thesis paper on yoga

A Comprehensive Review of Yoga Research in 2020

Affiliations.

• 1 Advanced Yoga Research Council, AAYM, Germantown, TN, USA.
• 2 Department of Research, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, India.
• 3 Department of Cardiology, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, India.
• 4 Department of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India.
• 5 Department of Yoga, Manipur University, Imphal, India.
• 6 Department of Cardiology, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
• 7 School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
• 8 Integrative Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
• PMID: 35099279
• DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0420

Objectives: Accumulated evidence garnered in the last few decades has highlighted the role of yoga in health and disease. The overwhelming mortality and morbidity mediated by noncommunicable epidemics such as heart disease and cancer have fostered a search for mechanisms to attenuate them. Despite overwhelming success in acute care, the efficacy of modern medicines has been limited on this front. Yoga is one of the integrative therapies that has come to light as having a substantial role in preventing and mitigating such disorders. It thus seems trite to analyze and discuss the research advancements in yoga for 2020. The present review attempts to distill recent research highlights from voluminous literature generated in 2020. Methods: This review was conducted on the articles published or assigned to an issue in 2020. The authors searched the PubMed database for clinical studies published in the English language, using yoga (including meditation) as the intervention, and having an adequate description of the intervention. Then, they extracted data from each study into a standardized Google sheet. Results: A total of 1149 citations were retrieved in the initial search. Of these, 46 studies met eligibility criteria and were finally included. The studies were predominantly on mental health and neuropsychology, addressing various issues such as anxiety, postural balance, migraine, academic performance, and childhood neglect. Anxiety, stress, and depression were other common denominators. Eight studies were on cardiorespiratory systems, including exercise capacity, cardiac rehabilitation, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Three studies were on diabetes, evaluating the effect of yoga. Five studies focused on cognition, health status, and autonomic regulation and few others included cancers, infertility, ulcerative colitis, urinary incontinence, restless leg syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pain, and metabolic syndrome. Finally, most studies were on noncommunicable diseases with one exception, human immunodeficiency virus; two randomized controlled trials were dedicated to it. Conclusions: Yoga has been studied under a wide variety of clinicopathological conditions in the year 2020. This landscape review intends to provide an idea of the role of yoga in various clinical conditions and its future therapeutic implications.

Keywords: clinical research; meditation; trials; yoga.

Publication types

• Chronic Pain*
• Meditation*
• Mental Health

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Psychophysiological effects of yoga on stress in college students

Mahesh narain tripathi.

Department of Yoga and Management, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Sony Kumari

Tikhe sham ganpat.

1 Department of Yoga, Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis, Bhadbhada Square, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

College students are vulnerable to a critical period in developmental maturation, facing rigorous academic work, and learning how to function independently. Physical activities such as running and bicycling have been shown to improve mood and relieve stress. However, college students often have low levels of physical activity. Yoga is an ancient physical and mental activity that affects mood and stress. However, studies examining the psychophysiological effects of yoga are rare in peer-reviewed journals. The aim of this study is to establish preliminary evidence for the psychophysiological effects of yoga on stress in young-adult college students. The present study suggests that yoga has positive effects on a psychophysiological level that leads to decreased levels of stress in college student. Further research is needed to examine the extent to which different types of yogic practices address the needs of different college subpopulations (e.g., overweight, sedentary, and smokers).

Introduction

About 40%–50% of college students are physically inactive. Similarly, it was found that college students’ physical activity has been seriously neglected as a research topic, there is a lack of multiple-level approaches (i.e., personal, psychosocial, and environmental levels) for examining physical activity behaviors in the college student population and measures of physical activity are subjective and inconsistent which makes comparisons of physical activity patterns among different samples very difficult or impossible.[ 1 ] Similarly, the available research indicates that the prevalence of stress is increasing among college students.[ 2 ] The previous study reported that yoga reduces menstrual cramps and menstrual distress in female undergraduate students with primary dysmenorrhea.[ 3 ] The psychophysiological changes that characterize the efficacy of yoga for better stress management in college students have not been studied adequately.

Participation in physical activity on a regular basis is one of the primary factors in maintaining sound health in modern society. Due to sedentary lifestyle leading many health-related issues, the prevalence of physical inactivity among college students calls for immediate action.[ 4 ] Along with aerobics and dance, yoga is one of the most famous physical activity that college girl student would like to prefer as a choice.[ 5 ] Physical activity such as yoga is a key element in health promotion. The traditional expressions of yoga as a lifestyle is firmly rooted in and committed to the classic texts (e.g., Yoga Sutra by Patanjali, Hatha Yoga texts like Hatha Yoga Pradeepika, Gheranda Samhita) and embrace the concept of the eight limbs, or aspects, of yoga. In more specific, the eight limbs are of great interest to yogis who seek to adhere to yoga as a philosophical foundation for life, rather than solely a physical practice.[ 6 ] Therefore, yoga is essentially an art and science of holistic living; an effective method for improving health in addition to the prevention and management of diseases.[ 7 ] Yoga reduces stress through reducing sympathetic activity,[ 8 , 9 ] and improves the sense of general well-being.[ 10 ]

