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Kevin / October 31, 2013

Humor for a Happy Reformation Day: Several of the Best Memes

October 31, 1517 marks a very special day in church history: Martin Luther nailed his 95 Thesis against the Catholic church against the door of the church in Wittenburg, Germany, starting the Protestant Reformation characterized by a return to the Scriptures and a belief that one is justified before God by grace alone, through faith alone, in Jesus Christ alone, and for the glory of God alone.

Almost 500 years later we celebrate the work of the courageous reformers and their proclamation of the pure Gospel of Jesus Christ as found in the Scriptures.

What is the best way to celebrate Reformation Day? Thank God by meditating on His sovereign work throughout history, the glorious truths of the Gospel and His gracious revelation of Himself in the Scriptures.

What is another funny way to celebrate? By making hilarious Martin Luther memes and posting them on social media.

Here are some great Martin Luther memes for Reformation Day along with the best of social media:

Luther Meme

“ @samuelknecht : Happy Reformation Day, everybody! #partylikeits1517 ” pic.twitter.com/b3WtcHIWz3 — Josh Pankey (@JoshPankey) October 31, 2013
Happy Reformation Day! pic.twitter.com/UZHTuJqUvy — Marc A. Stutzel (@stynxno) October 31, 2013
. @WardrobeDoor with another great Reformation Day Poster. pic.twitter.com/8PtZgtOnai — Ray Raley (@rayraley) October 31, 2013
Happy Reformation Day! Keep on reforming! Soli Deo Gloria! pic.twitter.com/Yv6P8MHYge — I Am That I'm Not (@DavidBeersdorf) October 31, 2013
Fun #pumpkincarving of #MartinLuther on this #ReformationDay from @Reformation21 #reformation #protestant #grace pic.twitter.com/BY0CPHnHTQ — Bible Gateway (@biblegateway) October 31, 2013

Bonus Resource:  Meghan Carver shares some tips and activities for a great Reformation Day Party…

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The Protestant Reformation, explained

Five hundred years ago, Martin Luther changed Christianity — and the world.

by Tara Isabella Burton

An illustration of Martin Luther. A printing of his works was crowdfunded. (Ulstein Bild/Getty Images)

This week, people across the world are celebrating Halloween. But Tuesday, many people of faith marked another, far less spooky, celebration. October 31 was the 500-year anniversary of the day Martin Luther allegedly nailed his 95 theses — objections to various practices of the Catholic Church — to the door of a German church. This event is widely considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.

The event was celebrated across Germany , including in Luther’s native Wittenberg (T-shirts for sale there proudly proclaim, “Protestant since 1517!”), as well as by Protestants of all denominations worldwide. As the inciting incident for the entire Reformation, Luther’s actions came to define the subsequent five centuries of Christian history in Western Europe and, later, America: a story of constant intra-Christian challenge, debate, and conflict that has transformed Christianity into the diffuse, fragmented, and diverse entity it is today.

This week, Twitter has been full of users discussing Reformation Day. Some have used the opportunity to post jokes or funny memes about their chosen Christian denomination. Others are debating Luther’s legacy, including discussing the degree to which he either created modern Christianity as we know it or heralded centuries of division within Christian communities.

While Reformation Day is celebrated annually among some Protestants, especially in Germany, the nature of this anniversary has brought debate over Luther and the Protestant Reformation more generally into the public sphere.

So what exactly happened in 1517, and why does it matter?

What started as an objection to particular corruptions morphed into a global revolution

While the Catholic Church was not the only church on the European religious landscape (the Eastern Orthodox Churches still dominated in Eastern Europe and parts of Asia), by the 16th century, it was certainly the most dominant. The church had a great deal of political as well as spiritual power; it had close alliances, for example, with many royal houses, as well as the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, which at that time encompassed much of Central Europe, including present-day Germany.

The church’s great power brought with it a fair degree of corruption. Among the most notable and controversial practices of that time was the selling of “indulgences.” For Catholics of that time, sin could be divided into two broad categories. “Mortal sin” was enough to send you to hell after death, while “venal sin” got you some years of purifying punishment in purgatory, an interim state between life on earth and the heavenly hereafter.

