in your pitch deck. For example, you may want to include:

- A clear description of your product/service

- An overview of your company's mission statement

- Your target market

- The benefits your product offers

- How much money you expect to raise

- Why your startup is unique

- What are your plans for growth

Once you have created this list, you can begin designing your pitch deck. You'll need to choose a template that best suits your needs. We offer over 100+ different pitch deck templates that can be used as inspiration.

How to write a successful pitch deck?

Mastering the art of creating an irresistible pitch deck can seem like a daunting task, but it shouldn’t. We're here to guide you through the process. First and foremost, you need a compelling narrative that showcases your business idea, market opportunity, and growth potential. Keep your pitch deck concise and visually appealing, with clear, simple language that gets straight to the point.

Now, if you're feeling a bit overwhelmed or simply want to supercharge your pitch deck, Slidebean's Agency Team is here to save the day. Our seasoned experts have a proven track record of helping companies raise more than $300 million in funds, and they're eager to help you reach the same heights. From crafting a compelling narrative to designing stunning visuals that captivate investors, our Agency Team will work with you every step of the way to create a pitch deck that not only looks great but also delivers results. With Slidebean by your side, you can focus on what you do best - building your business - while we take care of the rest.

Pitch Deck Presentation Service

Slidebean provides a premium service for startups, entrepreneurs, investors, and creatives who want to make better presentations. Our team of experts designs amazing slide decks every week. We want your audience to understand what you do and why you do it. If you want to start a new project, you can do it here: Slidebean Presentation Design Service

Besides the pitch deck examples we shared here, we have created, curated and redesigned several investor deck and set them as templates on our platform. Our presentation templates provide a fill-in-the-blank outline that can kick start your presentation workflow. Create a pitch deck that gets you funded. Browse templates from the most successful startups on the planet. Check them all here.

Get 100+ Templates

What is the goal of a company pitch deck.

The main goal of a company pitch decks is to:

- Attract investment from potential investors. - Clearly explain what the company does and why it's valuable. - Build trust in the team and business strategy. - Show the market opportunity and growth potential. - Highlight achievements and progress. - Present financial projections. - Request a specific amount of funding. - Spark interest for further discussions.

How much does it cost to make a pitch deck?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the cost of making a pitch deck will vary depending on the level of detail and complexity involved. However, on average, you can expect to pay around $1,200-$6,000 for a high-quality investor deck. You can check Slidebean's prices here.

What is a Demo day?

A demo day refers to an event where entrepreneurs and startups showcase their products or services to potential investors, industry experts, and the general public. It is typically organized by incubators, accelerators, or venture capital firms to provide a platform for startups to present their business ideas, prototypes, or early-stage products.

During a demo day, each participating startup is given a specific amount of time, usually ranging from a few minutes to around 10 minutes, to deliver a presentation or pitch. The objective is to captivate the audience, generate interest in their venture, and attract potential investors or partners.

The text you provided highlights some key considerations when preparing for a demo day presentation versus a pitch deck presentation. For a demo day, the emphasis is on delivering a visually appealing presentation with minimal text. Since the audience may be seated at a distance, it is important to focus on visual elements that can be easily seen and understood. The presenter plays a crucial role in conveying the information and engaging the audience.

In contrast, a pitch presentation that is intended to be emailed should be self-explanatory, as it may be viewed on a laptop monitor where smaller fonts can be read comfortably. It is beneficial to track the recipient's activity on the presentation, such as whether they have read all the slides, as this information can inform the frequency of follow-up emails and help gauge their level of interest.

These considerations and tools for tracking viewer engagement are particularly valuable when seeking investment opportunities. Startups can utilize pitch deck platforms that offer features to monitor investor activity, which can play a critical role in securing funding.

Create beautiful and simple pitch decks with Slidebean

Unlock your full pitching potential with Slidebean! Say goodbye to design headaches and hello to a seamless experience focused on your pitch content. With customizable templates, stunning visuals, and automated formatting, Slidebean ensures your pitch deck stands out from the competition. Don't waste another minute wrestling with design software. Try Slidebean now and take your pitches to the next level!

START YOUR PITCH DECK

Popular articles.

Pitch Deck Structure: What Investors Want To See

Financial Modeling Explained: What is Driver-Based Planning?

Upcoming events, how to close a funding round, explore related posts.

The 3 Key Pitch Deck Components

Pitch Deck Slides: A Complete Guide

What is a Pitch Deck: Meaning, Example, and Guide

Get started with slidebean.

Lesson Plan

June 17, 2024, 6:05 a.m.

Lesson plan: History of Juneteenth and why it became a national holiday

A Juneteenth celebration in Richmond, Virginia, 1905. Library of Congress

This lesson was originally published on June 16, 2021, and was updated on June 16, 2024.

For a Google version of this lesson plan, click here . (Note: you will need to make a copy of the document to edit it).

In this lesson, students will explore and discuss the history and context around the Juneteenth holiday in the United States. Topics explored will include the history of racial injustice in the U.S., the Civil War and the limitations of the Emancipation Proclamation. Additionally, students will be encouraged to explore the modern significance of Juneteenth and its long-term impact.