Stress and college student

Stress affects college students’ physical, mental, social, and intellectual health. College student will not always possess the necessary stress management skills and coping strategies. Physical activity is one coping strategy that is perhaps underutilized by many college students.[ 11 ] Many systematic reviews and different studies on effects on yoga for stress management in college students revealed positive effects of yoga (as a mind-body intervention) on stress reduction in college student.[ 12 , 13 , 14 ]

Physiological effects of yoga in college students

Yoga holds potential as a self-empowering, nonpharmacological method for enhancing stress management, and wellness in college students.[ 15 ] It was reported that Pranayama training decreases sympathetic activity, resulting in mental relaxation and decreased autonomic arousal thereby, decreasing force fluctuations during isometric contraction. This was reflected as improvement in hand grip strength and endurance in medical students.[ 16 ] In one study aimed at investigating the effect of integrated yoga on autonomic parameters and psychological well-being during both pre- and post-phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young female controls, it was observed that there was a significant alteration of autonomic functions and psychological status in premenstrual phase when compared with postmenstrual phase in young healthy females. In addition, it was revealed that regular practice of yoga has beneficial effects on both phases of menstrual cycle by bringing parasympathetic dominance and psychological well-being probably by balancing neuro-endocrinal axis.[ 17 ]

Psychological effects of yoga in college students

It was observed that Suryanamaskara, a yogic practice was effective in leading to relaxation dispositions such as physical relaxation, mental quiet, at ease/peace, rested and refreshed, strength and awareness and joy and reduces sleepiness, somatic stress, worry and negative emotion at a dispositional level.[ 18 ] Yogic practices play an important role in enhancing emotional sensitivity,[ 19 ] sustained attention,[ 20 ] mental performance,[ 21 ] and balance personality trait[ 22 ] among students, thus paving the way for their academic excellence. Yoga also reduces perceived stress and negative affects in college students thereby improving psychological well-being in them.

Suggested evidence-based yoga therapy protocol for college students

Based on clinical management and psychophysiological effects of yoga in college students, the suggested evidence-based yoga therapy for college students may include following yogic practices:[ 11 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 23 , 24 ]

• Starting Prayer
• Kapalbhati Kriya (frontal brain cleansing), Agnisar Kriya (activating the digestive fire)
• Hands in and out breathing, hands stretch breathing, ankle stretch breathing
• Jogging, forward and backward bending, side bending, twisting
• Surya namaskara (salutations to the sun practice)
• Tadasan (palm tree pose), Vrikshasana (tree pose), Padahastasan (hand to foot pose), Ardha Chakrasana (half wheel pose), Bhujangasana (cobra pose), Shalabhasana (locust pose)
• Quick Relaxation Technique
• Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama (psychic network purification), Sheetali Pranayama (cooling breath), Seetkari Pranayama (hissing breath), Bhramari Pranayama (humming bee breath)
• Om Meditation
• Closing Prayer.

The present review study suggests that yoga has positive effects on psychophysiological level that leads to increased academic performance in college student. Further research on the relationship between yoga practice and college students is warranted to confirm the efficacy of yoga and to include it in the syllabus of the college student.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

• Essay On Yoga

Essay on Yoga

500+ words essay on yoga.

Yoga is an Art and Science of healthy living. It is a spiritual discipline based on an extremely subtle science, which focuses on bringing harmony between mind and body. The holistic approach of Yoga brings harmony to all walks of life. Yoga is also known for disease prevention, promotion of health and management of many lifestyle-related disorders. Through this Essay on Yoga, students will get to know the importance and benefits of performing yoga. By going through this essay , students will get different ideas on how to write an effective Essay on Yoga in English to score full marks in the writing section.

Meaning of Yoga

The word yoga literally means “to yoke” or “union”. More than just a practice of physical exercises, Yoga is the coming together of the individual self or consciousness, with the infinite universal consciousness or spirit. Yoga is a method of inquiry into the nature of the mind, which emphasises practice and direct experience. Yoga is an ancient art based on a harmonising system for development of the body, mind, and spirit. Yoga signifies the ‘integration of personality at the highest level. It includes various practices and techniques mentioned in the yogic literature and is collectively referred to as ‘Yoga’.

Importance of Yoga

Yoga encourages a positive and healthy lifestyle for the physical, mental and emotional health of children. Yoga helps in the development of strength, stamina, endurance and high energy at the physical level. It also empowers oneself with increased concentration, calm, peace and contentment at a mental level leading to inner and outer harmony. With the help of yoga, you can manage daily stress and its consequences.

Yoga brings stability to the body and the wavering mind. It increases the lubrication of joints, ligaments, and tendons of the body. Studies in the field of medicine suggest that Yoga is the only form of physical activity that provides complete conditioning to the body because it massages all the internal organs and glands. It reduces the risk of many diseases. Yoga can create a permanently positive difference in the lifestyle of anybody practising it on a regular basis.

Benefits of Yoga

Yoga is a perfect way to ensure overall health and physical fitness. The physical building blocks of yoga are posture (asana) and breath. Through meditation, and breathing exercises (called pranayama), you can banish all your stress and lead a healthy life. In fact, it is one of the best remedies known to humankind, for curing chronic ailments that are otherwise difficult to be cured by other medications. People suffering from backaches and arthritis are often suggested to do asanas that concentrate on the exercise of the muscles at strategic locations. Pranayamas are the best breathing exercises to increase the capacity of the lungs.

