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English Grammar for Class 7

• English Grammar

Class 7 English Grammar - Learn the Basics of the English Language

English Grammar for Class 7 is as important as any other subject studied in this middle-school class. Students of Class 7 must master this subject in order to have a strong command of the English Language. English Grammar basically teaches us - how we speak, what we speak, to whom we speak, and when we speak appropriately. This subject is no doubt the core of learning English.

In this article, we are going to discuss Class 7 English English Grammar - where we will introduce the general Class 7th English Grammar Syllabus . Apart from this, in the end, we are providing a full-fledged grammar worksheet where the students of Class 7 can practice at their own will.

Class 7 English Grammar Book Solution - NCERT Solutions

Be any education board, you can definitely refer to NCERT Solutions to study English Grammar for Class 7 . NCERT Solutions are in fact the best grammar book existing as this book comprises the Class 7th English Grammar syllabus. Extensive and exhaustive topics of Class 7 English grammar have been discussed here. 

In the NCERT Solutions of English Grammar, the Class 7 topics that are included are as follows:

Class 7th English Grammar Syllabus - Detailed General Syllabus for Class 7 (2022-23)

The following is the general syllabus for Class 7 English Grammar:

Class 7 English Grammar Syllabus

One must thoroughly understand the course outline and syllabus before beginning class 7 english grammar . teachers will assist students by providing an overview of the curriculum and how it will enhance their learning. with helpful tools like video lessons, notes, and sample papers, class 7 english grammar solutions pdf can help students practice with assessments. class 7 english grammar syllabus the following is the class7 english grammar syllabus determiners - it generally expresses the relation of nouns or noun phrases. like some, little, each, etc. linking words - these words represent the relation between paragraphs or speech. examples of linking words are such as, and, despite, although, etc. adverbs (place and type)- it modifies the verb, adjective, or determiner in any sentence. it expresses manner, place, time, etc tense forms - these indicate the state of time and time of action. preposition - these words are used to represent the location. like at, on, in, etc conjunction - it joins two or more sentences by using words like and, or, but, etc clauses - a group of words containing a subject and a verb that have a relationship. passivisation - it indicates the transformation of a sentence from an active form to a passive form. adjectives (comparative and superlative)- these words tell the qualities of the subject, they can be used to compare them or choose superior from them. modal auxiliaries - the modal auxiliaries words are can, may, could, should, etc and these words are used to predict and express verbs. agreement of verb - it depends on the subject-verb agreement relation, which form of the verb is related to the subject. word order in sentence types - it includes the ordering of words according to sentence and type of sentence. reported speech - it tells us what a person said, but it does not use the actual words of that person. question tags - these words are used to ask questions. like what, why, how, etc.   despite these topics, some common topics will also be used in grammar every time that you studied in your primary and the last class like nouns, pronouns, articles, voices, sentence formation, etc. sentences, noun, and pronoun are used to teach in class 7 too.  , importance of english grammar for class 7, class 7 english grammar the secret to speaking english confidently and with ease is proper grammar. by being aware of your grammar, you can prevent mistakes that cause native english speakers to find your english weird. however, there are several circumstances where english grammar is particularly crucial. using proper grammar will showcase your command of the language and your dedication and attention to detail. learning english grammar makes students more self-assured and stand out in a sea of applicants. students who are proficient in english grammar are more likely to speak clearly in group discussions, interviews, and other situations, which boosts their academic and professional success prospects. english grammar is a significant factor in evaluating a student's eligibility for higher education institutions, particularly for colleges and universities abroad. grammar is even important for your social life. , class 7 worksheet with answers, class 7 worksheet with answers students find it challenging to respond to every question in the textbook when studying for exams. they must therefore employ the best study materials available to them to aid them. the difficulties they have while learning the chapters must be their primary concern. you can increase your grades by understanding the concepts in class 7 worksheets which will also help you develop your problem-solving abilities. class 7 worksheets with answers benefit students with understanding ideas and achieving higher test scores but also daily practice sheets will also assist in creating a regular study pattern. class 7 english grammar - english reading and english writing .

English Grammar for Class 7 consists of many varied topics, among which English reading and English writing must also be considered as priority by the students in order to score high marks.

In the Class 7 grammar exam, students will be judged not only on their distinctive grammar skills but also on their ability to write and read keeping in mind the use of grammar. Students will be given passages to read and comprehend themselves; this will prove their grammar efficiency level on a further basis.