Estimated time

One 50-60 minute class period

Grade Level

Grades 6-12

On June 15, 2021, the Senate unanimously approved a bill approving June 19 as a federal holiday for “Juneteenth National Independence Day.” The House passed the bill one day later. Still, many Americans are still unaware of the history and significance of June 19.

On Jan. 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring “that all persons held as slaves” in the Confederacy “shall be free.” While this may have freed some enslaved people on paper, the reality was much more complicated.

Source: PBS NewsHour via Associated Press

For instance, the Emancipation Proclamation only freed those slaves held under the Confederacy, not in border states loyal to the Union, including Kentucky, West Virginia and Delaware, where slavery was still legal after the Emancipation Proclamation. In fact, slavery was still legal in Kentucky until Dec. 1865, when the 13th Amendment was passed, though Kentucky voted against ratifying the amendment.

Confederate states and slaveholders also resisted emancipation, and many people remained enslaved in Confederate states after the proclamation, even as many enslaved people fought for their freedom or escaped behind Union lines. On June 19, 1865, Major General Gordon Granger of the Union issued an order in Galveston, Texas, alerting all enslaved persons that they were legally free.

At this point in 1865, Texas was the westernmost state in America and one of the last Confederate states to be occupied by the Union. Many slaveholders had fled Union advances in other parts of the South to Texas, along with the people they had enslaved.

While it took time for the logistics of “freeing” enslaved people to come into effect, the importance of June 19, or “Juneteenth” lived on. Considering how complicated emancipation was, many dates were considered for holding celebrations of emancipation, but over 150 years later, June 19 remains.

What originally was a holiday mainly observed by Texans has grown to be recognized all over the country. Each year on “Juneteenth,” (or more formally Juneteenth National Freedom Day), communities all around the United States gather and celebrate and reflect on the history of slavery and struggle for civil rights and equality, including the work that still remains after conditional advances such as the Emancipation Proclamation.

Warm up activity

As a class, watch the BrainPop video (8 minutes) below found here introducing Juneteenth. While watching the video, answer the following discussion questions.

Source: BrainPop

Discussion questions:

• What is “Juneteenth”? What does it celebrate?
• Why did it take so long for enslaved peoples in Texas to finally be free? What obstacles existed?
• What were some of the forms of discrimination against newly freed people mentioned in the video?
• What is the Great Migration?
• How did Juneteenth become a national, not just regional, celebration?

After watching the video, separate into groups of 3-4 to discuss the focus questions (5 minutes).

Main activities:

• Why was June 19th chosen as the date to celebrate the freedom of all Americans? What were some of the drawbacks to other dates? Can you make an argument for why you think a different date might have been better and/or worse?
• Gates describes several reasons why Juneteenth struggled to be remembered at times, and why it was able to endure. Compare and contrast what the BrainPop video included as reasons why Juneteenth struggled and endured with what Gate’s emphasizes. What do you think were the most important factors in Juneteenth’s momentum and remembrance continuing?
• “When did they start recognizing Juneteenth, if at all?”
• “What was the process of Juneteenth becoming a holiday in my state?”
• If Juneteenth isn’t recognized in your state, see if you can answer, “Why is Juneteenth not recognized?”
• This search engine for state and local government websites
• The Library of Congress

Additional activities

• Brainstorm or plan a Juneteenth celebration activity. This can be decorating a common area, bringing in a relevant local speaker or planning a refreshment break for your school. Juneteenth celebrations can be in the home, at school or in community locations. For more inspiration see these resources:
• “ How to Celebrate ” from Juneteenth.com
• See how others are celebrating Juneteenth on Twitter .
• Some activists feel ambivalent about Juneteenth becoming a national holiday, or reject the idea. To learn more about the nuances surrounding making Juneteenth a federal holiday, watch this NewsHour interview with Dr. Mark Anthony Neal recorded in 2020 amid the George Floyd protests.

• The day now known as Juneteenth was formally recognized as a national holiday in 2021, due in large part to the activism of retired teacher Opal Lee. Learn more about Lee's activism and the message of Juneteenth in this NewsHour interview with Opal Lee.

If classrooms finish and plan a celebratory activity, please share your ideas with us on social media @NewsHourEXTRA on Twitter.

This lesson was written by Cecilia Curran, NewsHour Classroom intern, while she was a rising sophomore at Amherst College. This lesson was edited by NewsHour Classroom's education producer and former history teacher Vic Pasquantonio.

Fill out this form to share your thoughts on Classroom’s resources. Sign up for NewsHour Classroom’s ready-to-go Daily News Lessons delivered to your inbox each morning.

Recent Lesson Plans

Lesson Plan: Political Parties: Two is Company, Three’s a Crowd

The Founders did not intend to create a two-party system and yet that is exactly what has thrived in American history. But what about the role of third-party candidates?

Lesson Plan: Using robotics to support rural communities

A short project-based lesson that weaves arts & sciences together

Lesson plan: Watergate and the limits of presidential power

On August 9, 1974, President Richard M. Nixon resigned from the Oval Office. Use this resource to teach young people about this period in U.S. history.

