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Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Starting with the Yale School of Medicine (YSM) graduating class of 2002, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library and YSM Office of Student Research have collaborated on the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library (YMTDL) project, publishing the digitized full text of medical student theses on the web as a valuable byproduct of Yale student research efforts. The digital thesis deposit has been a graduation requirement since 2006. Starting in 2012, alumni of the Yale School of Medicine were invited to participate in the YMTDL project by granting scanning and hosting permission to the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, which digitized the Library’s print copy of their thesis or dissertation. A grant from the Arcadia Fund in 2017 provided the means for digitizing over 1,000 additional theses. IF YOU ARE A MEMBER OF THE YALE COMMUNITY AND NEED ACCESS TO A THESIS RESTRICTED TO THE YALE NETWORK, PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK) IS ON.

Theses/Dissertations from 2024 2024

Refractory Neurogenic Cough Management: The Non-Inferiority Of Soluble Steroids To Particulate Suspensions For Superior Laryngeal Nerve Blocks , Hisham Abdou

Percutaneous Management Of Pelvic Fluid Collections: A 10-Year Series , Chidumebi Alim

Behavioral Outcomes In Patients With Metopic Craniosynostosis: Relationship With Radiographic Severity , Mariana Almeida

Ventilator Weaning Parameters Revisited: A Traditional Analysis And A Test Of Artificial Intelligence To Predict Successful Extubation , John James Andrews

Developing Precision Genome Editors: Peptide Nucleic Acids Modulate Crispr Cas9 To Treat Autosomal Dominant Disease , Jem Atillasoy

Radiology Education For U.s. Medical Students In 2024: A State-Of-The-Art Analysis , Ryan Bahar

Out-Of-Pocket Spending On Medications For Diabetes In The United States , Baylee Bakkila

Imaging Markers Of Microstructural Development In Neonatal Brains And The Impact Of Postnatal Pathologies , Pratheek Sai Bobba

A Needs Assessment For Rural Health Education In United States Medical Schools , Kailey Carlson

Racial Disparities In Behavioral Crisis Care: Investigating Restraint Patterns In Emergency Departments , Erika Chang-Sing

Social Determinants Of Health & Barriers To Care In Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Lost To Follow-Up , Thomas Chang

Association Between Fine Particulate Matter And Eczema: A Cross-Sectional Study Of The All Of Us Research Program And The Center For Air, Climate, And Energy Solutions , Gloria Chen

Predictors Of Adverse Outcomes Following Surgical Intervention For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy , Samuel Craft

Genetic Contributions To Thoracic Aortic Disease , Ellelan Arega Degife

Actigraphy And Symptom Changes With A Social Rhythm Intervention In Young Persons With Mood Disorders , Gabriela De Queiroz Campos

Incidence Of Pathologic Nodal Disease In Clinically Node Negative, Microinvasive/t1a Breast Cancers , Pranammya Dey

Spinal Infections: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management , Meera Madhav Dhodapkar

Childen's Reentry To School After Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Qualitative Study , Madeline Digiovanni

Bringing Large Language Models To Ophthalmology: Domain-Specific Ontologies And Evidence Attribution , Aidan Gilson

Surgical Personalities: A Cultural History Of Early 20th Century American Plastic Surgery , Joshua Zev Glahn

Implications Of Acute Brain Injury Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Daniel Grubman

Latent Health Status Trajectory Modelling In Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease , Scott Grubman

The Human Claustrum Tracks Slow Waves During Sleep , Brett Gu

Patient Perceptions Of Machine Learning-Enabled Digital Mental Health , Clara Zhang Guo

Variables Affecting The 90-Day Overall Reimbursement Of Four Common Orthopaedic Procedures , Scott Joseph Halperin

The Evolving Landscape Of Academic Plastic Surgery: Understanding And Shaping Future Directions In Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion , Sacha C. Hauc

Association Of Vigorous Physical Activity With Psychiatric Disorders And Participation In Treatment , John L. Havlik

Long-Term Natural History Of Ush2a-Retinopathy , Michael Heyang

Clinical Decision Support For Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine For Opioid Use Disorder , Wesley Holland

Applying Deep Learning To Derive Noninvasive Imaging Biomarkers For High-Risk Phenotypes Of Prostate Cancer , Sajid Hossain

The Hardships Of Healthcare Among People With Lived Experiences Of Homelessness In New Haven, Ct , Brandon James Hudik

Outcomes Of Peripheral Vascular Interventions In Patients Treated With Factor Xa Inhibitors , Joshua Joseph Huttler

Janus Kinase Inhibition In Granuloma Annulare: Two Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Trials , Erica Hwang

Medicaid Coverage For Undocumented Children In Connecticut: A Political History , Chinye Ijeli

Population Attributable Fraction Of Reproductive Factors In Triple Negative Breast Cancer By Race , Rachel Jaber Chehayeb

Evaluation Of Gastroesophageal Reflux And Hiatal Hernia As Risk Factors For Lobectomy Complications , Michael Kaminski

Health-Related Social Needs Before And After Critical Illness Among Medicare Beneficiaries , Tamar A. Kaminski

Effects Of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair On Cardiac Function At Rest , Nabeel Kassam

Conditioned Hallucinations By Illness Stage In Individuals With First Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia, And Clinical High Risk For Psychosis , Adam King

The Choroid Plexus Links Innate Immunity To Dysregulation Of Csf Homeostasis In Diverse Forms Of Hydrocephalus , Emre Kiziltug