English Reading and English Writing to Note

Unseen Passages - Generally, two passages will be given in the English Grammar Question Paper of Class 7 where the students will be asked to read the unseen passage and then give answers to the questions which will be asked at the end of the passages. Questions like contextual questions, give the meaning, choose the correct option, and synonyms related to the respective passage will be asked. Students are thus expected to stay vigilant and read the passage carefully to answer the questions asked correctly. 

Message Writing, Notice Writing, Postcard Writing, Paragraph Writing, Article Writing, Speech Writing, Letter Writing, Application Writing, Email Writing, and Story Writing - These writings require a good sense of English knowledge and a lot of practice from the students to write efficiently in their Class 7 English exam.

Class 7 English Grammar and More Class 7 Solutions - Exercise for Class 7

In this section, we will provide some exercise questions and their correct answers at the end of the question series:

Fill in the blanks below using a suitable word in each. Write the answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank number.

(a) _______ asking the children (b) _______ were the designers in this special programme, they did not know. There were other questions asked to the children, among which - (c) _______ of the questions asked was what life would be (d) _______ 100 years hence. 

Sitesh, one of the candidates quite wittily answered, “One thing is for sure, February (e) _______ be the longest month of the year as they add a day to it (f) _______ four years.”

Thus, we hope the study will help the Class 7 students to study English Grammar with new interest. We hope to have made the students aware of the general topics which they must study for their Class 7 English Grammar examination. We also have advised them how to score good marks in the English Reading and English Writing sections. Surely all these suggestions if utilised properly will help the students not only to score brilliant marks in the subject but also give them a good command of the English Language. 

The rules for appropriate speaking and writing are provided by grammar, and here we discussed English grammar for class 7. Grammar teaches the proper use of language in reading, listening, writing, and speaking. It works for all skills of language.  Learning grammar has many benefits like by using proper grammar, we can write properly and transmit ideas to others in a well-organized manner. We will be skilled at using words and punctuation to convey thoughts, and most readers will find them understandable due to the proper use of grammar. So, Grammar is the basis of language, and to use a properly structured sentence, every language needs its grammar rule. English grammar topics and syllabus for class 7 are mentioned in this article.

FAQs on English Grammar for Class 7

1. Name some best English grammar books for Class 7.

Some of the best grammar books for Class 7 are:

NCERT Solutions of Grammar

PICTO PEDIA.

P C Wren's Grammar 7. 

Key To Middle School English Grammar And Composition. 

Middle School English Grammar And Composition. 

The Grammar Gate Book 7. 

New Learner's English Grammar & Composition Book 7. 

The Grammar Trail For Class - VII.

2. What does the first chapter of Class 7 English Grammar discuss?

The first chapter of English Grammar is ‘Sentence’. In this chapter students are taught how to write and say a complete sentence by making sense. Further, it also teaches the students about subjects and verbs, their usage, and other important contexts. 

3. Why are students required to learn grammar?

Grammar is the most basic subject which is required to be incorporated by the Class 7 students in order to strengthen their English writing and speaking skills. Thus, grammar is of utmost requirement in the study curriculum. 

4. Is there any grammar test conducted for English Grammar for Class 7 students?

Yes, respective schools conduct half-yearly, annually, or weekly tests even for grammar subjects where the students of Class 7 are required to master the topics discussed here in the article. 

5. In CBSE what is the name of the grammar book in Class 7?

Oxford The New Grammar Tree is the name of the grammar book for students of CBSE Class 7. 

6. How can I succeed in the Class 7 Grammar exam?

To perform well in the Grammar Class 7 exam, one must understand the concepts and practice sufficiently. This encourages students to learn new things and do well in the academy. Practice should become a daily process once a student has mastered the concepts in Grammar Class 7 because it is the only way to identify strengths and shortcomings. One can practice from class 7 English grammar solutions PDF, which will guide one if one goes wrong.

7. How do you identify the voice in grammar?

There are two types of voice in English grammar- Active and passive. We can easily identify these voices. If the subject is acting, then the sentence is in active voice, and if the subject is not performing, it is simply receiving the action, then the sentence is in passive voice.

• Class 7 English Grammar Chapter 2 The Noun

Class 7 English Grammar Chapter 2 The Noun. Here, we will study about Countable and Uncountable Nouns. Examples of each type of noun are given to explain the topic properly. This chapter explains about Abstract Nouns and Material Nouns also with suitable examples. All the examples are taken from day to day life activities.

