child rights essay in nepali

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Essay on child rights in nepal

                            CHILD RIGHTS IN NEPAL

Child rights simply refers to the right to children. They are essential for their all round development. Today’s children are the tomorrows nation builders. They should be made able to shoulder the nation in future. Realizing this fact our country has introduced some rights as child rights.

Our present constitution has introduced child rights as fundamental rights. It means it cannot be violated at any sense. Some important child rights are right to love and affection, right to name and nationality, right to education, right to recreation and sports and so on. Nepal aims to ensure these rights to every child here.

Moreover, childhood is the tender age. Their mind can be compare with clay. We can shape it. They learn everything form the environment around them. So they should be kept free form exploitation and torture. If they are ill treated in the society, the anti-social feeling may grow in them. As the result, there won’t be unity in the future. Hence, it is also believed to be a child right.

The effort of the government alone may not be enough to promote the condition of child rights. There are some NGO’s in Nepal and the world working for the children. Some of the worth mentioning among them in our country are CWIN, SON, UNDP, UNICEF, STC etc. they are also working in Nepal to work in favour of our children.

Even though, we have strict provision in this regard, we see the children involving in various types of work such as collecting plastics, bottles, pans, pots and used cans, instead of going to school. Undoubtedly these types of work are against child rights. The children are engaged in service as servant in rich man’s house, factories, garment, and other industries. It is against child rights. These activities hinder the overall development of our children.

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Ensuring child rights in the new constitution of Nepal

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World Vision International Nepal (WVIN) has been working for the past several years with various national networks and like-minded organisations to ensure the promotion of children's rights in Nepal’s new context.

In 2006, the internal armed conflict came to an end with a comprehensive peace agreement between the then insurgents, the Maoists, and the government. This led to the successful parliamentary Constituent Assembly (CA) elections in 2008 and the declaration of Nepal as a secular democratic republic, abolishing the age-old monarchy. In the light of these changes, WVIN partnered with like-minded organisations and adopted a common position to give a voice to children and include their participation in the drafting of the new constitution of Nepal.

Two national child rights’ coalitions, Children as Zones of Peace (CZOP), and the Consortium of Organizations Working for Child Participation, have called for the inclusion in the new constitution of comprehensive child rights, and associated structures to protect child rights. As a steering committee member of those two organisations, WVIN has been working to position itself as a child-focused organisation advocating for the rights of children, who comprise nearly half the population of Nepal but are regarded as second-class citizens.

Starting from 2006, the same network also organised a far-reaching series of national and district consultations with children aimed at capturing the voices of children in the interim constitution, the election process, and the forthcoming new constitution.

The network also worked to involve children and stakeholders, carry out research and prepare publications, create a CA advocacy group for mass lobbying, build capacity of CA members on child rights and mobilise the media.

In 2007, children made recommendations to the government on policy concerning their rights. Children from 63 districts were consulted at local and district levels. This was followed by a national consultation, held in the capital, of 63 child representatives selected from child clubs across 48 districts. The outcome was a 12-point agenda to be addressed by the State and put forth by the children, concerning their health, education, development, protection and participation.

From 2008-2009, a national campaign was held which managed to collect the thumbprints of one million children from across the country to pressurise the government to prioritise the rights of children when drafting the new constitution. This was a joint campaign initiated with the coordination and participation of 728 child rights’ organisations all over the country.

Headed by children in each district, local organisations in 67 districts across Nepal took part in the campaign. The campaign was run from a bus, called the Child Rights Bus, specially painted for the purpose that travelled from one district to another. During the campaign, awareness on the situation of children and the importance of child rights was generated through rallies and street plays.

With the help of a national children’s essay competition, “The Constitution I desire”, children’s suggestions were also collected. The campaign ended on National Children’s Day with the exhibition and handing over of the thumbprints, to the Chairperson of the CA, Mr Subhas Nemwang, in a function organised by the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare.

In 2009, a Child Rights Parliamentary Forum was formed to ensure children are given highest priority and their rights are safeguarded in the constitution-drafting process. The Child Rights Parliamentary Forum is a national forum to listen to children and advocate on their behalf. As such, selected CA members have committed themselves to being ‘Child Rights Advocates’ and to working with others to maximise their influence.  In the long-term this forum will also be a place to review government legislation, monitor policy, and initiate bills on behalf of children.