A series of poses held in time with breathing, helps every part of the body. Yoga increases strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance. It increases the ability to perform activities, provides more energy and gives a restful sleep. Performing yoga daily helps in building muscular strength. The different asanas make the body more flexible. Moreover, yoga prevents cartilage and joint breakdown, increases blood flow, and lowers blood sugar. The most important benefit of yoga are its application in relieving stress, fatigue, invigoration and vitality. Yoga works as an immunity booster and gives peace of mind.

The amazing thing about Yoga is that its positive effects on the health and mind are visible over time. Another speciality about Yoga is its wide choice of asanas. Depending upon your stamina and overall health, you can choose from mild pranayamas and asanas to high-intensity asanas. It is a medication without the actual use of medicines. Moreover, no visible side effects are associated with the practice of Yoga on a regular basis. All you need to know is the most appropriate asanas according to the ability and structure of your body. Also, you need to learn the right way of performing the asanas because any wrong attempt can cause sprains and injuries.

Yoga practice is safe and can bring many health benefits to practitioners. The beauty of Yoga is that it can be practised by anyone. It doesn’t matter how old you are or what shape you are in. Yoga increases an individual’s physical coordination and promotes better posture. It helps stimulate the circulatory system, the digestive process as well as the nervous and endocrine systems. Yoga is dynamite to make you feel younger, refreshed and energetic.

Yoga is the perfect example of holistic health because of its combination of mind and body. It has become more popular than ever, with celebrities, politicians, business people, and people from every walk of life currently practising. Yoga is a multidisciplinary tool extremely useful to purify the mind and body and gain control over our minds and emotions. It is the most popular means for self-transformation and physical well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions on Essay on Yoga

Why is yoga important.

Regular Yoga practice can help in body relaxation and flexibility. Relieves chronic stress and releases mental distress.

What are the benefits of Yoga?

Yoga makes the body flexible and improves breathing patterns. It can help build muscle strength and regulate blood flow. Practising yoga regularly thus helps keep diseases away and improves immunity

Mention a few easy Yoga poses.

Padmasana (sitting pose), tadasana (mountain pose), and balasana (Child’s pose) are three examples of yoga poses.

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102 Yoga Topics to Write about

🏆 best yoga project ideas and examples, 📌 most interesting yoga topics for presentation, 👍 good yoga research topics, ❓ yoga research paper topics.