Class 7 English Grammar Chapter 2 The Noun and its Kinds

• Class 7 English Grammar Chapter 2 Revision
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• Class 7 English Grammar Main Page
• Class 7 English NCERT Solutions

Chapter 2 of Class 7 English Grammar illuminates the fascinating world of nouns, an integral aspect of the English language. Nouns are more than just names; they are labels for everything we see, feel, or imagine. Within this chapter, special emphasis is given to distinguishing between Countable and Uncountable Nouns. These classifications are crucial as they influence sentence construction and verb conjugation. Real-life examples make understanding these classifications easier, ensuring that learners can effortlessly identify and differentiate between them in their everyday conversations and writings.

Main points to be remembered

• The plural of fish is fish or fishes.
• Names of instruments that have two parts are written in plural: scissors, tweezers.
• Name of subjects are in singular but are written in plural: physics.
• Names of some games are in plural : droughts, billiards.
• Compound nouns are written in plural: maid-servants, daughters-in-law.
• Abstract nouns have no plurals.

In addition to the basic distinction, this chapter delves into other classifications, namely Abstract Nouns and Material Nouns. Abstract Nouns represent feelings, ideas, or qualities that aren’t tangible, like ‘love’ or ‘freedom.’ On the other hand, Material Nouns refer to raw materials or substances from which objects are made, such as ‘gold’ or ‘wood.’ The beauty of these classifications lies in their omnipresence in our daily lives. Every sentence we utter or scribble contains nouns, and recognizing their type and role enhances our command over English, aiding both in academic and real-world communication scenarios.

Countable Noun

1. We can put a, an or a number before countable nouns. For example : a river, an armchair, three books. 2. We use an before nouns that begin with the vowels a, e, o, i and u. For example: an artist, an eye, an insect, an oven, an umbrella. 3. We use a before nouns that begin with the other letters, which are called consonants. But some words do not follow these rules. For example: (a) a uniform, a unit, a user; an is not used here because the vowel u in these words sounds like the word you. (b) an hour, an heir an honour, a is not used here because the consonant h in these words is not pronounced.

Some words can be used both as countable and uncountable nouns

• Some houses are made of stone. (here stone is uncountable)
• Hans threw a stone at the dog. (here stone is countable)
• I do not like his work. ( = a task – uncountable)
• I like Kalidas’s works. (=books-countable)

Abstract Noun

Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action or state considered apart from the object to which it belongs. An abstract noun is the name of such type of thing which is not seen or touched but only thought of. For examples: Honey, Poverty, Beauty, Death, Happiness etc. Material Noun is usually the name of a thing out of which things are made. For example : gold, silver, iron, clay, wood, cotton, oil, curd etc. (material nouns)

Uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns can be used only in the singular form and not with indefinite articles. A or An cannot be used with them. We cannot say a brass – or an honesty. Uncountable nouns can be qualified by some, much, a little, or less; as, Some courage, a little milk, less strength etc.

The names of people and things that can be counted are countable Nouns. Concrete nouns such as pen, book, river, person, country, doctor, chair and phone are mainly countable nouns; They can be used in the Singular and the Plural; as, book – books, bench – benches, foot – feet

• The determiners a, an, or a number can be used with countable nouns in the singular form; as, a painting, an umbrella, two cupboards etc.
• Countable Nouns can be qualified by words/phrases like – a few, many, several, two or three in the plural form; as, a few mistakes, fewer boys, many cities, several boys, two girls etc.

Countable and Uncountable Noun

In the following sentences the countable nouns are and the uncountable nouns are given simultaneously. Shruti filled a jug (Countable) with milk (Uncountable).

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Viva Everyday English Grammar And Composition, NEP Edition for Class 7

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This thoroughly revised and updated edition of  Everyday English Grammar and Composition  is aligned with the activity-oriented and interdisciplinary approach to learning recommended by the  National Education Policy (2020) .

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This thoroughly revised and updated edition of  Everyday English Grammar and Composition  is aligned with the activity-oriented and interdisciplinary approach to learning recommended by the  National Education Policy (2020) . The books in this series aim to make the learning and teaching of grammar enjoyable without compromising on the rigour of the subject. Equipped with a host of new and exciting features, the chapters focus equally on the detailed explanation of grammar concepts and their application in real-life situations. A wide variety of graded exercises, reading texts and writing tasks make the course truly comprehensive.

