problem solving skills in civil engineering

Professional Skills

• Sep 20, 2021

15 Key Skills Needed to Succeed as a Civil Engineer

Wondering which skills are required to excel as a civil engineer? In this article, we discuss the top 20 skills needed to succeed in this competitive field.

Andrew Moran

Business and Finance Expert

Reviewed by Melina Theodorou

This article contains affiliate links. If you use these links to buy something, we may earn a commission.

Whether it is being responsible for the design or management of new or old infrastructure, companies are seeking the best and brightest civil engineers .

According to the  US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , the job outlook for a civil engineer is around 8%, with median pay topping $88,000 (€74,000). The numbers are comparable throughout the world, from Asia to Europe. 

But to succeed in this field, there are certain key skills you will need, regardless if you are an experienced professional or a novice civil engineer about to embark on their career. We have compiled a guide of skills you should have on your CV/resume when applying for employment opportunities.

1. Problem-solving skills

Civil engineers generally work on complex projects and have to be involved in every stage, from planning to design. They need to be skilled problem-solvers and have to be ready to develop creative solutions in case of design issues or technical problems. They also have to solve these problems in a safe, efficient and cost-effective manner.

2. Communication skills

Communication skills are quite important for civil engineers as they often have to speak with people from diverse sectors and backgrounds. They are also required to explain complex technical issues and ideas so that an average person can understand. In addition, civil engineers need excellent listening skills to understand the needs and concerns of their co-workers. At a time when  soft skills are in high demand, it might be time to improve in this area.

3. Critical thinking skills

Civil engineering projects are typically quite complex, with big budgets and comprehensive plans. As a result, there are often different solutions to use the most optimised solution. This requires critical thinking and the ability to weigh each possible solution's pros and cons and reach a solid decision properly.

4. Project management skills

Civil engineers are expected to see a project from start to finish. They have to work with different types of requirements, manage different types of clients and work with different professionals. They also have to work within a certain project budget and have to meet deadlines while ensuring quality. All these expectations cannot be fulfilled without having excellent project management skills .

5. Leadership skills

Civil engineers need to work with diverse teams, including architects, contractors, construction managers, suppliers and vendors, other engineers and trainees. Leading a large team can be good for the project but can also require skills so that all members feel heard, motivated and appreciated for their role. Also, good leadership is needed to provide feedback and direction in a positive and constructive manner. 

6. Organisational skills 

Order is essential during the design process of a project as well as during its implementation. Plans must be prepared and stored physically and digitally. Blueprints need to be maintained, records of cost and overall budgets must be updated on a regular basis. Supplies and materials must be regularly monitored to avoid shortages. All these require solid organisational skills – which are essential for all types of engineers.

7. Numerical skills

Civil engineers must be well-versed in mathematics and physics as this is critical for solving complex engineering problems. They often have to use mathematical formulas to calculate and determine the technical specifications of projects. In addition, concepts of physics are used to apply engineering principles when working on a project.

8. Time management skills

Civil engineers work with deadlines, and they are expected to deliver when required. The schedule is essential in a civil engineering project and is usually not taken lightly. Time is of the essence, and delays can lead to loss of money as well as credibility. Hence, a good civil engineer must have time management skills and must have the ability to meet deadlines and work based on a schedule.

9. Teamwork skills

Being a team player is a critical skill in every profession, and civil engineering is no different. Work is always more rewarding when there is teamwork, especially when the work involves something comprehensive and complex. Projects handled by civil engineers can be challenging, but with good teamwork, everything is possible.

10. Delegation skills

Civil engineering projects are usually big and complex. It is not possible to carry the burden of the whole project on one person’s shoulders. That is why civil engineers work with large teams, but if they cannot delegate properly, the people in the team will not be effectively utilised. That is why delegation and the ability to trust the right people with the right tasks is an important skill. 

11. Visualisation skills 

Civil engineers must be able to visualise and create maps, blueprints, drawings, models and CAD software. They need to have a strong visual eye to identify what would make a project structurally stronger in terms of both design and function.

12. Creative skills

Civil engineers are required to think outside the box; therefore, creativity is an essential skill for someone who wishes to have a serious career in this field. You may have to come up with innovative solutions for difficult problems, and many times, those solutions are not run-of-the-mill ideas but something with greater novelty.

13. Attention to detail skills

Every little detail matters for a civil engineer. It might seem minor, but it can significantly impact the overall function, structure, and design of a project. Precision is the key in civil engineering, and therefore attention to detail is a vital skill to have.

14. Technical skills

All civil engineers must have soft skills like leadership and communication, but at the same time, they cannot be successful if they do not have the necessary technical skills. They must be familiar with computer software that is being used for a particular project and must be confident about all the technicalities and the design elements involved. They have to ensure what they deliver is structurally sound on all fronts.

15. Negotiation skills

Oftentimes, big projects usually handled by civil engineers run into problems - be it budget, supply or time delays. Conflicts can arise, especially with supplies and vendors. Negotiation can help in such situations and prevent delays, increased costs, and unnecessary complications.

16. Budget management skills

Civil engineers always work with a budget. And these budgets are closely monitored. Exceeding budgets is not considered professional, and wastage of resources, money, time and effort are all frowned upon. Hence, a good civil engineer must have excellent budget management skills.

17. Decision-making skills

Large projects can have hiccups and complications. Time-sensitive and critical decisions may have to be taken at any given time. A good civil engineer should have the confidence and vigilance to understand a certain situation and take tough decisions to maintain the project's stability.

18. IT skills

This is the age of computers and applications. Civil engineers must be completely proficient in the use of commonly used engineering software as this is essential for design, planning and execution. Civil engineers have to work with both physical and digital technology.

19. Networking skills

Any civil engineer pursuing a long-term career in this field must connect with other professionals through engineering organisations and business networking groups. In addition, it is crucial to communicate with other industry leaders as this can open new avenues and new opportunities for the individual.

20. Adaptability skills

A broad array of projects is offered by different types of companies and people. Civil engineers also work with diverse team members with different skill sets. Flexibility is a must, and being able to adapt to different situations is an essential skill for a civil engineer.

Final thoughts

Civil engineers certainly embark on a technical career, but it is a worthwhile professional pursuit that can take you to many places, ensure you are participating in something important for the community and  growing your human capital .

It is a competitive field, so the individual with the best CV and list of credentials will certainly stand out from the crowd.

Further reading:

• Best Engineering Schools
• Engineering Interview Questions
• Highest-Paying Engineering Jobs

What other skills do you think are necessary for a civil engineer? Let us know in the comments section below!

This article is an updated version of an earlier article originally published on March 2015.

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TECC 244: Practical Problem-Solving Skills for Engineers

April 13, 2021 By EMI

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In this episode, I talk to Andrew Sario, an intelligent transport systems engineer and OT cyber specialist, creator of Engineering IRL, and engineering book author, about problem-solving skills for engineers. Andrew provides some great tips that will help you to master these skills and become the best engineer you could be. Be sure to listen to the end of this episode for a special offer from guest Andrew Sario.

Engineering Quotes:

Here Are Some of the Key Points Discussed About Practical Problem-Solving Skills for Engineers:

• When working on many different projects, work on each one cyclically. It will make it easier to transition from one to the other and know what you need to do next. Breaking up each project into smaller chunks helps you not feel overwhelmed by the entire project.
• The book, “10+1 Steps to Problem Solving: An Engineer’s Guide,” is born from Andrew’s practical experiences. If you encounter similar problems repetitively, you begin to learn how to solve them quicker and easier. Many problems are solved by taking the same steps as used with other problems. Use this book in conjunction with the problem-solving techniques that you already have. It is a tool to help you think about the problem you have and solve it.
• Engineering problem-solving consists of breaking down big problems into smaller, solvable, individual parts and then putting them back together to solve the bigger problem. Many engineering problems are bigger than what one person can solve. Using a team to solve this problem is beneficial. Engineers capture the best practices over time to solve problems more safely and efficiently than before.
• If a problem has a known solution, then use it. Sometimes you need to use tools that give you a different perspective of the problem to solve the problem.
• Whatever tasks are given to you, no matter how small or trivial, do them well.
• Look for solutions to the problems that are standing in the way of your team moving forward. It will give people the mentality to see you as a problem-solver. When doing this, remember to keep step 1 in context.
• To get better at solving problems, you need to practice solving problems. Be happy if you fail in solving some of the problems you face. It adds to your practicing, and you learn what not to do next time.