• Yoga for Stress Management For instance, Karma yoga, which is one of Yoga types, aids in controlling stress through the development of appropriate attitudes in relation to work environment coupled with enhancing the ability to respond positively to professional […]
• The Art of Yoga and Meditation Breathing, i.e, circulation of air through the body, and consequently circulation of inadequate blood measure through different parts of the body, happens to be the mainstay of the healing process of Yoga.
• Benefits and Drawbacks of Yoga and Meditation in Schools Educators and mental health professionals contributed considerably to the development of a wide range of programs aimed at improving the overall well-being of students in all areas of their life.
• Yoga Center’s Extended Service Marketing Mix From the case study, the yoga center faces fluctuation in demand across the seasons, and in the day, it lacks customer retention capacity, problems in booking programs, and, finally, the yoga faces challenges of training […]
• Yoga Practice and Its Benefits Long before I joined yoga, I used to think “going to the yoga mat” referred to going to the hall in which yoga was practiced.
• Yogic Meditation Practice in Personal Experience I was looking forward to the third session of meditation as it had to be a relaxation after the difficult day.
• School-Based Yoga Program for Adolescents’ Mental Health The central aim of the research was to find the effectiveness of the therapeutic intervention. The central focus of the research was to validate the effectiveness of a yoga-based program.
• Health Benefits of Yoga and Pilates In this state, it is capable of regulating the body’s processes, can conceive of the events that are occurring around it and yet remain unaffected and unconcerned with these issues as it works to heal […]
• Yoga Philosophy in Bhagavad Gītā Epic It is in the form of a dialogue. Arjuna is the prince of Pandava.
• Prenatal Yoga for Women Health Sleeping abdominal stretch pose, and flapping fish pose are effective in preventing constipation during pregnancy while half butterfly pose is helpful in alleviating edema in during pregnancy.
• Yoga Classes at Torrens University If not enough students pay attention to the initiative, a more effective and targeted marketing campaign in social media can be conducted, involving additional motivation.
• Stress Management Techniques for Students: Yoga Yoga’s most major benefits are its capacity to relieve stress and exhaustion, to stimulate and revive, and to be used for anti-aging and calming treatment.
• Zaccari et al. (2020). “Yoga for Veterans With PTSD”: Content, Strength, and Weaknesses This discussion reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the method, sampling, and validity of Zaccari et al.research. The assertions reported in the article are supported by cited and referenced scientific studies, which enhances the validity […]
• Analysis of Yoga’s Effect on Health Yoga is a concept that signifies a set of spiritual, mental, and physical practices aimed at managing the cognitive and physiological functions of the body.
• Catholic-Hindu Dialogue: Yoga and Lent Jesus welcomes us to slacken our hold on the common concerns and to arrange ourselves to what in particular is generally fundamental: to cherish each other, to focus on the entirety of creation, and to […]
• The Case of Body-Positive Yoga The described problems seem to be the basis of why body shaming has such a negative impact today. Body positivity is the only way to face the body-shaming challenge today.
• Workplace Yoga Reducing Stress in Employees Since the key idea of a project is to sell the yoga and meditation practice program to the other departments of a firm, it is important to understand the expected benefits.
• The Different Disciplines of Yoga Additionally, it gives the general characteristics of people who practice yoga as well as their view on the importance of the practice to their health.
• Prenatal Yoga: Description, Aspects, and Benefits Practicing yoga leads to the overall conditioning of the mind and body of the yoga student. In addition to this, the classes present a good opportunity for connections to be made as to the various […]
• Unique Characteristics of Hinduism and Its Methods: Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, and Raja Yoga It is a part of Vedanta tradition, which is a school of Hindu philosophy. That is why there is a platform with sacred religious books, such as The Texts of Taoism and The Bible.
• Yoga and Stress Reduction The aim of practicing yoga is to “unite” one’s body, mind and spirit. Raja yoga is yoga of the mind.
• Benefits of Yoga Analysis The aim of Yoga is to unite the body, mind and the spirit. The mind and the body are one and if taken to the right environment and given the right tools, it can find […]
• Preventing the Injuries of Athletes: Yoga and Soft Exercises The injuries sustained by athletes can pose a serious threat to the career of these people. This paper will focus on the use of yoga and soft exercises as the techniques that can be useful […]
• Hinduism in the West and Transformation of Yoga The religious encounter issue examined in this case study is appropriation and transition of the Hindu religious and cultural practice of yoga for mass adoption in the West.
• The Documentary “Origins of Yoga: Quest for the Spiritual” In the film, it is noted that people who decided to devote their lives to the practice of yoga would leave their homes, “abandon the conventional life” and the “householder stage” to “wander around in […]
• Current Evidence of the Clinical Effects of Yoga Studies were done to study the effects of yoga on the fitness levels of the elderly. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the effect of yoga outside of controlled studies.
• Yoga for Depression and Anxiety A simple definition of yoga will lead people to generalize it as a system of exercise and a kind of mindset that would result in the union of mind and body.
• Sri Aurobindo: integral yoga These varieties of philosophies and religions all have a clue of the truth in them, or an aspect of the truth. This transformation from a human soul to a divine soul is what Sri said […]
• The disconnect between tradition and contemporary practice in yoga Traditional yoga is the epitome of spirituality for it seeks to cease the agitation of the consciousness. The spirituality of yoga is concerned with the human condition and how to manage the flaws of humanity.
• Yoga and its separation from tradition The disconnection between traditional practices and outcomes is evident, in that disbelief and inability to concentrate and practice overtake the benefits and positives of yoga.
• Yoga Relaxation Exercises To begin with, guided relaxation is one of the best relaxations that involve relaxing all the body muscles in a comfortable position as one imagines a smile. This exercise is referred to as eyes on […]
• The Meditation and the Yoga as the Spiritual Performance
• Should Yoga be Made a Part of Physical Education in Public Schools
• An Analysis of the Age-Old Set of Exercise Known in the West as Yoga
• Evaluating the Addition of Hatha yoga in Cardiac Rehabilitation
• The Science Of Yoga And How Does It Affect Human Beings
• The Benefits of Yoga to High School Students
• How Can Yoga Help You With Loosing Your Weight
• Yoga and Music Therapy as Effective Methods of Stress Management
• Effect Of Yoga Nidra On Blood Pressure
• How Yoga Affects The Mind And Academics
• An Analysis of the Methods of Yoga in the Meditation
• Yoga: Yoga and Breathing Techniques
• Yoga and Mental Health – the Benefits of Yoga on Stress and Anxiety in Adults
• The Benefits of Yoga and Mindfulness on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• An Analysis of Yoga’s Paths to Enlightenment in Hinduism
• Examining the Impacts of Regular Bikram Yoga Practice on Health, Stress and Anxiety
• The Effects Of Yoga On The Human Body
• The Psychological Benefits Of Yoga And Meditation
• Healing the Body and Mind with Yoga
• The Treatment Of Trauma And How Yoga May Be An Integral
• Distinction Between Chinese Yoga And Japanese Yoga
• The Important Role Of Yoga In Digestive System
• The Yoga Sutras, The Science Of The Mind, Body And Spirit
• The Principles, Benefits, and Modern Day Practices of Yoga
• Yoga For Modern City Life Yoga Helps Ease Modern Stress
• The Attitude Of Modern People To Yoga
• Yoga For Beginners How To Take Those First Steps Into Yoga
• Yoga and its Positive Effects on the Mind and Body
• Yoga in Buddhism and Hinduism
• The Beneficial Impact of Spiritual Cleansing and Meditative Yoga Exercise on an Individual’s Physical and Mental Health
• The Practice of Yoga and Its Positive Effects on the Body and Soul
• Harvard’s Jack Welch Award and Yoga Master Bikram Choudhury
• How To Find Centers For Top Luxury Yoga Retreats
• How to Relieve Stress and Anxiety Through Yoga
• Analysis of the Market Offer for Women’s Yoga Clothing of Lululemon
• The Use Of Yoga And Standard Physical Therapy
• The Effect Of Yoga On Young Adolescents
• How Yoga Can Help Relieve The Stress That College Students
• How Yoga Can Be Used to Improve the Health of AIDS Patients
• Use Of Yoga In An Urban School For Children With Emotional Behavioral Disorders
• What Is the Importance of Yoga in Our Daily Life?
• What Is the Best Yoga for Beginners?
• What Is the Latest Trends in Yoga?
• What Yoga Postures Help With Back Pain?
• What Is Dark Yoga?
• What Are the Basic Steps to Do Yoga for a Beginner?
• What Are the Health Benefits of Yoga?
• When Is the Best Time of Day to Practice Yoga?
• What Should Everyone Know About Yoga?
• What’s the Difference Between Meditation and Yoga?
• Which Yoga Reduce the Stomach Fat?
• Which Is Better, Yoga or a Morning Walk?
• What Are the Negative Effects of Yoga?
• What Are the Disadvantages of Yoga?
• Can Yoga Help in Reducing Hair Fall?
• Is Yoga a Sin in Christianity?
• How Is Yoga a Stress Remover?
• What Is an Alternative to Yoga?
• How Much Time Does It Take To Lose Weight Doing Yoga?
• What Is the Best Type of Yoga for Fitness?
• Why Don’t People in India Use Yoga Specific Wears While Performing Yoga?
• How Does One Learn Yoga by Oneself?
• What Does Catholic Church Say About Yoga?
• Does Super Brain Yoga Really Work?
• How Can Yoga Affect Your Mental Health?
• Does Yoga Promote Muscle Growth?
• Are There Any Yoga Asanas to Increase Height?
• Is It Better to Do Naked Yoga or Clothed Yoga?
• Which Is the Best Yoga for Diabetes?
• What Are the Advantages of Yoga and Medititation?
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Essay on Yoga for Students and Children