Key features:

• Comprehensive coverage of grammar
• A variety of comprehension texts
• Pictorial warm-ups with a wide range of themes
• Interactive grammar activities and games
• Special alert boxes to hone grammar skills
• A user-friendly layout, an appealing design and colourful illustrations
• A wide range of well-graded exercises
• Integrated life skills and values
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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English

Ncert solutions for class 7 english chapter-wise – free pdf download (updated for 2023-24).

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English includes accurate and comprehensive answers to all the questions of the textbook Honeycomb provided at BYJU’S. Moreover, get detailed solutions to the questions of the supplementary book “An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader”. These NCERT solutions have been meticulously designed by our subject-matter experts in order to give you the most standard solutions available.

This is a competitive age. That is why students need to prepare themselves in the best way possible. For students, the challenge is “examinations”. To help you with that, we are offering you the most reliable NCERT Solutions for Class 7 so that you ace your exams with flying colours.

English is a very interesting subject. Not only that, but English is also a language that connects people around the globe. It is very crucial to study and practise the subject. Learners enjoy studying this subject. Here, we have provided you with well-structured NCERT Solutions. These solutions will help you understand how to frame the answers to get good scores. Studying NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Grammar helps students understand the language more effectively.

You can download the PDF version of these solutions for free, with the help of the links given below.

NCERT Solutions of Class 7 English

Here are the links to the unit-wise NCERT Class 7 English Textbook, Honeycomb, and The Alien Hand Supplementary Textbook Solutions.

Honeycomb Textbook Solutions:

In the fast-growing world, knowledge of English is necessary to express oneself adequately. In all sectors, a specialist in English is required for smooth functioning. Studying a language like English develops the reasoning capacity and thought process of an individual. Designed for this purpose, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb contains stories and poems which promote in-depth thinking.  The Class 7 English Syllabus contains creative literature by well-known authors who share their views on human emotions and life.

The following are the prose units that have been removed from the NCERT Class 7 English (Honeycomb) textbook 2023-24.

• Fire: Friend and Foe
• A Bicycle in Good Repair
• The Story of Cricket
• Garden Snake

Supplementary Textbook, The Alien Hand Solutions:

In the supplementary book, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English, The Alien Hand , students will learn 10 stories. Each chapter has different themes and provides students with good life lessons. Before moving ahead, it is important for the students to have a clear idea of the CBSE syllabus. Students will get clarity on the chapter in a concise manner by referring to the solutions available on BYJU’S. It is one of the best study materials for Class 7 students for self-study and revision.

The following are the chapters that have been removed from the NCERT Class 7 English (Honeycomb) textbook 2023-24.

• The Cop and the Anthem
• I Want Something in a Cage

When it comes to exam preparation, students find it difficult to answer all the questions present in the textbook. For this reason, they have to use perfect study material to help them. The main thing they have to consider is the problems they face while learning the chapters. Keeping these aspects in mind, students have to search for reference material to understand the topics. It also improves their ability to answer the complex questions asked in the final exam. Students can use NCERT Class 7 English Grammar to enhance their grammar skills and grasp the concepts with ease.

Download Class 7 English NCERT Solutions for a good hold on the subject.

NCERT Solutions Class 7 English

NCERT Solutions Class 7 English is designed by the faculty at BYJU’S to help students ace the exam. The solutions contain answers to all the exercise-wise questions present in the textbook so that students do not face any problems in finding the correct answer. Students can use these solutions while answering the questions from the textbook so that they will also know the other methods of answering the same question effectively. All the answers present in the solutions not only boost their exam preparation but also help them to know what kind of questions they can expect in the final exam. As the NCERT Solutions are completely based on the CBSE syllabus and guidelines, students will not find any difficulty in scoring more marks in the exam.

What are the key points of BYJU’S NCERT Class 7 Solutions?

Here are some of the most exciting features that make the NCERT Class 7 English Solutions of BYJU’S the most reliable:

• All the units of the English  NCERT Class 7 textbooks are covered.
• Solutions in PDF format can be viewed online or downloaded absolutely free of cost.
• Every solution is precise so that the students understand the concepts properly.
• The CBSE 7th Class English Solutions contains chapter-wise answers in both online and offline modes.

For more useful resources, you can download BYJU’S: The Learning App, which has a lot of interactive learning videos, live sessions, and other learning resources to make learning an enjoyable experience.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English

How are ncert solutions for class 7 english helpful for cbse board exams, which is the best site for ncert solutions for class 7 english, what is the main objective of the ncert english textbook for class 7, mention the prose and poems present in the ncert honeycomb textbook solutions for class 7 english., leave a comment cancel reply.

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The church of our savior on the spilled blood.

