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Introduction to Information Technology (IT)

What information technology professionals do for their work and career

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The terms "information technology" and "IT" are widely used in business and the field of computing. People use the terms generically when referring to various kinds of computer-related work, which sometimes confuses their meaning.

What Is Information Technology?

A 1958 article in Harvard Business Review referred to information technology as consisting of three basic parts: computational data processing, decision support, and business software. This time period marked the beginning of IT as an officially defined area of business; in fact, this article probably coined the term.

Over the ensuing decades, many corporations created so-called "IT departments" to manage the computer technologies related to their business. Whatever these departments worked on became the de facto definition of Information Technology, one that has evolved over time. Today, IT departments have responsibilities in areas like computer tech support, business computer network and database administration, business software deployment, and information security.

Especially during the dot-com boom of the 1990s, Information Technology also became associated with aspects of computing beyond those owned by IT departments. This broader definition of IT includes areas like software development, computer systems architecture, and project management.

Information Technology Jobs and Careers

Job posting sites commonly use IT as a category in their databases. The category includes a wide range of jobs across architecture, engineering, and administration functions. People with jobs in these areas typically have college degrees in computer science and/or information systems. They may also possess related industry certifications. Short courses in IT basics can be also be found online and are especially useful for those who want to get some exposure to the field before committing to it as a career.

A career in Information Technology can involve working in or leading IT departments, product development teams, or research groups. Having success in this job field requires a combination of both technical and business skills.

Issues and Challenges in Information Technology

• As computing systems and capabilities continue expanding worldwide, "data overload" has become an increasingly critical issue for many IT professionals. Efficiently processing huge amounts of data to produce useful business intelligence requires large amounts of processing power, sophisticated software, and human analytic skills.
• Teamwork and communication skills have also become essential for most businesses to manage the complexity of IT systems. Many IT professionals are responsible for providing service to business users who are not trained in computer networking  or other information technologies but who are instead interested in simply using IT as a tool to get their work done efficiently.
• System and network security issues are a primary concern for many business executives, as any security incident can potentially damage a company's reputation and cost large sums of money.

Computer Networking and Information Technology

Because networks play a central role in the operation of many companies, business computer networking topics tend to be closely associated with Information Technology. Networking trends that play a key role in IT include:

• Network capacity and performance: The popularity of online video has greatly increased the demand for network bandwidth both on the Internet and on IT networks. New types of software applications that support richer graphics and deeper interaction with computers also tend to generate larger amounts of data and hence network traffic. Information technology teams must plan appropriately not just for their company's current needs but also this future growth.
• Mobile and wireless usages: IT network administrators must now support a wide array of smartphones and tablets in addition to traditional PCs and workstations. IT environments tend to require high-performance wireless hotspots with roaming capability. In larger office buildings, deployments are carefully planned and tested to eliminate dead spots and signal interference.
• Cloud services: Whereas IT shops in the past maintained their own server farms for hosting email and business databases, some have migrated to cloud computing environments where third-party hosting providers maintain the data. This change in computing model dramatically changes the patterns of traffic on a company network, but it also requires significant effort in training employees on this new breed of applications.

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Introduction Of Information Technology

Published by Shon Marshall Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction Of Information Technology"— Presentation transcript:

Lecture 2 - Revenue Models

1 of 15 Information Access Internal Information © FAO 2005 IMARK Investing in Information for Development Information Access Internal Information.

Internet Applications

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Living in a Digital World Discovering Computers 2010.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart 18-1 Accounting Information Systems 9 th Edition Marshall.

Living in a Digital World Discovering Computers 2011.

James A. Senn’s Information Technology, 3rd Edition

Introduction To Information Technology. Defining Information What is Information? Information is any knowledge that comes to our attention. That could.

 By the end of this, you should be able to state the difference between DATE and INFORMAITON.

Information and Data What’s the difference between two? Information systems = hardware and software working together… It will take DATA that has been put.

Computer Jobs 2013 Bob Nielson. Average Wage The average wages of all jobs in America >>>> $45,790 > $80,180.

Computer Jobs 2014 Bob Nielson. Average Wage The average wages of all jobs in America >>>> $45,790 > $80,180.

CHAPTER 1 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEM ; AN OVERVIEW.