By the 16th century, the idea that you could purchase an indulgence to reduce your purgatorial debt had become increasingly widespread. Religious leaders who wanted to fund projects would send out “professional pardoners,” or quaestores, to collect funds from the general public. Often, the sale of indulgences exceeded the official parameters of church doctrine; unscrupulous quaestores might promise eternal salvation (rather than just a remission of time in purgatory) in exchange for funds, or threaten damnation to those who refused. Indulgences could be sold on behalf of departed friends or loved ones, and many indulgence salesmen used that pressure to great effect.

Enter Martin Luther. A Catholic monk in Wittenberg, Luther found himself disillusioned by the practices of the church he loved. For Luther, indulgences — and the church’s approach to sin and penance more generally — seemed to go against what he saw as the most important part of his Christian faith. If God really did send his only son, Jesus, to die on the cross for the sins of mankind, then why were indulgences even necessary? If the salvation of mankind had come through Jesus’s sacrifice, then surely faith in Jesus alone should be enough for salvation.

In autumn 1517 (whether the actual date of October 31 is accurate is debatable), Luther nailed his 95 theses — most of the 95 points in the document, which was framed in the then-common style of academic debate, objections to the practice of indulgences — to a Wittenberg church door.

His intent was to spark a debate within his church over a reformation of Catholicism. Instead, Luther and those who followed him found themselves at the forefront of a new religious movement known as Lutheranism. By 1520, Luther had been excommunicated by the Catholic Church. Soon after, he found himself at the Diet (council) of the city of Worms, on trial for heresy under the authority of the (very Catholic) Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. At that council, the emperor declared Luther to be an outlaw and demanded his arrest.

Political, economic, and technological factors contributed to the spread of Luther’s ideas

So why wasn’t Luther arrested and executed, as plenty of other would-be reformers and “heretics” had been? The answer has as much to do with politics as with religion. In the region now known as Germany, the holy Roman emperor had authority over many regional princes, not all of whom were too happy about submitting to their emperor’s authority.

One such prince, Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, “kidnapped” Luther after his trial to keep him safe from his would-be arrestors. In the years following the trial, and the spread of Luther’s dissent as the basis for a Lutheranism, Protestantism often became a means by which individual princes would signal their opposition to imperial power. And when a prince converted, his entire principality was seen to have converted too. This led, for example, to the catastrophic Thirty Years’ War from 1618 to 1648, in which conflict between pro-Catholic and pro-Lutheran German princes morphed into a pan-European war that killed up to 20 percent of Europe’s population.

As it happens, the term “Protestant” began as a political rather than theological category. It originally referred to a number of German princes who formally protested an imperial ban on Martin Luther, before becoming a more general term for reformers who founded movements outside the Catholic Church.

Meanwhile, Luther was able to spread his ideas more quickly than ever before due to one vital new piece of technology: the printing press. For the first time in human history, vast amounts of information could be transmitted and shared easily with a great number of people. Luther’s anti-clerical pamphlets and essays — which were written in German, the language of the people, rather than the more obscure and “formal” academic language of Latin — could be swiftly and easily disseminated to convince others of his cause. (The relationship between Luther and the printing press was actually a symbiotic one : The more popular Luther became, the more print shops spread up across Europe to meet demand.)

Luther’s newfound popularity and “celebrity” status, in turn, made him a much more difficult force for his Catholic opponents to contend with. While earlier would-be reformers, such as John Hus, had been burned at the stake for heresy, getting rid of someone as widely known as Luther was far more politically risky.

Luther’s success, and the success of those who followed him, is a vital reminder of the ways politics, propaganda, and religion intersect. Something that began as a relatively narrow and academic debate over the church selling indulgences significantly changed Western culture. Luther opened the floodgates for other reformers.

Although Luther can be said to have started the Reformation, he was one of many reformers whose legacy lives on in different Protestant traditions. Switzerland saw the rise of John Calvin (whose own Protestant denomination, Calvinism, bears his name). John Knox founded the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Each denomination of Protestantism had its own specific theology and approach. But not all Protestant reformations were entirely idealistic in nature: King Henry VIII famously established the Church of England, still the state church in that country today, in order to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.

Nearly all Protestant groups, however, shared Luther’s original objections to the Catholic Church — theological ideals that still define the Protestant umbrella today.