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Peter and paul fortress.

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Oranienbaum (Lomonosov)

Still commonly known by its post-war name of Lomonosov, the estate at Oranienbaum is the oldest of the Imperial Palaces around St. Petersburg, and also the only one not to be captured by Nazi forces during the Great Patriotic War. Founded by Prince Menshikov, Peter the Great's closest adviser, the Grand Palace is one of the most opulent examples of Petrine architecture to have survived to the present, although until very recently the palace itself has been greatly neglected. After Menshikov's death, Oranienbaum passed to the state, and was used as a hospice until, in 1743, it was presented by Empress Elizabeth to her nephew, the future Peter III. Peter made Oranienbaum his official summer residence and transformed one corner of the park, ordering the construction of a "Joke" Castle and a small citadel manned by his Holstein guards. This peculiar ensemble, called Petershtadt, was mostly demolished during Pavel's reign. Antonio Rinaldi, the Italian-born architect who also designed the Grand Palace at Gatchina and the Marble Palace in St. Petersburg, was commissioned by Peter in 1758 to build a modest stone palace next to the fortress, and this has survived.

After Peter was deposed, Rinaldi was commissioned by Catherine the Great to build the Chinese Palace, in the Upper Park, as her official country residence. However, Catherine spent little time at Oranienbaum, which she had grown to hate during her marriage to Peter, and by the end of the 18 th century the estate had been turned into a Naval Cadet College. The palace became an Imperial residence again in the reign of Alexander I, and retained that status until the Revolution, when it was immediately opened as a museum. Although never captured by the Germans, Oranienbaum was bombarded during the war and, while the Grand Menshikov Palace survived intact, its restoration was given much lower priority than the more famous estates at Peterhof and Tsarskoe Selo. Today, the small but elegant park has been almost completely restored, while the full restoration of the palaces has finally gained momentum over the last decade.

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By public transport

Electronic card "Podorozhnik" debit cards are the easiest and cheapest way to pay public transport fares for metro, bus, and trams. They can be acquired at the metro cash desks, charged at the desks or the automated ticket machines in metro stations and then used to pay metro and bus fare by simply swiping over the readers at buses or turnstiles. Funds or passes can be loaded onto the card. See info boards besides the cash desks for pricing. There is an additional RUB60 deposit for the card which will be refunded when you return it. The cards work for all metro, tram and trolleybus fares in St. Petersburg and many bus routes. Ticket controllers carry a small card reader to verify if the Podorozhnik card was swiped in the bus.

Fares can also be paid by tapping a Russian debit or credit card on the reader, but the fares are usually higher.

Saint Petersburg's metro system is the second largest in Russia, after that of Moscow . The metro is a cheap and effective way to get around the city, and also a major tourist attraction due to the beautiful decorations of the stations. Amateur photography (without a tripod, etc.) is allowed, although professional photography is prohibited. The trains are fast and run frequently. During rush hour, there are 2-3 minutes between trains. Fares , regardless of the distance traveled, are RUB49 per entry if paid via Podorozhnik debit card or RUB70 if paid by contactless Russian debit or credit card or via a token.

Opening and closing times vary; the subway is closed from approximately midnight to approximately 05:45, depending on the station.

Metro maps can be found in every train car and always have station names in the Latin alphabet. The station names on the platforms are also in the Latin alphabet, and many other signs are in English. Station announcements on the train are only in Russian, but if you listen carefully you will hear the conductor announce the current station name and the next station as the doors are closing.

Stations are deep underground, and transferring trains at transfer stations involves long walks that can take up to 10 minutes.

Trains can be extremely crowded during rush hour. Be aware of your belongings and expect to have to push your way out of the train upon arrival at your station.

Exploring more

The center has much more sights. Mars Field with the Memorial to the Revolutionary Fighters and the Eternal Flame, the Circus, wonderfully baroque Smolny Cathedral, Peter the Great's Cabin, the rolling parkland of the Tauride Palace and Gardens, Alexander Nevsky Monastery, the Yusupov Palace where Rasputin was killed (if you get the chance to see a performance in the theater inside, jump on it), the neoclassical bust-filled Summer Gardens, Mikhailovsky Castle, the Marble Palace, the small but powerfully heartrending Museum of the Defense and Blockade of Leningrad. Literary buffs should seek out Dostoevsky's local haunts, including the famous "Murder Walk" from Crime and Punishment , which will take you right from Raskolnikov's apartment to the door of the very apartment where the grisly deed was done.