Objectives Overview Identify the qualities of valuable information Describe various information systems used in an enterprise Identify the components of.

Module 3: Business Information Systems Chapter 8: Electronic and Mobile Commerce.

Business Software What is database software? p. 145 Allows you to create, access, and manage data Add, change, delete, sort, and retrieve data Next.

CDP Standard Grade1 Commercial Data Processing Standard Grade Computing Studies.

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business.

Introduction to IT Lecture – 01.

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Information Technology Lesson

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Information Technology Presentation Topics (Updated)

Below is the list of information technology presentation topics. This updated list of IT-related presentation topics covers general, latest and best trends. Students & researchers can use these IT topics for PowerPoint (PPT) presentations, Webinars, Seminars, Conferences, Oral Speeches, Oral presentations, Individual or Group presentations. These ideas will definitely help students of MBA, MCA, BE, ME, BCA, & other IT courses to make a stunning presentation.

Latest Information Technology Topics For Presentation

Cloud Computing

Table of Contents

Artificial Intelligence

Data Privacy

Adding Intelligence to the Internet

Bio-inspired Networking

Sixth Sense Technology: New Reality

Finger Tracking In Real-Time Human-Computer Interaction

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Virtualization

Cyberphysical Systems

Internet of Things (IoT)

Visualization Research

IT Governance

Cyberterrorism

3D Password

5G Technology: Hope Vs. Hype

Alphabetical List of IT Presentation Topics

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

An Identity Based Eco-System

Free Space Laser Communications

Cellular Through Remote Control Switch

Breaking the Memory Wall in MonetDB

Buffer overflow attack : A potential problem and its Implications

Biometrics in SECURE e-transaction

10 Gigabit Ethernet

3D Internet

3D password

3D Printing

3D Television

4G Broadband

4G Technology: 4G Wireless Systems

5 Pen PC Technology

64-Bit Computing

AC Performance Of Nanoelectronics

Access gateways

Airborne Internet

Ambient Intelligence

Ambiophonics

Android: Future of Computing

Anonymous Communication

Asynchronous Chips

Attentionomics

Autonomic Computing

Barcode Technology

Biometric Voting System

Bio-Molecular Computing

BlackBerry Technology

Blu Ray Disc

Bluejacking

Brain Chips

Brain Fingerprinting

Broadband Over Power Line

Cable Modems

Capacitive And Resistive Touch Systems

Cellular Communications

Cellular Neural Network

Chameleon Chip

Cisco IOS Firewall

Cluster Computing

Code Division Duplexing

Combating Link Spam

Compact peripheral component interconnect

Computational Visual Attention Systems

Compute Unified Device Architecture CUDA

Conditional Access System

Content Curation and Aggregation

Content Marketing

corDECT Wireless in Local Loop System

Crusoe Processor

Cybernetic Organism

Data Compression Techniques

CyberTerrorism : New Challenge

Data Leakage Detection

Data Recovery

Data Security

Data Warehousing

Delay Tolerant Networking

Design and Analysis of Algoritms

Desktop Virtualization

Developer Integration

Development of the Intenet

Diamond Chip

Digital Audio Broadcasting

DNA Based Computing

Digital curation

Digital Jewelry

Digital Subscriber Line

Digital Watermarking

Driving Optical Network Evolution

Dual Core Processor

Dynamic Cache Management Technique

Dynamic Data Grid Replication Strategy

Dynamic Domain Name Service

Dynamic Languages

Dynamic Memory Allocation

Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode

Dynamic Virtual Private Network

Dynamically Reconfigurability Computing

Ethical Hacking

E Cash Payment Systems

Earth Simulator

E-Cash Payment System

Elastic Quotas

Electronic Banking

Enhancing LAN Using Cryptography and Other Modules

Enterprise social collaboration

Ethernet Passive Optical Network

Extended Mark Up Language

Extreme Programming (XP)