Health Status Changes After Stenting For Stroke Prevention In Carotid Artery Stenosis , Jonathan Kluger

Rare And Undiagnosed Liver Diseases: New Insights From Genomic And Single Cell Transcriptomic Analyses , Chigoziri Konkwo

“Teen Health” Empowers Informed Contraception Decision-Making In Adolescents And Young Adults , Christina Lepore

Barriers To Mental Health Care In Us Military Veterans , Connor Lewis

Barriers To Methadone For Hiv Prevention Among People Who Inject Drugs In Kazakhstan , Amanda Rachel Liberman

Unheard Voices: The Burden Of Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease In Women , Marah Maayah

Partial And Total Tonsillectomy For Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Role Of The Cas-15 , Jacob Garn Mabey

Association Between Insurance, Access To Care, And Outcomes For Patients With Uveal Melanoma In The United States , Victoria Anne Marks

Urinary Vegf And Cell-Free Dna As Non-Invasive Biomarkers For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening , Mitchelle Matesva

Pain Management In Facial Trauma: A Narrative Review , Hunter Mccurdy

Meningioma Relational Database Curation Using A Pacs-Integrated Tool For Collection Of Clinical And Imaging Features , Ryan Mclean

Colonoscopy Withdrawal Time And Dysplasia Detection In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease , Chandler Julianne Mcmillan

Cerebral Arachnoid Cysts Are Radiographic Harbingers Of Epigenetics Defects In Neurodevelopment , Kedous Mekbib

Regulation And Payment Of New Medical Technologies , Osman Waseem Moneer

Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Tricuspid Valve Repair Surgery , Alyssa Morrison

Non-Invasive Epidermal Proteome-Based Subclassification Of Psoriasis And Eczema And Identification Of Treatment Relevant Biomarkers , Michael Murphy

Ballistic And Explosive Orthopaedic Trauma Epidemiology And Outcomes In A Global Population , Jamieson M. O'marr

Dermatologic Infectious Complications And Mimickers In Cancer Patients On Oncologic Therapy , Jolanta Pach

Distressed Community Index In Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy In Medicare-Linked Vqi Registry , Carmen Pajarillo

Preoperative Psychosocial Risk Burden Among Patients Undergoing Major Thoracic And Abdominal Surgery , Emily Park

Volumetric Assessment Of Imaging Response In The Pnoc Pediatric Glioma Clinical Trials , Divya Ramakrishnan

Racial And Sex Disparities In Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An Acs Nsqip Analysis , Tagan Rohrbaugh

A School-Based Study Of The Prevalence Of Rheumatic Heart Disease In Bali, Indonesia , Alysha Rose

Outcomes Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy For Patients With Thoracic Tumors In Predominantly Central Locations , Alexander Sasse

Healthcare Expenditure On Atrial Fibrillation In The United States: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2016-2021 , Claudia See

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Oropharyngeal Cancer Post-Treatment Surveillance Practices , Rema Shah

Machine Learning And Risk Prediction Tools In Neurosurgery: A Rapid Review , Josiah Sherman

Maternal And Donor Human Milk Support Robust Intestinal Epithelial Growth And Differentiation In A Fetal Intestinal Organoid Model , Lauren Smith

Constructing A Fetal Human Liver Atlas: Insights Into Liver Development , Zihan Su

Somatic Mutations In Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, And Myeloid Neoplasms , Tho Tran

Illness Perception And The Impact Of A Definitive Diagnosis On Women With Ischemia And No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study , Leslie Yingzhijie Tseng

Advances In Keratin 17 As A Cancer Biomarker: A Systematic Review , Robert Tseng

Regionalization Strategy To Optimize Inpatient Bed Utilization And Reduce Emergency Department Crowding , Ragini Luthra Vaidya

Survival Outcomes In T3 Laryngeal Cancer Based On Staging Features At Diagnosis , Vickie Jiaying Wang

Analysis Of Revertant Mosaicism And Cellular Competition In Ichthyosis With Confetti , Diana Yanez

A Hero's Journey: Experiences Using A Therapeutic Comicbook In A Children’s Psychiatric Inpatient Unit , Idil Yazgan

Prevalence Of Metabolic Comorbidities And Viral Infections In Monoclonal Gammopathy , Mansen Yu

Automated Detection Of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using Large Language Models , Neil Zheng

Vascular Risk Factor Treatment And Control For Stroke Prevention , Tianna Zhou

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Radiomics: A Methodological Guide And Its Applications To Acute Ischemic Stroke , Emily Avery

Characterization Of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events Due To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Annika Belzer

An Investigation Of Novel Point Of Care 1-Tesla Mri Of Infants’ Brains In The Neonatal Icu , Elisa Rachel Berson

Understanding Perceptions Of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Education In A Pediatric Tertiary Care Center , Gabriel BetancurVelez

Effectiveness Of Acitretin For Skin Cancer Prevention In Immunosuppressed And Non-Immunosuppressed Patients , Shaman Bhullar

Adherence To Tumor Board Recommendations In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma , Yueming Cao

Clinical Trials Related To The Spine & Shoulder/elbow: Rates, Predictors, & Reasons For Termination , Dennis Louis Caruana

Improving Delivery Of Immunomodulator Mpla With Biodegradable Nanoparticles , Jungsoo Chang

Sex Differences In Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis , Shin Mei Chan