Head back across the river to the Petrograd Side , past the Peter and Paul Fortress, you'll find the Saint Petersburg Mosque, the really impressive Military Museum, the museum-ship of the Cruiser Aurora, the ever... interesting Museum of Political History, and the Botanical Gardens. On Vasilievsky , the whole Neva embankment is filled with great museums and grand buildings. Especially great places to visit (aside from the aforementioned Naval Museum and Kunstkamera) include the Menshikov Palace (run by the Hermitage), the Twelve Collegia, and the Mining Museum. And don't forget to hunt down the some 3,300 year-old sphinx statues from the Theban Necropolis!

Further afield

There are many things to see in the north and south of the city—especially in the south. Southern Saint Petersburg is home to the Narva Triumphal Arch and its sister monument—the Moscow Triumphal Gate, the huge Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad (which honestly should be one of the main attractions in this city, if not for its distance from the center), Moscow Victory Park, and one of the best examples of Stalinist architecture (more interesting than you'd think) at the House of the Soviets, fronted by a very large Lenin statue. The most wonderful sight in southern Saint Petersburg, though, may be the whimsical, candy cane-colored Chesme Church.

The eastern part of the city (colloquially known as the Right bank ) is renowned for its nineteenth century industrial architecture in the districts of Okhta and Porokhovye (former gunpowder factories).

Northern Saint Petersburg is a bit less notable, but adventurous travelers can find some things of interest, especially in the old industrial district around the Finliandskii Station, at the Forestry Academy and Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery for the fallen in the Siege of Leningrad.

The naval fortress of Kronstadt at Kotlin island, nowadays accessible by road across the dam, is a very significant site for fans of the history of military architecture, and makes for enjoyable day trips by boat.

The Telegram Messenger groups SPB_Hangouts , InterNational Events , SPb Couchsurfing , Say Yes Saint Petersburg , and English Meetup Saint Petersburg all contain almost daily events for meeting locals or other foreigners, excursions, or practicing languages.

Opera and Ballet

The Mariinsky is perhaps the most well-known institution for opera and ballet, but it is by no means the only theater in the city. Tickets are sold on each theater's website, at each theatre's box office, and at kiosks and shops called Teatralnaya Kassa. Sometimes blocks of tickets sell out at the kiosks but tickets are still available at the theater, or vice versa, so it is worth checking both places if you have your heart set on a particular performance. It is possible to take not-so-small children into some performances if you take a private box, although you will need to ask when you buy your tickets.

Other Theatres

• Buff State Musical and Drama Theatre , Zanevsky Prospect, 26 , ☏ +7 812 573 95 95 . In a modern building. Offers rich program in drama performances, both classical and modern.  

The music scene in St. Petersburg is diverse, with several classical, jazz, and pop concerts to choose from each week. Tickets are available at the same Teatralnaya Kassa locations as ballet and opera tickets, although tickets to pop concerts - especially US and European stars on tour - sometimes use exclusive distributors. For pop and rock concerts, unless you buy tickets for the dance floor (tanzpol), you are expected to sit quietly in your seat as if you were at a ballet - ushers are vigilant about keeping the audience from standing up, dancing, or cheering (polite applause is allowed, but that's about all).

Several of the ballet and opera theaters above also offer orchestral and recital performances, so those are not repeated below. Also, don't forget the many small clubs where up and coming bands play.

Most cinemas in St. Petersburg show Hollywood films dubbed in Russian. Art cinemas like Dom Kino often show independent American or British movies subtitled in Russian.

Annual Message to Man international documentary, short, and animated films festival takes place in October, screening many films in English.

Canal boat tours

A tour of the canals by boat is a great way to see the city in the summer. The typical tour is through the Moika, out to the Neva to see the Peter and Paul Fortress and the Cruiser Aurora, then in through the Fontanka (sometimes as far as the Mariinsky Theater). Tours start at many points along the route and return to their starting point - hawkers for different boat companies abound on Nevsky Prospect. Boats may or may not have a cafe and toilet on board. Most tours are in Russian but English tours can booked from the Water Tourism Center . Prices range from RUB1,000 to RUB3,000.

Watch football: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg play in the Russian Premier League, the top tier of Russian football. Their home ground is Krestovsky Stadium, on Krestovsky island 10 km north of city centre. Take Metro M3 (Green Line) west towards Begovaya and get off at Novokrestovskaya. The stadium will host matches at the upcoming Euro 2020 tournament.