Yoga is an ancient art that connects the mind and body. It is an exercise that we perform by balancing the elements of our bodies. In addition, it helps us meditate and relax.

Moreover, yoga helps us keep control of our bodies as well as mind. It is a great channel for releasing our stress and anxiety . Yoga gained popularity gradually and is now spread in all regions of the world. It unites people in harmony and peace.

Origin of Yoga

Yoga essentially originated in the subcontinent of India. It has been around since ancient times and was performed by yogis. The term yoga has been derived from a Sanskrit word which translates to basically union and discipline.

In the earlier days, the followers of Hinduism , Buddhism, and Jainism practiced it. Slowly, it found its way in Western countries. Ever since people from all over the world perform yoga to relax their minds and keep their bodies fit.

Furthermore, after this popularity of yoga, India became known for yoga worldwide. People all over the world have started to realize the benefits of yoga. Several workshops are held and now there are even professional yogis who teach this ancient practice to people so they can learn about it.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Benefits of Yoga

Yoga has numerous benefits if we look at it closely. You will get relief when you practice it regularly. As it keeps away the ailments from our mind and body. In addition, when we practice several asanas and postures, it strengthens our body and gives us a feeling of well-being and healthiness.

Furthermore, yoga helps in sharpening our mind and improving our intelligence . We can achieve a higher level of concentration through yoga and also learn how to steady our emotions. It connects us to nature like never before and enhances our social well-being.

In addition, you can develop self-discipline and self-awareness from yoga if practiced regularly. You will gain a sense of power once you do it consistently and help you lead a healthy life free from any problems. Anyone can practice yoga no matter what your age is or whichever religion you follow.

21st of June is celebrated as International Day of Yoga where people are made aware of the benefits of yoga. Yoga is a great gift to mankind which helps us keep better and maintain our health. You also develop a higher patience level when you practice yoga which also helps in keeping the negative thoughts away. You get great mental clarity and better understanding.

In short, yoga has several benefits. Everyone must practice it to keep their health maintained and also benefit from it. It is the secret to living a healthy and long life without the use of any artificial means like medicines or any other shortcuts of any kind.

FAQs on Yoga

Q.1 Write about the origin of Yoga.

A.1 If we look at the history, we see that Yoga originated in India. This ancient practice began when various yogis started performing yoga. Yoga translates to union and discipline and is derived from the Sanskrit language. The religious followers of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism used to practice it in the earlier days.

Q.2 What are the benefits of Yoga?

A.2 Yoga has not one but many benefits. It helps in keeping our mental and physical health intact. It helps us to connect to nature. Furthermore, your body becomes more flexible after consistent yoga practice and you also develop a great sense of self-discipline and self-awareness. In short, it improves our well-being and gives us better mental clarity.

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Tufts seniors see their academic achievements come to fruition, one thesis at a time

Seniors julio dominguez, olivia calkins and becca kaplan discuss thesis origins and research..