The 10+1 Steps to Problem-Solving for Engineers Are:

• Are you asking the correct question? – Make sure you are asking the correct question from the beginning of your problem-solving techniques.
• The obvious. – Try the known solutions. If they do not work the first time, try them again, and they might work.
• Eyes. – Ensure you have all the correct tools in place to give you clues about the problem.
• Check yourself. – Check yourself before you wreck yourself. Make sure that all the basics are in place before getting too technical about solving the problem.
• Google it. – You do not have to know everything already, so Google for solutions to your problem. If you have a specific problem, there are online forums that you can consult about it.
• The R.T.F.M. protocol. – Read the manual. You could be surprised by the information you find in it.
• Strip . – Strip down the complexities of the problem and look for something basic to solve first. Prove you know something about the problem.
• What about the environment? – Look for things outside of your problem that could be influencing or impacting it.
• Phone a friend. – Ask someone who might know of a solution.
• Pray – Talk about your problem aloud to yourself. Find an inanimate object and tell it the problem you have and what is needed to solve it. It can get your subconscious working and help you get clarity on what is needed to solve it.
• You can find this step in the book – “ 10+1 Steps to Problem Solving: An Engineer’s Guide .”

More in This Episode…

In the Take Action Today segment of the show, Andrew talks about one tip for engineers to be better at problem-solving.

About Andrew Sario

“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” ~ Albert Einstein

Books Mentioned in This Episode:

10+1 Steps to Problem Solving: An Engineer’s Guide

Resources and Links Mentioned in This Session Include:

Engineering in Real Life Cloudmate Networks Cisco Meraki Technology Connect with Andrew Sario on LinkedIn Send Andrew Sario an email

We would love to hear any questions you might have or stories you can share on practical problem-solving skills for engineers.

Please leave your comments, feedback, or questions in the section below.

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Civil Engineer Skills

Learn about the skills that will be most essential for Civil Engineers in 2024.

Getting Started as a Civil Engineer

• What is a Civil Engineer
• How To Become
• Certifications
• Tools & Software
• LinkedIn Guide
• Interview Questions
• Work-Life Balance
• Professional Goals
• Resume Examples
• Cover Letter Examples

What Skills Does a Civil Engineer Need?

Find the important skills for any job.

Types of Skills for Civil Engineers

Technical proficiency and engineering fundamentals, project management and organization, environmental and sustainability awareness, communication and teamwork.

• Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking

Top Hard Skills for Civil Engineers

Essential hard skills encompassing design, analysis, and management to build resilient and sustainable infrastructure.

• Advanced Mathematics and Physics
• Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Software Proficiency
• Structural Analysis and Design
• Geotechnical Engineering
• Hydraulics and Hydrology
• Construction Management
• Transportation Engineering
• Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Practices
• Surveying and Geomatics
• Material Science and Engineering

Top Soft Skills for Civil Engineers

Essential soft skills empower civil engineers to excel in project management, team leadership, and innovative problem-solving in dynamic construction landscapes.

• Communication and Interpersonal Skills
• Leadership and Team Management
• Adaptability and Flexibility
• Time Management and Organization
• Negotiation and Conflict Resolution
• Creativity and Innovation
• Attention to Detail and Precision
• Public Speaking and Presentation Skills
• Emotional Intelligence and Empathy

Most Important Civil Engineer Skills in 2024

Advanced project management, sustainable design and construction practices, proficiency in bim and cad software, geotechnical knowledge, water resources management, interdisciplinary collaboration, risk analysis and mitigation, regulatory compliance and ethics.

Show the Right Skills in Every Application

Civil engineer skills by experience level, important skills for entry-level civil engineers, important skills for mid-level civil engineers, important skills for senior civil engineers, most underrated skills for civil engineers, 1. interdisciplinary understanding, 2. political acumen, 3. resilience and flexibility, how to demonstrate your skills as a civil engineer in 2024, how you can upskill as a civil engineer.

• Embrace Emerging Technologies: Invest time in learning about advancements such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), drone technology, and 3D printing, which are revolutionizing project design and construction.
• Advance Your Understanding of Sustainable Practices: With a growing emphasis on sustainability, take courses and certifications focused on green building, renewable energy integration, and sustainable urban development.
• Participate in Professional Engineering Societies: Join organizations like the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) to access resources, attend conferences, and connect with industry leaders.
• Develop Project Management Skills: Enhance your ability to lead projects efficiently by mastering project management software and methodologies relevant to civil engineering.
• Strengthen Analytical and Design Skills: Use advanced simulation software and tools to improve your analytical capabilities and design accuracy, ensuring you can tackle complex engineering problems.
• Expand Your Expertise with Specializations: Consider pursuing specializations in high-demand areas such as transportation engineering, structural health monitoring, or water resources engineering.
• Engage in Lifelong Learning: Commit to continuous learning through online courses, webinars, and workshops that cover the latest research, codes, and standards in civil engineering.
• Network and Collaborate: Build a robust professional network by attending industry events and collaborating on interdisciplinary projects to gain diverse perspectives and insights.
• Focus on Communication and Leadership: Develop your soft skills by engaging in public speaking, technical writing, and leadership training to effectively lead teams and manage stakeholders.
• Advocate for Innovation: Stay curious and open-minded, advocating for the adoption of innovative solutions and practices within your organization and projects.

Skill FAQs for Civil Engineers

What are the emerging skills for civil engineers today, how can civil engineers effectivley develop their soft skills, how important is technical expertise for civil engineers.

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More Skills for Related Roles

Designing resilient structures, ensuring safety and longevity in the built environment

Designing structures with creativity and precision, transforming spaces into experiences

Shaping the future with innovative designs, turning abstract ideas into tangible products

Driving technical projects from conception to completion, ensuring quality and efficiency

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The 15 Civil Engineer Skills You Must Have In Your Resume

This post contains affiliate links.

Want a successful eye-catching resume?

Then you must include the skills the employer is looking for in a civil engineer.

And we know the skills.

If you include the following 15 skills in your resume, there is a high chance that at least half of those skills are what the employer is looking for.

Do I sound so confident? Because I know it works.

I am a civil engineer, so I know the struggle of applying for a job, but I have also been a recruiter, so I know what dictates a good civil engineering resume.

So let’s jump ahead to those skills:

Table of Contents

For a civil engineer resume to be successful, it must include 3 types of skills:

• Software Skills: The civil engineering software that you use
• Technical Skills: These are the analytical skills that you know based on your civil engineering field
• Management Skills: The skills you have to run projects effectively

Knowing those skills will help you immeasurably to write the perfect resume. Also, you can check our free guide with the 14 Tips To Write A Perfect Civil Engineer Resume to know exactly where to include every skill.

Now, we will discuss the top 5 skills in each category.

The Top 5 Civil Engineer Software

These are the engineering software that you use. There are 25 Common Civil Engineering Software that is considered the standards in the industry. From these 25 programs, there is 5 must-know software for a civil engineer:

1-  AutoCAD

You probably learned how to use AutoCAD at some point in university or during your job. Even if the job description does not require AutoCAD, you should still include it in your resume.

2-  MS Excel

Excel is the tool for everything, and civil engineers love this tool. It can help you manage a project or design a steel structure or make a technical checklist for your project. Even if it is not mentioned in the job description, it is assumed that you know Excel, so make sure it is in your resume.

3-  MS Project

Yes, another Microsoft tool. If you are a structural engineer, for example, you might not use MS Project, but even so, MS Project is so easy to learn that you can learn how to use it in one day, so include it in your resume.

4- Civil 3D

This is the most versatile tool for infrastructure design and BIM (Building information modelling). If you are a geotechnical, structural or transport engineer, you should definitely have Civil 3D in your resume.