The most important of these is the idea that salvation happens through faith alone. In other words, nothing — not indulgences, not confession or penance, not even good works — can alter the course of a person’s salvation. For Protestants, salvation happens through divine grace received through faith in Jesus Christ. The second of these is the idea that biblical Scripture, and a person’s individual relationship with the Bible, is the most important source of information about God and Christian life. (This is in stark contrast with the Catholic Church, in which a wider body of church teaching and church authority play a major role.)

While it would be too simplistic to say that Protestants as a whole favor individualism and autonomy over established tradition, it’s fair to say that most Protestant traditions place a greater premium on individuals’ personal religious experiences, on the act of “being saved” through prayer, and on individual readings of Scripture, than do Catholics or members of orthodox churches.

Other differences between Catholic and Protestant theology and practice involve the clergy and church. Protestants by and large see the “sacraments,” such as communion, as less important than their Catholic counterparts (the intensity of this varies by tradition, although only Catholics see the communion wafer as the literal body of Christ). Protestant priests, likewise, are not bound by priestly celibacy, and can marry.

That said, for many Christians today, differences are cultural, not theological. Earlier this fall, a study carried out by the Pew Research Center found that average Protestants more often than not assert traditionally Catholic teachings about, among other things, the nature of salvation or the role of church teaching.

Protestantism today still bears the stamp of Luther

Today, about 900 million people — 40 percent of Christians — identify as Protestant around the world. Of these, 72 million people — just 8 percent — are Lutherans. But Lutheranism has still come to define much of the Protestant ethos.

Over the centuries, more forms of Protestantism have taken shape. Several of them have had cataclysmic effects on world history. Puritanism, another reform movement within the Church of England, inspired its members to seek a new life in the New World and helped shape America as we know it today. Many of these movements classified themselves as “revivalist” movements, each one in turn trying to reawaken a church that critics saw as having become staid and complacent (just as Luther saw the Catholic Church).

Of these reform and revivalist movements, perhaps none is so visible today in America as the loose umbrella known as evangelical Christianity. Many of the historic Protestant churches — Lutheranism, Calvinism, Presbyterianism, the Church of England — are now classified as mainline Protestant churches, which tend to be more socially and politically liberal. Evangelical Christianity, though, arose out of similar revivalist tendencies within those churches, in various waves dating back to the 18th century.

Even more decentralized than their mainline counterparts, evangelical Christian groups tend to stress scriptural authority (including scriptural inerrancy) and the centrality of being “saved” to an even greater extent than, say, modern Lutheranism. Because of the fragmented and decentralized way many of these churches operate, anybody can conceivably set up a church or church community in any building. This, in turn, gives rise to the trend of “storefront churches,” something particularly popular in Pentecostal communities, and “house churches,” in which members meet for Bible study at one another’s homes.

The history of Christianity worldwide has, largely, followed the Luther cycle. As each church or church community becomes set in its ways, a group of idealistic reformers seeks to revitalize its spiritual life. They found new movements, only for reformers to splinter off from them in turn.

In America, where mainline Protestantism has been in decline for decades, various forms of evangelical Protestantism seemed to flourish for many years. Now evangelicals — particularly white evangelicals — are finding themselves in decline for a variety of reasons, including demographic change and increasingly socially liberal attitudes on the part of younger Christians. Meanwhile, social media — the printing press of our own age — is changing the way some Christians worship: Some Christians are more likely to worship and study the Bible online or attend virtual discussion groups, while in other churches, attendees are encouraged to “live-tweet” sermons to heighten engagement.

What happens next is anyone’s guess.

But if the history of Lutheranism is anything to go by, we may be due for another wave of reformation before too long.

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  • Martin Luther 95 Theses Meme Painting Reformation Day Gift will make a great present for anybody celebrating the Reformation Day 31st October including Christian Protestant, Lutheran, Calvinist, Evangelical, Baptist, Penthecostal, and any other church.
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Celebrate Reformation Day vs. Halloween with this awesome Martin Luther 95 Theses Meme Painting design saying The Door is Fine I'm Just Fixing Your Theology saying. Martin Luther 95 Theses Meme Painting Reformation Day Gift will make a great present for anybody celebrating the Reformation Day 31st October including Christian Protestant, Lutheran, Calvinist, Evangelical, Baptist, Pentecostal, and any other church.

