md phd brown

Graduate Programs

MD/PhDs: Training for the future of medicine

By blurring the line between patient care and clinical research, this dual degree might be our best chance to tackle some of the most pressing health issues of our time.

Of the approximately 20,000 physicians trained in the U.S. each year, only 600 of them are MD/PhDs, also known as physician-scientists. The dual degree takes approximately seven to eight years to complete, followed by a three- to seven-year residency program for those looking to practice medicine.

The Warren Alpert Medical School set out to revitalize its MD/PhD Program in 2017. At the time, all students in the program were from Brown’s Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME). Thanks to a gift from The Warren Alpert Foundation, Brown was able to open up the application process to external candidates. That got the ball rolling.

Resilience, brilliance, creativity

“It's really a rare breed,” says Jonathan D. Kurtis '89 PhD'95 MD'96, the Stanley M. Aronson Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, chair of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and director of the Warren Alpert Physician-Scientist MD/PhD and Advanced Training Program.

According to Kurtis, one of the hallmarks of Brown’s program is how it deliberately blurs the boundaries between the MD and PhD programs. During the first two years of medical school, MD/PhD students spend each summer in a research lab so they can gain basic science experience in addition to learning clinical medicine. Once they’ve passed the qualifying exam during their PhD, they spend every other week in a clinic doing family practice to gain experience with adult medicine, pediatrics, and some obstetrical care.

“We're trying to emphasize that students have to have the ability to think clinically while doing research and think about research questions while doing clinical medicine,” says Kurtis. “That's the life of a physician-scientist.”

The ideal MD/PhD is able to ask and answer questions at the interface of clinical medicine and basic science. That requires a particular set of traits. One of the most important qualities, according to Kurtis, is resilience.

“MD/PhDs have to be able to be rejected over and over again. With the actual research itself not working out, or the hypothesis they are testing being incorrect, or something as mundane as constant grant rejection,” he says. “Tuesday, I'm seeing patients; Thursday, I'm submitting an NIH grant; Friday, I'm crying because I didn't get it; and on Monday, I'm back up like a weeble, submitting it again. You’ve got to be able to bounce like that.”

Another must-have quality according to Kurtis: brilliance. Students pursuing an MD/PhD have to be able to learn and retain a tremendous knowledge base within basic science and clinical medicine. Until they know where the perimeters of the known world are, he says, they’re never going to be able to exceed them. He wants students to learn everything there is to know about a disease, then push beyond it.

“ Anytime you're on the edge of the perimeters of knowledge in a disease area where we have suboptimal therapy—you can start merging your science with science from another field. That is where you're going to have big impacts. ”

The third attribute of the MD/PhD might be a little unexpected, but it is critical nonetheless: creativity. Kurtis describes medicine as an art that involves a huge social dimension, including interacting with your patients, understanding their life histories, and helping them work toward the optimal trajectory for their health status.

“You need a little bit of blue sky thinking and the ability to imagine things that haven't been thought of before,” says Kurtis. “But then you need to be able to put those thoughts into practice. That's the whole package.”

Prioritizing translational medicine

Since Dean Jack A. Elias arrived at Brown in 2013, there's been a big push to increase Brown’s capacity and capabilities for translational science—studying elements of basic science in biological contexts and then working through the steps to apply them to a particular disease. Brown has also been actively increasing the number of faculty doing translational research. Both these areas—along with the MD/PhD program—have been BrownTogether campaign priorities for the Division of Biology and Medicine.

In the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, for example, Brown has recently recruited several excellent investigators in cancer biology who are physician-scientists. According to Tom Bartnikas, MD, PhD (associate director of the MD/PhD Program and Manning Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), that is good news for students.

“The research of these faculty members is increasing the data sophistication and elegance of the cancer work being done on campus,” says Bartnikas. “And they, in turn, want excellent students in their labs.” He also notes that MD/PhD students are a perfect fit for this type of work because they operate and shine at the interface between basic science and clinical medicine to develop new approaches to diagnose and treat disease.