5-  STAAD Pro

One of the best software for structural engineers. Learning how to use this software can open a world of possibilities for you.

Top 5 Civil Engineer Technical Skills

There are many Civil Engineering Career Options , but the skills required to do any job are the same.

The best way to showcase those skills in your resume is with an example of a project or a reward you have received during your engineering career that proves that you achieved competency in that skill.

1- Analytical skills

Every civil engineer needs to have good analytical skills. This does not only mean design but also the ability to analyse project and design risks and take the most optimal solution that can be both cost-effective and time efficient.

2- Attention to detail

Attention to detail is the ability to spot issues and mistakes and devise a solution to prevent those issues. Civil Engineering work is very detailed, and mistakes can sometimes pass through the design checks unnoticed. To be a successful civil engineer, you must have a keen sense of attention to spot those mistakes.

3- Problem-solving skills

Problem-solving is the issues spotted during design and construction that do not comply with design standards or common construction practices. Being a civil engineer, you must have a sharp understanding of issues you have achieved from experience or knowledge of design codes and standards.

4- Design skills

Design skills are the ability to engineer something, such as a retaining wall or a two-way slab. This is achieved using design software, drafting software and knowledge of design codes.

5- Multitasking Skills

Multitasking is the ability to do multiple things on the same day, not necessarily doing multiple things at once. It does not matter what type of civil engineer you are. You must be able to organise your tasks and to be able to complete your duties.

The 5 Civil Engineer Management skills

Even if you are a design engineer, you must have some of the following skills on your resume as they show you can work with others or manage people when necessary.

1- Project Management Skills

Project management skills are necessary for every civil engineer, which shows that you can manage any project by setting deadlines and milestones. The project is complete when it achieves all its goals.

2- Communication Skills

On average, civil engineers must communicate with each other about almost any design or operational decision. Being a successful civil engineer is having the ability to communicate both solutions and problems effectively.

3- Leadership Skills

Even if you are not in a senior management position, you must have been in a situation where you needed to take charge of the problem. Civil engineers are the leaders in the construction industry, and they communicate their decisions through drawings and reports. “Taking leadership of your work” is something that all civil engineers must have.

4- Teamwork Skills

If you can not communicate effectively and work in teams, you cannon be a successful civil engineer. One civil engineer can achieve nothing. It is only through teamwork that projects are started and completed.

5- Negotiation Skills

You must be able to negotiate your solutions or even your service if you are an estimating engineer. Clients do not necessarily understand how things work because they are not engineers, so you must be able to negotiate certain things, not only design.

The Top Civil Engineer Skills

If you have not figured it out by now, communication, management, problem-solving, multitasking and attention to detail are the most important skills for a civil engineer.

Joseph Maloyan

Hi, this is Joseph, and I love writing about engineering and technology. Here I share my knowledge and experience on what it means to be an engineer. My goal is to make engineering relatable, understandable and fun!

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Essential Civil Engineering Skills

Civil engineering plays a vital role in projects that make our daily lives run smoothly. For example, civil engineers help develop, design and maintain major infrastructure projects like roads, buildings, airports and bridges.

With the right skills, civil engineers can have an enormous positive impact on society and our communities.  

What Does a Civil Engineer Do?

The job description of a civil engineer is vast and depends on specialty. Civil engineers can troubleshoot problems, consult and work to upgrade infrastructure. The projects they work on may include constructing and maintaining buildings, tunnels, and water and sewage systems.

They collaborate with stakeholders, sharing their engineering expertise to focus on safety and efficiency. Through project management, clear communication and an understanding of engineering, they help our world function well from construction to maintenance. Some civil engineers work on a project from start to finish, but they can also be brought in for single stage.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists the following responsibilities of civil engineers:

• Analyze plans, survey reports, maps and other data related to project design
• Consider regulations, site selection and other factors relevant to a project
• Analyze the results of tests on soil and building materials to determine strength for foundations and other support
• Prepare cost estimates for equipment, materials and labor to determine a project’s economic feasibility
• Use design software to plan transportation systems, hydraulic systems and structures
• Submit permit applications to local, state, and federal agencies, as needed and confirm that projects comply with regulations
• Perform or oversee surveying to establish building locations, site layouts, grades and elevations to guide construction
• Manage the construction or repair, maintenance, and replacement of buildings and infrastructure

Civil engineering skills are needed in both public and private sectors. Civil engineers can work for engineering services companies, federal, state and local governments, nonresidential construction companies and more.

Civil Engineer Qualifications

Candidates must hold at least a bachelor's degree in engineering or a related field to pursue a career in civil engineering. Licensure requirements vary by state, but many engineers secure a Professional Engineer (PE) license, earning the title of professional engineers (PEs). PEs can supervise the work of other engineers, as well as sign off on projects. Some states require continuing education for engineers to keep their licenses.

Sometimes, engineers also gain specific certifications to demonstrate their knowledge in a specific area. For example, a Certified Planning Engineer certificate or a Certified Construction Manager credential.

Often, civil engineers pursue graduate-level education to prepare for leadership and management roles. Programs like the online Master of Science in Civil Engineering from Ohio University can help professionals stand out among the crowd and prepare them to earn PE licensure. When pursuing higher education in civil engineering, ensure that your program of choice is ABET accredited, indicating that it’s in line with the most up-to-date instruction.

Demand for civil engineers is expected to grow 5% between 2022 and 2032, resulting in 16,200 new jobs, according to the BLS. In addition, bipartisan federal initiatives may create many new engineering jobs. Those with certifications or graduate-level degrees are in an excellent position to fill new roles.

Advance Your Career with a Master in Civil Engineering

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Civil Engineering Skills

A variety of skills can help you lead a long and successful career as a civil engineer. They include:

• Communication skills. Civil engineers must communicate with various stakeholders with diverse backgrounds orally and in writing. Complex information must be conveyed clearly to ensure efficiency and safety.
• Decision-making skills. Civil engineers often have to weigh conflicting objectives, such as cost and safety, to ensure the best outcome for projects. Being a confident and competent decision-maker is an essential skill.
• Leadership skills. PEs and those with master’s degrees often become managers, so it’s imperative that civil engineers can lead those in various roles and with differing backgrounds. Ensuring that a team works together toward a shared goal is vital in civil engineering.
• Problem-solving skills. It’s often necessary to solve problems in real-time at every step of a project’s progress. Being able to evaluate an issue and quickly find safe, affordable solutions will help you succeed. 
• Organizational skills. Civil engineers must juggle a lot of moving parts to run their projects. This requires top-notch organization and attention to detail to ensure that no aspect of a project goes unnoticed. 

Master's programs can help civil engineers sharpen these skills and more. For example, Ohio University’s online Master of Science in Civil Engineering helps you learn the following:

• Design systems under various constraints for one or more areas of technical specialization
• Develop leadership skills necessary to assume progressively more responsible roles in their profession
• Exhibit effective communication skills necessary to interact in a diverse professional environment
• Employ modern engineering and computational tools

Engineers who exhibit these competencies will be prepared to guide civil engineering projects effectively. 

How Do I Prepare for a Career in Civil Engineering?

Civil engineering is an important job that must be done correctly for public safety and functioning communities. A great deal of knowledge is needed to succeed as a civil engineer. The array of responsibilities of those in the field make the role complex, but with the right education, civil engineering is a great career option. Pursuing certificates along with master’s-level education will help you gain the essential engineering competencies necessary in this dynamic field. 

You should look for an engineering program led by civil engineering professionals who can help you learn the in-demand skills needed in the fast-paced field.

Programs like Ohio University’s M.S. in Civil Engineering ready you for any challenge that comes your way as a civil engineer. OHIO’s program boasts a low student-to-teacher ratio that provides a direct and individualized connection to experienced engineering faculty who are versed in a wide range of specialties. 

In Ohio University's classes, you’ll explore advanced topics and acquire specialized knowledge in environmental analysis of transportation systems, structural reliability, forensic analysis of construction failures and more. You will hone skills in cutting-edge engineering principles, advanced computational tools and analytical techniques to solve complex engineering problems. Graduate ready for an array of impactful leadership roles in as little as five semesters.