In 2010, an interaction for child rights coalition with Chairperson of Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) Committee, Ms. Yanghee Lee, and Vice-Chairperson, Mr. Jean Zermatten, was organised to share experiences and the achievements made by the networks, learn more about global child rights constitutional provisions, and update the CRC Committee on the optional protocol shadow-reporting of Nepal.

After much anticipation, the Fundamental Rights Committee has already incorporated most of the recommendations as an Expert Submission into the Draft Concept Note of the new constitution. One of the key recommendations is to enshrine the rights to participation for all children. The children of Nepal now look forward to a brighter future with the new constitution due to be promulgated in May 2011. Against this background WVIN continues to advocate for the inclusion of children's rights in the new constitution.

Child Rights Resource centre

The rights of the child in Nepal

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Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture

Alternative Report submitted to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child by Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture (OMCT). The paper concentrates on the disparities between domestic legislation and practice, the particularly relevant articles 37 and 40 of The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Government report presented to the Committee.

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Child Rights in Nepal

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ई पोर्टल बारे

NATIONAL CHILD RIGHTS COUNCIL

Brief Information

1. INTRODUCTION

The Government of Nepal has formed National Child Rights Council as per the Section 59 of Children's Act, 2018 under the chairpersonship of the Women, Children and Senior Citizens Minister in order to protect and promote the rights of children by transforming Central Child Welfare Board formed under Children's Act, 1992. According to the Children's Regulation, 1994 (Second Amendment, 2020), there are altogether 25 members consisting of 12 representatives of federal ministries, National Planning Commission and Nepal Police, secretary of Social Development Ministry of 7 provinces and 4 members nominated by the Government of Nepal from civil society, and Executive Director of the Council as a Member-Secretary.  

2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

3. RIGHTS, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE COUNCIL

Approve the long-term policy, plan and annual program budget of the Council.

Provide suggestions to the federal, provincial and local government in order to adopt required policy, legal, plan, program and institutional measures for respect, protection, promotion and fulfilling the rights of children.

Provide suggestions by monitoring, evaluating and reviewing programs conducted by the Government of Nepal.

Facilitate to prepare periodic report in line with International Conventions in which Nepal is a party.

Coordinate with and facilitate to Provincial and Local Child Rights Committee for monitoring, evaluating and reviewing the programs conducted by provincial and local government.

Strengthen capacity of concerned stakeholders in course of protecting and promoting the rights of children.

Publicize annual report of state of children based on information and report received from Provincial and Local Child Rights Committee.

Develop, operate, manage and strengthen child related national information system.

Manage office of the Council, human resources and financial resources, and mobilize and develop capacity.

Implement required programs for protection and promotion of the rights of children by mobilizing assistance received from bi-lateral and multi-lateral development partners with the consent of Ministry of Finance.

Conduct specific national campaign for protecting and promoting the rights of children by prioritizing the plan, annual policy and program approved by the Government of Nepal.

Determine basic needs to be availed to children resided in child care home, child correction home, temporary protection service centre and rehabilitation centre in recommendation of Local Child Rights Committee.

4. FIVE-YEAR STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE COUNCIL

A. Vision : Country fit for each and every child.

B. Mission : Develop NCRC as a specific agency in order to facilitate the issues of the rights of children.

C. Goal: Assurance of the rights of children.

D. Believe and Assumption/Values : 

• Every child has innate capacity, and basic services are essential to exalt the personality of children.
• Every child is a foundation for human capital development and future of the country.
• Responsibilities of state mechanism should be strong towards needy children.
• Each organization and agency can contribute to the cause of children.

.E. Principles:

• Non-discrimination but affirmative actions
• Best interests of the child
• Long life and development of the child
• Respect to views of children
• Identify & value of and collaboration & cooperation with professional institutions

F.   Objectives:

The main objective of this framework is to develop capacity of the Council and Provincial and Local Child Rights Committee in course of protecting and promoting the rights of children. The specific objectives are to -

develop child-friendly environment in local, provincial and federal level,

contribute to strengthen child protection system,

strengthen capacity of child related stakeholders,

facilitate to mainstream the cause of children in development process, and

strengthen monitoring and evaluation.