How2Internet: Use media literacy skills to navigate the misinformation highway

Learn to produce a fact-check video using media literacy skills

• government-civics
• social-studies
• social-issues
• news-media-literacy
• lesson plan

SUPPORTED BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY:

Copyright © 2023 NewsHour Production LLC. All Rights Reserved

Illustrations by Annamaria Ward

• Case report
• Open access
• Published: 15 June 2024

An incidental finding of a hemoglobin E variant in a diabetic patient with an abnormal glycated hemoglobin level: a case report

• Rashmi Karki 1   na1 ,
• Samir Lamichhane   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-0767 2   na1 ,
• Runa Jha 1 &
• Rekha Manandhar 1   na1  

Journal of Medical Case Reports volume  18 , Article number:  279 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

479 Accesses

1 Altmetric

Metrics details

Glycated hemoglobin is a well-known marker for evaluating long-term glycemic control. However, the accuracy of glycated hemoglobin measurement can be affected by the presence of hemoglobin variants, which makes the determination and interpretation of glycated hemoglobin values in terms of glycemic control not only difficult but also misleading. Here we present the first ever case of a patient with type 2 diabetes with hemoglobin E from Nepal, diagnosed incidentally because of spurious glycated hemoglobin levels.

Case presentation

A 45-year-old Hindu Mongolian female with a history of type 2 diabetes for around 9 years but not very compliant with follow-ups was referred to our facility for plasma fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin. Fasting and postprandial blood sugars were found to be high. A consistent very low glycated hemoglobin by two different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods compelled us to call the patient for a detailed clinical history and for the records of investigations done in the past. The patient has been a known case of type 2 diabetes for around 9 years and presented irregularly for follow-up visits. Around 4 years ago, she presented to a healthcare facility with fatigue, severe headaches, pain in the abdomen, discomfort, and dizziness for a couple of months, where she was shown to have high blood glucose. She was referred to a tertiary-level hospital in Kathmandu, where she was prescribed metformin 500 mg once daily (OD). Due to her abnormal hemoglobin A1c reports, she was then sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for repeat investigations. Her blood and urine investigations were sent. Complete blood count findings revealed high red blood cell and white blood cell counts, a low mean corpuscular volume, and a high red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation. Other parameters, including serum electrolytes, renal function tests, liver function tests, and urine routine examinations, were within normal limits. A peripheral blood smear revealed microcytic hypochromic red cells with some target cells. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a very high percentage of hemoglobin E, a very low percentage of hemoglobin A2, and normal proportions of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F. A diagnosis of homozygous hemoglobin E was made, and family screening was advised.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware of the limitations of glycated hemoglobin estimation by ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in patients with hemoglobin E and other hemoglobin variants. If the clinical impression and glycated hemoglobin test results do not match, glycated hemoglobin values should be determined with a second method based on a different principle, and glycemic status should be confirmed through alternative investigations, preferably those that are not influenced by the presence of hemoglobin variants (for example, boronate affinity chromatography, fructosamine test, glycated albumin test, the oral glucose tolerance test, continuous glucose monitoring, etc.). Consistent or even doubtful results should also raise the suspicion of a hemoglobin variant, which should be confirmed through further evaluation and investigations.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), initially identified as “unusual” hemoglobin in patients with diabetes over half a century ago [ 1 ], has now become a well-known marker of long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus [ 2 ], reflecting an average blood glucose level over a period of around 3 months. Glycemic control being an important factor for the progression to long-term complications, HbA1c strongly correlates with the risk of developing chronic complications associated with diabetes as well [ 3 ]; hence, it has become not only a diagnostic tool but also a screening tool for individuals at risk of diabetes [ 4 ]. However, the accuracy of HbA1c measurement can be affected by various factors such as erythropoiesis, glycation, erythrocyte destruction, and the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) variants [ 5 ], which makes the determination and interpretation of HbA1c values in terms of glycemic control not only difficult but also misleading [ 6 ]. Here, we present a case of a variant of Hb, the HbE, diagnosed incidentally in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus suspected initially because of repeated abnormal HbA1c levels detected with an ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hence subjected to further investigations by Hb capillary electrophoresis to confirm the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first ever incidentally diagnosed case of HbE in a patient with type 2 diabetes from Nepal, all because of spurious HbA1c levels.

A 45-year-old Hindu Mongolian female, with a history of type 2 diabetes for 9 years and under medication for the last 4 months, visited the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Teku, to test for plasma fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and HbA1c.

We tested HbA1c by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Biorad VARIANT II, which showed HbA1c to be only 1.1% (Fig.  1 ). The control test run for the day was within range. Fasting and postprandial blood sugars were found to be 173 mg/dL and 280 mg/dL, respectively. The patient sample was rechecked with HPLC TOSO 7234X, which showed HbA1c of 2.1%. In view of this, the patient was contacted and advised to have a complete blood count (CBC) and hemoglobin electrophoresis. We took a detailed history of the patient and requested the records of investigations done in the past.