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Many of us get well rewarded for solving problems. In fact; arguably that is one of the top paying tasks in engineering. A good example – in the field of aviation – is that of Captain ‘Sully’ Sullenberger who saved hundreds of lives by bringing a passenger airliner down safely into the Hudson River after both engines had catastrophically failed – probably involving seconds in his entire career, or Red Adair putting out horrendous oil fires, or the astronauts bringing Apollo 13 back safely to earth. At the end of the day, as engineers, I believe problems are our stock-in-trade.

For some reason, we are taught that engineering is all about design and coming up with a nice construction – there is very little mention or discussion based on problems, until they occur. Think of your course at college – most of it was set in a pure world of building things and designing software where few problems exist. This is a huge oversight in teaching engineering. Students can be absolutely sure that a mammoth number of (irritating) practical problems will confront them, as engineers, on a daily basis. In some respects – if we don’t have problems, we don’t have a job. Interestingly, our most popular short courses (for engineers or technicians) are the troubleshooting and problem solving ones.

Fred Nickols (‘Solution Engineering: Ten Tips for Beefing up your Problem Solving Toolbox’) gives some really excellent (although perhaps rather dry) tips on a great sequence for problem solving which I have modified to my childlike (yes!) way of thinking:

1. Focus on the desired solved state Most of the time we contemplate the problem with horror and ignore what we want to achieve. With this mind set we focus on the problem and then move from problem state to problem state. A better approach is to visualise clearly what you see as the final solution and focus on this unerringly throughout the entire problem solving process.

2. Be clear about ALL your objectives To clarify this it is worth asking: What are we trying to achieve/preserve/avoid/eliminate?

3. Expand your definition of the problem The acclaimed ‘define the problem’ is the most poorly understood and executed step in the process. And as you solve the problem, this definition changes. Do the following: Locate the problem/Isolate it/Describe it precisely/Define it

4. Bounce around like Sherlock Holmes in solving the problem The information you need is not in one structured pile, but in a heap of little bits scattered far and wide; both written down and in many people’s heads. And changing. Be Sherlock Holmes – the brilliant detective; find it all and bring it together.

5. Picture it We are engineers after all and tend to be visual thinkers. Diagrams and schematics should be used as much as possible.

6. Don’t always fret about the cause Causes can sometimes be fixed and should be investigated. But don’t waste valuable time and effort looking into a cause where it is not going to help you solve the problem.

7. Avoid disconnects We go through this every day. Top management gives instructions on fixing a perceived problem. By the time it gets down to the electrician on the shop floor, the problem has disappeared and he is merely doing a useless job for which the reason no longer exists.

8. Know your own vision We all have built in biases and approaches to doing things. Sometimes good and sometimes not so good. It is best to be ruthless about what they are and understand the overlap between our personal and the rational objective world out there when assessing the problem. Stand back and watch yourself solve a problem and try to understand your biases for next time. Use your strengths, but guard against your weaknesses.

9. Create your own system You know your skills and expertise the best. Develop your own system of fixing a problem.

10. Sharpen your knife Keep refining your knowledge and expertise and sharpening your problem solving abilities.

I believe in what the famous mathematician and scientist, Rene Descartes observed:

‘Each problem that I solved became a rule which served afterwards to solve other problems.’

Yours in engineering learning

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What Does a Civil Engineer Do? A Day in the Life

Delve into the daily tasks of a civil engineer. This guide explains their roles, work environments and the skills needed to thrive in the field of civil engineering.

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Civil engineering has been part of our survival since the earliest days of human existence. Picture the ancient ancestors seeking refuge in the shelter of caves, a primitive yet ingenious form of protection. As these resourceful beings used a strategically placed tree trunk to bridge the gap over a river, the rudimentary act of civil engineering became a testament to our innate need for innovation and problem-solving.

Throughout history, from the construction of the pyramids to the development of aqueducts, civil engineering has been the silent force shaping the world around us. Today, the question echoes, “What does a civil engineer do?” especially in our modern age of skyscrapers, bridges and intricate infrastructure. Let’s delve into civil engineering to uncover the skills, knowledge, and creativity that define a civil engineer’s daily tasks.

What is a Civil Engineer?

As the name implies, a civil engineer constitutes a professional working in a branch of engineering that employs a systematic and scientific approach to planning, design, construction, operation, performance assessment, and maintenance of infrastructure. The civil engineering field encompasses the entire life cycle of structures, encompassing their conception, building and ongoing maintenance.

Licensed and specially trained civil engineers play a crucial role in developing essential infrastructure such as roadways, bridges, water and wastewater treatment plants, airports, dams, pipelines, building and waste management systems—both in public and private domains. Their expertise extends to crafting and implementing solutions that enhance community safety, efficiency and overall quality of life. Essentially, a civil engineer’s objective is to drive societal advancement through carefully planned and safe infrastructure projects, which serve as lasting symbols of positive impact.

What Does a Civil Engineer Do?

Civil engineers engage in a diverse array of responsibilities that collectively contribute to developing and maintaining essential infrastructure. Their tasks often encompass designing new public or private civil engineering projects, ensuring that these structures meet safety, efficiency and environmental standards. Analyzing data and preparing detailed reports, maps and budgets are other integral aspects of their work, providing the groundwork for informed decision-making.

Civil engineers navigate the bureaucratic landscape by organizing permit applications and engaging in crucial discussions with government officials and project managers to discuss planning strategies. Additionally, they play a vital role in the sustainable evolution of existing infrastructure by developing comprehensive plans for repairs or replacements.

In a field marked by constant evolution, civil engineers also dedicate themselves to staying abreast of changing zoning laws and regulations, ensuring that their projects align with the most current standards. While the specific duties may vary based on the company or project, these core responsibilities encompass the multidimensional role of civil engineers in shaping our communities’ physical and functional landscapes.

What is the Workplace of a Civil Engineer Like?

Civil engineers can operate in various work environments that span diverse locations and conditions. Their workplaces include both indoor office settings and outdoor construction sites, where they oversee and manage multiple projects. Office work includes design of infractures including bridges, buildings, roadways, airports, water and wastewater treatment plants, etc. They work individually and as a team with people from different backgrounds and expertise including architects, geologists, electrical, and mechanical engineers.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reveals that the largest employers of civil engineers are within engineering services, constituting 48% of the workforce. Additionally, civil engineers find significant employment in state and local governments, nonresidential building construction and federal government agencies, contributing 12%, 10%, 6% and 3%, respectively.

In construction, some civil engineers may establish temporary offices, often in trailers, to efficiently manage projects directly on site. This versatility in work settings highlights the adaptability required in the field, allowing civil engineers to easily navigate between the planning, design and construction phases.

Essential Skills for Civil Engineers

To accomplish their daily tasks, civil engineers must draw upon a combination of both hard and soft skills. Fusing these skills helps with individual success by contributing to the overall efficacy and smooth execution of complex engineering projects.

Technical Skills

In terms of hard or technical skills, civil engineers need to possess:

• A strong foundation in mathematics, physics and chemistry to tackle the quantitative aspects of their projects.
• Proficiency in the planning, design, construction, operation, performance assessment, and maintenance of infrastructure in different areas of civil engineering including environmental, geotechnical, structural, transportation and water resources
• Proficiency in reading maps and blueprints.
• Computer skills in utilizing specialized software such as Microstation, Civil 3D and AutoCAD for precise modeling and drafting.
• Technical writing skills for creating comprehensive reports and documentation.

Soft Skills

On the other side, the technical skills mentioned above must be paired with:

• Effective teamwork
• Communication skills
• Critical thinking and problem-solving
• Time management skills
• Leadership qualities

How to Become a Civil Engineer

The initial step toward a career in civil engineering involves obtaining a relevant bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution. Common choices include civil engineering, construction, engineering, and civil engineering technologies, among other related fields.

After completing a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering , many opt for a graduate degree, such as a master’s in Civil Engineering or a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering , which can further advance one’s career, particularly those aspiring to managerial or academic roles. Additionally, obtaining relevant certifications allows individuals to enhance their qualifications in specific engineering specialties.