Eye Movement-Based Human Computer Interaction Techniques

Facebook Thrift

Fiber Channel

Fingerprints Technology

Fluorescent Multi-layer Disc

Free Space Optics

Gaming Consoles

Generic Access Network

Generic Framing Procedure

Generic Visual Perception Processor GVPP

Genetic Algorithms

Global Wireless E-Voting

Green Computing

Google Chrome OS

Google Glass Project

Google Strikes Back

Graph Separators

Graphical Password Authentication

Green Cloud

GSM 900 Mobile Jamme

Handheld Computers

High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms

High Performance DSP Architectures

Holographic Data Storage

Human Computer Interface

Holographic Memory

Hyper-Threading technology

Image Identification System

I-Cloud by Apple

In Vehicle Networking

Incognito mode

Infinite Dimensional Vector Space

Instant Messaging

Integer Fast Fourier Transform

Integrated Voice and Data

Intel Centrino Mobile Technology

Keyboard without Keys and Board

Ipv6 – The Next Generation Protocol

In-Vehicle Networking

Intel Core I7 Processor

Intelligent Software Agents

Intelligent Speed Adaptation

Internet Access via Cable TV Network

Internet of Things

Internet Telephony Policy in INDIA

The world of Internet Protocols

Intrusion Tolerance

Intrution Detection System

Intrution Detection Systems

Inverse Multiplexing

IP spoofing

IP Telephony

IPv6 Protocol

Iris Scanning

Java Database Connectivity

JOOMLA and CMS

Laptop Computer

Large Cloud Services

Layer 3 Switching

Light emitting polymers

Location Dependent Query Processing

Low Power UART Design for Serial Data Communication

Media Fragmentation

Migration From GSM Network To GPRS

Mobile Security

Mind Reading Computer

Mind-Reading Computer

MiniDisc system

Mobile Computing

Mobile Phone Cloning

Mobile Virtual Reality Service

Mobile WiMax

Mobile WiMAX

Modems and ISDN

Modular Computing

Money Pad, The Future Wallet

MPEG Video Compression

Multi Touch Technology

Multiterabit Networks

Nano Cars Into The Robotics

Nanorobotics

Network Security Firewalls

NVIDIA Tesla Personal Supercomputer

Network Traffic Analyzer

Neural Interfacing

Neural Networks And Their Applications

Nokia Morph

No-Touch Interfaces

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

Online Video Streaming

Open-source

Operating Systems

Optical Computer

Optical Fibre Cable

Optical Free Space Communication

Optical packet switch architectures

Optical Packet Switching Network

Optical Satellite Communication

Optical Switching

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Ovonic Unified Memory

Plagiarism Detection Techniques

Packet Sniffers

Palm Vein Technology

Parallel Computing In India

Parallel Databases

Param 10000

Personal Cloud Services

personal clouds accelerate

Phishing Technology

Pill Camera

Pivot Vector Space Approach in Audio-Video Mixing

Planar Separators

Plastic Memory

Platform Architectures

PON Topologies

Quantum Computing

Project Oxygen

Protein Memory

Public Key Infrastructure

Quantum Cryptography

QoS in Cellular Networks Based on MPT

Quadrics Interconnection Network

Quantum Information Technology

Real-Time Systems and Real-Time Operating Systems

Radio Frequency Light Sources

Radio Network Controller

RAIN technology

Rapid Prototyping

Real-Time Content

Refactoring

Resilient Packet Ring Technology

Robotic Surgery

Rover Technology

Satellite Radio

Seam Carving for Media Retargeting

Search by Image

Search Leads To Sales

Secure ATM by Image Processing

Security Features of ATM

Self Defending Networks

Self Organizing Maps

Self-Managing Computing

Semantic Digital Library

Sense-Response Applications

Sensors on 3D Digitization

Setting up a LAN using Linux

Short Message Service (SMS)