Olivia Calkins examines cells under a microscope in the Kaplan Lab in the Science and Technology Center on Nov. 17, 2023.

As the Class of 2024 approaches the end of their final semester at Tufts , some have concluded this year with a senior thesis, a culmination of their academic journey. These students have worked incredibly hard throughout the year to complete extensive papers and capstone projects in their respective courses of study.

Julio Dominguez  is a senior double-majoring  in sociology and international relations. Dominguez wrote his senior thesis on how second-generation Latinos balance their ethnicities and sexuality.

“ I’m  looking at how they balance and navigate these different identities ,” Dominguez said. “ [Queer Latinos a re] very marginalized since their forms of masculinity are not aligned with hegemonic masculinity … [and] Latino circles  … tend to be very homogenous thinking, especially in terms of culture and expectations.”

For his thesis, Dominguez pulled from his own lived experiences.

“ I, m yself, am a queer, second-generation Latino. My parents are also foreign-born,” Dominguez said. “I’ve always had these tensions, and there’s a lot of literature on the subject.”

Dominguez views these cultural expectations as something that causes queer individuals to hide or conceal their sexuality. When researching these themes, he focused on literature relating to queer identities, masculinity and belonging.

“ I  attem pted to look at masculinity as a very multifaceted topic in the sense that there’s so many different types of masculinity that people can perform or embody,” Dominguez said. “ Gender itself exists in a hierarchy .  … A t the top is this form of hegemonic masculinity that essentially   perpetuates these marginalizations of other masculinities.”

To incorporate more perspectives into his thesis, Dominguez also interviewed 12 people about their personal experiences.

“ In ter ms of recruitment, I couldn’t find too many people … there was sort of a lack of community for them, ” Dominguez said.

Dominguez also noted that a hookup culture contributes to this lack of community.

“Ge nerally, many queer second-generation Latino men aren’t friends with many people of the same community,”  Dominguez said. “[And there is a] stigma of like, ‘Oh, they’re messy,’ and many of them have hooked up with each other.”

Dominguez recommends pursuing a senior thesis, especially on a topic that is particularly important to you.

“I was able to employ my own positionality [and] perspectives on different issues,” Dominguez said. “It was very empowering.”

Dominguez will be working for the nonprofit organization Teach for America  for two years, and is interested in attending graduate school after.  

Olivia Calkins  is a senior majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in both food systems and cellular agriculture. Calkins was first introduced to the idea of cultivated meat while taking an introductory biomedical engineering course with p rofessor David Kaplan  during her freshman year.

“I took a BME class with Dr . David Kaplan, and on the first day, he was talking about how he works on cultivated meat, which is growing meat in a lab to essentially completely replace animal agriculture,”  Calkins said. “That helps not only the environment, but also my personal interest in animal welfare. And then I was like, ‘This is the perfect combination.’”

After reaching out to Professor Kaplan, Calkins got to work in his lab during her freshman summer . Within the Kaplan Lab , Calkins developed a particular interest in insect cell culture, which develops insect cell lines for food purposes. Specifically, the lab works with the tobacco hornworm  caterpillar.

“ The reason why insect cells are so beneficial to this field is because they’re able to grow at ambient room temperature, and they can withstand fluctuations in pH , and if you are thinking about growing meat for so many people, you want cells that are so adaptable,”  Calkins said.

This interest in insect cells eventually developed into a full-fledged senior thesis.

“Specifically, my t hesis is focused on scaling up insect cells [and] making them more adaptable to be able to grow,”  Calkins said. “I rea lly just wanted to tie [my research] all together in this one nice project and then share with everyone.”

Calkins’ senior thesis includes a written paper and a defense, which consists of a presentation of her research and time for questions from professors.

“ I’ve bee n really focused on building this story over the past year, ” Calkins said. “ It’s b een such a good learning opportunity for me to actually have independence and control over my projects.”

After graduation, Calkins plans to dedicate time to exploring a potential specialization before entering a Ph.D . prog ram.

Becca Kaplan  is a senior double-majoring in English and political science. Kaplan recently completed her English senior thesis entitled “ Split at the Root: A Critical Analysis of the Intersectional Feminism of Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde .”

“ [I was] s pecifically looking at Adrienne Rich  and Audre Lorde , and how intersectionality, which is really a new term, came to fruition in practice much earlier,” Kaplan said. “So, f or Audre Lorde, she is both black and queer and also a feminist. For Adrienne Rich, she is a feminist but also Jewish and queer. So [I am] talking about their work and seeing how all of those identities are intertwined and expressed in their poetry and their prose.”  

Kaplan originally became interested in Adrienne Rich’s poems after taking an English course titled American Women Writers .

“We wer e reading her poetry and I was like, ‘This is amazing, and totally speaks to something that I felt in my life,’”  Kaplan said.  “So, I bought the whole book, read all of that poetry and just became kind of obsessed with her.”

Similar to Dominguez, Kaplan was inspired by her own experiences.

“It was re ally cool to see some of my own identities in their work, and how I can relate to what they’ve written,”  Kaplan said. “I think that was really the inspiration for [my thesis]: how Judaism and queerness has impacted my own version of feminism, and seeing how that has worked for these two women.”