Many entry-level and non-supervisory roles do not require professional engineer (PE) licensure. However, the need for a PE license becomes more critical for civil engineers in roles involving public safety, where they are responsible for designing and overseeing projects impacting public health, safety and welfare.

For those interested in advancing to professional engineer roles, taking the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is essential. After passing the FE exam, individuals become engineer interns (EIs) or engineers in training (EITs). Following a few years of training, they can become licensed by passing the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam .

Salary and Job Outlook for Civil Engineers

The job outlook for civil engineers is promising, with a projected 5% growth in employment from 2022 to 2032, surpassing the average for all occupations. Approximately 21,200 job openings are anticipated each year over the decade, driven by the need to replace workers transitioning to different professions and those retiring from the labor force.

In terms of compensation, the median annual wage for civil engineers as of 2022 is $89,940 . The lowest 10% earned below $61,040, while the highest 10% earned over $138,690. Salaries vary across industries, with civil engineers earning as follows:

• Federal government: $103,170
• Local government: $101,460
• State government: $87,010
• Engineering services: $86,440
• Nonresidential building construction: $78,420

Should You Pursue a Career as a Civil Engineer?

A career as a civil engineer is not just a job; it’s a path filled with opportunities for growth, innovation and a tangible impact on the world. While the road to becoming a civil engineer involves rigorous education and the challenge of obtaining licensure, the rewards are substantial.

Beyond the financial rewards and positive job outlook, which speak of the demand for skilled professionals in this field, the profession offers the chance to be at the forefront of transformative projects, influencing the development of infrastructure that directly impacts communities. From designing resilient and sustainable infrastructure to ensuring the efficiency of public services, civil engineers have the chance to contribute to the well-being and progress of society.

Moreover, the challenges, including the responsibility for public safety in specific roles, are intrinsic to a profession with substantial significance. These challenges provide a sense of purpose as well as opportunities for continuous learning and professional development. So, if you are drawn to solving complex problems, fostering creativity and making a lasting impact on the communities you serve, a career in civil engineering is an avenue to fulfill those aspirations. It’s a career path where challenges are met with innovation and every project becomes an opportunity to leave a positive imprint on the world.

Bottom Line

Civil engineers are the architects of our modern world, orchestrating the construction of structures that stand as testaments to human ingenuity and progress. If you’re captivated by the thought of transforming ideas into tangible realities and envision yourself at the forefront of groundbreaking projects, consider becoming a civil engineer.

Here at the University of North Dakota (UND), we offer various programs that cater to every stage of your academic pursuit, from a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering to advanced degrees and accelerated options combining both. Join us in sculpting a future where the bridges we build connect not just physical landscapes but also the aspirations of future generations.

What type of civil engineer makes the most money? ( Open this section)

Environmental engineers have an annual median wage of $96,530 . It’s crucial to recognize that these figures provide a general overview and individual earnings may vary based on additional factors such as education, certifications and the specific demands of the job.

Is civil engineering a stressful job? ( Open this section)

Civil engineering can be stressful, depending on the project’s complexity, deadlines and job role. However, good teamwork and effective management can lessen this stress. Many engineers find satisfaction in overcoming challenges and completing projects, which can offset the stress. It’s important to note that each person’s experience with stress varies and finding a balance is key in this field.

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Career Building Jobs

CV, Interview and Job Application Tips

The MOST Common Civil Engineer Interview Questions (And Sample Answers)

June 16, 2023 by Mike Jacobsen

Preparing for a civil engineering job interview can be daunting. That’s why we’re here to help! In this article, we’ll cover the most common interview questions that civil engineers often encounter, along with sample answers to give you a head start.

Civil engineering is a vital profession responsible for designing, constructing, and maintaining the infrastructure we rely on every day. Whether it’s bridges, buildings, roads, or water systems, civil engineers play a critical role in ensuring the safety and functionality of these structures. With the demand for qualified civil engineers on the rise, the profession offers competitive salaries ranging from $85,000 to $110,000 per year, depending on experience and location.

To help you stand out in your civil engineering interview, we’ve compiled a list of frequently asked questions tailored specifically to the field. By familiarizing yourself with these questions and practicing your responses, you’ll boost your confidence and impress potential employers.

In this article, we won’t just provide you with the questions; we’ll also offer sample answers to illustrate how to approach them effectively. It’s not just about getting the “right” answer – it’s about showcasing your problem-solving skills, communication abilities, and relevant experience.

So, if you’re eager to ace your civil engineering interview and land that dream job, let’s dive into the most common interview questions and learn how to tackle them with confidence!

• 1 Looking for More Questions / Answers…?
• 2 Civil Engineer Interview Tips
• 3 How Best To Structure Civil Engineer Interview Questions
• 4 What You Should Not Do When Answering Questions
• 5 Civil Engineer Interview Question & Answers

Looking for More Questions / Answers…?

Then, let me introduce you to a fantastic resource: “Interview Success: How To Answer Civil Engineer Questions”. Penned by the experienced career coach, Mike Jacobsen, this guide is packed full of interview tips. This 105-page guide is packed with over 100 sample answers to the most common and challenging interview questions. It goes beyond simply giving you answers – it guides you on how to structure your responses, what interviewers are seeking, and even things to avoid during interviews. Best of all, it’s available for instant download! Dive in and give yourself the competitive edge you deserve.

Click here to learn more and get your copy today

Civil Engineer Interview Tips

1. Prepare and Research: Thoroughly research the company you’re interviewing with and understand their projects, values, and culture. Familiarize yourself with the job description and requirements. This preparation will allow you to tailor your answers and demonstrate your genuine interest in the company.

2. Understand Core Concepts: Refresh your knowledge of fundamental civil engineering concepts and principles. Be prepared to discuss topics like structural analysis, geotechnical engineering, construction management, and relevant software tools. Review your academic coursework and previous project experiences to confidently discuss these topics.

3. Highlight Relevant Experience: Prepare specific examples that highlight your experience in relevant areas, such as project management, problem-solving, teamwork, and technical skills. Be ready to discuss your past projects, challenges you faced, and the outcomes you achieved. Emphasize how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the position you’re interviewing for.

4. Demonstrate Problem-Solving Skills: Civil engineering is all about finding practical solutions to complex problems. During the interview, expect questions that assess your problem-solving abilities. Use a structured approach to explain how you would tackle challenges, considering factors like safety, budget, and sustainability. Communicate your logical thinking process and showcase your ability to make informed decisions.

5. Communicate Effectively: Strong communication skills are crucial for civil engineers. Be clear and concise in your responses, avoiding technical jargon that the interviewer may not understand. Practice explaining technical concepts in simple terms to ensure effective communication. Additionally, actively listen to the interviewer’s questions and ask for clarification if needed.

6. Showcase Your Teamwork Abilities: Civil engineering projects typically involve collaboration with various stakeholders. Highlight instances where you successfully worked in teams, coordinated with other professionals, and resolved conflicts. Demonstrating your ability to work well with others will show that you’re a team player and can contribute positively to the company’s projects.

7. Ask Intelligent Questions: At the end of the interview, when given the opportunity, ask thoughtful questions that showcase your interest in the company and the role. Inquire about the company’s future projects, opportunities for professional development, or the team dynamics. This demonstrates your enthusiasm and engagement.

How Best To Structure Civil Engineer Interview Questions

During a civil engineering interview, you may encounter questions that require you to provide specific examples of your past experiences. One effective approach for structuring your answers is to use the “B-S-T-A-R” method, which stands for Belief, Situation, Task, Activity, and Results. Let’s explore how this method can help you showcase your skills and achievements in the context of a civil engineering interview:

B – Belief – What are your thoughts and feelings with regard to the subject matter?

Express your belief and attitude towards the subject matter of the question. For example, if asked about your approach to sustainable construction, you might say, “I firmly believe that sustainable construction practices are essential for minimizing environmental impact and ensuring the longevity of infrastructure.”

S – Situation – What was going on? Briefly explain the scenario that was taking place.

Describe the situation or context in which your example occurred. Provide relevant details without getting too bogged down in unnecessary information. For instance, “During the construction of a high-rise building, we encountered unforeseen soil instability issues that posed a significant risk to the project’s success.”