5. STRATEGIC ACTIONS

Facilitate to federal, provincial and local government for effective implementation of child friendly law, policy, plan and programs.

Facilitate in developing policies, guidelines and standards of different aspects of the cause of children.

Develop coordination, collaboration and network among government, non-government and corporate sector.

Strengthen capacity of the Council, Provincial and Local Child Rights Committee, and other concerned stakeholders.

Contribute to improve child protection system.

Develop capacity and mobilize National Centre for Children at-Risk -NCCR (Toll Free No. 104) and Child Helpline (Toll Free No. 1098).

Conduct campaign of targeted programs based on priority of the issues of children.

Conduct child rights related awareness raising programs.

Strengthen information management, research, publication, monitoring and evaluation.

Advocate with three tiers government for increasing investment for children.

Manage financial resources -

Increase partnership with UN agencies and INGOs.

Advocate with the donors like, multilateral & bilateral agencies, World Band and Asian Development Bank for cooperation.

Compete child related project proposals called by national and international agencies and organizations.

Request private/corporate sector for cooperation and collaboration for the cause of children.

राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद् संक्षिप्त जानकारी

बालबालिकाको हक हित तथा कल्याणका निम्ति बालबालिकासम्बन्धी ऐन, २०४८ अनुसार गठित केन्दीय बाल कल्याण समितिलाई रूपान्तरण गरी नेपाल सरकारले बालबालिका सम्बन्धी ऐन, २०७५ कोे दफा ५९ बमोजिम बालबालिकाकाे हक, हित तथा अधिकारकाे संरक्षण र सम्बद्धन गर्न नेपाल सरकार, महिला, बालबालिका तथा ज्येष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्रीको अध्यक्षतामा राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद् गठन भएको छ । बालबालिका सम्बन्धी नियमावली, २०५१ (दोस्रो संशोधन, २०७६) अनुसार संघीय मन्त्रालय, राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग र नेपाल प्रहरीका तोकिएका प्रतिनिधि १२ जना, प्रत्येक प्रदेश सामाजिक विकास मन्त्रालयका सचिव ७ जना, नेपाल सरकारले मनोनयन गर्ने ४ जना सदस्यहरु र परिषद्का कार्यकारी निर्देशक सदस्य–सचिव रहने गरी जम्मा २५ सदस्यीय परिषद् रहेको छ ।   २. संगठनात्मक संरचना