HbA1c detection by HPLC

According to the patient, she was apparently well around 9 years ago (the patient herself was not sure about the exact date) when she started developing increased urination, increased thirst, weakness, and occasional dizziness for a couple of months. She then visited a local health care facility near her hometown, where she was examined and sent for some blood and urine investigations (she has misplaced the lab reports, or probably lost them, according to her). According to her, she was told that she has high blood sugar levels and was advised to make some lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and increasing physical activities. She was also prescribed medication (she has no records of the medications prescribed then) and was asked to follow up in the next 3 months. Thereafter, she was doing fine with no complaints for a couple of years, and she never followed up with any healthcare facility until around 3–4 years ago (May 2020), when she presented herself to a healthcare facility in Kathmandu city with complaints of fatigue, severe headaches, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, and occasional dizziness and a feeling of lightheadedness for a couple of months. She also complained of weakness and decreased tolerance for physical activity. Physical examination was unremarkable, and laboratory investigations revealed high blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels (fasting blood glucose: 175 mg/dL; postprandial blood glucose: 193 mg/dL; serum triglyceride: 290 mg/dL). Other investigations were within normal limits (Table  1 ).

With these reports, she was referred to a tertiary-level hospital in Kathmandu. On 1 January 2021, she visited Shree Birendra Hospital (a tertiary-level hospital in Kathmandu), where she was further evaluated. At this time, she also admitted having a history of a slight decrease in vision for the last few months and was evaluated for any eye findings. Apart from a slightly presbyopic finding, everything else was normal. Intraocular pressure was within normal limits. There were no findings suggestive of diabetic retinopathy. The fundus examination was normal. Further lab workup findings revealed the following: TLC: 11,660 cells/mcL; Differential Count (DC): Neutrophils  = 76, Lymphocytes = 17, Monocytes = 5, Eosinophils = 1, Basophils = 1; MCV: 64.4 fL; MCH: 21.9 pg; RDW-SD: 36.1 fL; RDW-CV: 17.3 fL; postprandial (PP) blood glucose (two hours after taking a meal): 294 mg/dL; and HbA1c: 2.1%. Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen and pelvis showed a bulky uterus. All other investigations were within normal limits (Table  1 ).

She was prescribed metformin 500 mg OD and advised to make lifestyle modifications once again. She was then referred to the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), the central reference laboratory in Nepal, for repeat investigations to confirm the abnormal HbA1c reports and for all other relevant investigations. On arrival at NPHL (21 January 2021), she was thoroughly interviewed for a detailed medical history. She was a nonvegetarian, and she did not smoke tobacco or consume alcohol. She had never received a blood transfusion before. Apart from the metformin prescribed earlier, she was not on any other medications. There was no family history of low hemoglobin levels or blood transfusions. There was no other significant medical history in any of her family members, as far as the patient could remember. She gave a history of iron supplementation a long time ago (around 9 years ago when she first presented to a healthcare facility) for around 3 months but not thereafter. She denies any history of any means of blood loss. She has been married for around 25 years and has two kids (elder son: 23 years old, younger daughter: 21 years old). Physical examination was unremarkable and provided the following data: height: 5 feet; weight: 68 kg; body mass index (BMI): 29.3. Laboratory investigations are as follows:

CBC findings revealed hemoglobin of 13.6 g/dL, RBC of 6.2 × 10 6 cells/mcL, total leucocyte counts of 13,700 cells/mcL ( N  = 77, L = 18, M = 4, E = 1, B = 0), platelet count of 2.8 × 10 5 cells/mcL, and packed cell volume (PCV) of 42.1%. Red cell indices included mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and RDW-CV%, which were found to be 67 fL, 21.7 pg, 32.3 g/dL, and 17.9%, respectively. All other investigations were within normal limits (Table  1 ).

The ultrasonography (USG) report of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a bulky uterus and was otherwise unremarkable.

Hb electrophoresis was performed in the SEBIA MINICAP FLEX PIERCING electrophoretogram, which showed 93.2% HbE, 2.4% HbA2, 2.9% HbF, and 1.5% HbA (Fig.  2 ). A peripheral blood smear revealed microcytic hypochromic red cells with some target cells. White blood cell (WBC) and platelet morphology seem to have no abnormalities.

Detection of HbE by capillary electrophoresis

On the basis od these findings, a diagnosis of homozygous HbE was made, and family screening was advised.

Discussion and conclusion

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), an effective and objective retrospective marker reflecting an average blood glucose level over a period of around 3 months, has now become a well-known indicator of long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. However, there are various factors that may influence and falsely alter the level of HbA1c and its measurement and hence need to be considered in patients with abnormal readings.

HbA1c levels seem to inversely correlate with the rate of erythropoiesis, and hence factors that decrease the rate of erythropoiesis (including iron, vitamin B 12 , and folate deficiency) and/or increase erythrocyte life span (for example, due to splenectomy) falsely increase the level of HbA1c. Conversely, administration of erythropoietin, iron, and vitamin B 12 and conditions associated with reticulocytosis and decreased erythrocyte lifespan (for example, splenomegaly or even pregnancy) tend to falsely decrease the level of HbA1c [ 1 , 7 ]. There has been evidence of a false increase in HbA1c in cases of alcoholism and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well, possibly through the same mechanism (alcohol interferes with folate metabolism, and patients with CKD have decreased erythropoietin levels) [ 1 , 7 , 8 ]. Several other conditions, for example, hyperbilirubinemia, carbamylated hemoglobin, chronic opiate use, etc., are also seen to be associated with a high HbA1c level [ 1 ]. However, chronic liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertriglyceridemia, and even the use of drugs such as ribavirin and dapsone have been shown to be associated with decreased HbA1c [ 1 , 7 , 9 , 10 ]. Genetic or chemical alterations in hemoglobin undoubtedly have some associations with HbA1c, and hence certain hemoglobinopathies, including the HbE disease, the presence of HbF, and methemoglobinemia, may also alter the level of HbA1c [ 1 , 7 , 11 ]. Here we discuss the presence of HbE and the misleading value of HbA1c levels.