Incorporating Genomic Analysis In The Clinical Practice Of Hepatology , David Hun Chung

Emergency Medicine Resident Perceptions Of A Medical Wilderness Adventure Race (medwar) , Lake Crawford

Surgical Outcomes Following Posterior Spinal Fusion For Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis , Wyatt Benajmin David

Representing Cells As Sentences Enables Natural Language Processing For Single Cell Transcriptomics , Rahul M. Dhodapkar

Life Vs. Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness: Short-Term Involuntary Commitment Laws In All 50 US States , Sofia Dibich

Healthcare Disparities In Preoperative Risk Management For Total Joint Arthroplasty , Chloe Connolly Dlott

Toll-Like Receptors 2/4 Directly Co-Stimulate Arginase-1 Induction Critical For Macrophage-Mediated Renal Tubule Regeneration , Natnael Beyene Doilicho

Associations Of Atopic Dermatitis With Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities , Ryan Fan

International Academic Partnerships In Orthopaedic Surgery , Michael Jesse Flores

Young Adults With Adhd And Their Involvement In Online Communities: A Qualitative Study , Callie Marie Ginapp

Becoming A Doctor, Becoming A Monster: Medical Socialization And Desensitization In Nazi Germany And 21st Century USA , SimoneElise Stern Hasselmo

Comparative Efficacy Of Pharmacological Interventions For Borderline Personality Disorder: A Network Meta-Analysis , Olivia Dixon Herrington

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Edinburgh Medical School thesis and dissertation collection

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Edinburgh Medical School is one of two schools at the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Medical School integrates research and teaching across our three Deaneries: Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences and Molecular,Genetic and Population Health Sciences.

Recent Submissions

Integrated analysis of patient gene expression data for precision medicine applications in breast and pancreatic cancer , investigating chromosome cohesion loss in mammalian oocytes , quality palliative care in humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income country context , understanding and stratifying brain health through blood-based omics data , role of the nuclear basket in regulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype , identifying mistranslating mrnas in mouse models of autism , development of attachment in infants born preterm , investigating the motor neuron translatome in spinal muscular atrophy and normal postnatal development , impact of prenatal stress and chronic stress in adult rats on the brain, behaviour and gut microbiome , investigating colonic macrophage heterogeneity in steady-state, inflammation, and resolution , social behaviour in two rat models of syngap1 haploinsufficiency , multimodal decoding of the human and mouse mesenchymal lineage in biliary fibrosis , establishing the mechanistic basis of action for novel siderophore-based antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria , planar cell polarity pathway as a master regulator of biliary morphogenesis , anatomical, biomechanical and histological evaluation of the glenoid labrum , circuitry and function of layer 1 interneurons in the medial entorhinal cortex , exploiting large-scale exome sequence data to study the genotype-phenotype relationship , characterising disease heterogeneity in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: leveraging longitudinal biomarker profiles , influence of glucocorticoid bioavailability on atherogenesis , manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cardiometabolic disorders .

Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library

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• Orbis , Yale Online Catalog Search for all Yale theses using Orbis by including the words "Yale" and  "thesis" as keywords in your search.  Items cataloged in Orbis will have both a call number and a "handle" URL for the catalog record. Please include both if if you make an email inquiry about access.  
• Dissertations & Theses - Full Text  Digital Dissertations contains more than 1.6 million entries with information about doctoral dissertations, including Yale MD/PhD dissertations. It is the same database as Dissertation Abstracts, but with the significant advantage that titles published since 1997 are available in PDF digital format.  
• Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library Project Starting in 2006, each YSM graduating class is required to deposit an electronic thesis. Theses from 2011-onward are also accessible through Dissertations & Theses - Full Text . Note: If a medical student selects a temporary or permanent embargo for campus-only access, the full-text will not be available in the Proquest system during the embargo. Thesis abstracts should be available in either EliScholar or Proquest.  
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Theses in the Library

The Medical Library receives one copy of each Yale School of Medicine thesis and two copies of each School of Nursing thesis. School of Public Health theses are in the Medical Library through 2008. In 2009, SPH theses are electronic only and available in the Proquest Dissertations & Theses - Full Text  product. Each thesis is cataloged with author and subject entries for Orbis, the Yale online catalog. In addition, a historical list of theses arranged by year , indicating the call numbers for requesting the thesis, is shelved in the Medical Library Information Room. To view a print thesis, thesis request forms are available at the Circulation Desk. Theses from 1974 to the present are shelved within the Medical Library and are retrieved twice a day, at 11:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. Earlier theses are stored in the Library Shelving Facility (LSF). Theses at LSF may be delivered to the Medical Library via the campus library delivery service. The second copy of the School of Nursing theses may be checked out for home use, but all other theses must be used in the Library. For more information, please call the Circulation Desk 203-785-5354.

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Problems and solutions to conduct of thesis of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: an insight into the students perspective

Alok kumar sahoo.

1 Department of Anesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

Nitasha Mishra

2 Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

Manisha Sahoo

Premangshu ghoshal.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely impacted medical education worldwide. However, its impact on the postgraduate medical thesis and dissertation work is still not evaluated. Through this study, we planned to find out the problems brought by the pandemic and likely alternatives and possible solutions to thrust the academic competence of postgraduate students.

After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval, we sent a 13-item questionnaire to postgraduate medical students in India via various social media online platforms. Data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on thesis work and alternatives/solutions to improve the research competence were collected on a Likert scale and analyzed.