Viewpoints and rooftops

The best views in the city are from rooftops, such as rooftop bars and restaurants. Nice views can also be obtained by climbing the 250+ steps of St. Isaac's Cathedral. Rooftop tours , generally in Russian and costing RUB1,000, are also offered.

Tourist traps

Gypsy cabs are ubiquitous and a little risky; never take one lingering near bars/clubs where expatriates and tourists congregate.

Street children make their living out of stealing. They can be a hassle and can beg you aggressively. Act like any other Russian would: say no, then just ignore them and go away. If they start touching you, be very firm in pushing them away.

Gay travelers must practice extreme caution while staying in Saint Petersburg, as attacks often occur. Many Russian people look upon public demonstrations of homosexuality with undisguised contempt. It is advised to not openly display one's sexuality.

Natural hazards

Another subtle danger that can affect your trip is the inevitable effect of winter weather. Poor harvesting of snow and ice is a big problem in the city. Caution is advised in snowy winters because of falling ice from roofs, and pedestrians should pay special attention to ice on the streets. Snow on marble is very, very slippery—take small steps and watch your feet!

St. Petersburg regularly experienced floods during its history, sometimes catastrophic. However, the construction of the preventive dam has been completed, and catastrophic floods are unlikely to happen again.

Overall, be warned that if you are used to living in the US and/or Western Europe, Saint Petersburg, as well as the rest of Eastern Europe, will seem different, and, at times, a bit intimidating. On the other hand, Russian people are usually friendly, welcoming and interested towards foreigners, and nothing should happen to you unless you put yourself in harm's way. If you don't care about them they don't care about you, and nothing should get in your way of having a great holiday.

Saint Petersburg has a relatively big problem with street children who make their living out of stealing. They can be a hassle and can beg you aggressively. Act like any other Russian would: say no, then just ignore them and go away. If they start touching you, be very firm in pushing them away.

Another danger is the bar scams that abound in the city. Men have been known to have been drugged and robbed by women they met online or on the street. In general avoid any bar that is underground and you have to buzz to get into. Here's how the scam works: Girls approach you and invite to have drinks together, and they will even offer to pay for those drinks. They build trust and take you to other bars. After those bars they talk to a friend on the phone that says that whatever club you want to go is closed and so they take you to a scam bar. There you immediately start being served drinks and food without showing you the menu and then they charge you a ridiculous amount. Calling the police is pointless as they will not show up.

During the winter, poor clearance of snow and ice is a big problem in this city. Caution is advised in snowy winters because of falling ice from roofs, and pedestrians should pay special attention to ice on the streets.

Stay healthy

The private hospitals listed below have English-speaking Russian doctors (very few, if any, hospital staff are expats). Depending on the type of service provided and the terms of one's insurance policy, these hospitals may be able to arrange direct billing with European and American medical insurance companies.

The city's water-system is not ideal because of a number of old pipes and as a result does not provide 100% clean water (too much heavy metals). Some locals boil or also filter tap water before use; you might want to buy it bottled if water quality affects you. It's germ free, though, so brushing your teeth with it is fine—it's just not great for drinking. Cold water is cleaner than hot. Some lodging has no hot water for long periods of time.

There are numerous public toilets, although many charge a nominal fee and toilet paper is not always provided. Many canteens, restaurants, and hotels will allow tourists to use their bathrooms without being a customer.

Saint Petersburg is plagued by mosquitoes during the summer, especially in June, as the swampy surroundings of the city give the mosquitoes excellent living conditions. In budget accommodation with few countermeasures against the mosquitoes, this can be a problem at night, putting your well deserved sleep at risk. Less of an issue in the city center, mosquitoes can be much more numerous on the outskirts. They are not dangerous, though, just a nuisance.

Overnight trips

If you leave Russia and plan to return, make sure you have a multiple entry visa.

• Novgorod — Ancient town with churches and museums, 180 km from St. Petersburg, can be accessed by high-speed trains.
• Narva , Estonia — 160 km southwest of Saint Petersburg on the Narva river, which serves as the border between Russia and Estonia. Twin castles (Russian, established Grand Duke Ivan III, and Danish/Swedish).
• Vologda — this city is considered the heart of Russian North, a popular local travel destination. Reachable by overnight train, from there you can go to Moscow or further north to Arkhangelsk .
• Petrozavodsk and the rest of Karelia — popular Russian travel destination for its beautiful nature and access to White Sea islands. Reachable by overnight or high-speed train.
• Moscow — the Russian capital is reachable by overnight train or in the daytime by the high-speed Sapsan train (about 4 hr) or by plane. As much to see as in St. Petersburg, so plan on several days here.