Kaplan’s paper is around 40 pages, but English theses can range from  35 to more than 80 pages.

“It’s a very di fferent project than anything I’ve done,” Kaplan said. “This is so much longer, so the focus is not just the one thesis that you’re carrying all the way through. It’s essentially a bunch of mini essays together that all have a general overarching theme.”

Kaplan plans to work after graduation but hopes to later return to school for a Ph.D. in English.

Spanning sociology, English and engineering, each thesis is a unique reflection of these seniors’ passions and learnings from the past four years.

Peace in the unknown: Maddy Noah looks back on her time at Tufts

Senior Profile: Carl Svahn brings his love for art, journalism to the Daily and beyond

Breaking the mold: Unique double majors explore intersection of humanities, STEM

Letter to the editor, op-ed: today’s jewish life remains connected as ever to the past, faculty told to prepare for upcoming budget cuts, op-ed: tufts administration should respect protesters, not silence them, tufts denies medford alpha epsilon pi’s affiliation request.

For immediate release | May 15, 2024

ALA’s Office for Intellectual Freedom to benefit from new book of essays

CHICAGO — A new book of essays, “Why Books Still Matter,” inspired by the late First Amendment champion Joyce Meskis, has been released this month, with proceeds going to the American Library Association’s Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF).

Meskis, who owned the celebrated independent bookstore Tattered Cover in Denver, was a fierce opponent of book banning, and 16 luminaries in book-related fields and the U.S. Senate have contributed to the book, which is edited by Karl Weber and published by Rivertowns Books .

“The topics of the essays in ‘Why Books Still Matter’ are some of the most important in our country right now, from freedom of speech and censorship to representation so people can see themselves reflected in books and to build empathy,” said ALA President Emily Drabinski. “We are deeply thankful that the proceeds of the book will be donated to ALA’s Office for Intellectual Freedom to champion libraries in this current landscape of increasing book challenges throughout the country.”

The ALA saw a record 4,240 unique book titles targeted for censorship in 2023, a 65 percent increase from 2022, when 2,571 titles were challenged. OIF tracked 1,247 demands to censor library books, materials and resources in 2023. For additional information about book challenges and how to fight them, visit the Unite Against Book Bans website.

Here are a few of the contributing essayists to the book:

• U.S. Sen. John Hickenlooper of Colorado lauds the mission that Meskis embraced: “The more books we can put in people’s hands, the better the world will be.”
• Nick Higgins and Amy Mikel of the Brooklyn Public Library discuss an award-winning program to make banned books available to young people in communities across the country.
• Civil liberties attorney Steve Zansberg describes a new way to think about the right to free expression and its role in a democratic society.

About the American Library Association

The American Library Association (ALA) is the foremost national organization providing resources to inspire library and information professionals to transform their communities through essential programs and services. For more than 140 years, the ALA has been the trusted voice for academic, public, school, government, and special libraries, advocating for the profession and the library's role in enhancing learning and ensuring access to information for all. For more information, visit www.ala.org .

Jean Hodges

American Library Association

Communications, Marketing & Media Relations Office

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Book Review: Memoirist Lilly Dancyger’s penetrating essays explore the power of female friendships

This cover image released by Dial Press shows “First Love” by Lilly Dancyger. (Dial Press via AP)

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Who means more to you — your friends or your lovers? In a vivid, thoughtful and nuanced collection of essays, Lilly Dancyger explores the powerful role that female friendships played in her chaotic upbringing marked by her parents’ heroin use and her father’s untimely death when she was only 12.

“First Love: Essays on Friendship” begins with a beautiful paean to her cousin Sabina, who was raped and murdered at age 20 on her way home from a club. As little kids, their older relatives used to call them Snow White and Rose Red after the Grimm’s fairy tale, “two sisters who are not rivals or foils, but simply love each other.”

That simple, uncomplicated love would become the template for a series of subsequent relationships with girls and women that helped her survive her self-destructive adolescence and provided unconditional support as she scrambled to create a new identity as a “hypercompetent” writer, teacher and editor. “It’s true that I’ve never been satisfied with friendships that stay on the surface. That my friends are my family, my truest beloveds, each relationship a world of its own,” she writes in the title essay “First Love.”

The collection stands out not just for its elegant, unadorned writing but also for the way she effortlessly pivots between personal history and spot-on cultural criticism that both comments on and critiques the way that girls and women have been portrayed — and have portrayed themselves — in the media, including on online platforms like Tumblr and Instagram.

For instance, she examines the 1994 Peter Jackson film, “Heavenly Creatures,” based on the true story of two teenage girls who bludgeoned to death one of their mothers. And in the essay “Sad Girls,” about the suicide of a close friend, she analyzes the allure of self-destructive figures like Sylvia Plath and Janis Joplin to a certain type of teen, including herself, who wallows in sadness and wants to make sure “the world knew we were in pain.”

In the last essay, “On Murder Memoirs,” Dancyger considers the runaway popularity of true crime stories as she tries to explain her decision not to attend the trial of the man charged with killing her cousin — even though she was trained as a journalist and wrote a well-regarded book about her late father that relied on investigative reporting. “When I finally sat down to write about Sabina, the story that came out was not about murder at all,” she says. “It was a love story.”