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Martin Luther Might Not Have Nailed His 95 Theses to the Church Door

By: Becky Little

Updated: September 1, 2018 | Original: October 31, 2017

Dr Martin Luther, 1483-1546

October 31 isn’t just Halloween , it’s also Reformation Day —the anniversary of Martin Luther nailing his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church in Germany in 1517. His theses challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, and sparked the historic split in Christianity known as the Protestant Reformation . But 500 years later, scholars aren’t sure that the most dramatic part of the tale is true.

The new consensus is that he mailed his theses to an archbishop on October 31, but he probably didn’t nail them to the door to drive the point home.

The reason this is such a big deal is because the image of Luther nailing his 95 Theses to a church door is one of the main historical events people associate with the Reformation. Yet in a recently published book, 1517: Martin Luther and the Invention of the Reformation , Reformation historian Peter Marshall   argues that Luther probably didn’t deliver his theses so theatrically. And according to Joan Acocella’s New Yorker article on Martin Luther’s influence, much of the latest scholarship agrees that the event likely didn’t happen.

“Not only were there no eyewitnesses; Luther himself, ordinarily an enthusiastic self-dramatizer, was vague on what had happened,” Acocella writes . “He remembered drawing up a list of ninety-five theses around the date in question, but, as for what he did with it, all he was sure of was that he sent it to the local archbishop.”

Martin Luther nailing his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church

The fact that he might’ve mailed his theses rather than nailing them to the church door, while perhaps a bit disappointing, doesn’t change their impact. In the theses, Luther condemned the church’s selling of “indulgences,” which was based on the the idea that people could buy forgiveness for their sins. Instead, he argued that humans could only reach salvation through faith, and that the Bible, not the clergy, was the foremost religious authority. 

These ideas shaped a new branch of Christianity, called Protestantism. Broadly defined, Protestants make up 37 percent of the world’s 2.18 billion Christians, according to the Pew Research Center.

True or not, the iconic image of Luther defiantly nailing his theses to a church door continues to reverberate as a symbol of religious freedom. In 1966, Martin Luther King, Jr. , echoed its symbolic power by placing a list of his demands on the door of the Chicago City Hall. It’s even become something of a meme: The Simpsons once aired a Halloween episode in which Lisa accidentally creates a functioning society in a petri dish, and excitedly observes that “one of them is nailing something to the door of the cathedral.”

The delivery method of the 95 Theses is not the only aspect of Luther’s life that scholars are reexamining. Historians have also been delving into his brutal anti-Semitism. In addition to the theses, Luther wrote a book called On the Jews and Their Lies , in which he posited that Jews were a menace to Germany. Scholar Dietz Bering , whose new book explores Luther’s anti-Semitism, told Public Radio International that Luther advocated burning Jewish synagogues and homes, confiscating Jewish money, forcing Jewish people into servitude, and expelling Jewish people from Germany.

Many of his fellow Protestants rejected these ideas at the time, but in the early 20th century, the Nazi Party would use them to demonstrate that anti-Semitism had a long history in Germany. Speaking on the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, German Chancellor Angela Merkel argued that Luther’s anti-Semitism is part of his theological legacy, and should never be glossed over, reports the Times of Israel .

“That is, for me,” Merkel said, “the comprehensive historical reckoning that we need.”

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Les 95 Thèses de Martin Luther

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Coûts du serveur Collecte de fonds 2024

Joshua J. Mark

Les 95 thèses de Martin Luther du 31 octobre 1517, bien qu'elles représentent depuis lors le début de la Réforme protestante , ne furent pas été écrites pour contester l'autorité de l'Église catholique romaine, mais constituaient simplement une invitation au clergé à débattre de l'une ou de toutes les propositions énumérées.

Luther's Ninety-Five Theses Nailed to the Wittenberg Church's Door

Martin Luther (1483-1546) avait publié 97 thèses sur le thème de la théologie scolastique un mois seulement avant ses 95 thèses portant sur la vente des indulgences. Les deux écrits avaient pour seul but d'inviter à la discussion sur le sujet. Luther s'opposait à la théologie scolastique au motif qu'elle ne pouvait pas révéler la vérité de Dieu et il dénonçait les indulgences - des brefs vendus par l'Église pour raccourcir le séjour d'une personne (ou d'un proche) au purgatoire - comme étant non bibliques et avares.