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St. Petersburg

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St. Petersburg , city and port, extreme northwestern Russia . A major historical and cultural centre and an important port, St. Petersburg lies about 400 miles (640 km) northwest of Moscow and only about 7° south of the Arctic Circle . It is the second largest city of Russia and one of the world’s major cities. St. Petersburg has played a vital role in Russian history since its founding in 1703. For two centuries (1712–1918) it was the capital of the Russian Empire . The city is remembered as the scene of the February (March, New Style) and October (November, New Style) Revolutions of 1917 and for its fierce defense while besieged during World War II . Architecturally, it ranks as one of the most splendid and congenial cities of Europe . Its historic district was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1990. The city is also home to the 87-story Lakhta Centre, the tallest builiding in Russia and Europe and one of the tallest buildings in the world . Area city, 550 square miles (1,400 square km). Pop. (2010) 4,879,566; (2012 est.) 4,953,219.

St. Petersburg is a mecca of cultural, historical, and architectural landmarks. Founded by Tsar Peter I (the Great) as Russia’s “window on Europe,” it bears the unofficial status of Russia’s cultural capital and most European city, a distinction that it strives to retain in its perennial competition with Moscow. Three distinctive characteristics of St. Petersburg engage attention. The first is the city’s harmonious mix of western European and Russian architecture . Second is St. Petersburg’s lack of an unequivocal city centre, which, in other Russian cities of medieval origin, is defined by a kremlin and its surrounding area. The third characteristic feature of the city is its many waterways. The short but full-flowing tributaries and canals of the Neva River that stretch to the Baltic coast are inseparable from St. Petersburg’s panorama. Many of the city’s most famed architectural sites stretch along the Neva’s historic embankments. Moreover, the bridges and natural canals of the river have earned St. Petersburg the nickname “Venice of the North.” Because of St. Petersburg’s northerly location, the city enjoys the “White Nights,” from June 11 to July 2, when daylight extends to nearly 19 hours—another of St. Petersburg’s most acclaimed characteristics. Among the cultural events devoted to celebrating the White Nights are the festivals organized by the Mariinsky and Hermitage theatres and the Rimsky-Korsakov St. Petersburg State Conservatory. Each night during the White Nights, the bridges spanning the Neva are raised to let boat traffic through. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , St. Petersburg imbibed a new energy as crumbling facades, potholed roads, and cultural landmarks were renovated.

St. Petersburg is located on the delta of the Neva River , at the head of the Gulf of Finland . The city spreads across 42 islands of the delta and across adjacent parts of the mainland floodplain . The very low and originally marshy site has subjected the city to recurrent flooding, especially in the autumn, when strong cyclonic winds drive gulf waters upstream, and also at the time of the spring thaw. Exceptionally severe inundations occurred in 1777, 1824, and 1924; the last two were the highest on record and flooded most of the city. To control the destructive floodwaters, the city built in the 1980s an 18-mile- (29-km-) long dike across the Gulf of Finland. A number of canals also have been cut to assist drainage.

Greater St. Petersburg—the city itself with its satellite towns— forms a horseshoe shape around the head of the Gulf of Finland and includes the island of Kotlin in the gulf. On the north it stretches westward along the shore for nearly 50 miles (80 km) to include Zelenogorsk. This northern extension is an area of dormitory towns, resorts, sanatoriums, and children’s camps set among extensive coniferous forests and fringed by fine beaches and sand dunes. Some upper-class St. Petersburg residents also have summer cottages, or dachas, in this area. On the southern side of the gulf, the metropolitan limits extend westward to include Peterhof and Lomonosov . Eastward, Greater St. Petersburg stretches up the Neva River to Ivanovskoye.

The mitigating effect of the Atlantic Ocean provides St. Petersburg with a milder climate than might be expected for its far northern site. Nevertheless, winters are rather cold, with a mean January temperature of about 21 °F (−6 °C), a few degrees warmer than that for Moscow. Winter temperatures can drop below −40 °F (−40 °C), however. Snow cover lasts on the average about 132 days. The Neva begins to freeze normally about mid-November, and the ice is solid by the start of December; breakup begins in mid-April and usually is completed by the end of the month. Icebreakers prolong the navigation season. Summers are moderately warm, with an average temperature of 65 °F (18 °C) in July. Mean annual precipitation amounts to about 25 inches (634 mm), with the summer being the wettest period.

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