We received a total of 398 responses out of which 377 entries were included for final analysis. The majority of participants (88%) reportedly had an adverse impact on the thesis work and out of 25% of the participants who recently submitted their around 45% had to do so without achieving the estimated sample size. The 6-month departmental review for thesis progress was seen in merely 28% of participants. Possible alternatives suggested were the maintenance of log books, task-based assessment of research methodology, departmental audits, and systematic reviews. Solutions suggested for improving the research competence of students were a compulsory research methodology curriculum, a biostatistics department in each institution, permission to conduct thesis work beyond submission time, exclusive time for research work, and financial incentives.

Modification in the research aspect of the current postgraduate medical education is the need of the hour and the pandemic has enlightened us regarding the current weaknesses.

Introduction

During a pandemic, healthcare systems re-channelize all their resources including manpower to focus on managing the outbreak, limiting the spread of the disease, and preventing the healthcare system from collapsing. Such a shift during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic however resulted in interruption of the medical education even in the most successful medical training programs [ 1 , 2 ].

Besides the clinical activities, teaching, and training, producing a research paper or thesis is an essential step for a student graduating from medical school [ 3 ]. A typical postgraduation training in India for specialties is usually 3 years for degrees and 2 years for diploma courses and the super specialty training further involves 3 years post-specialization. During the training period of 2 to 3 years, the student goes through clinical rotations including emergency duties, regular academics involving didactic lectures, seminars, group discussions, case presentations, and journal clubs. To potentiate academic competence and research-based critical analysis thinking skills, the National Medical Council (NMC; formerly Medical Council of India, MCI) mandates that each student is required to undertake a research topic with a faculty as the guide and or co-guide from the concerned specialty. However, dissertation research by Indian postgraduate students remains invisible in international literature, and conversion to publication is abysmally low due to various factors involving time constraints, poor mentorship, and lack of funding [ 4 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic with all its effects made this scenario further worse.

We, therefore, planned to conduct this survey to find out the problems in the conduct of thesis/dissertation work during the time of the ongoing pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the conduct of a thesis for postgraduate medical students across all specialties. This study aims to find the size ability of the problems associated with the conduct of thesis and dissertation work of postgraduate medical students and suggest tangible solutions for the same to improve academic productivity.

1. Methodology

After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, we conducted an online questionnaire-based survey ( Appendix 1 ) and sent it to all postgraduate medical students using various online and social media chat platforms. The questionnaire contained a series of a total of 13 questions which are either short answers or multiple-choice types and prepared on google forms. The questions were designed based on a literature search, personal experiences, and feedback from students. Open-ended questions are also included. The content validity of the questionnaire was performed before snowballing by experts (senior faculties and postgraduate medical students). They rated each question on a Likert scale based on simplicity, clarity, ambiguity, and relevance. The reliability of data was checked after the test-retest method on 21 students. After data collection, a descriptive analysis was conducted.

2. Statistical plan

1) sample size calculation.

The sample size was calculated with Sample Size Calculator ( https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm ). For deriving the sample size, we calculated the approximate number of postgraduates across India to be approximately around 35,000 as per the MCI and Diplomate of National Board websites [ 4 ]. Considering the reachability of at least 60% of students and assuming a minimum two-sided 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error, and standard deviation of 0.5, a minimum sample size of 376 was obtained.

2) Data analysis

Data was analyzed using multiple measures of dispersion, and cross-tabulations. Categorical data were presented as percentages or frequencies as appropriate. One sample chi-square test was used for comparing proportions with the expected count in all the cells of at least 5. GraphPad Prism ver. 8.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, USA) was used for the chi-square test.

3. Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar as an exemption on July 15, 2021 (T/IM-NF/Anesth/21/50).

Data were collected from 398 participants and entries from 377 participants were included for final analysis. The demographics of the 377 participants are depicted in Fig. 1A and Table 1 .

Effect of the Pandemic on Postgraduate Thesis

(A) Departmental thesis review meetings before and after the pandemic. (B) Time utilization of the postgraduate students during the pandemic

Demographics of the Survey Participants

MD: Doctor of Medicine, MS: Master of Science, DM: Doctor of Management, MCh: Magister Chirurgiae, FNB: Fellowship of National Board, DNB: Diplomate of National Board, COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

1. Effect of the pandemic on thesis

The thesis was affected due to the pandemic adversely by 88% of the participants and mildly by 10%. Only 5% of participants had a thesis that was related to COVID-19 patients. While assessing the participants on the current timeline around 98 (25%) of the participants had submitted their thesis recently; out of which around 48% had submitted without achieving the estimated sample size; however, there were no statistically significant differences in that group (χ 2 =0.163, p=0.68) ( Table 2 ). Out of the rest, 280 participants (75%) who were yet to submit their thesis, around 80% reportedly did not achieve the anticipated sample size (χ 2 =102.36, p<0.0001).

Effect of the Pandemic on the Thesis

Around 218 participants informed that their concerned institutes had provided relaxation in the time limit for submission of thesis/protocols whereas 159 suggested they did not receive any (χ 2 =102.63, p<0.006). However, there was no significant difference noted between the type of institutes (central/state/private/corporate) ( Table 2 ).

The most common problems for the conduct of the thesis reportedly and the effect of the pandemic situation on the departmental thesis review meetings were as represented in Table 2 .