Les 95 thèses devinrent le catalyseur de la réforme car elles furent traduites peu après du latin en allemand et, grâce à la technologie de l'imprimerie, furent mises à la disposition du public. Dans l'année qui suivit la diffusion initiale des thèses, celles-ci avaient déjà été traduites dans d'autres langues et déclenchèrent le mouvement de la Réforme dans d'autres pays car, pour ceux qui les avaient lues ou entendues, elles représentaient un défi direct à l'autorité de l'Église de la part d'un ecclésiastique respecté et estimé.

Voici les 95 thèses en français publiées sur le site Homolaicus. Le texte est donné ci-dessous sans commentaire et avec de légers changements dans la formulation et la ponctuation pour plus de clarté.

Les 95 thèses

Par amour pour la vérité et dans le but de la préciser, les thèses suivantes seront soutenues à Wittemberg, sous la présidence du Révérend Père Martin Luther, ermite augustin, maître es Arts, docteur et lecteur de la Sainte Théologie. Celui-ci prie ceux qui, étant absents, ne pourraient discuter avec lui, de vouloir bien le faire par lettres. Au nom de notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ. Amen. En disant : Faites pénitence, notre Maître et Seigneur Jésus-Christ a voulu que la vie entière des fidèles fût une pénitence. Cette parole ne peut pas s'entendre du sacrement de la pénitence, tel qu'il est administré par le prêtre, c'est à dire de la confession et de la satisfaction. Toutefois elle ne signifie pas non plus la seule pénitence intérieure ; celle-ci est nulle, si elle ne produit pas au dehors toutes sortes de mortifications de la chair. C'est pourquoi la peine dure aussi longtemps que dure la haine de soi-même, la vraie pénitence intérieure, c'est à dire jusqu'à l'entrée dans le royaume des cieux. Le pape ne veut et ne peut remettre d'autres peines que celles qu'il a imposées lui-même de sa propre autorité ou par l'autorité des canons. Le pape ne peut remettre aucune peine autrement qu'en déclarant et en confirmant que Dieu l'a remise ; à moins qu'il ne s'agisse des cas à lui réservés. Celui qui méprise son pouvoir dans ces cas particuliers reste dans son péché. Dieu ne remet la coulpe à personne sans l'humilier, l'abaisser devant un prêtre, son représentant. Les canons pénitentiels ne s'appliquent qu'aux vivants ; et d'après eux, rien ne doit être imposé aux morts. Voilà pourquoi le pape agit selon le Saint-Esprit en exceptant toujours dans ses décrets l'article de la mort et celui de la nécessité. Les prêtres qui, à l'article de la mort, réservent pour le Purgatoire les canons pénitentiels, agissent mal et d'une façon inintelligente. La transformation des peines canoniques en peines du Purgatoire est une ivraie semée certainement pendant que les évêques dormaient. Jadis les peines canoniques étaient imposées non après, mais avant l'absolution, comme une épreuve de la véritable contrition. La mort délie de tout ; les mourants sont déjà morts aux lois canoniques, et celles-ci ne les atteignent plus. Une piété incomplète, un amour imparfait donnent nécessairement une grande crainte au mourant. Plus l'amour est petit, plus grande est la terreur. Cette crainte, cette épouvante suffit déjà, sans parler des autres peines, à constituer la peine du Purgatoire, car elle approche le plus de l'horreur du désespoir. Il semble qu'entre l'Enfer, le Purgatoire et le Ciel il y ait la même différence qu'entre le désespoir, le quasi-désespoir et la sécurité. Il semble que chez les âmes du Purgatoire l'Amour doive grandir à mesure que l'horreur diminue. Il ne paraît pas qu'on puisse prouver par des raisons, ou par les Ecritures que les âmes du Purgatoire soient hors d'état de rien mériter ou de croître dans la charité. Il n'est pas prouvé non plus que toutes les âmes du Purgatoire soient parfaitement assurées de leur béatitude, bien que nous-mêmes nous en ayons une entière assurance. Donc, par la rémission plénière de toutes les peines, le Pape n'entend parler que de celles qu'il a imposées lui-même, et non pas toutes les peines en général. C'est pourquoi les prédicateurs des Indulgences se trompent quand ils disent que les indulgences du Pape délivrent l'homme de toutes les peines et le sauvent. Car le Pape ne saurait remettre aux âmes du Purgatoire d'autres peines que celles qu'elles auraient dû souffrir dans cette vie en vertu des canons. Si la remise entière de toutes les peines peut jamais être accordée, ce ne saurait être qu'en faveur des plus parfaits, c'est-à-dire du plus petit nombre. Ainsi cette magnifique et universelle promesse de la rémission de toutes les peines accordées à tous sans distinction, trompe nécessairement la majeure partie du peuple. Le même pouvoir que le Pape peut avoir, en général, sur le Purgatoire, chaque évêque le possède en particulier dans son diocèse, chaque pasteur dans sa paroisse. Le Pape fait très bien de ne pas donner aux âmes le pardon en vertu du pouvoir des clefs qu'il n'a pas , mais de le donner par le mode de suffrage. Ils prêchent des inventions humaines, ceux qui prétendent qu'aussitôt que l'argent résonne dans leur caisse, l'âme s'envole du Purgatoire. Ce qui est certain, c'est qu'aussitôt que l'argent résonne, l'avarice et la rapacité grandissent. Quant au