Hemoglobin E, a variant hemoglobin, is characterized by a mutation in the β globin gene ( HBB gene) causing substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at position 26 of the β globin chain, resulting in a heterogeneous group of disorders whose phenotypes range from asymptomatic to severe disease [ 12 , 13 ]. HbE trait and HbEE are mild disorders, while a combination of HbE with other forms of hemoglobinopathies does exist that can have a markedly different and more serious clinical course, producing a wide range of clinical syndromes of varying severity [ 13 , 14 ]. The heterozygous form of HbE is usually characterized by minimal red cell morphological abnormalities and normal red cell indices, while homozygotes for HbE can have red cells with significant morphological abnormalities, including increased numbers of target cells, and can present with mild microcytic hypochromic anemia [ 14 ].

Despite advances in the standardization of methods for glycohemoglobins, including HbA1c, an increasing number of hemoglobinopathies have been shown to interfere with the accurate measurements and determination of these glycohemoglobins. Even the most commonly used methods, that is, the HPLC methods for HbA1c determination, lacked the resolution necessary to differentiate hemoglobin variants [ 6 ]. The demonstration of additional peaks in the chromatograms and either too low or too high values of HbA1c has been shown as compared with the nondiabetic reference range in different types of hemoglobinopathies [ 15 ].

Patients homozygous for HbE, that is, those receiving mutated genes from both parents, have a very low HbA level, with around 80% of Hb being HbE itself. The mutation associated with HbE tends to alter the ionic charges on Hb and hence interferes with the measurement of HbA1c via the ion-exchange HPLC method, especially in homozygous cases [ 16 , 17 ]. Unique mutation(s) on the N-terminal of β-globin in some hemoglobinopathies such as the Hb Graz and the Hb Long Island variants also seem to cause inappropriately high and low apparent HbA1c titers via HPLC methods. However, estimations with the boronate affinity technique and the immunoassay technique seem to be unaffected. The boronate affinity method has shown values in an acceptable and clinically reasonable range for all hemoglobin variants, as evidenced by several studies [ 18 , 19 ]. In fact, affinity methods have already been suggested as an acceptable and more useful method for reflecting glycemic control because they mainly measure glycohemoglobin regardless of the glycation site and hence may be clinically more accurate [ 15 ]. Studies have shown that results from the HbA1c immunoassays were also comparable to those from HPLC assays, showing good correlation, appropriate precision, and low bias [ 20 ]. Immunoassays utilizing various antibodies raised against specific epitopes of hemoglobin, for example, the Amadori product of glucose plus the first eight amino acids on the N-terminal end of the beta chain of hemoglobin, and many more, have shown good correlation with established methods for estimating glycohemoglobin [ 21 ]. However, as the quality of an immunoassay typically depends on the specificity of the antibody to the specific epitope on HbA, specific mutations altering the common epitopes used for the assays will hinder the accuracy of the test. One such example includes the hemoglobin variant with mutations affecting or altering the epitope at the N-terminal chain. The mutation seems to affect the ability of the monoclonal antibody that is used in the assay to detect hemoglobin [ 22 ]. Some uncommonly occurring variants that span the commonly used epitope include HbE and HbD (Los Angeles), where mutations occur at β26 and β121, respectively. There are some other evidences/studies that have reported that immunoassays have been shown to produce false HbA1c results in certain Hb variants [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Hence, choosing a method where the antibody epitope does not span the specific area in the Hb variant is crucial. However, it is not practical or even feasible to produce several specific antibodies (according to the individual patient) at each facility, and hence understanding the effects of such hemoglobinopathies while estimating the glycohemoglobins is crucial. To be precise, the effect of various hemoglobinopathies on HbA1c measurements is highly method-dependent. So, it is always better to be correlated clinically, and whenever the HbA1c results do not fit the clinical picture, some additional peaks in HPLC chromatograms are displayed, or any such doubtful scenario has been presented, it should not be ignored, and further investigations are advisable. Glycemic status over a short period of time (1–3 weeks) can also be reflected by the fructosamine test. Some researchers have therefore recommended confirmation with the fructosamine test or the glycated albumin test as an alternative [ 14 , 24 , 27 , 28 ]. Fructosamine results depend on the glycation of serum proteins and are not influenced by hemoglobin variants [ 19 ]. However, falsely low levels may occur in patients with hypoalbuminemia, for example, in patients with nephrotic syndrome or severe liver disease [ 29 ]. The glycated albumin test, reported as a percentage of total albumin, also reflects short-term glycemic status, typically over the preceding 2–3 weeks, and is not influenced by situations that falsely alter A1C levels [ 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, the tests that rely purely on blood glucose levels, including the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and even continuous glucose monitoring, could possibly be the ones that are least affected by various factors, as discussed earlier. The OGTT is advocated for screening and diagnosis, and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels is advised for management during pregnancy [ 29 ]. Continuous glucose monitoring for up to 5 days has also been shown to correlate well with HbA1c levels [ 29 ].