2. Alternatives and suggestions

As per the participants, the best alternatives to pursuing a thesis during postgraduation could be systematic reviews/metanalysis (35%), departmental audits (46%), publication of case reports as first/corresponding author (44%), maintenance of portfolio/logbook (51%), task-based assessment of research methodology (44%), and publication of protocol/original idea (30%) ( Table 3 ).

Problems Faced in Conduct of Thesis

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Survey participants suggested options for improving the current thesis program for completion of postgraduation which included research methodology must before protocol submission (65%), collaborative studies involving multiple departments with two or more students (submitting the same but good quality thesis) (57.5%), permission to conduct thesis study post-submission (58%), exclusive time separate from clinical and academic work (64%), a biostatistics department in each medical college (67%), and financial incentives for thesis completion (88%) ( Table 4 ).

Alternatives and Suggestion to Improve Thesis Work in Postgraduation

The time utilization of the pandemic with distribution in clinical work as a frontline worker, thesis work, attending webinars, and self-study was assessed on a Likert scale of 0–10, and data is presented in Fig. 1B .

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey to evaluate the impact of the covid pandemic on the conduct of a thesis for postgraduate medical students across all specialties.

Most of the participants in our survey were from government institutes as most of the latter have turned into nodal centers for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. Also, the majority of the participants included postgraduates from anesthesiology possibly because two authors from this study are faculties in the department of anesthesiology and could reach more anesthesiologists via networking. Secondly, the postgraduates from the anesthesiology, critical care, and internal medicine were the core departments conferred with the primary care of COVID-19 positive patients as per the guidance by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Nonetheless, all other specialties have made a significant contribution to the clinical management of patients even outside the clinical purview because of the acute shortage of manpower during acute waves. In a recent survey done on orthopedic residents in northern India [ 5 ], more than 70% of the postgraduate trainees had a clear impact on their thesis work. As per our study, the numbers were still higher at 88% possibly because we included all specialties, and the sample size was larger.

Thesis and dissertation work has its challenges most commonly as its time-limited and can lead to exclusion of various research questions and thereby publication-oriented study designs. Time constraints in research work have always been highlighted as obstacles in academic research work in previous studies [ 6 , 7 ]. As per a survey done in India, a postgraduate medical student spends 60–100 hours per week on clinical rotation uniformly throughout the residency which leaves negligible time left for thesis work [ 8 ]. Excessive clinical workload during the pandemic, prolonged health issues of self and family including quarantine period, and loss to follow-up of cases because of patients turning covid positive in interventional studies further potentiated the time-bound challenge. Around 77% of participants in our survey spent less than 50% of their time on thesis work and around 40% spent less than 20% of their time on thesis work. Apart from that the physical and mental health also might have led to unnecessary fatigue and procrastination of the students. In our study close to 42% of the survey participants informed that there was no relaxation provided by the local ethics committee for submission of protocol/main manuscript at the time of doing the survey (July to August 2021 where the majority of participants responded to the survey). Although there was a notification from NMC in July 2021 regarding the relaxation of the sample size and timing of submission of the postgraduate thesis, clearly many students were already affected in the previous year. Secondly, the sample size is a huge limiting factor for meeting the publication criteria of high-impact journals. As per our survey, around 50% of the submitted thesis did not achieve the anticipated sample size and more than 75% of the ongoing projects did not achieve the anticipated sample size as per their planned timelines. This problem was highlighted in other studies too [ 5 ]. This would be a grave issue if not tackled appropriately: more and more thesis work either just lying in the libraries for the sake of degrees, loss of research motivation to the upcoming generation, and probable publication in predatory journals. To tackle this problem, rather than reducing the sample size which would yet again bring down the quality of the project for publication, an exclusive unhindered research time separate from clinical rotation could be allowed to the students, and the same was affirmed by 64% of our participants. Harvard Medical School in their MD (Doctor of Medicine) thesis requirements has mentioned a minimum commitment of full-time of at least 4 months for research purposes with an additional period of a complete 1 month for thesis writing [ 9 ]. Similarly, Yale School of Medicine also allows first-year medical students full-time research work with an additional 3 to 4 months in the 3rd and 4th year [ 10 ]. As per a study done on urology residents, research productivity doubles with an additional year of dedicated research time [ 11 ]. Similarly, till the pandemic is officially called off, the sample size criteria for submission to the institutional research section may be given a “relaxation” mainly for experimental studies where there are problems due to recruitment and loss of follow-up with permission to complete the due thesis post submission or after the exit examinations with an extension for research work without which the degree may not be conferred. The extension period may also be supported with financial remuneration for further motivation. Around 58% of the survey participants also suggested this method of continuing the thesis post-submission could be adapted for improving the thesis work in the pandemic era.

As per a survey done by Abhari et al. [ 12 ] on expert professors and postgraduate managers, the three most important steps which help in advancing dissertation work include time tracking the progress by the mentors, providing feedback on the student’s ideas and problems, and holding regular sessions with students expressing the expectations from the students explicitly. Accessibility of the supervisor was considered one of the major hurdles in the conduct of the thesis as per many studies. In our study, around 20% of participants felt that the accessibility of guides was reduced due to excessive COVID-19–related clinical duties. This was also reflected in the data which showed a gross plummeting of 6 monthly departmental meetings for thesis progress from 57% in the prepandemic to 28% in the pandemic period and pushing towards “no departmental meetings” at all in 33% of the participants versus 12% in the prepandemic period. The incorporation of information technology into academic research supervision like Google Meet, Zoom, and WhatsApp as suggested by many for medical education, and the use of teleand online-supervision systems would be helpful to achieve a higher level of supervision and motivate the students further [ 12 ].