Significance of real-time transport Protocol in VOIP

Silent Sound Technology

Sixth Sense Technology

Social Networks That Are IT Policy Friendly

Skinput Technology

Smart Cards

Smart Fabrics

Smart Note Taker

Smart Pixel Arrays

Smart Quill

Sniffer for detecting lost mobiles

Social Literacy Skills

Social Media Privacy

Social Media Schizophrenia

Social Platforms

Socket Programming

Soft Computing

Software Reuse

Space Communications Protocol

Space Mouse

Speech Application Language Tags

Speed Detection of moving vehicle using speed cameras

Synchronous Optical Networking

Storage Area Networks

Store Management System

Structured Cabling

Surface Computer

Survivable Networks Systems

Swarm intelligence & traffic Safety

Synthetic Aperture Radar System

TCPA / Palladium

Tele Immersion

Tele-immersion

Tempest and Echelon

Terrestrial Trunked Radio

Text Mining

The integration Technology

Tsunami Warning System

The Mobile Revolution

Third Generation

Thought Leadership

Tool Command Language

Touch Screens

Transmedia Storytelling

Ubiquitous Networking

Ubiquitous Social Computing

Unicode And Multilingual Computing

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Unlicensed Mobile Access

Viruses, vulnerabilities and security holes

Virtual Instrumentation

Virtual keyboard

Virtual LAN Technology

Virtual MArketing

Virtual Private Network

Virtual Reality

Visible Light Communication

Voice morphing

Voice Over Internet Protocol

Voice Portals

Voice Quality

Wearable Bio-Sensors

Wearable Technology

Why did Microsoft Surface fail?

Windows DNA

Evolution & Journey of MS Windows

Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless Fidelity

Wireless Internet

Wireless Networked Digital Devices

Zero-Knowledge Protocols and Proof Systems

Wireless Technology

Wireless USB

Wireless Video Service in CDMA Systems

Wolfram Alpha

Word Sense Disambiguation

Workplace Monitoring

X- Internet

XML Encryption

Yii Framework

Zettabyte FileSystem

ZigBee Technolgy

This is all about the latest information technology presentation topics for students, researchers and other professionals.

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Presentation Technology

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Presentation technology refers to a wide range of applications that enable instructors to display information during a lecture. Students also use these applications when they make presentations as part of class assignments. Used to help organize presentations, show examples, and provide visual interest, these applications usually allow for some combination of text and graphics as well as embedded video. While Microsoft PowerPoint is the most commonly used, there are a range of applications that fall under this category. 

• Displaying lecture outlines, visual examples (photos, graphs, diagrams, videos) and/or instructions for classroom activities
• Displaying sample test questions or concept questions to check student understanding (possibly used with personal response systems)
• Creating opportunities for students to organize content and present to peers as part of a lecture
• Providing "skeletal" outlines that facilitate student notetaking
• Providing a resource that guides students' review of lecture material (alone or in connection with audio/video recordings of lecture)
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Apple Keynote
• Google Slides

Tips for using slides effectively

While it is easy to create slides, it is also easy to overwhelm students with these programs. Common problems include showing far too many slides in a given time period, text-heavy slides that are often difficult to read, overuse of special effects, and slideshows that are designed to keep the instructor on track rather than supporting student learning.

In addition, slide-based lectures can put students in a very passive mode of trying to absorb and record large amounts of content without having the opportunities for active engagement and processing that are necessary for understanding and long-term retention of information. Finally, processing visuals (particularly text) at the same time as listening to a lecture can create cognitive overload that interferes with learning. 

General Recommendations for Formatting Slides

• Use font size large enough to be visible, including captions and legends (look at your slides from the back of your actual classroom to check)
• Use legible color combinations (keep in mind when refering to different color items that some students are color blind)
• Use graphs rather than word-heavy charts when possible
• Display only essential information and limit the number of words/bullets per slide
• Use slides for outlines and examples rather than trying to capture every point you make
• Display only the information that will help students; find other ways to keep yourself on track for the presentation
• Distribute the slides or another outline-style handout in advance to facilitate note taking
• Avoid overly flashy transitions and special effects that can be distracting 
• Have a backup plan should the technology fail