  ३. काम, कर्तव्य र अधिकार

क.     राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद्को दीर्घकालीन नीति, योजना र वार्षिक कार्यक्रम तथा बजेट स्वीकृत गर्ने,  ख.     बालबालिकाको अधिकारको सम्मान, संरक्षण, प्रवद्र्धन र परिपूर्तिको लागि आवश्यक नीति, कानून, योजना, कार्यक्रम र संस्थागत संयन्त्रको व्यवस्था गर्न नेपाल सरकार, प्रदेश सरकार  र स्थानीय तहलाई सुझाव दिने,  ग.     नेपाल सरकारद्वारा सञ्चालित बालबालिकासम्बन्धी कार्यक्रमको अनुगमन, मूल्याङ्कन तथा समीक्षा गरी सुझाव दिने,  घ.     नेपाल पक्ष रहेका बाल अधिकारसम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्धिअन्तर्गत आवधिक प्रतिवेदन तयार गर्न सहजीकरण गर्ने,  ङ.     प्रदेश सरकार र स्थानीय तहद्वारा सञ्चालित बालबालिकासम्बन्धी कार्यक्रमको अनुगमन, मूल्याङ्कन तथा समीक्षाका लागि सम्बन्धित प्रदेश र स्थानीय बाल अधिकार समितिसँग समन्वय र  आवश्यक सहजीकरण गर्ने, च.     बाल अधिकार संरक्षण तथा प्रवद्र्धन गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सरोकारवालाको क्षमता अभिवृद्धि गर्ने,  छ.     प्रदेश र स्थानीय बाल अधिकार समितिबाट प्राप्त वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन तथा विवरण समेतको आधारमा बालबालिकासम्बन्धी राष्ट्रिय स्थिति प्रतिवेदन वार्षिक रुपमा सार्वजनिक गर्ने,  ज.     बालबालिकासम्बन्धी राष्ट्रिय सूचना प्रणालीको विकास, सञ्चालन, व्यवस्थापन तथा सुदृढीकरण गर्ने,  झ.     राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद्को कार्यालय, कर्मचारी दरबन्दी तथा जनशक्ति र आर्थिक स्रोत साधनको व्यवस्था मिलाउने, परिचालन गर्ने, तालिम दिने तथा क्षमता अभिवृद्धि गर्ने,  ञ.     नेपाल सरकार, अर्थ मन्त्रालयको स्वीकृति लिई बाल संरक्षण तथा बाल अधिकार प्रवद्र्धनका लागि द्विपक्षीय तथा बहुपक्षीय विकास साझेदार एवम् अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय संघसंस्थाबाट प्राप्त सहायता परिचालन गरी आवश्यकता अनुसार कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्ने, ट.     नेपाल सरकारको स्वीकृत योजना, वार्षिक नीति तथा कार्यक्रम अनुकूल प्राथमिकता निर्धारण गरी बाल संरक्षण तथा बाल अधिकार प्रवद्र्धनका लागि विशेष राष्ट्रिय अभियान सञ्चालन गर्ने, ठ.    स्थानीय बाल अधिकार समितिको सिफारिसमा बालगृह, बाल सुधार गृह, अस्थायी संरक्षण सेवा र पुनस्र्थापना केन्द्रमा आश्रित बालबालिकालाई उपलब्ध गराउनु पर्ने आधारभूत आवश्यकताको निर्धारण गर्ने । 

४. राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद्को आगामी पाँचवर्षे रणनीतिक खाका 

क. दीर्घकालीन सोचः प्रत्येक बालबालिकामैत्रीे देश हुने ।

ख. ध्येयः बाल अधिकारका विषयहरुमा सहजीकरण गर्नका लागि राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद्लाई विशिष्टीकृत संस्थाको रुपमा विकास गर्ने । 

ग.  लक्ष्यः बाल अधिकारको सुनिश्चित गर्ने ।

घ.    मुल्य/मान्यता र विश्वासः

१. प्रत्येक बालबालिकामा क्षमता अन्तरनिहित हुन्छ र उनीहरुको व्यक्तित्व विकासका लागि आधारभूत सेवासुविधाको आवश्यक हुन्छ । 

२. प्रत्येक बालबालिका देशको भविष्य र मानव पुँजी विकासको आधारशीला हो । 

३. राज्य सञ्चालनका संयन्त्रहरुबाट विशेष संरक्षणको आवश्यकता भएका बालबालिका प्रतिको दायित्व प्रभावकारी रुपमा निर्वाह हुनु पर्दछ । 

४. बालबालिकाको हकहितको संरक्षण र प्रवद्र्धनका लागि प्रत्येक सम्बद्ध निकाय, संघसंस्था, सञ्चार क्षेत्र र नागरिकले योगदान दिन सक्छ । 

ङ.     सिद्धान्तः

१. अविभेद तर सकारात्मक विभेद

२.   बालबालिकाको सर्वाेत्तम हित

३.    बालबालिकाको दीर्घ जीवन र दीगो विकास

४.   बालबालिकाको भावना तथा विचारको कदर

५.   विशेषज्ञ संस्थाहरुको पहिचान, सहकार्य र महत्व

च.    उद्देश्यः बाल अधिकारको सम्मान, संरक्षण, प्रवद्र्धन र परिपुर्तिका लागि राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद् लगायत प्रदेश र स्थानीय बाल अधिकार समितिको क्षमता अभिवृद्धि गर्नु प्रमुख उद्देश्य रहेको छ । विशिष्ट उद्देश्यहरु निम्नानुसार रहेका छन्ः

१.    संघ, प्रदेश र स्थानीय तहमा बालमैत्री वातावरण विकास गर्न सहजीकरण गर्ने ।

२.   बाल संरक्षण प्रणाली सुदृढ र सवल बनाउन सहजीकरण गर्ने । 

३.    बालबालिकासम्बद्ध सरकारी निकाय र विकास साझेदार संघसस्थाको क्षमता विकास गर्ने । 