Financial support for the conduct of the thesis with even paid research workdays can be an excellent initiative that could be taken up for motivation of students for research work as per 59% of the survey participants. Inadequate financial support has been cited as one of the reasons for the poor conduct of research by 41% of participants as per an analysis in India [ 13 ]. Uniform provision for financial incentives/stipends for full-hour research work as provided in many international universities in the United States, and Canada with the meeting of deadlines would motivate the better research output of students.

One of the many factors for good quality research projects in developed nations is a research-oriented curriculum with a structured research program that involves research rotation of varying duration from 1 month to 1 year [ 14 , 15 ]. This could be possible with a dedicated biostatistics department in each medical college to foster more research-based education in addition to the compulsory research methodology training for all postgraduate residents implemented by the NMC. Close to 65% of the students in our survey were in favor of conducting the research methodology training much before protocol submission and maybe even earlier in undergraduate levels would help in better orientation.

Another strategy to cope with the small sample size and problems in recruitment during the pandemic times was a suggestion of having a thesis as collaborative work in multiple departments which was supported by as many as 58% of participants. For example, a single intervention is done on a single group of patients; however, the outcomes of interest may be different. Here each of the students may write their protocols separately and involve guides from two separate departments. Similarly, a single study may be given to two students so that they can divide the sample size and work on it. This would not only reduce the stress level but also may induce good team-based research work.

Considering the alternatives to research studies like experimental and observational studies, one of the strongest suggestions was to maintain a logbook or portfolio as most of the time is spent in clinical or lab rotations, which also means the thesis to be made optional and not mandatory akin to countries like the United Kingdom and Europe [ 16 ]. Systematic reviews have long been argued in favor of PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) theses, although there are experts who argue against this but can be considered as an option in challenging times. Few other alternatives favored by the participants were case reports published in indexed journals, clinical audits, and publication of protocol or original ideas that can be left open for discussion to stakeholders; however, we as authors believe it would definitely help in building up the academic portfolio of the student to an extent but still may lack in the holistic development of a clinician with an ability to critically analyze literature evidence and put them into practice.

The strength of the study is that it provides practical solutions for improving the research education policies which would help not only help during crises like pandemics but also identify the existing loopholes and provide a tangible solution for the same. Secondly, the survey participants have been kept anonymous so that transparency of the collected data may be maintained.

The limitations of this study are that the survey findings represent the viewpoints of the students and not the policymakers, program directors, or faculties at large which is important while reframing and implementing new policies.

In conclusion, various transformational steps in the postgraduate medical research methodology curriculum should be sought which should focus on the research output of the medical students and thereby motivate them to embark on their journey toward becoming clinician-scientists.

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the students who participated in this survey wholeheartedly.

Appendix 1. Problems in Conduct of Thesis during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Nation-Wide Survey of Postgraduate Medical Students (PROCON THESIS)

Conflicts of interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Author contributions: Conception or design of work: NM, AS, MJ; data collection: NM, AS, MJ, MS, PG; data analysis: AS, NM; drafting the article: AS, NM, MJ; critical revisoon of article: NM, AS, MJ, MS, PG; and final approval of the version to be pulblished: AS, NM, MJ, MS, PG.

Funding: No financial support was received for this study.

Medical Education

Cite as: McManus, I. C. (1985). Medical students: Origins, selection, attitudes and culture (unpublished MD thesis, University of London).

Home > MAHE Student Work > KMCMLR

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2021 2021.

“The Impact of Self-Stigma of Seeking Help and Perceived Social Support on Burnout among Clinical Psychologists” , Aavrita A

The impact of self-stigma of seeking help &percieved social support on burnout among clinical psychologists. , Aavrita .

Immediate Effects of Novel Hand Rehabilitation Board on Fine Motor Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy. , Romita Fernandes. Abraham

"COMPARISON OF THREE SCORING CRITERIA TO ASSESS RECOVERY FROM GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN THE POST-ANAESTHESIA CARE UNIT- A LONGITUDINAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY " , Shagun Aggarwal

Comparative predictive validity of Alberta Infant Motor Scale and Infant Neurological International Battery in Low Birth Weight Infants- A Prospective Longitudinal Study. , Polisetti Siva Sai Anand

Antagonistic Asynchrony in Muscle Recruitment Pattern of Forward Reach Movement In Children With Cerebral Palsy. , Sanya Anklesaria

Muscle fatigue response of rotator cuff muscles in sitting and standing postures , Lisanne Aranha

Effectiveness of static weight bearing versus modified constraint induced movement therapy on improving hand function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy- A Randomized Clinical Trial. , Ruth Bavighar

How informed are our patients about generic medicines? – A study from coastal South India , Darshan BB

Morphological variants of the human spleen, a cadaveric study , Murlimanju BV

Association between cervical breast cancer and Diabtetes mellitus among women seeking health care in tertiary hospitals od south India: A cross sectional study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

Carcinoma Breast in among Women with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

Perception of Empathy among medical students: A cross sectional study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

CLINICOMYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA , Adyashree Dalai