Recommendations from Research on Promoting Learning with PowerPoint

• Make slides available to students in advance of the lecture. Students retain more of a lecture when they have access to the instructor’s slides. When they do not have such handouts, students often try to copy down both the words on the slides and the notes from what they hear.
• Minimize the use of animation to introduce new points to a single slide. PowerPoint allows a presenter to reveal each bullet point on a slide separately. However, research indicates that such an approach leads to lower retention of information, possibly because there is less time to absorb all of the material on the slide.
• Use an assertion-evidence approach to constructing slides, instead of using the default format of a title followed by bullet subpoints. With this approach, the title becomes a 1-2 line sentence that makes an assertion. The rest of the slide shows evidence to support that assertion (preferably using visuals or a combination of visuals and short explanatory text). This approach helps avoid oversimplification inherent in PowerPoint’s linear approach.
• Segment your presentation and integrate active learning. This can range from simply pausing to allow the audience time to digest the material, to having students take a moment to write down what was confusing to them, answer “clicker” questions, discuss case studies, etc. CRLT’s website has a few   resources for incorporating active learning into lectures. For examples of active learning, visit this page . 
• Provide names and definitions of key terms in advance of the lecture. Such “pre-training” allows students to better understand a complex description of a how a system works as a whole.
• Weed out any extraneous information included in the presentation. Such extraneous information puts additional demands on working memory, and decreases the ability to process and retain information.
• Signal to your audience which information is incidental (e.g., an anecdote relating to the topic) and which is essential. This can be helpful in minimizing the cognitive load of the presentation so that students are better able to process important information.
• Make sure that on-screen images and text are well aligned and synchronized, and make explicit which text applies to which image. A mismatch between visuals and verbal explanations can cause interference rather than increasing understanding.

See also References: 

• Chen, J., & Lin, T. (2011). Does downloading PowerPoint slides before the lecture lead to better student achievement? International Review of Economics Education, 10(1), 90-93.
• Mahar, S., Yaylacicegi, U., & Janicki, T. N. (2009). Less is more when developing PowerPoint animations. Information Systems Education Journal, 7(82), 1-11. [ http://isedj.org/7/82/ISEDJ.7(82).Mahar.pdf .]
• Mayer, R. E., & Moreno R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychology, 38(1), 43-52.
• Raver, S. A., Maydosz, A. S. (2010). Impact of the provision and timing of instructor-provided notes on university students’ learning. Active Learning in Higher Education, 3, 189-200.

Tips for using Prezi (or other non-linear presentation technology) creatively

Suggestions on best uses and practices for using Prezi: 

• build a resources and links (images, text, video) and build a variety of paths for connecting the material based on the audience and the place of the presentation in the curriculum; 
• experiment with a non-linear approach to a presentation in which your path through the material is not predetermined but driven by the interests of the audience; 
• use Prezi as an alternative to actually presenting, allowing audience members to work through the Prezi taking notes on important/useful points, and then engaing in a discussion in groups or with the whole class about the topic at hand; 
• use Prezi for helping students organize material, either by having them take your Prezi and think about how they’d present it, or by asking them to go through the process of laying out important information and then organizing it into a Prezi (a much less rigidly linear process than using PowerPoint).

PowerPoint, Keynote and Google Slides offer similar linear presentation style defaults (i.e. one primarily works through the slides one-at-time from beginning to end). PowerPoint can work across PC and Mac platforms, while Keynote is Mac specific and also works with iPads. Google Slides is part of the Google Apps suite designed to promote collaboration. This is a very pared down version of a presentation tool that allows multiple people to collaborate on a single presentation and store files on the web so they are available anywhere. Files can be imported into PowerPoint and made more complex.

An alternative to these products is a non-linear presentation tool, Prezi. Prezi is a web-based tool with different logic from those described above. It is based on a non-linear "palette" onto which a presenter can paste up combinations of text, images, video. Nonlinearity allows for different paths through the same information and development of a presentation based on graphic overview and easy embedding of YouTube videos. However, non-linearity can be both a challenge and an opportunity depending on your topic, how you organize your ideas, and your teaching style. In addition, zoom functions can lead to sea sickness if not used well.

For specific information about using these technologies for teaching, see the links below:

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Five ways criminals are using AI

Generative AI has made phishing, scamming, and doxxing easier than ever.

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Artificial intelligence has brought a big boost in productivity—to the criminal underworld. 

Generative AI provides a new, powerful tool kit that allows malicious actors to work far more efficiently and internationally than ever before, says Vincenzo Ciancaglini, a senior threat researcher at the security company Trend Micro. 

Most criminals are “not living in some dark lair and plotting things,” says Ciancaglini. “Most of them are regular folks that carry on regular activities that require productivity as well.”

Last year saw the rise and fall of WormGPT , an AI language model built on top of an open-source model and trained on malware-related data, which was created to assist hackers and had no ethical rules or restrictions. But last summer, its creators announced they were shutting the model down after it started attracting media attention. Since then, cybercriminals have mostly stopped developing their own AI models. Instead, they are opting for tricks with existing tools that work reliably. 