suffrage de l'Eglise, il dépend uniquement de la bonne volonté de Dieu. Qui sait si toutes les âmes du purgatoire souhaitent en être rachetées, comme dans la légende des saints Séverin et Pascal. Nul n'est certain de la vérité de sa contrition ; encore moins peut-on l'être de l'entière rémission. Il est aussi rare de trouver un homme qui achète une vraie indulgence qu'un homme vraiment pénitent. Ils seront éternellement damnés avec ceux qui les enseignent, ceux qui pensent que des lettres d'indulgences leur assurent le salut. On ne saurait trop se garder de ces hommes qui disent que les indulgences du Pape sont le don inestimable de Dieu par lequel l'homme est réconcilié avec lui. Car ces grâces des indulgences ne s'appliquent qu'aux peines de la satisfaction sacramentelle établies par les hommes. Ils prêchent une doctrine antichrétienne ceux qui enseignent que pour le rachat des âmes du Purgatoire ou pour obtenir un billet de confession, la contrition n'est pas nécessaire. Tout chrétien vraiment contrit a droit à la rémission entière de la peine et du péché, même sans lettre d'indulgences. Tout vrai chrétien, vivant ou mort, participe à tous les biens de Christ et de l'Eglise, par la grâce de Dieu, et sans lettres d'indulgences. Néanmoins il ne faut pas mépriser la grâce que le Pape dispense ; car elle est, comme je l'ai dit, une déclaration du pardon de Dieu. C'est une chose extraordinairement difficile, même pour les plus habiles théologiens, d'exalter en même temps devant le peuple la puissance des indulgences et la nécessité de la contrition. La vraie contrition recherche et aime les peines ; l'indulgence, par sa largeur, en débarrasse, et à l'occasion, les fait haïr. Il faut prêcher avec prudence les indulgences du Pape, afin que le peuple ne vienne pas à s'imaginer qu'elles sont préférables aux bonnes oeuvres de la charité. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que dans l'intention du Pape, l'achat des indulgences ne saurait être comparé en aucune manière aux oeuvres de miséricorde. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que celui qui donne aux pauvres ou prête aux nécessiteux fait mieux que s'il achetait des indulgences. Car par l'exercice même de la charité, la charité grandit et l'homme devient meilleur. Les indulgences au contraire n'améliorent pas ; elles ne font qu'affranchir de la peine. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que celui qui voyant son prochain dans l'indigence, le délaisse pour acheter des indulgences, ne s'achète pas l'indulgence du Pape mais l'indignation de Dieu. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens qu'à moins d'avoir des richesses superflues, leur devoir est d'appliquer ce qu'ils ont aux besoins de leur maison plutôt que de le prodiguer à l'achat des indulgences. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que l'achat des indulgences est une chose libre, non commandée. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que le Pape ayant plus besoin de prières que d'argent demande, en distribuant ses indulgences plutôt de ferventes prières que de l'argent. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que les indulgences du Pape sont bonnes s'ils ne s'y confient pas, mais des plus funestes, si par elles, ils perdent la crainte de Dieu. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que si le Pape connaissait les exactions des prédicateurs d'indulgences, il préfèrerait voir la basilique de Saint-Pierre réduite en cendres plutôt qu'édifiée avec la chair, le sang, les os de ses brebis. Il faut enseigner aux chrétiens que le Pape, fidèle à son devoir, distribuerait tout son bien et vendrait au besoin l'Eglise de Saint-Pierre pour la plupart de ceux auxquels certains prédicateurs d'indulgences enlèvent leur argent. Il est chimérique de se confier aux indulgences pour le salut, quand même le commissaire du Pape ou le Pape lui-même y mettraient leur âme en gage. Ce sont des ennemis de Christ et du Pape, ceux qui à cause de la prédication des indulgences interdisent dans les autres églises la prédication de la parole de Dieu. C'est faire injure à la Parole de Dieu que d'employer dans un sermon autant et même plus de temps à prêcher les indulgences qu'à annoncer cette Parole. Voici quelle doit être nécessairement la pensée du Pape ; si l'on accorde aux indulgences qui sont moindres, une cloche, un honneur, une cérémonie, il faut célébrer l'Evangile qui est plus grand, avec cent cloches, cent honneurs, cent cérémonies. Les trésors de l'Eglise, d'où le Pape tire ses indulgences, ne sont ni suffisamment définis, ni assez connus du peuple chrétien. Ces trésors ne sont certes pas des biens temporels ; car loin de distribuer des biens temporels, les prédicateurs des indulgences en amassent plutôt. Ce ne sont pas non plus les mérites de Christ et des saints ; car ceux-ci, sans le Pape, mettent la grâce dans l'homme intérieur, et la croix, la mort et l'enfer dans l'homme intérieur. Saint Laurent a dit que les trésors de l'Eglise sont ses pauvres. En cela il a parlé le langage de son époque. Nous disons sans témérité que ces trésors, ce sont les clefs données à l'Eglise par les mérites du Christ. Il est clair en effet que pour la remise des peines et des cas