Study of outcome of Ponseti technique of management for idiopathic clubfoot in a tertiary center in south India , Lulu Damsas

Comparative study of emotional labour &burnout on life satisfaction among school teachers across different educational settings , Meghana Dharampalan

“Comparative Study of Emotional Labor and Burnout on Life Satisfaction Among School Teachers Across Different Educational Settings” , Meghana V. Dharmapalan

“Relationship Between Sexual Fantasy, Sexual Communication, Personality Traits and Sexual Satisfaction in Married Individuals” , Rhea Dhir

Comparing the efficacy of USG guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with or without intercostobrachial nerve block for forearm surgeries – an observational study , DIKSHA D’MELLO

Does Quality of Sitting influence Functional Mobility in Cerebral Palsy? A cross-sectional study , Kaiorisa N. Doctor

Factors effecting gait velocity in osteoarthritis knee-An observational study. , Lisha Gretal D’silva

Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, Quality Of Life And Length Of Stay in individuals undergoing Cardiac Surgery , Fiona Verdine Dsouza

Relationship of Academic Resilience with Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Social Support; Among Civil Service Aspirants , Neha Eldho

EFFICACY, FEASIBILITY, AND SAFETY OF PERCUTANEOUS IMAGE-GUIDED CATHETER DRAINAGE OF THORACIC, ABDOMINAL, AND PELVIC FLUID COLLECTION , Aishwarya Gadwal

Comparison of efficacy of two different bolus doses of norepinephrine as prophylac-tic to prevent post-spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section , PRANATHI GARAPATI

Trends in Frailty and its Associated factors in Community Dwelling Elderly Indian Population during COVID-19 Pandemic- A Prospective Analytical Study , Karan Gautam

Speech Sound acquisition in some south Indian Dravidian languages: A systematic review , Jesica George

Comparison of Femoral nerve block with Dexmedetomidine and Adductor canal block with Dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty . , NEHA GEORGE

Assessment Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Patients With Osteoarthritis Knee , Sagar Goel

Effectiveness of Intermittent Cervical Traction with and without Neural Mobilization in Discogenic Cervical Radiculopathy , Aditi Goyal

Study of maternal and cord blood vitamin B12 levels with anthropometry in term neonates born to normal and malnourished mothers: a hospital based cross sectional study , Sugapradha a. GR

Development of a Questionnaire to Determine the Intervention and Service Delivery Practices of Speech-Language Pathologists for Children with Speech Sound Disorders in India , Shaily Gupta

Relationship between Physical Activity, Objective Sleep Parameters and Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer receiving Chemoradiotherapy- A Longitudinal Study , Rachita Gururaj

“Emotional Contagion, Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Among Nurses” , Saumya Hariharan

Assessment of knowledge and belief about stuttering among undergraduate medical students , Anushree Harihar

Association of serum lipid levels and other systemic risk factors with retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients. , Harshita Mukesh Hiran

Assessment of risk of Diabetes Mellitus by using Indian Diabetes Risk Score among Housekeeping staff , Ramesh Holla

“Emotional Intelligence, Self-compassion, and Life-Satisfaction In Clinical Psychologists” , Vania Jacob

UPPER-CROSSED SYNDROME AND DISABILITY IN SHOULDER ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS. , Aishwarya Jaideep

Study to assess the role of doppler ultrasound in evaluation of arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula and the complications of hemodialysis access , Ishank Jain

Relationship between burnout compassion fatigue, work environment & mindfulness in medical residents , Pranay Javeri

“Relationship Between Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, Work Environment and Mindfulness in Medical Residents” , Pranay Harichandra Javeri

“Dating Anxiety in Emerging Adults” , Jisha V. Jayaprakash

“Relationship Between Tolerance for Disagreement and Mindfulness in Married Males and Married Females” , Jahnavi Jha

Antibiotic usage and susceptibility patterns in Uncomplicated UTI in a Tertiary Hospital in South India , Christy John

Association of bed rise difficulty scale with trunk impairment and functional scales among stroke patients , Leena G. John

Is there a correlation between Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Centre of Pressure Excursion measured through Dual Axis Static Force Plate™ to assess Balance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing? , Niharika Joshi

Comparison of Sensory Processing Responses in Cerebral Palsy Subtypes and Typically Developing Children (7-36 months): A Cross Sectional Study. , Archana Antony K

‘A study on the Role of Learned Helplessness, Selfefficacy and Perceived Social Support in Determining Resilience in Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ , Benaisha Khurshed Katrak

A study of correlation of maternal serum zinc levels with breast milk and cord blood of late preterm neonates , Rashmi Katti

Correlation of histopathology and direct immunofluorescence findings in clinically diagnosed prurigo nodularis , Haritha K

Difference in proximal femur loading due to muscle activity during partial weight bearing and NWB standing- A cross-sectional study. , Smital Kshirsagar

Effect of Sesamol on neurobiochemical changes in diet induced (DIO) obesity model of Zebra fish (Danio rerio) , Rashmii K.S.

Importance of integration of medical ethics with undergraduate medical curriculum- Instructors and student’s perspectives. , Rashmii K.S.

Long-term potentiation (LTP): A simple yet powerful cellular process in learning and memory , Rashmii K.S.

Parkinson's Disease Overview: Alternative Potential Curcumin Treatment, Current Treatment and Prevalence Among Ethnic Groups , Rashmii K.S.

Smart brain of India vs. tricky drugs , Rashmii K.S.