That’s because criminals want an easy life and quick gains, Ciancaglini explains. For any new technology to be worth the unknown risks associated with adopting it—for example, a higher risk of getting caught—it has to be better and bring higher rewards than what they’re currently using. 

Here are five ways criminals are using AI now. 

The  biggest use case for generative AI among criminals right now is phishing, which involves trying to trick people into revealing sensitive information that can be used for malicious purposes, says Mislav Balunović, an AI security researcher at ETH Zurich. Researchers have found that the rise of ChatGPT has been accompanied by a huge spike in the number of phishing emails . 

Spam-generating services, such as GoMail Pro, have ChatGPT integrated into them, which allows criminal users to translate or improve the messages sent to victims, says Ciancaglini. OpenAI’s policies restrict people from using their products for illegal activities, but that is difficult to police in practice, because many innocent-sounding prompts could be used for malicious purposes too, says Ciancaglini. 

OpenAI says it uses a mix of human reviewers and automated systems to identify and enforce against misuse of its models, and issues warnings, temporary suspensions and bans if users violate the company’s policies. 

“We take the safety of our products seriously and are continually improving our safety measures based on how people use our products,” a spokesperson for OpenAI told us. “We are constantly working to make our models safer and more robust against abuse and jailbreaks, while also maintaining the models’ usefulness and task performance,” they added. 

In a report from February, OpenAI said it had closed five accounts associated with state-affiliated malicous actors. 

Before, so-called Nigerian prince scams, in which someone promises the victim a large sum of money in exchange for a small up-front payment, were relatively easy to spot because the English in the messages was clumsy and riddled with grammatical errors, Ciancaglini. says. Language models allow scammers to generate messages that sound like something a native speaker would have written. 

“English speakers used to be relatively safe from non-English-speaking [criminals] because you could spot their messages,” Ciancaglini says. That’s not the case anymore. 

Thanks to better AI translation, different criminal groups around the world can also communicate better with each other. The risk is that they could coordinate large-scale operations that span beyond their nations and target victims in other countries, says Ciancaglini.

Deepfake audio scams

Generative AI has allowed deepfake development to take a big leap forward, with synthetic images, videos, and audio looking and sounding more realistic than ever . This has not gone unnoticed by the criminal underworld.

Earlier this year, an employee in Hong Kong was reportedly scammed out of $25 million after cybercriminals used a deepfake of the company’s chief financial officer to convince the employee to transfer the money to the scammer’s account. “We’ve seen deepfakes finally being marketed in the underground,” says Ciancaglini. His team found people on platforms such as Telegram showing off their “portfolio” of deepfakes and selling their services for as little as $10 per image or $500 per minute of video. One of the most popular people for criminals to deepfake is Elon Musk, says Ciancaglini. 

And while deepfake videos remain complicated to make and easier for humans to spot, that is not the case for audio deepfakes. They are cheap to make and require only a couple of seconds of someone’s voice—taken, for example, from social media—to generate something scarily convincing.

In the US, there have been high-profile cases where people have received distressing calls from loved ones saying they’ve been kidnapped and asking for money to be freed, only for the caller to turn out to be a scammer using a deepfake voice recording. 

“People need to be aware that now these things are possible, and people need to be aware that now the Nigerian king doesn’t speak in broken English anymore,” says Ciancaglini. “People can call you with another voice, and they can put you in a very stressful situation,” he adds. 

There are some for people to protect themselves, he says. Ciancaglini recommends agreeing on a regularly changing secret safe word between loved ones that could help confirm the identity of the person on the other end of the line. 

“I password-protected my grandma,” he says.  

Bypassing identity checks

Another way criminals are using deepfakes is to bypass “know your customer” verification systems. Banks and cryptocurrency exchanges use these systems to verify that their customers are real people. They require new users to take a photo of themselves holding a physical identification document in front of a camera. But criminals have started selling apps on platforms such as Telegram that allow people to get around the requirement. 

They work by offering a fake or stolen ID and imposing a deepfake image on top of a real person’s face to trick the verification system on an Android phone’s camera. Ciancaglini has found examples where people are offering these services for cryptocurrency website Binance for as little as $70. 