Readers can be thankful that it did.

AP book reviews: https://apnews.com/hub/book-reviews

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Bret Stephens

What a ‘Free Palestine’ Means in Practice

By Bret Stephens

Opinion Columnist

Imagine that the campus protesters got their wish tomorrow: Not just “Cease-fire Now” in Gaza, but the creation of a “Free Palestine.” How free would that future Palestine be?

This isn’t a speculative question. Palestinians have had a measure of self-rule in the West Bank since Yasir Arafat entered Gaza in 1994 . Israel evacuated its settlers and soldiers from the Gaza Strip in 2005. Mahmoud Abbas was elected president of the Palestinian Authority that same year and Hamas won legislative elections the next.

How much freedom have Palestinians enjoyed since then? They and their allies abroad argue they’ve had none because Israel has denied it to them — not just by refusing to accept a Palestinian state, but also through road closings, land expropriations in the West Bank, an economic blockade of Gaza and frequent Israeli incursions into Palestinian areas.

There’s partial truth to this. Israeli settlers have run riot against their Palestinian neighbors . The Israeli government imposes heavy and unequal restrictions on Palestinians, as my colleague Megan Stack has reported in painful detail . The frequent mistreatment of Palestinians at Israeli checkpoints is a long-running disgrace.

At the same time, Israeli leaders have repeatedly offered the creation of a Palestinian state — offers Arafat and Abbas rejected. Charges of an Israeli economic blockade tend to ignore a few facts: Gaza also has a border with Egypt; many goods, including fuel and electricity , flowed from Israel to Gaza up until Oct. 7; much of the international aid given to Gaza to build civilian infrastructure was diverted for Hamas’s tunnels, and Hamas used the territory to start five wars with Israel in 15 years.

But there’s an equally important dimension to Palestinian politics that is purely domestic. When Abbas was elected in 2005, it was for a four-year term. He is now in the 20th year of his four-year term. When Hamas won the 2006 legislative elections, it didn’t just defeat its political rivals in Fatah. It overthrew the Palestinian Authority completely in Gaza after a brief civil war and followed it up with a killing, torture and terror spree that eliminated all political opposition.

Perhaps the absence of Palestinian democracy shouldn’t come as a shock. The regime established by Hamas isn’t merely autocratic. It’s more like the old East Germany, complete with its own version of the Stasi, which spied on, blackmailed and abused its own citizens.

“Hamas leaders, despite claiming to represent the people of Gaza, would not tolerate even a whiff of dissent,” The Times’s Adam Rasgon and Ronen Bergman reported on Monday . “Security officials trailed journalists and people they suspected of immoral behavior. Agents got criticism removed from social media and discussed ways to defame political adversaries. Political protests were viewed as threats to be undermined.”

Even this doesn’t quite capture the extent of Hamas’s cruelty. Consider its treatment of gay Palestinians — a point worth emphasizing since “ Queers for Palestine ” is a sign sometimes seen at anti-Israel marches.

In 2019, the Palestinian Authority banned an L.G.B.T.Q.-rights group’s activities in the West Bank , claiming they are “harmful to the higher values and ideals of Palestinian society.” In 2016, Hamas tortured and killed one of its own commanders, Mahmoud Ishtiwi, on suspicions of “moral turpitude” — code for homosexuality. “Relatives said Mr. Ishtiwi had told them he had been suspended from a ceiling for hours on end, for days in a row,” The Times’s Diaa Hadid and Majd Al Waheidi wrote .

Would an independent Palestinian state, living alongside Israel, improve its internal governance? Not if Hamas took control — which it almost certainly would if it isn’t utterly defeated in the current war. And what if the protesters achieved their larger goal — that is, a Palestine “from the river to the sea”?

We know something about what Hamas intends thanks to the concluding statement of a conference that it held in 2021 about its plans for “liberated” Gaza. Any Jew considered a “fighter” “must be killed”; Jews who flee could either “be left alone” or “prosecuted”; peaceful individuals could either be “integrated or given time to leave.” Finally, “educated Jews” with valuable skills “should not be allowed to leave.”

In other words, what the campus protesters happily envisage as a utopian, post-Zionist “state for all of its citizens” would under Hamas be one in which Jews were killed, exiled, prosecuted, integrated into an Islamist state or pressed into the servitude of a Levantine version of Solzhenitsyn’s First Circle. Those same protesters might rejoin that they don’t want a future to be led by Hamas — but that only raises the question of why they do absolutely nothing to oppose it.

This is not the first generation of Western activists who championed movements that promised liberation in theory and misery and murder in practice: The Khmer Rouge came to power in Cambodia in 1975 to the cheers of even mainstream liberal voices . Mao Zedong, possibly the greatest mass murderer of the past 100 years, never quite lost his cachet on the political left. And magazines like The Nation eulogized Hugo Chávez as a paragon of democracy.

These attitudes are a luxury that people living in safe and free societies can freely indulge. Israelis, whose freedom is made more precious by being less safe, can be forgiven for thinking differently.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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Bret Stephens is an Opinion columnist for The Times, writing about foreign policy, domestic politics and cultural issues. Facebook