४.   विकास प्रक्रियामा बालबालिकाको विषयहरुलाई मूलप्रवाहीकरण गर्न संघ, प्रदेश र स्थानीय तहमा सहजीकरण गर्ने ।  

५.  अनुगमन र मूल्याङ्कन व्यवस्थापन प्रणाली सुदृढ गर्ने । 

५. रणनीतिक कार्यहरु १.   बालमैत्री कानून, नीति, योजना र कार्यक्रमको प्रभावकारी कार्यान्वयनका लागि संघ, प्रदेश र स्थानीय सरकारसँग सहजीकरण गर्ने । २.   बालबालिकासम्बन्धी विविध विषयहरुको नीति, निर्देशिका र मापदण्ड निर्माणमा सहयोग तथा सहजीकरण गर्ने ।  ३.  सरकारी निकाय, विकासका साझेदारहरु र निजी क्षेत्रबीच समन्वय, सहकार्य र सञ्जाल विकास गर्ने ।  ४.    राष्ट्रिय बाल अधिकार परिषद्, प्रदेश र स्थानीय बाल अधिकार समिति एवम् अन्य सरोकारवाला संस्थाहरुको क्षमता अभिवृद्धि गर्ने ।  ५.    बाल संरक्षण प्रणाली सुधार गर्न सहजीकरण गर्ने ।  ६.  बालबालिका खोजतलास समन्वय केन्द्र (निःशुल्क टेलिफोन नं. १०४) र बाल हेल्पलाइन (निःशुल्क टेलिफोन नं. १०९८) को क्षमता अभिवृद्धि र परिचालन गर्ने ।  ७.    बाल विकास र संरक्षणका विषयहरुमध्ये प्राथमिकताको आधारमा लक्षित कार्यहरु तथा अभियान सञ्चालन गर्ने ।  ८.   बालबालिकासम्बन्धी चेतना जागरणका कार्यहरु गर्ने ।   ९.    बालबालिकासम्बन्धी सूचना व्यवस्थापन, प्रकाशन, अध्ययन, अनुगमन, मूल्याङ्कन कार्यहरु सुदृढ गर्ने ।  १०.   तीनै तहका सरकारबाट बालबालिकाका लागि लगानी बृद्धि गर्न पैरवी गर्ने । ११.   आर्थिक स्रोत व्यवस्थापन गर्ने – 

• संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघीय निकाय र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गैरसरकारी संस्थाहरुसँग कार्यक्रमको साझेदारी अभिवृद्धि गर्ने । 
• बहुपक्षीय, द्विपक्षीय लगायत विश्व बैङ्क, एसियाली विकास बैङ्कजस्ता संस्थाहरुसँग सहयोगका लागि अनुरोध गर्ने ।
• स्वदेशी र विदेशी निकाय तथा संघसंस्थाबाट गरिएको खुल्ला बालहित परियोजनाको प्रस्ताव आह्वान गर्दा प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने । 
• बालहितसम्बन्धी कार्यक्रमका लागि निजी क्षेत्रसँग अनुरोध तथा सहकार्य गर्ने ।

स्रोत सामग्री

• Protecting Children in Brick Kilns
• A Qualitative study comparing the effects and outcomes of. HIV related interventions
• स्थानीय सरकार सञ्चालन ऐन, २०७४ मा बालबालिकासंग सम्बन्धित केही प्रावधानहरु
• नेपालको संविधान र बालअधिकार
• बालबालिकासंग सम्बन्धित केही तथ्याङ्कहरु पहिले र अहिले

नेपाल सरकार

महिला, बालबालिका तथा जेष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्रालय

राष्ट्रिय बालअधिकार परिषद्

 पुल्चोक, ललितपुर

फोन : ०१-५५५०१२१,५५५०१४७

फ्याक्स : ५५२७५९१

इमेल : [email protected];[email protected]

• स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालय
• सूचना तथा सञ्चार मन्त्रालय
• सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय
• श्रम तथा रोजगार मन्त्रालय
• शिक्षा विभाग