“They are still fairly basic,” Ciancaglini says. The techniques they use are similar to Instagram filters, where someone else’s face is swapped for your own. 

“What we can expect in the future is that [criminals] will use actual deepfakes … so that you can do more complex authentication,” he says. 

Jailbreak-as-a-service

If you ask most AI systems how to make a bomb, you won’t get a useful response.

That’s because AI companies have put in place various safeguards to prevent their models from spewing harmful or dangerous information. Instead of building their own AI models without these safeguards, which is expensive, time-consuming, and difficult, cybercriminals have begun to embrace a new trend: jailbreak-as-a-service. 

Most models come with rules around how they can be used. Jailbreaking allows users to manipulate the AI system to generate outputs that violate those policies—for example, to write code for ransomware or generate text that could be used in scam emails. 

Services such as EscapeGPT and BlackhatGPT offer anonymized access to language-model APIs and jailbreaking prompts that update frequently. To fight back against this growing cottage industry, AI companies such as OpenAI and Google frequently have to plug security holes that could allow their models to be abused. 

Jailbreaking services use different tricks to break through safety mechanisms, such as posing hypothetical questions or asking questions in foreign languages. There is a constant cat-and-mouse game between AI companies trying to prevent their models from misbehaving and malicious actors coming up with ever more creative jailbreaking prompts. 

These services are hitting the sweet spot for criminals, says Ciancaglini. 

“Keeping up with jailbreaks is a tedious activity. You come up with a new one, then you need to test it, then it’s going to work for a couple of weeks, and then Open AI updates their model,” he adds. “Jailbreaking is a super-interesting service for criminals.”

Doxxing and surveillance

AI language models are a perfect tool for not only phishing but for doxxing (revealing private, identifying information about someone online), says Balunović. This is because AI language models are trained on vast amounts of internet data, including personal data, and can deduce where, for example, someone might be located.

As an example of how this works, you could ask a chatbot to pretend to be a private investigator with experience in profiling. Then you could ask it to analyze text the victim has written, and infer personal information from small clues in that text—for example, their age based on when they went to high school, or where they live based on landmarks they mention on their commute. The more information there is about them on the internet, the more vulnerable they are to being identified. 

Balunović was part of a team of researchers that found late last year that large language models, such as GPT-4, Llama 2, and Claude, are able to infer sensitive information such as people’s ethnicity, location, and occupation purely from mundane conversations with a chatbot. In theory, anyone with access to these models could use them this way. 

Since their paper came out, new services that exploit this feature of language models have emerged. 

While the existence of these services doesn’t indicate criminal activity, it points out the new capabilities malicious actors could get their hands on. And if regular people can build surveillance tools like this, state actors probably have far better systems, Balunović says. 

“The only way for us to prevent these things is to work on defenses,” he says.

Companies should invest in data protection and security, he adds. 

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Nvidia, Powered by A.I. Boom, Reports Soaring Revenue and Profits

The Silicon Valley company was again lifted by sales of its artificial intelligence chips, but it faces growing competition and heightened expectations.

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By Don Clark

Reporting from San Francisco

Nvidia, which makes microchips that power most artificial intelligence applications, began an extraordinary run a year ago.

Fueled by an explosion of interest in A.I., the Silicon Valley company said last May that it expected its chip sales to go through the roof. They did — and the fervor didn’t stop, with Nvidia raising its revenue projections every few months. Its stock soared, driving the company to a more than $2 trillion market capitalization that makes it more valuable than Alphabet, the parent of Google.

On Wednesday, Nvidia again reported soaring revenue and profits that underscored how it remains a dominant winner of the A.I. boom, even as it grapples with outsize expectations and rising competition.

Revenue was $26 billion for the three months that ended in April, surpassing its $24 billion estimate in February and tripling sales from a year earlier for the third consecutive quarter. Net income surged sevenfold to $5.98 billion.

Nvidia also projected revenue of $28 billion for the current quarter, which ends in July, more than double the amount from a year ago and higher than Wall Street estimates.

“We are fundamentally changing how computing works and what computers can do,” Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s chief executive, said in a conference call with analysts. “The next industrial revolution has begun.”

Nvidia’s shares, which are up more than 90 percent this year, rose in after-hours trading after the results were released. The company also announced a 10-for-1 stock split.