T – Task – What was your role in the action? Most of the time it is best that you are taking an active rather than passive role in the encounter.

Clearly state your specific role and responsibilities in the given situation. This highlights your active participation and leadership . For instance, “As the lead geotechnical engineer on the project, it was my responsibility to assess the soil conditions, develop a mitigation plan, and ensure the stability of the building foundation.”

A – Activity (or action) – What did you do? Detail the steps you took and why you took them.

Describe the actions you took to address the situation or accomplish the task. Explain the reasoning behind your decisions and the steps you followed. For example, “I conducted thorough soil investigations, performed geotechnical analysis, and collaborated with a team of experts to devise a comprehensive foundation design that would counteract the soil instability. Additionally, I implemented regular monitoring and quality control measures to ensure the effectiveness of the solution.”

R – Results – How did everything end up? Try to use figures if possible (e.g. we cut costs by $3m, customer satisfaction scores increased 25%, failures reduced to zero, ice cream parties increased ten-fold)

Share the outcome of your actions and quantify the results whenever possible. This demonstrates the impact of your efforts. For instance, “As a result of our proactive measures, we successfully stabilized the foundation, mitigated the risk, and completed the project on time and within budget. The structural integrity was confirmed through rigorous testing, and we achieved a 0% failure rate. This not only ensured the safety of the building but also saved the client an estimated $3 million in potential repairs and delays.”

By utilizing the B-S-T-A-R method, you can provide structured and impactful answers during your civil engineering interview. This approach allows you to effectively communicate your beliefs, showcase your problem-solving abilities, and highlight the positive outcomes of your past experiences.

What You Should Not Do When Answering Questions

Do not avoid the question.

Do not describe a failure (unless specifically asked).

Do not downplay the situation.

Do not overhype the situation.

Do not say you have no experience with the subject matter.

Do not reject the premise of the question.

Do not have a passive role in the situation.

Do not give a one-sentence answer.

Do not overly describe the scenario and miss the action.

Civil Engineer Interview Question & Answers

Describe a civil engineering project you’ve worked on and your role in it. See 4 more sample answers to this question

Certainly, I’d be happy to describe one of the most impactful projects I’ve worked on as a civil engineer. This project was a sustainable, greenfield residential development that aimed to house over 5,000 individuals and it was located in a suburban area that was transitioning from agricultural to residential use.

As the lead civil engineer, I had several responsibilities throughout the project’s lifecycle, starting with the initial assessment and feasibility studies. We evaluated the site’s topography, the soil conditions, and existing infrastructure to ensure that it was a viable location for a residential development. The project also required liaising with environmental consultants to assess the potential impacts on local flora and fauna, which was a crucial part of the initial stages of the project.

Upon completion of the feasibility studies, I took the lead on the design phase. Using software tools like AutoCAD and Civil 3D, my team and I designed the layout of the residential development, which included the street network, location of individual building plots, and public green spaces. We also designed the stormwater drainage system, sanitary sewer system, and water distribution system for the development, ensuring that the proposed infrastructure was both efficient and sustainable.

One of the key challenges that we encountered during the design phase was the site’s high groundwater level, which posed potential issues for the stability of the proposed structures and the effectiveness of the drainage system. In response to this challenge, we proposed a design solution that incorporated a series of infiltration basins, designed to reduce the water table and provide a buffer against potential flooding.

During the construction phase, I was responsible for supervising the work to ensure it adhered to our design and met all the relevant standards and regulations. I also oversaw the coordination between different construction crews and specialists to ensure the project remained on schedule and within budget.

The impact of this project was significant. Not only did it provide new, sustainable housing for thousands of people, but it also served as a model for similar developments in the area. It demonstrated how careful planning and innovative engineering can overcome environmental challenges and create vibrant, sustainable communities. This project was a career highlight for me, and it provided valuable experience that I continue to draw on in my current role.

How do you handle stress and pressure on the job? See 4 more sample answers to this question

Dealing with stress and pressure is a crucial aspect of any engineering role, given the complex nature of the projects we work on. Over the years, I have developed a few strategies that help me stay effective even in high-pressure situations.

Firstly, prioritization and organization play a key role in my approach to work. I constantly reassess my task list and prioritize them based on urgency and importance. I also maintain a detailed project plan and a regular update system to stay on top of my tasks, deadlines, and responsibilities.

However, it’s not always possible to avoid stressful situations. For example, during the construction phase of the mass transit project I mentioned earlier, we encountered an uncharted fault line, which could have significantly delayed our timeline. The discovery created a lot of pressure, as we had to quickly find a solution without compromising safety or the project schedule.

In this scenario, I first took a step back to fully understand the issue at hand. This included gathering as much information as possible, consulting with my team, and researching similar instances. I’ve found that being well-informed not only reduces the stress associated with the situation but also leads to more effective decision-making.

Then, I maintained open and clear communication with all stakeholders, including my team, senior management, and the client. This transparency ensured that everyone was aware of the issue, the potential impact, and the steps we were taking to mitigate it.

Finally, I focused on problem-solving and finding a viable solution. In this case, we were able to devise a plan to reroute the transit line to avoid the fault, ensuring the safety of the project without significantly increasing costs or project timeline.

Outside of work, maintaining a good work-life balance is essential for managing stress. I make sure to allocate time for physical activity, as I’ve found that it’s a great stress reliever. I also practice mindfulness, which helps me keep a clear head and maintain focus, even in high-pressure situations.

In summary, my approach to handling stress and pressure involves a combination of effective organization and prioritization, clear communication, informed decision-making, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. This approach has helped me navigate even the most challenging situations in my career successfully.

Describe a time when you had to solve a problem related to a civil engineering project. What was the problem and how did you approach it? See 4 more sample answers to this question

A notable experience in problem-solving related to a civil engineering project was during the construction of a large highway interchange. I was working as a lead civil engineer and was responsible for overseeing all aspects of the project, from design to construction.

Several weeks into the construction phase, we discovered an issue with the soil stability in one of the areas designated for a key bridge foundation. The soil tests indicated that the subsoil had a lower bearing capacity than initially anticipated, which meant that the existing design of the bridge foundation was no longer suitable. If left unresolved, this could have caused significant delays and safety risks.

Given the severity of this issue, I quickly assembled a team of geotechnical engineers, structural engineers, and construction managers to address it. We approached the problem in a methodical manner, starting with a comprehensive assessment of the situation. This involved further soil testing and analysis, to better understand the extent of the problem.

After getting a full understanding of the situation, we started exploring potential solutions. We considered a number of options, including replacing the soil or redesigning the bridge foundation. After a detailed cost-benefit analysis and considering the project timeline, we decided that redesigning the bridge foundation was the best approach.

In redesigning the foundation, I led a detailed engineering analysis to ensure that the new design would be able to handle the expected loads given the soil conditions. We used deep pile foundations, which could transfer the load of the bridge to a more stable layer of soil beneath the weak subsoil.

I also had to communicate with our client, local authorities, and other stakeholders about the issue and how we were addressing it. Although this was a challenging conversation, I believe that being transparent about the issue, our approach to solving it, and the revised timeline, helped maintain their trust.

In the end, we were able to resolve the issue without a significant delay to the project or a substantial increase in costs. This experience highlighted the importance of adaptability, effective communication, and a strong technical knowledge in overcoming complex engineering problems. It was a lesson I’ve carried with me in every project since then.

What kinds of structures or infrastructure have you worked on? See 4 more sample answers to this question

Throughout my career as a civil engineer, I’ve had the opportunity to work on a diverse range of infrastructure projects, which I believe has provided me with a well-rounded skillset and experience.

Starting off my career, I worked for a large engineering consultancy where I was involved in residential and commercial building projects. This included high-rise structures, mixed-use developments, and office buildings. I was responsible for creating structural designs, running load calculations, and collaborating with architects to ensure our designs were not only functional but aesthetically appealing.