The Role of Professionalism and Ethics Training: Instructor’s and Student’s perspectives in a medical College , Rashmii K.S.

Violence Against Doctors: A Qualitative Study On This Rising Predicament , Rashmii K.S.

Morphometric study of the gracilis muscle and its pedicles , Chettiar Ganesh Kumar

Comparative study of bed side tests to assess difficult airway in paediatric patients , S.Abinandha Kumar

Euphorbia thymifolia (Linn.)- A review on ethno pharmacological properties , Vasavi Kumblekar

COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS THE USE OF SUNSCREEN IN DAILY LIFE BETWEEN FIRST -AND THIRD -YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS , Aarushi Lall

‘Feminist Identity, Socio-cultural Attitude Towards Appearance, and Body Images issues in Emerging Adult Women’ , Sheena Lonappan

A novel approach to quantify the Dynamic Windlass Mechanism , Ishita Mahajan

METFORMIN VERSUS INSULIN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES , Varikuti Manogna

Cognitive abilities among employed and unemployed middle-aged women – a systematic review , Aswini M

‘Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being Among Nurses’ , Chetna M

RELATIONSHIP OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN(CAD)-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR FACIAL DYSFUNCTION WITH FACIAL GRADING SYSTEMS FOR BELL’S PALSY: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY , Ankita Mehendale

“Effect of Sensation Seeking and Anxious Traits on Suicidal Ideation Among Adults by Birth Order” , Haripriya G. M

Clinical & radiological assessment of intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFN A2 , Harish M

Effect of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme on respiratory function, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , Vaibhavi Mhatre

Profiling Communication Characteristics of Individuals with Acquired Neuro-communication Disorder in a Tertiary Care Setup , Nikita Subudhi M

Relationship between weight bearing symmetry, trunk control and fear of fall amongst subjects with stroke: A cross sectional study , VIVIAN NEHAL MONIS

Lower extremity muscle recruitment pattern during sit to stand transfer in children with cerebral palsy as compared to typically developing children- a cross sectional study. , Kiran P. Nadgauda

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Indian classical singers towards vocal healthcare , Raveena Muralidharan Nair

"Perspectives of Indian Speech Language Pathologists on Adolescent Language Assessment" , Rohana Muralidharan Nair

Effect Of Yoga On Perceived Stress And Pulmonary Function In High Stressed Postmenopausal Women , Vinodini NA

Refractory errors, blood groups & diabetes mellitus: A corrleative study in south Indian population , Vinodini NA

Comparison of Functional outcomes for displaced extra-articular distal radius fractures managed by Conservative versus Operative methods: A Prospective cohort study , Muhammed Ehsan Nazeer

COMPARATIVE STUDYOF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VAPOCOOLANT SPRAY VERSUS EMLA®® CREAM IN REDUCING PAIN DURING INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION IN ADULT POPULATION , Sisla Nazer P

Assessment of attitude among public towards stuttering in a coastal city of Southern Karnataka , Prithvi N

"Severity assessment of acute pancreatitis using ct severity index and modified ct severity index: association with clinical outcomes and ranson’s criteria. " , GEETANJALI PARMAR

“The Effect of Culture Shock on Adjustment and Psychological Wellbeing Among College Going Students” , Akanksha Patra

‘Effect of Religiosity on Attitude Towards Euthanasia in Medical Students’ , Sumedha Pawar

Development Of A Questionnaire To Determine The Clinical Assessment Practices Of Speech-Language Pathologists For Children With Speech Sound Disorders In India , Prasila Elsa Philip

Correlation of oxidised LDL with oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in subjects with elevated LDL levels , Pooja p

Association of emotional intelligence of primigravida mothers with breastfeeding self efficacy in the early postpartum period and exclusive breastfeeding rates up to 6 months. , Priyanka Reddy p

Morphometric study of the Sartorius muscle and its vascular pedicles , M.D. Prameela

Comparison of the analgesic duration using ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve block between diabetics with neuropathy and non-diabetics without neuropathy , GANESH PRASAD

Early follicular and Mid-luteal phase associated changes in Lower extremity Muscle strength , length and Agility in amateur female athletes – a Prospective Analytical study , Vishnu Priya

Assessment of mobile device based educational intervention on breastfeeding technique in multigravida mothers and its effect on early infant feeding pattern- A randomized controlled trial. , Keerthi Raj

THERMAL ULTRASOUND, MANIPULATION AND EXERCISE ON PAIN AND MOUTH OPENING IN CHRONIC TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER: A CASE REPORT , Suchita S. Rao

Correlation of Histopathology and Direct Immunofluorescence: Findings in clinically diagnosed Prurigo nodularis in a Tertiary care hospital , Haritha Reddy

EFFECT OF POSITIONING ON THE PAIN RESPONSE OF INFANTS VACCINATED WITH IPV AND PENTAVALENT (dtwp-HEPATITIS B-HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA B) VACCINES , Sontosh Reddy

Assessment of the acceptable length of Right internal jugular central venous catheters. , Nivedhitha R

PRELEVANCE OF WORK RELATED DERMATOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN COVID-19 ERA , Rana R

COMPARISON OF TWO ROUTINE FACIAL EXERCISE PROTCOLS FOR BELL’S PALSY- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL , Stephanie Santiago

Profiling selected speech characteristics in individuals with Chronic Cough , Nawal Palakkal Sathar

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