réservés, le pouvoir du Pape est insuffisant. Le véritable trésor de l'Eglise, c'est le très-saint Evangile de la gloire et de la grâce de Dieu. Mais ce trésor est avec raison un objet de haine car par lui les premiers deviennent les derniers. Le trésor des indulgences est avec raison recherché ; car par lui les derniers deviennent les premiers. Les trésors de l'Evangile sont des filets au moyen desquels on pêchait jadis des hommes adonnés aux richesses. Les trésors des indulgences sont des filets avec lesquels on pêche maintenant les richesses des hommes. Les indulgences dont les prédicateurs vantent et exaltent les mérites ont le très grand mérite de rapporter de l'argent. Les grâces qu'elles donnent sont misérables si on les compare à la grâce de Dieu et à la piété de la croix. Le devoir des évêques et des pasteurs est d'admettre avec respect les commissaires des indulgences apostoliques. Mais c'est bien plus encore leur devoir d'ouvrir leurs yeux et leurs oreilles, pour que ceux-ci ne prêchent pas leurs rêves à la place des ordres du Pape. Maudit soit celui qui parle contre la vérité des indulgences apostoliques. Mais béni soit celui qui s'inquiète de la licence et des paroles impudentes des prédicateurs d'indulgences. De même que le Pape excommunie justement ceux qui machinent contre ses indulgences, Il entend à plus forte raison excommunier ceux qui, sous prétexte de défendre les indulgences, machinent contre la sainte charité et contre la vérité. C'est du délire que d'exalter les indulgences du Pape jusqu'à prétendre qu'elles délieraient un homme qui, par impossible, aurait violé la mère de Dieu. Nous prétendons au contraire que, pour ce qui est de la coulpe, les indulgences ne peuvent pas même remettre le moindre des péchés véniels. Dire que Saint Pierre , s'il était Pape de nos jours, ne saurait donner des grâces plus grandes, c'est blasphémer contre Saint Pierre et contre le Pape. Nous disons au contraire que lui ou n'importe quel pape possède des grâces plus hautes, savoir : l'Evangile, les vertus, le don des guérisons, etc...(d'après 1 Cor. 12). Dire que la croix ornée des armes du Pape égale la croix du Christ, c'est un blasphème. Les évêques, les pasteurs, les théologiens qui laissent prononcer de telles paroles devant le peuple en rendront compte. Cette prédication imprudente des indulgences rend bien difficile aux hommes même les plus doctes, de défendre l'honneur du Pape contre les calomnies ou même contre les questions insidieuses des laïques. Pourquoi, disent-ils, pourquoi le Pape ne délivre-t-il pas d'un seul coup toutes les âmes du Purgatoire, pour les plus justes des motifs, par sainte charité, par compassion pour leurs souffrances, tandis qu'il en délivre à l'infini pour le motif le plus futile, pour un argent indigne, pour la construction de sa basilique? Pourquoi laisse-t-il subsister les services et les anniversaires des morts ? Pourquoi ne rend-il pas ou ne permet-il pas qu'on reprenne les fondations établies en leur faveur, puisqu'il n'est pas juste de prier pour les rachetés. Et encore : quelle est cette nouvelle sainteté de Dieu et du Pape que, pour de l'argent, ils donnent à un impie, à un ennemi le pouvoir de délivrer une âme pieuse et aimée de Dieu, tandis qu'ils refusent de délivrer cette âme pieuse et aimée, par compassion pour ses souffrances, par amour et gratuitement? Et encore : pourquoi les canons pénitentiels abrogés de droit et éteints par la mort se rachètent-ils encore pour de l'argent, par la vente d'une indulgence, comme s'ils étaient encore en vigueur? Et encore : pourquoi le Pape n'édifie-t-il pas la basilique de Saint-Pierre de ses propres deniers, plutôt qu'avec l'argent des pauvres fidèles, puisque ses richesses sont aujourd'hui plus grandes que celles de l'homme le plus opulent? Encore : pourquoi le Pape remet-il les péchés ou rend-il participants de sa grâce ceux qui par une contrition parfaite ont déjà obtenu une rémission plénière et la complète participation à ces grâces ? Encore : ne serait-il pas d'un plus grand avantage pour l'Eglise, si le Pape, au lieu de distribuer une seule fois ses indulgences et ses grâces, les distribuait cent fois par jour et à tout fidèle? C'est pourquoi si par les indulgences le Pape cherche plus le salut des âmes que de l'argent, pourquoi suspend-il les lettres d'indulgences qu'il a données autrefois, puisque celles-ci ont même efficacité? Vouloir soumettre par la violence ces arguments captieux des laïques, au lieu de les réfuter par de bonnes raisons, c'est exposer l'Eglise et le Pape à la risée des ennemis et c'est rendre les chrétiens malheureux. Si, par contre, on avait prêché les indulgences selon l'esprit et le sentiment du Pape, il serait facile de répondre à toutes ces objections ; elles n'auraient pas même été faites. Qu'ils disparaissent donc tous, ces prophètes qui disent au peuple de Christ : "Paix, paix" et il n'y a pas de paix! Bienvenus au contraire les prophètes qui disent au peuple de Christ : "Croix, croix" et il n'y a pas de croix! Il faut exhorter les chrétiens à s'appliquer à suivre Christ leur chef à travers les peines, la mort et l'enfer. Et à entrer au ciel par beaucoup de tribulations plutôt que de se reposer sur la sécurité d'une fausse paix.