Nvidia, which originally sold chips for rendering images in video games, has benefited after making an early, costly bet on adapting its graphics processing units, or GPUs, to take on other computing tasks. When A.I. researchers began using those chips more than a decade ago to accelerate tasks like recognizing objects in photos, Mr. Huang jumped on the opportunity. He augmented Nvidia’s chips for A.I. tasks and developed software to aid developments in the field.

The company’s flagship processor, the H100, has enjoyed feverish demand to power A.I. chatbots such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT. While most high-end standard processors cost a few thousand dollars, H100s have sold for anywhere from $15,000 to $40,000 each, depending on volume and other factors, analysts said.

Colette Kress, Nvidia’s chief financial officer, said on Wednesday that it had worked in recent months with more than 100 customers that were building new data centers — which Mr. Huang calls A.I. factories — ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of GPUs, with some reaching 100,000. Tesla, for example, is using 35,000 H100 chips to help train models for autonomous driving, she said.

Nvidia will soon begin to ship a powerful successor to the H100, code-named Blackwell, which was announced in March. Demand for the new chips already appears to be strong, raising the possibility that some customers may wait for the speedier models rather than buy the H100. But there was little sign of such a pause in Nvidia’s latest results.

Ms. Kress said demand for Blackwell was well ahead of supply of the chip, and “we expect demand may exceed supply well into next year.” Mr. Huang added that the new chips should be operating in data centers late this year and that “we will see a lot of Blackwell revenue this year.”

The comments may ease fears of a slowdown in Nvidia’s momentum.

“Lingering concerns investors had in the short term regarding an ‘air bubble’ for GPU demand seem to have vanished,” Lucas Keh, an analyst at the research firm Third Bridge, said in an email.

Wall Street analysts are also looking for signs that some richly funded rivals could grab a noticeable share of Nvidia’s business. Microsoft, Meta, Google and Amazon have all developed their own chips that can be tailored for A.I. jobs, though they have also said they are boosting purchases of Nvidia chips.

Traditional rivals such as Advanced Micro Devices and Intel have also made optimistic predictions about their A.I. chips. AMD has said it expects to sell $4 billion worth of a new A.I. processor, the MI300, this year.

Mr. Huang frequently points to what he has said is a sustainable advantage: Only Nvidia’s GPUs are offered by all the major cloud services, such as Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure, so customers don’t have to worry about getting locked into using one of the services because of its exclusive chip technology.

Nvidia also remains popular among computer makers that have long used its chips in their systems. One is Dell Technologies, which on Monday hosted a Las Vegas event that featured an appearance by Mr. Huang.

Michael Dell, Dell’s chief executive and founder, said his company would offer new data center systems that packed 72 of the new Blackwell chips in a computer rack, standard structures that stand a bit taller than a refrigerator.

“Don’t seduce me with talk like that,” Mr. Huang joked. “That gets me superexcited.”

Explore Our Coverage of Artificial Intelligence

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OpenAI said that it has begun training a new flagship A.I. model  that would succeed the GPT-4 technology that drives its popular online chatbot, ChatGPT.

Elon Musk’s A.I. company, xAI, said that it had raised $6 billion , helping to close the funding gap with OpenAI, Anthropic and other rivals.

Google’s A.I. capabilities that answer people’s questions have generated a litany of untruths and errors  — including recommending glue as part of a pizza recipe and the ingesting of rocks for nutrients — causing a furor online.

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D’Youville University in Buffalo had an A.I. robot speak at its commencement . Not everyone was happy about it.

A new program, backed by Cornell Tech, M.I.T. and U.C.L.A., helps prepare lower-income, Latina and Black female computing majors  for A.I. careers.

Publishers have long worried that A.I.-generated answers on Google would drive readers away from their sites. They’re about to find out if those fears are warranted, our tech columnist writes .

A new category of apps promises to relieve parents of drudgery, with an assist from A.I.  But a family’s grunt work is more human, and valuable, than it seems.

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Byd unveils new hybrid tech as battle with gasoline rivals heats up.

China's BYD launched on Tuesday the latest version of a plug-in hybrid technology that improves fuel and cost savings, intensifying competition with the likes of Toyota and Volkswagen that still sell mainly gasoline cars.