“Once you get into the lab and really make the science your own, you start exploring it very intimately,” says Bartnikas. “Then you start to see questions that other people haven't asked yet, and you think, maybe I could be the first one to explore that part of this disease process.” For Bartnikas, this “intellectual adventure” is incredibly compelling.

“It's almost more exciting when your original hypothesis doesn't turn out to be true, because then you stumble upon something that you didn't even know was out there, and that can take you in new directions you didn't anticipate. Anytime you're on the edge of the perimeters of knowledge in a disease area where we have suboptimal therapy—you can start merging your science with science from another field. That is where you're going to have big impacts.”

Growing the program

Four years ago, Brown had three applicants for three MD/PhD slots. Two years ago, when Brown opened up its program to external candidates, 150 applications came in for the same three slots. The next year, there were 250 applications. This makes for a tough admissions process, both for the applicants and the admissions team.

“We get way more applications than we can accept,” says Bartnikas. “That's a good situation, because it shows there's interest in the program, and Brown is able to bring in really top-notch students. The issue now is Brown’s ability to compete with other programs.”

The gift from The Warren Alpert Foundation gave the Medical School the ability to waive medical school tuition for all four years for MD/PhDs. Previously, it was only waived for two years.

“That was the biggest financial burden,'' says Bartnikas, “but our peer institutions give stipends to cover living expenses to MD/PhD students during the medical school years, too, and we don't. That's a big deal.”

Another goal of the MD/PhD program is to attract students who are underrepresented minorities (URM) in medicine. Funding, however, has made this effort a challenge as URM candidates have turned down offers from Brown in favor of other institutions with better financial offerings.

“Not being able to offer a stipend during the MD years is an unmet need,” says Kurtis, “If we could fund that, we would be more attractive to students, particularly those that can’t afford to take a less ideal offer.”

Potential for future impact

Kurtis is extremely optimistic about the program and the impact it will have on future patients and families. “Our students are doing incredible things in areas like neuroscience, cancer, and infectious diseases. Imagine if that MD/PhD student actually develops the next generation therapy for glioblastoma. Suddenly you take a uniformly fatal disease and now you've got a 20 or 30% survival rate. That's phenomenal. Now imagine an MD/PhD student who's working in iron biology who discovers a new treatment for iron deficiency, anemia, or leukemia. It's game-changing.”

He also notes that it has been a true joy helping to bring this program along the developmental path. In the next three to four years, he thinks we're going to see the program go through another inflection point. Kurtis views the MD/PhD Program as one of Dean Elias’ signature—and now legacy—achievements at Brown, noting the intense focus Elias put on the program and his desire to train the kinds of physician-scientists we need in the 21st century.

“We're a growing program,” says Kurtis, “and if we could get the last bit of resources in place, I think we could compete with any program in the country.”

Support students.

Give now to support the next generation of physician-scientists training at Brown.

For more information about how to support the MD/PhD Program, please contact:

Cailie Burns Assistant Dean for Biomedical Advancement +1 (401) 368-8155 [email protected]

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General Psychiatry Residency Program

Miriam Goldberg, MD, PhD

Dr. Goldberg joined the residency and Research Training Program from University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Brown University Department of Engineering where she worked with Drs. Matthias Walz, MD, FCCP and Robert Brown, Jr., DPhil, MD (UMASS) and Dr. Leigh Hochberg, MD, PhD (Brown) to develop a technology-based protocol for addressing the communicated needs of non-speaking ICU patients. She was the first author of ‘Development of a manually operated communication system (MOCS) for patients in intensive care units’ published in Augmentative and Alternative Communication . Dr. Goldberg had summer research experiences at the Speak Your Mind Foundation in Providence, RI, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Boston, MA where she worked on the development of assistive communication technology for persons with severe physical disabilities impacting movement and speech and designed, administered, and analyzed results of a novel behavioral intervention for autistic adolescents designed to introduce natural emotional expressions in a supportive learning environment.

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 21 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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