Afterwards, I moved on to work for a public works department where my focus shifted towards public infrastructure. I had the opportunity to work on roads, bridges, and utilities. This was a completely different experience compared to building structures, as it involved extensive coordination with public agencies and a greater emphasis on safety and sustainability. I had the chance to work on a few notable projects, including the construction of a major highway overpass and a large-scale water treatment facility.

In the past few years, I’ve been focusing on sustainable and green infrastructure. I’ve been involved in the design and construction of green roofs, urban drainage systems, and renewable energy facilities. This work has been incredibly fulfilling as I’ve seen firsthand how civil engineering can contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future.

In summary, my experience spans across both building structures and public infrastructure. I believe this breadth of experience allows me to approach problems from different perspectives and come up with innovative solutions.

Can you explain your understanding of project management within a civil engineering context? See 4 more sample answers to this question

In a civil engineering context, project management encompasses a broad range of activities that ensures a project is completed on time, within budget, and meets the necessary quality standards. As civil engineering projects are typically large-scale and complex, effective project management is crucial to their success.

The process begins with the initiation phase, where the project’s feasibility is assessed. This includes understanding the client’s needs, defining project goals and objectives, and identifying potential risks. A key deliverable at this stage is a project charter, which outlines the project’s purpose, scope, stakeholders, and overall approach.

The next phase is planning, which is perhaps the most complex phase. It involves establishing a detailed project plan that covers all aspects, including schedule, budget, resources, risk management, quality control, and communication. We use tools like Gantt charts and critical path method (CPM) to plan and sequence activities, and a work breakdown structure (WBS) to manage tasks and responsibilities.

Execution is the phase where the plans are put into action. As the project manager , you have to coordinate and oversee the work of different teams, manage resources, and ensure quality control measures are adhered to. You need to communicate effectively with all stakeholders, resolve any issues that arise, and make adjustments as needed to keep the project on track.

Monitoring and controlling run concurrently with the execution phase. This involves tracking the project’s progress against the plan, reviewing performance metrics, managing risks, and implementing changes where necessary. It’s about ensuring that the project is progressing as planned, and if not, taking corrective action promptly.

Finally, the closure phase involves delivering the completed project to the client, as well as reviewing and documenting lessons learned for future projects. It’s important to recognize the team’s efforts and successes at this stage.

Tell me about a time when you made a mistake on a project. How did you handle it? See 4 more sample answers to this question

I believe owning up to our mistakes and learning from them is crucial to personal growth and professional development. One particular instance comes to mind from early in my career when I was involved in the design of a commercial building.

I was responsible for developing the structural analysis model of the building, which included determining the load distribution across various structural elements. While I was confident in my work, I made a calculation error in estimating the live load for one of the floors.

During a routine project review meeting, a senior engineer identified that my load calculations seemed off. It was an embarrassing situation, considering the entire team was present. However, instead of getting defensive, I immediately acknowledged the possibility of an error and committed to reviewing my calculations.

I spent the entire evening reworking the calculations and, indeed, found an oversight in my initial analysis. I had mistakenly used an incorrect load factor which led to the error. The following day, I confessed my mistake to the team, explained where I had gone wrong, and presented the corrected analysis.

While it was an uncomfortable situation, my project manager appreciated my willingness to take ownership of the mistake and the quick turnaround in providing a solution. I learned a valuable lesson about the importance of thoroughness and double-checking my work, especially in a field as critical as civil engineering where errors can have significant consequences. Since then, I have always made it a point to cross-verify critical aspects of my work, and I’ve also encouraged junior team members to do the same. It was a mistake, but it led to a significant improvement in my approach towards my work.

What is your understanding of the current civil engineering codes and regulations in our locality? See 4 more sample answers to this question

As a civil engineer, compliance with local codes and regulations is crucial to ensure the safety, sustainability, and legal feasibility of any project. Over the years, I’ve made it a point to stay updated with the changing regulations and codes in our area.

First and foremost, it’s important to note that we follow the International Building Code (IBC), which serves as the foundational code for all construction projects. However, specific requirements can vary depending on the locality. In our area, for example, we have additional considerations due to our unique seismic and weather conditions. Therefore, we also adhere to specific seismic design criteria and codes that pertain to our locality, as set out by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).

Furthermore, we also abide by local zoning regulations that dictate what can be built in specific areas and how existing structures can be used or modified. These regulations cover everything from height restrictions, setback requirements, to parking allotments, and more.

For infrastructure projects, we follow the Department of Transportation’s guidelines, and for water-related projects, we adhere to the guidelines set out by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and local water management authorities.

Lastly, sustainable construction practices are increasingly being emphasized. To this end, we comply with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards wherever applicable.

I keep myself abreast with the changes in these codes and regulations by attending workshops, webinars, reading updates from authoritative bodies, and consulting with other professionals in the field. It’s critical to me to ensure my knowledge stays current, so that I can confidently lead projects to successful, compliant conclusions.

How would you ensure compliance with health and safety regulations on the construction site? See 4 more sample answers to this question

Firstly, I believe that ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations begins with education. I would start by making sure everyone on the site is aware of the rules and regulations that apply to our work. This includes organizing regular safety training sessions, which cover the relevant laws and the latest industry best practices. Any new hires would undergo a mandatory safety orientation before starting work, and I would also conduct refresher courses periodically to ensure that everyone’s knowledge stays current.

In addition, I would establish clear communication channels for safety concerns. Workers should feel comfortable reporting potential hazards, near-misses, and actual incidents. This can be achieved through an open-door policy and encouraging a positive safety culture where each person feels responsible for the safety of the team.

Regular audits and inspections are also crucial in ensuring compliance. This involves checking equipment, work practices, and the physical state of the site for any safety issues. These inspections would be carried out at scheduled intervals and also randomly, to maintain a high level of vigilance. Any issues or non-compliances found during these inspections would be rectified promptly.

It’s also important to maintain proper documentation of all safety-related activities. This includes training records, inspection reports, incident reports, and so on. This not only helps in tracking compliance but also provides valuable data for identifying trends and areas for improvement.

Lastly, in the case of any changes to the project or the introduction of new processes or equipment, I would conduct risk assessments to evaluate the potential hazards. This would help in developing appropriate safety measures and procedures before the changes are implemented.

All these strategies are essential in ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations. But ultimately, the key lies in fostering a safety-first culture on the construction site where everyone understands and values the importance of safety, both for themselves and for their colleagues.

See more questions and learn from over 100 sample answers…

Engineering Problem-Solving Skills: Tips to Improve Fast

Thousands of engineers can attest that these methods work in helping you improve your problem solving skills in engineering.

Tips to improve your engineering problem-solving skills fast

It doesn’t matter which field of engineering you belong to; once you step into engineering school, you are bombarded with problems that test your problem-solving skills.

You are bound to answer challenging questions to the point that you are already on the verge of losing your sanity.

This happens as early as the general engineering subjects in your freshmen year, which are mostly mathematics. So how do you cope?

If you are a master solver in high school, that wouldn’t be so much of a problem.

You’ve got mathematics up your sleeves which makes the job of problem-solving much easier when you are in engineering.

But if you consider yourself weak in math – but taking an engineering course anyway – you should be willing to put all the work you need to do.

There is nothing that cannot be done unless you are going to set your mind to it.

Just follow these tips.

Thousands of engineers can attest that these methods work in helping you improve your problem-solving skills in engineering:

Practice, practice, practice

The more problems you solve before the exam, the more you understand the underlying principles.

It is not enough for you to resolve the problems your professor gave you.

You have to keep more problems and solve them so you can absorb what the topic is all about.

The key is repetition and consistency.

Not only that, but this also exposes you to different problems that should no longer shock you in the actual exam.

If you prepare for the most difficult problems, you are most likely to find the exam easy.

Do not memorize the process

It’s better that you gain an understanding of the logic behind the process rather than memorizing each step.

Engineers should rather analyze than memorize .

A slight change in the problem of the actual exam will leave you awestruck if it isn’t similar to the one you had in mind.

That’s why I don’t really recommend memorizing the steps given by your professor; instead, ask how and why the process came to be.

That way, you can also apply the concepts to other related problems.