The mutations associated with hemoglobin E disease are primarily seen to be prevalent in the eastern half of the Indian subcontinent and throughout Southeast Asia [ 12 , 23 ]. In 1954, Chernoff and colleagues first described that it has occurred in conjunction with β thalassemia, in which case it presents with a severe form of the disease known as the compound heterozygosity for hemoglobin E/β thalassemia [ 24 ], and since then several other cases have been reported from several parts of Southeast Asia [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 31 ]. Cases have been reported from some parts of Nepal, as well, but to our knowledge, this case report is the first ever report of an incidentally diagnosed HbE variant in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepal.

Several studies have evidenced and reported that various hemoglobinopathies, including HbE disease, interfere with accurate measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin, including HbA1c. A study conducted on the prevalence of hemoglobin variants and their effect on HbA1c measurement among the indigenous population of north Bengal showed Hb variants to have a significant effect on HbA1c measurement [ 32 ]. A clinically silent and very rare hemoglobinopathy, hemoglobin Himeji, has been reported in a Portuguese patient with diabetes with a discrepancy between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c [ 33 ]. Yet another case series of two female Malay patients with HbJ, an Hb variant, showed persistently high HbA1c levels despite good glycemic control [ 34 ].

Because of the local occurrence of Hb variants and the ethnic origin of a given population, every individual laboratory must establish and validate its own assay method. Also, while managing patients with diabetes, knowledge of hemoglobinopathies influencing HbA1c determination methods is essential. Moreover, in populations with a high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies, hemoglobin typing should be considered basic information prior to HbA1c measurement, as suggested by some other studies, as well [ 35 ].

Hence, to conclude, clinicians should be aware of this limitation of HbA1c estimation by ion-exchange HPLC in patients with HbE and other Hb variants, though HPLC has been an important and one of the most commonly used modalities [ 26 ], among the several others such as immunoassay techniques, boronate affinity chromatography, etc., to detect it [ 18 ]. If the clinical impression and HbA1c test results do not match, then HbA1c values should be determined with a second method based on a different principle and confirmation of the glycemic status through alternative investigations. The boronate affinity method has been shown to be clinically reasonable for all hemoglobin variants. Similarly, the fructosamine test and the glycated albumin test could also be used as alternatives, as they are also not influenced by the presence of hemoglobin variants. The OGTT and continuous glucose monitoring can obviously be other reliable alternatives, though they have their own disadvantages, such as the fact that they will not reflect glycemic control over a longer period of time, as does the HbA1c, and need repeated measurements. Moreover, an abnormal HbA1c level in a diabetic patient or any other subject during routine evaluation or screening for diabetes could raise the suspicion of an Hb variant. Therefore, physicians and especially endocrinologists should take this fact into account and immediately seek further evaluation and investigations to confirm the diagnosis of Hb variants in such patients and advise the patients to screen their family members.

Availability of data and materials

Data and other materials can be made available if required.

Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation. Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. 2011.

Campbell L, Pepper T, Shipman K. HbA1c: a review of non-glycaemic variables. J Clin Pathol. 2019;72(1):12–9.

Article   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837–53.

Article   Google Scholar  

Lim WY, et al . Screening for diabetes with HbA1c: test performance of HbA1c compared to fasting plasma glucose among Chinese, Malay and Indian community residents in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12419.

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Nureslyna SI, et al . Percentage of haemoglobin variants detected during HbA1c analysis in hospital Kuala Lumpur. Malays J Med Health Sci. 2013;9(2):13–7.

Google Scholar  

Schnedl WJ, et al . Evaluation of HbA1c determination methods in patients with hemoglobinopathies. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(3):339–44.

Chen Z, et al . Interpretation of HbA1c lies at the intersection of analytical methodology, clinical biochemistry and hematology (review). Exp Ther Med. 2022;24(6):707.

Article   CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Bloomgarden Z, Handelsman Y. How does CKD affect HbA1c? J Diabetes. 2018;10(4):270.

Sehrawat T, et al . Utility and limitations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with liver cirrhosis as compared with oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(1):243–51.

Lewis D, et al . Glycosylated haemoglobin in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983;42(2):238–9.

Rhea JM, Molinaro R. Pathology consultation on HbA(1c) methods and interferences. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;141(1):5–16.

Bachir D, Galacteros F. Hemoglobin E disease. Orphanet Encyclopedia. 2004.

Braunstein EM. Hemoglobin E disease. Merck Manual. 2017.

Fucharoen S, Weatherall DJ. The hemoglobin E thalassemias. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(8): a011734.

Eckfeldt JH, Bruns DE. Another step toward standardization of methods for measuring hemoglobin A1c. Clin Chem. 1997;43(10):1811–3.

Musalmah M, et al . Effect of hemoglobin E on glycosylated hemoglobin determinations using different commercial kits. Med J Malaysia. 2000;55(3):352–6.

CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Chen Y, et al . Influence and analysis of seven kinds of hemoglobin variants on HbA1c detection. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi. 2014;94(6):438–41.

Little RR, Roberts WL. A review of variant hemoglobins interfering with hemoglobin A1c measurement. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(3):446–51.

Paisooksantivatana K, et al . Influence of hemoglobin E on measurement of hemoglobin A1c by immunoassays. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;83(3):e84–5.

Guadalupe Vargas M, et al . Assessment of two glycated hemoglobin immunoassays. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2020;67(5):297–303.

John WG, et al . Enzyme immunoassay—a new technique for estimating hemoglobin A1c. Clin Chem. 1993;39(4):663–6.

Watanabe T, et al . A nondiabetic case of hemoglobin variant (Hb Niigata) with inappropriately high and low HbA1c titers detected by different methods. Clin Chem. 1998;44(7):1562–4.

Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB. Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(8):704–12.

CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Chernoff AI, et al . Studies on hemoglobin E. I. The clinical, hematologic, and genetic characteristics of the hemoglobin E syndromes. J Lab Clin Med. 1956;47(3):455–89.

Minnich V, et al . Mediterranean anemia: a study of thirty-two cases in Thailand. Blood. 1954;9(1):1–23.

Yedla N, Kuchay MS, Mithal A. Hemoglobin E disease and glycosylated hemoglobin. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(5):683–5.

Olivieri NF, Pakbaz Z, Vichinsky E. Hb E/beta-thalassaemia: a common and clinically diverse disorder. Indian J Med Res. 2011;134(4):522–31.

Ribeiro RT, Macedo MP, Raposo JF. HbA1c, fructosamine, and glycated albumin in the detection of dysglycaemic conditions. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2016;12(1):14–9.

Mahabeer S. HbA1c measurement and assay interferences. Pathologists Lancet Laboratories, newsletter; 4th quarter. 2018.

Freitas PAC, Ehlert LR, Camargo JL. Glycated albumin: a potential biomarker in diabetes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(3):296–304.

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Premawardhena A, et al . Haemoglobin E beta thalassaemia in Sri Lanka. Lancet. 2005;366(9495):1467–70.

Roy S, et al . Prevalence of hemoglobin variants and their effect on Hba1c measurement among the indigenous population of north Bengal attending a tertiary care hospital. Asian J Med Sci. 2022;13(6):90–5.

Guedes V, et al . Hemoglobin Himeji and inconsistent hemoglobin A1c values: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2017;11(1):201.

Wan Nik W, et al . Significantly high HbA(1c) in diabetic patient with Hb J: Case Report. Oman Med J. 2022;37(4): e393.

Mitchai M, et al . Misleading HbA1c measurement in diabetic patients with hemoglobin variants. Med Sci (Basel). 2021;9(2):43.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Author information

Rashmi Karki, Samir Lamichhane, and Rekha Manandhar have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, Nepal

Rashmi Karki, Runa Jha & Rekha Manandhar

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus (MMC), Institute of Medicine (IOM), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kathmandu, Nepal

Samir Lamichhane

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

RK and RM conceptualized and designed the case report. The acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of patient data were also performed by RK and RM. The collection and assembly of relevant literature and background information, as well as writing and revising the manuscript focusing on the clinical aspects of the case, were done by SL. RK assisted SL in drafting and revising the manuscript, with a focus on the literature review. RK also contributed to the intellectual content and critical revision of the manuscript. Supervision and mentorship throughout the case report development were done by RJ and RM. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samir Lamichhane .

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate.

Ethical approval from the institutional review board (IRB) has not been sought. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for participation.

Consent for publication

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.

Competing interests

Additional information, publisher’s note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Karki, R., Lamichhane, S., Jha, R. et al. An incidental finding of a hemoglobin E variant in a diabetic patient with an abnormal glycated hemoglobin level: a case report. J Med Case Reports 18 , 279 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04518-y

Download citation

Received : 06 December 2023

Accepted : 20 March 2024

Published : 15 June 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04518-y

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Hemoglobin E (HbE)
• Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Journal of Medical Case Reports

ISSN: 1752-1947

• Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
• General enquiries: [email protected]

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

Guest Essay

Something’s Rotten About the Justices Taking So Long on Trump’s Immunity Case

By Leah Litman

Ms. Litman is a professor at the University of Michigan Law School, a host of the “Strict Scrutiny” podcast and a former clerk to the Supreme Court justice Anthony Kennedy.

For those looking for the hidden hand of politics in what the Supreme Court does, there’s plenty of reason for suspicion on Donald Trump’s as-yet-undecided immunity case given its urgency. There are, of course, explanations that have nothing to do with politics for why a ruling still hasn’t been issued. But the reasons to think something is rotten at the court are impossible to ignore.

On Feb. 28, the justices agreed to hear Mr. Trump’s claim that he is immune from prosecution on charges that he plotted to subvert the 2020 election. The court scheduled oral arguments in the case for the end of April. That eight-week interval is much quicker than the ordinary Supreme Court briefing process, which usually extends for at least 10 weeks . But it’s considerably more drawn out than the schedule the court established earlier this year on a challenge from Colorado after that state took Mr. Trump off its presidential primary ballot. The court agreed to hear arguments on the case a mere month after accepting it and issued its decision less than a month after the argument. Mr. Trump prevailed, 9-0.