Bibliographie

  • Bainton, R. H. Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. Abingdon Press, 2013.
  • Martin Luther’s 95 Theses from Reasonable Theology , accessed 29 Nov 2021.
  • Roper, L. Martin Luther: Renegade and Prophet. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2018.
  • Rublack, U. The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations . Oxford University Press, 2017.

Babeth Étiève-Cartwright

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Citer cette ressource.

Mark, J. J. (2021, décembre 01). Les 95 Thèses de Martin Luther [Martin Luther's 95 Theses] . (B. Étiève-Cartwright, Traducteur). World History Encyclopedia . Extrait de https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/fr/2-1891/les-95-theses-de-martin-luther/

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Mark, Joshua J.. " Les 95 Thèses de Martin Luther ." Traduit par Babeth Étiève-Cartwright. World History Encyclopedia . modifié le décembre 01, 2021. https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/fr/2-1891/les-95-theses-de-martin-luther/.

Mark, Joshua J.. " Les 95 Thèses de Martin Luther ." Traduit par Babeth Étiève-Cartwright. World History Encyclopedia . World History Encyclopedia, 01 déc. 2021. Web. 17 août 2024.

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Écrit par Joshua J. Mark , publié le 01 décembre 2021. Le titulaire du droit d'auteur a publié ce contenu sous les termes de licence suivants: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike . A noter que les contenus liés à cette page peuvent avoir des des termes de licence différents.

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