Draw as you imagine the problem

If it applies, make a diagram as you visualize what can be done with the given values.

This is more of a time-saving tip because, as you know, time is essential in the exam.

If the problem is long, you will waste time re-reading the problem just to draw your diagrams.

It’s better if you illustrate right away as you read.

Make your own mnemonics

Formulas are difficult to remember as is.

Try to be creative with them and make mnemonics for better retention.

Especially in exact formulas wherein you can’t derive, assign some words that can make you easily remember them.

Be playful as possible. You can also make the formulas into songs! The sky is the limit when it comes to mnemonics.

Use your resources

Get help from your existing resources to enhance your engineering problem-solving skills.

Gather all the study materials you can have on the topics you need to study.

Do this as early as possible so you can go over all of them.

This is related to the first tip, which is practice, practice, practice.

How could you do that if you don’t have the materials or resources at hand?

Take note that resources are not limited to books but to tutorials as well.

You can ask your classmates or teachers when you seem lost in certain topics.

Solve neatly to enhance your engineering problem-solving skills

Keep your solutions and figures as neat as possible.

Organize them line by line to enhance your engineering problem-solving skills

This is perhaps the most underrated tip on this list.

Not only do messy solution sheets confuse the one who will check them (if it isn’t Scantron), but you will also have a hard time understanding your solution when you review them before you submit it.

Imagine going over that one last problem that you skipped but hastily solved because you realized it involves a long solution.

Only to be turned back to in the last 5 minutes of the exam period. Your mind is all over the place and so is your solution. Wasted points.

Help as much as you can

Discuss with someone to enhance your engineering problem-solving skills.

One of the most effective ways to understand the topics is to teach them to others in the simplest way possible.

Remember what the great Albert Einstein said, “If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough.”

Helping others understand the topics also helps you understand them even more.

It’s one of the best ways for retention, while you also discover that others have questions you never thought to ask.

Move on when you cannot answer anymore

You don’t know how to answer a problem? Just go over it later.

The next questions might give you an idea.

Don’t waste your time over one difficult problem at the start when you have the easiest ones in later parts.

Sometimes the professor/examiner plays this trick to test the exam time management of the takers.

Got anything to add to these tips?

Share them below!

Posted by Engr. Amber Rose Watson

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Due to ASCE’s annual year-end inventory count, all print book, CD, and DVD orders submitted after 4:30 pm EST on Monday, September 2, 2024 will begin shipping on Tuesday, September 10, 2024. E-books will continue to be available for purchase through ASCE Library .

Analyzing problem-solving processes of students, faculty, and P.E.s

While practicing engineers in the real world solve complex, ill-structured problems, most undergraduate students are taught well-structured problems. Problems used in the classroom usually have a single answer, whereas ill-structured problems are not easily predictable, and may require cross-disciplinary collaboration to resolve. 

Early efforts to improve the engineering curricula, as far back as the 1950s, suggested incorporating social sciences into engineering coursework, and more recent studies suggest the need for practical real-world experience. Most studies of this nature have focused on the differences in problem-solving between students and professionals. A new study in the Journal of Civil Engineering Education , “Investigating Problem-Solving Processes of Students, Faculty, and Practicing Engineers in Civil Engineering”, incorporates the faculty teaching engineering students into the mix.

The study presents a comparative analysis of the problem-solving processes of civil engineering students, faculty, and practicing engineers and highlight the similarities and differences. Learn more about the research of Secil Akinci-Ceylan; Kristen S. Cetin, Ph.D., M.ASCE; Benjamin Ahn, Ph.D.; Andrea Surovek, Ph.D., F.ASCE; and Bora Cetin, Ph.D., M.ASCE, in the abstract below, or by reading the full paper in the ASCE Library, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.2643-9115.0000054 .      

Abstract Solving ill-structured problems is a complex task that is required of engineers who work in industry. To better prepare undergraduate engineering students for this complex task and their future professional careers, this paper provides an analysis of the results of research focusing on the study of problem-solving processes adopted by civil engineering students, faculty members, and practicing engineers. This exploratory work presents findings concerning the way in which 16 participants solved an ill-structured engineering problem and examines similarities and differences between the participants in terms of their problem-solving processes. This study was guided by the following research question: What specifically are the problem-solving processes of (1) students, (2) faculty, and (3) practicing engineers, and what are the similarities and differences between them when solving an ill-structured problem? In order to answer this research question, verbal protocol analysis was used. Participants were asked to think aloud as they formulated potential solutions to the proposed problem. Our findings indicate some distinct differences between students, professors, and practicing engineers in their problem-solving processes. Faculty were found to double-check their solutions and make assumptions more than students and practicing engineers, while students were found to express their feelings more and use analogies and outside knowledge less than faculty and practicing engineers. These differences between students, faculty, and practicing engineers suggest that engineering curriculum and instruction should supplement well-structured problems with ill-structured problems in engineering classrooms in order to help students become familiar with multiple problem-solving approaches available to them and better understand the connection between the workplace and the classroom.

Read the full paper in the ASCE Library: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.2643-9115.0000054

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, improvement of students problem-solving skills through project execution planning in civil engineering and construction management education.

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management

ISSN : 0969-9988

Article publication date: 10 July 2019

Issue publication date: 2 August 2019

The purpose of this paper is to improve students’ problem-solving skills in civil engineering and construction management education.

Design/methodology/approach

The design includes structured role-playing as a pedagogical method in 21 project teams with a total of 82 undergraduate students at Chang’an University, China, in a nine-week Building Information Modeling (BIM) capstone course. The methodology is a teaching–learning experiment in a civil engineering education program with a detailed description of the empirical case and assessment instruments. The approach is to train project execution planning in a capstone course by role-playing with a real-world project using the procedures of the BIM Project Execution Planning Guide (PEPG) and process mapping.

The study finds that students can significantly improve their problem-solving skills through planning and role-specific communication during projects.

Research limitations/implications

The research sample needs to be expanded from senior-level undergraduate students to consider the different backgrounds and motivations of students.

Practical implications

This pedagogy is helpful to educators who are interested in group learning with a real-world project; the procedures of BIM PEPG; self-chosen responsibilities within a capstone course time framework; raising the awareness of the importance of planning; information exchange; and team cooperation.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to study how role-playing in information and technology rich environments can be structured.

• Building information modelling
• Constructions education

Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71301013); Humanity and Social Science Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 17YJA790091); List of Key Science and Technology Projects in China’s Transportation Industry in 2018-International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (No. 2018-01639); Shaanxi Social Science Fund (No. 2017S004 and No. 2016ZB017); Shaanxi Province Social Sciences Major Theoretical and Practical Research Fund (No. 2019Z191 and No. 2017Z028); Xi’an Social Science Fund (No. 18J139); Xi’an Construction Science and Technology Planning Project (No. SJW201705); Xi’an Science Technology Bureau Fund (No. 201805070RK1SF4(6)); Shaanxi Universities Second Batch of Youth Outstanding Talents Support Projects (No. [2018]111); Shaanxi Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Project (No. 17BZ017); Education Funding of Master of Engineering Management in China (No. 2017-ZX-004); Shaanxi Province Civil Engineering “first-class professional” project (No. 300103292804 and No. 300103282803); Special Fund for Graduate Student Education Reform of Central College, Chang’an University (No. 300103190413, No. 300103190018, No. 300103190943, No. 300111002005, No. 300103187091, No. 310623176201, No. 310623176702, No. 310628176702 and No. 310628161406); Fundamental Research for Education Reform of Central College, Chang’an University (No. 300104292305, No. 300104292304, No. 300104292308, No. 300103292806, No. 300104282301, No. 300104282318, No. 300104282323, No. 310623172904, No. 310623171003 and No. 310623171633); Fundamental Research for Funds for the Central Universities (Humanities and Social Sciences), Chang’an University (No. 300102239616); Fundamental Research for Funds for the Central Universities, Chang’an University (No. 300102238201).

Zhang, J. , Xie, H. and Li, H. (2019), "Improvement of students problem-solving skills through project execution planning in civil engineering and construction management education", Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management , Vol. 26 No. 7, pp. 1437-1454. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2018-0321

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