Nearly two months have passed since the justices heard lawyers for the former president and for the special counsel’s office argue the immunity case. The court is dominated by conservatives nominated by Republican presidents. Every passing day further delays a potential trial on charges related to Mr. Trump’s efforts to remain in office after losing the 2020 election and his role in the events that led to the storming of the Capitol; indeed, at this point, even if the court rules that Mr. Trump has limited or no immunity, it is unlikely a verdict will be delivered before the election.

The immunity case is not the only big case hanging fire. Some two dozen remain undecided that were argued even before the April 25 oral argument over Mr. Trump’s immunity. A case on gun rights for domestic abusers under a restraining order was argued in November; cases involving the power of federal agencies and a multibillion-dollar settlement for opioid victims were heard in December and January; the court also has yet to decide whether upwind states must cut emissions that affect the air quality in downwind states. That case was argued in February.

The court is a busy place, though the justices are completing decisions at the second slowest rate since the 1946 term, according to a recent article in The Wall Street Journal. The court tries to wrap up its business for the term that began in October by the end of June. It’s not shocking that cases argued later in the term end up being decided later, especially because by the end of April, when the immunity case was heard, the court was still working to finish cases argued months earlier. April was also among the court’s busiest months: The justices heard 10 cases.

But these seemingly mundane, process explanations overlook some of the particulars in the immunity case. Mr. Trump’s lawyers put together a set of arguments that are so outlandish they shouldn’t take much time to dispatch. Among them is the upside-down claim that, because the Constitution specifies that an officer who is convicted in an impeachment proceeding may subsequently face a criminal trial, the Constitution actually requires an impeachment conviction before there is any criminal punishment.

We are having trouble retrieving the article content.

Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and  log into  your Times account, or  subscribe  for all of The Times.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access.

Already a subscriber?  Log in .

Want all of The Times?  Subscribe .

• Submit a Manuscript
• Advanced search

American Journal of Neuroradiology

Advanced Search

NeuroMix with MR Angiography: A Fast MR Protocol to Reduce Head and Neck CT Angiography for Patients with Acute Neurological Presentations

• Find this author on Google Scholar
• Find this author on PubMed
• Search for this author on this site
• Info & Metrics

This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Overuse of computed tomography (CT)-based cerebrovascular imaging in the emergency department (ED) and inpatient settings, notably CT angiography of the head and neck (CTAHN) for minor and non-focal neurological presentations, stresses imaging services and exposes patients to radiation and contrast. Furthermore, such CT-based imaging is often insufficient for definitive diagnosis, necessitating additional MR imaging. Recent advances in fast MRI may allow for timely assessment and reduced need for CTAHN in select populations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified inpatients or ED patients who underwent CTAHN (including non-contrast and post-contrast CTH, with or without CT perfusion [CTP] imaging) followed within 24 hours by a 3T MRI study that included NeuroMix (an unenhanced 2.5 min multi-contrast sequence) and intracranial time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA; a 5 min sequence) during a 9-month period (April to December 2022). Cases were classified by 4 radiologists in consensus as to whether NeuroMix and NeuroMix+MRA detected equivalent findings, detected unique findings, or missed findings relative to CTAHN.

RESULTS: 174 cases (mean age 67±16 yrs; 56% female) met the inclusion criteria. NeuroMix alone and NeuroMix+MRA protocols were determined to be equivalent or better compared to CTAHN in 71% and 95% of patients, respectively. NeuroMix always provided equivalent or better assessment of the brain parenchyma, with unique findings on NeuroMix and NeuroMix+MRA in 35% and 36% of cases, respectively, most commonly acute infarction or multiple microhemorrhages. In 8/174 cases (5%), CTAHN identified vascular abnormalities not seen on the NeuroMix+MRA protocol due to CTAHN’s wider coverage of the cervical arteries.

CONCLUSIONS: A fast MR imaging protocol consisting of NeuroMix+MRA provided equivalent or better information compared to CTAHN in 95% of cases in our population of patients with an acute neurological presentation. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the benefits and challenges of a fast unenhanced MR-first approach with NeuroMix+MRA, which could be used to design prospective trials in select patient groups, with the potential to reduce radiation dose, mitigate adverse contrast-related patient and environmental effects, and lessen the burden on radiologists and healthcare systems.

ABBREVIATIONS: CTAHN = CTA Head and Neck including non-contrast and delayed post-contrast CT Head with or without CT perfusion, NeuroMix = unenhanced multi-contrast MR brain sequence.

• © 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology

Log in using your username and password

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Citation Manager Formats

• EndNote (tagged)
• EndNote 8 (xml)
• RefWorks Tagged
• Ref Manager

• Tweet Widget
• Facebook Like
• Google Plus One

Jump to section

Related articles.

• No related articles found.
• Google Scholar

Cited By...

• No citing articles found.

This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

More in this TOC Section

• Preoperative assessment of meningioma consistency using a combination of magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion tensor imaging
• AI Efficacy as a Function of Trainee Interpreter Proficiency: Lessons from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Similar Articles